One Of Our Own Is Missing!

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

The weekend finished as slow as it started for news. No news, no developments, nothing.

In the are of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), well, you know the total always drops off over the weekend, but as of this posting, there are 78 candles, up from 67 at this time Saturday.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:30 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments yesterday. No news, no developments, nothing.

In the are of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), the total has dropped to 64 candles.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so nothing new to report.

In news on Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) as of this posting, we are back up to 77. Remember, your candles go out after 48 hours.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

I have been unable to access CS, for some reason, since late yesterday afternoon. I apologize for being tardy today.

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so there is nothing to report.

In new of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), there were 78 candles lit at midnight. There are only 67 as of this posting.

That's it. That's all we know as of 8:30 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so nothing new to report.

The news on Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) sounds more like a weather report, the low overnight was 67 the high today was 94. At midnight, the count was 86. Tomorrow's high is projected to be 102.

Remember, your candles go out after 48 hours.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[CookingwithMary]

Kitchen Guy, any idea if Paige's family checks the Candle site? Just wondering.

Thanks for keeping us all updated.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Yes, they do.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case this week, so there is nothing new to report.

The news on Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) continues to sound more like a weather report, the low overnight was 86 the high yesterday was 109. At midnight, the count was 111. Tomorrow's high is projected to be 74.

Remember, your candles go out after 48 hours.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case this weekend, so there is nothing new to report.

As for Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), you guys sure messed up the appearance of a weather report, making me look like a goof and, for once, I'm pleased to look like a goof! The high count yesterday was 144! At midnight, the count was 138. Tomorrow's high? I'm just not going to guess because the counts always seem to go down on the weekends.

Remember, your candles go out after 48 hours.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:30 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case over the weekend, so there is nothing new to report.

The news on Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) wonderful this weekend! Saturday afternoon, the count reached 144. Today, we reached 156 candles from 4 countries. There were 136 at midnight. It is heartwarming to know that so many of you thought of Paige on Mothers' Day.

Remember, your candles go out after 48 hours.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:30 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so there is nothing new to report.

The news on Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we're still down from over the weekend. We had 129 at midnight.

Remember, your candles go out after 48 hours.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

I'm so enthused with the news on Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) as of this posting, we are back up to 131. While we were up over 150 candles over the weekend, it was just a week about that we were down to 64 candles.

Remember, your candles go out after 48 hours.

Oh, yes, the whole reason for these updates...there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so nothing new to report.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Well, there's still no news and no developments in Paige's case, so nothing new to report.

In the area of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), there are 121 candles as of this posting.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so there is nothing new to report.

The news on Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we're down considerably to 86 at midnight.

Tired of me reminding you that your candles go out after 48 hours?

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

The search resumes for Paige Birgfeld

Posted: May 15, 2008 06:45 PM EDT
Source: KJCT TV Grand Junction (http://kjct8.com/Global/story.asp?S=8332498) (Video available on the site, follow the link)

It's been almost a year since Paige Birgfeld disappeared.

Mesa County Sheriff's investigators suspect foul play--and many questions remain about her disappearance.

Today...her father says he is still searching for answers and he won't give up.

Last summer searches cowered parts of Western Colorado. They turned up clues...but no sign of Paige.

Now that spring has arrived, Paige's father says he is ready to begin searching again.

Frank Birgfeld told KJCT that over the fall and winter he did a lot of planning and research. Examining maps of the area...and gathering ideas for new places to look for his daughter.

Birgfeld says most search efforts will be organized by the Abby and Jennifer Foundation.

"It's not just a matter of gathering a bunch of people saying go look where you want and be back at 4 o'clock. It's much more picking out spots having ample manpower so that when you are finished you can say there is nothing there," Frank said.

The Abby and Jennifer Foundation will be doing a search this Saturday. Volunteers should meet at Canyon View Park at 9:30.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Well, the story is out (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/new-development-case-paige-birgfeld-37420/). The search for Paige resumes today in Grand Junction. The search is being conducted by the Abby and Jennifer Recovery Foundation. According to Frank Birgfeld, Paige's father, he has been planning this day all Winter.

The story was covered by KJCT Television in Grand Junction (http://kjct8.com/Global/story.asp?S=8332498), and there is a video story you can see by following the link.

In other news, there are 109 Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) as of midnight - this reporter lit one for the searchers.

No other news, but this is heartening news for all of us.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[ChefNic]

KG...I read your posts EVERY NIGHT...hoping for good news.

I want to say THANK YOU for all you do to keep us update on Paige.
I don't post much lately, but I think of Paige daily!
...and part of that is YOUR nightly posts that I get thru emails.

I've lite candles ...because you remind us that they burn out after 48 hours...

You put time, effort, and HEART into this...and for that we Cheffers and Paige's family are SO GRATEFUL!!
Thank you KG!

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

The most interesting piece of this puzzle is located at the end of this report:

Search for Paige Birgfeld Continues Saturday

Source: KKCO Television, Grand Junction (http://www.nbc11news.com/home/headlines/19012529.html) (Video Available - Follow the Link)

It's been more than 11 months since Grand Junction woman Paige Birgfeld was first reported missing. Although she has not been found, friends and family of the mother of three say now, they're more determined than ever to find her.

It was a common sight last summer -- search teams scouring the Western Slope, working tirelessly to find Paige Birgfeld. Now, almost a year later, crews say that drive to find her is still there.

"She didn't disappear off the face of the earth, she's out there somewhere," said Connie Flukey, Head of the Abby & Jennifer Recovery Foundation. "Obviously we've all missed her."

Members of the Abby & Jennifer Foundation say now that the snow has melted, and that they've helped Frank Birgfeld sell his daughter's million dollar home, now is the time to start the search again.

"Seeing them have to leave their daughter's home -- Frank will not go home until he finds her," said Flukey. "So I am determined. I have passion. I will help this man get his life back."

The foundation is staging a massive search effort Saturday morning. Volunteers will meet at Canyon View Park at 9:30am. Organizers are asking volunteers to bring a sack lunch and a water bottle.

"Anyone is welcome to come," said Flukey. "I definitely know people still want to get involved and we would appreciate it."

Flukey says last time a search this big was organized was back in September. Then, she says, the focus was to find objects or clues that might lead to Paige's whereabouts. But as new tips, leads, and other hints have become available, that focus has changed.

"Now it's a totally different search," said Flukey. "We'll probably be expanding it past the yards where we went before and it will be a little more thorough."

New efforts that she hopes will lead them to Paige.

"I'm hoping we find her quick," said Flukey. "If we don't, I just pray to God that some way, somebody is led to her and this is all over for the family."

Family and friends of a Grand Junction woman missing for nearly 11 months are again combing several areas hoping to find her.

Paige Birgfeld's father, Frank Birgfeld, says now that the snow has melted finding the missing mother of three is again his top priority. He has sold her home and will be living in Grand Junction, both of which he says will give him more time to search.

The Jennifer and Abby Foundation also says it will resume search efforts for Paige Saturday morning. The group is asking volunteers to meet at Canyon View Park at 9:30am, and to bring a bag lunch and water.

The group says it plans on doing a more thorough search of areas they've checked before, and will look in new areas they think could be connected to Paige.

Frank Birgfeld tells 11 News he is searching with one other person in an undisclosed location today.

[Chef Endora]

110 Candles......

[whiteyteresa]

This was just googled to me

Google News Alert for: "Paige" "Grand Junction"

Search for Paige Birkfeld resumes
KJCT8.com - Grand Junction,CO,USA
BY SARA GOLDENBERG GRAND JUNCTION (KJCT)- Paige Birgfeld, a mother of three children, has been missing for 324 days. Her father, Frank Birgfeld, ...
See all stories on this topic

Search for Paige Birkfeld resumes

Posted: May 17, 2008 07:19 PM EDT

Updated: May 17, 2008 07:57 PM EDT

BY SARA GOLDENBERG
SGOLDENBERG@KJCT8.COM

GRAND JUNCTION (KJCT)- Paige Birgfeld, a mother of three children, has been missing for 324 days. Her father, Frank Birgfeld, has not given up hope that he'll find answers in his daughter's disappearance.

10 months and 19 days from the day she went missing, he joined volunteers as they searched the Grand Valley for clues.

But this search was different from searches we saw last year. The search teams did some back-tracking of places they had searched before.

They went back to specific places, and were not expecting to find a body.

"You just see this vast territory and you wanna say, where do I even start?" said Frank Birgfeld.

He's gone on countless searches looking for his daughter. He won't say he's confident he'll find her. But he says he can still hope.

"I wish I hadn't had to learn the positives this way, it would've been better in a book. But there are a lot of positives," he said.

A dozen volunteers, all familiar now to Frank, returned with determination to find Paige.

"We still have hope. She's out there somewhere. We have not found her, somebody has not found her, but she's out there," said Connie Flukey of the Abby & Jennifer Recovery Foundation.

Frank says most volunteers didn't even know Paige. They spent the winter poring over maps and deciding where to look next.

"At the end of the night I don't seem any closer, but the next day I get up and do it again," he said.

Frank keeps going because he says it's just "the thing to do".

"Whoever did this to Paige is still out there. And the question is, who's next?"

With the help of the community, he hopes now is the time to find her.

"We're coming, and there's somebody out there that felt entitled to take her life. We're going to find her because that person needs to be put away and his family needs closure," said Flukey.

Frank says there will be more searches in the next weeks, and every place they don't find Paige could lead them closer.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Search resumes for woman missing almost 1 year

Source: KUSA-TV (http://www.9news.com/news/local/article.aspx?storyid=91972)

GRAND JUNCTION - Searchers resumed looking for a missing Grand Junction mother of three on Saturday.

Paige Birgfeld has been missing since June 28, 2007. Her car was found burned a few days later.

Organizers of Saturday's search say the search was resumed Saturday because the snow in the area had melted and they wanted to wait for Birgfeld's house to sell.

Lester Ralph Jones of Grand Junction has been named the sole suspect in the missing woman's disappearance. Jones was sentenced to five years in prison in 1999, for attempted kidnapping and assault. He was released in 2001.

Anyone with information on Birgfeld's whereabouts can call 303-886-5632.

(Copyright KUSA*TV, All Rights Reserved)

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

The Search Continues For Paige Birgfeld

Posted on May 17, 2008 by David Dietrich
Source: KREX-TV (http://www.krextv.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2588)


The search continues for Paige Birgfeld, and with warm weather finally here, her father, Frank Birgfeld and volunteers are hard at work searching new locations.

For months, Paige's family has been holding on and hoping for the best.

With these new searches underway, Frank says they're taking a precise approach to the new locations of interests.

The Birgfelds have been working behind the scenes with the Jennifer and Abby Recovery Foundation and today the group has re-ignited a search effort for Paige who has been missing for almost a year.

If you would like to help in the search for Paige you can contact Connie Flukey with the Jennifer and Abby Recovery foundation at 245-1567.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

The search did not reveal anything, however, the search will continue.

Friends, Family Continue Searching for Missing Grand Junction Woman

Posted: 7:29 PM May 17, 2008
Last Updated: 8:02 PM May 17, 2008
Reporter: Tim Ciesco
Source: KKCO-TV (http://www.nbc11news.com/home/headlines/19046939.html)
Video Available - Follow the Link

t has been almost a year since Grand Junction woman Paige Birgfeld was first reported missing. But friends and family say they haven't given up hope that they'll find her. Now that the snow has melted, and Paige's estate has been sold, they say the time to start searching again is now.

"We talked about how weird it felt to wake up this morning," said Andrea Land, a friend of Paige. "It almost felt like we were waking up a year ago."

Land, a member of the Mom's Club Paige Birgfeld started, says not a day goes by that she doesn't miss her friend. She and other members of the club began searching with the Abby & Jennifer Recover Foundation last July after Paige was first reported missing.

When she heard that a new search was taking place, she says she didn't have to think twice about lending a helping hand.

"It was a relief to be able to come out and do something because the waiting has been hard," said Land.

No one knows that better than Paige's father, Frank Birgfeld. He says he hasn't stopped searching since day one, and that he won't stop until he finds his daughter.

"This is my life now," said Frank Birgfeld. "I really wish I could get in a different line of work."

Saturday morning, Frank and dozens of volunteers gathered at Canyon View Park before spreading out across the Grand Valley to look for her. This time around, Frank says they have a new strategy.

"We're trying to back track in some areas we've already looked at," said Frank Birgfeld. "We've seen some holes and some things, and we want to make sure that where we covered was all done."

So crews searched in the brush, along canals, and in wood piles, keeping an eye out for anything that might have overlooked. But just because nothing big turned up during their latest efforts, they say it doesn't mean they're ready to stop searching anytime soon.

"Even if we find one hair from her head and that gives us closure and is the evidence to prosecute someone, it's worth this time," said Land.

Crews say the one good thing that came from Saturday's search is that they're able to narrow down the list of places where Paige could still be.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Search for Paige Birgfeld resumes

Posted: May 17, 2008 07:19 PM
Updated: May 17, 2008 09:44 PM

Source: KJCT-TV (http://kjct8.com/Global/story.asp?S=8341713)

BY SARA GOLDENBERG
SGOLDENBERG@KJCT8.COM

GRAND JUNCTION (KJCT)- Paige Birgfeld, a mother of three children, has been missing for 324 days. Her father, Frank Birgfeld, has not given up hope that he'll find answers in his daughter's disappearance.

10 months and 19 days from the day she went missing, he joined volunteers as they searched the Grand Valley for clues.

But this search was different from searches we saw last year. The search teams did some back-tracking of places they had searched before.

They went back to specific places, and were not expecting to find a body.

"You just see this vast territory and you wanna say, where do I even start?" said Frank Birgfeld.

He's gone on countless searches looking for his daughter. He won't say he's confident he'll find her. But he says he can still hope.

"I wish I hadn't had to learn the positives this way, it would've been better in a book. But there are a lot of positives," he said.

A dozen volunteers, all familiar now to Frank, returned with determination to find Paige.

"We still have hope. She's out there somewhere. We have not found her, somebody has not found her, but she's out there," said Connie Flukey of the Abby & Jennifer Recovery Foundation.

Frank says most volunteers didn't even know Paige. They spent the winter poring over maps and deciding where to look next.

"At the end of the night I don't seem any closer, but the next day I get up and do it again," he said.

Frank keeps going because he says it's just "the thing to do".

"Whoever did this to Paige is still out there. And the question is, who's next?"

With the help of the community, he hopes now is the time to find her.

"We're coming, and there's somebody out there that felt entitled to take her life. We're going to find her because that person needs to be put away and his family needs closure," said Flukey.

Frank says there will be more searches in the next weeks, and every place they don't find Paige could lead them closer.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Search resumes for woman missing almost 1 year

written by: Colleen Locke , Producer
created: 5/17/2008 5:53:14 PM
Last updated: 5/17/2008 9:06:53 PM

Source: KUSA-TV (http://www.9news.com/news/article.aspx?storyid=91972)

GRAND JUNCTION - Searchers resumed looking for a missing Grand Junction mother of three on Saturday.

Paige Birgfeld has not been seen since June 28, 2007. Her car was found burned a few days later.

Searchers say they wanted the sale of her estate to be completed and the snow to melt before resuming large-scale efforts.

"It was a relief to be able to come out and do something because the waiting has been hard," Andrea Land, a friend of Paige Birgfeld said.

Birgfeld's father, Frank, was among the dozens of volunteers looking for clues on Saturday.

"This is my life now and I really wish I could get in a different line of work," said Frank Birgfeld.

Searchers went back over areas they've already looked to make sure nothing was missed.

"Even if we find one hair from her head and that gives us closure and the evidence to prosecute someone, it's worth this time," said Land.

Lester Ralph Jones of Grand Junction has been named the sole suspect in the missing woman's disappearance. Jones was sentenced to five years in prison in 1999, for attempted kidnapping and assault. He was released in 2001.

Anyone with information on Birgfeld's whereabouts can call 303-886-5632.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

The search on Saturday turned up no physical results, except the good news is that more search areas were eliminated. The search will conitnue.

Prior to the search, several news outlets covered the story on Thursday and Friday, many were listed here on Chef Success:

Search for Paige Birgfeld Continues Saturday (http://www.chefsuccess.com/457744-post5018.html)

Search for Paige Birkfeld[sic] Resumes (http://www.chefsuccess.com/457904-post5020.html)

Search Resumes for woman missing almost 1 year (http://www.chefsuccess.com/457910-post5021.html)

The Search Continues For Paige Birgfeld (http://www.chefsuccess.com/457912-post5022.html)

News about the search was also posted here:

Friends, Family Continue Searching for Missing Grand Junction Woman (http://www.chefsuccess.com/457966-post5023.html)

Search for Paige Birgfeld resumes (http://www.chefsuccess.com/457967-post5024.html)

Search resumes for woman missing almost 1 year (http://www.chefsuccess.com/457968-post5025.html)


In other news, Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) is at 107 candles as of this post.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:30 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Now that the AP has picked up on the story, it will likely appear in many more locations.

Dad, helpers renew search for missing Grand Junction woman

Associated Press - May 18, 2008 1:24 PM ET

Copyrighted Article can be seen on the website of KRDO-TV (http://www.krdo.com/Global/story.asp?S=8343000)

[AJPratt]

I am glad to see this getting some attention. I wish it were the case for others that go missing as well. I just really hope they find her.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Search for missing Grand Junction woman renewed

Steve Lynn
Vail, CO Colorado
May 18, 2008
Source: Ski-Hi Daily News (http://www.skyhidailynews.com/article/VD/20080518/NEWS/255679724/-1/REGIONAL_NEWS)

GRAND JUNCTION, Colorado — Family members and volunteers have resumed the search for a missing Grand Junction woman nearly a year after she disappeared.

Thirty-four-year-old Paige Birgfeld was last seen in late June. Her father, Frank Birgfeld, and about a dozen volunteers returned over the weekend to several sites they searched last year to see if they missed anything.

Birgfeld had three children and was divorced twice. Friends and family have described her as a devoted mother who sold kitchen products and held other jobs to support her three children.

Authorities said Birgfeld also had an escort service, a discovery that surprised many who knew her.

No arrests have been made.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Note...the above article ^ ^ ^ has been widely distributed and is showing up in many places. In the last few minutes, I found it on the website of a Colorado Springs television news organization - word for word.

I am not going to repost it here - and please be careful when you wish to post a news article about Paige. Look and see - it may very well have already been posted from another news outlet.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Well, quite a weekend, wasn't it?

Unless you've been living in a cave for the last two days, you already know that the search for Paige has resumed. In conjunction with Paige's parents, Frank and Suzie, the Abby and Jennifer Recovery Foundation ran the search. While nothing was found, more areas can be marked as searched and move on to new ground.

You can read this thread beginning with Post #5015 and follow the thread to this point and see all the media reports about the search.

In other news, Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) had reached 96 candles as of this post. As you know, the count usually goes down over the weekend.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[linojackie]

I have been busy for the last couple of days, so I wasn't able to log in and check this thread. After who knows how many days of No new developments, that's it, that's all we know - I was really glad to see this. I just hope they find SOMETHING...ANYTHING!!!

[nicke1215]

I, too, am glad that they have resumed the search for Paige. I sure hope that they will find anything to bring this family some sort of closure. I just can't even imagine....:(

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Bear in mind that the only reasons the searches ended, and have restarted, is weather. The intensity of missing Paige has not been turned down one notch.

Nicole, and anyone else who is kinda new around here, or anyone else who wants to know the story, follow the link at the bottom of my sig and you'll find a condensed version of Paige's story on Help Find The Missing.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Here's another part of the story that hasn't been printed anywhere else, at least, that I've found. This may, or may not, be part of the AP story that is being left out of most papers. This excerpt appeared in the Aspen Times (http://www.aspentimes.com/article/20080519/NEWS/263141136).

On Saturday, Frank Birgfeld and several volunteers returned to places they had already searched, looking through brush, along canals and in wood piles for anything that might have been overlooked.

They said they didn’t find anything noteworthy.

Paige Birgfeld’s burned-out car was found in July, a few miles from her home. Police later found a gun about a half-mile from where the car was, and they have also recovered some of her belongings, although they have not described them.

Dive teams and a sonar-equipped boat searched about 15 miles of the Gunnison River in August.

Over the winter, volunteers looked over maps to decide where to look when spring came.

“It was a relief to be able to come out and do something because the waiting has been hard,” said Andrea Land, a friend of the missing woman.

Frank Birgfeld said he often feels he’s not making any progress. “At the end of the night I don’t seem any closer, but the next day I get up and do it again,” he said.

[ivykeep]

Thank you for the continued updates... she lives in my heart and mind every single day and I am praying she is found soon.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

It has come to my attention that CBS News will pre-empt this Saturday's edition of 48 Hours Mystery to broadcast the episode about Paige that has been under development for several weeks. (May 24, 2008.) The time is 10/9 East/Central. Check your local listings.

The announced episode is called Puppet Master but it is to be replaced with the Paige episode. (Your local listings will show Puppet Master since these listings are published weeks in advance.)

This is subject to change!

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

After a very eventful weekend, we kind of expected the Paige story to cool a little bit.

It didn't.

We've been given the word that CBS News plans to pre-empt the originally scheduled episode this Saturday, Puppet Master, to broadcast the Paige episode that has been under development for several weeks now. Be sure to watch, BS, 10/9 PM Eastern/Central. Check your local listings.

Over in the area of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are currently at 103. Remember, your candles go out after 48 hours.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

False alarm. The episode featuring Paige is NOT going to air this weekend. We were provided with incorrect data and for this, I apologize.

The episode is now scheduled to air on June 10.

Sorry for the confusion.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Other than the rescheduling of CBS News' 48 Hours Mystery, there was nothing new yesterday. (The show will air on June 10.)

In Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are currently at 91 candles.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[Chef Endora]

105 candles

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Happy Dayafter Hump Day...and the middle of the week also means that things after a couple of days of action, there was no action.

In Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), there were 106 candles lit at the time of this posting. Remember, your candles go out after 48 hours.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Things remain quiet after the rush of activity earlier this week, there was no action yesterday.

In Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), there were 101 candles lit at the time of this posting. Remember, your candles go out after 48 hours.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

After all the activity earlier this week, it seems anticlimactic to end the week on a wimper, but there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday.

We do know that Jean's mother in law is coming to visit, Kacey is considering a do-over and Kelly has (had?) mice and we know that your's truly has some good mother in law jokes, a fried mouse and an annoyingly tasteful photo of Burt Reynolds.

In Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we're down to 74 candles lit at the time of this posting. Remember, your candles go out after 48 hours.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[PamperedTre]

I am terribly sorry for all of you who miss your dear friend.

Can someone tell me what Candles for Paige is? I'd love to help if I can.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Click on the link in the update posts, and you will be taken to a website where you can light virtual candles. The link in our posts will take you to an area of the site that is dedicated to Paige.

If you click on a lit candle, you will see who lit the candle and what they said about her. While you're looking at a lit candle, you can choose to open a "Mini Candle," which is a miniature web browser that will keep a lit candle on your desktop. Since candles expire after 48 hours, it's a good reminder to keep a candle burning on your desktop.

To light a candle, click on one of the unlit candles. You will be asked to post a message, which is optional because you don't have to say anything, and put a name or your initials. Continue to the next page and verify your location, then click on the candle to light it. It's all quite simple, really.

If you haven't already done so, if you click on the link at the bottom of my post, you'll be taken to the blog area of a website called Help Find The Missing (http://helpfindthemissing.org/index.html). There you will find a condensed version of Paige's story.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

The weekend remains quiet as every weekend does. There were no new developments yesterday.

In Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), also usually down on weekends, we're down to 76 candles lit at the time of this posting. Remember, your candles go out after 48 hours.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Weekends are always quiet, and as we've discussed before, comprised of days that are known by the term "slow news days." Memorial Day Weekend seems to exacerbate the phenomenon, as there is nothing going on this weekend in the case of Paige Birgfeld.

On the website that hosts Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), the count is holding unusually high for a weekend at 100 lit candles. Remember, you candle goes out after 48 hours and can be relit.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

The long weekend finished as slow as it started for news in Paige's case. There was no news yesterday, no new developments, nothing.

In the are of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), well, you know the total always drops off over the weekend. With the three day holiday, I really expected the total of lit candles to plummet but things really picked up over the weekend. You guys were terrific as the lighting of candles climbed to 128 as of this posting.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so nothing new to report.

In news on Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) as of this posting, you are doing a great job of remembering Paige via candles. The last few days, especially over the long holiday weekend, you kept the count over 100 and as of this posting, we have 120 candles lit. Remember, your candles go out after 48 hours.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[nana45]

Today marks 11 months since Paige disappeared. In the last month, her children faced her birthday and Mother's Day. Both without her.

Light a candle for them. They miss their mother.

[chefann]

We miss her, too. It's hard to believe it's been 11 months already.

*heading off to light another candle... and a real one... *

[pamperedlinda]

Yes, it doesn't seem that long. I'm sure her family feels as though it's been an eternity.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no developments, except that we overlooked that it has been 11 months since Paige's disappearance. That was brought home by this reminder:

Today marks 11 months since Paige disappeared. In the last month, her children faced her birthday and Mother's Day. Both without her.

Light a candle for them. They miss their mother.

Speaking of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), the total has dropped to 98 candles. Let's all follow Nana's request and light candles for Paige and her children. Remember that candles go out after 48 hours.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

This is traditional Memorial Day - or Decoration Day as it was originally called.

Hard to believe that both another week is over and another month is about over. It's also hard to believe that Paige has been missing for over 11 months. There was nothing new yesterday, no new developments.

In Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), some of you are lighting additional candles for Paige's children, so as of this posting, there are 109 candles.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so nothing new to report as we lead into the weekend.

In news on Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), this week, we were reminded that Paige has now been missing for over 11 months. We've also been requested to remember Paige and her three children via candles. It's been pretty good but last night, the count dropped and as of this posting, we're down to 88.

Be sure to light 4 candles for Paige and her children and, remember, your candles go out after 48 hours.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Weekends are always quiet, and as we've discussed before, comprised of days that are known by the term "slow news days," as there is nothing going on this weekend in the case of Paige Birgfeld.

On the website that hosts Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), the count is holding unusually high for a weekend. Earlier this week, we were reminded that Paige has been missing for more than 11 months, so we are also remembering to light candles for her three children, too. Currently, there are 110 candles lit. Remember, you candle goes out after 48 hours and can be relit.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

The weekend comes to an end, still quiet, and the weekends continue to live down to the term of "slow news days," as nothing happened this weekend in the case of Paige.

On candle website that hosts Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), the count is holding unusually high for a weekend. Earlier this week, we were reminded that Paige has been missing for more than 11 months, so we are also remembering to light candles for her three children, too. Currently, there are 111 candles lit. Remember, you candle goes out after 48 hours and can be relit.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), the total has dropped to 41 candles. Remember that candles go out after 48 hours.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we still only have 78 candles. Remember to light candles for Paige and her three children, and that candles go out after 48 hours.

On this day in history...in 1942, the Battle of Midway began. The battle turned the tide of WWII in the Pacific. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor the previous December had failed to knock out the American aircraft carriers that were out on maneuvers. The Japanese planned another surprise attack on Midway, but the Americans had broken the Japanese code and wer forewarned. The loss was devastating for the Japanese and from there forward, they were no longer on the offensive and were on defense until the end of the war.

Also on this day...in 1896, Henry Ford test drove his first car, The Quadricycle, behind his home in Detroit. The rest is history.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are back up to 103 candles. Remember to light candles for Paige and her three children, and that candles go out after 48 hours.

On this day in history...in 1933, president Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed a bill that took the United States off of the gold standard. Since 1879, currency had been backed by gold reserves in Fort Knox. During the depression, people were hoarding gold, making the system untenable. It became illegal for Americans to own gold bullion until Gerald Ford signed legislation in 1971 that allowed owning of bullion again.

Also on this day...in 1968, Robert Kennedy was shot and killed, by Sirhan Sirhan, after Kennedy won the California Presidential Primary.

Also on this day...in 2004, President Ronald Reagan passed away after a long battle with Alzheimer's.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

48 Hours Mystery
The Secret Life of Paige Birgfeld

Tue, Jun 10, 9:00/8:00 PM Run Time: 60 min.

Genre: Talk

* NEW
* CC
* STEREO

Authorities uncover a young mother's secret life while investigating her disappearance.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

'48 Hours' airs Birgfeld story

By Paul Shockley - Grand Junction Free Press (http://gjfreepress.com/article/20080605/COMMUNITY_NEWS/679742869)
Grand Junction, CO, Colorado
June 5, 2008

So where’s Paige Birgfeld?

“I wish we knew,” “48 Hours” executive producer Susan Zirinsky said during an interview Wednesday.

“One thing is totally clear to me despite what any defense attorney will say: It’s impossible she just walked away from her life.”

Approaching a year since the 34-year-old mother of three children disappeared, Zirinsky’s true-crime program is about to take the mystery to a national audience.

About 11 months in the making tracking the Birgfeld case, CBS’ “48 Hours: Vanished” is scheduled to air next Tuesday, June 10, at 8 p.m. local time.

“We definitely have some interesting new information,” Zirinksy said. “Sometimes when you have a story even on regional interest, when you stop and put everything together it takes on a life of its own.”

Birgfeld, who led a double life running her own escort service, was last heard from June 28, 2007, returning to Grand Junction from Eagle after spending the day with her first husband, Howard Beigler.

Birgfeld’s Ford Focus was found the night of July 1, burning in a parking lot at 727 23 Road, kicking off months of extensive searching that included a suspect’s home and life being scoured by investigators, but bringing no resolution.

Zirinsky said her staff arrived in July interviewing various players in the case, before returning again in February.

“For the most part when we take something on, we don’t know where it’s going to lead, but there’s resolution in our scope,” she said. “We had none of those guarantees coming into this.”

The Mesa County Sheriff’s Office in October named 57-year-old mechanic Lester Ralph Jones as the lone suspect in Birgfeld’s case.

Seven months later, authorities say nothing’s changed but haven’t brought charges. Jones’ pickup truck remains impounded as evidence at the sheriff’s office.

Zirinsky said Jones, Beigler and Birgfeld’s second husband, Rob Dixon, all declined to be interviewed for the “48 Hours” story.

But they aren’t the story, she said.

“This is about a person, family relations and a community,” Zirinsky said.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

The news about CBS News 48 Hours Mystery episode about Paige's case airing next Tuesday has made the AP Wires. The story is everywhere, a typical version is listed above this update. Other than that, there were no other developments yesterday. No other news, no other developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are back down to 59 candles. Remember to light candles for Paige and her three children, and that candles go out after 48 hours.

On this day in history...in 1944, D-Day, the invasion of Europe by Allied Forces was launched against German forces in Normandy, France. It was the largest amphibious invasion in history, requiring great planning, good weather and flawless execution. Of course, except for the planning, none of those things happened. Still, with great tenacity and typical ingenuity, by nightfall, 155,000 allied troops were on shore. By the end of June, 850,000 troops were in France and Hitler's Wermacht was doomed.

One of the overlooked stories of D-Day was the dummy operation of a fictitious army in Northern England, led by General George Patton. A huge fleet of tanks, half tracks, jeeps, artillery, and equipment were staged for an invasion in Northern France. The entire operation was disinformation, the Germans were aware of Patton's army and aerial reconnaissance photos confirmed the army to the Wermacht. What they did not know is that all of the equipment was made out of rubber - the tanks and jeeps were nothing more than giant balloons. Hitler bought it, hook line and sinker, and reinforced the beaches of Northern France. He was so convinced by the ruse that he believed the real invasion was a feint, until it was too late and the Allies were on shore.

The best movie about the D-Day invasion is still The Longest Day. While Saving Private Ryan may have a nauseatingly accurate depiction of the invasion, the rest of the movie is fiction. The Longest Day is based on a book, of the same title, that gives an accurate portrayal of the invasion.

Also on this day...in 1933, the first drive-in theater opened in Camden, NJ and the baby boom got a decade head start. ;) At one time, drive-in movies were a common site across the country, but changing tastes made them obsolete. Today, only a handful exist.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

I've added a comment about Paige and 48 Hours on my blog (http://www.jrmanning.com/). Feel free to visit and comment, if you like.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Pay attention to the last line of the article.

48 Hours to feature Birgfeld case Tuesday


Grand Junction Daily Sentinel (http://www.gjsentinel.com/news/content/news/stories/2008/06/04/060508_5B_48_Hours.html)
Wednesday, June 04, 2008

A national news program will air next week about the disappearance of Paige Birgfeld, a Grand Junction mother and escort service operator who has been missing for nearly a year.

The CBS news program “48 Hours” will air an hourlong segment on the Birgfeld disappearance at 7 p.m. Tuesday.

The 34-year-old woman was last seen June 28, 2007, in Eagle, where she drove for a liaison with her first husband. Police didn’t learn until June 30 that she hadn’t returned to her home in Grand Junction.

A day later, her vehicle was found burning in a business parking lot about two miles from her home and across the street from a business where Lester Ralph Jones worked.

Birgfeld, a mother of three who worked as a Pampered Chef consultant, led a secret life as an escort and exotic dancer, and authorities have said Jones was one of her customers.

Jones has been named a suspect in Birgfeld’s disappearance, but no arrests have been made.

“48 Hours” spent time filming and conducting interviews in Grand Junction in March. Tuesday’s show will feature interviews with family, friends and sources close to the investigation.

A producer for the show could not be reached for comment Wednesday.

This is the second time in the past few years a Grand Junction criminal investigation has been featured on “48 Hours.” The Michael Blagg murder case was previously highlighted on the program.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 82 candles. Remember to light candles for Paige and her three children, and that candles go out after 48 hours. That's two days, not the television show.

On this day in history...in 1913, Hudson Struck lead the first successful ascent of Mt. McKinley, the highest point on the American continent at 20,320 feet.

On this date...in 1917, Dino Paul Crocetti was born in Steubenville, Ohio. The prizefighter and steelworker perfected a nightclub act in 1946, and went on to some fame as Dean Martin. (Ohio 7 is named for him in Steubenville.)

On this date...in 1776, Richard Henry Lee, notable member of the Lees of Virginia, introduced a resolution into the Continental Congress. The resolution read, "That these United Colonies are, and of right out to be, free and independent States, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved; that measures should be immediately taken for procuring the assistance of foreign powers, and a Confederation be formed to bind the colonies more closely together.” The resolution was seconded by John Adams of Massachusetts.

When it became obvious that a long and heated debate was to follow, a vote was postponed until July 1 and a committee was appointed to write a declaration. The committee consisted of John Adams, Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania, Roger Sherman of Connecticut, Robert R. Livingston of New York, and Thomas Jefferson of Virginia. The best writers of the group were Adams and Jefferson, but Adams, with a reputation for being obnoxious and unpopular (his own words) deferred to Jefferson, who wrote a masterpiece.

Adams and Jefferson, although separated by many miles and completely opposite political views, remained lifelong friends, writing letters to each other daily. As if planned for a Hollywood script, on July 4, 1826, both Jefferson and Adams died just hours apart.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

When you wish to light a candle for Paige...follow these simple steps.


Click on this link: Candles For Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige)
You'll be taken to the Website - click on one of the unlit candles.
Answer question on your own, click Continue
Enter your message (Optional)
Enter your initials or identifier - also optional. You may remain anonymous if you prefer
Click "Continue"
On the next page, identify your state
Enter your name to identify your candle (Optional)
Click Continue
Click on the wick to light the candle
Click Continue
Enter Yes to ask a friend to view your candle, or click no to move on
Click Return to Candles


That's pretty much it - remember to come back and relight your candle(s) after 48 hours.

[dannyzmom]

112 candles right now

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday and with no news, there were no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are back up to 134 candles. Remember to light candles for Paige and her three children, and that candles go out after 48 hours.

On this day in history...in 1966, the National Football League announced a merger with the rival American Football League. A game between the champions of the NFL and AFL was held in January of 1967, at the completion of the season. The Green Bay Packers, led by MVP Bart Starr and head coach Vince Lombardi, defeated the AFL Champion Kansas City Chiefs. It would take until the 1970 season for the NFL to absorb all 8 AFL teams into the AFC, and move three teams from the NFC to the AFC to balance the schedule and for the two leagues to integrate their seasons. The NFL-AFL Championship Game would be renamed the Superbowl in 1969, the champion's trophy was renamed for Vince Lombardi and the Superbowl is now has the largerst viewership of any sporting event in the world.

On this day...in 1968, James Earl Ray, an escaped American convict, was arrested in London, England, and charged with the assassination of African American civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case over the weekend. No news, no new developments. Be sure to watch her story on CBS News 58 Hours on Tuesday evening, 9 EDT/8 CDT.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), there are currently 112 candles. Remember to light candles for Paige and her three children, and that candles go out after 48 hours. That's two days, not the television show.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this day in history...in 1870, Charles Dickens died in London, of a stroke. He was only 58.

On this day...in 1973, Secretariat ran away with the Belmont Stakes to become the first winner of the Triple Crown since Citation in 1948.

On this day...in 1934, Donald Duck made his screen debut in a Disney short called The Wise Little Hen.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

The Secret Life Of Paige Birgfeld

Link: CBS News (http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/06/08/48hours/main4162450.shtml) Follow the link to see the promo video.

(CBS) When Paige Birgfeld’s family got the call that she was missing, no one was prepared for the revelations the investigation would unearth.

Birgfeld, 34, was a devoted mother of three, who lived in a beautiful home in an upscale Colorado neighborhood when she suddenly disappeared. The tireless hunt for Birgfeld, which included specialty divers and countless community volunteers, became more troubling when police discovered her car in flames.

Immediately, the investigation turned to the twice-divorced Birgfeld’s ex-husbands, but they were soon dismissed as possible suspects. That’s when the probe took the most shocking turn. Paige Birgfeld, doting mother, pre-school dance teacher and beloved community member, was a high-priced escort known to her clients as "Carrie."

As stunning as it was, it was the emergence of Birgfeld’s secret life that would eventually help police zero in on a suspect, a local mechanic with a record of violence who was also a client of hers. Now, with a suspect, but no body, authorities are reluctant to release any other information to the public.

Sources close to the investigation speak with 48 Hours and reveal insider information about the evidence linking the suspect to Birgfeld, in correspondent Harold Dow's report, Tuesday, June 10, at 9 p.m. ET/PT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no real new developments in Paige's case, although CBS did issue a release that you can see above this post. Follow the link in the release to see the promo video.

Be sure to watch her story, TONIGHT, on CBS News 48 Hours on Tuesday evening, 9 EDT/8 CDT.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 78 candles. Remember to light candles for Paige and her three children, and that candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in history...

...in 1752, Benjamin Franklin flew a kite during a thunderstorm in an attempt to prove his theory that lightning is electricity. His kite string had a key on it, and the lightning charge was stored in a Leyden jar. He had become interested in electicity in the previous decade and performed many experiments. He invented the lightning rod and coined many terms still used today, such as electrician, conductor and battery. While he is also remembered for his many inventions and pithy sayings in Poor Richard's Almanac, today he is mostly known for having his portrait on the $100 bill. (You can also find him on the back of the $2 bill as the Declaration Committee presents the Declaration of Independence to Congress.

...in 1775, John Adams proposed the Continental Army.

...in 1922, Francis Gumm was born in Grand Rapids, Minnesota and started her show business career, singing with the Gumm Sisters, at the age of two. She will be forever remembered as Dorothy, following the Yellow Brick Road, after her name was changed to Judy Garland.

...in 1692, Bridget Bishop becomes the first colonist in Salem, Massachusetts to be tired, convicted and executed for the crime of witchcraft. More likely, she was convicted for being of dubious character, flashy dress (we're talking Puritans here, you know) going to taverns and having been married three times. 19 innocent women and men would be executed as witches before Governor William Phipps disbanded the kangaroo court, released those awaiting trial and he pardoned those on death row.

...in 1935, the friends of Bill W. got their own organization, and a tip of the hat to those of you who were in Akron last weekend. If you have to ask, you don't need to know.

Watch the space below this post for something special later today.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Another promo for 48 Hours tonight.

KREX-TV (http://www.krextv.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2847) Grand Junction.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

I received this touching piece about Paige, written by one of her close friends, via email earlier this week. With her permission, I am posting it here for all of you to see.

Cheffers, I would like to introduce to you Jaime Silvernail, of Grand Junction and friend of Paige.
----------------
Some of you may remember my dear friend, Paige, who went missing almost a year ago. "Went missing" is the official way of putting it, but those who know her, know the true story is that she was abducted. The media jumped on her story, mainly because of the unknown aspects of her life that made for good TV drama.

Just to take care of that white elephant in the room, she is a single mom of 3 who worked several jobs to simply try and keep a roof over their head and food on the table after her ex-husband left HER up to her eyeballs in debt from all the times he refinanced the house...under her name.

I want to clear the air about a few other things before going any further: the relationship between her second husband (father of all 3 kids) and her was an abusive one and like many abusive relationships, he had a hold on her that caused much strain even after she finally built her courage up enough to give him the boot. One example of the hold he had was using her credit for all the bills after he ruined his.

If you have followed this story at all, you are aware that Paige lived in a million dollar home but the part you probably don't know is that she tried for over a year to sell the house to get out from under it. Even the best offer would have left her with a quarter million dollar debt from it.

So here comes that revelation [which runs counter to] the seedy side the TV is focusing on. PAIGE IS BEAUTIFUL, and resorted back to a lifestyle she was familiar with to make ends meet. In her pre-mom/wife days, Paige was an exotic dancer, so she fell back on what was most lucrative. Paige became an escort. Now this job seems to be the most aired part of her life, but the fact is that Paige actually had 4 other jobs to try to make ends meet, and she would do other odd jobs when they became available if the hours worked around her kids.

That's right, through all of this mess, Paige's main concern was being there for her kids, all the time. She was there when they woke up, took them to school, all their extra-curricular activities and made sure they had home cooked meals often.

Now to those other jobs, the ones you probably won't hear about on TV.

Paige was a Director with The Pampered Chef. That is an accomplishment to be proud of and she brought in as much as $5000 a month doing this work.

Paige also sold Maya Wrap baby slings, helping her to be an advocate in an area near and dear to her heart, promoting breast feeding and close bonding with your children.

Paige also worked as a mystery shopper, which helped to not only pay the bills, but put groceries on the table, get necessary car maintenance and pay for those occasional meals out [that] every single mom enjoys.

But her pride and joy, job wise, was her baby Brain Dance. Paige worked with various local daycare centers teaching dance lessons to preschool age kids, in a way that was unique...think trying to pop bubbles with your toes as a way of learning to stretch for ballet. Smart, huh?! Now a few of these daycare centers were low income, and Paige didn't want these kids to miss out, so she bought the necessary tap shoes and leotards so the students could participate despite the struggles their families faced at home financially. Oh, on top of it all, she made all the costumes for the recitals and then kept them to use in class to dress up and act the part in the dance lessons. I wonder how many minutes of airtime this part of her story will get?

So, why am I spewing all of this now, almost one year later? Well, one of the networks that had an interest in her story will be airing their "investigative show" this coming Tuesday, June 10. While I am excited that this will bring attention back to Paige's case, maybe pushing someone over the edge and finally getting them to break down and share what they know (possibly the one clue we need to find her) I have also seen some of the other shows and am leery to see how MY friend is portrayed.

ABC aired a story on her last year, a few months after she disappeared and did a real smear job on her. Her true friends, the ones who have known her for years and in some cases, decades, as well as her family (you know, those who've known her all her life) were given but a few minutes to share their knowledge and thoughts on Paige while some local "hooker" was given twice the time to promote her business, oh sorry, to share her "knowledge" about how far Paige went for her clients.

Hmmm...who's motives were truer, the people who love her, know her and were around her every day and knew the many aspects of her life? Or someone who heard through the grapevine that she "went all the way" who is in the same line of work, probably benefiting from her air time.

So, needless to say, I am a little peeved at the way she's been portrayed. Oh, and those 24 hours networks? They did a real number on her, too. I had much respect for Gretta Van Sustren of Fox News until she cut the people she interviewed off so much that only her words and opinions came through on Paige.

CBS Early Show did an okay job, but again, not a lot of POSITIVE on this missing mother of 3 came out.

So, CBS will be airing it's 48 Hours:Vanished show on Paige this Tuesday, June 10, and I am eager to see just how much of the interviews they show and whether they try to focus on the POSITIVE like the friends and family asked. I wonder how much of the hour long show will be devoted to her case at all.

If you view this show, please keep in mind that the networks are out for ratings far more that truth and fairness. I am open to questions and would much rather someone ask me than assume or make a judgment based on a TV show.

Yes, I knew about her "other line of work". She was kind enough to offer for my family and I to stay with her while we looked for a home after my husband transferred out here from St Louis (even when we didn't know how long it would take). My husband had been out here for a few months while the rest of us remained in St Louis until some housing became available. Not wanting to see a family split up like that, she offered for us to move into her home while we continued our home search.

For a few months we lived together, caring for each other's kids, working together to help each other out and with that came knowledge of all aspects of each other's lives. She didn't hide it though, the question just never came up. I didn't know the financial details of her life, how in debt she was or how much she had to bring in each month, I just knew she was struggling.

Once I did know, I didn't judge. It's not my place. I haven't walked in her shoes. I am her friend and that doesn't change. I am there for my friends when they need me, isn't that what friendship is about?!

Also, keep praying!! Someone, somewhere knows something. We all want to see her brought home, no matter what condition. Her family needs closure and the perp who did this needs to be off the streets for sure.

--Jaime Silvernail

[Chef Endora]

98 as of this posting.

[yummybytes]

It's very strange. I haven't been on CS for a long time. For some reason tonight Paige jumped into my head. I never forget her, of course, but it was like really a strong sensation. I went and looked her up on google for the first time a while and saw that the whole 48 hours thing was happening.

I came back here after reading the overview on CBS (http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/06/08/48hours/main4162450.shtml), and lit a candle.

Thinking of you, Paige...

[katie0128]

We're coming, Paige!

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Yesterday was a pretty eventful day.

Unless you've been living in a cave for the last few days and not visiting here, you already know that the story of Paige ran on CBS 48 Hours Mystery last night. Many of you saw it, and I'm sure everyone is bursting with things to say about it.

I'll start. I think the story was tastefully done and well handled. It is not possible to cover up, or even whitewash Paige's secret life but CBS showed us that, in the overall scheme of things, the double life is just another piece in a great big puzzle. The emphasis on Paige being a dedicated mother was well done. The frequent returns to family and friends, especially to Frank, really brought home the fact that despite everything else, Paige is Frank's "...little girl."

There have been an incredible amount of guests viewing our site tonight, and nearly 400 guests online at any time over at Help Find The Missing. As I write this, there are 109 people viewing Paige's forum over there.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), there are currently 97 candles. Remember to light candles for Paige and her three children, and that candles go out after 48 hours. That's two days, not the television show.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

And in our other new feature...On This Day In History...

...in 1979, John Wayne passed away of cancer. The Hollywood icon starred in over 250 films. Born Marion Morrison in Winterset, Iowa, he was billed in his first movies as Duke Morrison. Well known for western and military roles, my favorite Wayne films are Donovan's Reef (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0057007/) and The Quiet Man (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0045061/).

...in 1977, Seattle Slew won the Belmont Stakes and retired as the only undefeated horse to win the Triple Crown.

...in 1509, Henry VIII married his first wife, starting a marital odyssey that has been a source of speculation and stage from Shakespeare to The Other Boleyn Girl.

...in 1950, Ben Hogan made a spectacular comeback to win the U.S. Open golf tournament. Just 16 months previous, Hogan barely escaped death when he and his wife were hit head-on by a Greyhound bus. Doctors worried he would never walk again, let alone play golf. Hogan and Tiger Woods are the only golfers to have won three out of the four current majors in one year, which Hogan did in 1953, after cheating death in 1949.

Well, that's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM EDT.

[lacychef]

We're coming, Paige!
OH my, that banner that said that on the show gave me goosebumps!

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

This appears to be a transcript of last night's broadcast. I am not posting it here because...

It's too long
It's copyright CBS News


Follow the link to read the rest of it.

Missing G.J. Woman Concealed Her Secret Life

Produced by Loen Kelley, Sara Ely Hulse and Ira Sutow

A special CBS 48 Hours report that aired Tuesday night focused on the secret life of missing Grand Junction woman Paige Birgfeld, who disappeared last summer.


Posted by: CBS4 Television (http://cbs4denver.com/seenon/birgfeld.paige.grand.2.746056.html)

GRAND JUNCTION, Colo. (CBS) By all accounts, 34-year old Paige Birgfeld was a devoted mother to her three young children. So when she suddenly disappeared last June, police in Grand Junction, Colorado suspected foul play.

But while police and volunteers searched for the missing mother of three, disturbing evidence of a secret life she led shifted the investigation in a totally new direction.

Did that secret life-which Paige kept hidden from her family-play a role in her disappearance?

<snip>

Paige turned 35 on April 27, 2008

Paige's house has now been sold and her parents no longer live there.

(© MMVIII, CBS Broadcasting Inc. All Rights Reserved.)

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Frank Birgfeld's Reaction to CBS's 48-Hours

Posted on June 11, 2008 by Lindsey Eaton, KREX-TV CBS Grand Junction (http://www.krextv.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2865).

The search still continues as the Sheriff's office and family are left asking questions about what happened and where Paige Birgfeld is.

CBS's 48 Hours aired last night taking viewers through her disappearance and her secret life.

Frank Birgfeld said after seeing the previous Dateline series, he was skeptical about how this one would turn out.

Paige's father says he was at first dreading watching the show, although it was tough to watch he was pleased afterwards.

Frank says he's going to continue his search...and says he won't stop until he finds her.

June 28th marks one year when Paige went missing.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Yesterday was a little slower than Tuesday but it still had it's little events.

In the aftermath of 48 Hours, there has been lots of discussions and, as you can see from the posts above that there has been quite a bit of activity on the Internet, mostly rehash of the show.

The most interesting post of the day was the reaction of Paige's father, Frank, to the show. You can see it in yesterday's update or above this post.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are back up to 123 candles. Remember to light candles for Paige and her three children, and that candles go out after 48 hours. That's two days, not the television show. (I promise, that's the last time I use that joke.)

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

And in our other new feature...On This Day In History...

...in 1630, John Winthrop arrived in the Massachusetts Bay Colony as governor. (Personal note: That same year, my 11th Great-Grandfather, William Colver, arrived in the Colony and founded the Culver family here in America.) Winthrop would be re-elected 12 times and would govern for 20 years.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/John_winthrop_illustration.3.jpg/225px-John_winthrop_illustration.3.jpg

...in 1939, Cooperstown, New York became the home of the Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum.

...in 1987, in one of his most famous speeches, President Ronald Reagan challenged Soviet Leader Mikhail Gorbachev to not only open the Brandenburg Gate, but in addition "...Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall."

Well, that's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

We're back to normal, I suppose, after a couple of days with a flurry of activity. I can use the rest. ;) There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. CBS News says that Paige's story is one of the most viewed. You can add to the count here (http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/06/08/48hours/main4162450.shtml?source=mostpop_story).

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are up to 156 candles although I did see it as high as 163 earlier today. Remember to light candles for Paige and her three children, and that candles go out after 48 hours. (See? The joke is gone, as promised.)

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this day in history...

...in 1927, a ticker-tape parade was held in New York City to welcome home Charles Lindburgh, after his historic solo flight in the Spirit of St. Louis.

...in 1944, the German Army launched a missile attack against London. 10 of the new V-1 rockets were launched but with mixed success. The V-1 was basically a jet propelled airplane without a pilot. It was guided by a magnetic compass and when it ran out of fuel, it would crash and deliver its payload. Guidance was not very good, and only one of the 10 caused fatalities. Five crashed on launch, one was lost over the channel and only four made it to England.

...in 1966, the Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a man named Miranda, forcing us to have to listen to every cop on television reading the Miranda speech to crooks being arrested.

...in 2004, President George H.W. Bush celebrated his 80th birthday by making a parachute jump over his ranch. President Bush was born on June 12, 1924.

...and more years ago than I care to think about, on a sunny Friday the 13th, Mom went into a hospital somewhere in Ohio and it's all her fault that you're getting these daily updates.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[jenniferp417]

...and more years ago than I care to think about, on a sunny Friday the 13th, Mom went into a hospital somewhere in Ohio and it's all her fault that you're getting these daily updates.

That explains a lot! :D Happy birthday!

Thanks for doing these updates, KG.

[Nanisu]

My dh and I kind of wondered if her 2nd husband had such up and down business deals, could there be a possibility that he totally ticked off someone (over money possibly?) who sought revenge? Or maybe did something like this as a warning to him? Just athought.

[legacypc46]

If they wanted revenge I think they would have gone after the 2nd husband directly. By all accounts, he isn't exactly broken up over her disappearance.

Now him maybe wanting revenge is another story...but I'll behave and not go down that road.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

I invite you to go read this blog entry...The Amazing Double Life of Paige Birgfeld (http://helpfindthemissing.org/blog/?p=17#comments)...if you haven't already, and if you've already read it (or not) be sure to read the comments at the end.

Check out comment #2. It speaks volumes about some of the people that are out there in the world.

[PampMomof3]

I invite you to go read this blog entry...The Amazing Double Life of Paige Birgfeld (http://helpfindthemissing.org/blog/?p=17#comments)...if you haven't already, and if you've already read it (or not) be sure to read the comments at the end.

Check out comment #2. It speaks volumes about some of the people that are out there in the world.


OMG!:eek: You know, that's just terrible. SHe didn't deserve to die if she's even dead. I'm still thinking positive here.

[pjpamchef]

Did anyone see the show on tonight? I'm sorry I don't even know what station it was, and I just caught the last 20 min, but it was about these missing women in Colorado! I think it was ABC. Two of the fathers finally met and realized how much in common their daughters disappearance were. One was an night club dancer and the other a run-away, and what little I saw, I kept wondering if there was any chance Paige could have been another one of his victims. They think he may have had many!!

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Coming into the weekend, we've slowed again after a busy week in the aftermath of 48 Hours. Nothing happened yesterday and there really aren't any new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), the count is slowing again as we are down to 131 candles. Remember to light candles for Paige and her three children, and that candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1940, the Germans took over Paris, announcing a curfew. While 2 million Parisians had fled, those left behind were soon under the boot of the Gestapo. As Rick told Ilsa, "You wore blue, the Germans wore gray." Also on this date, FDR froze all American assets of the Axis powers.

...in 1994, Henry Mancini passed away. He played piano and was an arranger for Glenn Miller. He then went on to score more than 80 movies, including the familiar Pink Panther theme, Breakfast At Tiffany's and he won a Grammy in 1959 for Music from Peter Gunn.

...in 1951, Remmington-Rand delivered the UNIVAC I to the US Census Bureau. This first commercial digital computer weighed 16,000 pounds, used 5,000 vacuum tubes and performed about 1,000 calculations per second - less than your battery operated calculator does today. UNIVAC, Universal Automatic Computer, correctly predicted the landslide victory of Dwight D. Eisenhower in the Presidential election of 1952.

...in 1775, the Continental Congress authorized formation and funding of the Continental Army.

...in 1777, the Continental Congress adopted the Stars and Stripes as our national flag, Today, the birth of the flag is still celebrated as, "Flag Day," because over 100 years later, a 19 year old, $40 a month school-teacher named Bernard J. Cigrand, near Freedonia, Wisconsin, held the first Flag Day exercises in a little country schoolhouse. In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed June 14 as Flag Day.

ETA: Site of the first Flag Day, The Stony Hill Schoolhouse (http://www.co.ozaukee.wi.us/history/stoneyhill.html), house still stands and has been preserved as a historic landmark.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

The weekends are back to being "slow news days," There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. There is nothing new to report.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are back to normal weekend levels, that is, we're down to 92 candles.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1215, a group of nobles forced King John of England to sign the Magna Carta. This governmental reform set the wheels in motion for eventual democratic rule and trial by a jury of peers.

...in 1775, George Washington is appointed to lead the new Continental Army.

...in 1844, Charles Goodyear received a patent for his process of vulcanizing rubber, making the manufacture of rubber products, especially tires, possible. Goodyear was a hard-luck kind of a guy and bad luck followed him around He died in 1860, essentially penniless. The company that bears his name was founded by Frank Seiberling in Akron, Ohio in 1898. The giant corporation was named in his honor.

...in 1904, more than 1,000 souls, mostly women and children, perished from fire or drowning when fire swept through a riverboat on an excursion on New York's East River. The General Slocum was chartered to take the St. Mark's Lutheran Church Sunday School annual picnic in The Bronx when the fire swept out of control through the boat.

...in 1846, Francis Parkman arrived in Fort Laramie, Wyoming. His work with the plains Sioux tribe resulted in an 1849 book, The Oregon Trail that documented the life of Plains Indians before Western Expansion. He called the book an "image of an irrevocable past."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

The weekend continued as usual, with Sunday being a "slow news day." There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. There is nothing new to report.

The website, Help Find The Missing, was hacked on Sunday and the nefarious nogoodniks sent out numerous e-mails, of dubious taste and little originality, in the names of several prominant users. On behalf of everyone at HFTM, we apologize for the events of the last several hours, in case any of you were affected.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are starting the week with 104 candles.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1858, Abraham Lincoln, newly appointed candidate for the Senate from Illinois, addressed the Illinois Republican Convention and made his famous statement inspired by the New Testament, "...a house divided against itself cannot stand.” Considered by some to be too radical, he lost the election to the more moderate Steven Douglas, but the speech also gained him enough national notoriety to be elected President in 1860. He faced some of the most tumultuous days in United States history and was assassinated on April 15, 1865.

...in 1890, Stan Laurel was born in Ulverston, England. He began is career in show business in English theaters, later toured the American vaudeville circuits and started making movies in 1917. In 1926, he was teamed with Oliver Hardy and history was made. The duo appeared in over 100 films between 1927 and 1950, including Two Tars, one of the funniest shorts every made, and they won an academy award for The Music Box, in which two movers struggle to hoist a piano up a long stairway.

...in 1963, Soviet Cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova, aboard Vostok 6, became the first woman to travel into space. She completed 48 orbits in 71 hours, logging more hours in space, up to that time, than all U.S. astronauts combined.

...in 1961, Rudolf Nureyev defected from the Soviet Union's Kirov Ballet Company in Paris. He went on to a sparking career in ballet and some not-so-memorable movie performances. He died in Paris, in 1993.

...in 1884, the first roller coaster in American opened at Coney Island. For a nickel, thrill-seekers got to ride about 600 feet at break-neck speeds up to six miles per hour. Today's Kingda Ka at Six Flags in New Jersey claims to be the tallest (456 feet) and fastest (up to 128 MPH) coaster in the world.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Just a note...HFTM is back up, although it looks like we were flood damaged. The windows are boarded up, the paint all chipped off and the front lawn is all torn up, but the front door is open and you're welcome to come visit again.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Well, we were back up.

We're down again - the site has been temporarily suspended by the host because of the hacking.

[janetupnorth]

It's back up - sad that someone would hack a forum like that!

I think I'm going to go change my password just for the heck of it...

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, after all the activity last week, things have settled back down again to, well, nothing.

Help Find The Missing (http://www.helpfindthemissing.org) is back up, after having been taken down by hackers over the weekend. Stop by and snoop around a little - we're happy to have you visit.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are starting the week with 104 candles.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1947, Raymond Chandler's hard-boiled private eye made his radio debut on The Adventures of Phillip Marlowe. Even though he had been protrayed in the movies by Humphrey Bogart, audiences were unimpressed and the show was canceled shortly after.

...in 1972, a group of bungling burglars botched a break-in of the Democrat National Committee headquarters at the Watergate complex in Washington, D.C. The resulting investigation led all the way back to the White House and resulted in the resignation of President Richard M. Nixon.

....in 1775, British General Howe led his troops against the Continental Army under General William Prescott, who's famous line lives on today, "Don't one of you fire until you see the whites of their eyes!" When it was over, the British had won the battle, but the Americans had fewer casualties and proved, once and for all, they could match up against the world's greatest army.

...in 1928, Amelia Earhart became the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic.

...in 1885, the Statue Of Liberty arrived in New York Harbor. Her official name is Liberty Enlightening The World. America's most famous immogrant arrives in over 200 packing crates. She was dedicated by President Grove Cleveland on October 28, 1886.

"The New Colossus," is the sonnet by, American poet Emma Lazarus, that is inscribed on her pedestal:

"Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me.
I lift my lamp beside the golden door."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Once again, there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so there were no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we now have 111 candles.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1812, the British and America renewed hostilities in, well, the War of 1812. The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent on December 24, 1814. The word did not reach everywhere, though, and on January 8, 1815, the young country would win one of its greatest victories ever, as Andrew Jackson led his forces to victory in the Battle of New Orleans. Jimmie Driftwood, a high school principal from Arkansas, wrote a historical version of the battle and set it to a fiddle tune called The 8th of Janurarym an appropriate tune, considering the name was the same as the date of the battle. Johnny Horton immortalized the Battle of New Orleans in a top 10 hit record by the same name.

...in 1983, Dr. Sally Ride became the first American woman in space about the Challenger. Of course, we learned June 16th that she was preceded by Valentina V. Tereshkova of the Soviet Union, by almost exactly 20 years.

...in 1923, the first Checker Cab was built, In the late 1950's, the Checker Marathon became a standard icon in large American cities. It was large, comfortable, easy to get in and out of, and had lots of room for luggage. Unfortunately, at 4,000 pounds, it also got too expensive to operate and faded from favor. Too bad, it was the best taxicab ever made.

...in 1942, Paul McCartney was born. Did you know he used to be in a band?

...in 1873, Susan B. Anthony was fined $100.00 for attempting to vote in the 1872 Presidential election.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

This is Juneteenth Day, a holiday in 28 states. More on that in a little bit.

And, you guessed it - no new developments in Paige's case yesterday.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are holding about the same daily level with 104 candles.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1865, 2,000 Union Troops, under the command of General Gordon Granger, took Galveston Island and enforced the emancipation of slaves. While the Emacipation Proclamation had been issued on September 22, 1862 and became effective on January 1, 1863, there was initially little effect since most slave states were a part of the Confederate States of America. The former slaves began to celebrate in the street and Juneteenth Day celebrations began in Texas the following year. Today, Juneteenth Day is recognized as a holiday by 28 states, to commemorate the day the slaves were freed on Galveston Island.

...in 1953, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were executed for conspiring to pass United States nuclear secrets to the Soviet Union. Both refused to admit to any criminal acts and proclaimed their innocence right up to the end. Years later, evidence seems to confirm that Julius was, in fact, a spy but perhaps Ethel was innocent.

...in 1856, the first convention of the Republican Party ended. The party had been born two years earlier, in Ripon, Wisconsin.

...in 1949, the first Grand National race was held at the Charlotte Fairgrounds. The race began what is better known today as NASCAR racing.

...in 1905, Harry Davis opened the first nickelodeon. The Pittsburgh storefront theater had 96 seats and charged people 5¢ to see The Great Train Robberu.

...in 1945, Abbott and Costello's routine Who's On First was imortalized in the movie, The Naughty Nineties. It had been used in clubs and a shorter version in an earlier film.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 78 candles. Remember to light candles for Paige and her three children, and that candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1977, oil began to flow from Prudhoe Bay through the Alyeska Pipeline Company's 800 mile pipeline. It crosses three mountain ranges and hundreds of rivers and streams. Much to the dismay of the environmentalists that hate it to this day, the pipeline delivers 800,000 barrels of oil to Valdez, Alaska every day and has delivered 14 billion barrels of oil in its lifetime. The only spill from the pipeline occurred when an unknown terrorist blew a hole in the pipeline. The caribou heard, predicted to be decimated, has actually grown since the pipeline was built and caribou actually gather near the pipeline to take advantage of the heat.

...in 1863, West Virginia became the 35th State, or the 24th State, depending on status of the 11 states that seceded. The western counties of Virginia had grown apart from the eastern part of the state. Residents of the western counties met in Wheeling and broke from the state on June 11, 1861 by nullifying the secession order and declaring themselves "The Restored Government of Virginia." President Lincoln accepted the results of a referendum, asking for statehood, in April, 1863 and declared statehood effective this day in 1863.

...in 1963, in the wake of the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, the United States and Soviet Union agreed to install a "hot line" to instantly communicate in times of crisis.

...in 1947, Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel was shot and killed in Beverly Hills, California. In 1945, Siegel built The Flamingo, the first resort/casino in Las Vegas, a sleepy little town in Nevada. It has grown slightly since then.

...in 1948 , Toast of the Town premiered on the CBS Television network. Better known as The Ed Sullivan Show, many big time performers made their first appearance on the show.

...in 1975, Jaws was released, setting off a shark frenzy but setting the standard for the Summer Blockbuster.

...in 1837, 18 year old Victoria began her 63 year reign as Queen of England, the longest in history.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[PampMomof3]

Thanks for keeping this up KG. We all really appreciate it.:)

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 88 candles. Remember to light candles for Paige and her three children, and that candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1788, New Hampshire became the 9th state to ratify the Constitution of the United States. In 1789, Congress approved 12 amendments, The Bill of Rights, and sent them out for ratification. Ten of the twelve were adopted. In 1790, Rhode Island became the last state to ratify the Constitution, now the oldest operating constituion in the world.

,,,in 1947, William Clay Ford married Martha Firestone, bringing together two of the largest automotive fortunes in the world. Harvey Firestone and Henry Ford became close friends and allies when Firestone became the exclusive supplier of tires for Ford's Model T. Neither man lived to see their grandchildren's wedding - Frestone died in 1938 and Ford had died earlier in 1947, on April 7.

...in 1997, the first game of the National Women's Basketball Association was played.

...in 1916, Mexican troops attacked an American force, led by General John J. Pershing, that had penetrated into Mexico to find Pancho Villa. Villa had executed 16 Americans in Mexico and then came across the border to attack Columbus, New Mexico. Under orders from President Wilson, Pershing's expeditionary force was ordered into Mexico to capture or kill Pancho Villa and disperse his army of rebels. Pershing pursued Villa for 11 months and failed to find him, as Villa had intimate knowledge of the terrain. (The explosive situation in Europe likely prevented a Mexican-American war over the attack on Pershing.) Villa was eventually pardoned by the Mexican government but he was assasinated three years later.

Doesn't this all sound eerily familiar?

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

A year later, friends and family still wonder where missing GJ mom is


By AMY HAMILTON
Link: The Daily Sentinel (http://www.gjsentinel.com/news/content/news/stories/2008/06/21/062208_1a_Birgfeld_center.html)

Saturday, June 21, 2008

Nearly a year ago, Frank and Suzanne Birgfeld got the call any parent would dread. “I’m from the Mesa County Sheriff’s Department. Do you know that your daughter Paige is missing?” Frank Birgfeld said of the call to his cell phone June 30, 2007, in Denver.

In the next breath, the investigator asked whether the father of the 34-year-old Grand Junction mother of three knew his daughter worked in the adult entertainment business.

The call lasted a few minutes, but time stretched into eternity in that moment, Frank Birgfeld said.

The year that followed has been one of crushing disappointment and few clues.

The doting mother who led a secret life as an escort has not been found, and no suspect has been arrested.

“If we find Paige, charges will be promptly brought,” Frank Birgfeld assured.

For that reason, the 64-year-old has taken up a residence in Grand Junction, resuming a search for his daughter’s remains.

To date, the Mesa County Sheriff’s Department has listed 57-year-old Lester Ralph Jones as the sole suspect.

Bloodhounds traced a scent from Paige’s burned-out vehicle to the front door of a business across the street on 23 Road where Jones worked. Authorities confirmed that Jones’ Pear Park home has been searched at least twice.

The days after Paige Birgfeld’s disappearance turned to months. Now, a year after her disappearance garnered national media attention, the unsolved crime has wreaked havoc on family and friends desperate for information.

Complicating matters is the contrast between the dual lives Paige led.

Known by friends and family as a model suburban mom and tireless provider for her children, Paige sold Pampered Chef products, taught dance to preschoolers and headed up a MOMs Club,

Paige Birgfeld alternately was known by men who sought her out in the escort business as “Carrie,” who gave topless massages.

Despite hundreds of hours of searching, prayer vigils and tearful gatherings among loved ones, Paige’s story after June 28 remains a mystery.

Mesa County District Attorney Pete Hautzinger said finding Birgfeld’s remains is not necessary to press charges.

However, a lack of evidence, and Paige’s secretive history as an escort, would provide extra ammunition for defense attorneys at trial.

“The lack of a body or any ability to prove cause of death is a major, major problem in a homicide prosecution,” he said.

Hautzinger said he hasn’t made any decisions on presenting the case to a grand jury, and he doesn’t refute any facts presented on a recently aired national television program on Paige’s disappearance.

The “48 Hours Mystery” broadcast cited anonymous sources who claimed tens of thousands of dollars were found at Paige’s sprawling home in north Grand Junction. The show also said Jones is on video purchasing a disposable cell phone that had the same number that was listed as the last incoming call on Paige’s phone, information that hadn’t been released to the public previously.

Mesa County Sheriff Stan Hilkey said one lead investigator is now on the case that initially attracted a force of 13 investigators.

As time passes, investigators gravitate to the department’s newer cases.

If given a good reason or a credible tip, Hilkey said, investigators would immediately be assigned again to the Birgfeld case. He said one year is not a long time to investigate complex cases, adding some Mesa County murder cases have been solved years later.

---------------------

By the Numbers
$991,000: Selling price of Paige’s family home
$64,500: Cost in operations and overtime at Sheriff’s Department
8,400: Bottles of water distributed to searchers
200: Number of new registered searchers in Abby & Jennifer Recovery Foundation
110: Highest daily temperature during search
100: Average daily high temperature during search
80: Square miles searched by volunteers
10: Minimum number of national television and print media organizations who interviewed Sheriff’s Department officials
13: Sheriff’s investigators initially assigned to case
4: Number of counties searched
1: Sheriff’s investigators now assigned to case

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Typical of the weekend, one slow news day after another. As you might have guessed, there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No new developments although the GJ Daily Sentinel did run a feature, shown above this post.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), the count is hovering at 100 candles. Remember to light candles for Paige and her three children, and that candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1944, FDR signed the G.I. Bill offering low coast loans and free college tuition. It launched a 30 year economic boom.

,,,in 1947, William Clay Ford married Martha Firestone, bringing together two of the largest automotive fortunes in the world. Harvey Firestone and Henry Ford became close friends and allies when Firestone became the exclusive supplier of tires for Ford's Model T. Neither man lived to see their grand children's wedding - Firestone died in 1938 and Ford had died earlier in 1947, on April 7.

...in 1934, Ferdinand Porsche contracted to build three prototypes of the Volksauto, a low-price "people's car" at the request of Adolph Hitler. Building such a car had always been Porsche's dream, but the war interrupted the design and manufacture of the Volkswagon until after the end of the war. During the war, the chassis was used as a platform for army staff cars, a design that Volkswagen would sell in the 1970's as "The Thing."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[legacypc46]

Thank you for the update KG.

[dannyzmom]

I am glad they are keeping her name in the headlines. I have faith that sooner or later they WILL find out what happened and the creep WILL be brought to justice.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Typical of the weekend, one slow news day after another. As you might have guessed, there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

There is something about Paige in the blogosphere, although, I have no idea what this is all about - it appears to be a blog site that someone is testing an automated scripting routine. Check it out - Blog Test (http://blog.scriptbest.com/2008-06/paige-birgfeld.html).

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 94 candles. Remember to light candles for Paige and her three children, and that candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1848, at the insistence of Sam Houston, the Republic of Texas decided to join the United States.

,,,in 1967, President Lyndon Johnson met Soviet Premier Aleksei Kosygin in New Jersey. It was the fist time a Soviet Premier had met with a President since Dwight Eisenhower and Nitkita Krushchev had met in 1959. The summit accomplished little but did prove that the two super powers were open to talks.

...in 1972, President Richard M. Nixon signs the Higher Education Act which includes Title IX legislation,m prohibiting discrimination between men's and women's collegiate sports. Women's participation in sports increased exponentially.

...in 1934, in New Zealand, William Bayly is convicted of murder without the body of one of his victims. Forensic evidence was strong enough to bring a conviction, and Bayly was summarily hanged.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

But at least, a mention of her again. This is, however, an interesting observation about Grand Junction. I've added emphasis in the paragraph about Paige so you can find it quickly.
-------------------------------------


‘48 Hours’ fishes on Helmick murder

by Paul Shockley
Link: Grand Junction Free Press (http://gjfreepress.com/article/20080623/COMMUNITY_NEWS/152318873/1076&ParentProfile=1059)

Mesa County: Monuments, mesas, memories and murder?

Louise Bashi, spokeswoman in New York with the CBS true-crime program “48 Hours,” said the show’s staff is doing “preliminary research” on the June 10 murder of 62-year-old Whitewater businessman Alan Helmick.

“Other than that I can’t comment on a story this early in development,” Bashi said.

Firm plans to air a segment on Helmick’s murder have not been nailed down, Bashi said.

Grand Junction resident Melody Sebesta, a childhood friend of Helmick’s who was quoted in the Free Press’ June 12 profile of Helmick and his business ventures, said she was contacted by an editor with the show after her words appeared in print and online.

Sebesta said that person indicated “48 Hours” would be back yet again in Grand Junction this week.

Mesa County Sheriff’s spokeswoman Heather Benjamin said she’s scheduled to meet today with a producer from the show.

“I really don’t have anything different to tell them than I’ve told locals,” Benjamin said.

Benjamin and the sheriff’s office haven’t said much. Alan Helmick was found by his wife, Miriam Helmick, shot in the head in what was initially reported as a possible robbery-homicide at the couple’s rural spread south of Whitewater.

Should a Helmick segment air, it would be the third time in four years a Mesa County homicide investigation has found a spotlight on the national television program.

An hour-long piece featuring the case of 34-year-old missing mother Paige Birgfeld aired on June 10, just a few hours after Helmick’s murder.

Birgfeld was last heard from one year ago Saturday driving home to Grand Junction after spending the day with her first husband in Eagle.

“48 Hours” also took Michael Blagg’s 2001 murder case to a national audience — following the story through Blagg’s 2004 jury trial conviction.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, although the story from last Saturday (see above) has seen some wider distribution in Colorado. No news means no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 77 candles. Remember to light candles for Paige and her three children, and that candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1948, the Soviet Union began a blockade of Eastern Germany, cutting off West Berlin from the world. The United States capitalized on the Soviet's PR blunder by countering with the Berlin Airlift, keeping the city alive.

,,,in 1964, the Federal Trade Commission ordered all cigarette packs to carry the familiar Surgeon General's Warning.

...in 1947, an American pilot reported saucer shaped objects flying near Mt. Ranier, coining the oft heard phrase, "flying saucer."

...in 1997, the US Air Force officially closed the book on Rozwell, the reported location of an alien spacecraft crash leaving debris and alien bodies. The Air Force says the debris was from balloons and the bodies were dummies, used to test high altitude bail-outs. Many skeptics still do not believe the report. Do you?

...in 1953, Massachusetts Senator John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Bouvier announced their engagement.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, of course, means no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 65 candles. Remember to light candles for Paige and her three children, and that candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1876, Native American forces led by Chief Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull defeated the forces of Lt. Colonel George Armstrong Custer at the Little Bighorn River in Montana.

...in 1868, the first of the former states of the Confederacy were readmitted to the Union.

...in 1910, Congress passed the Mann Act, making it illegal to transport a woman across state lines for immoral purposes. The law was used against Charlie Chaplin in 1944. In disgust, he moved to England and never returned. Chuck Berry was convicted of violating the Mann Act and spent two years in prison. Although never repealed, the teeth have been amended out of it and today, it is seldom invoked.

...in 1942, Dwight D. Eisenhower took command of all the European troops, the first step in an ascent to supreme commander of all Allied forces in WW II, and eventually, President of the United States.

...in 1950, the Korean War began. Technically, the war is not over, no peace treaty was signed, the ending was a cease fire that ended hostilities, signed in 1853.

...in 1951, CBS television made the first broadcast in color, but hardly anyone saw it that way, because most of the few television sets in home were black & white.

...in 1956, the last Packard automobile came off the assembly line at the Conner Avenue plant in Detroit. In 1902, Henry Joy and a group of investors bought the company from James Ward Packard, and soon converted the company into the leading manufacturer of luxury automobiles. The 1916 Twin-Six, a 12-cylinder automobile, set the pace for luxury cars. Henry Joy also became the President of the Lincoln Highway Association and his strong personality drove him to finish building America's first paved coast-to-coast highway. After WW II, Packard struggled in the market and in a last ditch effort to survive, merged with Studebaker. Eventually, both companies failed.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Online sex ads: Women or girls?

By AMY HAMILTON
Link: The Daily Sentinel (http://www.gjsentinel.com/hp/content/news/stories/2008/06/24/062508_1a_Prostitution_folo.html)

Tuesday, June 24, 2008

Local law enforcement is taking a closer look at the area’s prostitution networks as women posing in online advertisements for the Western Slope’s sex trade are beginning to look more like girls than women, according to the Grand Junction Police Department.

Also, a recent prostitution sting, which netted the arrest of a Grand Junction man on suspicion of pimping his fiancee[sic], was prompted by the unsolved case of a missing 34-year-old local woman, Paige Birgfeld, who ran an escort business, authorities said.

“Prostitution seems like a victimless crime, but it’s not a safe crime,” said Grand Junction police officer Ricky Valdez, who worked with officers from the Police Department and Mesa County Sheriff’s Department on last week’s prostitution sting. “It’s hard to say that we have more (prostitution) here than other places. Is it here? Absolutely. Are there a lot (of prostitutes)? I don’t know.”

On Thursday, officers in the joint operation arrested Nathan McClure, 29, on suspicion of two felony charges of pimping his fiancee, Dharma Mae Johnson, 27, after an investigation at Motel 6 on Horizon Drive. Johnson, who received a misdemeanor summons alleging prostitution, told police the couple split the $200 per hour she charged for sex with men, according to an arrest affidavit.

In a separate case, Contessa Malene Burnside, 33, of Rifle, received a misdemeanor summons alleging prostitution.

Cmdr. Greg Assenmacher said the Police Department is concerned about the prospect of human trafficking, which can include the practice of sexual exploitation for another’s financial gain. If prostitution is present in Grand Junction, human trafficking may not be far behind, because the two are considered “synonymous,” Valdez said.

Though women featured on Web sites advertising sexual services on the Western Slope list themselves as adults, accompanying photos of the females appear to be minors, Assenmacher said. One police officer is assigned solely to work gang and prostitution cases, and authorities expect to conduct similar prostitution stings in the future, he said.

Investigators’ leads often are found through local advertisements and popular online Web sites, such as craigslist.com. That site can display up to nine new postings a day for sexual services offered locally, Assenmacher said.

Investigators also are watching local massage parlors and businesses that advertise similar services, he said.

“It all comes down to money and greed,” Valdez said of prostitution. “It’s a hidden world.”

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Click on the link to see the video.

BIRGFELD SERIES: A Family Grieves

Posted on June 25, 2008 by Peter Schaller
Link: KREX-TV (http://www.krextv.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=3033)

The one year anniversary of Paige Birgfeld's disappearance is just days away, and shortly after she went missing there were leads and clues. But click on the video icon to find out why this summer brings cold realities for the missing

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, of course, means no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we have 92 candles. Remember to light candles for Paige and her three children, and that candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1948, the first flights began in the Berlin Airlift. Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin had blockaded Eastern Germany, leaving the citizens of West Berlin to starve. The airlift continued to supply Berlin for 11 months, until Stalin backed down and removed the blockade.

...in 1959, the St. Lawrence Seaway opened with a ceremony including Queen Elizabeth II and and President Dwight Eisenhower. Since the opening, more than 200 billion tons of cargo, with a value of over $300 billion dollars have passed through the seaway. Along with that, though, has been an invasion of marines - foreign sea life that stows away in the ballast tanks of seagoing vessels have introduced a number of species that have no natural preditors in the Great Lakes.

...in 1784, a little known patriot but American hero, Caeser Rodney of Delaware, passed away. He is best remembered for his overnight ride from Dover to Philadelphia to cast the deciding vote for the Declaration of Independence. The image of Rodney on his overnight ride is stamped on the new Delaware quarter.

...in 1965, Hey, Mister Tambourine Man reached No. 1 on the pop charts. The song was written by Bob Dylan and was the first hit for The Byrds. The song spawned a new genre called "Folk-Rock" that was an influence on later artists like Tom Petty, R.E.M. and The Eagles.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Authorities Hit Snag with Birgfeld Investigation

Posted on June 26, 2008 by Rick Adams
Link: WREX-TV Grand Junction (http://www.krextv.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=3049)


With the one year anniversary of Paige Birgfeld’s disappearance two days away the biggest question around the investigation is still unanswered. Where is she? That roadblock has kept investigators from moving the case forward and from making any arrests. Although he has not been charged with anything, Lester Jones has hired an attorney. Colleen Scissors is representing Jones. Scissors is one of the area's most high profile lawyers known for taking on cases with some of the biggest legal questions.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There was an interesting development in Paige's case yesterday - just two days from the one year anniversary of Paige's disappearance, the main "Person of Interest" has lawyered up. It makes one wonder if there isn't something brewing in this case that we don't know about?

Meanwhile, In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we have 93 candles. Remember to light candles for Paige and her three children, and that candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...1847 New York and Boston were connected by telegraph lines.

...1880, Hellen Keller was born.

...1950, Presided Truman ordered American troops into South Korea, to help fight off North Koreans who had invaded. In order to avoid an escalated conflict with Russia and China, the action was referred to as a "police action."

...1829, and English scientist named James Smithson passed away in Genoa, Italy after a long illness. His rather unusual bequest decreed that all of his estated be sent to the United States, "...to found at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, and establishment for the increase of diffusion of knowledge." Smithson had never visited the United States, causing much confusion around the world. Today, the Smithsonian Institute consists of nineteen museums, nine research centers and a zoo. John Smithson is interred in a tomb inside the building that bears his name.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[legacypc46]

Thanks KG. I missed some of these most recent news videos...got all teary on one and a little p.o'd on another. It's the cynic is me, but I doubt Lester 'hired' the lawyer. It's always interesting how the 'high profile lawyers' appear to be hired when the news media are covering the case. Is air-time a form of payment?
K

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

BIRGFELD SERIES: The Searches

Local News Posted on June 27, 2008 by Kate Renner
Link: KREX-TV Grand Junction (http://www.krextv.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=3060)


The Jennifer and Abby Recovery Foundation has been searching high and low throughout the Grand Valley for the body of Paige Birgfeld.
In the beginning they searched to find her alive.
They still go out multiple times a week but the new goal is to recover Paige’s body as evidence.
The recovery foundation is short on funds so they've recently started asking for corporate sponsors.
If you're interested in helping out with the searches or donating to the cause you can contact Connie Flukey at 254-1567.

[janetupnorth]

Thanks for the continual updates!

The Foundation does some neat things.

(...and are you sick KG - feeling Blah?)

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

One Year Anniversary of Birgfeld Dissapearance Saturday


Posted: 8:54 AM Jun 27, 2008
Last Updated: 8:54 AM Jun 27, 2008
Link: KKCO-TV Grand Junction (http://www.nbc11news.com/home/headlines/22032464.html)

Saturday marks the one year anniversary of the disappearance of Paige Birgfeld

One year ago, Paige Birgfeld was on her way back from Vail.

Her father says cell phone records showed she made it within five miles of her home in Grand Junction but she was never seen again.

Investigators are still hard at work solving this case and family and friends still search each day. Her friend Andrea Land says life, even a year after Paige went missing,
will forever be different.

There has been one suspect in the case, Lester Ralph Jones and no one has been arrested.
The Birgfeld search has caught national attention on popular syndicated news programs and shows.

The Birgfelds offered a reward totaling fifteen thousand dollars for any information in the search for Paige. So far, no one has come forward to collect.

[legacypc46]

tomorrow is going to s*ck




sorry to offend anyone, but those who were here a year ago will understand

[chefann]

I still remember what I was doing last year - I was driving home from work and KG called. I didn't believe him at first, until I got into the house and logged in. The next day was really weird around here with theories, rumors, information and mis-information flying fast and furious.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Today marks exactly one year since our friend and fellow Cheffer, Paige Birgfeld, disappeared without a trace. There isn't really a lot to say here, because it's all been said at one time or another over the last twelve months. We can, most certainly, say again how our hearts go out to Paige's family, her children and the many friends that are left behind.

There were no new developments yesterday, either, other than some GJ media are marking the date. There is really nothing new to report except to say, Paige, help us find you so we can bring you home.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 64 candles. Remember to light candles for Paige and her three children, and that candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1953, the first Corvette started down the assembly line. It was not very popular, only 300 Corvettes were made in that first year. Equipped with the famous Chevrolet Blue Flame Six, the car was hardly a performer but once the Corvette received a V8 engine, it became a performer and a fantasy for every car enthusiast.

...in 1894, The first Labor Day was celebrated. The day off was only for federal employees, though.

...in 1975, Rod Serling passed away after open heart surgery. He was only 50. Serling had been a prolific and well respected television writer when he launched his anthology series, The Twilight Zone.

...in 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife, Sophie, were shot to death by a Bosnian Serb. Bosnia and Herzegovina bad been annexed by Austria-Hungary in 1908 which angered Serbs, who believed the territories should be a part of Serbia. The assasinations set off a chain of events that led to World War I.

...in 1919, ironically 5 years, to the day, that Archduke Franz and Sophie Ferdinand had been assasinated to start WW I, the Treaty of Versailles was signed. The crippling treaty apalled English economist, John Maynard Keynes, who resigned his post from the British Treasury in protest of the treaty. He wrote a book about it, called The Economic Consequences of Peace, in which he predicted the financial collapse of Germany that would have world wide economic repercussions. The crash came in November of 1923, and by the time the treaty was modified, it was too late, Hitler had taken power and the path to World War II was already paved. Keyes died in 1946, but in the late '30s, he had outlined his opinons that became known as Keynesian Economics, which most Western powers subscribe to yet, today.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

It's a silly thing, but wouldn't it be nice to get the candle count up to 366 today? One for each day that Paige has been gone.

YEAH!! Got it to 366!

And for everyone who watched the 48 Hours story, I put "We're coming, Paige" on the last one.

Great. I made myself cry.

cs (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/message.cfm?l=eng&cid=6251318)

Way to go, Cheffers, and thanks, Ann, for suggesting it and spearheading the whole operation. Here's Chefann's last candle:

http://www.chefsuccess.com/members/the_kitchen_guy-albums-bucket-picture82-candle366.jpg

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Close friend and baby sitter remembers Paige Birgfeld one year later

Posted: June 28, 2008 08:16 PM EDT
Updated: June 28, 2008 08:23 PM EDT

BY MIKE DANIELS
MDANIELS@KJCT8.COM

Link: KJCT-TV (http://kjct8.com/Global/story.asp?S=8573969)


GRAND JUNCTION (KJCT)- A year ago Saturday, Grand Junction mother of three, Paige Birgfeld mysteriously vanished, leaving her kids behind and a complex case to solve.

Her former baby sitter describes Paige as a loving mother, while her family still hopes she's alive. Her good friend and children's baby sitter believes two men who knew each other are responsible for her disappearance.

The Mesa County Sheriff's Department insists this case is still a high priority for investigators.

Each day is more difficult for Carol, who used to watch Paige's kids. She doesn't want to give her last name because of her ties to the investigation.

"She confided in me a lot, when she needed me to come, I knew what was going on," Carol said.

Carol says Paige was working as an escort at the time. But her ties to that industry played no part in her disappearance and her burned car in an empty parking lot.

"We don't know if Paige is in the state or not, who knows where she is. No one has a clue except for Rob Dixon and Lester Ralph Jones," Carol said.

Rob Dixon is Paige's ex-husband. Rob Dixon's lawyer, Scott Robinson, released this statement, "Rob Dixon does not and has never known Lester Jones, their paths have never crossed and anyone who says the two of them are aquatinted is not telling the truth".

On October 2nd of last year, deputies named Lester Ralph Jones the sole suspect.

"He was calling her all the time, wanting to go out with her.. wanting to get together. She wasn't comfortable around him, she had some threatening feelings," Carol said. Carol remembers a conversation with Paige about Paige's ex-husband Rob. "One of his close friends told her about six months before she disappeared that knowing Rob one of these days he's going to make you disappear, so watch your back," she said.

Carol says the friend that told Paige this was Lester Ralph Jones. "She was afraid of that, but she said, 'I couldn't live my life in fear, so I just have to continue on." Stan Hilkey Mesa County Sheriff says, "He is someone clearly on our radar screen." Jones' house has been searched several times by investigators. Several items have been confiscated as evidence.


"We're living a parents worst nightmare," said Frank Birgfeld, Paige's father. His daughter is still missing, and the case still not solved. "We want to present our district attorney a case that is solvable and provable to a jury, so the successful prosecution of holding someone accountable," said Hilkey.


Carol says she would like to know what happened to her friend, and is haunted by a conversation she had with Paige just before she went missing. "She was not comfortable regarding her ex-husband and Lester Ralph Jones, he's a dangerous man," Carol said.

Robinson went on to say, "Dixon does not know Lester Jones, and is not working in concert on anything and never has". We tried to contact Lester Ralph Jones, and went to his last known address. We also called his last known number, but were unable to get a comment from him. Signs on his property warn "private property keep out". Jones' attorney denied us an interview with her client.

On the one year anniversary, Paige's parents are spending time with Paige's three kids in Denver. Investigators continue to ask for the public's help in solving this case. For now, Lester Ralph Jones remains the only suspect in the missing persons case of the 34- year-old mother of three, Paige Birgfeld.

[dannyzmom]

It certainly sounds like some major progress is being made in the investigation...

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

I'm pretty sure LE has known this all along, and probably isn't really pleased that this is out.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Well, yesterday was an exciting day!

It was one year yesterday that Paige disappeared, although it would not be until July 2 that we would find that out. In honor of the 366 days that Paige had been missing, Chefann suggested that we light 366 Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige). The goal was accomplished early Saturday evening, and as of this posting, 419 candles are burning!

Also, Carol, a woman who used to be employed as a babysitter for Paige, told KJCT-TV that Rob Dixon, Paige's second ex husband and father of her children, did know Lester Jones, a claim that Dixon's lawyer has repeatedly denied. Carol says, "We don't know if Paige is in the state or not, who knows where she is. No one has a clue except for Rob Dixon and Lester Ralph Jones."

Stay tuned! This revelation is liable to rattle some cages.

On This Day In History...

...in 1613, London' Globe Theater burned down. It was the theater where almost every Shakespeare play made its premier.

...in 1956, Congress authorized the funding of the Federal Highway Act, which had been passed in 1955 and began the construction of the Interstate Highway system. President Eisenhower had been on the Army's first motorized convoy, in 1919, that went from Washington to San Francisco on the Lincoln Highway. The convoy took two months to make the journey, a lesson in the value of good roads. During WWII, General Eisenhower saw the value of the German Autobahn, another lesson that helped inspire the Interstate Highway System.

...in 1985, Jim Pattison purchased a Rolls-Royce Phantom V limousine for $2,229,000.00. Yes, that's over $2 Million. The limo had been purchased by John Lennon in 1966 and had it painted in the psychedelic color scheme popular at the time.

http://thumb1.webshots.net/t/59/459/9/85/81/2616985810038203561foDXEd_th.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

Here is Chefann's post that made the 366th Candle For Paige:

http://www.chefsuccess.com/members/the_kitchen_guy-albums-bucket-picture82-candle366.jpg[/QUOTE]

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Follow the link to read some of the disturbing comments that are posted after the story. It's scary to know how many ignorant people there are in the world, and what's even more scary is that they vote.

Mother still missing after one year

posted by: Danielle Anderson
Link: KUSA-TV NBC Affiliate (http://www.9news.com/rss/article.aspx?storyid=94714)


GRAND JUNCTION – Saturday marks the one-year anniversary since the disappearance of Paige Birgfeld.

Birgfeld was last seen June 28, 2007 and soon after her burned-out car was discovered a few miles from her Grand Junction home.

Investigators have said the missing mother of three led a secret life as an escort by the name of Carrie.

Despite several searches Paige Birgfeld has never been found. Investigators suspect foul play.

According to investigators, 57-year-old Lester Ralph Jones has been the only suspect in the case. They say his home was searched at least twice.

[PampMomof3]

Just found this article... One Year Later: Friends, Family of Paige Birgfeld Still Looking for Answers / 11 News, Grand Junction's News Leader, Eleven Minutes of Non-Stop News, No-Wait Weather, Montrose News (http://www.nbc11news.com/home/headlines/22506249.html)

On June 28, 2007, a family and a community were forever changed after learning Paige Birgfeld, a Grand Junction mother of three, had disappeared. Now, one year later, her family, friends, and authorities are still looking for answers.

"We never really gave any thought to how long we'd be in Grand Junction," said Frank Birgfeld, Paige's father. "I would tell you, it's very difficult to believe that we would have been there a year later."

Frank reflects on the long year he has spent without his daughter.

"Depressed, despaired, defeated," said Frank Birgfeld. "All those negative words that kind of plunge you down."

Frank and his family came to Grand Junction as soon as they got the call that Paige hadn't returned home. Days later, on July 1, her car was discovered abandoned and on fire in a parking lot near her home.

"As parents we're absolutely crushed," said Frank Birgfeld, back in July 2007. "This is any parent's worst nightmare."

A nightmare that wouldn't go away. Less than a week later, investigators announced they suspected foul play in the disappearance of the 34-year-old. That same week, news broke that Paige lived a double life as an escort.

"It occurred to me that I hadn't cried in a long time, and I learned how to do that," said Frank Birgfeld.

As the days continued to pass without any sign of her, the Abby & Jennifer Recovery Foundation was called in to help. For the rest of the summer, dozens of volunteers and the Birgfeld family endured the heat, looking for any clues that could lead them to Paige. But as resources were stretched thin, the large searches were scaled down.

"I guess that's the only thing at this point," said volunteer Riina Stockemer, last summer. "There aren't any more volunteers coming up and people have to return to their own lives."

Then a potential breakthrough. In October of 2007, after months of investigation, the Mesa County Sheriff's Office said they had a single suspect in the case.

"They're no longer persons that are on our radar screens as persons of interest," said Mesa County Sheriff Stan Hilkey, back in October. "We're down to one suspect and that's Lester Ralph Jones."

Jones, who has a history of domestic violence and spent time in prison, denies having any involvement in the case. Authorities searched Jones' Fruitvale home multiple times, and after sniffing the area where Paige's car was found, dogs led investigators to a business across the street where Jones worked.

"I wish he'd ring me and talk to me about what he knows," said Frank Birgfeld. "It seems like if you don't do that, it almost casts a bad shadow."

Although Jones has been named the sole suspect, authorities have not arrested him. Sheriff Hilkey says as long as investigators continue gathering evidence and Paige remains missing, that will likely stay the same.

"It means you've got to try to bring somebody successfully to justice," said Sheriff Hilkey. "We want to make sure we do that right."

Frank says not knowing what happened to his daughter gives him great pain.

"I think sometimes now, I find myself more angry that some men took it upon themselves to end all the hopes, the dreams, the aspirations of my daughter," said Frank Birgfeld.

But he says he agrees with authorities and says his emotions can't get in the way of how quickly someone is brought to justice.

"I absolutely don't want the District Attorney to bring a case that he doesn't have the full ability to win," said Frank Birgfeld.

Frank says he believes that case hinges on finding Paige, and that's just what he intends to do. He's made Grand Junction his second home.

"This is my life now," said Frank Birgfeld. "I really wish I could get in a different line of work."

While everyone hopes this year will shed more light on the case than the last, Frank says there's only one thing on his mind, exactly one year later.

"We miss her," said Frank Birgfeld.

Authorities say solving the case and finding Paige remains a top priority. Frank says he and his family are at their home in Denver spending time with Paige's three children for the next few weeks.

[PampMomof3]

Please keep Jennifer in our prayers and watch her story on Tuesday.


ORLANDO -- The case involving the disappearance of Jennifer Kesse is set to get new national attention this week.

Kesse's case, along with one of another missing young girl, will be profiled on the CBS show “48 Hours” on Tuesday, July 1 at 9 p.m.

Kesse has been missing for more than two years after vanishing back in January 2006.

Police said she was abducted from her condo near the Mall at Millenia. Her car was found three days later abandoned.

The most recent development in the case came back in April when police released photos of Kesse's purse and tattoo.

The purse is missing and police said it was most likely in Kesse’s possession when she was abducted.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

No real news yesterday or new developments after the rather shocking news story that came out on Saturday, the one year anniversary of Paige's disappearance.

Chefann suggested that we light 366 Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige). The goal was accomplished early Saturday evening, and as of this posting, there are still 452 candles are burning! I'm sure the total will drop to normal levels tomorrow.

On This Day In History...

...in 1859, The Great Blondin, real name, Jean-Francois Gravelet, stretched a tightrope across the Niagra River gorge, just downstream from the falls and became the first of several daredevils to perform the stunt, He was noted for repeating the feat several times, blindfolded, once carrying his manager, sitting down in the middle to cook an omelet or pushing a wheelbarrow while wearing a gorilla suit.

...in 1969, the last Rqambler came off the AMC assembly line. The "Kenosha Kadillac" was the brainchild of George Walter Mason at the conculsion of WWII. Mason knew independents, like Nash, Hudson, Studebaker and Packard, would have a great deal of trouble competing with the Big 3 once they shifted from war to peace time production. Hudson and Nash merged to form AMC, and leader of the company, George Romney, coined the term, "gas-guzzling dinosaur" to describe the products coming from the Big 3. The Rambler kept AMC in business through those tumultuous times. What was left of AMC was acquired by Chrysler Corporation in 1987.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/1958_Rambler_sedan_pink_and_white_NJ.jpg
1958 Rambler

...inn 1936, Margaret Mitchell published her first and only novel, Gone With The Wind. It created quite a stir. Some hated it for making the South the protagonists, and for romanticizing the elitist society of slave owners. That was probably what made it sell so well, for telling the story of the war from the viewpoint of the defeated. It sold millions of copies, was adopted into a blockbuster movie and earned Mitchell the Pulitzer Prize.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[PampMomof3]

454 now....

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 165 candles, as the many candles lit last Saturdday are now going out, remember, candles go out after 48 hours and many people lit many candles on the special day. We're going back to regular levels, but that doesn't mean you should stop lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1867, Great Britain recognized The Dominion of Canada as an independent nation with the passage of the British North American Act.

...in 1868, Theodore Roosevelt led the "Rough Riders" as a part of the force that charged up San Juan Hill to take the hill during the famous battle.

...in 1919, Dwight Eisenhower married Mamie Geneva Doud. Mamie was born in Boone, Iowa, which is on the Lincoln Highway. In 1919, Eisenhower was part of the army's first motorized convoy across the United States, on the Lincoln Highway. As President, Eisenhower would remember his two month adventure on the Lincoln when he asked Congress to build the Interstate Highway System in 1955. Eisenhower passed away in 1969, Mamie passed in 1979 at the age of 82.

...in 1956, speaking of Dwight Eisenhower, the Highway Revenue Act took effect, setting into motion the building of his Interstate Highway System, inspired by the Lincoln Highway convoy and Germany's Autobahn.

...in 1941, NBC aired the first commercial allowed by the FCC, beginning an American institution that we all hate, except it gives us a chance to hit the kitchen for chips and dip.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so the usual phrase repeats: No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are holding up at 179 candles! Remember, candles go out after 48 hours and many people lit many candles on the special day. We're going back to regular levels, but that doesn't mean you should stop lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1881, President James A. Garfield was shot by an assassin. He survived for 80 days and was recovering at the New Jersey seaside when he suddenly died. His assassin, a disgruntled applicant for a federal appointment he did not get, was convicted and hung on June 30, 1882.

...in 1863, the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg began with General Lee's Army of the Northern Virginia attacking General George Meade's Army of the Potomac at Culp's Hill and Little Round Top. The Union army was not moved from their positions. This day represented the fiercest fighting of the battle with both sides suffering heavy casualties.

...in 1890, the Sherman Anti-Trust Act was passed. The idea was to head off the formation of monopolies that could control prices of any given commodity. The bill was well intended but weak language left it open to broad interpretation and lots of litigation. Sounds kinda modern, doesn't it?

...in 1776, the Continental Congress voted on Richard Henry Lee's resolution that the thirteen colonies are and ought to be, free and independent from Great Britain. The vote was unanimous, except for New York. The delegation had not been directed of which way to vote, and with no direction, abstained. John Adams declared that July 2 would be remembered forever with pomp, parade and fireworks. He was only incorrect on the date, July 4, when Thomas Jefferson's edited Declaration of Independence was adopted.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

I'm not quite sure what this means, but it does seem to indicate something, don't you think? Note the last line.

Wife of Murder Victim Hires Attorney

Posted on July 2, 2008 by Rick Adams
Link: KREX-TV Grand Junction (http://www.krextv.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=3114)

Alan Helmick's widow has hired a defense attorney. You may remember, Helmick was gunned down in his Whitewater home and according to initial reports his wife Miriam found him dead when she returned home. At first, Sheriff investigators thought they had a robbery homicide on their hands and since that fateful day on June 10th, the Mesa County Sheriff's Office has been tight lipped regarding the course of their investigation or potential suspects.

But now, NewsChannel 5 has learned, Miriam Helmick has hired a criminal defense attorney. In an email to a producer at CBS 48 Hours, attorney Colleen Scissors writes: "This office represents Ms. Helmick. As you can imagine, these are very difficult times for her. She has asked me to advise you that she does not wish to speak with the media." Miriam Helmick has not officially been named a suspect in the case. On a side note, Scissors is the same attorney representing Lester Jones, the sole supsect in the Paige Birgfeld disappearance.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so the usual phrase repeats: No news, no new developments.

In one interesting development, there is an unsolved murder case in Grand Junction. The same lawyer who is working for Hannibal Lester has gone to work for the widow of the murdered man. It does raise one's eyebrows, doesn't it?

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are holding at 161 candles! Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1863, July 3 was the last day of the Battle of Gettysburg. General Lee's Army of the Northern Virginia had failed in attacking General George Meade's Army of the Potomac on the left and right at Culp's Hill and Little Round Top. The Union army was not moved from their positions, so on the third day, he attacked the center. Cannonade was intense from both sides. At 3 PM, General George Pickett led 15,000 men into no man's land, only to find that Lee's bombardment had failed. In less than an hour, 7,000 Confederate troops were either dead or captured. It was the turning point of the war, Lee retreated south, the last foray into Union territory.

...in 1978, Ernest Breech passed away in Royal Oak, Michigan at the age of 81. Breech took over the chairmanship of the ailing Ford Motor Company in 1955. The company had been reeling since the unexpected death of Edsel Ford in 1943, when Henry Ford II was pulled from the Navy to take over the colossus his grandfather had built. When Breech took over, Ford was hemorrhaging money. He instituted a modern management model and when he left Ford in 1960, the company was earning $500 million a year.

...in 1971, Jim Morrison was found dead in a bathtub in Paris. Morrison's band, The Doors was named after Aldous Huxley's book, The Doors of Perception. (Look it up for a surprise that isn't much of a surprise.) Their most famous hit was their first, Light My Fire, in 1967.

...in 1775, George Washington took command of the Continental Army for the Revolutionary War.

That's it. That's all we know as of 1:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Happy Independence Day!

http://www.cybergifs.com/fireworks/Iblueworks.gif

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so the usual phrase repeats: No news, no new developments.

There is a rumor going around that Paige's story may be mentioned on Dateline on NBC Sunday night. I know nothing that proves or disproves this, but I thought you might like to know.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are back up to 186 candles! Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1826, old friends and patriots, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, passed away within hours of one another on the day they helped make famous. After the Declaration of Independence was signed, Adams went to France as ambassador while Jefferson went home to Virginia to be governor. Adams later became Vice-President under Washington and Jefferson was appointed Secretary of State. Adams and Jefferson developed very different political ideals, Adams' Federalist Party supported a strong Federal government and conservative property rights. Jefferson's Democratic-Republicans, which grew into the Democrat Party, was more interested in less government and states' rights. (Ironically, just the opposite of today's Democrat party ideals.) Adams and Jefferson both retired to their farms but kept up a lively correspondence that today, still document American political ideals.

...in 1954, in Cleveland, the wife of Dr. Sam Sheppard, Marilyn, was beaten to death in her home while Dr. Sheppard slept in another room. He claimed he saw a bushy-haired man fleeing the scene. Jurors were influenced by media reports proclaiming Sheppard's guilt and convicted him. His conviction was overturned in 1966 because of the jury's prejudiced convictions. The story influenced the creation of the Quinn Martin television series, The Fugitive. DNA testing of crime scene evidence in 1998 vindicated the late Dr. Sheppard.

...in 1804, Lewis & Clark celebrate the first 4th of July west of the Mississippi. The date was marked by naming a waterway, "Independence Creek." At dusk, they fired their cannon and an extra ration of whiskey was doled out.

...in 1917, American WWI troops celebrate Independence Day by marching through Paris to the tomb of Marquis de Lafayette, a member of the French aristocracy and hero of the American Revolution.

...in 1776, the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence to support the approval of declaring independence on July 2. The Declaration came 442 days after the Revolutionary War began in Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts on April 19, 1775. New York did not approve the document until July 19 and John Hanc0ck's signature stood pretty much alone until August 2, by which time, everyone had signed it. Each signer risked their lives and properties as official traitors to the English Crown. Ben Franklin was quoted as saying, "We most certainly will all hang together or hang separately." Thank God they all took the risk!

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

http://www.cybergifs.com/fireworks/fireworks.gifhttp://www.cybergifs.com/fireworks/Ifireworks.gifhttp://www.cybergifs.com/fireworks/Ifireworks2.gif

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Reflecting on freedom this Fourth of July

By Mike Sterling
Link: Grand Junction Free Press (http://www.gjfreepress.com/article/20080704/COLUMNISTS/596519185/1062/&ParentProfile=1059&Profile=1001&parentprofile=-1)

I’m reflecting on the Fourth of July and what it meant to me as a child growing up. Back then, it was the defining celebration of the greatest country in the world — “the land of the free and the home of the brave.” On that day we were proud to be free, and self-determined citizens of a nation built by real people, possessing real talents resulting in real and tangible results.

That was the legacy of our forefathers I hoped to pass on to my daughter, Christina (Tina) Goldie Sterling-Soffel.

Three years ago Tina called me, upset that she was forced into a DUI checkpoint after watching fireworks in Loma. “Why don’t they spend that money fighting real crime,” she said. The $3 million spent that year on “the heat is on” was justified later with a significant increase in the number of arrests.

My beloved, beautiful and talented daughter was killed on Jan. 15, 2008, when she stopped to render aid at an accident site. Stopping to render aid used to be a legal requirement attached to the “driving privilege.”

From the moment Tina was born I was in a continuous battle with all those around her over her safety and well being. Yet try as I might I couldn’t keep careless idiots from causing her harm. I brought her to Colorado in 1993. Tina’s high school years were reasonably good except for the small-town bigotry and discrimination she battled.

Through it all Tina worked hard and put herself through college. Many times she would get discouraged. She had to put her education on hold after her mother developed terminal cancer. Tina stepped up and supported her mother, who died in her arms.

She would express her anxiety to me often — most of her friends had already graduated. I would tell her to hang in there, that she would succeed and build a wonderful life. I told Tina that her work experience and achievements more than made up for the delay in getting her degree.

And so she did, she worked and got not one, but three degrees, completing in December 2007. While she worked and studied, she bought a home, married Michael Soffel and mentored his daughter and sister. Her future was full of promise; she and Michael were planning children. She somehow found time to volunteer for the Relay for Life and search for her missing friend Paige Birgfeld.

And then less than a month later, an idiot stole her life away in one brutal act of stupidity. Tina did not even have the opportunity to formally accept her hard-earned degrees — her family had to accept them in May posthumously.

All the sacrifice, hard work, hopes and dreams were gone in a blinding flash. One brilliant and beautiful young woman was killed. Gone forever. I will not see Tina have children; I will not see her children grow up. Every Christmas, Thanksgiving and Oct. 12 will be absent of her presence. I can’t hear her voice, see her beautiful smile, feel the warmth of her presence or witness the sparkle in her eyes. She’s gone. Forever.

She was killed by a moronic idiot in a hell-bent frenzy to reach the next exit two seconds faster. Ignoring the flashing hazards on the tractor-trailer in front of him. The moron shot around the semi and ended Tina’s life. With her brand new Chrysler parked safely off the right shoulder, Tina lay dying in the median. They tell me she took 10 minutes to die. Every night my soul screams, “What was she thinking for those 10 minutes? Why me? Where’s my Dad? How come he didn’t protect me?” The list goes on. My rage is only exceeded by my profound sorrow. The world lost a marvelous young woman on Jan. 15, 2008.

The DA now says there’s not enough evidence to prosecute the driver who killed her.

Meanwhile the volume is turned up on DUI and seatbelt enforcement.

Instead of celebrating my daughter’s magnificent achievements, this year I’m left to designing her tombstone and contemplating law enforcement’s mission statement.

At this writing I’ve just been informed of an event that adds bitter irony to everything. On June 25, a suspected drunk driver was arrested after his truck struck a guardrail on Interstate 70, catching his own vehicle on fire and sparking a 3-mile long string of fires after he continued to drive.

Apparently no one was hurt and no one died. No structure was damaged by the fire. He was arrested, and I suspect he’ll be facing some serious charges from the district attorney’s office. The irony? The fire burned up the cross Tina’s friends and family put up and signed at the site of her death.


Mike Sterling is a Cedaredge resident.

[legacypc46]

Thanks for sharing KG. Sad to read his words.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

No real news yesterday or new developments, although, an interesting article did appear in the GJ Free Press yesterday, which is shown above.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are holding at 171 candles!

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1946, the first Summer after the way in Europe, Louis Reard, a French designer, introduced a daring new fashion design at a popular Paris swimming pool. The two piece bathing suit was dubbed a "bikini" because the United States had made an atomic test on the Bikini Atoll earlier that same week. Professional models refused to wear the new suit, so Reard hired a stripper to model the suit. Reard advertised that a swim suit was not a genuine Bikini unless it could be pulled through a wedding ring. The Bikini swept through Europe, but not in America, where prudish outlooks kept it away until 1960, when Brian Hyland's Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polka Dot Bikini became a hit in 1960.

...in 1865, Methodist Minister Willima Booth and his wife, Catherine, established the Christian Mission in London. The organization was modeled after the British army, complete with "officers" and "recruits." In 1878, the name was changed to The Salvation Army and opened a branch in Philadelphia. Today, it operates in more than 75 countries.

...inn 1933, Adolph Hitler appointed Fritz Todt to be in charge of German highways. His charter was to develop the Autobahn. The system was the envy of the world, and when General Eisenhower saw the speed and ease that the Wehrmacht was able to move materiel convinced him that good roads are essential to military efficiency with the side benefit of good economic development.

...in 1975, heavy favorite Jimmy Connors was defeated by Arthur Ashe to win the Wimbledon Championship, the first black man to ever do so.

...in 1954, Elvis Presley recorded That's All Right, Mama for Sam Phillips, which became a hit in Memphis. Some historians mark this recording as the birth of Rock an' Roll.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so the usual phrase repeats: No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), as usual, on the weekends, we have slipped to 86 candles. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1955, the Federal Air Pollution Control act was past, beginning the first serious study into automotive emissions.

...in 1862, Samuel Clemens began his career as a journalist with the Virginia City, NV Territorial Enterprise when his first work appeared on this date in 1862. His brother, Orion, became the governor of Nevada and Samual gladly followed him after spending four years on the Mississippi River. When his short story, The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calavaras County was published, he became a well known and celebrated author, known as Mark Twain.

...in 1976, the U.S. Naval Acadamy accepted 81 women as Midshipmen, for the very first time. In 1980, Elizabeth Anne Rowe became the first graduate.

...in 1957, Athea Gibson became the first African-American to win the women's singles at Wimbledon.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

It has come to my attention that NBC Dateline will be running a feature about Paige tonight. According to TV listings, Dateline is a two hour program tonight but the Paige piece is only going to appear in one of those two hours, and I have no idea which one.

This was rumored a few days ago in the Missing thread, but it appears that tonight is the night.

Check your local listings.

[lacychef]

I missed this post this morning KG, but did catch the last 20 minutes of the show. Do you know if the whole show is available online to watch?

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, however, an episode of NBC's Dateline aired last night. Early reviews by Cheffers are pretty much the same, the report was fair and concentrated on Paige, her family, her friends and her real life. The secret life, used in advertising teases, did not become a part of the report until about 40 minutes into it, and even then, it was presented as one more piece of the puzzle. It was not judgmental. Interviews with Frank, Susie, Paige's friends and Sheriff Hikey added to the presentation.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), as usual, on the weekends, we have slipped a little but we're back up to 100 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1976, the United States Military Academy, more commonly referred to as "West Point," enrolled women into the ranks of student. In 1980, 62 of them graduated into the army.

...in 2005, terrorists pulled off a coordinated suicide bomb attack in London. Three bombs detonated in "the tube" and one in a bus, all during rush hour. 56 people died, including the bombers, and over 700 were injured in the most gruesome attack on London since WII. Al Qaida claimed responsibility on September 1.

...in 1928, Chrysler Corporation unveiled the Plymouth line of midsize, "popular price" cars to compete with Ford and GM. At $670, the Plymouth was attractive and sold nearly 80,000 units. (In comparison, Ford sold 611,850 first-year 1928 Model A's. They actually sold more but were unable to deliver them due to start-up production problems and sold 1.5 million units in 1929.) Chrysler went on to purchase the Dodge line from the estates of John and Horace Dodge, then introduced the DeSoto. Chrysler was the only American car company to pay dividends during the Great Depression and even topped their 1929 sales figures in 1933. Production of the DeSoto line came in 1958 and the Plymouth nameplate was retired in 2001.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/1928-plymouth-archives.jpg/180px-1928-plymouth-archives.jpg

...in 1900, Warren Earp was shot and killed during a gunfight in Wilcox, Arizona. The youngest, and least famous, of the Earp brothers, along with the oldest Earp brother, James, did not participate in the shoot-out with the Clantons and McLaury's in Tombstone, Arizona, that has become known as the "Gunfight At The OK Corral." The gunfight become the stuff of legend for novelists and film makers, elevating Morgan, Virgil and Wyatt, along with a dentist known as Doc Holliday, to icon status of the west. Many folks do not know they were real people.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[pamperedbecky]

I have no idea if this is related or not to what is now happening with my laptop.....

I do a Google alert for any Paige stories that come through, as I know many of you do. One came through tonight and it was what I thought some type of blogger's website. It even had some text somewhere in what I clicked on that said "Models Inc." So I opened this email alert and it said I needed to download something to view it. Well dumb me clicked on a couple things to run something (I'm pretty computer illiterate sometimes) and now it seems that my laptop has some weird trojan crap going on. It started having all these pop-ups to fix it, but I think that is part of what got into my computer.

I'm sorry if I am not making sense, but if anyone happened to have the same thing occur, I'd love to know. NOw I'm using my desktop and may try to contact some computer-literate people tomorrow to see how I can the things off my laptop since I don't even know what a "safe" way to do this is.

Sorry for rambling, I'm just so confused and now I'm mad at myself for clicking on these things because it was something about Paige.:mad: Thanks for reading!

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

It sounds like some opportunist took advantage of the story on NBC to spread his little hobby. I'm sorry this happened to you - I did not get that alert. (I usually get google alerts about Paige after I've already posted the story here.)

The Models, Inc. page was taken down about a year ago.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Thanks, Chefann!

I haven't seen a video on the web, but there's a transcript here: The secret life of a soccer mom - Crime reports - MSNBC.com (http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/25559428/)

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, there has been no fallout, so far, from an episode of NBC's Dateline that aired Sunday night.

BEWARE! If you do a google search for Paige, you will be led to a blog site that is using the Models Inc. name. That was the name of Paige's business, and the real site was closed a year ago. DO NOT VISIT THIS SITE. Visitors to it have reported having their computers infected with a trojan horse.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), as usual, on the weekends, we slipped a little but we're back up to 119 candles as of this post. (We were as high as 126 today.) Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1951, the City of Paris celebrated its 2,000th birthday. Modern Paris is a city of 2 million and about 12 million in the metropolitan area. About 250 B.C., a tribe called the Parisii settled on an island in the River Seine, and by 52 B.C. the city had been taken over by the Roman Empire. As the city expanded from the island, the Left Bank became known as the intellectual center while the Right Bank became known for business. Paris is still known as the center for fashion, art and culture.

...in 1951, in Milwaukee, Joel Thorne rented a Cadillac and drove it in a 150 mile stock car race.

...in 1871, the New York Times began running a series of articles that exposed the incredible corruption in New York City government, run by William "Boss" Tweed who amassed a fortune in his post as head of the DPW. He died in prison in 1878.

...in 1960, Francis Gary Powers went on trial in the Soviet Union, charged with espionage. Powers was a pilot for the CIA, flying a U-2, a product of the Lockheed "Skunk Works." The secret aircraft was capable of flying at 70,000 feet, right on the edge of the atmosphere and well out of range of Soviet anti-aircraft missiles. The plane was equipped with cameras designed to shoot detailed photos from that altitude. The Soviets shot down the plane at a lower altitude as it crossed into Soviet airspace and Powers was unable to activate the self-destruct mechanism as he bailed out into the hands of the KGB. The plane was captured almost intact, leaving no doubt as to the mission and greatly embarrassing the Eisenhower administration. The incident set back Soviet-American relations for several years. Powers was released as part of a spy exchange. Employed to pilot a helicopter for a Los Angeles television station, he died in a 1977 crash when his helicopter ran out of fuel.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Usaf.u2.750pix.jpg/300px-Usaf.u2.750pix.jpg

The U-2 is still in service, used to gather intelligence and for calibration of satellites. It is very difficult to fly and worse to land. A modified Ford Mustang acts as a chase car during landings, so a pilot in the chase car can call out instrument readings to aid the pilot in landing the odd aircraft.

...in 1776, the Liberty Bell rang out from Independence Hall (as the building is now called) to call citizens to hear the first public reading of the Declaration of Independence. The bell is inscribed with the biblical quotation, "Proclaim Liberty Throughout All the Land unto All the Inhabitants Thereof." It cracked in 1835 during the funeral of Chief Justice John Marshall. The dulled sound of the bell was broadcast around the world on June 6, 1944 when Allied forces stormed Normandy. The bell was moved to its current site, a pavilion close to Independence Hall, in 1976.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, no developments, no news. I did discover a new website that seems to be a repository for videos and there are several listed for Paige. I've not had a chance to investigate it yet.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), as usual, on the weekends, we slipped a little but we're currently holding at 127 candles as of this post. (We were as high as 145 today.) Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1877, the All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club began holding a lawn tennis tournament in a town away from London, called Wimbledon. London and swallowed the town but not the tournament, and Wimbledon is recognized as the tennis tournament in the world, and is the only major tournament still held on grass.

...in 1919, Ford Motor Company was reorganized as a Delaware corporation and Edsel Ford was named as president. It was a clever ploy by Henry Ford to buy out minority stockholders in order for him to take 100% control of the auto company that bore his name. Two of the initial stockholders from the beginning in 1903, were brothers named John and Horace Dodge. They used their fortune to start their own automobile company and buying them out of Ford Motor Company was Henry's top priority. Although Edsel was listed as president, a post he held until he died in 1943, there was no doubt that Henry was in charge. When the buyout was complete, Ford Motor Company held 60% of the American car market.

...in 1948, Leroy "Satchel" Paige pitched two innings for the Cleveland Indians, making his major league debut in the recently integrated league. Arguably the greatest pitcher to ever play the game, Paige was known for his lightning fastball and a series of trick pitches that baffled batters. The nickname came from his boyhood days of handling luggage at the Mobile, Alabama train station. He was also known for his pithy sayings, bravado and showmanship. In an exhibition game, after hearing racial insults from a white batter, he called the outfielders in and had the other eight players sit in a semi circle behind the mound. He then struck out the side. He pitched for the Kansas City Athletics in 1965 at the age of 59, well, maybe. No one really knows his age but is recognized as the oldest player to pitch in the major leagues and he was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1971. His secret? "Avoid fried foods that angry up the blood." He was one of a kind.

...in 1960, President Dwight Eisenhower and Soviet Premier Krushchev began exchanging heated words over Cuba. Fidel Castro had overthrown the Cuban government in January, 1959. The already tense atmosphere between the giants (see yesterday's update) escalated as Krushchev vowed to make Cuba a Communist regime. United States corporations had their Cuban facilities nationalized and Castro expelled American personnel. Cuba began shipping sugar to Russia instead of the United States, causing a food price crisis not unlike today's oil price escalations. Eisenhower began to design an overthrow of the Castro regime, a plan that John Kennedy inherited and resulted in the failed Bay of Pigs invasion. Eisenhower severed diplomatic ties with Cuba, which still stands, and the Cuban situation reached its peak in May, 1963 with the missile crisis.

...in 1941, British cryptologists broke the German army Enigma codes. The Enigma machine was a complex coding device that required the same device to decode messages. The Germans thought the Enigma code to be unbreakable, but they were wrong. Little known was that a cryptologist built a secret analog computer that helped break the codes, the device was destroyed at the end of the war and kept secret. It is only in the last few years that the story of the world's first computer, built to decrypt Enigma messages, have come to light.

...in 1947, Florence Blanchfield was made a lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Army, the first woman to hold a permanent officer rank. She had been an Army nurse since 1917 and served as superintendent of the Army Nurse Corps during WW II. A hospital in Fort Campbell, Kentucky was named for her in 1978.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are holding at 137 candles. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1907, a post office was established in Oldsmar, Florida. The town was a planned community designed and backed by Ransom Eli Olds, the founder of Oldsmoblie and REO Trucks. Olds was not successful and wound up selling out and losing over $3 million dollars, a massive sum of money in 1907!

...in 1925, the Scopes Monkey Trial began in Dayton, Tennessee. A Tennessee law stated that it was a misdemeanor to "...teach any theory that denies the story of the Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible, and to teach instead that man has descended from a lower order of animals." A teacher, John Scopes, had conspired with the ACLU [what a surprise :rolleyes:] to get arrested and go to trial to challenge the law. High profile lawyers, Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan, took center stage. Darrow humiliated Bryan for his fundamentalist viewpoints. Bryan died just five days after the trial ended. The guilty verdict was overturned by the Tennessee Supreme Court on a technicality and the law's constitutionality was not resolved until 1968 when the Supreme Court overturned a similar Arkansas law based on the First Amendment.

...in 1992, the conviction of Joseph Hazelwood was overturned by the Alaskan court of appeals. Hazelwood had been the captain of the Exxon Valdez when it ran aground and caused the largest environmental disaster in American history. The Exxon Valdez was repaired and rechristened the Sea River Mediterranean and still transports oil, but is prohibited from entering Prince William Sound.

...in 1940, the German Lüftwaffe began the first of many bombing raids against England, beginning the Battle of Britain. The British Air Force, although badly outnumbered, had the advantage. First, because Britain had radar, making sneak attacks virtually impossible. The Spitfire could out maneuver the German ME-109, Hurricanes were equipped with a 40mm cannon and American Browning machine guns. When it was over, three and a half months later, Winston Churchill said, "Never have so many owed so much to so few."

...in 1861, the Confederate States of America signed a treaty with the Creek Indians. This may have given rise to the old saw, "God willing, and if the Creek don't rise!" Yes, that is what that saying means and as James Thurber used to say, "You could look it up."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 120 candles, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1979, Skylab, the first American space station, crashed to earth in a spectacular firely re-entry and crashed into the Indian Ocean. There were no injuries. The last manned use of Skylab had been five years prior and the orbit simply degraded, causing the crash. Space junk crashing to earth was nothing new, part of a Soviet Sputnik survived re-entry and landed in Manitowoc, Wisconsin's 8th Street in 1964.

...in 1916, President Woodrow Wilson signed the Federal Highway Act, providing funding to states to build and maintain roads. In 1913, the Lincoln Highway Association began to build America's first coast-to-coast paved highway, educating Americans to the need for good roads. The Federal Highway Act was not far reaching, but did pave the way (so to speak) for the good roads movement to expand. It was not until another highway act was passed in 1926 that today's familiar system of highways came to be.

...in 1804, Alexander Hamilton died at the hands of Aaron Burr in a duel. Both men were from New York, but the duel was held in Weehawkin, NJ because New Jersey did not have a law against dueling but New York did.

...in 1938, Orson Wells and John Houseman went on network radio with the Mercury Theater on the Air. The anthology provided weekly drama, and is best remembered for their presentation of The War of The Worlds at Halloween, setting off a panic as people believed it to be a true news broadcast and that the Martians were really invading Earth.

...in 1985, sanity returned to make everything right with the world. Arguably the most colossal marketing error in history was made in 1985 when Coca-Cola decided to screw with a winner and introduce "New Coke." The "Cola Wars" had pretty much shaken out all competitors except Coke and Pepsi. A lively competition between Coke and Pepsi had gone on for decades, and in an attempt to take over the market entirely, Coke officials thought they had a winner in "New Coke." They didn't. The public hated it and demanded the return of the product it loved. On July 11, Coca-Cola announced the return of "Classic Coke" and tried to keep the new formula on the market as just plain, "Coke." Officials finally quietly admitted that they had made a blunder with "New Coke."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are holding at 120 candles. Remember, your candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1861, Wild Bill Hickok was involved in a gunfight in Rock Creek, Nebraska where he coolly shot three men. Harper's New Monthly Magazine published a report of the gun fight, claiming he had shot nine men singlehandedly. For another 15 years, he performed actual feats of bravado, but again, the legend grew larger than the real events. He died in 1876, shot in the head by a would-be gunfighter.

...in 1957, President Dwight Eisenhower became the first President to fly in a helicopter. Igor Sikorsky made the first successful helicopter flight in 1939, the army did not begin serious testing of helicopters until 1947. Ten years later, President Eisenhower asked the Secret Service who looked into it and approved the idea. A Bell 47-J, a newer version of the 47-G that is familiar to anyone who ever watched M*A*S*H. The helicopter was used to take Eisenhower to Camp David and to his farm that adjoins the battlefield at Gettysburg.

http://www.bell47helicopterassociation.org/bell%2047%20j2a%20la.jpg
Bell 47-J Helicopter

...in 1862, President Abraham Lincoln signed a bill to create the Congressional Medal of Honor. The law was originally designated for enlisted men during the Civil War. It was later made permanent and expanded to all ranks. The award is conferred upon those who, in combat, have risked their lives above and beyond the call of duty.

...in 1984, Walter Mondale had secured the Democrat Party nomination for President, and announced on July 12 that Representative Geraldine Ferraro, of New York, would be his running mate. Ferraro made history by being the first woman to be nominated to run for Vice-President. She held her own in a tough campaign, but the ticket lost to Ronald Reagan in a landslide.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

As usual, weekends continue to be slow for news. As a result, there was no news and there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. We can only hope that the refocused attention brought by CBS News and NBC News might begin to shake out some new clues.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 120 candles, candles go out after 48 hours. When you visit the Gratefulness site, the names on Paige's candles all seem to be the usual suspects - so if you have never lit a candle, of haven't lit a candle lately, click on the link above and light a candle for Paige and another for each of her three children. Help keep her alive in our hearts and our minds.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1985, Princess Diana and Prince Charles opened the Live Aid concert at Wembly Stadium in London. The Live Aid concert was also held in JFK Stadium in Philadelphia, with a live television hookup. Phil Collins performed at Wembly, took the Concorde to the United States and played in Philadelphia - the only musician to play in both venues. Live Aid was the brainchild of Bob Geldof. Many of the musicians involved had recorded Do They Know It's Christmas and in the United States, a similar group released We Are The World written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Ritchie. All proceeds from both recordings went to famine relief, and both recordings quickly went to #1 on the charts of both countries. Eventually, $127 Million was raised for famine relief.

...in 1960, John F. Kennedy was nominated as the Democrat candidate for President, narrowly defeating Lyndon Johnson of Texas. The next day, Johnson was chosen to be Kennedy's running mate. In November, the Kennedy-Johnson ticket defeated Richard Nixon and Henry Cabot Lodge by the narrowest margin in history. The Kennedy-Johnson ticket carried 49.7% while the for Nixon-Lodge ticket took 49.6%. Kennedy would not live out his term, he was assassinated on November 22, 1963.*

...in 1995, Chrysler Corporation opened a dealership in Hanoi, Viet Nam and one week later in Ho Chi Minh City. Chrysler had a long-term goal of building assembly plants in Viet Nam, as did Ford and Toyota. Chrysler anticipated selling 60,000 vehicles per year in Viet Nam. Some veterans' groups were not pleased with Chrysler's decision to open the Viet Nam market, but other groups felt it was time to move on. They viewed Chrysler's operations were a way of promoting healing and a way of opening access to the country.

...in 1938, a television theater opened in Boston. About 200 people paid 25¢ to watch a 9x12 black and white screen. Development of television would stop during the war and commercial broadcasts would not become widespread until after the war. Of course, a side benefit of television development was Radar, an incredibly important tool for WW II.

...in 1930, the first World Cup Tournament was held in Montevideo, Uruguay. France defeated Mexico 4-1 and the United States defeated Belgium 3-0 in the first matches ever held simultaneously. Soccer had been dropped from the 1932 Olympics in Los Angeles, so the international sanctioning body, FIFA, helped to organize a world tournament in 1930. Uruguay had won the gold metals in the Olympics of 1924 (Paris) and 1928 (Amsterdam) was selected to host the tournament, a most unpopular decision. (It would be like the NFL having scheduled all playoff games in Dallas in the 1990's.) On July 30, 1930, Uruguay defeated Argentina as 93,000 fans watched. The World Cup is now the largest spectator event in the world.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/LiveAidlogo.jpg/230px-LiveAidlogo.jpg


Footnote: Yes, the Kennedy-Nixon vote was closer than the 2000 Bush-Gore vote. Four times in American history, a President who lost the popular vote has won the election, John Quincy Adams in 1824, Rutherford B. Hayes in 1876, Benjamin Harrison in 1888 and George W. Bush in 2000. Grover Cleveland, who had defeated Harrison in the popular vote but lost in the Electoral College, came back in 1892 to oust Harrison by a wide margin in both popular and electoral votes.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

As usual, weekends continue to be slow for news. As a result, there was no news and there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. We can only hope that the refocused attention brought by CBS News and NBC News might begin to shake out some new clues.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 93 candles; the total often drops off on weekends. Remember, your candles go out after 48 hours. Some people are remembering to light candles for Paige's three children too.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298). You can click on any candle to read the message and see who lit it.

On This Day In HIstory...

...in 1955, Volkswagen introduced the Karmann-Ghia in an attempt to have an upscale image car. Ford had the Thunderbird, Chevrolet had the Corvette and Chrysler had proposed several dream cars, none of which came to market. Volkswagen contracted with body builder, Karmann who, in turn, contracted with Ghia Studios. Ghia used an unused deign, probably for Chrysler or Studebaker, and converted it to fit on the VW chassis. It had sleek lines and looked sharp, but with VW's 36hp engine, it was a sheep in wolf's clothing. (Picture a Concorde with prop engines.) With a larger engine, it sold well and maintained its popularity well into the 1970's, being discontinued in 1974.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/VW_Karmann_Ghia_Typ_14_-_BJ_1967_Cabriolet_-_von_links_vorne.jpg/250px-VW_Karmann_Ghia_Typ_14_-_BJ_1967_Cabriolet_-_von_links_vorne.jpg
1967 Karmann Ghia Cabriolet

...in 1881, Henry McCarty was shot to death at the Maxwell Ranch in New Mexico by Sheriff Pat Garrett. McCarty was the most wanted man in the west, popularly known as, "Billy the Kid." On April 1, 1878, Billy the Kid shot Sheriff William Brady and a deputy in Lincoln, New Mexico as a part of the range wars. Brady had sided with ranchers opposed to Billy the Kid's employer, John Tunstall. Brady had shot and killed Tunstall and Billy the Kid vowed to kill everyone who had been involved in the murder. At the age of 18, Billy the Kid had murdered 17 men. When captured, at his trial, the judge sentenced him to hang "...until you are dead, dead, dead." Billy replied, "You can go to hell, hell, hell." He escaped, killing two guards, but was shot to death in an ambush by Garrett in a justifiable homicide.

...in 1882, speaking of western legends, John "Dutch" Ringo was found dead in Turkey Creek, Arizona. He was the basis of so many western characters that it's difficult to remember that he was a real person! Ringo quoted Shakespeare and had a wit as quick as his gun. In Tombstone at the same time, he was not a part of the famous gunfight at the OK Corral. He did challenge Doc Holliday to a duel, which Doc declined. On this date, his body was found and was declared a suicide, although, two of his companions were suspected of shooting him, and later, Wyatt Earp claimed to have shot him. The reality of his death remains a mystery.

...in 1079, the first crusade captured Jerusalem from the Turks.

...in 1789, French Revolutionaries attacked and took control of the Bastille. Originally built in 1370 as a fortress to protect Paris from British attack, it had become a prison for political prisoners, held without trial, and a symbol of the tyranny of the rule of Louis XVI and his wife, Marie Antoinette. The revolution was a bloody decade, and in 1793, Louis and Marie had a date with Madame Guillotine and were buried, slightly shorter than they had been in life.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Back to a typical Monday, there was no news and there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. We can only hope that the refocused attention brought by CBS News and NBC News might begin to shake out some new clues.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are back up to 105 candles after dropping off over the weekend. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298). Be sure to light three extras for Paige's children!

On This Day In History...

...in 1971, President Richard M. Nixon announced that he would visit Communist China. It was an announcement that stunned many, as Nixon had been a staunch anti-communist since 1949. The goal was to normalize relations with China, partially to help seek peace in Viet Nam (North Viet Nam was a Chinese ally) and to help put pressure on the Soviet Union, who had recently severed ties with China. Neither worked, but it did open the door to trade with China.

...in 1992, Bill Clinton was declared the Democrat candidate for President to run against President George H.W. Bush. Clinton won the election with only 43% of the popular vote. President Bush received 37.4% and independent, Ross Perot, received 18.9% of the vote. (In 1996, President Clinton would defeat Senator Bob Dole of Kansas with 49.24% of the vote, meaning he never had a majority vote for President, one of three Presidents to never enjoy a majority vote. Fifteen Presidents have been elected with less than the majority of the popular vote, including Abraham Lincoln, Harry Truman and Richard Nixon.)

...in 1964, Senator Barry Goldwater, of Arizona, was declared the Republican candidate fro President to run against President Lyndon Johnson. The Democrats portrayed him as a warmonger, with an effective television ad that had no words or voice over. It portrayed a little girl holding a flower, followed by a mushroom cloud. Johnson won the popular vote, 61% to 39%. In a twist of irony, Johnson escalated the American involvement in Viet Nam.

...in 1606, Rembrandt van Rijn was born in Leiden, The Netherlands. His painting style reflected a depth of the human spirit and his rich colors and brush work are still much appreciated today. He work included over 600 paintings, several self portraits and portraiture. He died in 1669.

...in 1806, Zebulon Pike set out from Missouri through Kansas and Nebraska to find the source of the Arkansas (pronounced "Ar-kan-sas") River and to explore the American Southwest. In his travels, he found the mountain that bears his name then headed south. He was intercepted by Spanish officials who charged him with illegal entry into New Mexico. (Sounds familiar, doesn't it?) His party was escorted to Santa Fe, to Chihuahua, up through Texas and finally to the Louisiana border. He reported back to Washington on the strength of the Spanish military in what is now the Southwest of the United States. He died in 1913 during the War of 1812.

...in 1939, Carl Fisher died in Miami at the age of 65. An extraordinary entrepeneuer, Fisher became a multi-millionaire with Prest-O-Lite Corporation, manufacturing a system that produced carbide gas on an automobile's running board to fuel headlights. In 1910, he bought land west of Indianapolis and built a 2-1/2 mile track that was paved with bricks. He offered a huge purse for a 500 mile race, and to this day, the Indianapolis 500 is the premier automobile race in the world and the track is still known as, "The Brickyard." In 1912, he proposed the building of a paved highway from coast-to-coast which became the Lincoln Highway. Later, he developed the Dixie Highway, to lead northerners to Florida, directly to his new development, Miami Beach. A bad land investment on Long Island, NY, the crash of land values in Florida in 1926 and the stock market crash of 1929 bankrupted him, and he died, essentially penniless, on this day in 1939.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

Think you know about the Presidents? Try this little quiz about the first ten Presidents (http://www.teachervision.fen.com/us-presidency/quiz/2763.htm) and see if you're as smart as a Fourth Grader.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Tuesday continued the week like Monday, there was no news and there were no new developments in Paige's case. The refocused attention brought by CBS News and NBC News has apparently not shaken out any new clues, at least, that we know of.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 101 candles; the total dropped off on the weekend and hasn't come back up yet. Remember, your candles go out after 48 hours. Some people are remembering to light candles for Paige's three children too.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298). You can click on any candle to read the message and who lit it.

On This Day In History...

...in 1790, Washington D.C became the official seat of the United States Government. The site chosen by congress was swamp, mosquito-infested, humid and muddy but offered access to navigable rivers. The federal District of Columbia was named after the Revolutionary War hero and first President, George Washington. The city was designed by French architect, Pierre L'Enfant and in 1793, construction of the President's Mansion began (later renamed The White House) although Washington would never live in it. It was not completed until 1800 and was burned by the British in the War of 1812 but remains the most recognizable address in the United States, 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue.

...in 1969, Apollo 11 was launched from Cape Canaveral in the first manned mission to the moon. Michael Collins, Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong rode the enormous Saturn V rocket to infamy. Armstrong and Aldrin would ride the lunar module, named Eagle to the moon's surface on July 20. Armstrong became the first man to set foot on the moon. When Apollo 11 successfully splashed down on July 24, the mission fulfilled the late President John F. Kennedy's goal of successfully landing a man on the moon and safely returning him home, and beating the Russians to it.

...in 1999, John F. Kennedy, Junior perished in a plane crash in the Atlantic Ocean. He was piloting a Piper Saratoga on a dark night over 200 miles of the Atlantic Ocean between New Jersey and Martha's Vineyard. The wreckage was found in 116 feet of water, about 8 miles from land. The bodies of Kennedy, his wife Carolyn and her sister, Lauren Bessette were recovered by Navy divers on July 21.

...in 1779, General Anthony Wayne earned his nickname, "Mad" Anthony Wayne for enthusiastically accepting a mission against the British that was thought to be a sure failure, but he pulled it off with a minimum of casualties. In 1794, he went on to win battles against British-backed Indians the Northwest Territory near what is now Toledo, gaining much of the land that now comprises Ohio, Indiana and Michigan. Many cities, counties, schools and companies in the area bear his name.

...in 1945, The Manhattan Project proved its worth in Almagordo, New Mexico with the detonation of the first nuclear bomb in history. Plans for a uranium device began in 1939 when Italian immigrant Enrico Fermi, proposed using fissionable materials as a weapon. Albert Einstein wrote to President Roosevelt supporting the theory that an uncontrolled chain reaction would wreak immeasurable damage. With a fear that Axis powers were working on such a project, the government made a grant for research. Fermi created the first controlled chain reaction at the University of Chicago in 1943. The research continued in New Mexico under Robert J. Oppenheimer, with Fermi and several other of the most brilliant minds in America. The $6,000 grant ballooned into $2 billion, an incredible amount of money in 1945. On July 16, 1945, the first device was detonated and the world would never be the same.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

It's been almost a year since we heard from David Lohr, just a few days short of a year. He's writing for the Discover Channel now, and posted an entry in his blog there.

I'm not going to post it, but you're welcome to go read it, if you like.

Paige Birgfeld Case Remains a Priority for the Mesa County Sheriff's Office (http://blogs.discovery.com/criminal_report/2008/07/paige-birgfeld.html)

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There was one new development in Paige's case yesterday but it wasn't that big a deal. It's been almost a year since we heard from David Lohr, just a few days short of a year. He's writing for the Discover Channel now, and posted an entry in his blog there.

I'm not going to post it, but you're welcome to go read it, if you like.

Paige Birgfeld Case Remains a Priority for the Mesa County Sheriff's Office (http://blogs.discovery.com/criminal_report/2008/07/paige-birgfeld.html)

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 87 candles now. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours but that doesn't mean you should stop lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...(And it has been a very busy date!)...

...in 1776, General William Howe and his brother, Admiral Richard Viscount Howe sent a letter to General George Washington, offering to open peace negotiations. Washington refused the letter, and did not open it, because it was addressed to "George Washington" leaving out his title of "General." To do so would have meant recognition of the military of the united colonies. The "snub" forced the Howes to attack, taking Long Island.

...in 1955, the Happiest Place on Earth opened in Anaheim, California as Walt Disney's dream, Disneyland, opened. Disney was a commercial artist from Chicago who moved to Los Angeles for the weather. A short film in 1928 called Steamboat Willy starred Mickey Mouse and the Disney empire was launched. Opening day of Disneyland was by invitation only, but thousands of counterfeit invitations were distributed and the park was overrun with uninvited guests. Food and drink ran out, rides broke down and the Mark Twain steamboat almost capsized from being overloaded. The park recovered though, and today 14 million guests visit Disneyland and the park grosses $3 billion per year.

...in 1938, Douglas Corrigan took off from New York to fly to the west coast. Where he wound up was not what anyone, except Corrigan, expected. He was a mechanic for Charles A. Lindbergh on the Spirit of St. Louis, but Corrigan wanted to have a larger piece of history. He bought a 1929 Curtiss Robin aircraft from the junkyard and restored it. He also modified it for long distance flight and flew from California to New York non stop. That was nothing new, by any means, the press was amazed that his old jalopy made it. He filed a flight plan for Europe, and was denied because it was deemed suicide. He modified his flight plan to return to California, took off, banked 180º and disappeared into a cloud bank. 28 hours later, he touched down in Dublin, Ireland, jumped out and said, "Where am I?" Wrong Way Corrigan became a celebrity and another term found its way into the American lexicon.

...in 1941, a message containing British military information was transmitted from England to Germany, sent by Spaniard Juan Pujol Garcia under the codename, "Garbo." His spy ring was international, with a Dutch airline steward, a censor from the British Ministry of Information, an American GI stationed in England, a Cabinet office clerk and a Welch fascist. The Germans knew him as "Arabel" while the English knew him as Garbo. Oh, the British knew all about Garbo - he was a double agent and his ring was fictional. The Germans trusted him, though, and the distribution of disinformation was an integral part of the British war effort. Hitler awarded him the Iron Cross for his efforts! Garbo's most important disinformation came in June 1944, when he convinced Hitler that the invasion of Normandy was a diversionary tactic, designed to draw defensive forces away from the primary objective. Hitler bought it hook, line and sinker because it confirmed what German strategists already believed. Of course, it was the main invasion force and by the time the Wermacht figured it out, the Allies were well entrenched on the beaches.

...also in 1941, Joe DeMaggio failed to get a hit against the Cleveland Indians, bringing his hitting streak to an end at 56 games. DiMaggio hit .408 during his streak (91 for 223), with 15 home runs and 55 RBI. It is a feat that may never be equaled. The most recent threat to the record was Paul Molitor who had a streak of 39 games when playing for the Milwaukee Brewers in 1987. More recently, Jimmy Rollins of the Phillies had two streaks of 38 and 36 games in 2005 and 2006.

...in 1996, TWA Flight 800 exploded over the Atlantic Ocean, killing all 230 people onboard. Suspicions of terrorism were immediate reactions but no terrorist group claimed the deed. There were unsubstantiated reports of a missile having been seen launched from Long Island, but that was never proven. The wreckage was retrieved from the ocean floor and reassembled in a secure hanger and in 1998, mechanical failure was deemed to be the cause of the explosion.

...in 1945, the Pottsdam Conference convened with President Harry Truman, Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in attendance to determine control of postwar Germany and Europe as well as to discuss the ongoing Pacific war with Japan. The conference was shadowed by mistrust and each power more concerned with its own interests than the future of Europe. The British electorate ousted Chruchill's Conservative Party and the Labour Party's Clement Attlee was now the Prime Minister. Chruchill returned to Britain and with him gone from the conference, the Iron Curtain began to close upon Eastern Europe and the Cold War began.

...in 1913, the very first film pie-in-the-face occurred in the film A Noise From The Deep when Mabel Normand clobbered Fatty Arbuckle and a Hollywood food staple was born.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[janetupnorth]

Just saw that article this morning - yeah, that guy has been silent on the subject for awhile...

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 84 candles now. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours but that doesn't mean you should stop lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 64, two thirds of the city of Rome was destroyed by fire. Emperor Nero rebuilt the city, but conspiracy theorists claimed Nero ordered the fire so he could rebuild Rome to his design. To this day, the phrase "Fiddling while Rome burns" is a part of the lexicon. Actually, Nero was away when the fire began and he placed blame on the Christian religious "cult" and became the first Roman Emperor to persecute Christians as scapegoats.

...in 1792, John Paul Jones died in his apartment in Paris, awaiting an appointment to the United States consul in Algiers. Jones was the naval hero of the Revolutionary War, having made many successful and daring raids on British military holdings. While in command of the USS Bonhomme Richard (named for Benjamin Franklin's alter ego) in a battle with the HMS Serapis, the Richard was struck and taking on water. The captain of the Serapis offered quarter to Jones who replied, "Sir, I have not yet begun to fight!" A few hours later, the captain of the Serapis surrendered and Jones took command of the ship. He is revered as one of the greatest naval commanders in history and is the father of the American Navy. He is buried in the Naval Academy Chapel at Annapolis, where a Marine honor guard stands over his tomb.

...in 1925, the first volume of Adolph Hitler's manifesto, Mein Kampf ("My Struggle") was published, outlining his plan for the Third Reich and the nightmare that would haunt Europe and the world. It sold a whopping 9,473 copies :rolleyes: in its first year but became a best seller after Hitler took command of Germany in 1933.

...in 1940, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt was nominated for an unprecedented third term. Roosevelt took some heat because of the unwritten rule that Presidents only serve two terms, dating back to George Washington serving only two terms. FDR went on to be elected to a fourth term and died in office, on April 12, 1945 with Vice President Harry Truman taking over. The 22nd Amendment to the Constitution was passed on March 21, 1947 (and ratified in 1951) limiting a President to only serving two elected terms.

...in 1984, 21 people were shot and killed, and 19 more wounded in a San Ysidro, California McDonald's. James Oliver Huberty, armed with several automatic weapons, ordered the patrons to the floor then calmly walked around, shooting people at random. Police heard so many shots that they were convinced there were several shooters. An employee managed to escape, told police there was only one shooter, and a sniper killed him with one shot. Huberty had been fired from several jobs and had a reputation of being very angry.

...in 1999, David Cone pitched a perfect game for the New York Yankees against the Montreal Expos. He faced the minimum 27 batters and retired them all with no hits and no walks. It was the 16th perfect game in history.

...in 1996, automotive giant Johnson Controls acquired Prince Holding Corporation, a pioneering automobile interior maker that specialized in electronics and invented the lighted vanity mirror in sun visors. Johnson Controls has annual sales of $6 billion dollars including the manufacture of building heating & cooling controls, automotive interiors and virtually all the automotive batteries sold in the United States.

...in 1969, Senator Ted Kennedy left a party on Chappaquiddick Island in an Oldsmobile station wagon. With him was 28 year old Mary Jo Kopechne. Kennedy had continued the family's political ambitions and, following the death of his older brother, Bobby, Kennedy appeared to be a front runner for the 1972 nomination. However, he drove the Oldsmobile into Poucha Pond where he escaped from the car. Kopechne did not. Kennedy swam to Edgartown, where he went into his room at the Shiretown Inn and changed clothes. At 2:25 AM, he stepped out of his room and told the innkeeper he had been awakened by noise. Was he trying to establish an alibi? He finally reported the incident to the Edgartown Police at 9:45 AM, 10 hours after driving off the bridge. (Pundits point out that 10 hours is sufficient time for alcohol to have cleared his system.) There is speculation that he used his family's influence to avoid more serious charges. The incident ruined his chances at the Presidency but he continues to be re-elected to the Senate by the people of Massachusetts. Mary Jo Kopechne was unavailable for comment.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Birgfeld suspect’s truck returned

By Paul Shockley
Grand Junction, CO, Colorado

Link: Grand Junction Free Press (http://www.gjfreepress.com/article/20080718/COMMUNITY_NEWS/585124122/1076&parentprofile=-1)

A pickup truck seized as evidence more than a year ago in the disappearance of Paige Birgfeld was quietly released Thursday by the Mesa County Sheriff’s Office to its owners: Lester and Elaine Jones.

Lester Ralph Jones around noon on Thursday drove away from the department’s impound lot behind the wheel of a Dodge Ram 4-by-4 truck, which is registered to his wife, Elaine.

http://gjimg.sv.publicus.com/apps/pbcsi.dll/bilde?Site=GJ&Date=20080718&Category=COMMUNITY_NEWS&ArtNo=585124122&Ref=V1&MaxW=550&title=1
Lester Ralph Jones, left in the blue shirt, leans against his pickup truck Thursday
afternoon in the public parking lot of the Mesa County Sheriff's Office. The truck
had been impounded as evidence more than a year following the June 28, 2007,
disappearance of 34-year-old Paige Birgfeld.
--Photo by Paul Shockley


The truck was impounded by investigators under a search warrant days after the mother of three children went missing the night of June 28, 2007.

Sheriff’s spokeswoman Heather Benjamin confirmed the truck’s release Thursday from custody, but said little else.

“We no longer have it,” Benjamin said.

She declined comment on a series of related questions. Among them, Benjamin was asked if the truck’s return signaled a shift of focus in the investigation away from Jones.

As recently as three weeks ago, multiple law enforcement sources told the Free Press the truck would remain impounded indefinitely as evidence in the case.

Jones — a 57-year-old mechanic who investigators believe met with Birgfeld for the purposes of her escort business the night of her disappearance — saw his Pear Park home searched twice by sheriff’s investigators in July 2007.

Jones still lives there with his wife.

Items related to Jones’ pickup were of interest at the time of the July 2007 search warrants.

Neighbors described investigators removing, among other items, separate sections of a pickup’s bed liner, which had been stored in a backyard shed as well as inside the garage at the home.

Birgfeld, 34, who ran a local escort business, Models Inc., was last heard from driving back to Grand Junction the night of June 28, 2007, after spending the day near Eagle with her first husband, Howard Beigler of Aurora.

Beigler and Birgfeld’s second husband, Rob Dixon, were cleared of involvement in October at the same time Jones was named by the sheriff’s office as the lone suspect in the case.

Foul play is suspected in Birgfeld’s disappearance.

District Attorney Pete Hautzinger in March discussed the prospect of the Birgfeld investigation being presented to a Mesa County grand jury this year, but the DA at the time said he’d made no final decisions.

Colleen Scissors, Jones’ attorney, declined comment on Thursday.

Jones has declined numerous interview requests.

Reach Paul Shockley at pshockley@gjfreepress.com

[dannyzmom]

Hmmmmmmmmmmm

[rennea]

Thank you for keeping us updated KG. Can't believe his wife is still living with him :(

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

I really can't interpret what this means, it has me concerned and baffled at the same time.

[katie0128]

I really can't interpret what this means, it has me concerned and baffled at the same time.

It concerned me because if it was truely evidence, I don't think they wouldn't return it to him. Unless they were able to extract the evidence from the truck - the upholstry, seats, etc. and gave the rest of the truck back. Still bothers me.

[katie0128]

It's been almost a year since we heard from David Lohr, just a few days short of a year. He's writing for the Discover Channel now, and posted an entry in his blog there.

I'm not going to post it, but you're welcome to go read it, if you like.

Paige Birgfeld Case Remains a Priority for the Mesa County Sheriff's Office (http://blogs.discovery.com/criminal_report/2008/07/paige-birgfeld.html)

Is this the idiot we skewered last year?

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Property Released to Suspect in Birgfield Disappearance

Posted on July 18, 2008 By: Terri Saunders
Link: KREX-TV Grand Junction (http://www.krextv.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=3356)

A truck taken as evidence in the disappearance of Paige Birgfeld is discreetly returned to its owners. Officials from the Mesa County Sheriff's Office say the truck was released to Lester Jones yesterday.
Jones is the only suspect in the disappearance of Birgfeld. He has not been arrested in connection with the case.

Investigators seized the vehicle under a search warrant last year.
Jones' home has been searched at least twice by investigators since the mother of three went missing.Sheriff investigators say they returned the truck, but the investigation remains active.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Well, that was an interesting development in Paige's case yesterday. According to the GJ Free Press, Hannibal Lester's truck was returned to him. It had been held as a primary piece of evidence for about a year, and was quietly released back to him. I have no idea what this means, if anything at all. Birgfeld Suspect's Truck Returned (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index259.html#post506814) and at KREX-TV Grand Junction (http://www.krextv.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=3356), .

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 69 candles, probably because of NC. The total often drops off on weekends, too, so remember to light candles for Paige and her three children too.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298). You can click on any candle to read the message and who lit it.

On This Day In History...

...in 1799, the Rosetta Stone was found by a soldier in Napolean Bonaparte's army near the Egyptian town of Rosetta. The stone contained fragments of text in three languages, Egyptian hieroglyphics, Egyptian demotic and Greek. Bonaparte took the stone back to France and when the British defeated Bonaparte in 1801, the stone went to the British Museum, where it still resides. The Greek passage said all three texts held the same message and Egyptolgist, Jean-Francois Champollion cracked the cypher and ancient Egypt came to life.

...in 1943, the US Army Air Corps bombed rail yards in Rome. Benito Mussolini had promised his people that the Allies would never bomb the Holy City, and thousands of Italians had flooded the city, hoping for safety. The bombing accomplished more than damaging the Italian railways, it shook confidence in Il Duce, as it was hoped to do. Hitler tried desperately to hold Mussolini and Italy but Il Duce knew Italy was thoroughly defeated. One week later, events would take a startling turn.

...in 1934, a patent for retractable headlights was filed by Harold T. Ames, paving the way for Gordon Buehrig to design the famous 1937 Cord 810. It was called "...the one most beautiful automobile ever built." It was the last offering of the Cord, Auburn, Duesenberg company, it failed as a result of the depression. Unsold 1937 810's were rebadged as 1938 812's but doom for the company was on the horizon. Today, the Cord Auburn Duesenberg showroom has been restored and is a museum in Auburn, Indiana.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Cord-1.jpg/800px-Cord-1.jpg

...in 1935, the scourge of drivers everywhere was introduced in Oklahoma City - the parking meter.

...in 1879, the first man to die at the hands of Doc Holliday fell in the streets of Las Vegas, New Mexico. Mike Gordon had tried to get one of the dancers in Holliday's saloon to run off with him, she refused his advances. He went into the street and started shooting randomly into the saloon. Holliday stepped outside and dropped him with one shot. Despite his reputation, Holliday only killed two men in his lifetime, Gordon and one of the Clanton gang in the gunfight at the OK Corral in Tombstone, Arizona. He died of tuberculosis in 1887, a peaceful end to a violent life. His last words marked the irony, "This is funny."

...in 1553, Lady Jane Grey was deposed from the throne of England in favor of her cousin, Mary, a Catholic. Lady Jane was a Protestant, the great-granddaughter of Henry VII and cousin of King Edward VI and, in fact, was almost married to him. When Edward died, she reluctantly ascended to the throne as Queen, over her cousin, Mary, who was actually the rightful heir. Lady Jane was deposed nine days later, imprisoned as a traitor, and was beheaded on February 12, 1554.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so the usual weekend phrase repeats: No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 68 candles, the total often drops off on weekends, especially after NC. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1969, the phrase, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind," was heard around the world. The phrase was uttered by Neil Armstrong, speaking to the world from the surface of the moon, after taking his first step to the lunar surface from the Eagle lunar landing module. The landing was the culmination of a goal set by President John F. Kennedy in 1961, to send a man to the moon and return him safely. The Apollo program had faced a serious setback on January 27, 1967 when the crew of Apollo 1, Lt. Colonel Virgil Ivan “Gus” Grissom, Lt. Colonel Edward Higgins White, and Lt. Commander Roger Bruce Chaffee perished in a capsule fire on the launch pad. Armstrong left a memorial to the crew on the moon.

...in 1977, Johnstown, Pennsylvania was devastated by a flash flood when dams in the Conemaugh Valley failed, killing 84 people. Johnstown had been hit by an identical flood in 1889 that killed more than 2,000 people. The dam failures came as a shock as an entire system had been designed to avoid this very situation. All the dams had recently been inspected and found to be safe. They were no match to the 12 inches of rain that fell in 10 hours, though, releasing over 130 million gallons of water over the valley.

...in 1881, Chief Sitting Bull finally surrendered to the U.S. Army, five years after Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull's followers defeated General George Custer at the Little Bighorn River. The band escaped to Canada, but in 1881, he led his starving people back to the United States to surrender. He was released to the Standing Rock reservation after two years captivity. Sitting Bull traveled with Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show in 1885 and died in 1890 in obscure circumstances. He is buried in Mobridge, South Dakota where his grave is marked with a monument.

...in 1944, a briefcase bomb was detonated in Hitler's bunker. He was wounded, but not killed and even met with Il Duce, Benito Mussolini that afternoon. The conspirators were captured and executed. Hitler saw his escape as Divine Providence and confirmation of his dark plan.

That's it. That's all we know as of 1:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments. Everyone is home from NC now, so we can expect the usual foolishness around here to resume any time now.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 61 candles now. Between the usual weekend drop-off and the usual suspects in Chicago, our acolytes are down but will soon catch up, I'm sure. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours but that doesn't mean you should stop lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1899, Ernest Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois. The Pulitzer Prize winning author was known for understatement and economy of words. It is said that if asked, "Why did the chicken cross the road?" Hemingway would answer, "To die. Alone. In the rain." His style and work greatly influenced 20th Century American literature.

...in 365, an earthquake off the coast of Greece caused a tsunami that crossed the Mediterranean Sea and wiped out the city of Alexandria, Egypt. The wall of water sucked the water away from the city, causing ships in the harbor to be overturned on dry land. Within minutes, the tsunami struck, carrying the ships over the sea wall and landing them on top of buildings. 5,000 people perished and 50,000 homes were destroyed. The sea coast was changed in shape, and in 1995, archaeologists discovered the ruins of the original city off the coast of modern Alexandria.

...in 1955, at the Geneva summit attended by France, Great Britain, Soviet Union and the United States, President Eisenhower proposed the "Open Skies" policy, knowing it would never be accepted. In his proposal, he called for the two Superpowers to provide maps of military installations, allowing flyovers by each air force, to verify that each was living up to terms of arms control agreements. Premier Krushchev called it an espionage plot, but he did not want the United States to learn just how far behind the Soviet military was to the Americans. Shortly thereafter, Eisenhower authorized CIA use of the U-2 spy plane and the information was readily available, anyway. The "Open Skies" policy, 30 years later, was the basis of Ronald Reagan's famous quote, "Trust, but verify."

...in 2005, an attempted terrorist bombing in London was foiled, exactly two weeks after an attack had killed 56 people, including the bombers. In this attempt, failed bombs were found in three Underground stations and one bus.

...in 1861, the first Battle of Bull Run was fought near the Virginia railroad junction at Manassas. 34,000 Union troops under the command of Gen. Irvin McDowell crossed the Bull Run to face 29,000 troops under the command of Gen. Pierre Beauregard. Beauregard led the advancing Union troops into a trap, where Gen. Thomas J. Jackson fired artillery to repulse the Union troops, earning his nickname, "Stonewall." When the Union army retreated to Washington, they had suffered 3,000 casualties while the Confederates had 2,000 casualties. The bloodshed shocked spectators and Union leaders back in Washington, an indication that this was more than a "Southern insurrection."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 48 candles now. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours. Remember to light candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1934, John Dillenger, Public Enemy #1, was gunned down in Chicago. His fast and infamous career as a bank robber started as a child. He was born in Indianapolis and he was a regular juvenile delinquent. In 1924, at the age of 21, he was sentenced to 10-20 years for a botched mugging. In prison, he met up with Harry Pierpont, a notorious bank robber, and Dillinger learned the trade from Pierpont. Dillinger was paroled in 1933 and met up with Pierpont's accomplices, and set off on a bank robbing spree. He was known as athletic and a sharp dresser. In April, 1934, Dillinger was holed up at Little Bohemia, a resort in Manitowish Waters, Wisconsin. He was surrounded by the FBI who botched the ambush. Three citizens were shot and killed by the FBI, Baby Face Nelson shot and killed one agent, wounded another and critically wounded an officer. The entire gang escaped unscathed. On July 22, Dillinger's girlfriend, Anna Sage, was facing deportation, and agreed to set up Dillinger by wearing an orange dress in order to gain leniency on her deportation. Her dress looked red under the marquis of the Biograph Theater, and she became known as "The Lady in Red." Dillinger was shot and killed, and Sage was deported, anyway.

...in 2003, July 22 continued to be a bad day for bad men, as Qusay and Uday Hussein were killed in a firefight with US troops near Mosul. They were believed to be more ruthless and cruel than their father, Saddam, and their deaths were celebrated by many Iraqis.

...in 1991, continuing the theme of the 22nd being a bad day for bad men, Jeffrey Dahmer was captured in Milwaukee and the grisly contents of his apartment were soon found. 11 victims were found in his apartment, but he ultimately confessed to 17 murders going back to 1978. While there is no death penalty in Wisconsin, Dahmer died in prison in 1994 at the hands of another prisoner.

...in 1940, it should come as no surprise, Suspense made its debut on CBS radio, the first installment directed by Alfred Hitchcock. It drew top stars, top ratings, and a Peabody Award in 1947.

...in 1908, Fisher Body Company was established to build carriage and automobile bodies. By 1910, Fisher was supplying bodies to GM as well as other manufacturers, but in 1919, GM purchased controlling interest, although the Fisher family continued to manage the operation. In 1924, GM completed the merger and changed the name to Fisher Body Division, but the Fisher brothers remained on the board until 1944.

...in 1862, President Abraham Lincoln informed his cabinet that he was ready to issue a proclamation to free the slaves, but he would wait until a significant Union victory. The proclamation was made on September 21, after a victory at Antietam, with the release to go into effect on January 1, 1863.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, nothing to report.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we have slipped to 66 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1984, Vanessa Williams resigned her title as Miss America. On September 17, 1983, she had become the first black to win the title but when Penthouse magazine announced it was going to publish nude photos of Williams, she stepped down and went on to a successful career in show business.

...in 1878, a Wells Fargo stage was held up in California. The bandit wore a flour sack over his head (they were cloth in those days) and made off with the strong box, and both a diamond and a watch taken from passengers. When the box was found, all that was left was a poem, signed by Black Bart. Like all crooks, he eventually made a mistake, leaving behind an monogrammed handkerchief. Pinkerton detectives traced it back to Charles Bolton, an elderly gentleman in San Francisco. He served a short prison sentence and lived the rest of his life in Nevada.

...in 1885, former President, Ulysses S. Grant passed away from throat cancer. The hard drinking and cigar smoking former general was elected to a rather unremarkable two terms as President. Critics referred to him as Useless S. Grant, but he did pass legislation that (temporarily) stopped the Ku Klux Klan and the Civil Rights Act of 1875, which desegregated public facilities.

...in 1903, the first Ford was delivered to Dr. Ernst Pfenning in Chicago. Called the Model A, the runabout was Henry's third attempt at a product to use as the basis of starting an automobile company. His backers included several partners like Alexander Malcomson, a coal magnate, and brothers John & Horace Dodge, who owned a machine shop that supplied drive line parts to Ford and Ransom E. Olds. The first Ford company had gone bankrupt and the second attempt, the Henry Ford Company, never shipped a vehicle until Ford himself was fired and the company was renamed, "Cadillac." Ford Motor Company was reasonably successful until 1908, when the Model T was released, and Ford Motor Company rapidly took 60% of the American car market.

...in 1976, the Bellevue-Stratford Hotel in Philadelphia was the host of a four-day gathering of members of the American Legion. Several days after the conference, 22 people were dead and hundreds were sick with an illness that resembled pneumonia. It took Joseph McDade, a microbiologist with the CDC to identify the microbe that caused the illness, which became known as Legionnaire's Desease. The bacteria thrive in water, as found in air conditioning systems or pipes. It can be treated with anti-biotics, if properly diagnosed.

...in 1996, the U.S. Women's gymnastics team won the Gold Medal at the Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. It was the first time the women had won the team gold medal.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 57 candles, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1915, the steamship Eastland capsized in the Chicago River, at the dock between LaSalle and Clark Streets. Originally designed to hold 650 passengers, it was increased in size to hold 2,500 people. Engineers warned that the Eastland was a disaster waiting to happen. On this day, it did. The ship rolled over, trapping passengers below deck. More than 800 souls perished, and many of the bodies were taken to the Second Regiment Armory. Today, it is the home of Harpo Studios and The Oprah Winfrey Show. Staff members claim the studio is haunted by ghosts of the shipwreck, where 22 entire families died.

...in 1847, Bringham Young lead 148 Mormons to Utah's Valley of the Great Salt Lake and pronounced, "This is the place." Preparations began for the thousands of Mormons who would follow in the great migration from the east. The move followed the murder of the founder of Mormon, Joseph Smith and his brother, Hyrum in Carthage, Illinois. Much tension between the church and federal government followed over the practice of polygamy, prohibited by federal law. (Sound familiar?) In 1890, the church renounced polygamy and Utah entered the union as the 45th state in 1896.

...in 1969, the goal of President John F. Kennedy was fulfilled as Apollo 11 safely splashed down in the Pacific Ocean. Kennedy addressed a joint session of Congress on May 25, 1961, and said, "I believe this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to Earth." Five more missions would go to the moon and one unplanned fly-by was made by the famous mission of Apollo 13. The last mission left the surface of the moon on December 14, 1972 and no one has ever returned.

...in 1911, the lost city of Machu Picchu was located by Hiram Bingham, an American archaeologist. The city was never really lost, it was always known by local peasants but kept secret for generations. It is believed to have been a Summer retreat for leaders of the Inca, a civilization wiped out by the Spanish in the 16th Century. More than 300,000 people per year visit the impressive site, over 5 miles long and with over 3,000 steps that reach various levels of the impressively engineered construction. There is much mystery surrounding the city that may never be solved.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

I heard from MomToEli today, I had mentioned that she was missed around here, so she asked me to say hi and let you know she is still in hot pursuit of the Lady In The Lawnchair. She mentioned her membership to CS lapsed because, well, she's got a lot of irons in the fire.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no news stories and there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are currently burning 105 candles. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298). Be sure to light three extras for Paige's children!

On This Day In History...

...in 1978, Louise Joy Brown was born in Manchester, England. She was the first baby to be conceived via in-vitro fertilization. Today, such "test-tube baby" births are common. Her sister, Natalie, was also conceived via IVF and was the first IVF baby to conceive naturally in 1999. Louise gave birth to a naturally conceived baby in 2006.

...in 1832, the first railroad accident was reported near Quincy, Massachusetts with one death and several serious injuries, when passengers were thrown from the train over an embankment more than 30 feet in depth. The first railroad in the United States was the Baltimore & Ohio, which began service in 1828 with horse-drawn cars. Steam was added in 1831 and in 1832, well, accidents were inevitable.

...in 1943, Il Duce, Benito Mussolini, was relieved of power by his own Grand Council and immediately arrested. (We told you there was a surprise a week later!) The toughest problem faced by the Grand Council was whether or not to surrender to the Allies or continue fighting alongside Germany.

...in 1853, the head of Joaquin Murieta was placed on display in Stockton, California. His notorious lieutenant, Three Fingered Jack, was also killed and his severed hand was also on display. Murieta was portrayed as a Robin Hood type of character, and whether he was a vicious criminal or misunderstood leader was dependent on the writer of the story. There is some speculation that Murieta may have inspired the Zorro stories, in fact, he was portrayed as Zorro's brother in the 1997 film, The Mask of Zorro. No one knows for sure, except that Zorro himself is a work of fiction.

...in 1894, Walter Brennan was born. The former Vaudvillian went to Hollywood after WW I and he is best remembered for his characters that walked with a limp and cackled when he laughed. His vocal cords were damaged by poison gas in the war, resulting in the high pitched voice that gave him roles of characters much older than his real years. Three such notable characters are also his most memorable, Stumpy in Rio Bravo, Eddie in To Have and Have Not, and as Grandpappy Amos McCoy in the TV series, The Real McCoys. Most fans are not aware that Brennan was the first and only actor to win three academy awards for Best Supporting Actor including the first one in 1936, also in 1938 and 1940.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), after a plea by cwinter474 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/candles-paige-41269/), we climbed back up to 136 candles. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours but that doesn't mean you should stop lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1942, Gene Autry took the oath of the Army Air Corps during the live broadcast of his radio show, Gene Autry's Melody Ranch. Autry worked as a railroad telegrapher while in high school, and during the times when nothing was coming across the wires, he practiced on his guitar and sang. A traveler passing though suggested he had a future in show business as a singer. Since Will Rogers probably knew what he was talking about, Autry found popularity on a regular radio station as "Oklahoma's Yodeling Cowboy." He went on to a successful career in records (Rudolph, The Red-Nosed Reindeer, Frosty the Snowman) movies, radio and television. He also owned hotels, gas stations and the California Angels. He was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1969 and he died in 1998.

...in 1908, Attorney General Charles Bonaparte ordered new federal investigators to report to the Department of Justice. One year later, the group was renamed the Bureau of Investigation and in 1935, became the Federal Bureau of Investigation. July 26 is recognized as the birthdate of the FBI.

...in 1932, an automobile accident in Johnstown, Pennsylvania took the life of Frederick Duesenberg. He and his brother, August, had created the Duesenberg Automobile Company where they built the most powerful, handcrafted, luxury automobiles in the marketplace. Rumored to be able to do 100 mph in second gear, the remarkable automobiles spawned the phrase, "It's a Duesy!" E.L. Cord bought the company, and Auburn-Cord-Duesenberg operated until 1938 when the depths of the depression finally did them in.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/1932_Duesenberg_J_Murphy_coupe_convertible.jpg/800px-1932_Duesenberg_J_Murphy_coupe_convertible.jpg
Duesenberg J Murphy Bodied Convertible Coupe

...in 1945, Winston Churchill resigned as Prime Minister of Great Britain, after his party was defeated in the general election. It was shock, as he had led England through the war but was not able to see the end as the country's leader. Just the same, he was re-elected in 1951. In 1953, he was knighted for his leadership and awarded the Nobel Prize for literature because of his six volume history of World War II and for his memorable speeches.

...in 1775, the Continental Congress appointed Benjamin Franklin to be the first Postmaster General of the new colonial post office. He held the job until late in 1776 when he was sent to France as ambassador. He left behind a vastly improved letter delivery system that was the basis of today's Postal Service.

...in 1952, Eva Paron, the First Lady of Argentina and the model for the lead character in the musical, Evita died of cancer at the age of 33. Hundreds of thousands mourned her passing.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 72 candles now. Levels usually drop off on weekends, so please remember to keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1996, the XXVI Olympics in Atlanta was the target of a bomber, who placed a nail-laden pipe bomb that killed a mother and injured more than 100 people. Richard Jewell, a security guard, was arrested for the bombing but the evidence was not good and he was later cleared. In 1997, a similar bomb exploded outside an abortion clinic, and a second bomb went off while responders were on the scene. Two more bombs would explode, including one at an abortion clinic in Birmingham, Alabama. The bombings were traced to Eric Robert Rudolph, who remained at large until May 31, 2003. He pleaded guilty to all the bombings and is serving four consecutive life terms.

...in 1904, Flint physician, Dr. Herbert Hills, bought the first Buick. David Buick, a Polish plumber who loved mechanical challenges, left plumbing to build an automobile. He was not a shrewd businessman, though, and was soon so deep in debt that he lost control of his company. Eventually, Billy Durant took over the operation and Buick was a key element in Durant's General Motors. At one time, the Buick plant in Flint was the second largest industrial facility in the world, second only to Ford's Rouge Plant.

...in 1940, Bugs Bunny made his debut in films in a feature called A Wild Hare. As you might expect, Bugs was supposed to be dinner for Elmer Fudd, but setting the pace for the future, the wascawy wabbit bested poor Elmer.

...in 1981, Adam John Walsh was abducted from a mall in Hollywood, Florida. He was later found murdered, and his father, John Walsh, became a leading advocate for victims and victim's rights. His television show, America's Most Wanted has been a mainstay of the Fox network since its debut. He founded the Center for Missing and Exploited Children. (Adam's decapitated head was found by fishermen but his body has never been located. His murder remains unsolved.)

...in 1980, the deposed Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, died in exile in Egypt. He sought medical treatment for cancer in the United States in October 1979. Islamic fundamentalists in Tehran used that as an excuse to seize the US Embassy in Tehran on November 4, holding 52 Americans as hostages for 444 days, while President Jimmy Carter botched negotiations and authorized a failed military rescue. The hostages were released on January 20, 1981 as President Ronald Reagan was inaugurated.

...in 1974, President Richard Milhouse Nixon was charged by the House of Representatives with the first of three articles of impeachment. Nixon was charged with obstruction of justice for failing to release White House tapes recorded during meetings regarding the famous Watergate burglary. On August 8, in order to avoid an inevitable trial, he resigned, the first and only President to do so.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 60 candles now, of course, the count usually drops off on weekends as people are doing other things than hanging around the computer. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1868, the 14th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified by the required 3/4 of the American states. The 14th Amendment guarantees all Americans, and specifically African Americans when it was drafted, all rights and privileges, including equal protection under the laws, of American citizenship. In 1896, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson that segregated facilities, separate but equal, were allowed under the law. Facilities were seldom very equal, and African Americans were faced with decades of such discrimination, until the ruling was overturned by Brown v. Board of Education of Topkea in 1954.

...in 1973, a 1934 Ford Deluxe Sedan was sold at auction to Peter Simon of Jean, Nevada. The car sold for a record $175,000.00 despite being riddled with 160 bullet holes. The car had been the last ride of Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker, ambushed by police on May 24, 1934. The car has been on and off of display for decades, and was last reported on display at Terrible's Casino in St. Josephs, Missouri.

http://texashideout.tripod.com/shotcar.jpg
The Last Ride

...in 1945, a B-25 Mitchell bomber flew into the 78th floor of the Empire State Building on a Saturday morning. Heavy fog had closed LaGuardia, the plane's destination, so the pilot was on his way across Manhattan to Newark. He was flying low to try to gain visibilty, swerved to miss the Chrysler Building and was climbing as he flew into the north side of the building. The plane did not penetrate the building, but one engine was severed and continued through the building and wound up in the penthouse of a building across the street. The other engine severed elevator cables and Betty Lou Oliver, an operator, survived a 1,000 foot free fall into the elevator pit, the car being slowed by air pressure, damaged cables and safety equipment. 11 people in the building perished as did the three people on board the airplane.

http://www.evesmag.com/empirestatebldgcrash.jpg
This photo was taken by Ernie Sisto, of the New York Times,
from a narrow ledge as two reporters held his legs.

...in 1956, I Want You, I Need You, I Love You hit number 1 on the popular music charts, it was the second #1 hit for Elvis Presley, after Heartbreak Hotel went to #1 in April.

...in 1991, Dennis Martinez pitched the 13th perfect game in history as the Montreal Expos defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers 2-0. Martinez was the first Nicaraguan to make the big leagues and the first Latino to throw a perfect game. He retired after 22 years with a very respectable 245-193 lifetime record, 2,149 strikeouts with a 3.70 ERA.

...in 1814, Percy Bysshe Shelley and Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin eloped to France, despite the fact he was already married. When his first wife committed suicide in 1816, they were married. While living in Geneva, keeping on the move to evade Shelly's creditors, Lord Byron challenged them to write the scariest ghost story. Only Mary Shelley finished hers and later published it under the title, Frankenstein. Shelley accidentally drowned when Mary was 24. She continued to write until her death at the age of 53, but only her journals and Frankenstein are still read.

That's it. That's all we know as of 1:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

From a press release issued by the Mesa County Sheriff's Department, July 28, 2008

HUMAN REMAINS FOUND, INVESTIGATION ON-GOING

Coroner’s Office joins Sheriff’s Investigators on case

Mesa County, Colorado—Sheriff’s Officials are investigating a discovery of human remains found in the region. They are working closely with the Mesa County Coroner’s Office for identification purposes. The exact location of this discovery is not being released to allow law enforcement officials to return to the area for a more complete forensic search and analysis.

Further details will be released as the investigation develops.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Human Remains Found In Mesa County

Link: CBS4 Denver (http://cbs4denver.com/local/birgfeld.paige.grand.2.782104.html)

GRAND JUNCTION, Colo. (CBS4/AP) ― The Mesa County Sheriff's department is investigating human remains that have been found in an undisclosed location.

The father of a missing Mesa County mother was told Monday that investigators had found the remains somewhere on the Western Slope.

Paige Birgfeld has not been seen since June 28, 2007. Birgfeld is a mother of three.

Frank Birgfeld told the CBS television station in Grand Junction that he is notified each time any clue is uncovered in any missing persons case in the region.

The sheriff's department has been actively working on ten missing persons cases in Mesa County, including Birgfeld's case and the Abby Blagg case. Blagg is the daughter of convicted murderer Michael Blagg.

County spokeswoman Heather Benjamin said the sheriff's office is working closely with the Mesa County coroner to identify the remains. She said the sheriff's department is not releasing details regarding the location where the remains were discovered to allow investigators to return to the site and complete a forensic search and analysis.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Human Remains Found, Birgfeld Family Notified

Link: KREX-TV Grand Junction (http://www.krextv.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=3461)

Human remains are found, and investigators with the Mesa County Sheriff’s Office are trying to figure out who they belong to.
Details are limited at this hour, but authorities have confirmed that the remains were found in the region. Sheriff's officials are remaining very tight lipped, and not revealing the exact location of the discovery.We do know that Paige Birgfeld’s father Frank, has been notified by investigators regarding the find.

Right now there are only 11 people listed as missing in Mesa County, and that statistic tracks suspicious incidents all the way back to 1983. One of them is Paige Birgfeld, the mother of three who vanished last year. News Channel Five has learned that Paige’s father Frank got the call this morning from sheriff’s deputies about the find.The Birgfeld family is together today for Frank’s birthday in Seattle.

Frank says it’s not the first time he’s gotten a call like this. Tonight investigators are working closely with the Mesa County Coroner’s Office to identify the remains.
We’re told the exact location of this find won’t be released until law enforcement officials finish sweeping the area for clues. It could take weeks, maybe months for the Mesa County Coroner to identify the remains.

It's important to add the Sheriff's office won't comment if the discovery or any evidence found at the scene point to Birgfeld's disappearance. We will continue to follow this story and bring you the latest information as it becomes available to us.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Well, that was certainly an interesting development in Mesa County yesterday, wasn't it? In case you missed it, human remains have been found in the region. As of now, we do not know if the remains are Paige, we don't even know if the remains are male or female. We do know that the remains were found late last week and turned over to the coroner. We also know there are 11 missing persons cases in Mesa County, going back to 1983. The Sheriff called Paige's father yesterday, but Frank says he's had calls like this before, so we really can't read anything into their exchange.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are back up to 135 candles. With the breaking news yesterday, lots of Cheffers are thinking about Paige and lighting candles for her. Remember to light candles for Paige and her three children too.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298). You can click on any candle to read the message and who lit it.

On This Day In History...

...in 1958, President Dwight Eisenhower signed an act authorizing creation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to coordinate America's space exploration. The creation was a reaction to the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik I. The successful launch of the first artificial satellite caught America by surprise and alarmed the defense department that the Russians might be able to reach the American mainland with missiles. The space race was on.

...in 1909 Cadillac Motor Company was acquired by Buick for $4.5 Million. Cadillac was an outgrowth of the Henry Ford Company, the second attempt to have Henry Ford build an automobile. The investors fired Ford and brought in Henry Leland, who put in his own design drive line into the Henry Ford designed automobile. (Henry Ford would return the favor in 1922, but that's another story.) When Buick acquired Cadillac, it became the jewel in the General Motors crown. General Motors, the brainchild of Billy Durant, made an unsuccessful attempt to acquire Ford Motor Company in 1907 - how different the world might be had that happened.

...in 1945, a Japanese submarine sunk the USS Indianapolis, flagship of the Fifth Fleet. Of the 1,196 crewmen, only 318 survived. The rest had gone down with the ship or were eaten by sharks. Had the submarine been fortunate enough to sink the Indianapolis just three days earlier, the Indianapolis would have been lost with its special cargo that it had delivered to Tinian - the first atomic bomb.

...in 1940, Orson Welles shot the first scene of Citizen Kane, his first film that also got him into hot water with newspaper magnate, William Randolph Hearst, who made Welles' professional life miserable after the film was released, as Hearst thought it was a personal condemnation of him. The film also introduced new camera and sound techniques that influenced future films. Citizen Kane is considered one of America's greatest movies.

...in 1862, Maria Isabella "Belle" Boyd was arrested by Union officers for spying. She was born in Martinsburg, Virginia (now West Virginia) and was 17 years old when the Civil War erupted. She shot and killed a Union officer for assaulting her mother, she was cleared for the justified shooting. She delivered critical information to Confederate officers and was actually arrested three times for spying. After the war, she took up a career as an actress and also as a speaker, talking about her experiences. She was addressing the GAR in Kilbourn City, Wisconsin when she died of typhoid fever at the age of 56. She is buried in Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin, the modern name for Kilbourn City.

...in 1981, the wedding of the Century was televised to one billion viewers in 74 countries. Prince Charles, heir to the throne of England married Lady Diana Spencer. After a fairy tale wedding, though, they did not live happily ever after, divorcing very publicly in 1996. Diana died in a tragic automobile accident in 1997 in Paris. Conspiracy theorists are still having a good time investigating the accident.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Cops mum on finding dead person

By MIKE WIGGINS
Link: The Grand Junction Daily Sentinel (http://www.gjsentinel.com/hp/content/news/stories/2008/07/28/072908_1a_human_remains_found.html)

Monday, July 28, 2008

Investigators with the Mesa County Sheriff’s Department are investigating the discovery of human remains in the region and suggested a search of the site for more evidence could last for some time.

Sheriff’s officials were extremely tight-lipped Monday about the details of the discovery, declining to say specifically where the remains were found or how officials learned about them.

Sheriff’s spokeswoman Heather Benjamin said the remains were located in the “region” and that investigators were assigned to the case late last week. She said investigators have collected the remains and turned them over to the Mesa County Coroner’s Office, which will attempt to identify them and determine how the person died. Benjamin would not say whether any other evidence was collected.

Asked about the condition of the remains, Benjamin said, “We recognize the difference between human remains and skeletal remains, and this is definitely human remains.”

She also said investigators could spend quite a while in the area where the remains were found.

“We’re very, very interested in preserving this area as much as possible for as long as possible,” Benjamin said.

She said she doesn’t know whether the remains are connected to any missing-persons cases.

One of those cases involves Paige Birgfeld, a 34-year-old Grand Junction mother of three and operator of an escort service who has been missing for more than a year.

Paige’s father, Frank, said he received a call from the Sheriff’s Department on Monday morning notifying him about the discovery.

“They didn’t tell me anything more than you know,” he said in a phone interview from Seattle.

Frank Birgfeld said it’s not unusual for authorities to contact him when they uncover any clue connected to a missing-persons case. He said the Sheriff’s Department called him when a firearm was found along a local road and another time when a body was found in a river.

“I’ve kind of learned you don’t assume anything,” he said. “You just sort of wait until you hear what’s next.”

•

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Channel 9, KUSA (http://www.9news.com/news/article.aspx?storyid=96632&provider=top) (the NBC affiliate) in Denver has weighed in, running pretty much the AP story with some additions.

Human remains found, father of missing woman notified

GRAND JUNCTION – The Mesa County Sheriff's department is investigating whether human remains found Monday belong to Paige Birgfeld, a 34-year-old mother of three who was first reported missing in June 2007.

Frank Birgfeld, Paige's father, has confirmed the Mesa County Sheriff called to tell him the department is investigating the discovery of human remains on Monday.

The Mesa County Sheriff's Office says the remains were found last week. It is not saying where the remains were found or who found them.

Birgfeld said he was specifically told the body could be Paige's, although he told KKCO-TV in Grand Junction, "he doesn't want to get his hopes up."

Birgfeld also said the sheriff's department has called him about other human remains that have been found in the past.

Paige Birgfeld was first reported missing on June 30, 2007. She was last seen by an ex-husband two days prior.

The burned-out shell of her car was found in a gravel parking lot of an auto parts distribution warehouse on July 1, 2007.

Since her disappearance, hundreds of searchers have combed remote areas near Grand Junction for the 34-year-old mother of three.

In late July 2007, searchers found a checkbook and a series of checks belonging to Paige about 10 miles from where her burnt-out car was found.

Searchers also found Paige's Blockbuster card and a couple of health cards.

In the weeks following her disappearance, details about Paige Birgfeld's double life have surfaced including the discovery she was working as an escort.

[janetupnorth]

Another rehash of the same:

Investigators are not saying anything…other than the human remains found in Mesa County are human. According to the Daily Sentinel, Sheriff’s officials will not even disclose where the remains were found. It’s believed that maybe the authorities are being so quiet about the discovery because they could belong to that of missing 34-year-old Paige Birgfield. Birgfield, a Grand Junction mother of three has been missing for more than a year.
Source: Grand Junction Daily Sentinel

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Isn't it amazing how a little creative writing can get so much out of such a little press release?

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Well, nuthin' new yesterday, so we're all still waiting for news. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are up to 150 candles! Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1965, (former) President Harry S. Truman became the first beneficiary and holder of the first card for Medicare. President Lyndon B. Johnson signed Medicare into law this day in 1965 at the Truman Library in Missouri.

...in 1932, Disney's first Technicolor cartoon, Flowers and Trees was released.

...in 1936, David O. Selznick purchased the movie rights to Gone With The Wind from Margaret Mitchell, before the book went to press. The payment of $50,000.00, an unheard of sum in those days for an unpublished book. Gone With The Wind went on to sell 1,000,000 copies in the first six months and 12,000,000 copies in the next three decades.

...in 1942, FDR signed a bill that created the Women's Auxiliary for the Navy, "Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service" better known by the acronym, WAVES. This came two months after Eleanor Roosevelt had convinced FDR to create the WAACs, the Women's Auxiliary Army Corps. In September, the Army also created the Women's Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron, or WAFS, comprised of 25 experienced women to ferry military aircraft from point of manufacture to point of debarcation. Recognizing the value of women as pilots, General Hap Arnold also created the Army Air Force Women's Flying Training Detachmentor WFTD. In August, 1943, the WAFS and the WFTD were merged and were redesignated the Women Airforce Service Pilots, or WASPs.

...in 1943, Adolph Hitler learned of Italy's imminant surrender to the Allies. He was planning to rescue Mussolini, reinstall him and his fascist government, reinforce the Italian army and sink the Italian navy so it could not be used by the Allies. Of course, the Allies continued to push up the Italian peninsula, towards Germany.

...in 1998, Buffalo Bob Smith passed away. He was the creator of The Howdy Doody Show, a staple of kids' television in the 1940's and 50's. You have to be my age or older to remember, "Say, kids! What time is it?" http://www.fiftiesweb.com/doody.wav The show featured his puppets, Howdy, Dilly Dally, Phineas T. Bluster and Flub-A-Dub and live-action residents of Doodyville included Cornelius Cobb, Chief Thunderthud, Princess Summerfall Winterspring and Clarabelle, the Clown. (Played initially by Bob Keeshan, who went on to some fame as Captain Kangaroo.) How did he get his name? Bob Smith was from Buffalo, NY.

...in 2003, the last Volkswagen "Beetle" came off the assembly line in Puebla, Mexico, the last country where the beetle was sold. The last one was shipped to VW headquarters in Wolfsburg, Germany. The car's heritage is a surprise to most people, as the car was designed by Ferdinand Porsche, at the request of Adolph Hitler, to design a "peoples' car" or, volks wagen. The car was declared unsafe in the U.S. because of the rear-mounted engine, but the design reappeared as a front engine car, based on the Golf, to become a popular "chick" car in the United States.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[janetupnorth]

A New Twist...

Investigators look west in remains probe | GJFreePress.com (http://www.gjfreepress.com/article/20080730/COMMUNITY_NEWS/879760738/1076&parentprofile=-1)

Investigators look west in remains probe


By Paul Shockley
Grand Junction, CO, Colorado

GRAND JUNCTION — A hiker’s discovery in Utah of a single bone prompted Mesa County authorities to head west late last week.

Grand County Utah Sheriff’s Deputy Curt Brewer on Tuesday said his agency and the Mesa County Sheriff’s Office continue to search grounds where the find happened — he declined to say where specifically in Grand County authorities are working.

“It appeared this bone had been out there quite some time,” Brewer said.

The deputy described the bone as an apparent section of skull. According to Brewer, there’s no conclusive determination whether it’s human or animal.

That’s in contrast to a Mesa County Sheriff’s news release distributed Monday, which said investigators have been assigned to a human remains find in the region.

The bone has apparently crossed state lines at least once.

Brewer, who said he was unsure when the discovery happened, said a hiker came across the remains and brought it back to Grand Junction.

Officials involved in the investigation say it could take weeks to months to identify who it belonged to.

Brewer said Grand County has a single missing persons case: The 1995 disappearance of former Hayden, Colo., mayor Dick Roberts, 51.

Hayden Police Sgt. Gordon Booco said Roberts’ pickup truck was found in Grand County.

“It’s a cold case at this point and leads have been few and far between,” said Booco, declining to discuss other details in the investigation.

Mesa County Sheriff’s spokeswoman Heather Benjamin said the agency has 11 active missing person cases dating back to 1983, including the June 28, 2007, disappearance of 34-year-old Paige Birgfeld.

Reach Paul Shockley at pshockley@gjfreepress.com.

[ivykeep]

Paige is in my thoughts frequently with the newest developments and her family is in my prayers.

[Intrepid_Chef]

So are we talking about two different sets of human remains or the same one?

I am confused.

I am in the "news biz" myself, and the Associated Press is not showing me ANYTHING about this that I can find ...

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

No one is really sure, and no one is saying much.

Here's an interesting report from KREX-TV in Grand Junction. Follow the link and watch the video - it's an interview with Connie Flukey and a rather sobering quote from Frank.

KREX-TV Human Remains Story (http://www.krextv.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=3477)

[chefmeg]

I just need this to be over for that poor family and after watching that video, I feel even more strongly that they have got to get some answers and I pray it comes from the findings this week.

[Intrepid_Chef]

After watching that clip (couldn't play it too loudly b/c I am still at work) I am reminded that police have told me that life is not like CSI. On those shows, people can expect an investigation like this to be wrapped up in a day or so. In real life, most places (ESPECIALLY small, rural communities) have to send their evidence to a state lab to be processed, where it can take months to test. DNA tests can't be done in an hour!

I'm thinking that if the other families had been notified, they would have spoken up too ... though we may not necessarily hear about it.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Mesa Co. bones came from Utah

By Tom McGhee
The Denver Post

Link: Denver Post (http://www.denverpost.com/news/ci_10046093)

The Mesa County Coroner has examined human remains after someone found them in Utah and turned them over to the County Sheriff's office.

The bones have been returned to the Utah State Medical Examiner's Office, according to a release from the Coroner's office.

"Citizens should be reminded that it is illegal to move any discovered remains that may be human and should notify law enforcement immediately before taking any further action," Mesa County coroner Robert A. Kurtzman said in the release.

Someone brought the remains to the Sheriff's Office last Thursday.

For the past year, authorities have been looking for Paige Birgfeld, a mother of three who worked as an escort and disappeared in June 2007.

Searchers have combed remote areas and have found checks and other possessions.

Frank Birgfeld, Paige's father, said earlier this week that investigators told him that they had found remains. "But it was almost an aside. They called and talked about some other things that we had been communicating about, and at the end, they said, 'Look, you know, because there will probably be press around today asking questions, we found some remains.' "

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. In the news, we learned that the remains found in Utah last week have been returned to the coroner in Utah. There were no other details released. There was no other real news and no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 131 candles now. As always, remember that candles go out after 48 hours but that doesn't mean you should stop lighting candles for Paige and her three children, maybe more now than ever.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1975, James Riddle "Jimmy" Hoffa vanished, never to be seen again. He was a most influential labor leader and the popular legend was that he was a victim of a Mafia hit, but his disappearance has never been solved. In 1967, when he was president of the Teamsters, he was convicted of bribery and sentenced to 15 years. President Nixon commuted his sentence in 1971 with the proviso that he not participate in union activities for ten years. While he preparing to challenge the proviso, he was snatched from a restaurant parking lot in Detroit. Several urban myths claim to reveal the location of his body (the most popular being in the end zone or inside a concrete column of Giants Stadium in the Meadowlands) but he has never been found.

...in 1777, Marie-Joseph Paul Roch Yves Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette was appointed Major-General in the Continental Army, the 19 year old aristocrat agreed to serve without pay. His native France would later ally itself to the American cause and recalled Lafayette. Benjamin Franklin, the ambassador to France, reported that Lafayette was a most convincing advocate for the Americans at the French Court. He later returned to the Continental Army to serve in several decisive battles, including the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown.

...in 1990, Nolan Ryan became the 20th pitcher to reach 300 career victories, leading the Texas Rangers to a 11-3 victory over the Milwaukee Brewers. The Ryan Express often threw pitches over 100 miles per hour. In his last game, he tore a ligament in his arm and still threw the next pitch 98 mph. He retired after that game in 1993 and was elected to the Hall of Fame in 1999, along with George Brett, Robin Yount and Orlando Cepeda. (I was at that induction ceremony, primarily to see Robin Yount inducted. Of the 90,000 people who were estimated to be there, it seemed like 65,000 of them were from Kansas City to see George Brett.)

...in 1917, the third battle for Ypres in Flanders Field, Belgium began. It lasted until November 16, cost the British 310,000 casualties and the Germans over 260,000 casualties. The battle clearly demonstrated the futility of trench warfare. After the first battle for Ypres in 1915, Lt Col. John McCrae, MD (Canada) penned the poem, In Flanders Fields, called one of the greatest war poems ever written:

IN FLANDERS FIELDS the poppies blow
Between the crosses row on row,
That mark our place; and in the sky
The larks, still bravely singing, fly
Scarce heard amid the guns below.

We are the Dead. Short days ago
We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,
Loved and were loved, and now we lie
In Flanders fields.

Take up our quarrel with the foe:
To you from failing hands we throw
The torch; be yours to hold it high.
If ye break faith with us who die
We shall not sleep, though poppies grow
In Flanders fields.

(In case you ever wondered why the poppy is the symbol of the American Legion Auxiliary, read the poem again.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Bone discovery leaves mystery

By AMY HAMILTON
The Daily Sentinel
Link: Grand Junction Daily Sentinel (http://www.gjsentinel.com/hp/content/news/stories/2008/07/30/073108_1B_body_folo.html)

Wednesday, July 30, 2008

Ten searchers on Wednesday were tasked with searching an area northwest of the Colorado state line after a hiker discovered a human bone there, according to Utah’s Grand County Sheriff’s Department.

A person whom law enforcement declined to identify found the bone while hiking in the Bryson Canyon area of the Bookcliffs in Utah, and turned it over to the Mesa County Sheriff’s Department.

Mesa County Forensic Pathologist Robert Kurtzman confirmed Wednesday the bone brought to the Mesa County Coroner’s Office on July 24 was identified as a human remain.

Kurtzman said the bone has since been turned over to Utah’s medical examiners office for further study, but it is too soon to make any determination of who the bone belongs to. Kurtzman declined to speak about what type of bone it was or whether it was from a man or woman.

On Tuesday, investigators from Grand County and one investigator from Mesa County traveled to the site where the bone was found to search a three- to five-mile swath for additional remains, Grand County officials said in a news release.

Speculation had surfaced recently about the remains because the Mesa County Sheriff’s Department recently reported that local investigators had been tasked with identifying human remains discovered in the region.

The father of Grand Junction woman Paige Birgfeld, who has been missing for more than a year, was notified by the Mesa County Sheriff’s Department, prompting talk that the remains may provide some answers in the highly-publicized case. Frank Birgfeld said he was notified of the find, but not given any further information.

Spokeswoman Heather Benjamin of the Mesa County Sheriff’s Department said, if requested, Mesa County will provide DNA to Grand County investigators on the county’s 11 missing persons cases reported since 1983.

Kurtzman said it is illegal for anyone who believes they have come across human remains to move them from the site.

He added that solving cases of found human remains can take years, citing a case that was recently solved when hikers found a human skull on Grand Mesa two years ago.

“It’s early,” Kurtzman said of the recent find. “It’s been blown way out of proportion. These cases are complicated. It involves a great deal of effort.”

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 119 candles now. As always, a reminder that candles go out after 48 hours. Remember to keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1961, Texas oilman, Angus Wynne Jr., opened the gates at a new concept, a theme park, called Six Flags Over Texas. An all-inclusive fee was paid at the gate, eliminating tickets and separate fees. For $2.75 for adults and $2.25 for a child, families could spend an entire day at the park. Wynne was also a land developer, and the 17 acres in Arlington was standing empty. He decided a theme park would be a good use for the acreage before he converted it into an industrial park. He made back his investment in just 18 months and decided maybe a theme park was better use for the land than an industrial park. He sold the park in 1969, it changed hands several times before becoming part of Six Flags, Inc. which owns 30 theme parks in North America, with over 34 million people per year visiting the parks.

...in 1914, World War I began in Europe as Germany and Russia declared war on each other, after Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia four days before. Within three days, France, Belgium, and Great Britain aligned with Russia against the German/Austria-Hungary alliance. As usual, citizens of each country thought they would easily defeat the other powers within days, except that the war went on for four years and caused uncountable damages and deaths in Europe, some 20 million military and civilians perished during the war. It was known as the War to End All Wars, but the Treaty of Versailles that ended the war laid such punitive terms upon Germany that it sewed the seeds for the rise of Adolph Hitler and the start of World War II.

...in 1966, a gunman, armed with a a shotgun, a Remmington 700 rifle with a scope, a 6 mm Remmington rifle, an M1, a Luger, a .357 magnum and another pistol, along with enough ammunition and supplies to last for several days, climbed to the top of a 300 foot tower at the University of Texas and opened fire. By the time the event was over, he had killed 14 people and injured 31 more. Charles Whitman was an Eagle Scout and former Marine who was despondent over the breakup of his parents' marriage. On July 31, he stabbed his mother, and his wife, to death, then headed to the UT campus. He killed the receptionist at the top of the tower with the butt of his rifle, then barricaded himself on the observation deck. An excellent marksman, he shot people up to 500 yards away. He was shot and killed by Austin police officers who boldly charged the stairs of the tower. An autopsy revealed that Whitman had a cancerous brain tumor that may have caused his emotional eruption.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/UT_tower_lit_entirely_in_orange.jpg/180px-UT_tower_lit_entirely_in_orange.jpg
The tower remained closed until 1999 when it reopened.

...in 1973, American Graffiti opened in Los Angeles. The low budget film (the budget was a mere $700,000) was co-written and directed by 29 year old George Lucas. He made very little himself on the film that went on to gross over $50 million in rentals alone. The film did, however, establish his reputation as a filmmaker, allowing him to start shooting the Star Wars franchise that opened in 1977. Star Wars, of course, is one of the biggest blockbusters in film history.

...in 1953, Paramount Pictures released the western, Shane, considered by many to be the best western ever made. World War II had cost more than lives and destruction, it also took away America's innocence and sophisticated audiences had grown weary of cardboard-cutout western heroes. Shane introduced a deep and complex character, caught in a typical situation that he was trying to escape. The movie also introduced a new actor in his first starring role. Billed as "Lee Jack Palance," he went on to a brilliant career as the quintessential bad man. If you have never seen Shane, do yourself a favor and rent it soon.

...in 1988, WABC radio in New York became the flagship station and originating studio of the nationally syndicated Rush Limbaugh Radio Program with 55 stations in the syndication network. He is recognized for saving AM radio and making it a viable medium again. In 1984, Limbaugh went on the air at KFBK in Sacramento where he replaced Morton Downy, Jr. In 1987, when the Fairness Doctrine was repealed, Limbaugh announced that he was the first man to be "...liberated from the East Germany of liberal media domination." Love him or hate him, he is the biggest name in radio with over 200 stations in his network with an audience of 13.5 million people each week, estimated to be as high as 20 million in any given hour.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Police hope bone found in Utah will help Colo. case

July 31st, 2008 @ 9:20pm
By Amanda Butterfield
Link: KSL-TV Salt Lake City, Utah (http://www.ksl.com/?nid=148&sid=3906176)

Bones found along the Utah-Colorado border have given Colorado investigators hope they will finally be able to solve the case of a young mother who has been missing for more than a year.

One of the bones, a piece of human skull, was found in Utah and now is being tested at the medical examiner's office in Salt Lake. Colorado investigators are anxiously awaiting results. They want to know if it belongs to a victim in an unsolved murder case.

Paige Birgfeld of Colorado, a mother of three, was last seen in June of 2007. Investigators say the piece of bone could be from her.

A Mesa County Sheriff's Department spokesperson said, "This could be anyone, really. It gives hope to families and to us. It could solve one of our cases."

Though investigators are waiting to confirm if the bone belongs to Birgfeld, they've contacted her father, Frank Birgfeld.

"To some degree I want to find her," he said, "but on the other hand I don't want to find her not alive."

Last week, as Utah was celebrating Pioneer Day, hikers in the Bryson Canyon area of the Bookcliffs, near the Utah-Colorado line, spotted a bone and took it to the Mesa County Sheriff's Office in Grand Junction, Colo. Then investigators brought the bone to Salt Lake for testing.

Ten people are searching a five-mile area of the Bookcliffs in Bryson Canyon for more evidence. Any bone found is being bagged and labeled.

Steve White, with the Mesa County Sheriff's Office, said, "We're working with some doctors out of Salt Lake with anything, any bone, to confirm whether it's animal or human."

One woman, Connie Flukie, has searched for Birgfeld before. "I feel sickened this is it. The family deserves some peace. This could be her," she said.

White said, "It would be nice to put some closure. If there's a family or something missing someone, it would be nice to put some closure to that."

Though Paige's father wants closure, he doesn't know if he wants the bone to be his daughter's.

"My situation is to wait and see if this has anything to do with Paige," he said.

It will be some time before the medical examiner's office releases results from tests on the bone.

Paige Birgfeld was a mother of three, last seen with her ex-husband the night of her disappearance. She also worked at an online escort service.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday but some interesting news. Earlier this week, it was reported that human remains had been found in Utah last week. The remains were sent back to Utah, confusing most of us. Yesterday, it was reported that medical examiner in Salt Lake City is attempting to identify the remains. Paige's name is still part of the identification process, continuing to confuse most of us. Stay tuned.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 100 candles. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours and keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1776, members of the Continental Congress signed the Declaration of Independence. While it had been approved on July 4, it took until August 2 to print copies and create the hand-written version, signed by the delegates, and preserved in the national archives.

...in 1934, President Paul von Hindenburg, of the Weimar Republic, passed away, leaving a clear path for Adolph Hitler to seize power in Germany. He was the son of a Prussian military officer, fought in the Seven Weeks War with Austria at the age of 19 and also fought in the Franco-Prussian War. During WWI, he rose to prominence and became the President in 1925. The German government was in disarray with unrest from both the right and left. The Treaty of Versailles was harsh and Hindenburg allowed dissolution of the Reichstag and hold new elections. The Nazi Party became the second largest party because of the election and soon was gaining new members. With his death, nothing stood in the way of Hitler's rise to power.

Right after WWI, Hitler, a decorated soldier disappointed by Germany's loss, joined the German Workers' Party, mostly a group of disgruntled army veterans. When he assumed leadership in the 1920's, he renamed the group the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist Workers' Party) that was abbreviated as Nazi. The party was anything but socialist, in fact, Hitler blamed communists as well as Jews for Germany's defeat in WWI and it became his personal vendetta to extract revenge. The party also adopted an ancient symbol of good luck as its symbol, forever ruining the swastika to mean anything but hatred. With Hindenburg's death, Hitler combined his title of Chancellor with Hindenburg's title of President and called himself Führer ("leader") and disbanded the democratic government to put the Third Reich into place.

...in 1943, the Japanese destroyer Amaqiri rammed PT-109 amidships, slicing it in half and killing two of the crew. Other PT boat commanders in the area, assuming the crew had been killed in such a collision, left the area. The commander of the boat rallied the other ten survivors, who clung to the debris for five hours until they reached a coral island. After swimming to a larger island, the young lieutenant encountered a native and carved a message into a coconut shell, which led to the rescue. The lieutenant was decorated for his bravery, and both he and the coconut shell ended up in the Oval Office. The story of Lieutenant John F. Kennedy was told in the movie, PT-109 starring Cliff Robertson in 1963.

...in 1990, Iraqi forces invaded Kuwait, quickly overwhelming the Kuwaiti defense forces and capturing Kuwait City. The emir of Kuwait and his family escaped to Saudi Arabia. The United Nations quickly denounced the invasion and called for Iraq to withdraw. Saddam Hussein responded by setting up a provincial government to rule his new prize - including 20% of the world's oil reserves and access to the Persian Gulf. Operation Desert Storm, led by the United States, began on January 16, 1991 and drove the Iraqis back into their own land.

...in 1992, Jackie Joyner-Kersee won the Gold Medal in the heptathalon at the Barcelona Olympics. It was her second Gold in the Olympic heptathalon, which she won in 1988 at the Seoul Olympics. She is the only woman to win gold twice in the event. She also won a bronze medal in 1996, her sixth Olympic medal, the most medals won by an American woman in track and field.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Written by our old friend from the GJ Free Press, Paul Shockley

Hiker finds bone, prompting investigation

Paul Shockley
Grand Junction correspondent
Aspen, CO Colorado

Link: The Aspen Times (http://www.aspentimes.com/article/20080730/NEWS/139899944/1058)

GRAND JUNCTION, Colo. — A hiker’s discovery in Utah of a single bone prompted Mesa County authorities to head west late last week.

Grand County Utah Sheriff’s Deputy Curt Brewer on Tuesday said his agency and the Mesa County Sheriff’s Office of western Colorado continue to search grounds where the fragment was found, though he declined to say where specifically in Grand County authorities are working.

“It appeared this bone had been out there quite some time,” Brewer said.

The deputy described the bone as an apparent section of skull. According to Brewer, there’s no conclusive determination whether it’s human or animal.

That’s in contrast to a Mesa County Sheriff’s news release distributed Monday, which said investigators have been assigned to the discovery of human remains in the region.

The bone has apparently crossed state lines at least once.

Brewer, who said he was unsure when the bone was found, said a hiker came across the remains and brought the bone back to Grand Junction.

Officials involved in the investigation say it could take weeks to months to identify its origin.

Brewer said Grand County has a single missing-persons case — the 1995 disappearance of former Hayden, Colo. Mayor Dick Roberts, 51.

Hayden Police Sgt. Gordon Booco said Roberts’ pickup truck was found in Grand County.

“It’s a cold case at this point and leads have been few and far between,” said Booco, declining to discuss other details in the investigation.

Mesa County Sheriff’s spokeswoman Heather Benjamin said the agency has 11 active missing-person cases dating back to 1983, including the June 28, 2007 disappearance of 34-year-old Paige Birgfeld.

pshockley@gjfreepress.com

[dannyzmom]

Not sure if anyone postd this one yet, but my friend emailed it to me. The ignorant comments just tick me off...

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Did I miss a link or something?

[dannyzmom]

Yep - I forgot to post the link & then went out for the evening- LOL
Sorry...
ksl.com - Police hope bone found in Utah will help Colo. case (http://www.ksl.com/?nid=148&sid=3906176)

[janetupnorth]

Not sure if anyone postd this one yet, but my friend emailed it to me. The ignorant comments just tick me off...

Ditto...

:(

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Yes, the KSL report was posted in post #5198.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we have 115 candles now. Levels usually drop off on weekends, so please remember to keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1958, the world's first nuclear powered submarine, the USS Nautilus, steamed underwater from Point Barrow, Alaska to to Iceland, over the geological north pole. It was the first time the feat had been accomplished and proved to be the fastest, and shortest route, between the Pacific Ocean and Europe.

...in 1492, In fourteen hundred and ninety two, Columbus sailed the ocean blue... or, at least, so the children's poem goes. Christopher Columbus (or, "Colombus" if you keep his non-Anglicized spelling) set sail from Palos, Spain in command of three ships, the Niña, Pinta and the Santa Maria, in search of a new route to the wealthy cities of Asia. On October 12, the small fleet caught sight of land (most likely the Bahamas) and went on to stumble into Cuba, thinking it was mainland China. Columbus is given credit for discovering the New World, even though Erik, The Red and the Vikings had colonized Greenland and Newfoundland in the 10th Centuries. Columbus has been called the ultimate politician - he set out without knowing where he was going, he returned to a hero's welcome with no idea where he had been, and he did it all with someone else's money.

...in 1900, Harvey S. Firestone established the Firestone Tire & Rubber Company in Akron, Ohio with 12 employees. Henry Ford selected Firestone tires as standard equipment on Model T (which Ford began manufacturing in 1908) and made Firestone into a wealthy man and household name. Harvey Firestone and Henry Ford went on to be fast friends and are found in photographs of their annual camping trips. Firestone was not the first, nor the last. B.F. Goodrich began making rubber products in Akron in 1869, Frank Seiberling founded Goodyear in 1898 and General Tire in 1915. Akron went on to become the tire capital of the world, with Firestone and Goodyear leading the way. Today, except for a few handcrafted racing tires, no tires are made in Akron and the big rubber industry is all gone. Rocker Chrissie Hynde is from Akron, living most of her life in Europe and Brazil. She returned home to find the big changes, writing and performing a song with The Pretenders called My City Was Gone. In a twist of irony, the thumping bass line opening and guitar licks of the song are best known as the opening theme to Rush Limbaugh's syndicated radio program, for which she is paid royalties.

...in 1846, the wagon train led by Jacob and George Donner, found the first warning that their route was impassible. Instead of following the established California Trail from Fort Bridger, Wyoming, the Donner Party followed a new, shorter route published by Lansford Hastings. It turns out, Hastings had never actually taken the route himself, he had drawn it from maps. The Donner Party had no idea of the hardships there were about to endure, including a miserable trip across 100 miles of the Great Salt Desert and eventually becoming stranded in the Sierra Nevada mountains, near present day Truckee, California. The stranded emigrants resorted to cannibalism to survive, only 45 of the original 89 of the group made it to California. Donner Lake and Donner Pass are named in their honor, the location of their winter hardship.

...in 1949, the National Basketball Association was born from the merger of the rival Basketball Association of American and the National Basketball League. The fledgling league, with such teams as the Minneapolis Lakers and Milwaukee Hawks, grew through the 1950's and 1960's to the modern 30 teams, attracting millions of fans around the world.

That's it. That's all we know as of 1:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

More human bones at site

By AMY HAMILTON
The Daily Sentinel
Link: Grand Junction Daily Sentinel (http://www.gjsentinel.com/hp/content/news/stories/2008/08/02/080308_1a_Bone_follow.html)

Saturday, August 02, 2008

A man who said he took an arm bone to Mesa County authorities said Saturday that he also told them he found more bones and led investigators to the site near Interstate 70 in Utah.

The man, who only gave his first name as James, said he found the upper arm bone late last month near some smaller hand bones after about a 10-minute walk from the first westbound rest stop in Utah off I-70. The bones were not bleached, didn’t appear to be dated or brittle and were near what appeared to be a small animal’s den, James said.

Speculation has risen over the origin of the human bone that was discovered by a hiker and brought to the Mesa County authorities.

The remains have been turned over to the Utah State Office of the Medical Examiner, and Utah authorities have searched the site for more human remains.

The man said he saw the bones and immediately thought they looked like human remains.

He said he picked up the largest upper arm bone, placed it in a plastic bag and delivered it to Grand Junction authorities. He later led officials to the site where the other bones were.

“I was just trying to do the right thing,” the man said about bringing in the human remains. It is illegal to disturb found human remains.

The man, who said he is an avid hiker, said he was “surprised to find something.” He said he would feel satisfied if he helped authorities solve a case.

“I would be glad if I could do something for somebody,” he said. “It would make me feel good.”

Mesa County has 11 reported missing persons cases.

The Mesa County Sheriff’s Department would not release the name of the person who reported the bones.

•

E-mail Amy Hamilton at amy. hamilton@gjsentinel.com.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so the usual phrase repeats: No news, no new developments. There was a news report out of Denver but it's basically a reprint of the story in Saturday's GJ Daily Sentinel.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are holding at 115 candles, not bad for a weekend. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1892, Lizzie Bordon took and axe and gave her mother 40 whacks. When she saw what she had done, she gave her father 41. Well, so goes the old rhyme. Despite strong circumstancial evidence, a jury aquitted Lizzie of the heinous murders and she lived quite comfortably until her death in 1927.

...in 1942, the song White Christmas premiered in a film entitled Holiday Inn. Bing Crosby was already a popular crooner, having started his career signing with the Paul Whiteman orchestra in 1927. He was also noted for both his comic and dramatic acting ability, winning an Oscar for Going My Way in 1944. He was also a noted golf fanatic, sponsoring a tournament that bore his name and he died in 1977, on a golf course. White Christmas has sold about a bazillion copies, and was made into a movie with Danny Kaye that some have claimed was a remake of Holiday Inn. It was not, however, White Christmas (1954) did share some concepts and used the same sets as Holiday Inn. A famous motel chain, started in 1952, took its name from the film.

...in 1936, Jesse Owens won the long jump in the Berlin Olympics. It was the second of four gold medals he would win in the Olympiad, in Der Führer's face - disproving to the world the superiority of the Aryan Race. Owens jumped 26' 5-1/2" (the first time anyone jumped over 26' in Olympic history) to set a record that would stand for 24 years. Hitler left the stadium in disgust.

...in 1958, the "Top 100" ran for the first time in Billboard magazine. Top of the first chart was Ricky Nelson's Poor Little Fool.

...in 1944, a Dutch informant tipped the Gestapo to a hidden apartment where Anne Frank lived with her parents, another Jewish family and a dentist. The families were shipped to Auschwitz, and with the Russian liberation of Poland imminent, Anne and her sister were shipped to Belsen-Bergin where they died of typhoid, just two months before the camp was liberated. Her father, Otto, was the only one to survive, and when he returned to Amsterdam, he was presented with Anne's diary, that had been overlooked by the Nazis. Otto published the diary as a book, which has now been translated into 50 languages, documenting the terror that was Europe overrun by Nazi Germany.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

No real news yesterday or new developments so nothing to report.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige). we are down to 73 candles. As always, remember that candles burn out in 48 hours and must be relit.

On This Day In History...

...in 1944, Polish insurgents freed 348 Jews from a forced-labor camp in Warsaw. The Germans managed to kill 15,000 insurgents, but the Poles fought on and took over at least half of the city from the Germans. Some of the Jews formed their own brigade, repairing captured German tanks to use in the rebellion.

...in 1962, blonde bombshell Marilyn Monroe was found dead in her home, nude, face down with the phone in one hand. Empty pill bottles were in the room, setting the scene for a cause of death as suicide. Conspiracy theorists seem to think the Kennedy family had something to do with it, in fact, Robert Kennedy is rumored to have been with her earlier in the day but no link was ever made of Kennedy involvement to her death. She is still mourned all these many years later.

...in 1981, President Ronald Reagan followed through on a promise and fired 11,359 air-traffic controllers who had walked off the job and defied his order for them to return to work. (Federal law prohibits striking by certain workers, including air traffic controllers.) Included in the firing was a lifetime ban on rehiring any of the strikers.

...in 1861, President Abraham Lincoln imposed the first federal imcome tax. It was a tax of 3% on any income over $800 annually, which was a rather princely sum. (The practice, called progressive indexing, increases the percentage of taxes as income increases. The practice of making the highest incomes pay the highest taxes continues to this day, with the top 5% of earners paying over half of all the taxes collected. See "Who Really Pays Income Tax?" (http://www.taxfoundation.org/blog/show/341.html) from the Tax Foundation.)

...in 1983, the final approval was made by a U.S. District court, force telecommunications giant, AT&T to divest itself of local telephone service providers. The AT&T dragon had finally been slain by justice department do-gooders, creating Southwestern Bell, Pacific Telesis, Ameritech, U.S. West, NYNEX, BellSouth and Bell Atlantic. Of course, every dragon lays an egg before it is slain. The egg has hatched, and slowly but surely, the so-called Baby Bells have been merging until AT&T itself was swallowed and is back to being a telecommunications giant.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so the usual phrase repeats: No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are holding at 114 candles. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1945, an American B-29 named the Enola Gay dropped the first atomic weapon used in warfare on the city of Hiroshima, Japan. The Japanese were losing the war but vowed to fight on to the death. Pleas for surrender went ignored, and casualties in the millions were predicted for an American invasion of the Japanese homeland. President Harry Turman authorized use of "Little Boy" (the nickname for the bomb) that exploded 1900 feet above the ground with the explosive force of 12,500 tons of TNT. The city was practically leveled, 80,000 people died instantly and 35,000 were injured. Another 60,000 would die from effects of the explosion. One more atomic bomb would be dropped before Japan finally surrendered, ending WWII.

...in 1932, the application to patent the concept of the drive-in movie was made by Richard Hollingshead, Jr. His idea was to allow a family to attend a movie without baby sitters or excess expense, while sitting in the comfort of their own automobile. The patent was declared invalid in 1950, spurring an enormous growth. In 1958, the high point of drive-ins was reached with 4,063 across the country. Today, very few remain.

...in 1965, President Lyndon Baines Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act, making it illegal to impose any restrictions on any election. Most restrictions placed on voting had been placed to prevent African Americans from voting. An Alabama march that resulted in blacks being beaten by state troops shamed Congress into passing the legistlation. Free elections had been guaranteed by the 15th Amendment, ratified in 1870 but many blacks found they were told they had the date wrong, officials were not availble, or they would be forced to pass stupid tests like reciting the entire Constitution. Although not strongly enfoced, the law provided legal means to challenge stupide rules. Black voter turnout went from 6% in 1965 to 59% in 1969. Later, President Nixon extended the law to lower the eligible voting age to 18.

...in 1997, struggling Apple Computer company found a sugar daddy in the form of a $150 million minority stake purchase by rival, Microsoft. By taking a byte out of Apple, MS was able to guarantee domination in the Apple software market. Apple went on to greater heights, introducing the G4, called a desktop supercomputer, PowerBook, the G5, iBook, iPod, iPhone and many more cutting edge products.

...in 1926, 19 year old Gertrude Ederle swam the 21 miles from Cape Griz-Nez to Dover, becoming the first woman to swim the English Channel. She had already won a gold medal in the 1924 Paris Olympics in the 4 x 100 relay and bronze in both the 100 and 400 meter freestyle. In 1925, she became the first woman to swim the length of New York Bay, from Battery Park to Sand Hook, NJ in 7 hours 11 minutes, breaking the previous mens' record. Her hearing was damaged in the Channel crossing and she spent most of her life teaching deaf children to swim. She died at the age of 98 in 2003.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Paige Birgfeld's Father Won't Give Up Looking

Aug 6, 2008 7:22 pm US/Mountain
Link: CBS4 Denver (http://cbs4denver.com/local/birgfeld.paige.grand.2.789663.html)

SUMMIT COUNTY, Colo. (CBS4) ― More than a year after his daughter disappeared, a determined father talked about his frustrations with the case with CBS4.

A mother of three, Paige Birgfeld disappeared last summer in Grand Junction. Police began the search after finding her burned out car. CBS4's Andrea Lopez spoke to her father, Frank, after the recent discovery of human remains had some wondering if it was his daughter's.

"You've got to keep going, you've got to keep looking," Frank said. "I need to be closer, I need to be active."

Paige disappeared June 28, 2007 at the age of 34. She was within 5 miles of her home.

"I think it's my mindset now that the crime against her was pre-planned and thought out," Frank said.

Some personal items such as a checkbook of Paige's were found on a highway 15 miles outside of Grand Junction. Her burned car was found two days after she disappeared.

"I think when we find her things will develop rather quickly," Frank said.

Many searches have turned up virtually nothing that has led to Paige although recently the sheriff's department said pieces of human bone were found in Utah.

"It was basically a piece of human skull that, to tell you the truth, was discovered over a year ago," Frank said.

Paige had a secret life that turned up in the course of the investigation. She was part of escort service making cash to help support her children. A customer has been a suspect, but no arrests have been made.

"It's my hope that she will walk through the door," Frank said. "Do I think that will happen? No."

Paige's house has since been sold and her children live with their father in Pennsylvania.

Frank vows never to give up looking for Paige.

"Maybe luck will come my way and something will happen," he said.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. There was one news article, from the CBS affiliate in Denver including an interview with Frank. Nothing really new, though, so no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are holding at 103 candles now. As always, a reminder that candles go out after 48 hours. Remember to keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1794, farmers in the west had difficulty getting their products to the east coast markets without spoiling, so one method was to convert corn to whiskey, and ship it east by the barrel. The federal government instilled (so to speak) a tax on liquor and stills. Irate farmers in Pennsylvania revolted in what has become known as the Whiskey Rebellion, by buring the homes of the tax collectors' homes. They also tarred and feathered revenue officers. President Washington sent in 12,900 troops to force the farmers back to their homes.

...in 1928, the dollar continued to shrink. In this case, it was not inflation but the physical dimensions of the currency, reduced about 30% from its previous size. New bills were printed in denominations from one to ten thousand dollars, including a new $2 bill. One year later, paper bills wee reduced another 25%, reaching today's familiar size and standard set of portraits and symbols.

...in 1942, the 1st Marine Division began Operation Watchtower, landing on Guadacanal in the Solomon Islands. It was the first offensive in the Pacific Theater, the begining of the strategy of "island hopping" toward the Japanese Islands. On June 6, the Japanese had invaded Guadacanal and began to construct and airfield that would have given them strategic advantage over the allies. Operation Watchtower called for the invasion of six of the Solomons. Resistance was strong on the other five islands but those on Guadacanal initially met little resistance - the Japanese did not know they were there. The next day, however, the Japanese began to fight back in fierce hand-to-hand jungle warfare as well as air and naval battles. In February, 1943, the Japanese retreated on secret orders from the Emporer. When it was over, an American general said, "These people refuse to surrender." The Japanese lost 25,000 men, the Americans lost 1,600. Both navies lost 24 ships. The first Medal of Honor issued to a Marine went to Sgt. John Basilone for valor during the operation.

...in 1947, the balsa wood raft Kon-Tiki landed on Tuamotu Archipelago, near Tahiti. The raft was captained by Thor Heyerdahl, a Norwegian anthropologist, who set out to prove his theory that the Pacific Islands could have been settled by South American natives. His 101 day, 4,300 mile voyage set out from Callao, Peru on the 40 square foot raft on April 28. His fellow scientists scoffed but the general public loved him, propelling his book about the voyage to bestseller status. Heyerdahl died in 2002 at the age of 87. The raft is on display at the Kon-Tiki Museum in Oslo.

...in 1959, Explorer 6 was launched into orbit. The unmanned satellite took a photo of the earth from 17,000 miles and transmitted it to earth. The transmission took 40 minutes to complete.

...in 1974, the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center was the scene of Frenchman, Philip Petit, walking on a cable strung between the towers. He caused a massive traffic jam, 1,350' below.

...in 1987, as the Cold War was thawing towards its end, Lynne Cox swam from the United States to the Soviet Union across the Bering Strait, the first so recorded swim in history. A powerful open water swimmer, Cox joined fellow high school swim team members in the 31 mile swim to Catalina Island. At the age of 15, she crossed the English Channel in nine hours, fifty seven minutes, setting a world record for both men and women. Two years later, she duplicated the feat and set another record. To prepare for the swim to the Soviet Union, she trained in water between 38º and 42º. Cox rarely wore a wetsuit, and set off into the Bering Strait, the water just above freezing, wearing just a swimming suit. She took 2 hours and 16 minutes, crossing the International Dateline, to swim the 2.7 miles from Little Diomede Island, Alaska to Big Diomede Island, Chukot.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we have slipped to 75 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1974, President Richard Milhouse Nixon announced to the nation that he was resigning, the first and only President (to date) to do so. "By taking this action, I hope that I will have hastened the start of the process of healing which is so desperately needed in America." The resignation was the result of a botched burglary at the DNC headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington. The resulting impeachment proceedings were not for the burglary, but for obstruction and abuse of the office.

...1863, Nixon wasn't alone this day. After the retreat of the Confederate army from Pennsylvania, a result of the Union victory at Gettysburg, General Robert E. Lee tendered his resignation to President Jefferson Davis. The resignation was refused, as President Davis believed that Lee was the most qualified man in the Confederate army to lead.

...in 1907, a Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost passed a 15,000 mile test proving the durability of a 7 litre engine and a gear box. The result was the reputation that the Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost was..."The Best Car in the World." The size of the engine is most notable, a 7 litre engine translates to an America engine displacement of about 425 cubic inches, and that was in 1907!

...in 1963, a gang of 15 executed a well-designed plan to steal $7 million from a Royal Mail train between Glasgow and London. The 75 postal workers on the train had no idea the robbery was in progress until the loot had been off-loaded to trucks and on its way to a new home. However, the thieves paniced and police beat them to their hideout. All but two of the gang were aprehended, one was caught in 1965 in Montreal, while Ronald Biggs made it to Brazil were he successfully fought extradition. Many years later, in failing health, he returned to Britain to turn himself in and he died in prison. None of the money was ever recovered.

...in 1998, the lights went on at Wrigley Field in Chicago. The first night game in professional baseball was played in Des Moines, Iowa on May 2, 1930 when a crowd of 12,000, where average attendance was 600, came to see the game against Wichita. The major leagues did not catch on until May 24, 1935 when the Cincinnati Reds turned on the lights for the first time. Every major league park, except Wrigley, installed lights but the Cubs continued to play all day game. On this day in 1998, the first night game at Wrigley was started...but was called on account of rain. (Some said it was God's way of protesting lights at Wrigley.) According to the Cubs media guide, the first night game was against the Mets on August 9.

...in 1960, the filming of West Side Story began in New York. The retelling of Romeo and Juliet had been a major hit on Broadway. The film's supporting actress, Rita Moreno, won an Oscar for her performance. Moreno was the very first person, and is one of the very few, to win an Oscar, an Emmy, a Tony, and a Grammy. West Side Story won ten Academy Awards, including Moreno, along with Best Supporting Actor, Best Director and Best Picture.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, No news, no developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), going into the weekend, we're holding 98 candles as of this post. Remember, the count always goes down on weekends and candles go out after 48 hours. Let's light those candles!

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1974, Gerald Ford took the oath of office to be President of the United States, following the unprecedented resignation of President Richard Milhouse Nixon. Nixon had appointed Ford to be Vice President, following the resignation of Vice President Spiro Agnew. Ford, the 38th POTUS, was the first President not elected to office. President Ford was defeated in a election bid by Jimmy Carter in 1976.

...in 1962, Chyrsler Corporation set the auto industry on its ear by announcing a 5 year, 50,000 mile warranty for 1963 models.

...in 1936, African American Jesse Owens, at the Berlin Olympics, won his fourth gold medal of the games in the 4 x 100 relay, the team setting a new world record of 39.8 seconds. Owens dominated the games, disproving Hitler's claim to the superiority of the Aryan race.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Jesse_Owens1.jpg/250px-Jesse_Owens1.jpg
Jesse Owens set a new world record in the long jump.

...in 1945, in the wake of Japan's War Council refusal to surrender after the total destruction of Hiroshima, the second nuclear bomb of WWII was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan. The bomb, named "Fat Man" was loaded into a specially equiped B-29, Bock's Car, named after the pilot, Frederick Bock. The explosion packed the whallop of 22,000 tons of TNT, obliterating the shipbuilding center and killing an estimated 60,000 to 80,000 people. (The exact death toll will never be known as bodies and records were simply vaporized.) There were no more atomic weapons in the arsenal, but Emporer Hirohito declared, "...continuing the war can only result in the annihilation of the Japanese people..." and authorized the unconditional surrender, bringing World War II to a conclusion.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 106 candles, as the count usually tails off on weekends. Remember, keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1846, a decision was finally made of what to do with a huge bequest from an obscure source. In 1829, British scientist, James Smithson died in Italy. His entire estate was to go to his nephew, but in the event his nephew died without heirs, his entire estate was to go "...to the United States of America, to found at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an Establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge." His nephew did pass away sans heir, six years later. Smithson's estate was accepted and on August 10, 1846, President James K. Polk signed the law that established the institution that is today comprised of 19 museums and galleries, nine research facilities around the nation and world, and the National Zoo. Known as "America's Attic," The Smithsonian is a must see for anyone visiting Washington, D.C. and all thanks to a scientist that no one remembers.

...in 1821, the first state entirely west of the Mississippi River was admitted to the union, Missouri. The state was named for Native Americans that lived there. Statehood had been debated since 1817 over the status of the new state as being a slave or free state. The Missouri Compromise allowed Missouri to enter the union as a slave state but it prevented all other Louisiana Purchase territories, north of the Missouri southern border, from entering the union as slave states. Missouri did not secede, but the forces of north and south deeply divided the state. Confederate guerrillas, like Jesse James, continued fighting the war long after the end of the Civil War. A new constitution in 1875 helped lay the divisions to rest.

...in 1948, Alan Funt aired his Candid Camera television show. The concept was to capture bemused and unsuspecting people caught in comic setups. One of the first and favorite bits was a talking mailbox. Another popular gag was for an actor to pull into a full-service gas station and ask the attendant to "Fill'er up!" then go into the men's room. The Volkswagen bug was equipped with an enormous fuel tank, and we got to watch the attendant try to figure out where all that gasoline was going. CBS tried to revive the show in 1991, but the magic was gone.

...in 1945, Japan submits to the terms of the Pottsdam Conference and agrees to unconditional surrender. President Harry S. Truman ordered a stop to the atomic bombings, although no one knew that the United States did not have any more weapons in stock. This ended the war against America, although fighting continued in Manchuria between the Japanese and the Soviet Union.

...in 1877, Amanda McFarland became the first white woman to settle in Alaska. Although long a territory of the United States, Alaska was still a wilderness with few settlements other than military outposts. (The famous gold rush would not occur for two more decades.) A dedicated Presbyterian missionary that had worked with the Nez Perce and Plains Indians, she quickly established herself with native Alaskans and even presided over a constitutional convention. She remained active until her death, at the age of 80, in 1912.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we have slipped to 87 candles, as the count usually tails off on weekends. Remember, keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1934, America's most dangerous convicts arrive in their new home, a 22 acre island comprised of mostly rock, about 1-1/2 miles away from San Francisco. The group might have been surprised to learn that they had cell mates - military prisoners left from the time Alcatraz was a military prison, which had actually begun in 1868. AG Robert Kennedy ordered the prison closed in 1963. In it's 29 year run, no one ever escaped. Contrary to popular culture, Robert Straud, the "Birdman of Alcatraz" did all his avian studies in Leavenworth and none in Alcatraz. Two escapees did make it to San Francisco, one was found exhausted and hypothermic at the foot of the Golden Gate Bridge and the other, disguised as a soldier, was spotted by a suspicious army officer and recaptured. The Rock is now part of Golden Gate Park and is a popular tourist destination.

...in 1984, before his weekly Saturday radio address, President Ronald Reagan performed a sound check by saying, "My fellow Americans, I'm pleased to tell you today that I've signed legislation that will outlaw Russia forever. We begin bombing in five minutes." The crack did not air, but it was caught on tape and leaked later. The usual suspects were aghast at the joke, claiming it was irresponsible and a statement of a repressed desire. Most of us thought it was pretty funny, and that the outrage around the world was even funnier. Reagan, who also called the Soviet Union an evil empire, went on to have a close friendship with Mikhail Gorbachev as the two oversaw the end of the Cold War.

...in 1841, former slave, Frederick Douglass, made his first abolitionist speech in Nantucket, beginning a long career in the abolitionist movement.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Frederick_Douglass_portrait.jpg/250px-Frederick_Douglass_portrait.jpg
Frederick Douglass (1818-1895)

...in 1919, the former wealthiest man in the world passed away. Andrew Carnegie arrived from Scotland at the age of 13 and took a job as a bobbin boy in a cotton factory. With a burning desire to succeed and with a little luck (like buying a farm over an oil field) he began his rise to power Carnegie believed the key to success was to control the entire production process, from raw materials to finished products. Thorugh mergers and acquisitions, Carneige held a virtual monopoly on the steel industry. He was known as the King of Steel, the architect of the second Industrial revolution, but also as a union buster and no friend of labor. After selling his interests in United States Steel, he set out to die penniless. By funding schools, institutes and Carnegie Libraries all over the country, he did use up a lot of his fortune before he died of bronchial pneumonia.

...in 1966, the first Chevrolet Camero came off the assembly line in Norwood, Ohio. The car was in response to Ford's wildly successful Mustang. Ordinarily it takes about three years to produce a new car from concept to assembly, but GM rushed to bring the Camero and Firebird to capture a part of the lucrative pony car market.

...in 1982, the Mall of America opened in Eagan, Minnesota, on the site of the old Metropolitan Stadium. Over 40,000,000 people per year make the pilgrimage to the mecca of shopping. (I love the little cheese store on the top floor, owned by Cheeseheads who also sell Packers merchandise, in the heart of Vikings country!)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we have fallen to 64 candles. Remember, keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1990, three huge bones, sticking out of a South Dakota cliff, were spotted by fossil hunter, Susan Hendrickson. The bones were part of the largest Tyrannosaurus rex ever found. The skeleton was 90% complete and well preserved. The Black Hills Institute of Geological Research paid $5,000 to the landower for rights to excavate the skeleton. In 1992, a series of lawsuits started over the skeleton, including an army raid that would rival an Indiana Jones movie. (You can read about the heavy-handed federal raid at The Seizure of Sue the T. rex (http://www.wmnh.com/wmssz000.htm).) In 1997, the skeleton was sold at auction to the Field Museum in Chicago, where Sue, as the skeleton was named to honor Hendrickson, went on display in 2000.

...in 1908, the first Model T Ford rolled out of the Piquette Avenue plant in Detroit, Michigan. Although the venerable automobile would not go on sale until October 1, the design was perfected and production began. Ford would make 15 million of them between 1908 and 1927. The assembly line would be perfected at the Highland Park plant several years later, and the Tin Lizzie would make Henry Ford a billionaire.

...in 1961, the communist government would begin construction of the Berlin Wall. Thousands of people had fled East Germany to the west, and the wall was built to stem the tide. President John F. Kennedy would speak to the West German citizens to show solidarity with their brethren walled into the east by saying, "Ich bin ein Berliner!" Literally translated, the phrase would be "I am a Berliner," meaning "citizen of Berlin," but by adding the modifier, "ein" what he said was, "I am a jelly donut!" The citizens were willing to overlook the grammatical error because of the importance of his speech, but it did cause giggles for many years. Today, with the wall gone, the Checkpoint Charlie Museum shows the melancholy memory of the wall, including displays of the clever methods used to escape East Berlin.

...in 1877, Thomas Edison invented the phonograph. On August 13, parents began to complain about the lousy music their kids were listening to.*

...in 1981, microcomputers took their final step to legitimacy in the the market with the introduction of a microcomputer offering from International Business Machines, known simply as the IBM-PC. Comprised of off-the-shelf parts from outside vendors, including an Intel 8088 processor and an operating system from some kid named Bill Gates, the very expensive computer was rapidly accepted by the Big 8 accounting firms and centralized processing was going the way of the Model T.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

* - Of course, I made that up but the part about Edison inventing the phonograph is true.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are back up to 92 candles, which is still below our recent average. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1961, East German soldiers began construction of a wall that would end up being 96 miles long, effectively cutting off the eastern half of Berlin from the rest of the world. The Berlin Wall was long seen as a symbol of the Cold War that would not end until the wall came down in 1990. (Yes, it was on both dates - soldiers began laying barbed wired on the night of 12th.)

...in 1962, President John F. Kennedy promised an "across the board, top to bottom" tax cut for personal and corporate income taxes. In response, the Dow average jumped 6.61 points the next day. The Kennedy administration subscribed to the Keynesian theory of economics, which says that lower taxes increases investing, which in turn, generates more tax revenue. Although the Keynesian model proves true over and over again, detractors of the Kennedy plan (and tax cuts in general) claim tax cuts are merely handouts to corporations and the wealthy. Despite the outrage from the usual suspects, the measure passed and $12 billion (a significant amount of money in 1963) was pumped into the economy. (The wealthiest Americans pay the most in income taxes, anyway, with more than 50% of the total federal tax bill paid by the 5% of population with the highest incomes in the country.)

...in 1898, William and James Packard visited the automobile factory of Alexander Winton and purchase Winton serial number 12. Packard was not happy with the automobile, so he designed his own car and the Packard Motor Car Company was born. Henry Joy would buy the company a few years later and propel it to prominence in the luxury car field with the slogan, "Ask the man who owns one." (Winton later lost a race to upstart Henry Ford, a race which both ended and began a legend. How different the world might be if Winton had won that race.)

...in 1942, Disney's beloved movie, Bambi, premiered at Radio City Music Hall.

...in 1991, the inventor of Hot Wheels and Barbie, Jack Ryan, died at the age of 65. Barbie was the brainchild of Ruth Handler, who was inspired by a German doll named Bild Lilli. Jack Ryan was an engineer for Mattel who took Handler's idea and made it into a production model. It is estimated that over a billion Barbie dolls have been sold and Matel claims 3 Barbies are sold every second. (Her full name is Barbara Millicent Roberts, from the town of Willows, Wisconsin. She attended Willow High School before moving to Manhattan International High School, based on the RL Stuyvesant HS. As with any successful product, she is not without her detractors, who claim that if the 1/6 scale Barbie were extrapolated to real life, she would be 7"2" tall, 39-18-33 and her feet would be so small that she would fall over. (Mattel has since given her breast reduction surgery and increased her waist size.)

...in 1860, in Patterson Township, Ohio, Phoebe Ann Oakley Moses was born. At the age of 8, she took a loaded rifle and steadied it on a porch rail. She shot a squirrel through the head, preserving the body for the stew pot. Billed as Annie Oakley, she performed as a sharpshooter but never dressed nor acted like a man. In fact, she was noted for her skills at embroidery that were equivalent to her skill with a firearm. On Thanksgiving Day, 1876 in Cincinnati, she was paired against a traveling sharp shooter named Frank Butler. She outshot him by one clay pigeon, and the seeds were planted that day. The couple was married the following June. In 1885, they joined Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show, where Chief Sitting Bull named her Watanya Cicilia, Little Sure Shot. In 1921, she was permanently crippled in an auto accident and retired to her native county. Annie Oakley died in 1926 at the age of 66.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were up over 125 candles today, but tonight, we are back down to 110 candles. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 2003, the power grid in the eastern United States failed, causing a major blackout affecting cities in the US and Canada. At 4:10 PM, power plants all over the east shut down within three minutes. Fifty million people were affected in New York, Cleveland, Detroit, Ottawa and Toronto. It took two hours to rescue stranded passengers in subways, elevators were stopped and businesses lost millions of dollars of perishables. Wall Street continued to trade, thanks to generators. Jittery Americans were sure it was a terrorist attack, but it turned out to be tree branches touching transmission lines in Ohio. Blackouts also hit New York City in 1965 and again in 1977, both events inspired movies about the events.

...in 1784, Grigory Shelikov, a Russian fur trader, settled Three Saints Bay on Kodiak Island, Alaska. Alaska had been discovered by Danish explorer, Vitus Bering. Native Aleut populations were decimated by the introduction of European diseases. Russian settlements pushed as far south as Bodega Bay, California but were were driven back to Alaska by the American navy. After the Crimean War, the Russian government was strapped for cash and offered Alaska to the US. Negotiations were stalled by the Civil War, but afterwards, Secretary of State William Seward negotiated a price of two cents an acre. Derided as Seward's Folly and President Johnson's polar bear garden, attitudes toward Alaska changed with the discovery of gold in 1898 and oil in 1967. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed Alaska into the union as the 49th state on January 3, 1959.

...in 1935, FDR signed the Social Security Act. It started out as a way to battle unemployment, but soon became a piggy bank that congress has raided numerous times, leaving it essentially empty.

...in 1893, Paris issued the first automobile license plates. The practice did not reach the United States for another decade, but it soon followed and it seems like the plate fee goes up every year.

...in 1980, workers in Gdansk, Poland seized the shipyards and staged a strike, demanding pay raises and the right to form a union without communist control. The strike also brought Lech Walesa to prominence, a key player in ending communist rule in Poland.

...in 1945, an official announcement was being prepared for Emperor Hirohito to announce the unconditional surrender to the Japanese people. The documents had already been submitted to the Allies, but still, a group of zealot soldiers raided the Imperial Palace in an attempt to destroy the documents and prevent the surrender. General Anami committed suicide to atone for the defeat and to not have to listen to the emperor utter the word, "surrender."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Once again, no news, no new developments. There are still no results in DNA testing of the human skeletal remains found last month.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 80 candles, once again, heading into the weekend when the total tends to drop off, so remember to light candles for Paige and her three children too.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298). You can click on any candle to read the message and who lit it.

On This Day In History...

...in 1939, the Wizard of Oz opened at Grauman's Chinese Theater in Hollywood. Huge crowds gathered to see the Hollywood elite come to see the 101 minute movie classic. The little known fact, however, is that this was not the world premiere. The Wizard of Oz had its world premiere the previous week, on August 12, at the Strand Theater in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin. MGM was nervous about the amount of money spent on what was viewed as a risky project, and thought the movie might have more grass-roots success if it was launched in small-town America. Oconomowoc (also the home of Ole Evinrude, inventor of the outboard motor) was chosen over several other small cities in America, making it the answer to a trivia question that even movie buffs and most Oconomowoc residents aren't aware of.

...in 1534, St. Ignatius of Loyola founded the Jesuits in Paris. It became the largest male order of the church and American college basketball would never be the same.

...in 1899, the head engineer of the main Detroit Edison Company plant in Detroit resigned. The engineer left his stable position to pursue a mad dream of making automobiles, inspired by his successful construction of an automobile in 1896, called "The Quadricycle." Henry Ford would go on to some success in the industry, creating an empire that, at one time, held over 60% of the automobile market.

...in 1935, Will Rogers died in a plane crash in Alaska. The beloved humorist was known for his "Aw, shucks" approach to biting political satire and gentle humor. He is quoted as saying, "I never met a man I didn't like," but I know a few he never met.

...in 1969, the Woodstock Music Festival began at Max Yazgur's 600 acre farm, near Bethel, New York. Promoters were not ready for the throng of fans who swarmed the town for the festival, blocking traffic, over-extending emergency services and closing the New York Thruway. The crowd, estimated to be perhaps at large as 500,000 (no one really knows) crashed the gates and flattened fences, staying through rain and mud to see such acts as The Who, Melanie, Arlo Guthrie, Paul Butterfield, Jimi Hendrix, Country Joe and the Fish, Joe Cocker, Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young, Blood Sweat & Tears, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Ten Years After, John Sebastian, Richie Havens, Grateful Dead, Sha-Na-Na and many, many more, a total of 32 acts. The music festival spawned a Joni Mitchell song (a hit for Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young) two albums, one six sided and one four sided, a 1970 documentary film and a new character in Charles Schulz's Peanuts. (Personal note, I was not there but one of my high school classmates was, and she appears in the movie as a bare-chested woman standing above the crowd, waving her hands above her head. Sadly, she passed away at a young age but her image is forever preserved on film.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Woodstock_poster.jpg/250px-Woodstock_poster.jpg
The original movie, which won the Best
Documentary Oscar, is being remastered and
is scheduled for release on July 28, 2009.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

We're into another weekend and, once again, there is no news and there are no new developments in Paige's case. Still no word from the Utah crime lab, either.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 84 candles and the total often drops off on weekends. Remember, your candles go out after 48 hours, so remember to light candles for Paige and her three children too.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298). You can click on any candle to read the message and who lit it.

On This Day In History...

...in 1956, actor Bela Lugosi died in Hollywood. He was born in Hungary where he practiced his craft on the stage. He came to the United States in 1921 and his heavily accented English landed him the role of Dracula on Broadway in a play of the same name. He reprised the role in the 1931 film Dracula and immediately became typecast. When he died, he had just started to make his last film, Ed Wood's terrible Plan Nine From Outer Space, widely recognized as the worst movie ever made. Wood hired Lugosi to have star draw and Lugosi took the role because he needed the work. He died after shooting one scene, so Wood used the footage anyway and fulfilled Lugosi's character with someone who didn't look at all like Lugosi - like it mattered in that stinker. Lugosi was buried wearing his famous cape.

...in 1948, George Herman "Babe" Ruth died of cancer in New York City. His body lay in state at the main entrance to Yankee Stadium where uncounted thousands of fans stood in line to pay their respects to The Sultan of Swat.

...1920, speaking of baseball, Ray Chapman, shortstop for the Cleveland Indians, was struck on the temple by pitcher Carl Mays of the New York Yankees. Chapman died 12 hours later, the first and only death to occur in baseball as a result of being struck by a pitched ball. Prior to his death, the same ball continued to be used throughout a game. Balls were scuffed and pitchers doctored balls with tobacco juice (and who knows what) making the ball harder to see. After Chapman's death, the spitball was declared illegal and baseballs were replaced more often since white is easier to see. New balls are also tighter and travel further when hit, creating power hitters like Babe Ruth. (for more on Chapman's death, see This Day In Sports from the New York Times.) The New York Times: This Day In Sports (http://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/sports/year_in_sports/08.17.html)

...in 1977, as long on we're on such a happy roll here, Elvis Presley died in Memphis, Tennessee at the age of 42. The King of Rock 'n' Roll died of a "congestive heart failure," likely caused by his addiction to prescription barbiturates. More than 30 years later, he is still mourned, has millions of dedicated fans around the world, and thousands of people still line up to tour Graceland, his mansion in Memphis.

...in 1937, Harvard University became the first school to offer garduate studies in traffic engineering and management. If you've ever driven in Boston, you might question the value of the education Harvard is providing.

...1896, George Carmack discovered gold, quite by accident while fishing for salmon, in the Klondike River in the Yukon. The last great gold rush was on (did you ever see John Wayne in North To Alaska?) although most of the 50,000 '98'ers found nothing. Jack London found gold in the stories he wrote that are still enjoyed around the world.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There have been no new developments over the weekend, as not much of anything happens on weekends. In fact, when a company or a politician has bad news, they usually release it late on Friday afternoon, knowing that most reporters are on their way to the weekend fishing cabin and the regulars won't catch it until Monday, usually too late for anyone to notice. That's the plan, anyway, ask John "The Breck Girl" Edwards how well that plan worked.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are holding at 86 candles. As you know, the total often drops off on weekends, so remember to light candles for Paige and her three children too.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298). You can click on any candle to read the message and who lit it.

On This Day In History...

...in 1890, the inventor of cruise control, Ralph R. Teetor was born in Hagerstown, Indiana. He worked at the family business, Light Inspection Car Company which would evolve into Perfect Circle. Teetor had a knack for inventing in spite of being blinded at the age of six, but he never let that bother him at all.

...in 1933, Lou Gehrig stepped in to play his 1,308th consecutive game, a record that would stand for decades and is still admired. Gehrig is arguably the greatest baseball player to ever live, even batting cleanup behind Babe Ruth, meaning Gehrig was a better hitter and bigger star of the two. He started playing for the Yanks in 1923 but saw no action until 1925 when he stepped in to replace Wally Pipp at first base. Pipp never played again, and to this day, when someone has been permanently replaced, they are said to have been, "Pipped." In 1938, his batting average dropped below .300, he started having chronic medical problems and was diagnosed with ALS, now known as "Lou Gehrig's Disease." He retired and was elected to the Hall of Fame in 1939 and died two years later.

...in 1943, the US 7th Army, under the command of controversial General George Patton, arrived in Messina, Sicily. Field Marshall Bernard Montgomery marched his troops into Messina in a parade, expecting to be hailed as the liberator of Messina, only to be greeted by Patton himself. A meglomaniac, Patton designed his own uniforms, carried pearl-handled revolvers as sidearms and claimed to be descended from a long line of military leaders through reincarnation. Despite these quirks, he was a brilliant military strategist and swept through France and Germany like the Germans weren't there. He advocated continuing through Berlin and moving on to Moscow to depose Stalin and conquer communism - which in hindsight, might not have been such a bad idea. Patton owned a Kissel Gold Bug Speedster and had his class rings embedded in the steering wheel. (The car still exists and is in the hands of a collector, it was once owned by my old boss, Wally Rank, in Milwaukee.) He died in Germany on Dec 21, 1945 from injuries sustained in an automobile accident. If you've never seen George C. Scott's brilliant portrayal of him in the film Patton, do yourself a favor and rent it soon.

...in 1998, President Bill Clinton testified before a Congressional inquiry - the first sitting President to do so, where he allegedly purjured himself. He would later be impeached for obstruction of justice - the same charge that forced Richard M. Nixon into resignation 25 years earlier - but survived the impeachment proceedings and finished his term. He forever changed the definition of sex. Speaking of...

...in 1892, Mae West was born in Brooklyn. She was a child actor in vaudeville and moved on to Broadway, where she started to write her own material. She became a master of media manipulation, for example, West produced her own show in 1926 about a gigolo, called simply Sex. She was promptly arrested for obscenity, spending 10 days in jail. She continued to play cat and mouse with censors and scored a hit in 1928 with Diamond Lil. In Hollywood, her rivalry with W.C. Fields is the stuff of legend - they hated each other - and the chemistry between them made screen magic. Her signature line, "Why don't you come up and see me sometime," was a cleaned up version of the real line where she said her legs were named "Christmas" and "New Year's" and something about visiting her between the holidays. West became a star and, quietly, a successful screen writer, and was one of the highest paid women in the United States.

That's it. That's all we know as of 1:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 59 candles now. Candles go out after 48 hours and and the total always drops off on weekends. Remember to keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children and help keep them in your mind and prayers.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1977, the oldest of Minnie's Boys passed away at the age of 87. Groucho Marx and his brothers, Chico, Harpo, Gummo and Zeppo performed together on the Vaudeville circuit, moving on to Broadway in the 1920's. Their most popular Broadway show, The Coconuts, was filmed in 1929 and started a string of movies like Duck Soup, At The Races, At The Circus and Animal Crackers. Groucho is probably best remembered for his role as the quizmaster in the long running You Bet Your Life, but to me, I'll always remember him as Capt. Geoffrey T. Spaulding, Mr. Hammer, Professor Quincy Adams Wagstaff, Rufus T. Firefly, J. Cheever Loophole (a lawyer, of course) S. Quentin Quale and Dr. Hugo T. Hackenbush. (The character was supposed to be "Quackenbush" but when a studio researcher found out there was a real life Dr. Quackenbush, the name was changed to avoid lawsuits. Groucho introduced Johnny Carson as the new host of The Tonight Show in 1962.

You can see a lot of the Marx insanity at YouTube, like Hello, I Must Be Going (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jCvz8y_DUSY&feature=related) and the number that became his theme song, Hooray For Captain Spaulding! in a scene from Animal Crackers. You can also see
Lydia, the Tattooed Lady (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n4zRe_wvJw8). One of the funniest bits ever put on film is the Mirror Sequence (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YUZ1hjn_9Ds) from Duck Soup. This had to have taken an incredible amount of rehearsing, blocking and choreography to pull it off. Enjoy!

By the way, the country portrayed in Duck Soup was Freedonia. The city of Fredonia, New York wrote to complain, and asked that all references to Freedonia be taken out of the film as "...you are ruining our reputation." Groucho, himself wrote back and told them to change the name of their town. "You're ruining our film!"

Groucho was also a philosopher with such gems as, "Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana," and "Outside of a dog, a book is man's best friend. Inside of a dog, it's too dark to read."

...in 1905, an attorney named Newell S. Wright filed to register the famous crest as the trademark of Cadillac Motor Company. The crest was adapted from the family crest of the car's name sake, Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, the founder of Detroit. complete with the merlettes, a bird related to the duck. You may recall Cindy Crawford in the ill-fated Catera ad campaign, "The Caddy that zigs" when she interacted with an animated duck...er...merlette that came off the logo. The Catera would later be beefed up and was going to be marketed as the Catera CTS until someone at GM figured out that spelled "cateracts" so the name was dropped to become the CTS.

...in 1958, Humbert Humbert finally sees the light of day as Putnam publishes Vladimir Nabokov's controversial novel, Lolita. If you haven't read it, well, we're not going to talk about it here.

...in 1992, Wang Laboratories filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Founded in 1951 by a brilliant man, born in China but educated at Harvard, Dr. An Wang, the company dominated a market for a new device called a word processor that changed the face of American business. Dr. Wang invented ferrite core memory, and sold it to IBM in 1951 for $500,000.00 and an undisclosed amount of IBM stock. He also signed a 20 year non-compete clause. Wang Labs sold calculators and other electronic devices until 1971, when the non-compete agreement terminated, and Wang entered the mini computer market as a major player. When Dr. Wang died, he was on the list (along with Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard) of top ten wealthiest Americans. Dr. Wang held with the largest individual block of stock of Wang Labs, but also the largest individual block of stock of IBM.

...in 1991, old Soviet hard liners, angry with the reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev, arrested him as members of his own government staged a coup. Boris Yeltzen stepped in and called for the citizens to resist the coup and within a few days, the coup collapsed. Gorbachev returned to power and disbanded the communist party. When he stepped down, Yeltzen stepped up. Yeltzin, however, has been replaced by Vladimir Putin, a former KGB official and old-fashioned hard liner. The results of Rootin' Tootin' Putin's plans to reform the old empire recently became evident with the Russian action against Georgia. Stay tuned, folks, this is far from being over. The next American President will have a major impact on whether Russia keeps quiet or tries to rebuild the old empire. Choose carefully this November.

...in 1920, the 19th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified by Tennessee, giving it the two-thirds majority of states it needed to be enacted as part of the Constitution. Known as the "Women's Suffrage" the Amendment guarantees women the right to vote in all states. It took 82 years for the women's suffrage movement to get the Amendment made into law.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are back up to 109 candles now. Remember to keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 2008, a statue of fictional character, Arthur 'Fonzie' Fonzarelli better known as, "The Fonz" was unveiled in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, along the Riverwalk. The actor who played the character, Henry Winkler, was on hand along with several co stars of the old television series, Happy Days. While there is a lot of hoopla surrounding the event, some of us remember that The Fonz is also the source of the derogatory phrase, "Jump the shark," referring to the episode where Fonzie jumped over a shark while water skiing. The show quickly deteriorated and was canceled shortly thereafter. To this day, the point of the beginning of the end of anything, especially a television series, is known as "Jumping the Shark" (http://www.jumptheshark.com/index.jspa).

...in 1909, the very first race was held at the Indianapolis Speedway. The concept was the brainchild of Carl G. Fisher, an entrepreneuer, auto enthusiast, founder of the Lincoln Highway and Dixie Highway, and the developer of Miami Beach. The first Indianapolis 500 race was held on Memorial Day on 1911 and has been held every year since, except for 1917-18 and 1942-45 when the United States was involved in the World Wars. It is the largest attended sporting event in the country. The track was paved with 3.2 million paving bricks, earning the name, "The Brickyard." Now paved over, the bricks are all covered except for a strip, three feet wide, that serves as the start/finish line.

...in 1812, the US Navy frigate, Constitution entered a battle with the British frigate Guerriere off the coast of Nova Scotia. Claims were made by witnesses that said the British cannonballs bounced off the sides as if the ship were made of iron, earning the nickname, Old Ironsides. When she reached the end of her service life and deemed unseaworthy, she was set to be scrapped in 1830, but public outcry forced the navy to restore the ship and use the Constitution as a training vessel and for public displays. Old Ironsides was built in 1798 (with copper fittings and bolts manufactured by Paul Revere) and today the USS Constitution is the oldest commissioned warship in the world.

...in 1934, the first All-American Soap Box Derby was rolled out in Dayton, Ohio. The race was moved to Akron because it has more hills than Dayton and the race is for gravity powered cars. The race is still held every year for contestants aged 9-16, piloting home built cars.

...in 1951, the shortest man to ever play major league baseball came to the plate for Bill Veeck's St. Louis Browns, in one of the most bizarre stunts Veeck ever pulled. Bill Veeck, Jr. grew up in baseball, his father owned the Chicago Cubs. The last thing he did before leaving the Cubs, to buy the Milwaukee Brewers, was to plant the ivy on the outfield wall of Wrigley Field. (The Brewers was a minor league club.) He sold the Brewers at a profit and bought the Cleveland Indians, putting play-by-play on the radio and devising promotions to attract 2.6 million fans in 1948. Veeck signed Larry Doby, the first African-American in the American League, shortly after Jackie Robinson broke into the National League. He was forced to sell the club to finance a divorce, and bought the lackluster Browns. In the bottom of the first inning against the Tigers, Veeck sent Ed Gaedel in to bat. Gaedel was 3'7" and Tigers pitcher, Bob Cain, promptly threw four pitches over his head. With the crowd roaring with laughter, Gaedel trotted to first base, in his first and last at-bat. Veeck was a visionary, a proponent of revenue sharing and he saw how big television would be. He had peg leg as a result of a war injury and often quipped, "The only thing I fear it termites."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so the usual phrase repeats: No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are holding at 102 candles. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1920, Jim Thorpe and a group of enthusiasts met at the Jordan and Humpmobile showroom in Canton, Ohio, to create the American Professional Football Conference, which would evolve into the National Football League. Thorpe was an international hero, having won the gold medal in the decathalon at the 1912 Stockholm Olympics, he played for John McGraw's New York Giants (baseball) team and he was a huge draw for the Canton Bulldogs football team. The league was formed by the Canton Bulldogs, the Akron Pros, Cleveland Indians and Dayton Triangles. (One of the Triangles' sponsors was Delco.) Meanwhile, in Decatur, Illinois, George Hallas was building the Decatur Staleys before he moved them to Chicago to become the Bears and Curley Lambeau was building his Acme Packers in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The teams would join the new league in 1920 and 1921. Green Bay is the last small market team left, and the Bears - Packers rivalry is the oldest, bitterest and most storied in the NFL.

...in 1968, approximately 200,000 Warsaw Pact (girls and boys, can you spell S-O-V-I-E-T U-N-I-O-N?) troops and 5,000 tanks invaded Czechoslavakia to crush the brief rebellion called "Prague Spring" when citizens tried to liberate themselves from communism. In an eerie precursor to last week's Russian invasion of Georgia, Soviet Premier Leonid Breznev warned the Czechs that an invasion was imminent if the revolt did not stop, and invaded anyway. (It is true, folks, those who do not know history are doomed to repeat it.)

...in 1833, Benjamin Harrison was born in North Bend, Ohio, one of seven Presidents that were born in Ohio. Politics was the family business, his great-granfather and namesake was a governor of colonial Virginia and his grandfather, William Henry Harrison, had the distinction of having the shortest term - dying of pneumonia two days after giving a long inaugural speech. Benjamin served as a general in the Civil War, then was elected Senator from Indiana. In 1888, he was elected to President over the incumbent, Grover Cleveland. Harrison signed the Sherman Anti-Trust Act in 1889, setting the stage for breaking up monopolies, he signed the Dependent Pension Act in 1890, providing benefits to disabled veterans and the McKinley Tariff, intended to protect American trade. Cleveland came back to reclaim the Presidency in 1892, making Harrison the filling of what was called the Cleveland Sandwich.

...in 1964, President Lyndon Johnson declared War on Poverty by signing a bill that would spend billions of dollars over the next 4-1/2 decades. Whether the War on Poverty was successful or not depends on who you ask (pretty evenly divided along party lines) but either way, we're still paying for it.

...in 1953, the Soviet Union admitted it had detonated a Hydrogen Bomb.

...in 1911, the New York Times sent a cablegram around the world in 16-1/2 minutes, an incredible speed for the era. Speaking of messages sent...

...in 1977, Voyager II was launched, carrying messages recorded on a record album for anyone in the universe to hear. No reply has been received, probably because no one has a turntable anymore. At least they didn't send an 8-Track cartridge.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so the usual phrase repeats: No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), the totals are plummeting! We are down to 56 candles perhaps Cheffers are busy with back to school or they've all gone to Utah to picket the crime lab?

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1959, President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the proclamation that admitted Hawaii into the union.

...in 1858, the first of a series of monumental debates was held between Senator Stephan Douglas and Abraham Lincoln. The debate was during a campaign for Douglas' Senate seat. Democrat Douglas believed every state should have the right to allow slavery, while Republican Lincoln spoke out against the spread of slavery. Lincoln lost the election but the debates brought him to national attention. In 1860, Lincoln won the Republican nomination for President, Douglas was the candidate for a deeply split Democrat party. The two opponents also faced Southern Democrat John C. Breckenridge and Constitutional Union candidate John Bell. Lincoln won the election, with the vote split four ways, he only had 40% of the vote but it was enough for Lincoln to become the first Republican President. Seven southern states threatened to leave the Union if Lincoln were elected, sort of like Alec Baldwin threatening to leave the United States if George W. Bush were elected. Unlike Baldwin, who never followed through, the seven southern states seceded by the time Lincoln was inaugurated. While the Civil War raged, Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation, ending slavery in the United States.

...in 1903, the first cross country automobile race was completed when Tom Fetch and M.C. Karrup, driving Packard Model F's, arrived in San Francisco, after leaving New York City 51 days earlier. Horatio Nelson Jackson had already made the first cross country trip in the Spring of 1903, by driving a used Winton from San Francisco to New York. 1903 was a big year for the industry, as Buick, Ford, Cadillac and Harley-Davidson all began to manufacture their products.

...in 1863, the sack of Lawrence, Kansas by Quantrill's Raiders, an army of outlaws sympathetic to the Confederate states. The Civil War in Kansas and Missouri was not like the eastern war, with organized armies under the command of elected officials. The frontier was was a guerilla war with partisan bands of citizens attacking each other. In early August, Union General Thomas Ewing arrested the wives and daughters of the men in William Quantrill's Raiders. On August 14, five of the women died when the building, in which they were being held, collapsed. Quantill attacked Lawrence, a center of abolitionism in Kansas. Quantrill's Raiders, including Frank and Jesse James and the Younger Brothers, dragged over 200 men and boys, as young as 7, out of their homes and, in front of their families, massacred them all in cold blood. They set 185 buildings ablaze then headed for Missouri with the Union cavalry in hot pursuit. The incident only served to promote more killing by both sides along the Missouri-Kansas border. (Quantrill was killed by Union forces in Kentucky in May of 1865, but the gang continued on, well after the war, when it evolved into the James-Younger Gang.) Jesse James, living under the name of Howard, was shot in the back in 1882. Frank James turned himself in, and his trial, ironically, began on this same date in 1883. Missourians were unwilling to convict the folk hero, viewed as a Robin Hood type of character, and he was found not guilty. He lived quietly for another 32 years.

...in 2004, an American Swimmer by the name of Michael Phelps, won his eighth medal at the Athens Olympics. He came home with 6 gold and 2 bronze medals.

...in 1911, the theft of the Mona Lisa from the Louvre in Paris was discovered. Vincenzo Perugia had walked into the Louvre, removed the painting from the frame and casually left the museum with it under his clothes. It was felt the theft had to be amateur as professional thieves knew it would be impossible to sell, and sure enough, two years later, Perugia offered to return the painting for a hefty ransom. Of course, police nailed him when he tried to collect. The Mona Lisa was returned, unharmed, and greater security measures were put into place.

...in 1920, Daphne Milne gave birth to a son named Christopher Robin. When he was 1, he received a stuffed bear as a gift, along with several other stuffed animals. His father, A.A. Milne, had published a hit play which allowed the family to move to Cotchford Farm in Sussex, near a forest that would later become famous as the 100 Acre Wood. Using Christopher Robin and his stuffed toys as models and inspiration, Milne wrote Winne-The-Pooh in 1926 and The House On Pooh Corner in 1928. Christopher Robin did not like the books in later life, and he was estranged from his parents. His father, because Christopher viewed his father's work as exploiting children and his mother, over her dislike of his bride. It gets worse, but we don't want to spoil the memory of the grand books.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are back up to 107 candles now. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours and while we're climbing back to regular levels, that doesn't mean you should stop lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1864, the International Red Cross was founded in Geneva, at the Geneva Convention of 1864 for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick of Armies in the Field. (See why it's referred to as "The Geneva Convention"?) The 12 nations meeting there accepted a plan by Swiss humanitarian Jean-Henri Dunant, to provide non-partisan care for sick and wounded in time of war. In honor of his nationality, the chosen symbol was a red cross on a white background, the reverse image of the Swiss flag. All medical personnel and medical supplies are marked with the red cross. (Most countries subscribe to the Geneva Convention, but not every country does.)

...in 1485, the Battle of Bosworth Field brought an end to the War of the Roses, when King Richard III was defeated and killed bu Henry Tudor. Richard had worn his crown into the battle, and after his death, the crown was retrieved from a bush a placed on Henry's head, starting the Tudor dynasty that would stand until Queen Elizabeth died in 1603. The war was between two royal families, one used the Red Rose of Lancaster as a symbol, the other the White Rose of York. While the war did not effect the common population, it didn't do much for the royal families that lost many members. In 1486, King Henry VII married Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV, uniting the houses and bringing the War of the Roses to a formal end.

...in 1989, The Ryan Express recorded his 5,000 strikeout, the first pitcher in Major League history to do so. Lynn Nolan Ryan, Jr. would go on to record an incredible 5,714 career strikeouts. Ryan has what some doctors have called a perfect arm for pitching. Even as a sophomore in high school, his reputation as a fastballer attracted the attention of Red Murff of the Mets. In the 5th inning on Aug 22, 1989, pitching for the Texas Rangers, Ryan faced Rickey Henderson. He struck out on a 96 mph fastball. A video taped message of congratulations played at the end of the 5th inning, from President George H.W. Bush. Future President, George W. Bush was the owner of the Rangers at that time. Henderson said, "It was an honor to be the 5,000." Davey Lopes said, "If he ain't struck you out, you ain't nobody." He was inducted to the Hall of Fame in 1999 with Robin Yount, George Brett and Orlando Cepeda.

...in 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt went for a ride in an automobile, the first chief executive to do so. He not afraid to face the new, bold, courageous and talented. He wrote 40 books, took over the failed French attempt to build the Panama Canal and won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to end the Russo-Japanese War. His cousin, Franklin Roosevelt, would follow in his footsteps as President 25 years later. (FDR was a Democrat, Theodore was a Republican.)

...in 1950, Althea Gibson was accepted into the United States Lawn Tennis Association annual tournament at Forest Hills, New York, the first African-American to compete in the national competition. She was a natural, but was relegated to play in the American Tennis Association, formed in 1916 by black players as an alternative to the all white USLTA. She won the first of 10 straight ATA championships in 1947. She traveled with the Harlem Globetrotters, playing tennis at halftime in games and she even went on the pro golf tour in the 1960's. Gibson cleared the way for African-American tennis players much as Jackie Robinsion paved the way for African-American baseball players.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are back down to 81 candles after being up over 100 yesterday. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours and totals drop off over the weekend, so keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1926, Rodolfo Guglielmi died in New York of an infection, caused by a ruptured ulcer. 100,000 mourners, most of them women, lined the street outside his funeral. Better known by his stage name, Rudolph Valentino, he was was moviedom's first male sex symbol. Each year, on this day, a mysterious woman in black visited the tomb and left a single red rose. While no one really knows for sure, the lady in black was most likely Ditra Flame. Valentino had visited her when she was 14 and deathly ill, and he left her a red rose. She kept up the tradition for 30 years, and stopped when too many imitators ruined the effect. He is still mourned 82 years later.

...in 1922, the first Southsea England Speed Carnival was held, the race was won by a car with the unlikely name of "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang." The name stuck with Ian Fleming, best remembered as the author of the James Bond novels. He also wrote a book about a magical car, that he named "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang," that was made into a movie of the same name, with Dick Van Dyke in the lead...not as the car, though.

...in 1979, the Bolshoi Ballet of the Soviet Union lost their premier dancer when Aleksandr Godunov defected in New York City. His wife returned home to the Soviet Union with the company, but Gounov went on to a career in American before he died in 1993. What kind of a dancer was he? Well, I guess whatever he did, he was Godunov.

...in 1814, Dolley Madison saved the portrait of George Washington, in the White House, from the advancing British Troops during the War of 1812. She abandoned the White House, where the British Army dined on food supplies before burning the Presidential mansion. For this, she received the reward of having snack cakes named after her.

...in 1902, Miss Farmer's School of Cookery opened in Boston. Miss Fannie Farmer was born in 1857 near Boston. She suffered a stroke as a teenager that left her homebound and with a permanent limp. Unable to finish high school as a result, she attended the Boston School of Cooking in her 30's and became a principal. In 1896, the same year Henry Ford built his first car, Fannie Farmer published her first cook book, The Boston Cooking School Cookbook. She left the school to open her own school. She was also an advocate of nutrition for the sick, and worked to convince doctors that good nutritian was part of recovery. She published Food and Cookery for the Sick and Convalescent. She died at the age of 57 in 1915, but the Fannie Farmer Cookbook lives on, and is still in print. (And here you thought "Fannie Farmer" was just a name on a candy box.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 48 candles, and remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 79, Mount Vesuvius erupted, completely engulfing the city of Pompeii. The cloud of ash that settled over the city preserved everything, including the people who died in the disaster. While the site has been looted over the years, it is felt that over villages, inundated by the volcano, remain undiscovered.

...in 1814, British Troops set fire to the White House, during the War of 1812. President James Madison had left the White House on the 22nd to meet with his generals, and Dolley Madison fled later in the day, after making sure the painting of George Washington had made it to safety. They were able to return two days later, but never lived in the White House again. Not until 1817 would a President live in the reconstructed White House, President James Monroe.

...in 1945, the last M-24 tank was produced by Cadillac, the last of the war effort by this most noble division of General Motors. Some people say it was the last tank produced by Cadillac, however, anyone who has ever been close to a 1959 Sedan De Ville might take issue with that statement. Speaking of automobiles...

...in 1967, Henry J. Kaiser passed on in Hawaii. He was 85, and left a legacy as the owner of a construction company, shipyard, Kaiser Aluminum, and airplane company and an autombile company that we founded with Joseph Frazer. His construction company was a part of the consortium that built the Hoover Dam, Bonneville Dam, Grand Coulee Dam and the footings for the San Francisco Bay Bridge. Kaiser-Frazer was formed in 1945 from the remains of Graham-Paige Automobile Company, and they started building cars in the war surplus plant in Willow Run, Michigan, where Ford Motor Company mass produced B-24 bombers. Henry J Kaiser foresaw a time when people would demand a smaller car than the tanks Detroit was building, and the Henry J was a compact car before anyone knew what a compact car was. They also built and sold Jeeps and the Kaiser-Darren, a sleek, sexy sports car that is still good looking. Kaiser-Frazer folded in 1955, but the Kaiser name lives on in several places, including the Kaiser Convention Center in Oakland, California.

http://files.conceptcarz.com/img/Kaiser/54_Kaiser_Darrin_BY_05_MDB_02.jpg
1954 Kaiser Darren

...in 1938, Rhett Butler found a way to the screen when Clark Gable, reluctantly, signed to play the past. He was afraid that any actor in the shade of David O. Selznick would have an impossible task to play Butler to Selznick's approval. Gable was born in Cadiz, Ohio, (where his home has been reproduced by the Clark Gable Foundation (http://www.clarkgablefoundation.com/index.html)) and he worked in an Akron tire factory at the age of 14. He was an oil driller, lumberjack, salesman and Broadway actor before he caught on in Hollywood. Of course, he played Butler with great success and also won an Oscar for It Happened One Night. He had a storybook marriage with Carole Lombard in 1939, the beautiful actress from Fort Wayne, Indiana, until her death in a plane crash in 1942 during a war bond drive. Gable died of a heart attach in 1960.

http://strattonhouse.com/images/clark_gable.jpg
Clark Gable

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 88 candles now. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours. We're going back to regular levels, but that doesn't mean you should stop lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1835, the first of a series of six articles, describing a fantastic array of life on the moon, were published by the The New York Sun. The articles were written by Dr. Andrew Grant, claiming to be a colleague of Sir John Hirschel who had built an observatory in South Africa in 1834. The articles described purple pyramids, two-legged beavers, unicorns and lush vegitation. Of course, there really was a Sir John Hirschel who really did build a South African observatory but there never was a Dr. Andrew Grant and the whole thing was a hoax to sell newspapers. Of course, the second great moon hoax, according to some skeptics anyway, is that the United States never went to the moon and all the moon landings, supporting data and photographs were fake. Um, sure, okay. After all, if man really went to the moon, he would have brought back a unicorn.

...in 1926, Beau Geste was released, this was the silent classic with William Powell. The movie was remade three times, well, four if you count Marty Feldman's The Last Remake of Beau Geste which was a satirical send-up of the story. William Powell made the Thin Man series of movies with Myrna Loy but he was also known as being married to Carole Lombard and for being engaged to the prototypical blonde bombshell, Jean Harlow before she died at the age of 26.

...in 1910, the Yellow Cab Company was formed in Chicago by Walden W. Shaw and John D. Hertz. It was so popular that the concept was franchised throughout the country. He went on to buy a small rental company and rename it the Hertz Drive-Ur-Self Corporation. Both companies went on to some success...

...in 1984, Truman Capote died in the home of Joanna Carson, the fourth wife of Johnny Carson. Capote was a well known character in New York, and often said. "There has never been anyone like me and there will never be anyone like me again." After writing Other Voices, Other Rooms and Breakfast at Tiffany's he became interested in a brutal murder in western Kansas. On November 15, 1959, two men invaded the home of Herbert Clutter, where they murdered Mr. Cutter and his entire family. Capote went to Kansas with his childhood friend, Harper Lee, who would later write To Kill A Mockingbird, where he investigated the murders. Capote wrote the story and claimed it to be the first non-fiction novel. It was his greatest work.

...in 1819, the world's best known detective, a real life detective and not a fictional Sherlock Holmes was born. Allan Pinkerton formed the agency that investigated and solved several train robberies and later became involved in union-busting and strike breaking.

That's it. That's all we know as of 1:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no news stories and there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are currently burning 95 candles. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298). Be sure to light three extras for Paige's children!

On This Day In History...

...in 1939, the first baseball game was broadcast on television, with the play-by-play performed by Red Barber. The broadcast was beamed into the New York World's Fair, as there were very few television receivers at that time.

...in 1985, Malcom Bricklin began to import the Yugo to America. The car was basically a 1965 Fiat that was assembled in Soviet Bloc Yugoslavia. Time Magazine said, It had the feeling of something assembled at gunpoint. Voted as one of the worst 50 cars ever made, it was unreliable and parts would just fall off.

http://i539.photobucket.com/albums/ff356/Goran_yugo/ALIM0121.jpg

It became the brunt of numerous jokes, such as the standard equipment, rear-window defroster served to keep your hands warm when you pushed it. What do you call a Yugo with dual exhaust? A wheelbarrow. A guy goes into a parts store and says, "I'd like a gas cap for a Yugo." The counterman thinks for a moment and replies, "Sounds like a fair trade for me." Speaking of...

...in 1957, the first Edsels were produced by Ford Motor Company. The car was named for Henry Ford's only child, Edsel Bryant Ford, who deserved a better memorial. The Edsel had the stars stacked against it, being introduced as the country was going into a recession, it was built on the same assembly line as the Ford and autoworkers hated it, and consumers who craved such a car in 1955 had changed their minds by 1958. Only 110,847 were made, making the car a collector item, especially the 1960 model of which very few were made. (I might add, the 1960 was the best looking of all of the Edsels, IMHO, but few were made.)

http://i169.photobucket.com/albums/u226/RichmondM/edsel.jpg
1959 Edsel

http://i172.photobucket.com/albums/w39/quebecautoantique/EdselcorsairPrototype1960.jpg
1960 Edsel Prototype



...in 1957, the Soviet Union claimed to have successfully testes a ICBM, an Intercontinental Ballistic Missile, capable of delivering a nuclear payload to anywhere in the United States. The announcement startled the United States, and coupled with the successful launch of Sputnik, the concept of a "missile gap" became foremost in America's mind. Senator John F. Kennedy made it a major plank in his platform to be elected President. As President, JFK accelerated the US space and missile program, announcing a plan to successfully land a man on the moon and safely return him to earth, and to do so by 1970.

...in 1968, the Democrat National Convention opened in Chicago. There was a bitter battle inside over the Viet Nam platform, but outside, a major police/protester riot erupted. The violence found its way into the convention hall with delegates and television news crews being roughed up by guards. Even CBS correspondent Mike Wallace got punched in the face. The convention riots were commemorated by the band, Chicago, on their first album, Chicago Transit Authority, the album using the name of the group at that time. (The real Chicago Transit Authority sued and forced the band to change its name.) The crowd chanted, "The whole world's watching" outside the convention hall, and the chant is part of the song on the album. Forty years later, the whole world is still watching.

...in 1920, the 19th Amendment was officially signed into law, after Tennessee was the 36th state to ratify the Amendment on August 18. The official documentation from Tennessee was sent to Washington, where it arrived on August 26th and was signed by Secretary of State Bainbridge Colby, He signed it, without ceremony, at his home with no press of photographers to record the historical event. The 19th Amendment states, "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex," and the ratification was the culmination of over 79 years of effort by the women's suffrage movement.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are holding at 84 candles now. Levels usually drop off on weekends, so please remember to keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1883, Krakatoa Island exploded in the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history. The uninhabited island is near Java and Sumatra in Indonesia. The eruption was heard 3,000 miles away, spawned 120 foot tsunamis and ultimately killed 36,000 people. It threw five cubic miles of debris into the air - picture an area five miles west your home, five miles south of your home and five miles tall, filled with dirt and rocks. Krakatoa blew 2/3 of the island into the Indian Ocean, threw that much earth into the air, causing cloud of ash and dust 50 miles high and streams of pyroclastic flows - combinations of molton gas, rock and ash. Fine dust drifted around the earth, blocking sunlight and lowering earth's temperature by several degrees. Kraktoa is still active today, one of 130 active volcanoes in Indonesia.

...in 1859, the first oil well drilled specifically for oil, stuck oil at 69 feet in Titusville, Pennsylvania. Edwin Drake saw a source of petrolium, which would soon replace whale oil for lamps and wells began to be dug around the world. A side product of the distilling process, gasoline, was of little value until tinkerers began to use it to power an internal combustion engine and allowing the development of the automobile. Oil today is an incredibly important part of the world economy and is a component in everything we use, from asphalt paving to plastics to ointments to asphalt paving.

...in 1938, a new world's land speed record of 345.49 MPH by Capt. George Eyston, driving a Rolls-Royce powered automobile. The record, along with almost all the other world land speed records, was set at the Bonneville Salt Flats on the far western edge of the Great Salt Desert. The area is perfect for this task - it is ten miles of perfectly flat surface, there is nothing there but salt. The speed track is so long that when a vehicle is at the starting line, it is out of sight at the finish line because of the curvature of the earth. The actual speed trap is two miles long, allowing four miles to accelerate, two miles of timed track and four miles to decelerate and stop. The current speed record, held by Andy Green, is 763.035 MPH.

...in 1953, the delightful classic film, Roman Holiday was released, introducing Audrey Hepburn to the American film audience. She won the academy award for Best Actress for the part, establishing her as a major Hollywood star.

http://www.audreyhepburn.com/assets/life/film/popup/1954_sabrina.jpghttp://www.audreyhepburn.com/assets/life/film/popup/1961_tiffanys.jpg
Audrey Hepburn publicity stills for Sabrina and Breakfast at Tiffany's

Hepburn went on to make several memorable performances in movies such as Sabrina, Funny Face, The Nun's Story and as the quirky Holly Golightly in Truman Capote's Breakfast at Tiffany's. She is also fondly remembered for her performance as the guttersnipe-turned-lady Eliza Doolittle in My Fair Lady, when everyone expected Julie Andrews to repise the roll from Broadway. (Andrews was filming Mary Poppins at that time.) Hepburn was incensed that Marni Nixon's voice was used to overdub her own singing and walked off the set, only to return the next day and apologize for her behavior. (Marni Nixon has sung more musical numbers in Hollywood movies than anyone, but no one knows her, because she dubs for actresses who cannot sing very well.) For her part in Sabrina, cast with Humphrey Bogart, she was sent to Hubert de Givenchy for wardrobe. De Givenchy was told that "Miss Hepburn" was coming to see him, and he expected Katherine, to whom Audrey was not related. Surpised, de Givenchy was not disappointed and the two formed a lifelong friendship. She also had memorable rolls in Charade (some call it the "best Hitchcock movie that Hitch didn't make") and as a blind woman, being terrorized by Richard Crenna, in the edgy thriller, Wait Until Dark. She was also known for her humanitarian efforts around the world.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are holding at 86 candles now. Levels usually drop off on weekends, so please remember to keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1963, after an estimated quarter of a million people marched on Washington to demand equal rights for all, Dr. Martin Luther King gave his famous "I Have a Dream" speech from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. He ended the 16 minute oratory with these powerful lines: "When we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, 'Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!'" Within a year of the march, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed, along with the ratification of the 24th Amendment to the Constitution, abolishing artificial barriers and allowing all Americans to freely vote. Dr. King received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 but on April 4, 1968, he was assasinated in Memphis, Tennessee, at the age of 39.

...in 1941, the German army had moved into Ukraine and the Gestapo murdered more than 23,000 Hungarian Jews. At first, the Ukrainians had viewed the German army as liberators from their Soviet rulers, but quickly found that the Nazis were worse than the Soviets. SS General Franz Jaeckeln marched 23,000 Jews into bomb craters at Kamenets Podolsk, ordered them to undress, then riddled them with machine-gun fire. Those who did not die from the gunshots suffocated from the weight of corpses on top of them. By the end of the war, more than 600,000 Jews were murdered in Ukraine.

...in 1987, John Huston died from pneumonia at the age of 81. He was the son of Vaudeville performer, Walter Huston and started his career in Vaudeville, himself. He spent a stint in the cavalry, wrote short stories and plays, and made his directorial debut with The Maltese Falcon, starring Humphrey Bogart. After the war, Huston directed Bogart in the interesting character study, Treasure of the Sierra Madre that won Huston the Best Director Oscar, and best supporting actor for Walter Huston. He directed Bogart again in Bogart's Oscar-winning performance in The African Queen and directed Prizzi's Honor that won an Oscar for Anjelica Huston.

...in 1996, Charles and Diana divorced after four years of separation. Diana was allowed to keep her apartment at Kensington Palace and title of "Princes of Wales" but gave up being "Her Royal Highness" and any claim to the British throne. It was a disappointment to those who had watched her storybook marriage in 1981, but she remained popular and was known as "The People's Queen." She died tragically in an Paris automobile accident that is swirled with controversy and conspiracy theorists are still having a field day with the accident. Charles married his longtime mistress, Camilla Parker Bowles in 2005.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 57 candles now, going into the weekend. Levels usually drop off on weekends, so please remember to keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children. And of course, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...1876, Charles Kettering was born in an Ohio farmhouse. He graduated from OSU in 1904 and went to work for National Cash Register where he oversaw development of the electric cash register. He founded Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company (Delco) in Dayton, where he invented the self starter and self-contained electrical system for automobiles. He later sold Delco to GM, and headed the GM research team for 31 years until he retired in 1948. There he developed the lightweight diesel engine that made diesel locomotives possible, four wheel brakes, lacquer, safety glass and Freon, which made air conditioning possible. He held 140 patents and with GM President, Alfred Sloan, founded the Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research.

...in 1885, the world's first motorcycle was patented. The inventor was, no it wasn't, it was Gottlieb Daimler, as in Daimler-Benz. Ironically, the Harley-Davidson 105th Anniversary party is going on in Milwaukee this very day.

...in 1898, The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company was incorporated in Akron, Ohio, by Frank Seiberling. Charles Goodyear invented the process called vulcanization that made tires possible. Goodyear died penniless in 1860, and Seiberling named the company in his honor. Akron became known as the tire capital of the world with tires being made by industrialists like Benjamin Franklin Goodrich, Harvey Firestone and Frank Seiberling, tires were also made by General Tire. Changes in the international tire market caught Akron with no way to react and tire manufacturing ground to a standstill. Today, Goodyear makes a few racing tires in Akron but otherwise, there are no tires made in Akron. The city now bills itself as The City of Invention.

...in 2005, Hurricane Katrina clobbered New Orleans, causing more than $80 billion in damage, 1,800 deaths, 1,000,000 people were displaced and 400,000 lost their jobs. Three years later, the rebuilding continues with a long way to go. The disaster exposed incompetent management and corruption at many levels of government, all which seems to be ignored. Critics wonder about the effort to rebuild a city that is 9 feet below sea level and is vulnerable to natural disaster, but the rebuilding efforts continue.

...in 1911, Ishi was taken into custody for his own protection in Oroville, California. Ishi spoke no English and seemed dazed and confused by what was going on around him. Thomas Waterman, an anthropologist from Berkeley went to Oroville and began using some phrases from vanished Indian dialects, until he found words that Ishi understood, opening a crude dialog. It turns out that Ishi, about 50 years old, was the last of a the Yahi, a tribe of stone-age Native Americans that had never been assimilated. Ishi reported that his people had wandered the mountains of Northern California, the tribe shrinking each year. His last male companion was shot and killed by a white man, and Ishi went into Oroville to forage for food. He lived in the museum in Berkeley and amused himself by wandering around the Bay area and riding the cable cars. He died of tuberculosis in 1916 and was cremated, according to the Yahi custom.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 52 candles now. Levels usually drop off on weekends, so this is a little scary. It seems like just a few days ago that we had over 400 candles lit, so please, remember to keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children. It goes without saying that candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1967, Thurgood Marshall was confirmed as a Supreme Court Justice, the first African American to sit on the high court. He served for 24 years until his health forced his retirement, and was replaced by Clarence Thomas. He graduated from Lincoln University in 1930 and applied to the University of Maryland School of Law, only to be turned down because of racial discrimination. He graduated from Howard University Law School, magna cum laude and sued the University of Maryland, successfully, for their unfair admissions policy. He died of heart failure at the age of 84, in 1993.

...in 1963, in the wake of the Cuban Missile crisis, a hotline between Washington and Moscow went on line. One of the biggest problems during the missile crisis, which put the two super powers on the brink of nuclear war, was the lack of speed in communications between the two countries. Teletype machines were installed in the Kremlin and the Pentagon. The machines were connected by a 10,000 mile long cable, equipped with scramblers at periodic locations to prevent interception. The first message from the United States was, "THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPED OVER THE LAZY DOG'S BACK 1234567890." The message, of course, insured that every key in the machine was tested and operational. A similar message, albeit in Russian, followed in response. While the hotline has never actually been used to prevent a war, the mostly symbolic device has been an interesting prop in such movies as Fail Safe and Dr. Strangelove. The hotline continues to be in service, despite the Cold War being over. (With the renewed expansionist activities in Russia, perhaps it is wise to keep it in operation.)

...in 1983, Lieutenant Colonel Guion S. Bluford, USAF, became the first African American in space aboard the shuttle Challenger. The mission launched an Indian communications satellite, tested the robotic arm, made contact with a rogue satellite and is considered the most flawless shuttle mission. (Ironically, Challenger would explode on launch just three years later.) Dr. Bluford later retired from his distinguished career at NASA to became the VP and general manager of an engineering firm in Ohio.

...in 1980, Willie Nelson hit the charts with a new release that was destined to become a classic. Called On The Road Again, it expresses the American spirit "...goin' places that I've never been, seein' things that I may never see again, and I can't wait to get on the road again." Nelson has been active in the industry since 1956 and has written hundreds of songs, including Patsy Cline's signature song, Crazy. He also is deeply involved in the brewing of bio-fuels ("Bio-Willie" is sold at truck stops) and numerous social causes.

...in -30, Cleopatra, queen of Egypt and famous lover of Julius Caeser and Mark Antony, took her own life after her forces were defeated by Octavian (later Caeser Augustus.) Cleopatra (born in 69 B.C.) and her brother were co-rulers of Egypt, under the oddly formal title of husband and wife. Cleopatra became pregnant, and named her son Edward G. Robinson. Actually, I just wanted to see if you were paying attention, as his name was Caeserian, which means "Little Caeser." Through numerous civil wars, assassinations and intrigue that would pale any soap opera or Shakespearean tragedy (Anthony killed himself when he incorrectly thought Cleopatra was dead.) Cleopatra finally took her own life at the age of 39 rather than be subject to Octavian. She packed an awful lot of life into her 39 years and makes for interesting reading.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, no news and no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are back up to, or should I say down to, 85 candles now. As always, remember that candles go out after 48 hours but that doesn't mean you should stop lighting candles for Paige and her three children, maybe more now than ever.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1997, Princess Diana passed away as a result of massive chest trauma suffered in an automobile accident in Paris. Lady Diana Spencer was born on July 1, 1961 in a home her parents rented from Queen Elizabeth. She began a storybook romance with Prince Charles in 1980, had a fairy tale wedding with him in 1981 and became an instant media darling. She had two children, Prince Harry and Prince William, but she did not live happily ever after as her marriage dissolved in 1996. She began a romance with Dodi Al Fayed, the son of the owner of Harrod's and the paparazzi were always in pursuit, one earning $3 million for a photo of Diana and Dodi kissing on his yacht. The paparazzi may, or may not, have had something to do with the cause of the automobile accident that took her life this day in 1997.

...in 1897, Thomas Edison patented his Kinetiscope, the first motion picture camera, using celluloid film that had been invented by George Eastman in 1889. His first film was shot in 1893, showing three of his workers acting as blacksmiths. Edison got out of the movie business in 1917.

...in 1899. a Stanley Steamer, driven by F.O. Stanley, reached the top of Mount Washington in New Hampshire, the first automobile to do so. In 1906, a Stanley would set the world record for the fastest mile at 127 mph. The steamers were doomed, though, for a powerful and fast as they were, they were impractical in that it took several minutes to raise up a head of steam enough to propel the car. They soon lost favor to gasoline powered vehicles and the Stanley Brothers sold the business in 1917. By 1924, "The Flying Teapot" ceased production.

...in 1888, a serial killer in London, who became known as "Jack the Ripper" took his first victim, Mary Ann Nichols, a prostitute in London's east end. As famous as he became for murdering and mutilating prostitutes, he murdered only five victims, far fewer than he is remembered for. The London police lacked modern forensic devices that we take for granted today, and in 1892 the case of Jack the Ripper was closed, unsolved to this day.

...in 1957, the final episode of Kukla, Fran and Ollie aired on NBC. The popular children's show featured Fran Allison with the puppets, Kukla and Ollie (a dragon) and had begun as a local Chicago television show that went to national distribution. The puppets were the work of Burr Tilstrom, the only puppeteer on the show, who attracted an adult audience for what was considered a kid's show. The Kuklapolitans are alive and well these days, and can be found on the Unofficial Kuklapolitan Website (http://kukla.tv/).

That's it. That's all we know as of 1:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 80 candles now. As always, a reminder that candles go out after 48 hours. Remember to keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children. (Today is a holiday, remember to light a candle before you head off for your barbque!)

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1972, Bobby Fisher became the first American to win the International Chess Tournament.

...in 1989, Congress passed legislation requiring that all new cars be equipped with air bags. Naturally, after being proven to save lives, the air bags came under fire when small children were inured by air bags. Air bags use a small explosive device to deploy and can accelerate at a speed of 200 mph, so now, children are required to sit in the back seat, away from the air bags. (My air bag was deinstalled when my mother in law went away after a divorce...)

...in 1894, the town of Hinckley, Minnesota was completely destroyed by a forest fire, killing 440 people in the area. The area had been thoroughly logged using a technique called "slashing" that left behind enormous amounts of wood debris. Lumber yards were set very close to rail lines, where sparks from passing locomotives could easily ignite dry tinder. Drought conditions in 1894 set the stage, and on Sept 1, fires broke out near the rail lines and spread north. 350 people climbed aboard a train that had to pass through the fire but made it safely to West Superior, Wisconsin. Many residents made for the swamps, many perished by drowning. Others dived into a gravel pit that had filled with water and survived. 300,000 acres of woodlands burned with the town. 228 people died in Hinckley, at least 212 died in the surrounding area, including 23 Ojibwa. (Watch this space for October 8, when you will read about the worst fire disaster in recorded history, and it didn't happen in Chicago.)

...in 1959, Elizabeth Taylor signed with 20th Century Fox to make the blockbuster, Cleopatra. (You learned about her a few days ago.) Taylor signed for the unheard of sum of $1 million to play the role. She made her first film in 1942, There's One Born Every Minute at the age of 10, made history with Mickey Rooney in National Velvet and went the jump from child actress to adult siren in films like Father of the Bride and A Place In The Sun. Taylor was born - pay attention to this - in England of American parents. She is a subject of England, and was granted the title of Dame, along with Julie Andrews, by Queen Elizabeth II on New Year's Eve, 1999.

...in 1985, the wreck of the Titanic was found in it's resting place, about 400 miles east of Newfoundland. This all happened about a decade after Clive Cussler's Raise The Titanic! made the best seller lists. The ship was found by a joint venture of the French and United States.

...in 1864, Confederate General John Bell Hood evacuated Atlanta, as General William Tecumseh Sherman and the Union Army was about to cap a four month march to capture the Rebel's most vital supply center. Hood's army set fire to the Confederate munitions dumps to prevent the Union army from utilizing it. Sherman continued to hold the city against Hood's attacks until November, when Sherman began his infamous march to the sea. Sherman's orders were to burn anything that would be of value to the Confederate army, munitions makers, clothing mills and railway yards. The fire raged out of control and soon Atlanta was consumed by the fire. On the march to the sea, anything that would be of value to the Confederates was also destroyed. The war came to an end just a few months later.

That's it. That's all we know as of 1:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday and no news.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 74 candles. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours and please keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1969, the first ATM went online in the United States at Chemical Bank in Rockville Center, New York. It was only capable of doling out cash, it took until 1971 for the next generation of ATM to be able to be an automated teller. At the time, bankers were less than enthusiastic about the machines, since the operation cost per year was about $8,000 more than a human teller. Of course, that is no longer true as the cost of machines has plummeted (as all high tech devices do) and today, they are everywhere including convenience stores, casinos and cruise ships. It is estimated that about 1.25 million ATMs are online with another going online every five minutes. Once bankers discovered they could charge fees for ATM use, they became even more popular with banks. Enterprising crooks found ways to beat the machines, from the crude muggings as people walked away from ATM's to high-tech thievery with phoney machines or a little card reader attached to a legitimate ATM that steals card numbers. It is estimated that more than 170 million Americans over 18 have an ATM card and use it eight times a month.

...in 1666, in the wee hours, a fire broke out in the shop of King Charles II's on Pudding Lane in London, England. The fire soon spread to the warehouses on Thames Street and soon London was a raging inferno. Officials tore down buildings attempting to create fire breaks but to no avail. Light from the fire could be seen 30 miles away. By September 5, the fire began to slow and on September 6, it was under control. Flames burst forth again on September 7 in the legal district but when the flames reached stores of gunpowder, the resulting explosions extinguished the flames. When it was over, 13,000 houses, hundreds of public building and at least 90 churches, including St. Paul's Cathedral, were destroyed. 100,000 people were left homeless but miraculously, only 16 people died. In 1986, members of the Worshipful Company of Bakers gathered on Pudding Lane and unveiled a plaque that acknowledged that Thomas Farrinor caused the great fire of 1666. The bakers apologized for the fire being started by one of their own. Speaking of fires...

...in 1923, fires raged out of control in Tokyo in the aftermath of a massive earthquake. Over 143,000 people died in the disaster that is known both as the Great Kwanto Earthquake and the Great Tokyo Fire. The fire, caused by the earthquake, caused more deaths than the earthquake, similar to the circumstances that destroyed San Francisco, California in 1906. There were so many aftershocks and so many fires that conditions were perfect to create a firestorm, defined by fire tornadoes, caused by the tremendous amounts of oxygen sucked into the fires, creating windstorms of fire. As in San Francisco, fighting the fires was an exercise in futility as water mains had been broken in the earthquake. Thousands were saved when a cruise ship took them out to sea. The Imperial University Library lost some of the world's rarest and oldest books. Frank Lloyd Wright had designed The Imperial Hotel to survive earthquakes - it survived even though it sank two feet below grade. About 60% of Tokyo was destroyed, about 80% of Yokohama was destroyed, and some Japanese balmed Korean scapegoats for the fires and murdered hundreds of innocent Koreans following the disaster.

...in 1959, after Robert McNamara killed the Edsel, he promoted development of a compact car called the Falcon. It was introduced on this date in the first nationwide closed-circuit televised new conference. The Falcon took the market by storm and was the basis of a pickup truck (Ranchero) convertibles, station wagons and sedans. A television campaign featuring Charles Schulz's Peanuts characters proclaimed the Falcon as America's Economy Champ. A few years later, the Falcon platform was the basis of the Mustang, another car that caught the market unaware and spawned a new category, the Pony Car. McNamara would leave Ford to become President Kennedy's Secretary of Defense, causing many to wonder who got the better end of the deal - probably Ford.

...in 1944, Lt. j.g. George Herbert Walker Bush was flying a TBM Avenger Torpedo Bomber in support of Marines who were invading Iwo Jima. A son of a Senator, used to wealth and privilege, Lt. Bush did not shirk his responsibilities and enlisted in the Navy at the age of 18. He was the youngest pilot in the Navy. Lt. Bush had the task of censoring mail from the enlisted men under his command, to which he said, "I learned about the diversity of our great country."

http://www.military.com/pics/MLbush.jpg
Lt. j.g. George Herbert Walker Bush in his TBM Avenger.
(From the George H.W. Bush Presidential Library.)

His mission on September 2 was to neutralize a Japanese radio station on nearby Chi Chi Jima. His plane was hit by enemy fire and he ordered his two crewmen to bail out - Radioman 2nd Class John Delany died when his chute did not open. Substitute gunner Lt. j.g. William White also perished. Lt. Bush continued his run and scored several hits on his target before crashing into the Pacific Ocean. "We were trained to complete our runs no matter what the obstacle," he later said. Lt. Bush was picked up by a submarine and was assigned another aircraft. He flew 58 missions in the Pacific Theater and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. Many years later, President George H.W. Bush would say his combat experience "...broadened my horizons..." and made a real impact on his Presidency. President Bush was later asked about the Chi Chi Jima incident by James Bradley (the son of John Bradley, one of the six who raised the flag on Mount Surabachi on Iwo Jima) while he was researching his second book, Flyboys. Mr. Bradley asked President Bush if he ever thought about his two crewmen, John Delany and William White. "Every day," was his simple reply.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

(By the way, if you haven't read them, I highly recommend James Bradley's books, Flags of Our Fathers and Flyboys. If you've seen Clint Eastwood's movie version of Flags of Our Fathers but not read the book, you really need to read the book and see what was left out of the movie - and why it had to be left out. I can tell you that I understand far more about my own father now, after reading his books. They are an incredibly important historical lesson for all Americans.)

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments. There has been absolutely no word from the lab that has held human remains for analysis for over a month now.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are holding at 85 candles now. Levels usually drop off on weekends, so please remember to keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1783, the American Revolution officially came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. Representatives from France, Great Britain, Spain, and the new country of The United States of America met to sign the treaty, in which Great Britain formally recognized the independent nation status of the former colonies. The boundaries of the new country were agreed upon in the treaty, Florida on the south, north to the Great Lakes, and the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River. During negotiations, Benjamin Franklin demanded that Great Britain cede Canada to the United States, a proposal that (obviously) never came to pass but the bold demand did result in favorable fishing rights. After the details were ironed out, the treaty was signed by all nations and ratified by the Continental Congress on January 14, 1784.

...in 1777, the Stars and Stripes flew over a battle between General William Maxwell's troops against a force of Hessian mercenaries and British regulars. The rebels were chased back to General Washington's main force at Brandywine Creek in Pennsylvania. The Continental Congress had defined a new flag of 13 red and white stripes with thirteen stars on a blue field, representing a new constellation. Legend says Betsy Ross designed and sewed the new flag but there is little evidence to support or disprove the story. On June 14, 1877, the first Flag Day was observed in Ozaukee County, Wisconsin to observe the 100th anniversary of the flag, but it was not until 1949 that Congress got around to making June 14 the official day of observation.

...in 1935, British speed demon, Sir Malcom Campbell, broke his own land speed record at Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah, in his 2,500 hp Bluebird. He had set the record of 133.788 mph earlier in 1935 but on September 3, he became the first person to exceed 300 mph, setting the mark at 301.129 mph. He retired from land speed record racing but went into water speed racing, and set a mark that he held to his death at the age of 63 in 1948. The land speed record today, set at Bonneville, is 763.035 mph set by Andy Green, another British subject. (The land speed record is for self propelled, four wheel vehicles on earth, not steel rails nor frozen lakes.)

...in 1900, inventor Charles Wisner drove his home-built automobile in the Flint, Michigan Labor Day Parade. It was the first of millions of automobiles that would be built in Flint, second only to Detroit in auto production those early, heady days of the automobile industry. David Buick began building cars there in 1903, the Fisher Brothers built automobile bodies and in 1908, William Crapo Durant's General Motors consolidated the Flint automotive industries. (At one time, the Buick plant in Flint was the second largest industrial complex in the world, second only to Henry Ford's River Rouge Plant in Dearborn, Michigan.) Today, with GM plant closings, Flint has fallen on hard times.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so the usual phrase repeats: No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), sadly, we are down to 69 candles. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1891, the designer of the German Autobahn was born in Pforzhwim, Germany. Fritz Todt's design became the model for the modern superhighway. Shortly after President Franklin Roosevelt learned of the Autobahn, he went to Thomas "The Chief" MacDonald, the director of the Federal Bureau of Roads, and asked him to sketch out a similar superhighway plan for America. After some consideration, MacDonald laid out a grid of superhighways that wasn't really much different than the final Interstate Highway System. The first section of the superhighway system was the Pennsylvania Turnpike, opened in 1938. The highway plan went on hold because of WWII, when General Eisenhower was impressed with the Autobahn and how the Wermacht was able to use it to move men and matériel very quickly. President Eisenhower convinced Senator Al Gore of Tennessee to propose the Interstate Highway System in 1955, and the modern American highway system was born. As respected as the American system is around the world, it all was the idea of Fritz Todt, born this day in 1891.

...in 1997, the last Thunderbird rolled off the assembly line in Lorain, Ohio. One Ford dealer held a funeral for the car, complete with flowers and an RIP plaque. The popular marque had thirteen generations of design from the popular 2-seat "personal luxury car" to the bulbous box that shared bodywork with the Lincoln Mark, to the Bird in the Box of the early 1980's and ending full-circle in another 2 seat personal luxury car.

...in 1780, Lt. Colonel Francis Marion's guerrilla militia won a decisive victory over British loyalists and won new recruits and a new name. The diminutive Marion (he was only 5' tall) was known as "The Swamp Fox" for his cunning abliltiy to appear out of nowhere, attack, and disappear into the South Carolina swamps. His tactics were the model for 18th Century guerrilla fighting. He was the inspiration for Mel Gibson's character in The Patriot but his fame was spread in the 1960's in a mini-series that ran on Walt Disney's tekevision show, starring Leslie Nielson as the patriotic hero.

...in 1971, the last network episode of The Lawrence Welk Show aired on NBC. It continued as a syndicated show until 1982, but lives on and on and on and on thanks to PBS. Welk was born in 1903 in Strasburg, North Dakota, growing up speaking German. He was always embarrassed by his heavily accented English, his second language although he was an American. He learned to play the accordion and was soon playing weddings and on radio performances. He wrote his theme song, Bubbles In The Wine in 1939, which became a hit along with 20 other songs her wrote. The Lawrence Welk Show started as a Los Angeles local show in 1955 that was quickly picked up by ABC. Ridiculed by critics for its sappy corniness, it became a hit, as did his instrumental called Calcutta that hit the top of the charts in 1961. He died at the age on 89 in 1992, but his legacy lives on in live shows at the Lawrence Welk Theater in Branson, MO and on PBS.

...in 1940, near Iceland, the USS Greer became the first American ship to be fired upon. America was still a neutral bystander, and the torpedo attack by the German submarine, U-562 only served to add to the tension already stretching between the two nations. It is believed that the attack was a mistake. A British bomber, on a submarine hunting mission, spotted the U-562 and reported its position to the Greer that began to track the U-boat. A British aircraft dropped a depth charge and the captain of the U-boat may have believed it came from the Greer. Several torpedoes were fired at the Greer but missed and the ship made it safely to Iceland. In response, President Roosevelt served notice to the rest of the world that further attacks on American ships would bear the consequences. "If German or Italian vessels of war enter these waters, they do so at their own peril."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

No real news yesterday or new developments so nothing to report.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige). we are back up to 110 candles! As always, remember that candles burn out in 48 hours and must be relit.

On This Day In History...

...in 1972, the world watched in horror as reports came from the Summer Olympics in Munich, after Palestinian terrorist stormed the Olympic Village apartment of Israeli athletes, killing two and kidnapping nine others. In a final shootout, the nine athletes were shot and killed, along with the terrorists. The terrorist claimed to be from a group called Black September Assassins. The citizens of Germany had hoped the Munich Olympics would be a celebration of peace to make up for the 1936 Olympics that Adolph Hitler used as an opportunity to propagandize his Aryan race. International Olympic Committee Chairman Avery Brundage ordered that the games continue to prove that the terrorist had not won. There were moments of truly spectacular athletic achievement at the games, including Mark Spitz's seven gold medals and Olga Korbut's victories. In the wake of the tragic events, Israeli Prime Minister, Golda Meir sent Mossad agents to track down and kill the remaining Black September assassins. Steven Spielberg made a movie in 2005, Munich, about the events. The story is a sobering reminder that terrorism is alive and well, and has been a specter over all of us.

...in 1774, the first Continental Congress convened in Carpenter's Hall in Philadelphia, in response to the British Parliament enacting the Coercive Acts. Fifty six delegates from all the colonies, except Georgia, drafted the declaration of rights and grievances. In 1773, Parliament had passed the Tea Act, that granted a monopoly on tea in the colonies. In Boston, Patriots, dressed as Indians, dumped British tea into Boston Harbor in the Boston Tea Party. The value of the tea, about £18,000 resulted in the Coercive Acts, better known in the colonies as The Intolerable Acts. The acts closed the Boston Harbor to trade, set military rule in Massachusetts, gave British officials immunity from prosecution and required colonists to quarter British troops.

...in 1930, Charles Creighton and James Hargis completed a round-trip automobile journey across the United States when they arrived in New York City from Los Angeles. By 1930, cross county automobile trips were more than common, in fact, the event would not have been newsworthy except that these two guys drove the entire 7,180 mile trip in reverse! They drove a 1929 Model A Ford, and their secret was that the Model A rear axle can be put together backwards, giving a car three speeds in reverse and one forward. (Don't ask me how I know this, I just do, okay?)

...in 1975, Lynette "Squaky" Fromme, a disciple of Charles Manson, was arrested in Sacramento when she brandished a .45 automatic near President Gerald Ford. Just 17 days later, President Ford again escaped an assassination attempt when Sara Jane Moore fired a revolver at him. Moore was a leftist radical that had been an informant for the FBI. She was arrested, tried and sentenced to life in prison. Squeaky Fromme was also sentenced to life and incarcerated at a federal compound in Alderson, West Virgina. When she heard that Manson had cancer, she escaped and was at large for five days, when she was recaptured two miles from the prison. Today, she is incarcerated at a federal facility in Carswell, Texas.

...in 1955, Boris Pasternak's classic novel, Dr. Zhivago was published in the United States. Boris Pasternak was born in Russia in 1890 and lived through the tumultuous days that led up to and followed the Russian revolution. He was alread a well-known poet before the glorious revolution, but afterwards, he was limited to eking out a living as a translator. Stalinist, and later Communist, policies put strict censorship rules on artists and Pasternak was no exception. When he finished Dr. Zhivago, it was banned from publication but fans of Pasternak smuggled the manuscript out of the Soviet Union piece by piece. It began to appear in several languages but when it hit the United States, it was labeled and instant classic and Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1958. Nikita Khrushchev was especially enraged with Pasternak and refused to let him out of the country to accept the award. Krushchev also banned him from the Writers Union, ending his career. Pasternak died in May 1960, but Dr. Zhivago lived on in the the form an Omar Sherif movie in 1965, and under Mikhail Gorbev's Glasnost, Pasternak was restored to the writers union and Dr. Zhivago was finally published in Russia.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so the usual phrase repeats: No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are back up to 128 candles! Remember, totals often drop on weekends, so remember to come back and relight your candles that went out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1915, an armored vehicle nicknamed "Little Willie" was built in England. It was a prototype of a "land boat," but the design had a ways to go. It got stuck in ditches and crawled over the terrain at a whopping two miles per hour, but once the kinks were worked out, the armored tank would transform the battlefield forever. The idea of a "land boat" that could break through enemy lines was pursed in secret. If anyone working on the project was asked about their work, they simply replied they were building a vehicle to carry water on the battlefield. The new vehicles were shipped in crates labeled "TANK"" and the name stuck.

...in 1941, German authorities ordered that all Jewish people in German controlled areas were to wear a yellow Star of David on their clothing to identify them.

...in 1901, President William McKinley was shaking hands at the Pan-American Exhibition in Buffalo, New York. He was approached by Leon Czolgosz, an anarchist armed with pistol. He fired two shots into President McKinley's chest and was unable to fire a third because bodyguards wrestled him to the ground. McKinley died on September 12 when Theodore Roosevelt was sworn in. Czolgosz was a Polish immigrant who had gravitated to socialist and anarchist causes. He claimed the President was the head of a corrupt government. He was tried and sentenced to die in the electric chair. There is a report that Thomas Edison filmed the execution.

...in 1978, a Soviet Air Force pilot landed his state-of-the art MIG in Japan and asked for asylum in the United States. The incident was an embarrassment to the Soviet Union, but also gave the United States a chance to see that the much-feared MIG-25 was actually inferior to anything flying in the United States military. Lt. Viktor Belenko was flown to the United States and granted asylum.

...in 1995, Cal Ripkin, Jr. played in his 2,131st consecutive game, breaking Lou Gehrig's record. He wound up playing in 2,632 consecutive games when his streak ended on September 19, 1998.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are back down to 92 candles now, the numbers usually trail off on weekends, but this total is higher than last weekend. As always, a reminder that candles go out after 48 hours. Remember to keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1813, Uncle Sam became the symbol of the United States. Samual Wilson, a meat packer from Troy, New York, stamped beef delivered to the army with the letters, U.S. for "United States" but the soldiers soon started to refer to the meat as "Uncle Sam's." It stuck. Cartoonist, Thomas Nast, created an image of the bearded man with the red and white striped suit. (Nast also created the modern image of Santa Claus, as well as the elephant for the Republican party and the donkey for the Democrat party.) The most famous characterization of Uncle Sam is the iconic figure created by James Montgomery Flagg. His image of Uncle Sam became the famous "I want YOU for the U.S. Army" poster.

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/images/tlc0090.jpg

...in 1963, the Professional Football Hall of Fame opened in Canton, Ohio.

...in 1876, a bold daytime attempt at a bank robbery was made by the James-Younger gang in Northfield, Minnesota. A bank clerk recognized the famous Jesse James and tried to escape out the back of the bank. He took a shot in the shoulder, but did escape to sound the alarm. The bank was surrounded by angry townspeople who began to pour gunfire into the bank. Clett Miller was killed, Bill Chadwell was mortally wounded, Frank James took a bullet in the leg, the Younger brothers were all wounded but survived. Jesse was the last one to leave the bank but before he rode out of town, he shot the banker in the head. Frank and Jesse rode in separate directions and met in Nashville, Tennessee to begin to reform the gang.

...in 1940, the first bombing of London occurred, the first of 57 consecutve nights of bombing by the Luftwaffe. The 'blitzkreig" (lightning war) was the German strategy was to overwhelm the British air force, in order to soften up Britain for an invasion. Hitler, in his typical continuing arrogance, failed to recognize the will of the British people. When it was over, just a handful of British pilots met the Luftwaffe and drove them back. Winston Churchill said about the heroic effort, "Never had so many owed so much to so few."

That's it. That's all we know as of 2:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, tno news, no developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are holding at 108 candles as of this post. Not bad for a Sunday night! Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1974, President Gerald R. Ford pardoned his predecessor, the disgraced Richard M. Nixon who had resigned the Presidency on August 9. President Ford was the first President to come into the office without being elected. He had been appointed to replace Vice President Spiro Agnew, who resigned over income tax and political intrigue. President Ford said it was time to put the nightmare behind and move on. He came under fire at the time, from Democrats who smelled blood but in 2001, the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation presented the Profile in Courage Award to Gerald Ford. The Foundation said he placed love of his country ahead of his own political future and brought closure to the Watergate nightmare. President Ford retired from politics after being defeated by Jimmy Carter in 1976. He died on December 26, 2006, at the age of 93.

...1664, the governor of the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam, Peter Stuyvesant, surrendered to an English naval squadron. The commander who accepted the surrender promptly renamed the colony New York in honor of the Duke of York, who had ordered the expedition. It's just as well, someone, Frank Sinatra singing "New Amsterdam, New Amsterdam." The colony had been settled by Peter Minuit, who purchased the land from the Manhattan tribe, for about $24 in trinkets. The Manhattan did not understand the concept of European contracts, and armed conflict resulted. (You never hear that part of the legend, do you?) A barricade was built to keep the Indians out of the settlement, and the location of that wall is today called "Wall Street."

...in 1953, the first transcontinental express bus service was offered by Continental Trailways. The 3,154 mile trip from New York City to San Francisco (via the Lincoln Highway) took 89 hours, including 12 hours of break and rest time. It's hard to believe it took someone as late as 1953 to offer the service. The fare? $56.70. The fare today? $237.00 for a trip that will take 66 hours and 45 minutes. (Interstate 80 is considerably faster than the 1953 version of the Lincoln Highway.)

...in 1926, Gretta Garbo didn't show up to the wedding for her marriage to John Gilbert. I suppose she vonted to be alone.

...in 1966, Gene Roddenberry somehow convinced NBC to buy a science fiction television series, and Star Trek premiered on this day. The USS Enterprise began its "...five year mission to explore new worlds..." but the mission only lasted three years. Just like Congress cutting funding to NASA's project Apollo, NBC cut funding to the Enterprise by cancelling the show. It lives on in syndication, although now over 40, the series is a little long in the tooth. Today's fans are spoiled by computer graphics and not as tolerant of Styrofoam rocks and ship bulkheads that sway when struck. Still, the franchise spun off several series, [/i]Next Generation[/i], [/i]Deep Space Nine[/i], [/i]Voyager[/i] and [/i]Enterprise[/i], not to mention several movies. The late Gene Roddenberry's wife, Majel Barrett, was Nurse Chapel in the original series, played the part of Deanna Troy's mother in [/i]Next Generation[/i] and provided the Federation computer voice in all the spin-off series, movies and video games.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, No news, no developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), coming out of the weekend, we're holding at 104 candles. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1909, Edward Harriman, the financier and railroad tycoon, passed away. The controversial financial expert worked his way up from being a broker's clerk to having his own seat on the New York Stock Exchange. As part of a consortium of investors, he bought the Union Pacific Railroad Company, which was struggling at the time. By the time Harriman died, he had laid 60,000 miles of track. Most modern folks would never have heard of him, except that he was a funny line in the classic film, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. Butch and Sundance are robbing Woodcock's train for the second time, when he says, "Butch, you know that if it were my money, there is nobody that I would rather have steal it than you. But, you see, I am still in the employment of E. H. Harriman, of Union Pacific Railroad." The financial history of the UPRR is filled with questionable dealings, from the Ames Brothers to Mr. Harriman himself, far more than we have space to discuss. It makes for interesting reading, though, and today, the Union Pacific is the largest railroad in the United States. (His son, Averell Harriman, was a lifelong politician, 48th governor of New York, ambassador to the Soviet Union and Great Britain, and he was the Secretary of State under President Truman.)

...in 1942, the Japanese bombed the US mainland. Yes, you read that right. Nobuo Fujita launched a light aircraft from a submarine off the coast of Oregon and flew it over Mount Emily. He tossed a firebomb out of the plane and ignited a forest fire that did little damage. President Roosevelt called for a news blackout (would that happen today?) to prevent a hit on public morale. Fujita returned to Japan to train pilots for the duration. (The Japanese also tried bombing the west coast by floating bombs by balloon over the Pacific Ocean, also with little success.)

...in 1976, Chairman Mao Zedong died in Beijing. He was the founder of the People Republic of China after defeating General Chiang Kai-Shek in a protracted civil war. Chiang Kai-Shek settled China on the island of Taiwan while Mao began a "cultural revolution" to purge China of Chinese cutoms and traditions, begin to preach Mao's teachings and purge the party of Mao's enemies. He is considered, by some, to be one of the most influential people of the 20th Century.

...in 1893, Frances Folsom Cleveland gave birth to a Esther in the White House. She was not the first baby born in the White House, but the first birth to a President. Cleveland had married Frances Folsom in a White House ceremony in 1886. Cleveland lost his 1888 re-election bid, and the newlyweds lived in New York, where Ruth Cleveland was born, launching a popular, but untrue, urban legend that she was the namesake of the Baby Ruth candy bar. Grover Cleveland won the Presidential election in 1892, the first unseated President to return to the White House, setting the stage for the first Presidential birth in the White House.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 100 candles, We were up as high as 125 yesterday. Remember, keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1897, George Smith, a 25 year old taxi driver in London, had the dubious honor of becoming the very first person to be arrested for drunk driving. He collided with a building. He was fined 25 shillings. Representatives of MADD were unavailable for comment.

...in 1813, commanding a fleet of nine ships, Captain Oliver Hazard Perry took on a British squadron of six ships in Lake Erie during the War of 1812. When Perry's flagship was rendered useless, he moved to the Niagra and continued the battle. When it was over, the victorious Perry sent his famous message to U.S. General William Henry Harrison, "We have met the enemy, and they are ours." The loss forced the British to abandon Detroit, allowing American control over the Great Lakes area.

...in 1977, Hamida Djamdoubi, a convicted murderer from Tunisia became the last person to be executed in France by means of Madame Guillotine. The invention of Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, the decapitating machine was thought to be more humane than firing squad or hanging. The guillotine, named for Guillotin, was first used in 1792 to carry out the sentence against a highwayman. It was used during the French Revolution when more than 10,000 people lost their heads, including King Louis XVI and Marie "Let them eat cake" Antoinette. While the last execution with the machine was in 1977, France outlawed capital punishment in 1981, but there is a museum, dedicated to the guillotine, in Liden, Sweden.

...in 1881, a stagecoach robbery in Tombstone, Arizona, heightened the tension in an already taut community. A posse was called by Sheriff John Behan and included Morgan and Wyatt Earp. Based on a footprint, the posse arrested Frank Stillwell, a former deputy. Cochise County ranching powers, the Clantons and the McLaureys, saw the arrest not as justice but an Earp power play to try to loosen the grip the Clantons and McLaurys had on county politics. The tensions would continue to mount until the shootout at the OK Corral in Ocotber.

...in 1998, President Bill Clinton apologized to his cabinet for the Monica Lewinski scandal.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.


Oh, spare me the outrage. It was a joke, for crying out loud.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, No news, no developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), going into the weekend, we're holding 120 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

We all know what happened on September 11, 2001 but there were many other events that happened before 2001.

...in 1814, during the battle of Plattsburg, Master Commnadant Thomas MacDonough, commanding a newly built American fleet, destroyed a British squadron and sent them back to Canada on foot. The victory prevented an invasion of New York and moved negotiations closer to the Treaty of Ghent, ending The War of 1812.

...in 1903, the Milwaukee Mile opened at State Fair Park for automobile races. The oldest major speedway in the world, the track itself has been in place since the 1870's when it was used for horse racing. When automobiles started to proliferate, the track offered automobile races. It remained unpaved, and offered both auto and horse races until 1954 when the track was paved. The venue has also been the location of concerts and the Green Bay Packers played football games in the infield, even winning the NFL Championship game there in 1939.

...in 1971, the most colorful character of the Cold War, Nikita Khruschev died in Moscow. He is probably best remembered for his role in the 1963 Cuban Missile Crisis, when Kruschev and President John F. Kennedy played a game of chicken with nuclear warheads. (A new book about the crisis, One Minute to Midnight, offers new material and previously unpublished photos and data of the crisis and is a must read for all Americans.) Kruschev is also remembered for taking off his shoe at the United Nations and beating on the table with it to make his point. He was also disappointed that security concerns prevented a visit to Disneyland.

...in 1921, Fatty Arbuckle was arrested in San Francisco for the rape and murder of actress Virginia Rappe. He was aquitted of the spurious charges, but the press had already ruined his career as one of the most brilliant comic actors of the silent era.

...in 2001, four American airliners were hijacked by Muslim extremists with intentions of launching the largest act of terrorism ever attempted in the United States. Two planes were flown into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, one was flown into the Pentagon and the fourth plane, reportedly headed for the Capitol, crashed in Pennsylvania while passengers were attempting to retake the plane. 2,974 people perished in the attacks, not including the 19 hijackers, as if anyone cares what happened to them. 24 more are stlll listed as missing, presumed to have been vaporized. The majority of the victims were innocent civilians, representing more than 90 countries. 55 military personel perished in the crash at the Pentagon and 411 first responders perished in New York City while attempting to rescue others. NYFD lost 341 firefighters and two paramedics. The NYPD lost 23 officers and the Port Authority lost 37 officers. 8 private EMT's also perished. Flight 77 was retaken by the passengers aboard. The cockpit flight recorder has a command by one of the terrorists to "Roll the plane," when he realized the plane was about to be retaken. It crashed in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, about two miles off the Lincoln Highway.

We all remember where we were when we heard the news. The Kat Lady and I were in Iowa, riding across the Iowa countryside in Sonja, our 1929 Model A Ford. Without a radio, we were in blissful ignorance of the days events until we arrived in Amana. Cars were lined up at a gas station for more than a quarter of a mile, giving us a clue that something was powerfully wrong. We checked into a hotel in Cedar Rapids and spent the evening watching news reports, in total shock at the days events.

The images are burned into my memory, as I am sure in yours; as well. Here is a little of what 9/11 looked like.


Digitized images from video of the second plane crashing into the WTC. Used under fair use statement of the copyright holder, CNN.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d4/Story.crash.sequence.jpg

Photo of damage at Ground Zero, shot by a Sailor on duty. This is a public domain photograph.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/September_17_2001_Ground_Zero_04.jpg/480px-September_17_2001_Ground_Zero_04.jpg

Photo of Pennsylvania crash site of Flight 93 - public domain photograph.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/UA93_crash_site_noborder.jpg/800px-UA93_crash_site_noborder.jpg

Twin Towers burning as Statue of Liberty watches. Public domain photograph.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/National_Park_Service_9-11_Statue_of_Liberty_and_WTC_fire.jpg

The Pentagon after the crash of Flight 77. The resulting flames from the impact were so hot that most of the plane was vaporized. The tin foil beanie conspiracy crowd claims that since no airplance can be seen, there was no plane crash but a planted explosive device.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Pentagon_crach_site.jpg/800px-Pentagon_crach_site.jpg

Debris from the aircraft was scattered, but the tinfoil beanie crowd claims the schrapnel was placed. Public domain photograph.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flight_77_wreckage_at_Pentagon.jpg/800px-Flight_77_wreckage_at_Pentagon.jpg

Collapse of the North Tower. Photo posted on Flickr by ComerZhao and is used here under fair usage permitted by the copyright holder.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wtc_collapse.jpg/450px-Wtc_collapse.jpg

The view from space is indicative of the size of the plumes of smoke from the fires. Public domain photograph by NASA.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Manhattan_on_September_12_-_Landsat7.jpg/800px-Manhattan_on_September_12_-_Landsat7.jpg

In the aftermath...steel from the WTC debris was recycled and used to build the LPD 21 USS New York. The San Antonio Class warship is an amphibious transport dock, the letters stand for Landing Platform Dock. A well in the aft the ship can be flooded to launch and recover amphibious assault vehicles. The motto of the LPD 21 USS New York is "Never Forget."

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Sept11/NY911.jpg
The San Antonio Class warship has its own website (http://www.ussnewyork.com/index.html).

God Bless all those who perished in the terrorist attacks. God Bless the first responders who are there for us. God Bless those who sail aboard the USS New York in harm's way.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we have slipped to 87 candles. Remember, keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1953, in Newport, Rhode Island was the location of the wedding between Senator John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Bouvier. In 1961, they would become the youngest President and First Lady in American history. Jack and Jackie were married in St. Mary's Church in front of 750 witnesses.

...in 1953, Nikita Kruschev was elected to the position of First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, making him the premier after the death of Joseph Stalin. The irony is that the anniversary of his death is September 11.

...in 2003, country music legend Johnny Cash died in Nashville, at the age of 71. His music career lasted over 40 years. He signed with Sun Records, who also signed Elvis Presley, in 1954. His first hit, I Wall The Line came in 1956. In 1957, he performed at the Grand Ol' Opry, dressed all in black. He earned the name The Man In Black as a result and the legend grew. His distinctive voice and haunting lyrics (with the exception, perhaps of A Boy Named "Sue") earned him 11 Grammy Awards with 48 hits on the Billboard charts. He was the only performer to be in both the Country Music and Rock and Roll Halls of Fame. He is buried next to his wife, June Carter Cash, who preceded him in death by just four months.

...in 1912, Indianapolis entrepreneur, showman, automobile salesman and motoring enthusiast, proposed a transcontinental highway that would run from New York to San Francisco. The ambitious plan was to finish the highway in time for the Panama-Pacific Exposition in San Francisco. Called the Coast-to-Coast Rock Highway, Fisher thought it could be built for $10,000,000.00, a very optimistic estimate, even in 1912 dollars. The plan was fraught with difficulties, especially when Henry Ford refused to participate in the adventure. Ford, with his usual pragmatic vision, said that building roads was a government responsibility and not a private enterprise. Henry B. Joy, President of Packard Motor Company stepped forward as a supporter of the highway plan. He proposed that the highway be named for, and dedicated as a memorial to, Abraham Lincoln. Joy became President of the Lincoln Highway Association, helped lay out the Proclamation Route, and promoted the fastest route across the United States. Today, the route of the busiest highway in the Interstate System, I-80 closely parallels the Lincoln Highway, proving that Joy had the vision for the highway of the future. The Lincoln Highway predates Route 66 by 14 years and is 1,200 miles longer - making it most worthy of the title, The Mother Road.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we have slipped to 83 candles, and the count usually tails off on weekends. Remember, keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1814, Francis Scott Key had gone to Baltimore, to negotiate with the British, for the release of his friend, Dr. William Beanes, who had been taken prisoner by British forces during the War of 1812. He was able to secure the relearse of Dr. Beanes but British authorities would not allow them to leave until they had completed the bombardment of Fort McHenry. Key watched the bombardment from over 8 miles away. After one day of total bombardment, fort McHenry still stood but more importantly, the American flag still flew above the fort. Key began to write the immortal words, inspired by the single flag, still waving in the "...dawn's early light."

"And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air,
Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there."

His poem began to run in newspapers and became quite popular. The poem was set to a tune by John Stafford Smith called To Anacreon in Heaven which was an English drinking song. By the time President Woodrow Wilson announced, in 1916, that the song should be played before all national events, it had become known as The Star Spangled Banner. It became the National Anthem in 1931. The flag, by the way, is extant and lives at the Smithsonian Institution.

...in 1965, Louis Armstrong was awarded the Grammy for Best Male Vocalist for his recording of Hello, Dolly! Born in New Orleans in 1901 in a rough part of the city. He was sent to reform school after shooting a gun into the air. While at school, he learned to play the cornet and with his natural talent, was soon playing in jazz clubs around the city. He went to Chicago in 1922 then New York in 1924, then began making recordings in 1925. One of the most important and influential developers of jazz, "Satchmo" died in 1971.

...in 1936, at the age of 17, "Rapid" Robert Feller struck out 17 Philadelphia A's in a game with the Cleveland Indians. The effort tied the strikeout record of Dizzy Dean, a record he would top with 18 strikeouts on the last day of the 1938 season. The record stood until 1969 when it was broken by Steve Carlton. Feller amassed a record of 266-162 over his 20 year career, which was actually only 16 years since he spent four years in the Navy. He also pitched three no-hitters in 1940, 1946 and 1951. Bob Feller was also inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1962, the first year of his eligibility.

...in 1981, Margaret Chase Smith (December 14, 1897 - May 29, 1995) was elected to the Senate from Maine, the first woman to be elected to both houses of the legislative branch.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/MargaretChaseSmith.jpg
Margaret Chase Smith

Margaret Chase Smith was also the first woman to be nominated for President, in 1964, losing the bid to Barry Goldwater. At the time of her retirement, she set the record for the longest serving woman Senator.

That's it. That's all we know as of 1:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Saturday continued its tradition of being a slow news day, since there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were up over 125 candles this week, but tonight, we are back down to 87 candles. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1901, President William McKinley died of complications from a gunshot wound he suffered at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. Under McKinley, the US went to war with Spain, won handily in just three months, and took on Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines as protectorates. Although he was under criticism for his outlook on big business, he was immensely popular and easily beat William Jennings Bryan in his reelection bid. He was shot at the Exposition by Polish-American anarchist, Leon Czolgoz, who was arrested and convicted of murder after McKinley died from gangrene. Czolgoz was executed shortly afterward.

...in 1965, arguably the worst television series ever conceived premiered. (Sitcom, not Jerry Springer, who wins the "Worst Show" title, hands down.) Called My Mother, The Car, the series ran from September 1965 to September 1966, and featured Ann Southern as David Crabtree's (Jerry Van Dyke) mother, reincarnated as a 1928 Porter automobile. There was no Porter, the one-of-a-kind automobile was built as a combination of Model T, Maxwell, Hudson and modern Chevrolet. A second Porter was built, without floorboards, allowing a stuntman to drive, making the car appear driverless. Both cars exist, the stunt car is on display in Tennessee and the other is in the hands of a Canadian collector. There were 30 episodes made but none have been seen since the series was canceled. It might have been before its time, though, as the talking car concept worked quite well as Knight Rider in the 80's and is coming back this year. I hear Jerry Van Dyke is available for a talking car series.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/89/63-17017.jpg

Believe me, if you never saw the show, you haven't missed a thing.

...in 1959, the Soviet Union became the first to reach the moon when a probe crash landed on the lunar surface. The successful launch of Sputnik and the moon probe were a major propaganda win for the Soviets, but also bruised American pride and served to launch an accelerated space program that reached its pinnacle in 1969, when Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon.

...in 1960, the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries was founded by Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. OPEC has since added eight more members, but showed its power and influence by an oil embargo in 1973. Long lines for gasoline resulted, along with soaring prices and resulted in American automobiles being downsized and an emphasis was made on economy. The current price spike, caused by hurricane Ike, demonstrates that 35 years later, the American government just doesn't get it.

...in 1982, Princess Grace of Monaco died in a tragic automobile accident, after she plunged 45 feet down an embankment after a stroke. As Grace Kelly, she was endeared to American audiences in To Catch a Thief, Rear Window and High Society before she chucked it all to marry Prince Rainier of Monaco in 1956.

http://mysite.verizon.net/res0qaye/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/grace_kelly_white.jpg
Her Serene Highness The Princess of Monaco
November 12, 1929 - September 14, 1982

That's it. That's all we know as of 1:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Once again, no news, no new developments. There are still no results in DNA testing of the human skeletal remains found last month.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 80 candles, once again, heading into the weekend when the total tends to drop off, so remember to light candles for Paige and her three children too.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298). You can click on any candle to read the message and who lit it.

On This Day In History...

...in 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming (Aug 6, 1881 - Mar 11, 1955) discovered penicillin, quite by accident. As he later said, "When I woke up just after dawn on September 28, 1928, I certainly didn't plan to revolutionize all medicine by discovering the world's first antibiotic, or bacteria killer but I guess that was exactly what I did." Fleming was a brilliant man but organizationally challenged, in fact, his lab was usually in disarray. He returned from a vacation only to find that petri dishes, that he not cleaned before leaving, were growing out of control, several contained very active mold growth. He noticed that in one dish, staphylococci growth had been arrested, in fact, the staphylococci was eradicated. He was able to isolate an extract from mold that had grown in the dish, from the Penicillium genus, so he named the new agent "penicillin." It would take three more researchers about 15 years to zero in on the agent and learn how to mass produce it, but Fleming is credited as starting the era of modern antibiotics on this date in 1928.

...in 1940, the tide turned in the Battle of Britain as a handful of RAF pilots downed 56 Luftwaffe aircraft. Officials of the Luftwaffe were convinced that gaining superiority over Britain was impossible, and the next day, the bold daytime bombing raids were changed to night bombing, an admission of defeat. The Wermacht had run over most of Europe, leaving Britain the last free European state. Winston Churchill assured the world that Britain would "...never surrender." Germany would continue air raids, but by the Spring of 1941, the Battle of Britain was over. The victory over an overwhelming force, against all odds, prompted Winston Churchill to make his famous speech, crediting the hardy RAF fliers by saying, "Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few."

...in 1909, Ford Motor Company was on the verge of dominating the automobile market, but also faced the prospect of being driven out of business. An attorney by the name of George Selden had secured a patent for a "Road Engine" in the early 1890's, virtually locking up any automobile as a patent infringement. He successfully bullied several manufacturers of automobiles into an association that paid royalties to him. Henry Ford was excluded from membership because the owners of Oldsmobile stood to lose a lot of business to the upstart Ford. Ford made cars anyway, and the Selden association sued for patent infringement. It took until 1909 for a judge to rule in favor of the association. On this date, Ford appealed, and in 1911, the decision was overturned, breaking the Selden patent and opening the automobile market to anyone.

...in 1959, Nikita Krushchev became the first Soviet leader to visit the United States. As we learned a couple of days ago, Krushchev succeeded Joseph Stalin after his death in 1954. Most leaders expected Krushchev to be an extension of Stalin, but while he was a Soviet hard-liner, he was more moderate than Stalin. He announced the concept of "peaceful coexistence" with the United States. He toured the United States, mostly as a good will gesture, and was most disappointed that he was not able to visit Disneyland.

...in 1890, Mary Clarissa Agatha Miller was born in Torquay, Devon, England. She began making up stories as a child, along with her mother and older sister, Madge. She married Colonel Archibald Christie in 1914, and while he was off in the war, she worked in a pharmacy and learned a great deal about poisons. Her sister challenged her to write a novel, and The Mysterious Affair at Styles introduced Hercule Poirot to the world, who would appear in 20 more novels over the next 25 years. Agatha Christie wrote over 80 novels, 30 short story collections and 15 plays. Under the pen name of Mary Westmacott, she published six romance novels, too. She killed Hercule Poirot in Curtain: Hercule Poirot's Last Case prompting a front page obituary in the New York Times. She was knighted in 1971, and died in 1976, about a year after the death of Poirot.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are holding at 85 candles. Remeber, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1620, the Mayflower departed Plymouth, England for the Jamestown Colony in Virginia. The venture was part religious separatists who wanted to get away from the Church of English but was also part entrepreneural venture, backed by a group of investors who expected a piece of the profits from the venture. The ship was blown off course and wound up on the tip of what is now Cape Cod. Miles Standish led an armed party ashore to find a suitable place to built a settlement, which they named Plymouth. The first Winter was difficult, with half the colonists dying from disease. By 1640, the colony was overshadowed by its neighbor to the north, the Massachusetts Bay Colony, settled by the Puritans in 1629. (I was recently surprised to learn that my 11th great-grandfather, William Colver, settled in the colony in 1630.) The term "pilgrim" was not applied to the Plymouth colonists until the early 19th Century, and when Daniel Webster used the term "Pilgrim's Fathers" during a bicentennial celebration in 1829, the term came into common usage.

...in 1908, William Crapo "Billy" Durant founded General Motors by bringing Buick, Oldsmobile and Cadillac together. Durant was within hours of adding Ford Motor Company to the GM lineup during the dark hours of the Selden Patent trial (see yesterday's update) but was unable to meet Henry Ford's buyout terms. When the Selden Patent was overturned, GM and Ford became bitter rivals, with GM surpassing Ford as the largest automobile maker in 1929. Durant added Chevrolet, Fisher Body in Flint, Michigan, Frigidaire and the Dayton Engineering Laboratories (Delco) to the GM lineup. The pinnacle of GM arrogance was reached in 1953, when GM President Charles E. Wilson was being confirmed as President Eisenhower's Secretary of Defense said, "...for years I thought what was good for the country was good for General Motors and vice versa." The quote has often been garbled and misinterpreted, the most famous was a new character in Al Kapp's Li'l Abner named General Bullmoose, who's famous repeating line was, "What's good for General Bullmoose is good for the USA." The OPEC oil embargo hit GM hard in 1973 and forced downsizing of the entire line in 1978 and 1978. Eroding sales, fueled by government design requirements and crippling labor contracts forced GM to close several plants in the United States. still underway. GM is still very successful and has a huge share of the international market but continues to struggle at home.

...in 1893, at the sound of a gun, 100,000 people began pouring into the Cherokee Strip of Oklahoma to stake claims of the best acreage available. Some were surprised to find that the most choice acreage was already claimed by people who were already in the territory when the gun sounded. Those settlers earned the nickname of "Sooners" and the name stuck.

...in 1949, the soon-to-be-famous "BEEP! BEEP!" was first heard in the cartoon Fast And Furry-ous as the Road Runner first appeared. The voice was supplied, of course, by Mel Blanc. The name, and the famous "BEEP! BEEP!" was contracted by Chrysler Corporation in the late 1960's for a line of Plymouth muscle cars called "Road Runner." The powerful (and very fast) car was saddled with the ridiculous horn, too, much to the embarrassment of many winners of the stop light Grand Prix.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were up over 100 candles today, but tonight, we are back down to 80 candles. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1787, "We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America." On this date, the preamble you just read became the law of the land as the Constitution was ratified. Have you ever read it? I mean, have you ever actually read it? The amendments and phrases get tossed around pretty freely, and it is painfully obvious that many who talk about it have never read it, let alone, understand it. You can read it on the website of the US Constitution (http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html). Read it soon.

...in 1976, (THAT'S the spirit!) NASA unveiled the first space shuttle, Enterprise, in California. Enterprise became the first shuttle to fly when it was launched from a specially equipped Boeing 747 at 25,000 feet. It glided back to Edwards AFB with no trouble. Columbia was launched on April 12, 1981 on the first mission and returned, unpowered, to Edwards AFB. The navigational computer was a Hewlett-Packard hand-held calculator, a model 41-C. The Challenger exploded at 00:01:14 into a mission on January 28, 1986, killing all seven astronauts, setting the program back at least 2 years. Sadly, on February 1, 2003, the venerable Columbia disintegrated on re-entry. All seven astronauts perished in that tragedy. Despite all that, the fleet of shuttles successfully completed many missions, including satellite launching, repair and recovery, scientific measurements, repair of the Hubble Telescope, not to mention, the building, equipping, and support of the International Space Station. A new shuttle fleet is in development now, to replace the fleet of craft that uses 35+ year old designs.

...in 1916, Freiherr Manfred Albrecht von Richtofen shot down his first enemy plane over the Western Front during WWI. Von Richtofen was the son of nobility and became a star pupil of the leading German pilot. He shot down British Second Leftenant Lionel Morris. Von Richtofen folled the aircraft down, and landed where it did. Leftenant Morris and his copilot had mortal wounds, and von Richtofen honored him by placing a marker on the grave. Near the end of the war, von Richtofen was assigned a new plane, a Fokker triplane, which he had painted bright red to honor his old cavalry regiment. Although he only flew the plane for 8 months, he is best remembered for it and the nickname it earned for him, the Bloody Red Baron. He was also known as "Le Petit Rouge" - Little Red - and "Le Diable Rouge" - The Red Devil." In his native Prussia, he was known as "Der Rote Kampfflieger" - The Red Fighter Pilot" although, now, he is better known as The Red Baron everywhere.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Red_Baron.jpg/200px-Red_Baron.jpg
Manfred Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen
(2 May 1892 – 21 April 1918)
He is wearing The Blue Max, Prussia's
Highest Military Honor

On April 21, 1918 at the age of 25, the Red Baron was shot down and killed over the Somme River (not by Snoopy in a Sopwith Camel, either) after he had shot down 80 enemy aircraft, securing his place in history as one of the greatest air aces of World War I, in fact, of all time.

...in 1862, the Battle of Antietam became the bloodiest day in American history. General Robert E. Lee and his army of Northern Virginia fought General George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac fought to a draw along the banks of the Maryland creek. McClellan did not know that he held a huge numerical advantage over Lee, and for some unknown reason, did not follow him as Lee retreated into Virginia. (Some historians say that had McClellan given pursuit, the war could have ended shortly after Antietam.) A week later, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. This changed the focus of the war from unification to both unification and the end of slavery.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/RoteBaron.JPG/800px-RoteBaron.JPG
A reproduction of The Red Baron's Fokker Triplane

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are up to 95 candles. Remeber, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1793, George Washington laid the cornerstone of the new US Capitol building. It took about a century to complete, with a long line of architects and project managers completed the project. Today, no one knows where that cornerstone is located.

...in 1975, Patty Hearst was arrested in her San Francisco apartment. On February 4, 1974, the 19 year old heiress to the Hearst newspaper fortune, was abducted by a group calling themselves the Symbionese Liberation Army. Later that same February, Hearst was seen on a surveillance tape during a bank robbery. Later, she said in a video tape that she had joined the SLA of her own free will. She was convicted of bank robbery and sentenced to seven years, but the sentence was commuted by President Jimmy Carter and she received a full pardon from President Bill Clinton.

...in 1955, the 2,000,000 Ford V-8 engine was built, after 23 years of production. The Ford V-8 was not a new concept in 1932, in fact, several manufacturers had been building V-8 engines for many years in expensive cars. Those engines were manufactured with an expensive process that put two separate castings together. The Ford V-8 engine was the first cast as a single block, a process that most engineers had given up as impossible. Ford engineers, including Charles "Cast Iron Charlie" Sorensen perfected the process of manufacturing the single-casting Flathead Ford. Ford's arch-rival, Chevrolet, did not offer a V-8 until 1955.

...in 1964, speaking of Chevrolet, Route 66 disappeared into the sunset as it ended it's four year run on CBS. (The last new episode ran in May, but it continued in reruns until September.) The weekly drama featured Martin Milner as Tod Stiles and George Maharis as Buz Murdock. The two young men traveled the famous highway between Chicago and Los Angles in a Chevrolet Corvette, finding interesting characters along the way. Tod, Buz and the Corvette were the only recurring characters, each week, the pair encountered a new cast and found their way into the lives of the characters in each town. Besides the Corvette, the series is also remembered for the catchy theme, written by Nelson Riddle. An attempt was made to reshoot the show in the early 1990s, but time moves on. Today, almost all of Route 66 has been paved over by a series of Interstate highways and, except for fans of nostalgia and historic highways, interest in Route 66 has faded and the series folded quickly.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/65/Route66bnov.jpg/270px-Route66bnov.jpg
Buz (George Maharis) and Tod (Martin Milner) take a ferry in the series premiere, October 7,1960

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are up to 95 candles. Remeber, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1932, Ab Jenkins, known as a "Son of the Salt" set yet another record at the Bonneville Salt Flats. Born David Abbott Jenkins on January 25, 1883 in Spanish Fork, Utah, he was a sign painter, carpenter, mason and building contractor. In 1926, long before the days of Interstate Highways, he drove from New York to San Francisco in 86 hours and 26 minutes. That's 5,186 minutes, or a little more than 3-1/2 days. (I drove the same route in 2003 in a 1929 Ford; it took me 16 days, just to give you an idea of his accomplishment.) As a devout member of the Church of Latter Day Saints, he named all his race cars "Mormon Meteor." On this date in 1932, on the Salt Flats, Jenkins completed a 24 hour solo run of 2,710 miles in a single day, driving a stock Pierce-Arrow. Jenkins died in 1956 at Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin, where he was to drive the pace car. Ab Jenkins set more records at the Bonneville Salt Flats than anyone else, truly, a Man of the Salt.

...in 1959, Nikita Krushchev, as we told you about a few days ago, was not allowed to visit Disneyland when his whirlwind tour of the US came to Los Angeles. He did get to visit a soundstage of 20th Century Fox, where the film Can-Can was in production. He was surrounded by the cast, including Shirley MacLaine and Juliet Prowse. Frank Sinatra served as the impromptu MC of the event, thrilling Krushchev until he was insulted at lunch by Spyros P. Skouras. Upon learning he could not visit Disneyland, he exploded and asked, "Is there an epidemic of cholera there or something? Have gangsters taken hold of the place that can destroy me?" He did continue his tour of California without further incident and met with President Dwight Eisenhower in Washington, D.C.

...in 1956, the game show, You Bet Your Life ended its nine year run on radio. The show continued on television until 1961 with the venerable Groucho Marx as the host. (I don't think the cancellation of the show on radio had anything to do with Marx as much as it did with television killing network radio programming in the 1950s, as I remember Jack Benny's radio show coming to an end, too.) In 1947, when the show started, Groucho's fans were disappointed that the well known comic and movie star had stepped down to hosting a game show, but Groucho immediately turned it into an outlet for his sharp, wisecracking sense of comedy. An attempt was made to ressurect the show on television in the 1990s, with Bill Cosby, but it never caught on. There is, however, a similar radio show on NPR entitled Whad'ya Know starring Michael Feldman in the Groucho Marx role and Jim Packard in the George Fenneman role. The show airs Saturdays on NPR. Read about the modern copy of You Bet Your Life and find the listings near you on notmuch.com (http://www.notmuch.com/]Michael Feldman's Whad'Ya Know?).

...in 1960, Chubby Checker hits #1 on the Billboard chart with The Twist. It was the only show to top the charts twice, as it came back to #1 again in 1962. The Twist stayed on the charts for 39 weeks and launched a national dance craze.

...in 1893, Governor Lord Glasgow of New Zealand, signed the Electoral Bill and becomes the first county in the world to to grant women the right to vote. It took the United States until 1920 to ratify the vote for women and 1928 for Great Britain.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were up over 110 candles yesterday, but as of this posting, we are back down to 84 candles. Remember, the totals tend to drop off over the weekend, and candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige this weekend, and for her family and for her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1979, the deposed king of Ford Motor Company ascended to the throne of the troubled Chrysler Corporation. Lee Iacocca had been the president of Ford Motor Company but in 1978, Henry Ford II fired him. Iacocca took the helm of the sinking ship that was Chrysler, not realizing just how bad it really was. As he said, the day the checking account balance hit $1,000,000, he knew how bad it really was. "For a car company," he later said, "Having a million dollars in the checking account is like having one dollar in your wallet." He reduced his salary to $1.00 and began a progrom of cutbacks, layoffs and sought government loan guarantees. He appeared on Chrysler television spots, claiming, "If you can find a better car at a lower price, buy it!" By 1983, Chrysler had returned from the brink of bankruptcy to being a driving force in the marketplace and repaid all the government backed loans, and it was done in less than 4 years. "We at Chrysler borrow money the old-fashioned way," he said in a television spot. "We pay it back."

...in 1519, Ferdinand Magellan set sail from Spain to search for a shortcut to the Spice Islands. Since he was about 400 years too early for Teddy Roosevelt and the Panama Canal, Magellan sailed south along the coast of South America until he found the straits that separated South America from Tierra del Fuego and today, bear his name. He was the first explorer to find the Pacific Ocean, from the Latin word for peace, so named by him because of the calm waters. Magellan died in the Philippines, but two of his ships continued onward. One attempted to return via the same route, and was never heard from again. The Vittoria continued west, rounded the Cape of Good Hope and returned to Spain, the first ship to circumnavigate the globe.

...in 1973, former tennis champion, Bobby Riggs (55) took on the top women's tennis champion, Billy Jean King (29) in a widely promoted and widely watched tennis match. Riggs was a self-proclaimed chauvinist and claimed that he could beat any woman in a tennis match. The match was held at the Astrodome in front of 30,000 people and an estimated 50,000,000 people watching on television. King arrived in a gold sedan chair, carried by men dressed as slaves while Riggs arrived in a rickshaw pulled by female models. Howard Cosell called the play-by-play as King beat RIggs 6-4, 6-3, 6-3. The victory was seen not only as a tennis victory for King but a victory for women's rights in general.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are holding at 84 candles. Remember, totals drop on weekends and candles go out after 48 hours, so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1780, General Benedict Arnold met with British Major John Andrae to discuss delivering West Point to the British. In exchange, Arnold was to be provided with a high ranking commission in the British army along with a large sum of money. The plot was foiled, however, and Arnold was exposed. His name is now synonymous with the term traitor. (In high school, some of my friends played in a garage band known as Sir Benedict and The Traitors.) Arnold fled to the British lines and actually commanded troops in Virginia against the colonists. He died in London in 1801 but never received all he was promised.

...in 1945, Henry Ford II, "Hank the Deuce" became the President of Ford Motor Company. After the death of Edsel Ford, Henry Ford took over. He was 76 years old, confused and in failing health. Clara Ford (Henry's wife) threatened to sell her stock if he didn't step down and hand the company over to their grandson. Ford II was pulled out of the Great Lakes Naval Training Center and given his release to take the reins of the failing automaker, a company that was hemorrhaging money at the rate of about $1 million per month. The young Ford was not trained in business administration but he had a knack for organization. He first fired Harry Bennett, the shady character who ran the Ford Service Department and caused immeasurable damage to labor relations. Ford also hired a package of 10 men who had been quality control experts for the army. They were known as the "Quiz Kids" because they asked so many questions of everyone. Within a few years, they became known as the "Whiz Kids" because they implemented changes that made Ford into a profitable company again. One of the Whiz Kids, Robert McNamara, was selected by President John F. Kennedy to be his Secretary of Defense. Under Henry II, Ford created the Thunderbird, Falcon, Mustang, the Lincoln Mark series, and the F series of trucks, and today, the Ford F-150 is the best selling vehicle in the American market.

...in 1985, Dire Straits reached #1 on the Billboard chart with a song called Money For Nothing, written by Mark Knopfler after hearing a tradesman in an electronics store, making fun of MTV. (If that's before your time, MTV used to broadcast music videos.) The video was a mix of live action and early computer graphics that were amazing for their time but seem primitive by today's standards. In the background of the song, you can hear Sting singing "I want my, I want my, I want my MTV" using Don't Stand So Close To Me by The Police. That's the way you do it, you play the git-tar on the MTV, That ain't woikin', get your money for nuthin' and your chicks for free. (Trivia - the first video played by MTV when it went online was Video Killed The Radio Star. Today, MTV is loaded with sophomoric crap. I wonder what the last video was?) You can see the Dire Straits video on YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNaKWXqXkhw) and Video Killed the Radio Star on YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X19iZ4CyJf0). Apparently, apathy killed the video star.

...in 1904, Chief Him-mah-too-yah-lat-kekt ("Thunder Rolling Down from the Mountains") of the Nez Perce died in Washington, aged 64. Known to Whites as Chief Joseph, he was considered a brilliant military strategist but he was really more of a peacemaker than a warrior. While he tried to make peace with settlers who coveted the lands of the Wallowa Band of the Nez Pearce, a group of young hotheads attacked the settlers and started the Nez Perce War of 1877. When it was all over, Chief Joseph stated, "From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are up to 95 candles. Remeber, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1776, Nathan Hale was executed in New York City, without a trial, by the British Army for espionage. Legend has it that his last words were, "I regret that I have but one life to give to my country." Although there is no evidence one way or another that he actually said it, but Hale was a schoolteacher, and he may have been inspired by the lines of Joseph Addison's play, "What a pity it is That we can die but once to serve our country."

...in 1914, the German U-boat U-9 sank three British cruisers in less than one hour. The event demonstrated to the world that German submarines were far more effective than anyone anticipated. The German blockade of Britain might have succeeded, but U-boat attacks on neutral American ships brought the United States into the war and changed the balance against Germany.

...in 1953, the first four-level highway interchange opened in Los Angeles, the city of traffic jams and smog. It was far from the first interchange, in fact, one of the first primitive interchanges was built in Colo, Iowa (http://bridgehunter.com/ia/story/bh36216/), in 1936.

http://bridgehunter.com/photos/11/14/111476-M.jpg
This interchange, in Colo, Iowa, was called a "grade separation" when it was built
in 1936, but the design influenced highway design for decades.
Photo Copyright and Courtesy of Historic Bridges of the United States (http://bridgehunter.com/).

...in 1862, President Abraham Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation. The announcement did not actually end slavery as much as it told the world that the goal of the Civil War was not just reunification but the end of slavery. The Confederate States of America were trying desperately to gain recognition from world powers. At one time, the rebels were seen in some places as freedom fighters, but with the Proclamation, the struggle was no longer seen as a fight for freedom but a battle to defend slavery. It was a brilliant move by Lincoln to brand the CSA as a slave nation.

...in 1554, Francisco Coronado died without ever finding the Seven Cities of Gold. He died too early, because he didn't get to Reno and Las Vegas.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we plummeted to 61 candles yesterday but as of this posting, we are holding at 81. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours and must be re-lit. Remember to keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1875, at the ripe old age of 15, Billy the Kid was arrested for the first time. He was participating in a practical joke that went bad, by hiding a bag of laundry that a friend had stolen from a Chinese laundry. Literally caught holding the bag, Billy was put into jail as a lesson. In two days, claustrophobia pushed him up a chimney pipe to escape, and he was on the wrong side of the law from then on. He was born in New York City but wound up in Silver City, New Mexico where he was taken by his mother and the site of his first arrest. He would go on to be one of the most notorious outlaws in western history.

...in 1779, the US Navy frigate, Bonhomme Richard entered battle with the Bristish ships Serapis and Countess of Scarborough near England. The Bonhomme Richard was under the command of John Paul Jones, a Scottsman who came to America as a cabin boy and was commissioned into the navy as a lieutenant at the outbreak of the Revolutionary War. Jones has been in command of the Bonhomme Richard for less than a month when he entered the battle, and it did not go well for the ship. When the captain of the Serapis asked if Jones would surrender, he yelled back, "Sir, I have not yet begun to fight!" At the conclusion of three more hours of fierce battle, both the Serapis and Countess of Scarborough surrendered and Jones moved the American colors to the Serapis. The remains of the Bonhomme Richard sank the next day. Jones was a hero in France but not so much in the United States, for some reason. He died at the age of 45 in 1792, while embroiled in the French Revolution. He was buried in an unmarked grave, but in 1905, his remains were located, returned the the US and he is enshrined in a crypt at Annapolis, Maryland at the Naval Academy. He is hailed as one of the most brilliant naval tacticians in American history.

...in 1846, Johann Gottfried Galle located the planet, Neptune, at the Berlin Observatory. No, Galle was as the Observatory, Nepture was orbiting the sun. The location has been calculated by French astronomer, Urbain-Jean-Joseph Le Verrier by calculating the gravitational disturbances in the orbit of Uranus. Galle found Neptune, named for the Roman god of the oceans. It was the last planet discovered until Pluto was found in 1930, which was the 9th planet until 2006 when it was downgraded. In 1989, Voyager 2 was the first (Terran) spacecraft to visit Neptune.

...in 1961, the NBC network broke with tradition and premiered Saturday Night at the Movies with the film, How To Marry A Millionaire, a 1953 film starring Betty Grable, Marilyn Monroe and Lauren Bacall. There was an uneasy rivalry between the movie and television industries, but the success of the NBC experiment changed that relationship forever.

...in 1944, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt addressed the Teamster's in a campaign speech. After the usual political nonsense, FDR attacked the Republicans in defense of his dog, Fala. The Scottish Terrier was probably the most famous dog in the world, living in the White House after being presented to FDR by his cousin, Daisy Suckley, who also trained him. He went everywhere with the President, including a trip to a conference where he met Winston Churchill. The Republicans has charged Roosevelt with leaving Fala behind on the Aleutian Islands and sending a destroyer, at a cost of $20 million, to retrieve him. In his speech, Rossevelt said, You know, Fala is Scotch, and being a Scottie, as soon as he learned that the Republican fiction writers in Congress and out had concocted a story that I had left him behind on the Aleutian Islands and had sent a destroyer back to find him — at a cost to the taxpayers of two or three, or eight or 20 million dollars — his Scotch soul was furious. [laughter] He has not been the same dog since! [laughter] I am accustomed to hearing malicious falsehoods about myself — such as that old, worm-eaten chestnut that I have represented myself as indispensable. But I think I have a right to resent, to object to libelous statements about my dog [laughter].

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/FDR_and_Fala_at_table.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Eleanor_Roosevelt_with_Fala.jpg
FDR and Fala at Warm Springs, Georgia. Fala lived with Eleanor after FDR's death in 1945, and he is buried at Val-Kil near the Roosevelts.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/FDR_memorial.jpg
Fala was kind enough to share his memorial in Washington, D.C. with FDR.

http://www.whitehouse.gov/barney/images/march2007.jpg
The tradition continues today, as Scottish Terriers, Barney and Miss Beasley (http://www.whitehouse.gov/barney/), live at the White House, allowing George and Laura Bush to live there, too.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are holding at 111 candles as of this posting but it looks like several are about to go out. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours and many people lit many candles on the special day. We're going back to regular levels, but that doesn't mean you should stop lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1989, the lights of the Great White Way went dark for one minute in honor of Irving Berlin, who had died two days earlier at the age of 101. Born in Tyumen, Russia (now Belarus) as Israel Isidore Bailin, he immigrated to the United States in 1893 with his parents. After his father died in 1896, Beilin had to work of starve, and this affected the way he handled money for the rest of his life. At the request of his employer (where he was a singing waiter) he wrote the lyrics to a tune written by the restaurant's piano player. Marie From Sunny Italy was soon published, his name was misspelled on the sheet music as I. Berlin and he was paid 37¢ for the tune. It was the first of over 1,500 songs that he would write in his long life. His songs are listed in the soundtrack credits of 259 films.

http://parlorsongs.com/bios/berlin/berlin.jpg
Irving Berlin, 1888-1989

Berlin is probably best remembered for White Christmas (the best selling single of all time) but my favorite Berlin song was Oh How I Hate To Get Up In The Morning, which he sang in the movie This Is The Army. You can see it here, on YouTube. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71smG5d29to) At the same time he wrote it, he wrote another tune that he decided was too dreary. He dug it out again in 1938, polished it up and added new lyrics. It would be Kate Smith's signature song, God Bless America. Oh - Irving Berlin could not read music.

...in 1936, Jim Henson was born in Greenville, Mississippi. His parents moved to Hyattsville, Maryland where Henson joined a puppet club in high school. His puppets earned a spot on a local television show and earned him an Emmy. In 1955, Henson took his mother's old green coat, added ping pong balls for eyes, and the world would never be the same. ("Muppets" is a combination of the words marionette and puppet.) Henson's puppets were stars of 300 Wilkens Coffee commercials and Rowlf, The Dog was a regular on . The big break came when he signed to create puppets for [i]The Preschool Educational Television Show which, thankfully, was renamed . Seven years later, he could not sell the idea of a series to the networks, so he syndicated [i]The Muppet Show ("Bork, bork, bork!") which earned three Emmys and launced a movie career. Henson died in 1990 of pneumonia.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/48/Tv_the_muppet_show_bein_green_gone.png
Kermit

...in 1964, the Warren Commission issued a report to President Lyndon Johnson that said Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone when he assassinated President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963. To this day, conspiracy theorists try to pick it apart, in fact, a second report was created in 1979 that reached the same conclusion. The volumes of documentation are all open to public examination now, except for the results of the Kennedy autopsy, which are highly restricted.

...in 1908, the very first Model T Ford was assembled in Detroit, Michigan at the Ford Motor Company, to be introduced to the public on October 1. The Model T revolutionized the automobile industry as economies of scale allowed Ford to continue to reduce the price of the venerable Tin Lizzie. 15 million Model T's were built between 1908 and 1927.

http://www.hfmgv.org/exhibits/showroom/1908/tsm2.jpg
1914 Model T Ford Touring

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we finished the day at 84 candles. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours and many people lit many candles on the special day. We're going back to regular levels, but that doesn't mean you should stop lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1957, 9 African-American Students on their way to their first day at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas were escorted by a 1,200 man task force of Army regulars. Two days before, the "Little Rock Nine" had been denied access to the school, in defiance of the order of the Federal Court as they had come face to face with over 1000 angry whites. This was the first implementaion of desegregation after the landmark Brown v. Board of Education decision of 1954. The next day President Dwight Eisenhower called out the 1,200 man 327th Airborne Battle Group out of Fort Campbell, Kentucky to escort the nine students to school. A power showdown between President Eisenhower and Governor Orval Faubus and it gained international attention. Eisenhower also mobilized the 1,000 man Arkansas National Guard, taking the unit out of the hands of the governor. A military presence remained in the school for the entire school year, prompting Melba Pattillo Beals, one of the "nine," to say, "After three full days inside Central, I know that integration is a much bigger word than I thought."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a6/LittleRockHS1957.jpg

...in 1789, Congress approved 12 amendments to the newly passed Constitution and sent them to the 13 states to be ratified. The amendments were written by James Madison to guarantee the citizens the right to assemble, bear arms, freedom of speech and press, freedom to particiapte in any religion (note, there is no verbiage that guarantees freedom from religion) the right to redress grievances with the government, the right to a speedy trial by a jury of peers, nor to provide witness against oneself, private property rights preventing the quartering of military and unreasonable searches, it prohibits excessive bail and excessive fines as well as cruel and unusual punishment. The Bill of Rights also distributes governing power to the states and individuals. The first two amendments were not initially ratified. The first included a system of population driven representation and was never ratified. The second required an election cycle between the time Congress voted a pay raise and the time it took effect. That amendment
was ratified - 200 years later in 1992.

...in 1775, Ethan Allen was captured by the British after aborting a badly planned attack on Montreal. He was taken to Britain to be executed, but the execution was delayed for fear of reprisals from the colonies. He was returned during a prisoner exchange in 1778. Allen was from Vermont, which had already declared itself an independent republic, free of British rule. After his return, he was made a Major General in the Vermont militia, and he was a hero of the revolution. When it was all over, Vermont remained an independent republic and was not admitted to the union because the lands were claimed by New York, Massachusetts and Connecticut. Vermont went so far as to negotiate with Canada to return to the British crown. Allen died on his farm in 1789, a citizen of the Republic of Vermont. Two years later, Vermont gave up its status as a nation and joined the United States as the 14th state.

...in 1959, President Dwight Eisenhower sat down with Soviet Premier Nikita Krushchev for two days of talks after Krushchev's whirlwind tour of the US. Other than being enraged over insulting comments by the president of 20th Century Fox and throwing a tantrum because he was not allowed to visit Disneyland, Eisenhower and Krushchev reportedly accomplished much in understanding each other's goals and motivations. Unfortunately, it was all crushed in May of 1960 when Francis Gary Power's U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union and the tension of mistrust came between the leaders.

...in 1965, the Kansas City A's started Satchel Paige at pitcher in a game against the Boston Red Sox. He was reportedly 59 years old. A legend on the mount and arguably the greatest pitched who ever lived, allowed only one hit in three innings pitched. Leroy Page was (supposedly) born on July 7, 1906 in Mobile, Alabama, but that date is not firm. His mother changed the spelling of their name to Paige to distance herself from Leroy's abusive father. He earned the nickname "Satchel" while working as a luggage handler at the Mobile train station. He was arrested at the age of 12 and sent to reform school, a lucky break, because that is where he learned to pitch. His natural ability and talent allowed him to turn pro when he was released from the school. He played in the Negro Leagues before Bill Veeck picked him up in 1948, to play for the Indians at the age of 42. In 1965, he became the oldest pitcher to every play in the majors. Prior to the game, he sat in a rocking chair in the bullpen while a nurse rubbed liniment into his arm - and it was done where everyone in the stadium could see the stunt. He retired everyone he faced, except for the great Carl Yastremski who hit a double. Satchel said his secret was to "...jangle along loosely to keep the juices flowing..." and to "...avoid fried foods which angry up the blood." Paige was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1971.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 85 candles now. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours but that doesn't mean you should stop lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1957, Leonard Bernstein's groundbreaking West Side Story opened on Broadway at the Winter Garden Theater. Although it initially was not widely accepted, it was undoubtedly Bernstein's greatest work. Even though it featured Bernstein's haunting melodies and lyrics by Steven Sondheim, the play opened to mixed reviews. West Side Story won two Tony Awards for set design and Jerome Robbins' choreography. The interracial conflict of the story made many people uncomfortable in light of the trouble in Little Rock, Arkansas the day before. It was made into a movie in 1961 that won 10 Oscars and launched the career of Natalie Wood. The retelling of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet is still widely performed today.

...in 1910, William Crapo "Billy" Durant lost control of his design effort, the huge General Motors. In an attempt to regain control, he partnered with race driver, Louis Chevrolet, and founded Chevrolet Motors. Within five years, Durant and Chevrolet took control of GM by adding Chevrolet Motor Division to the umbrella. In 1920, he lost it all again, anyway.

...in 1982, the second talking car on television debuted with David Hasselhoff playing second fiddle to a Pontiac Firebird, modified to be KITT, an acronym for Knight Industries Two Thousand. Knight Rider also featured William Daniels' distinctive voice as the (uncredited) voice of KITT. The show ran for four seasons before it got a little silly and was canceled. (The first talking car was in the awful Jerry Van Dyke series, My Mother The Car.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/31/Knightlogo.png
The Original Title Card

...in 1960, the very first televised Presidential debate was held between Richard Milhouse Nixon and John Fitzgerald Kennedy. It marked the beginning of television's domination of Presidential elections in the future. Nixon had just been released from a two week stay in the hospital after a serious knee injury. Kennedy was well groomed and alert while Nixon appeared haggard. His wrinkled suit and 5 o'clock shadow didn't help any, and he refused make-up, a decision he later regretted. According to the Museum of Broadcast History, Nixon won the debate as heard by radio listeners. Television viewers, however, gave an overwhelming victory to Kennedy. To this day, appearances count, perhaps too much. Nixon refused to appear on television in the 1968 and 1972 elections, which he won.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

IIn news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 91 candles now. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours. We're going back to regular levels, but that doesn't mean you should stop lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1938, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt wrote a second letter, in a two day span, to German Chancellor Adolph Hitler. In his letter, he pleaded with Hitler to not invade the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia and FDR added that a need for a peaceful settlement was in order. Hitler needed the industrial and natural resources that the Sudetenland offered, and Hitler claimed that Germany had a right to the Sudetenland, based on the "shameful way" (Hitler's words) Germany was treated in the Treaty of Versailles that ended the first world war. Hitler and his supporters believed the Sudetenland was, in fact, a part of Germany and he was simply trying to reunify the peoples. No matter what pleas were made, nor negotiations offered, Hitler invaded the Sudetenland in May 1939 anyway. Pay heed, those who believe it is possible to negotiate with a despotic madman.

...in 1928, the cornerstone was laid for the new Henry Ford Museum and Edison Institute, next door to the Ford Motor Company Engineering Department in Dearborn, Michigan. Henry Ford had been deeply stung by the way the press had ridiculed him during his famous libel suit against the Chicago Tribune. The Trib's lawyer was trying to prove Mr. Ford to be an "ignoramous" as the newspaper had called him, resulting in the lawsuit. When asked if he knew who Benedict Arnold was, Ford answered, "A writer, I think." He confused the Revolutionary War with the War of 1812, but chided the lawyer by saying, "I don't have room in my head for such nonsense. If I need that information, I can press a button on my desk and be surrounded by people who have all those answers." He later told the court, "I've always thought history was more or less bunk." The press treatment of him cut deeply, and he vowed to avenge the ridicule. He did so by founding the museum that bears his name. The main building is an exact duplicate of Independence Hall, right down to a 4" error the Philadelphia architect of Independence Hall had made in window placement. Today, "The Henry Ford" is the blanket name for the complex that is officially known as The Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village.

http://l.yimg.com/a/i/travel/tg/lp/8d/500x500_8d0a3f348ba2514e4628341ecf219c12.jpg http://www.ushistory.org/tour/gifs/independencehall.jpg
Henry Ford Museum, Dearborn, Michigan and Independence Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

...in 1959, Vice-President Richard M. Nixon escorted Soviet Premier Nikita Krushchev to the airport as he prepared to return to Russia. Nixon and Krushchev had locked horns earlier, but on this day, the two men seemed to get along quite well. Krushchev was sent off with a 21 gun salute and a US Marine Band playing the Star Spangled Banner and the Internationale. He then boarded a Russian aircraft and returned home after his two week, whirlwind tour of the United States.

...in 1915, First Lieutenant John Kipling, the only son of Rudyard Kipling, died in battle. He was reportedly cut down by machine gun fire and his body was never found. Rudyard Kipling, the winner of a Nobel Prize for literature, is best known for his children's novel The Jungle Book and I fondly remember a mongoose named "Riki Tiki Tavi." (A recent British television production told the story, starring Daniel Radcliffe, best known for portraying Harry Potter, as John Kipling.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we had 102 candles last night. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours but that doesn't mean you should stop lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1929, Chicago Federal District Attorney, Samuel E.Q. Johnson, met with a young and unknown prohibition agent at 4:00 PM. The young agent had an idea of a way to clean up Chicago and bring down the huge empire that had been built by a ruthless gangster, named Al "Scarface" Capone. Capone was running an empire that grossed an estimated $125 million per year in illegal alcohol, racketeering, prostitution, drugs and beer. Capone was able to operate with impunity because he spent $25 million per year in graft, paying off police, federal agents, judges and local politicians to keep the alcohol flowing. The young agent had an idea of a small unit of agents, hand picked and above reproach, agents who would never accept a bribe and would be dedicated to bringing down the empire that "Scarface" had built. The District Attorney approved the plan and Eliott Ness, with 11 hand-picked agents, began a journey down a dangerous path. He was the target of several failed assassination attempts. The task force returned bribe money to the gangsters, and a press conference was held to announce that they could not be bribed. A newsphoto caption called them "untouchable" and a headline writer coined the phrase, "The Untouchables." Ness and The Untouchables destroyed breweries and equipment, confiscated millions of dollars worth of trucks and machinery, and poured millions of gallons of beer down the sewers of Chicago. While the Volstead Act was unpopular and a dumb idea from the start, it was the law of the land and Ness accepted it as his duty to enforce it. (The Volstead Act had been vetoed in 1919 by President Wilson but was overridden the same day.) The Untouchables essentially shut down Capone's operations by crushing his breweries and distilleries, turning Chicago into a dry town.

The Untouchables have become famous in television and movies, but it was Federal Tax Laws that finally got Capone imprisioned for Income Tax Evasion. Capone died in federal prison in 1947 from complications of venereal disease that he contracted in one of his own houses. Ness died quietly in 1957, but not until after he had written his story in a book called The Untouchables. The Volstead act was repealed in 1933 with the ratification of the 21st Amendment, bringing an end to one of the most lawless and violent periods of American history. (The Untouchables were broken up after Capone was imprisoned and Ness went to Cleveland to enforce distillation rules in the hills of Ohio, Kentucky and West Virginia. In the 1950's, he retired from government work and was working in private industry when he died of a heart attack at the age of 54.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Eliotness.jpg/150px-Eliotness.jpg
Eliott Ness

...in 1066, William the Conquerer, formerly the Duke of Normandy, led an invasion force into England, to defeat King Harold II in the Battle of Hastings. The victory started a new chapter in British history. On Christmas Day, 1066, William was crowned the King of England, a position he believed was his by birthright. It ended the reign of the Anglo-Saxon kings and began the rule of the Norman kings. French became the language of the court, and when combined with the olde Anglo-Saxon language, gave rise to "modern" English. (William was the great-nephew of King Ethelred the Unready, which has nothing to do with this story but I love the name.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/37/William_I%2C_Lichfield_Cathedral.jpg/180px-William_I%2C_Lichfield_Cathedral.jpg
Victorian era depiction of William the Conquerer in Lichfield

...in 1941, Ted Williams went 6 for 8 in a double header against the Philadelphia A's, ending his season with a .406 batting average. He was the first to hit over .400 for a season since Bill Terry accomplished the feat in 1930. Williams might have been even better, but he took three years off to be a fighter pilot in WWII, and another year off to fly combat missions in Korea as the wing man to John Glenn, who also went on to some fame in the 1960's before becoming a Senator from Ohio. Williams was also an accomplished hunter and fisherman, especially fly fishing. He was a spokesman for Sears & Roebuck sporting goods for many years. While on a hunting trip, Williams heard a strange noise on the roof of his cabin. As he headed outside to see what was amiss, instead of a rifle, he picked up a baseball bat. There was a wildcat on the roof that jumped to attack Williams, but the cat made the mistake of jumping low and on the outside corner. Williams also won the American League Triple Crown - twice - in 1942 and 1947. (Highest batting average, most RBIs and most home runs. He was also the AL Most Valuable Player in 1946 and 1947.

...in 1960, Ted Williams hit a home run in his last at bat before retiring. He once said his goal in life was "...to be able to walk down the street and have people say, 'There goes the greatest hitter who ever lived.'" Many baseball fans would say he accomplished that goal.

...in 1965, Jack McKay reached an altitude of 55.9 miles and a speed of 3,731 mph in the X-15. McKay qualified as an astronaut, because his flight exceeded an altitude of 50 miles, considered "space" in the United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/X-15_in_flight.jpg/300px-X-15_in_flight.jpg
The North American Aviation X-15

There were three X-15 rocket-powered aircraft built that flew 199 missions before the two remaining were retired - the third crashed and burned. The flights of the X-15 aided space research and design of both air and space craft. (In 1962, Neil Armstrong, who would later go on to some fame flying a moon lander, flew and X-15 at 3,989 mph. In all, Armstrong flew 7 missions in the X-15 but it took a Saturn V rocket to get him into space.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

PS - On September 27, 1965, absolutely nothing happened.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were holding at 91 candles last night. Levels usually drop off on weekends, so let's see itf we can raise the totals on Monday. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1982, a 12 year old girl in Elk Grove Village, Illinois, took an Extra-Strength Tylenol capsule and died later that same day from cyanide poisoning. (Elk Grove is a western suburb of Chicago and is very close to the home office of The Pampered Chef.) In all, seven people would die from taking the tampered product, sending a shock wave across the country. Johnson & Johnson, makers of Tylenol, immediately recalled all Tylenol capsules and offered a $100,000 reward for information leading to the arrest of the Tylenol Terrorist. It was determined that the product had not been tampered with at the factory, meaning someone had taken the product from the shelf, injected the poison, and returned it to store shelves. The recall and relaunch of tamper-proof product cost Johnson & Johnson over $100 million and pundits said it would be the end of the line and the maker would never recover. The massive PR effort worked, however, and within a year, J&J's image was pretty much back to where it had been. The perpetrator was never caught and prompted all the tamper-proof packaging we are familiar with today.

...in 1547, near Madrid, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, El Príncipe de los Ingenios (The Prince of Wits) was born. Cervantes was the son of an apothocary and a minor noble. He tried his hand at many professions, he was a Spanish soldier that took three bullets in battle against the Turks, was kidnapped by Barbary pirates and held for ransom for five years, and was later jailed when his accounting was suspicious when acting as a tax collector. It was while in prison that he conceived the character, Don Quixote de la Mancha. His epic novel about the penniless idealist, Don Quixote, who lived by the code of the past, is considered to be the first modern Western novel. Originally thought just to be a satire, Don Quixote is actually a deep study of the human condition and is considered by many to be one of the greatest novels ever written. (The novel inspired the 1964 Broadway musical, Man of La Mancha that earned a Tony for Richard Kiley and featured the haunting melody, The Impossible Dream.)

...in 1954, in the 8th inning of Game 1 of the World Series between the New York Giants and Cleveland Indians, Vic Wertz hit a fly ball over 400 feet into center field. Running full speed, Willie Mays, the "Say Hey Kid" caught the ball over his shoulder, his back to the infield, robbing Wertz of an extra-base hit. He turned and fired the ball to the infield, preventing the runners from advancing and presevering a tie game. (The Giants would win the game and sweep the series.) It has been called the greatest catch in baseball history, and when asked about it, Mays said, "I don't rank 'em, I just catch 'em." It might not be the greatest ever, but since it was in New York, on television, and in the World Series, it does receive high praise. See it here on YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7dK6zPbkFnE).

...in 1988, a Portland, Oregon woman became the first American woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest. Stacy Allison reached the 29,035 foot peak, the highest point on earth, by following the southeast range route. The peak is part of the Himalayas in Asia between the Nepal and Tibet. It is called, "Chomo-Lungma" (Mother Goddess of the Land) by the Tibetians, sometimes shown as Mount Qomolangma. The Chinese argue the peak should no longer be called by its English name, as "Qomolangma" appeared on Chinese maps nearly 300 years ago. The English named it Everest after Sir George Everest, the British surveyor who mapped Asia in the 19th Century. Several failed attempts to climb Everest from the north were made in the 1920's and 30's but in 1950, the northern routes were closed after China took over Nepal. The first to reach the summit was New Zealand explorer, Edmund Hillary, along with Tenzeng Norgay of Nepal, in May 1953. [Editor's Note: This was 5-1/2 years after the birth of Hillary Rodham, and since no one knew who Hillary was before his ascent of Everest, makes her claim to have been named for him rather suspicious.] Stacy Allison was not the first woman to make the climb, but her achievement is still noteworthy as about two dozen people have perished trying to make the climb, 15 in 1996 alone, which inspired Jon Krakauer's book Into Thin Air.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Everest_kalapatthar_crop.jpg/300px-Everest_kalapatthar_crop.jpg
Mount Everest as seen from Nepal. Photo by Pavel Novak.

...in 1965, WLVT-TV (Ch 39) in Allentown, Pennsylvania (PBS) began broadcasting.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were up to 92 candles last night, up from the weekend but down from being up over 100 yesterday. Please, keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1955, James Dean died in his Porsche 550 Spyder, named Little Bastard, in a head-on collision. He was on his way to a race in Salinas, California with his mechanic, Rolf Wuetherich, when they collided with a car driven by Donald Turnaspeed, a college student. Dean was born in Marion, Indiana in 1931, studied drama at UCLA then moved to New York where he appeared in television productions. His break came in the movie, East of Eden when he reportedly beat out Paul Newman for the part of Cal Trask. Dean had starred in three films that were released in 1955, East of Eden, Rebel Without a Cause and Giant. He was nominated, posthumously, for two Academy Awards for East of Eden and Rebel Without a Cause. It was the first time an actor had been nominated posthumously for an Oscar. He is buried in Fairmount, Indiana where fans continue to visit his grave, 53 years after his death.

http://www.car-accidents.com/2007-crash-pics/james-dean-car-crash-07.jpg

...in 1927, Babe Ruth hit the 60th home run of his season, setting the Major League record that would stand until Roger Maris hit 61 in 1961.

...in 1954, the world's first nuclear submarine, the USS Nautilus was commissioned by the US Navy. The Nautilus was built under the watchful eye of Russian-born engineer, Hyman G. Rickover, who began work on nuclear powered submarines in 1947. The Nautilus was capable of long voyages while submerged and set numerous records, including being the first vessel to sail under the polar ice cap and over the North Pole. It was decommissioned in 1980 and is now on display at the Submarine Force Museum in Groton, Connecticut.

...in 1962, James H. Meredith was escorted by US Marshals on to the campus of the University of Mississippi, which set off a deadly riot. Two men died before the racial tensions were cooled by 3,000 federal troops. Meredith, an African American, enrolled and was accepted at Ol' Miss but the registration was revoked by the registrar when he learned of Meredith's race. The next day, the office was blocked by Mississippi Governor Ross Barnett. On Sept 28, Barnett was found guilty of contempt and was ordered to open the campus to Meredith, a transfer from Jackson State College. He graduated from Ol' Miss in 1963 with a degree in Political Science.

...in 1965, Don Drysdale, pitcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers, won his 13th straight game. He went 23-12 for the season, and during his 13 game winning streak, 7 were by shutouts.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[murkey]

I am new to the "family" and my heart aches for Paige and her family. Where are her kids right now so that I may pray for them?

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

You can see, and read, much of the story on the CBS News Website (http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=4158368n) that ran an episode of 48 Hours Mystery about Paige last June.

Her children were in the care of Paige's parents in Grand Junction until a magistrate ruled they should be with the father. The children are now in Pennsylvania with Rob Dixon.

[janetupnorth]

15 months and nothing...

:(

[chefsteph07]

Has there been any word on the remains that were found a few weeks ago?

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Genorscht.

You'll be the second to hear as soon as I do.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were back up to 111 candles at midnight, more of you are remembering to light up in honor of Paige. As always, a reminder that candles go out after 48 hours. Remember to keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1890, Congress passed legislation to create Yosemite National Park, at the urging of John Muir. The bill was signed by President Benjamin Harrison to create the third national park.

...in 1988, the Bradley Center opened in Milwaukee. Tough to believe it's 20 years old!

...in 1961, Roger Maris hit his 61st home run to break the 34 year old record set by Babe Ruth.

...in 1946, sentences were passed in the Nuremberg trials. 12 Nazis were sentenced to death, including Hermann Goering of the Gestapo. Others were sentence to prison for terms of 10 years to life. The tribunal was made up of representatives from the United States, USSR, France and Great Britain and lasted 10 months.

...in 1908, the car that put America on wheels was introduced, the Ford Model T. Ford Motor Company had used the alphabet to name their cars, beginning with the Model A in 1903. Affectionately known as the Tin Lizzie, the Model T was the brunt of many a joke and derogatory crack. (My grandfather once told my grandmother that her sewing machine made more noise than a Ford!) Just the same, Americans bought the car in huge numbers. Henry Ford controlled all production costs to keep the price down, in fact, to even lower prices, putting a Model T within the reach of most Americans. For example, Ford specified the dimensions of wooden crates that vendors used to ship parts to Ford. When emptied, the crates were knocked down and made into floorboards. 15,000,000 Model T's were built when production ended in 1927 when it was replaced, not by a Model U, but the Model A as Henry said the New Ford was so revolutionary that they wiped the slate clean and started over. But before that. the Model T ruled the American highway - Henry Ford would even go camping with his friends with a fleet of Model T's to haul the tents and supplies.

...in 1940, the first American superhighway opened in Pennsylvania, the Pennsylvania Turnpike. The route runs parallel to the Lincoln Highway (US 30) for much of the route. Skeptics were not impressed at the $70 million pricetag for the radical limited-access highway design, inspired by the German Autobahn, and for the many tunnels that were dug to eliminate the high summit crossings that sill remain on the Lincoln Highway. Critics derided the turnpike as a boondoggle. Despite the criticism, the Turnpike reduced travel time between Pittsburgh and Harrisburg by three hours and was a rousing success.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Pennsylvania_Turnpike_1942_LOC.jpg/800px-Pennsylvania_Turnpike_1942_LOC.jpg
The Pennsylvania Turnpike as it appeared in 1942

The Pennsylvania Turnpike was the first link in what would eventually become the Interstate Highway System, and it is still a vital transportation corridor between Ohio and New Jersey.

...in 1965, France performed an underground nuclear test at Ecker Algeria.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are holding at 111 candles. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours and keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1985, Hollywood icon and leading man, Rock Hudson, died of AIDS at the age of 59. Many of his fans were shocked to learn that Hudson's gay life had been so well covered up. Born Leroy Harold Schere, J. in Winnetka, Illinois on November 17, 1925, his career as a heartthrob lasted over 25 years. He was a staple of romantic comedies in the 1950's and 1960's, then was a great success on television with NBC's popular McMillan and Wife. In 1984, while working on the television show Dynasty he was diagnosed with AIDS. The disease was kept secret until July 25,1985 when Hudson announced his treatment from Japan, where he had gone to undergo experimental therapy.

...in 1962, Johnny Carson became the host of NBC's The Tonight Show. The show began in 1953 as a late night filler on the New York affiliate of NBC. The show later was fed to the network and was aired nationally in 1954. The host was Steve Allen, who placed more emphasis on comedy, including some great "Man on the street" bits with Tom Poston, Louis Nye, Dayton Allen and Don Knotts. (Dayton Allen was not related to Steve Allen, and was best known as a voice actor, as Phineas T. Bluster, Deputy Dawg and Heckyl and Jeckyl. You' might know him for saying, "Why Not?" in the form of "OOoooooooWhyyyyyyyy Nnnnnnnnnnnnnnottttt?") Steve Allen left the show in 1957, Jack Paar took over and made it into more of the talk format we know today. Paar was controversial, openly supported Fidel Castro and had a running battle with the NBC censors. After he was blipped out one time too many, he stomped out of the studio. Carson took over and never looked back, serving as the host for over 30 years.

...in 1836, Charles Darwin returned to Falmouth, England aboard the HMS Beagle after completing his five year mission to survey the Southern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. He visited Brazil, the Galapagos Islands and New Zealand. He surveyed flora and fauna of all kinds, and he compiled his knowledge into his book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or The Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. The work was eagerly accepted into the scientific community but not so warmly in the religious community. (That hasn't changed much since it was published in 1859.)

...in 1780, British Major John Andre was hanged as a spy by the US Military for his part in the Benedict Arnold case. Andre was captured with plans for West Point in his boot, that tied him to Arnold. Arnold, meanwhile, took off for the British lines after he learned of Andre's capture.

...in 1965, the Los Angeles Dodgers beat the Milwaukee Braves to clinch NL pennant. It was the last game the Milwaukee Braves would play before the bums were stolen by Atlanta.

That's it. That's all we know as of 11:31 PM, EDT 10/1/08.

Okay, okay, gimme a break. I'm going to bed early tonight.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 81 as of this posting. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1781, combined French and American forces at Glouster, Virginia, across the York River from Yorktown, where Lord Cornwallis was under siege. On September 28, 17,000 combined troops under the command of General George Washington and French General Marquis de Choisy on land and Admiral Count de Grasse arrived to encircle Cornwallis and lay siege. Up to this date, Conrwallis had access to Glouster, allowing foraging of plenty of food supplies. By capturing Glouster, the siege took full effect, forcing Corwallis to surrender two weeks later, effectively ending the Revolutionary War.

...in 1912, a professional automobile race was held in, and around, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin. The race is significant because it was the first time a Duesenberg powered race car won a race. Frederick and August Duesenberg, automotive engineers who had emigrated to Iowa from Germany, dreamed of building automobiles but especially racing vehicles. Winning the Pabst Blue Ribbon Trophy on this day was their goal. In 1921, a Duesenberg won the 24 hour race at Le Mans, France, then in the 1920's, they set their sites on Indianapolis, winning the Indy 500 in 1924, 1925 and 1927. In 1926, E.L. Cord bought Duesenberg Motors and began to build the finest and most luxurious automobiles in the world, at their factory in Auburn, Indiana. The Duesenberg Model J is considered by many to be the finest automobile ever built, and was the source of the phrase, "It's a Duesie!"

...in 1941, Sam Spade came to the silver screen in The Maltese Falcon with Humphrey Bogart portraying the hard-boiled private detective. Bogart was born in New York, the son of a surgeon, and he was following in his father's footsteps until he was thrown out of school for his bad behavior. He joined the navy and was injured in World War I. His upper lip was scarred and partially paralyzed, giving him the signature lisp that was a favorite of impressionists. In 1935, Leslie Howard starred in a gangster play on Broadway called The Petrified Forest. Bogart played the heavy, a gangster named Duke Manatee. Warner Brothers bought the rights and brought Howard to play the part with plans to recast someone in the Manatee role. Howard told the Warners it was no deal, he and Bogie was a package deal. Although Bogart was widely respected for the role, he was assigned small roles from then on. He worked for John Huston in High Sierra and Huston then cast him in The Maltese Falcon. Bogart never looked back, starring in such favorites as Casablanca, The Big Sleep and Key Largo. He then met Lauren Bacall on the set of To Have and Have Not where the two fell in love. The sizzling chemistry between them onscreen makes it one of his most memorable films. He finally won an Oscar for The African Queen. He died of cancer in 1957 but he remains a cult favorite.

...in 1863, President Abraham Lincoln proclaimed an official day of prayer and Thanksgiving on the fourth Thursday of November. In 1939, in an attempt to benefit merchants by extending the Christmas shopping period, FDR moved the holiday back one week. In 1941, FDR caved in to Congressional pressure to move it back. In the Bing Crosby-Fred Astaire movie, Holiday Inn, an animated turkey moves back and forth between the two dates, making fun of FDR's move of the holiday but the Friday after Thanksgiving remains the biggest shopping day of the year.

...in 1965, the Chicago Cubs tied a major league record by completing their third triple play of the season. The record for three in a season is shared by nine teams: 1882 Cincinnati Red Stockings
1885 New York Giants, 1886 Brooklyn Grays, 1890 Rochester Rochesters, 1911 Detroit Tigers, 1924 Boston Red Sox, 1964 Philadelphia Phillies, 1979 Boston Red Sox and, of course, the 1965 Chicago Cubs.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so the usual phrase repeats: No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 88 candles, going into the weekend, when numbers tend to drop off. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1927, Gutzon Borglum began to blast rock away from Mount Rushmore, the beginning of a 12 year project to carve George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt on the face of the mountain. The sculpture was the idea of Doane Robinson, a South Dakota historian who thought the monument might be a good way to attract more tourism. He sculpted Washington as an egg with a plan to add the features later. Jefferson was supposed to be to the right of Washington, but the sculpting did not go well. Jefferson was cracked, so he was blasted off the mountain and Borglum sculpted him to the left side. Washington was completed in 1934, Jefferson in 1936, Lincoln in 1938 and Teddy Roosevelt in 1939. The project cost taxpayers about $1 million, mostly in federal dollars. Borglum continued to touch up the sculpture until his untimely death in 1941. There were some injuries in the 14 year project but no fatalities. Over two million tons of rock was blasted away from the mountain known to the Lakota Sioux as Six Grandfathers. Most people are not aware that the sculpture was never completed as planned. The figures were supposed to be sculpted to their waists, and a vault was supposed to have been carved behind the monument, where the story of the sculpture, the history of the United States and the biographies of the four presidents and Borglum. His descendants completed a scaled down version of the vault in 1998.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Air_Force_One_over_Mt._Rushmore.jpg/250px-Air_Force_One_over_Mt._Rushmore.jpg
Air Force One Over Mount Rushmore

...in 1957, the Soviet Union launched an unmanned satellite, Sputnik I. The launch shocked Americans and they were infuriated that the United States would let the Russians take the lead in technology. The launch also indicated that the Soviet Union was capable of reaching United States soil with a nuclear warhead. The Democrats blasted the Eisenhower Administration (Republicans, of course) for letting the US fall behind the Soviets. Eisenhower had the US launch Explorer I the following January, making January 31, 1958 the official start of the space race. (There are some reports that Eisenhower knew the Soviets were ready to launch, and could have beaten the Russians into space. The idea was that Eisenhower knew what would happen and would give the United States space program far more popular support than if the Russians had not been first.)

...in 1955, Dem Bums finally won a World Series. When the Brooklyn baseball team began playing in the 19th Century, Brooklyn was a separate town, before it became a borough of New York City. Anyone from Brooklyn was referred to as a "trolley dodger" because of the criss-cross routes of streetcars there. The Polo Grounds even had tracks on either side of the stadium, so the team became known as the Trolley Dodgers, Soon the "Trolley" was dropped and Dem Bums have been the Dodgers ever since, even though they're in Los Angeles now. The Dodgers were called Dem Bums by the fans for years, probably because they lost the World Series to cross-town rivals, the Yankees, in 1941, 1947, 1949, 1952 and 1953. Dem Bums beat the Yankees in an exciting 7 game series that came right down to the wire. In fact, it was the only World Series the Brooklyn Dodgers won, because they lost in 1956, to the Yankees (of course) before moving to Los Angeles in 1957.

...in 1931, President Herbert Hoover convened a meeting of thirty US business leaders for advice on how to reverse the economy that was spiraling downward. The stock market had crashed in October of 1929, and by 1931, the downward spiral of business and banking had started the country on the way to what would be known as The Great Depression. Some people called Hoover a "do-nothing" President and blamed him for the crash and doldrums. The seeds of the crash had been planted at the end of World War I with the Treaty of Versailles, that placed crippling terms on Germany. The ripples ran throughout the world economy. Meanwhile, in the United States, the free flowing "Roaring 20's" included people borrowing large sums of money to speculate on stocks. When money became tight and loans were called in, many people were ruined. The markets dropped and the downward spiral continued. While Hoover could not have prevented nor caused the financial mess, the sitting President becomes the scapegoat. Franklin Delano Roosevelt easily beat Hoover in the 1932 election and ruled for an unprecedented 4 terms before his death in 1945.

...in 1965, the Soviet Union launched Lunik (Luna) 7 in an attempt to reach the moon. The goal of the mission was a soft landing on the moon, setting the way for a planned landing by a manned spacecraft. There was a problem with attitude control before the planned retro burn, and the craft plummeted to the moon's surface at a high rate of speed. It was the tenth in a streak of continuous failures in the Soviet lunar program.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/USSR_Luna_lander_bus.jpg
Soviet Lunar Lander

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so the usual phrase repeats: No news, no new developments. Of course, weekends are always slow for news but then, we've not heard anything new in a long time.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), there were 111 candles at the time of this post, not bad for a weekend, since Saturday morning, we had less than 80 lit. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1902, the King of Burgers was born in Des Plaines, Illinois. Ray Kroc was a natural salesman with a keen eye for an opportunity. After driving ambulances in World War I, Kroc came home to sell real estate and paper cups. In the 1930's, Kroc was intrigued by a machine that could make five milkshakes at a time, the Multimixer, and he bought the rights from the inventor to sell them. He was intrigued by a restaurant in California, owned by the McDonald brothers, that kept buying Multimixers. He went to California to see it for himself. He was stunned at the assembly line appearance of the restaurant, and how quickly people could be served. The McDonald brothers built a building with white and red tile, golden neon arches over the building, and large canted windows. He convinced the McDonald brothers to let him market and expand the operation, and he opened the second McDonald's in Des Plaines, Illinois in 1955. (It is still there, no longer in operation, but it is a corporate museum.) By 1961, there were 228 McDonald's and after tiring of constant squabbles with the McDonald brothers, Kroc bought them out. When he died in 1984, there were over 7,500 outlets and today, there are over 31,000 McDonalds restaurants around the world.

...in 1947, President Harry Truman made the first televised Presidential address from the White House. He was asking Americans to help conserve food so American food resources could be sent to Europe in the Marshall Plan. Television was not widespread in 1947, and there weren't that many sets out there in the world. (FDR was the first to appear on television, but not even close to being on television as President in 1929, as Joe Biden recently said. Herbert Hoover was President in 1929, but FDR was broadcast from the Worlds' Fair in 1939 in an experimental broadcast. Still, it was Harry Truman who first addressed the American people on television.)

...in 1969, a most embarrassing incident occurred at Homestead Air Force Base, near Miami, Florida. A Cuban defector, flying a Soviet made MiG-17, landed at Homestead in order to defect. It was an embarrassment to Cuba for losing an aircraft and a citizen. It was embarrassing for the Soviets to lose an aircraft. It was more embarrassing to the Air Force to let a Cuban military craft penetrate American air space, undetected, and land at an Air Base where Air Force One was on the tarmac, awaiting the return of President Nixon. A new radar tracking facility soon went on line at Homestead.

...in 1892, the notorious Dalton Gang made their last bank robbery attempt in Coffeyville, Kansas, when the townspeople stood up and shot back at them. The Daltons had led a life of crime that included cattle rustling and armed robbery of banks and trains. Emmet Dalton, the sole survivor of the ill-fated Coffeyville Raid, returned 40 years later to warn thieves not to bother with a life of crime. "The biggest fool on earth is the one who thinks he can beat the law, that crime can be made to pay. It never paid and it never will and that was the one big lesson of the Coffeyville raid," Dalton said there.

...in 1965, Chuck Linster, of Chicago, set a world record when he performed 6,006 consecutive push-ups.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so the usual phrase repeats: No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), sadly, we are holding at 105 candles, pretty good for the end of a weekend. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1866, an innovation in crime was developed by Frank, William, Simeon and John Reno of Indiana. The Reno brothers were the first crooks to stop a moving train for the purpose of robbing it. They were all captured in 1868 but came to a sad end. Vigilantes stormed the jail and just outside Seymour, Indiana, they were hung. Three days later, the rest of the gang was lynched from the same tree, in a place now known as Hangman Crossing, Indiana. (It's an unincorporated town on US 50 about 3 miles Southwest of Seymour.) Robbing a moving train was such an innovation that many others tried it, including a former cattle rustler who made train robbery into his specialty - Butch Cassidy and The Wild Bunch. Eventually, the railroads began to fight back, starting with safes ("Think ya used enough dynamite thar, Butch?") and armed guards, even specially armored rail cars.

...in 1926, Babe Ruth hit three home runs in the fourth game of the World Series against the St. Louis Cardinals. (In 1928, Ruth hit three home runs in the fourth game of the World Series against those same Cardinals.) Despite having a lineup that included the "Murder's Row" of Lou Gehrig, Earle Combs and The Babe, the Cardinals, powered by their own stars of Rogers Hornsby, Flint Rehm and Bill Sherdel, won the series in seven games. In 1977, Reggie "Mr. October" Jackson, also a Yankee, became the second man to hit three home runs in a World Series game.

...in 1926, the Auburn Cord Duesenberg began operation as E.L. Cord bought the Dueenberg Automobile Company of Iowa. A few days ago, we read about the engineering expertise of Fred Duesenberg, a German born emmigrant who loved designing large, powerful engines. Duesenberg powered race cars won the Indianapolis 500 in 1924 and 1925, after winning the 24 hour Leans race in 1921. ACD built the Duesenberg J, still thought of as one of the finest automobiles ever built.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Model_A/Clark_Gable_and_his_1935_Duesenberg.jpg
Clark Gable with one of two Duesenbergs he reportedly owned

...in 1959, the movie Pillow Talk opened, the first of three romantic comedies starring Rock Hudson and Doris Day. A popular singer with big bands, Day got her Hollywood break when she was called to replace Betty Hutton in the 1949 film, Romance on the High Seas. She was very popular and starred in dozens of films including Please Don't Eat The Daisies, Pajama Game and Hitchcock's The Man Who Knew Too Much with James Stewart. Day did not want to record Que Sera, Sera as a single, dismissing it as "...a silly children's song." She relented to record it, though, and it went on to win the Oscar for best song and the largest selling record of her career. Rock Hudson? You read about him on the October 2 update.

...in 1966, the breeder demonstration nuclear reactor at Fermi Laboratory in Monroe, Michigan, had a near meltdown. A sodium cooling system malfunction caused the partial meltdown. The accident was attributed to a zirconium fragment that obstructed a flow-guide in the sodium cooling system. Two of the 105 fuel assemblies melted during the incident, but no contamination was recorded outside the containment vessel.

...in 1965, the Supremes released I Hear a Symphony on the Motown label. It reached #1 on the Billboard chart for two weeks in November, 1965.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we climbed back over 100 candles yesterday, but we were back down to 95 candles as of this post. Remember that candles go out after 48 hours and keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1913, Highland Park, Michigan was the location of the first automotive assembly line. Some time before that, Charles "Cast Iron Charlie" Sorensen tied a rope loop to a Model T chassis, looped it over his shoulders, and bulled the chassis across the floor as workers added parts to it, to see how an assembly line might work. Ford began to build magnetos on a moving assembly line instead of one man building one magneto. The line reduced assembly time from over 20 minutes down to five minutes. When the assembly line began building cars in 1913, assembly time of a Model T dropped from 12-1/2 hours to less than six hours. The result was also a lower-priced Model T, achieving Henry Ford's goal of building a car for the great multitude. When the Ford Motor Company was producing a Model T every 24 seconds, the price dropped to $290. 15 million Model T's were built between October 1908 and May 1927, when it was discontinued. Today, the assembly line is a common sight but in 1913, it was a revolution.

...in 1949, the states of Germany that were trapped in the Soviet occupation zone, became the Democratic Republic of Germany. Neither democratic, nor a republic, the puppet state became better know as simply, East Germany. Otto Grotewohl was the Prime Minister and Wilhem Peck was the first President. East Germany was comprised of the states of Brandenburg, Lusatia, Thuringa and Saxony. The city of Berlin remained divided between east and west, even though it was deep inside East Germany. In some circles, East Germany was best known for some of the strongest, fastest and suspiciously un-feminine athletes in world competitions and the Olympics. The country ceased to exist in 1990 when the Soviet Union dissolved and the states of East Germany were reunited with West Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany.

...in 1982, Cats opened on Broadway, based on stories by T.S. Elliot's Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats with music by Andrew Lloyd-Webber and lyrics by Trevor Nunn. (It opened on London's West End on May 11, 1981.) During its Broadway record run of 7,485 performances (it closed on September 10, 2000) it grossed over $400 million and played to over10 million people. (The record was surpassed on January 10, 2006 by another well-loved Andrew Lloyd-Webber play, The Phantom of the Opera. The only number out of Cats that is even close to being a memorable and singable tune is Memories. The cast list reads with some interesting names, like Asparagus, Grizabella, Bustopher Jones, Rumpleteazer and (one of my favorites) Mungonjerrie.

...in 1965, during a high wind, Robert Mitera hit a drive on the 10th hole of Omaha, Nebraska's Miracle Hills golf course. The ball got up into the wind and was carried 447 yards to the green where it fell into the cup. It was the longest hole-in-one ever recorded.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, no news.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we had 103 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

On This Day In History

The Great Fires of 1871

What what the worst fire disaster in American history? I'll give you a hint, it happened on this date, October 8, 1871. If you were to say the Great Chicago Fire, you would be wrong.

While the Chicago fire was a terrible disaster in terms of property loss, it also is proof of what good PR and a sympathetic media can do. There were no fewer than five major fires that fateful night, in Chicago, Wisconsin and Michigan. Some of them would burn out on October 9 and at least one would continue to burn for more than a week. When the conflagrations were over, businesses were ruined, thousands were left homeless, millions of acres of prime forestland was destroyed and more than 3,000 people perished, perhaps even more.

Conditions for disaster were perfect. It was a drought Summer and on the evening of October 8, a low pressure system over the central portion of the United States pushed southerly winds upward over Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan, sweeping fires northward and acting as bellows, fanned the flames to intense temperatures, in excess of 2000º in many places.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/WER2002-10.jpg
Courtesy: Deana C. Hipke. The Great Peshtigo Fire of 1871. (http://www.peshtigofire.info/)

So, Sunday, October 10, 1871...

...in Chicago, a fire began in the home of Patrick and Catherine O'Leary at 137 DeKoven Street in Chicago. Popular legend has it that the fire started in O'Leary's barn when a cow kicked over a kerosene lantern, but there is no evidence to support the legend. The fire was contained primarily to the area that would later be known as The Loop, although it did jump the Chicago River and destroyed much of the city. The fire consumed 17,450 structures including homes and businesses. The Great Chicago Fire caused about $200 million in property loss and caused the ruination of fire insurance providers. Surprisingly, 250 persons perished in the fire, the death toll could have been much higher in a fire of such intensity. (Interesting sidebar: The first building to be rebuilt in downtown Chicago was a department store, built by Marshall Field who began construction before all the ashes were cool. The store still stands and is still in business, but for reasons I will never understand, has been renamed "Macy's." I will never, ever, set foot in a Macy's department store.)

...in Eastern Michigan, fires in the "thumb" of Lower Michigan, in Huron, Sanilac and Tuscola Counites, destroyed the towns of Grindstone City, Huron City, Port Hope and White Rock. The Huron Fires destroyed over 40 square miles and killed over 50 people.

...in Southwestern Michigan, fires raged around the city of Holland, Michigan and late that night, hurricane force winds, caused by the fires themselves (see Peshtigo Fire, below) moved into the city. Between 1 and 3 AM on October 9, most of the city of Holland was destroyed. 210 homes, 90 businesses, 5 churches, 3 hotels and boats were lost in the fire. Those who were covered by insurance never collected as most insurance companies were ruined by the weenie roast in Chicago. Miraculously, only one person died in the fire, an elderly widow.

...in Northwestern Michigan, fires surrounding the logging town of Manistee, Michigan, were whipped into firestorms by the same predominantly southern winds that affected the other fires in Michigan's Lower Peninsula and on the west shores of Lake Michigan. Manistee was perfectly prepared for disaster in the drought conditions, with stacks of wood on the docks, awaiting shipment. The town had many huge lumberyards with mountains of sawdust that were a result of sawyer operations. The winds whipped the fires into firestorms that, in turn, were whipped into greater winds caused by the great heat. Over 1,000 citizens were left homeless. Unlike the other fires that were blocked by large bodies of water, the Manistee fire burned out of control and headed east across Michigan, destroying well over 2 million acres of forest land. It left hundreds of people homeless and killed over 200 people before it was brought under control and extinguished on October 19.

...in Peshtigo, Wisconsin, the worst fire in North American history (http://www.peshtigofire.info/) occured. Today it is remembered as the Peshtigo Fire, but when it was all over, it had destroyed 1.5 million acres (that's 2400 square miles) in northeastern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, all property in the path of the fire and an unknown total of dead, estimated between 1,200 and 2,400 souls that perished in the fire. The death toll is unknown because there were so many itinerent lumberjacks and native Americans in the area, as well as numerous homesteaders that were not recorded after the census of 1870.

Conditions were perfect for a disaster, it was a dry summer with drought conditions. The last rain had been recorded on September 5 but was just a trace. No one is really sure how the fire started, but the area had been logged using a method called "slash and burn" where everything is clear- cut and the remains were burned in bonfires. Because of the dry conditions, crews building the Chicago and Northwestern Railway line to Michigan walked off the job for lack of drinking water. No matter how it started, several small fires were fanned by prevailing winds from the south, pushing the fires northward. Temperatures reached over 2000º causing updrafts, literally, fire tornadoes. Survivors reported seeing funnels of fire carrying debris, structures, houses and even railroad cars into the sky. Hurricane force winds were caused by the intense heat which, in turn, whipped the fire into an even hotter inferno, even carrying it across Green Bay, starting fires on the Door County peninsula.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/WER2002-08.jpg
Courtesy: Deana C. Hipke. The Great Peshtigo Fire of 1871. (http://www.peshtigofire.info/)

The citizens of Peshtigo and all the other communities in the path of the fire were helpless against the conflagration and it was nature that ultimately fought the fire. The fires quickly burned out the available oxygen in the atmosphere, sucking cool, fresh air down from Canada. The resulting torrents forced the fire back on to itself, driving it eastward, toward Lake Michigan. Since the fire had already consumed everything, there was nothing left for fuel when it reached the shores of Lake Michigan and it just died out.

Those who survived did so by climbing into the Peshtigo River or other bodies of water, but not everyone survived, many drowned. Others suffocated because the fire consumed all available oxygen. Bodies that were located were buried in a mass grave because either the bodies were burned beyond recognition or because so many people perished that there wasn't really anyone left to make identifications. The incredible heat produced by the fire left several strange remnants; like the brass bell that hung in the firehouse that melted in the intense heat. Railroad cars were completely destroyed, only the iron trucks were left and those were partially melted. The largest structure in Peshtigo had been a factory dedicated to the manufacture of wooden spoons, it was a five story affair, built with stone and masonry, said to be fireproof. It was reduced to rubble. At the hardware store, spoons were melted together into one solid mass.

It was the largest fire in American history, causing the greatest death toll and destroying the most property. Why is Chicago remembered but not Peshitgo? Chicago had newspaper reporters and access to telegraph to spread the story. Peshtigo had one telegraph line, and it was an early victim of the fire. It was forgotten for decades, except in Wisconsin, but the Peshtigo Fire is experiencing renewed interest as scholars are using modern technology to determine how it started and why it was so devastating.

The following verses appeared in the Marinette Eagle on October 4, 1895:

On swept the tornado, with maddening rush,
Uprooting the trees o'er the plain, thro' the brush,
And the sky-leaping flames, with hot, scorching breath,
Gathered parents and children to the harvest of death.

As years roll along and the ages have sped
O'er the charred, blackened bones of the Peshtigo dead,
And the story is told by the pen of the sage,
In letter's immortal on history's page.
No fancy can compass the horror and fright,
The anguish and woe of that terrible night.

http://www.peshtigofire.info/images/museum1.JPG
The fire is commemorated at the Peshitgo Fire Museum in Peshitgo, Wisconsin, in the first church rebuilt after the fire.
Courtesy: Deana C. Hipke. The Great Peshtigo Fire of 1871. (http://www.peshtigofire.info/)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/1871_FireMapv2.jpg

There were lots of other things that happened on this date, including Alvin C. York single-handedly capturing 132 Germans soldier in 1918 during World War I, Aleksander Solzhenitsyn was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1970, in 1956, Don Larsen threw a perfect game in the World Series and in 1965, the BT Tower opened in London, the tallest building in England at the time. As important as those events were, they pale in comparison to the Great Fires of 1871.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so the usual phrase repeats: No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we seem to be holding right around 100 candles, 92 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1635, Roger Williams was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for having the audacity to speak out against the ruling authority for punishing religious complaints and confiscating the lands of Native Americans. Having befriended the Naragansett Tribe, Williams moved and founded a new colony at the confluence of two rivers that emptied into Naragansett Bay. Several disgruntled colonists went with him, and seeing this as a sign from God, Williams named the new community "Providence." The new colony of Rhode Island became a haven for dissidents like Williams, along with the first Jews to settle in North America, Quakers and others who were exiled from Massachusetts. Williams also founded the first Baptist church and wrote a dictionary of Native American languages.

...in 1942, Roger "The Terrible" Touhy escaped from the prison where he had been a guest of the State of Illinois. The bootlegger had been framed for a kidnapping by members of the Capone organization with the help of officials who were on the take. Touhy was the son of a cop and ran a trucking company that fell on hard times in the depression. He realized he could make a pretty good living by brewing beer and using his trucks to deliver it. He was in the suburbs, but Al Capone wanted in on his action. Touhy was one of the few independents who refused to be intimidated by Capone. He was convicted of the phoney kidnapping after being arrested by Daniel "Tubbo" Gilbert, the richest cop in the world. Touhy escaped but was soon recaptured. New evidence and a new trial released him from prison, but he died of gunshot wounds not long after being released. His last words were, "I've been expecting it. The bastards never forget." No arrests were ever made in his murder. Touhy Avenue in Chicago is not named for him, it was named for the developer of Rogers Park, who may or may not be related to Roger Touhy.

...in 1974, Oskar Schindler passed away. He was a member of the Nazi Party during World War II and owned am enamel-works factory in Poland. When the Jewish ghetto was liquidated and all Jews were to be shipped to concentration camps, Schindler presented a list to Nazi officials of 1,200 Jews that were essential to his operation. The Nazis transferred the people on the list to the forced labor camp at Plaszow, saving his labor force but, more importantly, saving those people from the death camps. In 1944, as the Nazis were retreating, the 1,200 were ordered to be shipped to the death camp at Auschwitz. Schindler, once again, appealed to the Nazi leaders, and at great personal risk, bribed the officials to allow him to relocate his factory to Czechoslovakia and take his 1,200 Jewish workers with him. At the end of the war, he was penniless but saved the 1,200 people from certain death. Thomas Keneally met a survivor and supporter of the Schindlerjuden ("Schindler's Jews,") Poldek Pfefferberg, and wrote a book based on Pfefferberg's story. The book was entitled Schindler's Ark which would later be renamed Schindler's List. Pfeffenberg had been trying to interest television and filmmakers in the story, but to no avail until Keneally published his book, ironically, published as a novel. Steven Spielberg told the story in his 1993 groundbreaking film, Schindler's List. After the theatrical run, NBC ran Schindler's List uninterupted, sponsored by Ford Motor Company. (The irony is that old Henry Ford had been a noted anti-semite, a position he recanted during World War II. Henry Ford died in 1947.) Schindler lived in Frankfurt after the war, all but destitute. No one knows what influenced him to save the 1,200 Jews, other than knowing them and appreciating them as people. He was often hissed at on the street as a traitor to his race. Oskar Schindler was commemorated as a "Righteous Person" at the Yad Vashem Holocaust Museum in Jerusalem, the only Nazi to be so recognized. He is buried in a Catholic cemetery on Mount Zion in Israel. (Oskar Schindler, nor any of his business ventures, are related to the Schindler Group, the huge Swiss conglomerate that includes Schindler Elevator in the United States.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/df/Oskar_Schindler.jpg
Oskar Schindler 1908-1974

...in 1992, a great meteor was observed by thousands of people as it streaked across Kentucky, West Virginia, Pennsylvania and New York before it crashed into the trunk of a 1980 Chevrolet Malibu, owned by Mrs. Michelle Knapp of Wells Street in Peekskill, NY. How would you like to have been able to listen in on that call to the insurance adjuster?

http://www.todayinsci.com/Events/Meteor/MeteoritePeekskillCarThm.jpg
The Chevy Malibu that took the meteorite hit has toured the US, Germany, Switzerland, France and Japan.

...in 1930, Laura Ingalls landed in Glendale, California, completing the first solo transcontinental flight by a woman. Laura Ingalls? Yup, but not the one you're thinking of. This one was a record-setting aviator in the 1930's. She even served time for failing to register as a German agent during WWII, most certainly not the Little House Ingalls that lived in Wisconsin, Minnesota, South Dakota, Florida and Missouri.

...in 1965, the Beatles' single, [i]Yesterday[i] went to #1 on the Billboard chart and stayed there for four weeks.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we fell to 68 candles, the lowest it has been in quite some time. Remember, keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 732, near Poitiers, France, Charles Martel led the Frankish army against the Spainish Moors, halting the Muslim advance into Europe. Abd-ar-Rahman, the Muslim governor of Cordoba, died in the battle and as a result, the Moors retreated from Gaul, never returning as a large force. Martel was Catholic and an illegitimate son of Pepin, the ruler of the Franks. Pepin died in 714 with no heir, but Martin beat out Pepin's three grandsons to rule over the Franks. He expanded the Franks influence and drove out the Muslims. His son, named Pepin, became the first Carilingian king of the Franks while his grandson, Charlamagne (Karl der Grosse if you happen to be a German historian) built a vast empire across Europe. Charlamagne is considered, by some, to be the first king of what would become modern Europe.

...in 1991, Joseph Harris, a former US Postal Service worker, went into the post office in Ridgewood, New Jersey where he shot two former co-workers to death. The previous evening, he had gone into the home of his former supervisor, Carol Ott, where he had stabbed her to death with a three foot long Samuri sword, then killed her fiance, Cornelius Kasten. After a stand off at the post office, he surrendered to police. The high profile incident was one of several disgruntled postal workers who turned to violence, adding the phrase, "going postal" to the American lexicon. In a ten year run from 1983 to 1993, there were no fewer than 11 violent rampages in United States Postal Service facilities. The worst was in Edmonton, Oklahoma where Pat Sherril killed 14 postal workers before he shot and killed himself.

...in 1901, history was made in Grosse Pointe, Michigan. The Detroit Racing Club sponsored a race at the Grosse Pointe Race Track, with three entrants. One withdrew, the second was Henry Ford, entering his first race, and the third entrant was Alexander Winton. Winton had been building and selling automobiles from his factory in Cleveland, Ohio since 1897. He was widely known, in fact, the award for first place in this race was a crystal punchbowl that Winton had designed because "...it will fit into my collection at home." Three laps into the ten lap race, the Winton car began to smoke and was forced out of the race. Ford continued to run alone, completing the 10 lap race as the sole winner. It was reported that he jumped down from the car and said, "Well, I'm never going to do that again! I've never been so scared in my life." The nortoriety that he gained from the race allowed him to form the Ford Motor Company in 1903. (Winton continued to build automobiles, in fact, a Winton was the first car to complete a transcontinental drive in 1903, driven by Dr. Horatio Nelson Jackson. Winton stopped building automobiles in 1924 but continued to build stationary engines. Winton's company was absorbed into the EMD division of General Motors and still operates today.) How different the world might be if the Winton automobile had not broken down in the race that was held on this date in 1901.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Model_A/sweep.jpg
One of two replicas of Henry Ford's racing car, built for the Ford Centenial in 2003.

...in 1957, Bushville beat the Bronx Bombers to win the World Series. The Milwaukee Braves were not well respected, Milwaukee having been called Bushville by some of the New York Yankees, scornful of having to go to a small, midwestern town to play such an important series. The Yankees were managed by the legendary Casey Stengel, and manned by stars like Elston Howard, Yogi Berra and Mickey Mantle, even Tony Kubek who hailed from Appleton, Wisconsin. The Braves, however, had Lew Burdette, Warren Spahn, Bob Buhl, and a young outfielder named Henry Aaron, who had hit 44 home runs that year. When Spahn, scheduled to pitch the 7th game, came down with flu, Lew Burdette pitched the game on two days rest. Burdette was the series MVP, the first pitcher to be so honored since 1920, for winning three games in the seven game series. Opponents said that Burdette threw illegal spitballs. Burdette was known for fidgeting, touching his hat and face so much that Manager Fred Haney said, "He could make coffee nervous." No one was ever able to prove that Burdette doctored baseballs, but he continued his career, and was quite effective, well into the 1960's.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Model_A/bfdf_1.jpg

...in 1965, the "Vinland Map" was introduced by Yale University as being the 1st known map of America. It is believed to have been drawn about 1440 by the Norse explorer, Leif Eriksson. The debate continues as to whether the map is a fake or the real McCoy, or real Eriksson, as it were.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so the usual phrase repeats: No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), sadly, we were down into the 60's yesterday but back up to 89 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1923, three men jumped an engineer as a Southern Pacific train entered a tunnel, ordering the train to stop. A third man, carrying explosives to blow up the mail car for the purpose of robbing it, also climbed aboard. It was too powerful, though, and the mail car was blown to pieces. ("Think ya used enough dynamite, thar, Butch?") The explosion also killed the clerk inside, so the robbers shot and killed the engineer, fireman and brakeman before they fled. They left clothing and a detonator but bloodhounds were unable to track them. The SPRR called on Edward O. Heinrich, a real life Sherlock Holmes. He examined the clothes and determined that pine pitch was what police had taken for grease. He figured the wear on a button was caused by a left handed wearer. He also found a piece of paper than was part of a receipt - and he traced it all back to three brothers, twins Ray and Roy D'Autremont and Hugh, their little brother. All were arrested and sentenced to life in prison. It was one of 2,000 cases solved by Heinrich.

...in 1944, the Bogart and Bacall film, To Have and Have Not opened in New York. Bogart was a popular actor, mostly known for playing hard-boiled characters like Sam Spade and Rick Blaine. Lauren Bacall was a new actress, 25 years younger than Bogart. Chemistry knows no age, though, and the two fell in love instantly. The electricity between them shows up onscreen, making To Have and Have Not on of Bogart's more interesting films. ("You do know how to whistle, don't you? Just pucker up and blow.")

...in 1939, the American Federation of Labor (AFL) announced that it was in opposition to American involvement in Europe. It wasn't really a surprise, most Americans were against the war and against US involvement, even President Roosevelt wished to remain neutral. The AFL was also announced a boycott of products from German, Japanese and Russian products.

...in 1942, while the battle for Guadalcanal raged on, the American navy spotted a Japanese fleet on its way to reinforce their troops on Guadalcanal. The Marines landed in August in the first offensive assault of the war, embarking on the strategy of island-hopping to the Japanese homeland. The Japanese were dug into the island and continued harassing the Marines who were also facing dwindling supplies. The Japanese, meanwhile, were bringing in supplies and reinforcements at night, using something the Marines called "The Tokyo Express." The US Navy sank the cruiser Furutaka and three destroyers. The Japanese sailors refused to be rescued by the Americans, preferring the honorable death by shark to capture by the enemy. As the Navy continued to harass the Japanese, not many supplies or reinforcements made it to the island, and by Christmas, 1942, they left the island in defeat.

...in 1965, Chris Spielman was born in Canton, Ohio. He was a stand-out high school football player, heavily recruited by colleges but chose Ohio State. He was drafted by the Detroit Lions and also played for the Buffalo Bills and Cleveland Browns before retiring. He took off the entire season in 1999, to stay home with his children while his wife, Stephanie, was treated for breast cancer - even shaving his head to match her hair loss. Today, he hosts a local radio show, covers football for ESPN and he and Stephanie raise money for the Stephanie Spielman Fund for Breast Cancer Research.

That's it. That's all we know as of 1:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so the usual phrase repeats: No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), there were 105 candles as of this post, after reaching a high of 109 on Saturday. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1492, Christopher Columbus arrived in the new world. He was the ultimate politician: When he left Europe, he had no idea where he was going. When he arrived, he had no idea where he was. When he returned, he had no idea where he had been - and he made the entire trip with someone else's money.

...in 1810, Princess Therese von Sachsen-Hildburghausen married Bavarian Crown Prince Louis. The royal family invited the citizens of Bavaria to the celebration, held on the fields in front of the palace called, "Theresenwiese" (Therese's Fields) for the crown princess. (Today, the fields are just called "Wies'n.") The party included horse races, and it was so much fun that the party repeated the following year, and every year since then. Since there was only one wedding, the party became known as "Octoberfest" and is held each year from late September through the first Sunday in October. Of course, the guest of honor is bier, with over 1,000,000 gallons of suds consumed annually.

...in 1918, The Cloquet-Moose Lake fire raged through upper Minnesota, destroying 1,500 acres of forest and leaving thousands homeless. The area, north of Duluth, was all set for a disaster. It was a driught year and the land had been cleared by loggers. (You'd think they would have learned from the clear-cut program that was part of the fire that destroyed Peshtigo, Wisconsin almost exactly 47 years earlier.) 38 towns and villages were burned, 453 deaths were reported and 85 were seriously injured. 6,000 barns, 4,000 homes and at least 40 schools went up in flames. The fire caused about $100 million in damage to the area.

...in 1938, production began on the MGM blockbuster The Wizard of Oz. The production was fraught with issues, starting with Sam Goldwyn first wanting Shirley Temple for the role of Dorothy. Shirley Temple's stock had been plummeting, so Judy Garland was given the role - she was the lowest paid of the performers and yet, was the star of the story. Buddy Ebsen, better known as Jed Klampett and Barnaby Jones, was a well-known hoofer who was given the role of The Tin Man, but an allergic reaction to the silver makeup almost killed him. It was released in 1939 to rave reviews (after its world premier in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin) and is still one of the top selling videos in the United States. It ranks 6th in the AFI's listing of America's top 100 films.

...in 1940...silent film cowboy star, Tom Mix, died in a freak car accident in Arizona. While driving a 1937 Cord 812 Phaeton on US 80, a straight desert road, Mix came upon barricades, warning of a bridge washout over a gully. Witnesses reported he was unable to stop in time. When the car impacted the the gully, his head was crushed by an aluminum suitcase that flew off the rear seat. The site is today on Arizona State 79, and the gully is called Tom Mix Wash. Mix appeared in 360 films between 1910 and 1935, most were westerns and all but 9 were silent. He was noted for his unique style hat.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Tommixportrait.jpg/180px-Tommixportrait.jpg
Tom Mix, circa 1925

...in 2000, members of Osama bin Laden's al Qaeda floated a rubber boat, loaded with explosives, up the side of the USS Cole in Yemen. When the smoke cleared, the Cole had a 40' x 40' hole blown in the side and seventeen sailors were dead. Al Qeada was at war with us, but we didn't know it, and didn't learn from this suicide bombing.

...in 2002, terrorists killed 202 people in Bali as a result of several bomb blasts. The mostly Hindu island has always been an island of tranquility and this was a surprise on many levels. A group called Jemaah Islamiah is thought to be behind the bombing, and the group is known to have ties to al Qaeda.

...in 1965, Per Borton became the Prime Minister of Norway. Borten was born in Flå in the municipality of Melhus in Sør-Trøndelag, and was educated Agriculturist from the Norwegian College of Agriculture in 1939. He started his political career serving as mayor of his home municipally, Flå, from 1945 to 1955. He was elected to the Norwegian parliament in 1949 and stayed there until his retirement in 1977. Borton was opposed to Norway joining the European Union.

That's it. That's all we know as of 1:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we shot up to over 120 candles on Sunday, there were 117 candles as of this post.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1845, the majority of citizens of the Republic of Texas approved a new constitution that allowed Texas to give up its independence to become the 28th state of the union. Texas had declared its independence from Mexico in 1836 with an eye towards joining the United States. The country was in great turmoil at the time, however, and as much as some wished to see the huge republic become a state, others saw it as a huge slave state and blocked statehood. In 1844, however, James K. Polk won the presidential election, one plank of his platform was statehood for Texas, and most people expected Texas to become a state after his innauguration. Lame duck President John Tyler called for Congress to allow Texas to join the union, though, and he usurped Polk by signing the statehood bill on December 29, 1845. Mexico did not want to lose its valuable former colony and threatened military action, saying Texas statehood was an act of war. Within a year, Mexico and the United States were, in fact, at war.

...in 1812, Sir Isaac Brock commanded forces of British and Indian forces defeated the American army under General Stephan Van Rensselaer at the Battle of Queenstown Heights, Ontario. More than 1,000 Americans were captured or killed, effectively ending the American invasion of Canada and preventing the United States from actually having 57 states.

...in 1775, the Continental Congress established an American naval force and later appointed Esek Hopkins as the first commander. His fleet consisted of seven ships, two frigates, two brigs, and three schooners. Some of the names are not too familiar, such as the Fly, Alfred and Columbus but others are familiar names of naval history, Andrea Doria, Cabot, Hornet and Wasp. Hopkins (his brother, Stephan, signed the Declaration of Independence) did not follow orders sent by Congress and wound up being blockaded in Naragansett Bay. He was removed as Commodore in 1777. The greatest naval hero of the Revolutionary War, John Paul Jones, left for France when the navy was disbanded after the Revolution. The navy was officially re-established, permanantly, with the creation of the Department of the Navy in 1798.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/h85750kt.jpg
Esek Hopkins, First US Naval Commodore

...in 1965, Congo President Joseph Kasavubu fires Prime Minister Moise Tshombe and forms a provisional government, with Evariste Kimba in a leading position.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Monday kept up the weekend's usual slow news days - no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were up over 125 candles yesterday, but last night, we are back down to 114 candles. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1912, former President Theodore Roosevelt was campaigning for a third term as the candidate for the Progressive Party, better known as the Bull Moose Party. He was about to give a campaign speech at the Gilpatrick Hotel in Milwaukee, Wisconsin when he was approached by John Schrank, a saloon keeper. Shrank pointed a .32 directly at Roosevelt's heart and fired. The bullet did penetrate Roosevelt's body, but at low velocity as its path was blocked by a glasses case and the thick manuscript of Roosevelt's speech! When asked why he shot, Shrank reportedly said, "Anyone who tries to run for a third term ought to be shot." Roosevelt, meanwhile, pulled out his bloodied script and said, "It takes more than one bullet to kill a Bull Moose!" He went on to deliver the speech with the bullet still lodged in his chest. The Republican Party was badly fractured that year between supporters of the incumbent President Taft and those who supported Roosevelt. When the smoke cleared, Democrat Woodrow Wilson won the election in the electoral college but only had 42% of the popular vote. (Sound familiar?)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/President_Theodore_Roosevelt%2C_1904.jpg/225px-President_Theodore_Roosevelt%2C_1904.jpg
President Theodore Roosevelt

...in 1857, Elwood Haynes was born in Portland, Indiana. A trained engineer and chemist, he built an automobile in 1894 and drove it through Kokomo on Independence Day. (The car is now on display at the Smithsonian Institution as the oldest extant American automobile.) He partnered with brothers Elmer and Edward Apperson to build Haynes-Apperson Automobiles in Kokomo, one of many brands of automobiles that were built in Indiana's pioneer automobile industry. A Hayes-Apperson was purchased by William Kjellman of Mount Horeb, Wisonsin in 1899, the first automobile sold in Wisconsin.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/haynes_apperson0201.jpg
1902 Haynes-Apperson

...in 1899, the Literary Digest proclaimed that the horseless carriage would never be within the purchase range of the average family, and therefore, automobiles would never be as popular or as common as the bicycle. Oops.

...in 1962, high altitude photographs taken from a U-2 spyplane confirmed that Soviet mid-range and short-range strategic missiles were being installed on the island of Cuba. Relations between the Soviet Union and the United States had been tense since Francis Gary Powers had been captured after his U-2 was shot down over the Soviet Union at the end of the Eisenhower Administration. The Kennedy Administration didn't do much better, as President John F. Kennedy had botched the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba in 1961 in an attempt to start a counter-insurgency to overthrow Fidel Castro. The discovery of the Soviet missiles in Cuba, just 90 miles from Florida, set off a chain of events that would bring the world to the brink of nuclear war as Soviet Premier Krushchev and President Kennedy played a game of chicken with nuclear missiles. In the end, the missiles were removed from Cuba in exchange for the US pulling missiles out of Turkey. When it was over, a "hotline" was installed, a direct line from Washington to Moscow, to facilitate a more immediate form of communication between the two world leaders.

...in 1965, Joseph H. Engle, who would later command the space shuttle, flew the X-15 (we read about it on September 28) to a height of 50.4 miles, meaning that he had become an official astronaut, as the United States Air Force considered the altitude of 50 miles as the boundary of space. While the X-15 never achieved the altitude reached by Alan Shepherd (161 miles) there was talk of building an X-15B that would be designed, like the X-15, to be dropped from a B-52 but aimed for extended space flight. The Air Force also planned a space vehicle in the early 1960's to fly into space and return to earth, similar to the ultimate space shuttle except it would take off an land like conventional aircraft. Once project Mercury was announced, the X-15B and space planes were scrapped. Mercury capsules were launched on Redstone rockets, which were basically an improved design of the WWII German V-2 rockets, designed by Werner von Braun and his crew of rocket scientists at the Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Once again, no news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were up to 151 candles yesterday! Last night, the total dropped off to 130, which is a great number and tells me more of us are keeping Paige in our thoughts and prayers. Remember to light candles for Paige and her three children too.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298). You can click on any candle to read the message and who lit it.

On This Day In History...

...in 1917, Mata Hari was executed for espionage. The archetypical femme fatale spy died at the wrong end of a French firing squad at Vincennes. She told the story of being born in an Indian temple and raised by a priestess who taught her to dance and gave her the name "eye of the day" or, Mata Hari, in Malay. Actually, Magaretha Geertruida Zelle was born in Holland in 1876. Her exotic dances were very popular, mostly because she stripped to nudity. At the outbreak of World War I, her lovers included high ranking French military officers. She was tried for passing secrets to Germany about the new French secret weapon, the tank. While there is some evidence that she acted as a spy and even as a double agent, the Germans had already given up on her as an unreliable source of not very valuable information. While she was portrayed as the greatest female spy of the 20th Century, she might really just have been show biz creation with a thing for men in uniform.

...in 1966, the worst driver in history was recorded in Texas. No, not the dork in the grey SUV who cuts you off in traffic every morning. The unidentified, 75 year old male, received 10 traffic tickets, drove on the wrong side of the road four times committed four hit-and-run collisions and caused six accidents - all within 20 minutes.

...in 1878, the Edison Electric Company opened, driven by Thomas Edison's light bulb and funding by magnates like J.P. Morgan and members of the Vanderbilt family. Edison did not actually invent the light bulb, but invented the first commercially practical light bulb, and the Edison Electric Company electrified Manhattan in September, 1892. (The first commercial electric plant went online in the Summer of 1882 in Appleton, Wisconsin. Banker and paper company executive, Henry J. Rogers, purchased equipment from the Edison Electric Company to supply power to the paper companies and Appleton's wealthiest residents.) In 1892, through a merger with the Thomson-Houston Company, a competitor, Edison Electric became the General Electric Company. For years, Edison competed with Nickola Tesla, who was partnered with George Westinghouse. Edison believed in direct current, Tesla and Westinghouse believed in alternating current. Westinghouse electrified the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago, beating the proposal by Edison. Today, the world runs on alternating current, but a few remnants of Edison's legacy still exit. In Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, the floor of the Yerkes Observatory (http://astro.uchicago.edu/yerkes/), home of the world's largest refracting telescope, moves under the power of four 440 volt electric motors, that have operated on direct current, since the Edison Company installed them in 1897.

...in 1965, WEMT (now WVII) TV channel 7 in Bangor, ME (ABC) began broadcasting.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were up over 130 again candles yesterday, but tonight, we are back down to 111 candles. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1793, Marie Antoinette, of "Let them eat cake" fame, was taken to the main square in Paris for a visit with Madame Guillotine. She returned several inches shorter.

...in 1946, as long as we're on such a happy topic, 10 high ranking Nazis were executed, by hanging, in Nuremberg, Germany. Two weeks earlier, they had been found guilty of war crimes, crimes against humanity and crimes against peace during World War II.

...in 1948, Hudson introduced the new Hornet, using a radical new design technique that merged the body with the chassis, the basis of all modern automobile design. The car was built with a 308 c.i. flat head six that propelled the Hornet into a three year run as the king of stock car racing. The lower center of gravity allowed the Hornet to glide around corners and leave the competitors in the dust. The amazing run of the Hornet in stock car racing was immortalized in the Disney-Pixar animated feature Cars with the late Paul Newman, a racing enthusiast and accomplished driver himself, providing the voice of the Hudson Hornet.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Hudson_Hornet_4-door_burgundy.JPG/800px-Hudson_Hornet_4-door_burgundy.JPG
The Fabulous Hudson Hornet

...in 1965, "Drat! - The Cat!" closed at Martin Beck Theater New York City after 8 performances. It wasn't the record for worst show, but darned close. Ellen Burstyn's one-woman The Oldest Living Confederate Widow Tells All closed after opening night in 2003. On Easter Sunday 1970, a musical version of Lilies of the Field opened at the Lunt-Fontanne Theater, called Look To The Lilies. I saw one of the 25 performances before that turkey folded - and I missed 1776 to see it. Ugh.

That's it. That's all we know as of 11:01 PM EDT, Wednesday 10/15.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were up over 125 candles yesterday, but last night, we were back down to 104 candles. We seem to be hovering above 100 the last few days, though, so more of you are keeping Paige and her family in mind. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1931, after all the heartburn and battles with Eliot Ness and The Untouchables, the career of gangster, bootlegger and leader of Chicago's underworld, Al Capone, came to an end. Of all the crimes that Al Capone was known for and alleged to have committed, he was convicted of income tax evasion. One of the most notorious convicts in the Federal system, including a stretch at Alcatraz, he died in custody in 1947, as a result of a social disease he aquired in one of his own brothels.

...in 1835, the government of Texas passed a resolution creating the Texas Rangers, armed and mounted to "range and guard the frontier between the Brazos and Trinity Rivers." During the revolution with Mexico, leaders felt they needed a force to protect the citizens spread out all over the huge territory. After the revolution ended, it was deciced to keep the Rangers in operation. It was always a loose-knit organization, and in 1930, the state reined in the Rangers and made it into a a modern law enforcement unit, unique in the United States.

...in 1973, in reaction to support of Israel during the Yom Kippur War, the Arab-dominated cartel, OPEC, cut off supply of oil to the allies of Israel. Overnight, gasoline prices quadrupled and the embargo impacted the financial world for the rest of the decade. Prior to 1970, OPEC had little clout. After 1970, domestic oil production was cut and the United States began to rely more and more on OPEC nations for oil. In 1973, OPEC demonstrated how much control it had over the world market - which it still holds today.

...in 1965, the New York World's Fair closed after a two year run with over 51 million people in attendance.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were up to 129 candles yesterday. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...1767, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon completed a four year project that was designed to end a bloody border dispute between the colonies of Pennsylvania and Maryland. Using astronomical and precision surveying instruments, they set out to define the boundary between the two colonies, also between Delaware and Maryland. The line was set from a point 15 miles south of Philadelphia and heading west to a point that, today, is between Pennsylvania and West Virginia. Every mile along the line. Mason and Dixon placed large stones, in the shape of an obelisk, with a P engraved on one side and an M on the other. Every fifth stone also bore the coats of arms of the two colonies. 240 years later, many of the stones are missing, but many are still there. Modern surveyors, using GPS with their tools, confirm that Mason and Dixon were quite accurate in some places off by as little as one inch, although they were off by as much as 800 feet in other places. The Mason-Dixon Line is the traditional dividing line between slave and free states, or between southern and northern states. Today, it's mostly the boundary between "Y'all" and "Youse guys."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mason-dixon-line.gif/300px-Mason-dixon-line.gif
The Original Mason-Dixon Line

...in 1867, the United States took possession of the Alaska Territory from Russia for the princely sum of $7.2 Million. The purchase included 586,412 square miles, twice the size of Texas, and worked out to less than 2¢ per acre. Even so, President Andrew Johnson and Secretary of State William Henry Seward were roundly ridiculed for the purchase, which became known as "Seward's Folly" or "Johnson's Polar Bear Park" and other more colorful (and some unpublishable) names. Russia was strapped for cash to fund a war, and offered the land to the United States through Great Britain in March of 1867. The purchase was widely regarded as stupid - until gold was discovered in the Klondike River in 1896. Today, a huge oil reserve lays untapped in Alaska, while other oilfields are producing large quantities of oil that flow through a pipeline built in the 1970's. "Alaska Day" is celebrated every October 18.

...in 1954, Texas Instruments, jointly with radio builder Regency, introduced the first mass-produced transistor radio. Exactly who built the first transistor radio is often disputed. Several manufacturers demonstrated transistor-based radios as early as 1952, but none ever went beyond the prototype stage. The Regency TR-1 sold for $49.95 which was quite pricey - it's about $375 in today's dollars. Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo, Ltd. introduced the TR-55 transistor radio in 1955 under the brand name, Sony, and renamed the company some years later. Transistor radios were a major breakthrough, as the transistors replaced the old, clunky, expensive and power-intensive vacuum tubes for amplifier circuits. While transistor radios were limited to the AM band, it made little difference in the 1950's and 1960's because that was where the bulk of the radio broadcast market existed. Today, the term is archaic as many transistors are packed on integrated circuits (chips) and offer far more than AM band reception. But in 1954, it was breakthrough technology.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Regency_transistor_radio.jpg/180px-Regency_transistor_radio.jpg
Regency TR-1

...in 1977, Reggie Jackson, "Mr. October" hit three home runs in the sixth game of the World Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers. The last man to perform the feat was Babe Ruth, who did it twice, during the World Series in 1916 and 1928. The difference? Mr. October hit his three home runs in three consecutive at bats, off three different pitchers and in three consecutive pitches! Love him or hate him, Reggie's feat was an incredible achievement.

...in 1931, Thomas Alva Edison passed away in West Orange, New Jersey, aged 84. Edison was born in Milan, Ohio but didn't do well in school. He was a dreamer and paid little attention to things like teachers and lessons. His teacher told Mrs. Edison that her boy's brain was addled, and that he would never amount to anything. His formal education ended at third grade, but his mother recognized that he was special and home schooled him. At the age of 16, he schooled himself in telegraphy and while making a living as a telegraph operator, he developed a device that could transmit four separate telegraph messages on one wire and with the sale of the quadruplex telegraph to Western Union, he was able to fund a laboratory in Menlo Park. He also invented the stock ticker that revolutionized Wall Street and sports broadcasting. (Ronald Reagan began his career recreating baseball and football games that he read on an Edison ticker.) Edison created a movie camera and projector and started the movie industry. He invented the phonograph while trying to develop a device to record telephone calls, perhaps, an answering machine? The prolific inventor is best remembered for developing the commercially viable light bulb and for founding the company that would become General Electric. Edison held 1,093 patents in his own name.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/lBSRPHz7a4T9.jpg
Thomas Edison, The Wizard of Menlo Park

...in 1965, The Indonesian government outlawed the Communist Party.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were holding at 99 candles last night. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1791, Lord General Cornwallis and an army of 8,000 soldiers were surrounded at Yorktown, Virginia by a superior force of French and American forces. With no chance of reinforcement, and running low on supplies, Cornwallis surrendered. Cornwallis was not a bad general, in fact, he was one of the more capable British leaders, having defeated Washington in New Jerey and General Gates in South Carolina. It seems unlikely he would have retreated to a peninsula where he could be trapped. Cornwallis was awaiting the British fleet for reinforcement. Unknown to Cornwallis, the British fleet was intercepted by the French fleet under Admiral Count de Grasse. The French defeated the Brisitsh fleet at the Battle of Virginia Capes on September 5, leaving Cornwallis cut off from help. After the surrender on October 19, the Revolutionary war was essentially over, although there were several skirmishes. During the surrender ceremony, the British band played a tune called The World Turned Upside Down. Peace talks began in 1972 and the Treaty of Paris was signed on September 3, 1783, officially recognizing the United States of America.

...in 1960, the trade embargo against Cuba went into effect. The US was fighting with the Soviet Union for Cold War superiority, and the Kennedy Administration wanted to topple the Castro regime. The trade embargo, still in effect, did not have the desired effect though. In 1963, the fight for Cuba escalated with the missile crisis. The embargo works both ways, though, as Americans can no longer purchase Cuban cigars - legally, anyway.

...in 1864, the northernmost battle of the Civil War was fought. A group of Confederate soldiers infiltrated St. Albans, Vermont from Canada, arriving in pairs or groups of three or four. One day, the assembled, took off long coats to reveal Confederate uniforms and declared the town was under the control of the Confederate States of America. They robbed banks, forced the tellers to swear allegiance to the CSA, then set the town on fire as they retreated to Canada. The townsfolk were obliged to fight the fire rather than chase the troops. They were chased back to Canada, which created friction between Great Britain and the Union. When the British paid back the banks and made reparations, the situation was smoothed over.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b5/Stalbansraid.JPG
Confederate soldiers forcing bank tellers to swear allegiance to the CSA.

...in 1958, the first Post-World War II World's Fair closed in Brussels. Over 42 million people attended the Brussels Universal and International Exhibition with the slogan, "A World View, A New Humanism." The United States saw it as an opportunity to skewer Communism and go head-to-head with the Soviet Union's propaganda machinery. The two countries put on displays of the idealistic life in each country, emphasized by the adversaries being located right across from one another. The Soviets displayed technology and showed a model of Sputnik while the US showed voting booths, the latest fashions and rooms full of labor-saving appliances. The ulitmate irony was that Czechoslovakia won the award for best exhibit.

...in 1987, "Black Monday" sent the Dow into a spiral of panic selling in a 508 point freefall. (Sound familiar?) Analysts were working over time to find someone or something to blame. Along with rounding up the usual suspects (inflation, interest rates, blah blah blah) There were concerns over US warships destroying two Iranian oil platforms in the Persian Gulf, but ultimately, the blame was placed on computerized trading systems that had triggers in place to sell sell sell when certain levels were reached. Safeguards were put into place to prevent computerized sell-offs, including stopping trade if the market plummets too far. Last week, those levels were almost reached and trading was almost halted - almost - the levels were not reached. As badly as people took hits in 1987, within a year, the market came storming back and all losses were recovered - for those who were brave enough to stay in.

...in 1965, Tygert Bruton Pennington was born. Today, Ty Pennington is known as the parapatetic host of Extreme Makeover: Home Edition and as a tool pitchman for a certain big box store chain. Would you be surprised to learn that Pennington was an unruly child, who used to strip naked in school and swing from the blinds? He is also a spokesman today for the ADHD Experts on Call and controls his disorder with Vyvane...hey, look at that cool power drill/driver!

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were back up to 95 candles last night after dropping as low as 68 during the day. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1973, the world famous Sydney Opera House opened with a dedication by Queen Elizabeth II. The $80 million landmark was designed by JØrn Utzon of Denmark and took 15 years to build. It is the icon that identifies Sydney, New South Wales to the world.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Sydney_opera_house_side_view.jpg/800px-Sydney_opera_house_side_view.jpg
Sydney Opera House, designed by JØrn Utzon.
Photo by Matthew Field, used with permission

...in 1882, Be'la Ferenc Dezso Blasko was born in Lugos, Austira-Hugary, now Lugoj, Romania. (The city is near a border with Transylvania.) He became an accomplished actor with the National Theater of Budapest, then immigrated to the US in 1921, where he took the name Bela Lugosi. His heavy accent landed him the role of Dracula on Broadway in a play of the same name. In 1931, he played the same role in the film version of Dracula and was forever typecast. Lugosi died in 1956 after one day of fliming Plan Nine From Outer Space for Ed Wood, arguably the worst movie ever made. Leonard Maltin once said, "Bela Lugosi died in production, and it shows." Wood used his wife's chiropractor as Lugosi's double for the film, a man who looked nothing like Lugosi.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Bela_Lugosi_01.jpg/180px-Bela_Lugosi_01.jpg
Bela Lugosi, ca. 1920

...in 1962, while President John F. Kennedy was in Seattle to attend the Century 21 World's Fair, it was necessary that he return to Washington to discuss plans of how to react to the Soviets building nuclear missile sites in Cuba. The press corps was told he had contracted an upper respiratory infection and was returning to Washington to rest. In fact, he was meeting with advisors, including Attorney General Robert Kennedy, to decide whether to negotiate with the Soviets, bomb the missile sites or blockade the island of Cuba. He opted to set up a blockade, keeping the bombing of the island as a trump card. Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev and President Kennedy proceeded to play a series game of chicken, nuclear one-upmanship, and brought the world to the edge of destruction. The one to blink first would lose. The blockade began on October 21 and the next six days were very tense. The two leaders communicated by courier, telegram and, most unusually, in newspapers.

...in 1975, humanitarianism and economics overcomes Cold War politics as the United States agrees to sell badly needed wheat to the Soviet Union. The sale was repeated, quietly, for several years.

...in 1965, the Beatles received a gold record for Yesterday which was on the American charts for an incredible eleven weeks, four of them at number one. The Guiness Book of World Records says that Yesterday is the most covered song ever, with over 3,000 versions of it by such artists as Joan Baez, Liberace, Frank Sinatra, Elvis Presley, Plácido Domingo, Boyz II Men and even Daffy Duck. In England, a BBC poll in 1999 voted Yesterday the best song of the 20th Century.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e5/Beatles-singles-yesterday.jpg/200px-Beatles-singles-yesterday.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were up over 125 candles last week, but last night, we were back down to 90 candles. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...1797, the USS Constitution was launched in Boston Harbor. The 44 gun frigate was built to fight the Barbary pirates. ("...to the shores of Tripoli," as the Marines Hymn says.) In the War of 1812, witnesses said British cannonballs bounced off the side of the ship, earning the lasting name of Old Ironsides. She was retired from duty in 1855, but remained commissioned as a training vessel, and today is the oldest commissioned warship in the US Navy, if not in the world.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/USS_Constitution_1997.jpg/300px-USS_Constitution_1997.jpg
USS Constitution, "Old Ironsides" Massachusetts Bay, July 1997

...in 1959, an executive order was signed by President Dwight Eisenhower that transferred Wehrner von Braun from the Army to the newly formed National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Von Braun grew up in Germany and became interested in rocketry and space travel as a teenager. While studying physics, he also toyed with rockets and caught the eye of the German military. Eventually, they had von Braun lead a military rocket unit where he developed the A-4 rocket, capable of hitting targets more than 200 miles away. (Much of von Braun's work was derived from American rocket expert, Robert Goddard.) The A04 was renamed the V-2, the V for the German word that meant "vengeance." The rockets were dropped on London and caused many deaths and much damage. Von Braun, who wanted his rockets to be used for space travel, said, "My rocket worked perfectly except that it landed on the wrong planet." The V-2 rockets came too late in the war to make a difference. He and his team fled the advancing Russian army in order to surrender to the US Army along with train cars full of rocket parts. After performing research at Fort Bliss in Texas, the team moved to the Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama, where the Redstone rocket was developed for the American space program. NASA built the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center on the arsenal, right around von Braun's office. (Which is now on display at the NASA museum in Huntsville.) Von Braun's giant Saturn V rockets took 27 Americans to the moon, 12 who walked on the surface.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wernher_von_Braun.jpg/250px-Wernher_von_Braun.jpg
Dr. Wehrner von Braun (1912-1977) in his
Marshall Space Flight Center Office, Huntsville, Alabama.
Behind him is an array of models of rockets designed by
Dr. von Braun and his staff in Alabama.

...in 1897, the University of Chicago dedicated the Yerkes Observatory, which would become the seat of modern astrophysics. It all began in 1892, when the new Professor of Astrophysics at the University of Chicago, George Ellery Hale, heard of two perfect, 42 inch "blanks" of glass while on vacation. The blanks were made to be ground into lenses for the largest refracting telecope in the world, if a suitable observatory could be found for such a telescope. The blanks were ordered for an observatory to be built for USC but the funding disappeared. Hale hurried back to Chicago to set the wheels in motion to aquire the blanks. The blanks were aquired, the telescope was built and displayed at the Columbian Exposition, ahown below, in Chicago in 1893. (The same one where Pabst won it's famous blue ribbon.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Yerkes/1893-scope.jpg

A site was chosen on the shores of Geneva Lake in Williams Bay, Wisconsin. Charles T. Yerkes, a railroad tycoon from Chicago (he built the El system and finished "The Tube" in London) donated the money to build an observatory to house the massive telescope. (The dome rides on trolley wheels.) Yerkes hired Henry Ives Cobb to design the building. It took four years to build the massive facility which, at the time, was way out in the boonies. Today, it is surrounded by growth and development, all sources of light pollution, but the 111 year old observatory continues to lead in research and development.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Yerkes/40inchtour.jpg
In 1893, the telescope was, and today remains, the largest refracting telescope in the world.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Yerkes/aerial1.gif
You can read more about this fascinating facility at the Yerkes Observatory (http://astro.uchicago.edu/yerkes/) website.

...in 1965, chemist Robert Burns Woodward was awarded the Nobel Prize for chemistry. I tried to do some research in order to better describe exactly why he was awarded the prize. After reading quite a bit, I don't really know much more than I did before I started to read about him.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

This is interesting...what do you suppose this could possibly mean?

Attorney: Birgfeld suspect's truck taken, returned

By Paul Shockley
pshockley@gjfreepress.com
Link: Grand Junction Free Press (http://www.gjfreepress.com/article/20081021/COMMUNITY_NEWS/810209948/1007&parentprofile=1059&title=Attorney:%20Birgfeld%20suspect%27s%20truck%2 0taken,%20returned)
Grand Junction, CO, Colorado

GRAND JUNCTION, Colo. — An attorney for the lone suspect in Paige Birgfeld’s disappearance says Lester Ralph Jones’ pickup truck was seized by authorities earlier this month.

http://gjimg.sv.publicus.com/apps/pbcsi.dll/bilde?Site=GJ&Date=20081021&Category=COMMUNITY_NEWS&ArtNo=810209948&Ref=AR&Profile=1007&maxw=300&MaxH=300
Lester Ralph Jones, the only "Person of Interest"
in the disappearance of Paige Birgefeld

Jones’ Dodge Ram 4x4 was curiously taken for several hours on Oct. 2 by Mesa County Sheriff’s investigators armed with a search warrant, and returned within roughly a 24-hour period, according to local attorney Colleen Scissors.

The seizure happened exactly one year to the day the sheriff’s office publicly named the 57-year-old Pear Park mechanic as the only suspect in Birgfeld’s disappearance.

Scissors said an explanation for the one-day seizure wasn’t provided.

Authorities neither confirmed or denied the action.

“All our search warrants in connection to the Birgfeld case are sealed and we have no further comment on them,” the sheriff’s office said in an e-mailed statement.

Nobody has been charged in the case.

Jones’ pickup, which was originally seized as evidence and impounded in July 2007, was returned to Jones and his wife, Elaine, on July 17 of this year.

The sheriff’s office at the time declined to talk about the truck’s release.

During a series of searches at Jones’ Pear Park home, neighbors described investigators taking sections of a pickup truck’s bed liner, among other items.

Birgfeld, 34, a mother of three children who operated her own escort business, was last heard from driving back to the Grand Junction area the night of June 28, 2007, after meeting her first husband, Howard Beigler of Aurora.

Foul play is suspected in Birgfeld’s disappearance.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Yesterday, we learned that the Mesa County Sheriff's Department seized the truck of Hannibal Lester, again, for inspection. It was returned in one day. Ironically, the seizure was October 2, exactly one year after Hannibal Lester was named the only "Person of Interest" in Paige's case. The seizure, which was done with a proper search warrant, received no comment from the Sheriff's Department. The department has kept a tight lid on all information regarding Paige's disappearance. There are so many unanswered question, such as, did this seizure have anything to do with the human remains that were found in Utah several weeks ago? No one is saying.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), last night we were up to 120 candles! Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1962, in a televised address from the Oval Office, President John F. Kennedy announced that the Soviet Union had placed nuclear missiles in Cuba and that, in response, the United States Navy had established a blockade of the island nation. President Kennedy called the missile placement "clandestine, reckless, and provocative threat to world peace." He said the quarantine would enforce a "strict quarantine on all offensive military equipment under shipment to Cuba." The world was now poised for nuclear war as President Kennedy and Premier Nikita Khruschev played a game of chicken with nuclear warheads.

...in 1936, the first tests of what would become the most popular car since the Model T Ford underwent testing. In 1934, Ferdinand Porsche had proposed a simple and reliable automobile to the German Reich, a car that would also be affordable. The Nazi propaganda machine immediately cranked into high gear for the idea, even naming it the People's Car, or Volkswagen. By 1938, the the first car to represent the final form was unveiled, the 38-Series that the New York Times called "The Beetle." The Reich renamed the car the KdF Wagen, "Kraft durch Freude" or "Strength through Joy." Porsche was not pleased as he was not a member of the Nazi Party nor did he support Hitler. Although production went on hold as the Porsche factories went into production of war materiél, (including "Volkswagen" based staff cars) after the war, the Allies approved restarting production of the Beetle, and by the mid 1950's, the sale of "Beetles" had taken off. In the 1960's, the Volkswagen became the unofficial symbol of the counter-culture, decorated with flowers, racing stripes and what have you. The Beetle evolved, mostly unchanged except for refinements, until 1971 when the Super Beetle was introduced. The Super Beetle was larger to accomodate mandated safety designs that resulted in a better car. By that time, Japanese auto design had progressed and the Beetle faced stiff competition. The last Beetle, Number 21,529,464, was produced in Mexico on July 30, 2003. The 65 years after its introduction and a 58 year manufacturing run is unequaled. (By comparison, Ford's Model T reached 15,000,000 cars in 18 years before there was a large automobile market. In fact, the Model T made the automobile market. Model T production averaged 833,000 cars per year while Volkswagen production averaged 384,454 per year. Which was really the People's Car? You decide.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Volkswagen_Type_1_black_1938.jpg/120px-Volkswagen_Type_1_black_1938.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Volkswagen_Bubbla_sista_bilen.jpg/180px-Volkswagen_Bubbla_sista_bilen.jpg
The First 1938 Volkswagen and the Last 2003 Volkwagen

You can learn more about this fascinating vehicle at a website called Aircooled (http://people.westminstercollege.edu/staff/bknorr/html/history.htm).

...in 1987, an automotive first was accomplished - who ever thought there could be an automobile first almost 100 years after the industry started? Canadian Garry Sowerby and American Tim Cahill completed the first Trans-America's drive from Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina to Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. They drove a specially built GMC 4x4 pickup truck from the southern end of the western world to the northern tip of the western world in 23 days, 22 hours and 43 minutes. (Similar trips have been completed several times before Sowerby and Cahill made the run, but not as far and certainly not as fast.)

...in 1883, the first Metropolitan Opera House, at 1423 Broadway (between 39th and 40th) in New York was dedicated with a performance of Gounod's Faust. The cast included the household names Christine Nilsson, Italo Campanini, Giuseppe Del Puente, and Franco Novara, and was conducted by Auguste Vianesi. The old Met closed on April 16, 1966 with a performance of Puccini’s La Bohème when the Met moved to the Lincoln Center.

...in 1934, the FBI cornered Charles "Pretty Boy" Floyd in a cornfield in East Liverpool, Ohio, administering the shots that would kill him. With his dying breath, he denied taking part in an ambush at Kansas City's Union Station on June 17, 1933, known as the Kansas City Massacre. The ambush was an attempt to spring Frank Nash, on his way to Leavenworth Prison, being escorted by Federal officials. Four law officers died in the attack. To this day no one knows if Floyd was a part of the ambush or not.

...in 1914, a black date in American history because the Revenue Act was signed, mandating the first income tax for anyone with an income over $3,000 and it's been downhill ever since.

...in 1965, the Second Kashmir War between India and Pakistan came to an end. Contrary to popular opinion, the war was not fought over Kashmir sweaters and coats.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no other developments in Paige's case yesterday. Nothing else has been reported about the action taken earlier this month. I do have it on good authority that the investigation is progressing. While it seems like nothing is going on, rest assured, the investigation continues and the Mesa County Sheriff is playing it very close to the vest.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are up to 105 candles. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in -42, Marcus Junius Brutus committed suicide after a second defeat at Philippi during a civil war. Brutus was one of the conspirators in the assassination of Julius Caesar, made famous in the play by William Shakespeare. Even people who known nothing of ancient history or have never read Shakespeare know the line, "Et, tu, Brute?" Little known history of the Roman Republic was the range of civil war that erupted after the assassination of Caesar. After several years of civil war, in -27 (27 BC) the Republic was lost forever at the ascension of Augustus Caesar as the first emperor of Rome.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Portrait_Brutus_Massimo.jpg/140px-Portrait_Brutus_Massimo.jpg
Marcus Junius Brutus

...in 1954, WSAU-TV began broadcasting (purportedly) from a Victorian house in Wausau, Wisconsin, affectionately known as "The Mansion." The transmitter and tower was (and still is) atop Rib Mountain, the second highest point in Wisconsin. WSAU was the only television station in northern Wisconsin when it went on the air, and it was affiliated with all four networks, CBS, ABC, NBC and DuMont. DuMont would stop broadcasting in 1956. In 1965, a second station, WAOW went on the air in Wausau as the ABC affiliate, followed by a Rhinelander station in 1966 that took the NBC affiliation. In the 1950's, a company in Rhinelander put up a tall receiver and offered a cable feed that provided Rhinelander residents with reception from Green Bay and Minneapolis, years before the concept of television by satellite even existed. In 1981, the owners of WSAU sold their interest in radio stations with the same call letters, and changed the television call sign to WSAW. The only real significance to this story is that the same story repeated intself all across the country as small television markets came online. Television broadcasting expanded from major metropolitan areas to the smallest markets in a matter of about 15 years.

...in 1983, a truck packed with explosives was driven by a suicide bomber into the US Marines barracks in Beirut Lebanon, killing 241 military personel, while a similar attack killed 58 French soldiers about two miles away. While the bombers were never determined, they were suspected to be Shiite terrorists affiliated with Iran.

...in 1975, the House Ways and Means Committee Chairman Al Ullman (D-Oregon) proposed and economic plan featuring a $12.7 million tax cut, aimed at middle class Americans. Although the plan was embraced by both parties, partisan arguing bogged down the progress of the bill. President Gerald Ford wanted to affix spending cuts to the bill, but the House Democrats fought the spending cuts. They launched a media blitz with dire warnings of what would happen if the spending cuts were made, and the tactic worked. A tax cut, without spending cuts, was passed by the committee. There jut ain't nuthin' new, is there?

...in 1971, Wally World opened in Orlando, Florida, just 16 years after the Magic Kingdom opened in Anaheim, California. The park also included Walt Disney's dream of a planned community called the Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow, or EPCOT. A real community, Celebration, Florida, was built in 1996.

...in 1965, Alfred Matthew "Weird Al" Yankovic was born in California. The musician, satirist, parody artist and all around funny guy broke into show business with a parody of My Sharona by The Knack that he called My Balogna. It got airplay from Dr. Dimento, and the rest is history. Weird Al does play the accordion but he is not related to the late Frankie Yankovic.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.


Interesting Sidebar: One night in the early 1970's, when television stations still went off the air overnight, my brother and I were watching a movie on WISN-TV in Milwaukee, that broadcasts on channel 12. The movie ended, the station played the national anthem and said good night. When the signal ended, we expected the usual white noise. Instead of white noise, however, we were watching a telethon for a charity in Oneida County, Wisconsin. The signal was coming from Channel 12 in Rhinelander, it was crystal clear and the sound was perfect. Television signals are usually line of sight, and since Rhinelander is more than 200 miles away, the signal was a very unusual phenomenon. On a whim, we called the number of the telethon and reported that we were watching from Milwaukee. The on-air personality was skeptical and accused us of being local smarta$$es. Within minutes, they started to get calls from Michigan, Minnesota and Iowa, and everyone reported that the signal was crystal clear. With today's switch to digital broadcasting, satellite and 24 hours broadcasts, that night was one of those rare circumstances that will likely never be repeated.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we have been up over 100 candles for the past few days, last night, at 104 candles. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1901, Annie Edson Taylor became the first of a long line of daredevils to go over Niagra Falls in a barrel. October 24 was her birthday - she claimed to be in her 40s but was really 63 - and that seemed like a good day for it. She strapped herself into a leather harness inside and old pickle barrel and over she went. After 20 minutes, she washed up on shore of the Niagra River, a little shook up but in good health. She never really attained the fame and fortune she was looking for, but became an answer to a trivia question that never gets asked. Oh, before you set off for Niagra Falls, be advised that going over the Falls is illegal, if not fatal.

...in 1930, the first feature film starring Marion Michael Morrison, The Big Trail opened. It was a flop, and he was relegated to second rate roles for another ten years. He was born in Winterset, Iowa on May 26, 1907 but his family moved to California when he was four. He never went anywhere without his Airedale Terrier named, "Duke" and soon people were calling him "Little Duke." He liked "Duke" better than "Marion" as a name (who wouldn't?) and it stuck with him forever. He got a job as a prop man with Fox, as a favor from Tom Mix in exchange for USC football tickets. He appeared in some bit parts and Fox soon wanted to put him in more movies. They changed his name, without him knowing it, to John Wayne and the rest is pretty much history.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/John_Wayne_in_Wake_of_the_Red_Witch_trailer.jpg
John Wayne in Wake of the Red Witch, one of his worst movies.

...in 1861, the first transcontinental telegraph line was completed and the first message was sent - a telegram from California Chief Justice Stephan J. Field to President Lincoln. Congress offered a subsidy to any company that could link the coasts. Western Union took up the challenge, and on this date in 1861, made the connection in Salt Lake City, Utah. Building the line was a logistical challenge with cable and insulators being shipped to California by sea and telegraph poles being shipped to the plains where they became known as Nebraska Trees. (Or Wyoming or Kansas or Utah trees.) Native Americans also posed a problem, one party of Sioux cut out a section of wire and used it to make jewelry. When members of the party became sick, a medicine man convinced them it was the great spirit of the talking wire taking retribution - and from then on, they left the lines alone. The wires connected the coasts eight years before transcontinental rails did, and two days before the Pony Express ceased operation.

...in 1951, the war with Germany finally ended. Huh? You thought the war was over in 1945? A treaty with Germany had never been signed after hositilities ceased, part of it was an ongoing dispute between the winning allies including the division of Berlin, the division of Germany, and what type of government would be set up. Pay attention - those who do not understand history are doomed to repeat it. It took 10 years and two months after war was declared to declare peace - and American troops are still stationed in Germany, fifty seven years after the treaty was signed. Wars do not end when someone says they end.

...in 1945, the United Nations was officially chartered by the five permanent members of the Security Council. The previous attempt, the League of Nations, was a dismal failure in preventing World War II but the seeds for the UN were planted in 1941 when President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill signed the Atlantic Charter.

...in 1965, a choral work entitled Voices for Today by Benjamin Britten premiered, simultaneously in Royal Festival Hall, London; Maison de l'ORTF, Paris and the UN General Assembly Hall in New York. The work for a chorus of men, women and children with organ accompaniment was commissioned for the 20th Anniversary of the UN.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no more new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we had 131 candles last night. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours. Totals always drop off on weekend, so remember to keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1929, the Secretary of State in the Harding Administration, Albert B. Fall, became the fall guy for accepting a bribe while serving in office, the first individual to be convicted of such a crime. The Harding administration was riddled with corruption, and Fall accepted a $100,000 interest free "loan" from Edward Doheny of the Pan-American Petroleum and Transport Company. He wanted Fall to grant him an oil lease from the naval reserve in California. Both the Elk Hills Naval reserve and the Teapot Dome naval reserve in Wyoming had been transferred to the control of the Department of the Interior, Fall may have recognized an opportunity to personally benefit by leasing the reserves to private industry. In October of 1923, a Senate investigation revealed the $100,000 bribe but also a $300,000 in bonds from Harry Sinclair, president of Mammoth Oil, for access to the Teapot Dome. In 1927, the reserves were returned to the control of the government and in 1927, Fall was convicted of the scandal.

...in 1854, during the Crimean War, British Lord James Cardigan lead a charge of the Light Brigade Cavalry against the Russians. During the Battle of Balacava, Cardigan received the order to attack. The brigade charged down the hill and was cut down by Russian artillery, suffering over 40% casulties. When it was over, of the 600 members of the cavalry, 156 were dead and 122 were wounded. It turns out to have been a blunder with orders unclear and from bad intelligence. The brigade was, and still is, revered as British heroes. Alfred, Lord Tennyson wrote a poem, paintings were done, and three movies were made. The first was by Thomas Edison in 1912, shot in Wyoming and using US Cavalry troops as the Light Brigade.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/CatonWoodvilleLightBrigade.jpeg
Canton Woodville's Charge Of The Light Brigade, 1855.

Alfred, Lord Tennyson's The Charge Of The Light Brigade (http://www.nationalcenter.org/ChargeoftheLightBrigade.html).

...in 1902, the first great combination of manufacturer and race driver was forged when famed bicycle racer, Barney Oldfield, teamed up to drive Henry Ford's 999 race car. On October 25, the team entered the Manufacturer's Challenge Cup in Grosse Point. It was the first of many great races for Oldfield, who soundly beat all competitors in the race, including Alexander Winton. Winton would later hire Oldfield to drive his cars in races. Oldfield was the first person to drive an automobile over 60 miles per hour, leading the popular phrase, "Who do you think you are, Barney Oldfield?"

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/BarneyOldfieldHenryFord.jpg
Barney Oldfield in the Ford 999, that's Henry Ford standing beside his race car and driver.

...in 1964, Jim Marshall of the Minnesota Vikings scooped up a fumble and ran 66 yards to the end zone - the wrong way - for a safety that gave the San Francisco 49'ers 2 points.
http://www.myleastfavoriteteam.com/images/wrong-way.gif
Jim Marshall had a spectacular career with the Vikings, including a 282 consecutive game streak and is one of the all-time leaders in career sacks and fumble recoveries. Guess what he is remembered for?

See the famous run here on YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1IBkQoXNvbA&watch_response).

See Jim Marshall having some fun with it on I've Got A Secret (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c3T4GZfPIAs) with Steve Allen.

...in 1965, the Rolling Stones released Get Off Of My Cloud as a follow-up to Satisfaction.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 86 candles as of this post. Totals usually go down on weekends, so it isn't really a surprise. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so remember to light a candle this weekend for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1881, the infamous showdown in Tombstone, Arizona took place behind a commercial venture known as the OK Corral. The two sides in the shootout included Wyatt Earp and the Earp brothers, and Wyatt's friend, Doc Holliday and on the other side were the forces of the McLaury and Clanton families. The families were successful ranchers in the Tombstone area, employing many men who were loosely known as "Cowboys." The Cowboys were a rough and tumble group, involved in rustling and petty crimes in the area but never within Tombstone itself. It was not an organized group and contrary to Hollywood versions, no one received orders from anyone. It was just a group of friends and associates who supported one another. They spent freely in town, and the business owners liked the Cowboys as they spent a lot of cash in town. Wyatt Earp was a bank guard, his brother Virgil was the town's marshal. Morgan Earp and Doc Holliday supported the law-and-order attitude of Wyatt and Virgil. Tensions between the two factions were building, some of it politics, some of it over upholding the law, and some of it personal. When it came down to the shootout, it lasted all of 30 seconds with over 30 shots fired. When it was over, Tom and Frank McLaury were dead, as was 19 year old Billy Clanton. Sheriff Johnny Behan charged the Earps and Holliday with murder, but they were cleared in a hearing later on. Doc Holliday was already notorious, but the gunfight made Wyatt Earp's reputation. He lived in San Francisco unitl his death in 1929. Virgil was ambushed in Tombstone and shot, losing the use of his left arm. Morgan was ambushed in Tombstone and was murdered. Holliday died of TB in Colorado. The gunfight was not the longest, shortest, deadliest or largest gunfight in the old west, but it has become the most famous.

...in 1942, the US Navy lost the last aircraft carrier built before the start of World War II. The CV-8 USS Hornet was so badly damaged by Japanese aircraft in the Battle of Santa Cruz that the captain ordered the abandonment. It was during the battle for Guadalcanal, the first offensive action in the American strategy to island-hop to the Japanese home islands that the navy saw heavy action. Near the Santa Cruz islands, the smaller American fleet had to take on two Japanese fleets, on their way to Guadalcanal with supplies and reinforcements. The battle was fought exclusively by carrier based aircraft, none of the combatants were withing gun range of one another. The battleship South Dakota and the carriers Enterprise and Hornet took such extensive blasts that even two Japanese aircraft were damaged by the explosions. While the carrier [i]Hornet[/i[ was lost, the Japanese suffered immense losses of aircraft (more than 100 planes including 25 of the 27 bombers that set out from Japanese carriers) but more importantly, the fleet did not get to Guadalcanal, paving the way for an important American victory. (The replacement CV-10 USS Hornet was launched in 1943 saw lots of action against the Japanese without suffering any damage until June, 1945, when it was damaged by a typhoon.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ad/USS_Hornet_at_Santa_Cruz-600px.jpg
The USS Hornet under attack in the Battle of Santa Cruz. The Hornet launched Colonel Jimmy Doolittle's Raid on Tokyo in April of 1942.

...in 1977, the last case of smallpox was reported. The World Health Organization considers this date as the anniversary of the eradication of smallpox, the most significant victory in the history of vaccination.

...in 1986, a routine ground ball dribbled between the legs of Boston Red Sox first baseman, Bill Buckner's legs and went down the first base line, allowing the NY Mets to score and win the extra innings game. Even though the score was tied, Buckner, to this day, is blamed for losing the World Series by frustrated Red Sox fans. Boston had not been able to win a World Series since owner Harry Frasee sold the rights of Babe Ruth to the NY Yankees in 1920. Boston fans called it the Curse of the Bambino and in 1986, Buckner's error was used as proof. The fans were so ruthless that Buckner was forced to move his family to Idaho. The Red Sox finally broke the curse by winning the World Series in 2004 and again in 2007. (On this day in 1987, the Minnesota Twins would win their very first World Series by defeating the St. Louis Cardinals.)

...in 2001, in the wake of the attacks of September 11, 2001, President George W. Bush signed the USA PATRIOT Act into law. It is an acronym for "Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism." It is hailed by many as an effective tool in monitoring and stopping terrorist activity and reviled by others as an attack on civil liberties. The main attacks come from the American Civil Liberties Union, which alone gives others reason to support it. Either way, it was renewed in 2006 and while controversial, remains an important tool in the fight against terrorism.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were back up to 125 candles last night, a good count after a weekend when totals usually drop. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours and must be re-lit. Please keep light candles for Paige and her three children, to help keep them in all our thoughts.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1904, the New York City subway system made its initial run with Mayor George McClellan at the throttle of the first train. The subway opened as a way to reduce congestion on the streets of New York. The first subway was London's tube that opened in 1863. (It was completed by Charles Yerkes, the tycoon from Chicago who built Chicago's Elevated system. See Morning Update, October 21, 2008 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-october-21-2008-a-45246/) for more about Charles Yerkes.) Boston opened the first US subway in 1897 but the New York System first came to be the largest. Today, over 4 and a half million riders use the NY Subway daily. It operates 24/7, the only rapid transit system to do so. (Some parts of the Chicago El operate 24/7 but not the entire system.)

...in 1937, DuPont Corporation announced it was calling its new synthetic fabric "nylon" and legs would never be the same. The discovery was actually in 1935, and since it's development, the term has become a generic term for the silky fabric.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Condensation_polymerization_diacid_diamine.svg/800px-Condensation_polymerization_diacid_diamine.svg.png
I think I'd rather see nylon on legs.

...in 1945, Dr. Ferdinand Porsche was arrested at the conclusion of WWII. A few days ago, we learned about Dr. Porsche's design that became the Volkswagon, and his factory became a Nazi production facility where Volkswagon-based staff cars, amphibious Schwimmwagen and Tiger tanks were built. Porsche was arrested and taken to France to await trial. Meanwhile, the British began to build his Volkswagen in the factory, after it was rebuilt from damage inflicted by Allied bombing. Porsche was released in 1947 and he began designing sportscars, the most famous being the 911.

...in 1954, the divorce between Marilyn Monroe and Joe Demagio became final.

...in 1954, the ABC network premiered Walt Disney's first television show, entitled Disneyland. The opening featured Tinkerbell and each week, featured a drama, cartoon feature, natural life or adventures. In various forms, different titles and other networks, the show ran for 34 years, the longest running prime-time televisions series.

...in 1962, the world stepped back from the brink of nuclear war as the Cuban missile crisis approached a solution. It was a game of brinkmanship between Soviet Premier Nikita Khruschev and President John F. Kennedy. It was said that the first one to blink would lose, and President Kennedy later said, "Khruchev blinked." In a long, rambling letter, Khruschev appealed to Kennedy to "...let us show good sense." It was agreed that the Soviets would remove the offensive missiles from Cuba if the US would remove offensive missiles from Turkey. The plan was accepted and a nuclear holocaust was avoided.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were up to 165 candles last night. Remember, keep Paige in your thoughts by lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1919, Congress passed the Volstead Act, for the second time, this time, overriding the veto or President Woodrow Wilson. In December of 1918, the 18th Amendment to the Consitution was ratified, prohibiting the manufacture, sale or transporation of intoxicating liquors for beverage purposes. The amendment, itself had no teeth, and the Volstead Act created a special prohibition enforcement arm of the Treasury Department. Both laws were pretty much ignored and organized crime flourished, providing a distribution network for illegal alcohol. The most famous of the prohibition agents was Eliot Ness, who with an elite enforcement group known as "The Untouchables," put Al Capone out of business in Chicago. The 18th Amendment was repealed by the 21st Amendment in 1933.

...in 1950, The Jack Benny Program made the move to television, beginning a run that would last 15 years. Benny had been popular on radio, after going on in 1932, and he continued on radio while doing television. Benjamin Kubelsky was born in Waukegan, Illinois in 1894, the son of a Lithuanian haberdasher. He began violin lessons at the age of six and continued through high school. He (seriously) played the violin in vaudeville, and when he joined the navy in 1918, he was assigned to entertain the troops. (No one seems to be able to tell us if Benny was actually a good violinsts, or if he was really as bad as he pretended to be.) In 1927, he married an actress, Sadye Marks, and they were married until his death in 1974. (Sayde was a cousin of the Marx Brothers.) Benny also made films, but comedy was his specialty and radio was his medium. The cast of characters included Benny, portraying himself as a egomaniacal tightwad, eternally 39 years old. Eddie Anderson, one of the first African American voice actors to make it on radio, played Benny's long suffering valet, Rochester Van Jones. (On a road trip, the owners of a hotel said Eddie would not be able to stay with the rest of the staff. Benny replied, "If he doesn't stay here, neither do I." The staff relented.) Sayde, as Mary Livingstone, played his girlfriend, deflating his ego at every opportunity. Dennis Day portrayed a naive tenor who usually got the bst of his boss, anyway. Phil Harris, and later Bob Crosby, were bandleaders on the show. Mel Blanc played several miscellaneous characters, including his frustrated violin teacher as well as Benny's 1916 Maxwell. (He was too cheap to buy a new car.) Don Wilson was the studio announcer and part of the cast. In reality, Benny was modest and generous in real life. He died of cancer in 1974, at the age of 39.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/2f/Jack_Benny_group_photo.jpg
The cast of the ]Jack Benny Program, Eddie Anderson, Dennis Day, Phil Harris, Mary Livingston, Jack Benny, Don Wilson and Mel Blanc.

(One of the funniest bits that Jack Benny did with Mel Blanc, and it was repeated often, was Benny playing a hapless character that runs into Mel Blanc's Mexican character, named Cy. Si, er, see it on YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9s8U0O0XPE&feature=related).

...in 1962, the Cuban Missile Crisis came to an end, as Soviet Premier Nikita Khruschev agreed to removed the offensive missiles from Cuba in exchange for the United States removing nuclear missiles from Turkey and guaranteeing to respect Cuban sovereignty. Not everyone was happy, European allies of the US were incensed that Kennedy kept them out of the loop during the crisis, and Soviet hardliners were incensed that Khruschev removed the missiles from Cuba at all. Leonid Breshnev and Aleksei Koygin pushed Khruschev out of power and began to amass military materiel. More importantly, though, a "hotline" was installed between the two capitals to prevent this sort of stand off happening again. Actually a teletype, the American terminal is located in the Pentagon, not the White House.

...in 1965, construction crews topped out the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri's Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Park. The arch is 603 feet tall springing from a width of 630 feet, nearly 1/8th of a mile, at the ground level. Eoro Saarinen's 1947 design commemorates the western expansion.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/Gateway_Arch.jpg/450px-Gateway_Arch.jpg

St. Louis was only one of many stepping-off points of westward pioneers, but its location near the confluence of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers did make it an attractive starting point. Visitors are able to ride a small capsule to the top of the arch for an expansive view of St. Louis and points west.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Gateway_Arch_tram_car.JPG/400px-Gateway_Arch_tram_car.JPG
The inside of a tram car. It's not for the claustrophobic!

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/JNEM_Observation_deck.jpg/800px-JNEM_Observation_deck.jpg
The Observation Deck

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were holding at 114 candles last night. Let's remember Paige and keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children. Also, candles go out after 48 hours, so remember to go back and re-light them.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1929, Black Tuesday struck Wall Street as 16,410,030 shares were traded. Billions of dollars were lost, thousands of investors were ruined when margins were called in. Stock tickers were behind by hours because of the sheer volume of trading. Ruined brokers jumped from windows. While the previous record trading day, October 24 (Black Thursday) and the following Black Tuesday did not cause the depression, in fact, the stock market began to recover the following week but it did accelerate the collapse of the world economy, already failing since the end of World War I. While numerous FDR programs were launched to cure the ills of the depression, none of them really had an effect. It took the ultimate consumer, World War II, to finally end the Great Depression.

...in 1618, Sir Walter Raleigh was executed by beheading in London. The favorite of Queen Elizabeth had led three expeditions to America. He made the first English settlement in the new world in 1587, at Roanoke. When he married one of Elizabeth's ladies-in-waiting, he fell out of her favor and was arrested. He bought his freedom and led an expedition to mine gold along the Orinoco River in South America, which failed. Meanwhile, Elizabeth passed on and King James I had him arrested and beheaded as an enemy of the crown. One cannot help if he was cremated and put into a can.*

...in 1901, an obscure Polish laborer, Leon Czolgosz, was executed for the assassination of President William McKinley. Czolgosz shot McKinley on September 6 at the Pan-American Exhibition in Buffalo, New York. The unrepentent laborer said he shot McKinley because he was the corrupt head of a corrupt government. His last words before being electrocuted were, "I killed the president because he was the enemy of the good people—the working people." Thomas Edison was reported to have filmed the execution.

...in 1954, the last Hudson was produced before the venerable marque became just another automotive memory. Joseph L. Hudson, of Hudson Department Store fame, bankrolled former Olds associates who began building automobiles in 1909. Although the Hudson was never a top seller, Hudson did make a number of innovations, including dual brakes and a self starter. During the depression years, Hudson began an involvement with racing. Hudson Essex-Terraplane automobiles set records in economy runs, hill climbs and other timed events. After World War II, Hudson introduced a new design concept called the Monobuilt design, combining the frame and body into what was called "step-down." The concept lowered the car's center of gravity significantly, allowing the Hudson Hornet to corner better than competitors. Hudson dominated stock car races for the three years in the 1952-1954 seasons. (Paul Newman voiced the Hudson Hornet in the animated film Cars.) The racing record did not help sales, and Hudson-Essex-Terraplane merged with Nash-Kelvinator to form American Motors in 1954.

http://hetclub.com/history/48hudson.jpg
1948 Hudson Commodore, an example of the Monobuilt step-down chassis.

...in 1777, the President of the Continental Congress, one John Hancock, resigned his position in order to return to Massachusetts and take care of his health issues. Hancock is best remembered for his bold signature on hte Declaration of Independence, resulting in the slang term for one's signature as "Your John Hancock." In addition to his term as President of the Continental Congress, he was also the first, and a two term governor or Massachusetts. Little known is that Hancock was the wealthiest man in New England, and as a true patriot, risked his life and his entire fortune by signing the document. After signing it, regarding the bounty that had been placed on his head, he said, "The British ministry can read that name without spectacles; let them double their reward."

...in 1957, Dan Castellaneta was born. "DOH!"

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

* - It's the punchline to an old joke, and if you don't know it, don't ask. It isn't worth it.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were up to 128 candles last night. Please, keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1938, Orson Welles presented a radio drama on Mercury Theater on the Air on network radio. The radio drama was based on H.G. Wells' War of the Worlds novel about a Martian invasion of Grovers Mill, New Jersey. The show was presented as a news broadcast, and people who tuned in too late to hear the opening disclaimer, thought it was a real news broadcast and that Martians were, in fact, invading Earth. Contemporary estimates thought that nearly 2 million people heard the broadcast and believed it to be true, sparking panic across the country. Orson Welles was a native of Kenosha, Wisconsin and had a thorough knowledge of Shakespeare before he went to high school. He founded the Mercury Theater on the Air with John Houseman (probably best known for The Paper Chase) in 1937. His fictionalized story of a media tycoon, Charles Foster Kane, was the subect of his groundbreaking film Citizen Kane but was not well received by William Randolph Hearst and it suffered at the box office. The film was hailed, though, for its innovative lighting and camera techniques, and was voted the Greatest Film on the American
Film Institute's list of Top 100 American Films in 1998. But in 1938, Welles created panic throughout the United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Orson_Welles_1937.jpg/220px-Orson_Welles_1937.jpg
Orson Welles in 1937 by Carl Van Vechten

...in 1890, the foundation of the war on drugs was laid when Oakland, California enacted a law controlling the sale of opium, morphine and cocaine. The drugs had been legal as cures for any number of maladies and were often a component of patent medicines. (Coca-Cola was so named becuase a component of the original formula was, in fact, cocaine. It was removed from the formula in the 1880's) Oakland was one of the first communities to pass criminal laws against the substances. In the latter part of the 19th Century, opium dens became quite commonplace. Polite society looked the other way but did look down upon addicts. The Harrison Act of 1914 was intended to slow the availability of drugs but had little effect. Recently Californa passed a law allowing the use of marijuana for (nod, nod, wink, wink) medicinal purposes.

...in 1972, an Illinois Central Railway express train collieded with a commuter train on right-of-way that is now an electrified Metra route. The engineer of the commuter train overshot the 27th Street Station and made the fateful decision to back up to the platform. When the train missed the station, it tripped signals that indicated it had cleared the station, opening the line to an express passenger train. At the time, ICRR passenger equipment was painted dark green, and in the foggy morning air, the express engineer never saw the stopped commuter train. His train slid into the rear car of the commuter train, known as "telescoping" because cars slide into other cars, much as tubes of a telescope slide together. 45 people were killed with 332 injured. As a result of the accident, all Chicago area passenger cars are now painted on the ends with orange and white stripes to improve visibility.

...in 1811, Sense and Sensibility was published in London. The popular book was published anonymously, and although a few members of high society figured out the identity of the author, most everyone else knew the book was written by a Lady. Jane Austen was born in 1775 into the family of a clergyman. She had seven siblings, and she was closest to to her older sister, Cassandra. Jane began writing at 12 and was a voracious reader. She hid her efforts from most of her friends, remained unmarried and died at the age of 42. She also published Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park and Emma.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

As the ghost said when he bit into the empty frankfurter, "Happy Hollow Weenie!" (With no ketchup, only mustard.)

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we plummeted down to 85 candles last night, after a high of at least 135 yesterday. As always, a reminder that candles go out after 48 hours and, remember, help keep Paige and her children in our minds by lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1517, in the city of Wittenberg, Germany, Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the Castle Church, setting off the Protestant revolution that would change Western society. Luther, a priest and scholar, was upset with the church's practice of accepting payments in exchange for the absolution of sins. The practice, known as selling Indulgences, frustrated Luther,and his protest culminated in writing the 95 Theses. They were quickly translated into Latin from German, and he was urged to recant. He did not. In 1521, he was excommunicated by Pope Leo X and at the same time, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V or Germany issued the Edict of Worms, calling for the death of Luther with impunity. Under the protection of Prince Frederick, Luther translated the bible into German, which took about 10 years. Members of royalty who supported and protected Luther became known as Protestants, a name that was soon extended to followers of Luther. He died, of natural causes, in 1546 but nearly five centuries later, his efforts still influence millions of Christians.

...in 1926, Erik Weisz died in Detroit from a ruptured appendix. He was born in Budapest in 1874, the son of a rabbi. His family immigrated to Appleton, Wisconsin where the boy showed natural athletic ability along with a knack for picking locks, and he practiced tying and untying knots with his toes. When he was 9, he ran away and joined a circus as a contortionist and trapeze artist. He soon began acting as an escape artist and would challenge policemen from town to town to hold him in handcuffs. He gained great notoriety for escaping from jail cells and handcuffs all over the world. He was greatly influenced by the magic of French illusionist, Jean Eugène Robert-Houdin, and adopted the name as his own - Harry Houdini. Houdini, however, did not rely on illusion for his escapes, it was all athleticism, great effort and concentration. He was, however, also a master illusionist and, unknown to most, was a pioneer aviator. (He was the first man to fly a powered, controlled, flight across Australia in 1910.) He spent a great part of his life debunking mediums and spiritualists, and made arrangements to contact his wife if he passed over before she did. Ironically, he died on Halloween and as far as anyone knows, has never made contact from the other side.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/HarryHoudini1899.jpg/225px-HarryHoudini1899.jpg
Erik Weisz, aka Harry Houdini

...in 1892, Arthur Conan Doyle published his first collection of Sherlock Holmes stories in book form, called The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. Several short stories featuring the detective had been published prior to that event. Doyle was actually educated as a doctor at the University of Edinburgh where one of his teachers was partial inspiration for Holmes. Doyle was knighted in 1902, not for writing, but for his work in a South African hospital.

...in 1992, the Catholic Church restored Galileo Galilei. For centuries, the Catholic Church was firmly rooted in the geocentric concept that the earth did not move because it was the center of the universe. Galileo believed in the Copernican theory that the earth revolved around the sun, or a heliocentric concept of the universe. Because he stood for his beliefs, in 1633 the church banned publication of his work and sentenced him to house arrest for his heretical views. In 1992, Pope John Paul II expressed regret over Galileo and officially conceded that the earth does, in fact, move.

...in 1941, Mount Rushmore was completed. Sculptor, Gutzon Borglum, worked on the monument until his death in March of 1941. His son, Lincoln Borglum, continued the work and completed the last drilling on this date in 1941. The monument was not formally dedicated, as the US became embroiled in World War II shortly afterward. On the 50th anniversary of the completion of the monument, July 3, 1991, President George H.W. Bush dedicated the memorial.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were at 119 candles last night, down from earlier this week but higher than the last couple of days. As always, a reminder that candles go out after 48 hours and that totals tend to drop on the weekends. Let's keep Paige in our memories by lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1512, the Sistine Chapel in Rome was opened to the public for the first time, after the completion of Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni's little paint job on the ceiling. Michelangelo was apprenticed at the age of 13 and his obvious talent caused him to be taken under the wing of Lorenzo de' Medici, you may recall from your world history class that the de' Medici family pretty much ran Florence at that time. His sculptures, Pietà and David stunned the art world (as they continue to do today) and he was commissioned to paint frescoes on the ceiling of the chapel, the most sacred consecrated location in the Vatican. (Fresco is a technique of applying paint to wet plaster, making the paint a part of the wall surface.) The ceiling took many years to complete, with nine panels dedicated to biblical scenes. The most famous is The Creation of Adam which is revered and warmly parodied.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/The_Creation_of_Adam.jpg/800px-The_Creation_of_Adam.jpg
"Pull my finger."

After completion of the epic work, he returned to Florence where he pursued architecture. (He designed the famous dome of St. Peter's Basilica, one of the most astounding feats of Renaissance engineering.) He returned to Rome in 1534 and painted The Last Judgment above the alter in the Sistine Chapel. He worked until his death at the age of 88.

The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel was restored in the 20th Century. The project began in 1979 and was unveiled in 1999. The restoration was not without its critics and remains controversial. You can learn more about the restoration and see some striking photos of the work on this site (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restoration_of_the_Sistine_Chapel_frescoes).

...in 1927, the factories of Ford Motor Company began to manufacture The New Ford. When the 15 Millionth Model T was driven off the line in May of 1927 by Henry and Edsel Ford, all production stopped. Henry was reported to have said, "Well, Boys, we better get busy designing a new one." Never before, or since, has a model ceased production before a new one was designed. Henry Ford wanted to be a leader, not a follower, so a six cylinder engine was out of the question. He had been working on a V-8, but it was not ready, so an interim vehicle needed to be designed. The result was the Model A. Henry said it was not the Model U, because they wiped the slate clean and started over with an all-new Ford. Detroit actually went into a mini-recession for the six months that Ford wasn't building cars, besides Ford laying off workers, buyers were not purchasing new cars while they waited to see what The New Ford would be. It was a beauty, Edsel had driven the styling of The New Ford, based on Lincoln designs, and the Model A was also known as The Baby Lincoln. There were 5 million Model A's built in the four years of production, into Spring of 1932, when the revolutionary Ford flathead V-8 was introduced. The Model A was offered in a wide array of body styles, coupes, sedans, roadsters, touring (phaeton) and trucks. You can read more at the website of the Model A Ford Club of America (http://www.mafca.com/index.html).

http://www.mafca.com/photos/28phaetonLS.jpg
The New Ford - a 1928 Phaeton

...in 1947, with Howard Hughes at the controls, the world's largest airplane took flight. The H-4 Hercules, more popularly known as "The Spruce Goose," was the brainchild of Howard Hughes and Kaiser Aircraft as a massive troop carrier. The flying boat was conceived during World War II with the proviso that it could not contain aluminum or any other metal considered vital to the war effort. It was called the HK-1 for Hughes-Kaiser Design 1. Fairchild Aircraft had developed a process called "Duramold" that Hughes purchased to build his aircraft. Duramold was a laminate of wood, grains alternating perpendicular to the previous layer, with plastic glue between layers. The laminate was formed into shapes and cured with heat, completing components that many engineers considered to be lighter and stronger than aluminum. Kaiser pulled out of the project and Hughes renamed the craft H-4 for Hughes Aircraft's fourth design. The flying boat had taken too long and gone over budget, and at the completion of WWII was no longer needed. On this date, Hughes flew the craft for little over a mile at 70 feet of altitude, proving it would fly. Hughes put it into hibernation at a cost of $1 million per year. After his death in 1976, the craft wound up in the hands of the Wrather Corporation and went on display next to the Queen Mary. After Jack Wrather died, his assets were purchased by Disney Corporation, which discontinued the display. The Spruce Goose was transferred to the Evergreen International Aviation & Space Museum (http://www.sprucegoose.org/aircraft_artifacts/exhibits.html) in McMinnville, Oregon.

http://www.sprucegoose.org/images/H4Flight1.jpg
The H-4 Hercules "Spruce Goose" few on November 1, 1947

...in 1993, the Maastricht Treaty took effect. The treaty formally established the European Union, creating a central bank, one currency and security measures. Twelve nations form the EU, Great Britain, France, Germany, the Irish Republic, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece, Denmark, Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands. In 1995, they were joined by Austria, Finland and Sweden. Through centuries of history, these nations have been at each others' throats with centuries of bloody wars but now, economic conditions have brought them all together.

...in 1938, the race of the year was held at Pimlico Race Track, when War Admiral, the son of the great race horse, Man o' War, met the popular rags-to-riches horse, Seabiscuit. The build-up to the race was huge and over a year in length. War Admiral was the favorite, posting 1 to 4 while Seabiscuit was 2 to 1. The largest crowd in Pimlico history was on hand, millions were listing on an NBC radio hookup and newsreel cameras cranking, the race was ready to start. There were two false starts. The third time was the charm and the two giants of racing were off with Seabiscuit winning by three lengths. The time of the race was 1:56 3/5 which broke the Pimlico record. At the year end, War Admiral had wond more races, but Seabiscuit was Horse of the Year. (And had two movies made about himself. Two? The first one, in 1949, starred Shirley Temple and Barry Fitzgerald and isn't well liked. ) You can watch the race on YouTube, Seabiscuit v. War Admiral (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVT2MPNCqgM).

http://horseracing.about.com/library/graphics/photos/seawar.jpg

...in 1924, a famous lawman was shot and killed. It is rather distressing that we've all heard of Butch Cassidy, Billy the Kid, the Clantons, the Youngers and Jesse James, but you've never heard of William Tilghman - until now. Tilghman was born in Fort Dodge, Iowa and left home at the age of 16. He started his career in a less that auspicious style by trying his hand at rustling, but when that didn't work out, he went straight and settled in Dodge City. He was a deputy sheriff of Ford County, and later marshall. Inn 1891, he became a US Marshall for Kansas and Oklahoma, where he helped establish law and order by arresting many of the big-name criminals of the day. He served a term as a legislator, was police chief in Oklahoma City and made a movie, but in 1924, he couldn't stay away from the badge and became a marshall. He was shot and killed at the age of 71 by a corrupt prohibition agent.

...in 1959, Jacques Plante of the Montreal Canadiens put on a mask, the first goalie to do so. His coach threw a fit, the crowd razed him merciously, but he didn't care. "I already had four broken noses, a broken jaw, two broken cheekbones and almost 200 stitches in my head," he said. "I didn’t care how the mask looked." It must have been effective because he was one of the best goalies ever and played until 1975.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were up over 150 candles yesterday and we were at 151 as of this post! As always, a reminder that candles go out after 48 hours. Remember to keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1948, Democratic incumbent Harry S. Truman defeated his Republican challenger, Governor Thomas E. Dewey of New York. In those days, unlike today (nod, nod, wink, wink) the press was firmly in the tank for Thomas Dewey and all indication were that he would easily defeat the surprisingly unpopular Truman. He went on a last minute whistle stop campaign, projecting himself as an outsider with a do-nothing Congress. (You see, history does repeat itself!) Before all the votes were in, the Chicago Tibune printed an early edition with the banner headline, DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN. When the smoke cleared, Truman had won by a slim margin.

http://www.chicagotribune.com/media/photo/2008-01/34569547.jpg
"That ain't the way we heard it!"

...in 1920, KDKA radio in Pittsburgh became the first radio station to broadcast the results of the Presidential election between James M. Cox and Warren G. Harding. It represented the first major news broadcast via radio. By 1922, there were over 500 radio stations broadcasting and receivers began selling at quite a clip. A museum of radio is located in Ligonier, Indiana, between South Bend and Fort Wayne on the old Lincoln Highway. It's worth a stop to see what radio was like in those pioneer days. (Edited to add, sadly, due to the death of the owner, the museum has been closed and the collection has been auctioned off.)

http://home.att.net/~indianahistoricalradio/ihrp6m1.jpg

...in 1960, a court handed down a verdict of Not Guilty in the landmark obscenity case brought against Penguin Books for publishing an uncensored version of D.H. Lawrence's Lady Chatterly's Lover about the wife of a wealthy, paralyzed nobleman and the estate's gamekeeper. If was first published in Florence in 1928, Paris in 1929 and a censored version in London in 1932. In 1959, the full text was published in New York and London in 1960. Lawrence's titles included Sons and Lovers (an autobiographical novel) The Rainbow, The White Peacock and Women in Love. He died of tuberculosis, at the age of 44, in 1930. "Ours is essentially a tragic age, so we refuse to take it tragically."

...in 1912, the end of the Old West began when the enormous XIT Ranch, in the panhandle of Texas, sold its last head of cattle. The giant operation was the largest cattle ranch ever, owning over 3,000,000 acres spread over 9 counties. It was owned by a Chicago business syndicate, led by the Farwell Brothers, John V. and Charles B. Farwell, formed to capitalize on the demand for western beef in 1885. The ranch also erected 325 windmills and built 100 dams. By 1905, as bonds became due, the ranch still wasn't profitable, so the land started to be subdivided and by 1912, it was out of the cattle business.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/XIT_cowboys.jpg

What ranch-hand cowboys really looked like - not the way Hollywood always portrayed them.

...in 1993, Christie Todd Whitman was elected governor of New Jersey, the first woman to govern the state. She was the second woman in the United States, and first Republican woman, to defeat an incumbant governor. An enthusiast of Scottish Terriers, she sent a puppy, named Barney, to President and Laura Bush at the White House. Whitman was also the Administrator of the EPA in the Bush Administration from 2001 to 2003. Today she is a director of Texas Instruments and United Technologies. In her book, It's My Party, Too! she said, "The defining feature of the conservative viewpoint is a faith in the ability, and a respect for the right, of individuals to make their own decisions - economic, social, and spiritual - about their lives. The true conservative understands that government's track record in respecting individual rights is poor when it dictates individual choices."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/WhitmanChristineTodd.jpg
Christine Todd Whitman, Official Portrait from the EPA

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were 129 candles as of this post. As always, a reminder that candles go out after 48 hours and to help keep Paige in our memories, keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1941, the Combined Japanese Fleet received Top-Secret Order Number 1: The United States Naval Base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii is to be bombed in 34 days. The order also said harbors at Mayala, the Dutch East Indies and the Philippines would also be bombed. The thought was that with the American navy severely damaged, the Japanese Navy could act with impunity in the Pacific. It was also believed that with the Americans facing conflict in Europe that a favorable peace would be negotiable. Admiral Yamamoto, who masterminded the strategy, did fear the Americans would react in just the opposite way, and with their superior industrial might, could crush the Empire. He is reported to have said about the strategy planed for December 7, "I can run wild for six months … after that, I have no expectation of success." The decisive Battle of Midway, that turned the tide against the Japanese Navy, ended on June 7, 1941, exactly six months after the attack on Pearl Harbor.

...in 1981, relief pitcher, Rollie Fingers won the Cy Young award for the Milwaukee Brewers. Just one year later...

...in 1982, Pete Vukovitch won the Cy Young Award for the Milwaukee Brewers. The Brewers lost the world series to St. Louis in a heartbreaking 7th game.

...in 1931, from Washington, D.C., President Herbert Hoover turned a golden key that rang bells in Detroit, Michigan USA and Windsor, Ontario Canada, signaling the opening the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel. It was the first international tunnel constructed but it also severed as a freeway for illegal liquor to be smuggled into the dry, prohibition law, United States. The tunnel was opened a year ahead of schedule and cost $23 million. It is 5,160 feet long and can handle up to 2,000 cars per hour. Today, it remains a vital international link.

...in 1862, Dr. Richard Gatling received a patent for a machine gun. He sincerely believed that the weapon, that fired an astounding 200 rounds per minute, would threaten to cause so much carnage that it would end the Civil War. Modern Gatling guns are capable of firing 3900 rounds per minute - that's 65 shots per second. Dr. Gatling also patented a rice planting device that became a successful wheat drill, but Dr. Gatling is best remembered for the awful weapon that bears his name.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Gatling_gun.jpg/180px-Gatling_gun.jpg
An 1876 version of Dr. Gatling's invention, on display at the Fort Laramie Museum.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were at 123 candles as of this post. As always, a reminder that candles go out after 48 hours. Remember to keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1939, at the National Auto Show in Chicago, a Packard automobile featured the first air conditioning unit in an automobile. The innovation created a stir and a lot of interest, but the price was well out of the range of the typical automobile buyer. (Air conditioning was a $274 option on the Packard, already one of the priciest automobiles in the marketplace.) It was not until the 1970's that air conditioning started to become a regular feature on most automobiles because, once people had an air conditioned car, they never wanted to give it up.

http://oldcarandtruckpictures.com/Packard/1936Packard-V12-Formal-Sedan.jpg

...in 1922, an archaeologist from Great Britain, Howard Carter and his crew, discovered a step that led them to the yet undiscovered, tomb of 18 year old King Tutankhamen. The interior of the tomb was intact, rare for the tombs in the area, as most had been raided over the centuries. While thousands of objects were recovered from the tomb, the most astounding was a stone sarcophagus that contained three nested coffins, the last being solid gold and containing the mummy of King Tut, the boy-king, preserved for more than 3,000 years.

...in 1956, in a story that sounds eerilly too familiar to current events, the Soviet Union sent armored troops into Budapest to crush weeks of protests and faltering political controls. Hungarian protesters demanded a more democratic government and freedom from the iron rule of the Soviets. The Soviets installed Imre Nagy to run the country. He restored the peace and asked the Soviets to withdraw, which they did. Nagy then tried to abolish the one-party system and announced Hungary would withdraw from the Warsaw Pact. In response, the Soviets invaded and, despite great efforts by the rebels, killed thousands of Hungarians. Nagy was taken into custody and executed.

...in 1979, students who were followers of Ayatollah Khomeini stormed the US Embassy in Tehran, seizing the complex and taking 90 Americans hostage. The deposed Shah of Iran was scheduled to undergo medical treatment in the United States, and the radical Islamic fundamentalists were enraged over the reports of the Shah's treatment. They threatened to start murdering the hostages if the Shah entered the US or if there was any rescue attempt. President Jimmy Carter botched negotiations from day one, the Iranian leader resigned and the Ayatollah Khomeini took control of the country, as well as control of the hostages. 14 days after seizing the embassy, the Ayatollah released non-American captives, along with female and minority Americans, using them as propaganda tools, claiming they were the oppressed people in the United States. Years later, the Ayatollah said in his memoirs that once no Cruise missiles landed in Tehran, he knew he had President Carter by the...well, he was in control. He played the American press like a violin and continued to make President Carter look like a weak and ineffective leader. Carter ordered an ill-conceived rescue on April 24, 1980, that cost eight American soldiers their lives and no hostages were released, as the mission never came close to Tehran. The Shah died in Egypt, but the crisis continued because Khomeini, and not Carter, was in control. When Ronald Reagan defeated Carter in the 1980 election, it was obvious there was a new sheriff coming to town, one with far more brass than the previous one. Khomeini decided negotiation with Reagan, through Algerian intermediaries, was better than risking the consequences with an unknown quantity. Within minutes of Reagan's inauguration, the hostages were on a plane out of Iran and on their way home, ending their 444 day ordeal. Jimmy Carter, in an audacious move, met the hostages in West Germany to welcome them home.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we dropped to well below 100 candles yesterday but we were back up to 111 as of this post. As always, a reminder that candles go out after 48 hours and please, remember to keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1985, George B. Selden received a patent for a gasoline powered automobile. He conceived the device while serving during the Civil War but never actually tried to built a machine. A lawyer by trade, he created drawings and a vague enough design to cover just about any self-propelled vehicle. The patent was issued for what he termed a "road engine," basically a high-wheeled buckboard with an engine instead of horses. His concepts were far behind those of contemporary designs, but his patent assured a monopoly that prevented anyone from building a self-powered vehicle that wasn't covered by his vague design. Selden created a syndicate that collected royalties from auto manufacturers, but in 1903, the newly formed Ford Motor Company refused to pay the royalty. Selden sued. The case dragged out until 1909, when a New York Court ruled in favor of the ALAM, the Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers. Ford appealed, and in 1911, the ruling was overturned and the Selden patent was broken once and for all.

...in 1960, country star Johnny Horton, who's hit The Battle of New Orleans reached number 1 in 1959, died in an automobile accident after playing his last show at the Skyliner, in Austin, Texas. In 1953, Hank Williams also played his last show at the Skyliner before he perished in his automobile. To add to the irony, Jahnny Horton's widow was Billie Jean Jones, who was also the widow of Hank Williams.

...in 1988, three NBA teams inaugurated new arenas. In Auburn Hill, Michigan, the Pistons defeated the Charlotte Hornets, 94-85. In Miami, Florida, the Heat lost to the Los Angeles Clippers, 111-91 and in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the Atlanta Hawks defeated the Bucks 107-94. Ironically, the Hawks had moved from Milwaukee in 1955.

...in 1872, Susan B. Anthony voted in an election in Rochester, New York, unheard of for a mere woman to do, and considered illegal. She used the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution to back her claim for the right to vote, because of the wording, "all persons born and naturalized in the United States...are citizens of the United States." She assumed that by that definition, she was a citizen of the United States and as a citizen, was entitled to the "privileges" of citizens of the United States, which in the eyes of Susan B. Anthony, meant the right to vote. She lost her trial and was fined $100.00 of which she never paid a penny. While she never paid a penny of her fine, sadly, she is remembered by one of the most unpopular and useless coins ever minted in the United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/1999_SBA_Obv_P.png/150px-1999_SBA_Obv_P.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/1999_SBA_Rev_P.png/150px-1999_SBA_Rev_P.png

Obverse and Reverse of the "Susie B" Dollar Coin. It was
minted from 1979-1981 (during the Jimmy Carter Administration)
and was derided as the Carter Quarter. The coin was too easily
confused with a twenty five cent piece and quickly fell out of favor.
Hopefully, Susan B. Anthony is remember for her deeds, and not her coin.


That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were below 100 candles again yesterday but we were back up to 103 as of this post. As always, a reminder that candles go out after 48 hours and let's keep Paige and her children in our minds by remembering to keep lighting candles.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1982, a human black widow, named Shirley Allen was arrested for using ethylene glycol (anti-freeze) to poison her husband, Lloyd Allen. Lloyd was Shirley's sixth husband and the second to die under mysterious circumstances. The other four divorced her while they still had the chance to do so. John Gregg, the unfortunate husband from a 1977 marriage, died in 1978. Shirley was particularly steamed that he had taken her name off his life insurance policy, leaving her with nothing. Lloyd had complained of his coffee tasting odd, but she told him it was an iron supplement. Another previous husband, Joe Sinclair, baled when he thought his coffee tasted a bit odd, too. Shirley was turned in by her daughter, convicted after a four day trial and sentenced to life in 1983.

...in 1899, James Ward Packard completed building his first automobile. The wire manufacturer from Warren, Ohio, bought one of Alexander Winton's cars but it gave him trouble. After working on the Winton and all but rebuilding it, he decided he could build a better car, and did. Henry Bourne Joy bought a Packard in 1902, and liked the car so much that he bought the company and moved it to Detroit. Packard automobiles were some of the finest built and were sold under the slogan, ""Ask the man who owns one."

...in 1906, President Teddy Roosevelt made a 17 day sojourn to Panama and Puerto Rico. He had a great interest in the area after serving in the Spanish-American War, where Puerto Rico became a protectorate. Both President McKinley, and President Roosevelt who took over the Presidency after McKinley's assassination, had promised to help Puerto Rico set up an autonomous government but also offered Puerto Ricans American citizenship. Roosevelt also visited the construction site of the Panama Canal. The project had undergone numerous problems of disease and morale, even bankruptcy, when President Roosevelt had the United States take over the project. His interest resulted in the palindrome, A MAN A PLAN A CANAL PANAMA!

(A palindrome reads the same forward and backwards, like deed, pop, level or madam. Other palindromes include MADAM, I'M ADAM and I DID, DID I?)

...in 1995, Art Modell moved his NFL team out of Cleveland and into Baltimore. After Cleveland had built a new baseball stadium and basketball arena, Modell expected a new football stadium, too, but he didn't think one was coming. Baltimore, still smarting from the Colts moving to Indianapolis under the cover of darkness, wanted a team badly enough to make an offer that Modell couldn't refuse. The fans and Cleveland were more than outraged and sued the NFL. Although they lost the team, they were able to keep the team name, Browns, forcing Modell to rename his team the Ravens. Cleveland would land an expansion team in 1999, but if you ask a Cleveland football fan about Art Modell and the NFL, be prepared for an earful.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

I'm on my way to work (Gears of War 2 (http://gearsofwar.xbox.com/AgeGate.htm)) so this report is being filed a bit early.

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were holding at 100 as of this post. As always, a reminder that candles go out after 48 hours. Remember to keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1874, the Republican Party was represented in a cartoon as an elephant. The image stuck, and to this day, the elephant is the symbol of the party.

...in 1917, the Bolshevik Revolution began as Vladamir Lenin's forces overthrew the Czarist government of Russia. (Apparently, they wanted change, too.)

...in 1991, Earvin "Magic" Johnson announced his retirement from the NBA. The startling news came in the middle of what would become a Hall of Fame career, but even more shocking because he announced that he was HIV Positive. In 13 years with the Los Angeles Lakers, Johnson amassed impressive statistics, including five NBA World Championships. Today, he is a successful businessman and advocate for AIDS survivors. He is proof that AIDS is not a death sentence as it once was, but a manageable condition.

...in 1940, the Tacoma Narrows Bridge, popularly known as Gallopin' Gertie, collapsed. It opened to great fanfare in 1940, but a critical design flaw led to the nickname and the eventual failure. It was the third longest suspension bridge in the world when it opened, but the winds in the Tacoma Narrows happened to reach the natural frequency of the bridge, causing it to sway at first, then dance in a perfect sine wave. The last car on the bridge was that of Leonard Cotsworth, the copy editor of the Tacoma News-Tribune. In a famous film of the collapse, Cotsworth can be seen struggling to walk back to the end of the bridge, while his daughter's black cocker spaniel stayed in the car and refused to come out. The dog was the only fatality in the collapse.

You can see the dramatic collapse of Galloping Gertie (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-zczJXSxnw) on YouTube. Chris, I recommend that you do not watch this film!

That's it. That's all we know as of 11:31 PM, EST, 11/6/08.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments. There was a fire in a dumpster in Grand Junction yesterday, in which a man died. The cause of death appears to be smoke and soot inhalation, and was ruled an accident. The incident did not involve anyone connected to Paige's case - that we know of, anyway.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were under 100 candles (98) as of this post. As always, a reminder that candles go out after 48 hours. Please remember that totals usually drop on weekends, so let's keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen began serious research and experimentation with a type of radiation that, he observed, passed through cardboard and other materials. He called the radiation X-rays because of their unknown properties. He discovered medical uses for X-rays by making an image of his wife's hand, in which she was wearing a ring, the first X-ray image of a human body part. Röntgen received the first-ever Nobel Prize for Physics because of his work. Today, the unit of measure for radiation is called a "Röntgen" and in many parts of the world, X-rays are called Röntgen Rays. (Others continued the work, Thomas Edison developed a useful X-ray tube and Nicola Tesla, Edison's biggest competitor, recognized the harmful effects of X-rays on human tissue. Edison's assistant, Clarence Daily, died of skin cancer but the effects of radiation damage were still misunderstood. In fact, shoe stores, starting in the '30s and well into the '50s, had X-ray machines to verify proper fit of shoes before anyone thought that wasn't such a bright idea.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6e/Anna_Berthe_Roentgen.gif
Hand mit Ringen (Hand with Ring): Print of Wilhelm Röntgen's (1845-1923) first x-ray, the hand of his wife Anna taken on December 22, 1895 and presented to Professor Ludwig Zehnder of the Physik Institut, University of Freiburg, on 1 January 1896.

...in 1923, Adolph Hitler led what has become known as the Beer Hall Putsch, his first attempt to take control of the German government. The Treaty of Versailles imposed huge war reparation payments upon Germany that strained the German government in attempts to meet the demands. The value of the Mark plummeted and inflation ran rampant. The population was discontent and ready to blame anyone for the problems they faced, and Hitler provided them with a perfect scapegoat, German Jews. On this date in 1923, Hitler and his storm troopers burst into a beer hall where Bavarian leaders were meeting with business leaders. At gunpoint, the leaders pledged alligience to Hitler's new regime, but repudiated the pledge the next day. Hitler was arrested, and while in jail, wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) and in 1932, led the Nazi party to majority control in the Reichstag (sort of like our Congress) and eventually displaced the Kaiser in 1934, setting the stage for Hitler's grand plan of genocide and world domination.

...in 1956, over the protestation of Henry Ford II, the Ford Motor Company decided to name a new automobile after Edsel Bryant Ford. Edsel was the son of founder, Henry Ford and father of Henry Ford II. Edsel was president of Ford Motor Company from 1919 until his death in 1943, and the force behind some of Ford's best designs. The Edsel was supposed to be a whole new automobile, unlike anything else on the road, and would be a new division of Ford Motor Company to compete with the Buick and Oldsmobile lines over at GM. The design was certainly unlike anything else on the road and included new, high-tech gadgets including a push-button transmission control in the steering wheel. Unfortunately, the country went into a minor recession and the market was not ready for a new upscale brand. At the last minute, Ford decided to scrub the idea of a new division and Edsels were built on the same line with the Ford full size cars, much to the dismay of the auto workers. The product was not warmly received and was plagued with quality problems. Today, the name, "Edsel" is no longer remembered for a brilliant automotive executive and designer, but as a colossal business failure, right up there with New Coke.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Edsel_Citation_Convertible_1958.jpg/250px-Edsel_Citation_Convertible_1958.jpg
The 1958 Edsel was often referred to as a Ford sucking a lemon.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Edsel_1959.jpg/250px-Edsel_1959.jpg
The 1959 Edsel was probably the best looking of the bunch.

...in 2006, Donald Rumsfeld resigned as Secretary of Defense.

...in 1970, Tom Dempsey set an NFL record for the longest field goal of 63 yards, giving the hapless New Orleans Saints a last second victory over the Detroit Lions. Dempsey was born in 1947 in Milwaukee but grew up in California where he took up place kicking. He was born without a right foot or a right hand. He wore a specially designed shoe that fit over a prosthetic foot, made of wood. His critics claimed the shape of his prosthetic foot gave him an avantage over other kickers. A special rule was created, the Dempsey Rule, that states that anyone with a prosthetic limb has to wear conventional shoes. Dempsey's record still stands, although it was tied by Jason Elam of the Denver Broncos in 1998. It's a record that is likely to stand for a long time - according to the NFL, the record has only been broken four times in the history of the league.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/88/Tom_dempsey.jpg
Tom Dempsey's feet.

YouTube: Tom Dempsey's Feat (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zrxTjgFYoU8).

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were below 100 candles yesterday but we were at 117 as of this post! As always, a reminder that candles go out after 48 hours and, remember, lighting candles for Paige and her three children keep them all in our memories and hearts.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1938, a night of terror, organized destruction of homes, businesses and property, as well as beatings and murders, took place in Germany. The pogrom has become known as Kristallnacht ("Night of Broken Glass") because of the cost of the glass broken in the looting of Jewish businesses. The attacks were performed by SS storm troopers under orders from Joseph Goebbels, the Nazi minister of propaganda, with emphasis on arresting as many Jews as possible for transport to concentration camps. Reinhard Heydrich, second in command of the Gestapo, reported to Goebbels that Kristallnacht resulted in "...815 shops destroyed, 171 dwellings set on fire or destroyed, 119 synagogues were set on fire and another 76 completely destroyed. 20,000 Jews were arrested, 36 deats were reported and those seriously injured were also numbered at 36." The damages were far beyond Hedrich's report, with 92 murdered and over 7500 shops looted. There were several cases of rape. In an incredible irony, rapists were expelled from the Nazi party and turned over to the police for prosecution, because Nazi law prohibited intercourse between Jews and Germans. Those who murdered Jews, though, were not punished because they were "following orders." Those who survived were forced to pay for the damages inflicted, and insurance companies faced bankruptcy because of the claims. To help out, the Nazis confiscated the insurance funds and returned them to the companies so they could remain solvent.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/74/1938_Interior_of_Berlin_synagogue_after_Kristallna cht.jpg/300px-1938_Interior_of_Berlin_synagogue_after_Kristallna cht.jpg
A synagogue destroyed during Kristallnacht.

...in 1960, Robert McNamara became President of Ford Motor Company. He was one of a group of 10 military intelligence and logistics officers that offered themselves to American industry to the highest bidder - the rule was all ten were hired, or no one was hired. Henry Ford II was the highest bidder. The group became known as the "Quiz Kids" because they haunted every department at Ford, asking questions about how and why certain procedures were used. The team helped turn Ford from a money loser to a money maker, and the moniker changed to the "Whiz Kids." McNamara would only serve for about two months, because in January, 1961, he was selected by President-Elect Kennedy to serve as his Secretary of Defense, where he would become a controversial figure because of the Viet Nam situation.

...in 1975, the giant ore freighter, SS Edmund Fitzgerald left the ore docks of Superior, Wisconsin at 2:15 PM, embarking on its last voyage. The ship would sail into infamy in the evening hours of November 10.

...in 1989, the government of East Germany opened the Berlin Wall, allowing free travel between the sections of the divided city for the first time since the construction of the wall in 1961. The next day, citizens began to act out US President Ronald Reagan's plea and began to tear down the wall.

...in 1965, the failure of a transmission line in Ontario caused a cascade of transmission line overloads that plunged New York City and seven neighboring states into total darkness. The blackout stranded nearly 1 million commuters in subways and elevators, with thousands trapped in traffic jams that resulted from no traffic lights. All in all, 30 million people in eight states, Ontario and Quebec were effected by the blackout. Exactly nine months later, maternity wards in the eight state area reported a record number of births.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were up over 150 candles yesterday but we were at 102 as of this post. As always, a reminder that candles go out after 48 hours. Remember to keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1975, the SS Edmund Fitzgerald sank in Lake Superior, just 17 miles away from safe harbor in Whitefish Point, Michigan. All 29 men aboard perished in the sinking. The story of "The Fitz" was told by Gordon Lightfoot in his ballad, The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald. The story of the sinking was told on this site last year. You can view the story in this thread, November 10, 1975 - The Last Voyage of the Edmund Fitzgerald (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/november-10-1975-last-voyage-edmund-fitzgerald-28858/) which you can read by following the link.

...in 1775, during the Revolutionary War, the Continental Congress recognized that the newly commissioned US Navy needed a landing force, and chartered the Continental Marines. The bill that created the Corps was written by John Adams and, although the corps was disbanded between 1783 and 1798, this date is recognized as the birthday of the corps. The Marines have seen action all around the world as a vital part of military stragegy. During the Revolution, the Maines took a British storehouse in the Bahamas, stormed Chapultepec Palace in the Mexican-American War (From the halls of Montezuma) and against the Barbary pirates (To the shored of Tripoli.) As a branch of the Navy, the Marines are prepared to fight, and have fought, where ever needed (We will fight our country's battles, In the air, on land and sea) and have made over 300 amphibious assaults on foreign shores. The Marines have been a part of every American conflict, often the first forces to see action. (First to fight for right and freedom.) There is a level of pride maintained by Marines, and code to the corps And to keep our honor clean, We are proud to claim the title of United States Marine) and once a Marine, always a Marine. Semper fi.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/USMC_War_Memorial_Sunset_Parade_2008-07-08.jpg/300px-USMC_War_Memorial_Sunset_Parade_2008-07-08.jpg
Sunset parade at the Marine Corps Memorial in Arlington, Virginia. The statue is a depiction of Joe Rosenthal's famous photo of the flag raising over Iwo Jima, featuring Marines Michael Strank, Harlon Block, Franklin Sousley, Rene Gagnon, Ira Hayes and Navy corpsman, John Bradley. Photo by

Hear the Marines Hymn (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qh-WT_hGztU&NR=1) on YouTube.

...in 1928, the first installment of Erich Maria Remarque's cutting-edge novel or World War I, All Quiet On The Western Front was published in the German magazine Vossische Zeitung. Remarque enlisted in the German army at the age of 18 and was sent to fight in the trenches of the Western Front of the war, where he was wounded five times. He worked in numerous jobs, teacher, stonecutter, journalist and even an automobile test driver, all while working on his novel. The German title of the book, Im Western Nichts Neues (literally, In the West, Nothing New) a disillusioned young soldier goes to fight in the trenches and loses half of his company. The book was translated into twenty languages and was made into a Hollywood movie in 1930. It was not without its critics, most notably the leaders of the Nazi party, and Remarque was stripped of his citizenship when they came to power. All Quiet On The Western Front was one of the first "degenerate books" to be publically burned by the Nazis, who claimed he was really of Jewish descent, pointing out that his name was really "Kramer." (That's the German spelling of his name, Remark, backwards.) Remarque emmigrated to the United States where he was a consort to Marlene Dietrich. He married actress, Paulette Goddard in 1958 and moved to Switzerland, where he died in 1970. His last book, The Night In Lisbon (1962) was about the plight of World War II refugees and a condemnation of Hitler's attempt to exterminate the Jews on behalf of the Master Race.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/76/AllQuietOnTheWesternFront.jpg/200px-AllQuietOnTheWesternFront.jpg
All Quiet On The Western Front is still recognized as one of the best anti-war stories.

...in 1969, the Children's Television Workshop, including Jim Henson, went on the air with Sesame Street. It is estimated that over 74 million Americans have been educated by Sesame Street, although critics claim, and perhpas with some validity, that the short, staccato and entertaining segments have reduced American attention spans.

...in 1928, legendary coach Knute Rockne, made the most famous halftime speech in history, when he reminded the Fighting Irish about teammate, George Gipp, and asked the team to "...win one for the Gipper." The Irish went on to defeat Army, 12-6.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so the usual phrase repeats: No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), sadly, we are down to 94 candles after having been over 100 for so many days in a row. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours, and please, help keep Paige alive in our memory by keeping candles lit for her and her family.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1918, the War to End All Wars concluded on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month. At 5 AM, the Germans signed the armistice agreement with the Allies, in a railroad car, located in Compiégne, France. (In 1940, in symbolic revenge, Adolph Hitler would have France sign a treaty of capitualtion in the same railroad car) World War I was called the War to End All Wars because of the great death toll - nine million soldiers dead, 21 million wounded and at least five million civilians perished because of collateral damage, disease, starvation or exposure. The Russian army was so badly organized that it suffered heavy losses to the Germans, one of the events that led to the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. The war was settled by the Treaty of Versailles, that laid heavy punitive damages on Germany, causing it to teeter on the brink of collapse. The treaty was a cause of the Great Depression and created hardships in Germany that opened the door to the Nazi takeover and facilitated Hitler's rise to power.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Armisticetrain.jpg/180px-Armisticetrain.jpg
The Armistice was signed on this private railroad car.
In 1941, in mock retribution, Adolph Hitler forced France to
capitulate in this same car.

...in 1921, on the day that was then known as Armistice Day (for the armistice that ended WW I) the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier was dedicated at Arlington National Cemetery. In a ceremony attended by President Harding and dignitaries representing the military and foreign powers, an unknown soldier was placed in the tomb. His remains were placed on top of a two inch layer of French soil that had been brought in so he would "...forever rest upon the earth on which he died." The tomb is guarded 24 hours by a special military detail, as it has been every minute and minute and every hour of every day, since 1937. Armistice Day would become Veterans' Day in 1954, when President Eisenhower signed the bill that established Veterans' Day as a national holiday.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/guardin-rain.jpg

Follow this link: Tomb of the Unknowns Honor Guard (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-XiuZRb_4UU) for a stirring piece about the honor guard, and an interview with one of the guards.

...in 1620, a group of English separatists, that had landed at New Plymouth in what is now Massachusetts, signed a document that would be the basis of our American government and provide the inspiration for many of the documents written by the founding fathers. Called The Mayflower Compact, the Compact determined what and who would be the authority of the colony. It also stated that the colony would be free of British law.

...in 1938, Kate Smith sang God Bless America for the first time, on a radio broadcast that honored the 20th anniversary of the end of World War I. The song was written by Irving Berlin, a Russian immigrant, who was a prolific songwriter including many of America's favorite tunes. During the first war, Berlin wrote several numbers for an army camp show, called Yip. Yip, Yahank in honor of the camp's name, Yahank. The song was dismissed by the director as "too jingoistic" so Berlin put it away for twenty years, until Kate Smith's producer came to Berlin, asking him for a patriotic song for her to sing. The song swept the nation, the lyrics were entered into the Congressional Record, and Kate Smith, by popular demand, sang the song on every one of her shows until December 1940, when a ban on broadcast of all ASCAP songs began. In 1943, Warner Brothers made a film called This Is The Army and Berlin insisted that Kate Smith be in the film to reproduce the first time she sang the anthem. She did, including a seldom heard verse and that clip is the one often played today. An interesting sidebar to this story is that in 1940, Irving Berlin established the God Bless America Foundation, which controls the royalties from every performance of the song. Those royalties all go to the Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts of America.

Hear Kate Smith sing God Bless America here (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pCavKL2zdjM&feature=related).

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so the usual phrase repeats: No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we went back over 130 candles today, although we had 117 as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours and have to be re-lit.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1927, the Holland Tunnel opened between New York City and Jersey City, New Jersey. On that first day, 20,000 people walked the 9,250 foot length of the tunnel below the Hudson River. The next day, the tunnel opened to vehicular traffic. The tunnel was made possible by an engineer named Clifford Milburn Holland who resolved the problem of keeping the air fresh in the tunnel. His cutting edge power ventilation system changed the air 30 times per hour, moving 3 million cubic feet of air [/i]per minute[/i]. 71 years later, the Holland Tunnel is still a vital link between Manhattan and New Jersey, and it carries the Lincoln Highway on the beginning of its journey to San Francisco.

...in 1864, the destruction of Atlanta began, under the orders of Union General William T. Sherman. Sherman's army had swept through the south, but being so deep into enemy territory, his army relied on a supply line that stretched all the way back to Nashville. The Army of Tennessee had been defeated but enough of it was intact to harass Sherman, and comander John Bell Hood was determined to interrupt the supply line. Sherman split his army in two, sending half of it back toward Nashville to take care of Hood and to protect the vital supply line. Sherman ordered the destruction of downtown Atlanta, and the industrial areas, to prevent the Confederated from salvaging anything usable as materiel after the Union abandoned the city. Estimates said nearly 40% of Atlanta was destroyed by Sherman, who used the same scorched earth policy all the way to Savanah.

...in 1892, the seeds of today's National Football League were sewn when William "Pudge" Heffelfinger became the first professional football player. The Allegheny Athletic Association, in Pittsburgh, paid him $500 to play in a game against the rival Pittsburgh Atheltic Club. The following week, the AAA paid another player and in the following years, more and more players began to accept payments to play the game. The National Football League would form in 1919 but not assume the name until 1922.

http://static.nfl.com/static/site/img/history/chronology/pudge_heffelfinger.jpg
Pudge Heffelfinger, the first pro footballer,

...in 1954, after decades as America's front door, Ellis Island closed. Between 1892, and and 1954, Ellis Island processed approximately 12 million immigrants and today, it is estimated that 40% of Americans can trace their ancestry through Ellis Island, that was named for the original owner, Samual Ellis. First and second class passengers usually just went through customs, but third class and lower disembarked to Ellis Island. The facility went through a $160 million restoration and today, the Ellis Island Immigration Museum welcomes over 2 million guests per year.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/20060927120648.jpg
Ellis Island Main Building

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were up to 124 candles as of this post.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1956, the Supreme Court declared that the Alabama segregation rules for buses was unconstitutional.

...in 1939, the first Willys-Overland Jeep prototype was completed and sent to the War Department for approval. The original design, requested by the army, was submitted by American Bantam Car Company, but the company was too small for the production requirements, so Willy-Overland recieved the contract to built the versatile, 4-wheel drive, "go-anywhere" vehicle. Once the war began, Ford was also assigned a contract to build the Jeep, and Ford improved the design. No one is sure where the name "Jeep" came from, whether it was taken from the army's G.P. ("general purpose") designation or from the name of a character in the Popeye cartoons, Eugene the Jeep. Where ever it came from, the name stuck. At the end of the war, Willys began selling a civilian version of the jeep, the CJ-2A (Civilian Jeep) which is the great-grandfather of your SUV.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Wiki_jeep_1.jpg
A restored 1945 Jeep.

...in 1940, Walt Disney premiered a new animated feature film, one with no plot, entitled Fantasia. The film is comprised of several segments, set to classical music, with images created by the animation staff that were inspired by the musical themes. Favorite segments include ostriches, hipporpotami and crocodiles (wearing tutus) dancing ballet to the Dance of the Hours and Mickey Mouse as The Sorcerer's Apprentice.

...in 1982, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial was dedicated in Washington, D.C. after a march by thousands of veterans of the conflict. The memorial is a simple, V-shaped, black granite wall, designed by architect Maya Lin, and is inscribed with the names of the 58,256 Americans who perished in the war. The names are arranged in order of death, not alphabetically or by rank, as most memorials are. It is one of the most visited memorials in Washington, and a smaller, portable wall is transported around the country for those who cannot travel to Washington to see the memorial. "It's the parade we never got," says one veteran. I know some of the names on that wall, and just looking at photos of it sets me off. It is a stirring memorial, beautiful in its simplicity. You can visit a website called footnote Interactive Vietnam Veterans Memorial (http://go.footnote.com/thewall/) to search for any name on the wall, see the image of the name, and details of their record.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Vietnam_veterans_wall_satellite_image.jpg
Aerial view of the memorial, showing the V shape.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we were up over 130 candles yesterday, but last night, we are back down to 114 candles. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1969, the second manned mission to the moon, Apollo 12 was launched at Cape Canaveral with Richard Nixon in attendance. President Nixon was the first President to attend a space launch. There was a potential problem when 36 seconds into the mission, lightning struck the vehicle, tripping all the breakers in the command module. The Saturn V continued normally, however, each stage firing on schedule and power was soon restored to the command module. The landing module, Intrepid landed where planned, and Charles Conrad, Jr. and Alan L. Bean became the second men to set foot on Earth's only satellite. In two lunar walks, the astronauts performed the usual experiments and collection of rocks, but they also investigated Surveyor 3, a probe that landed on the lunar surface in 1967. Not only was the lunar landing on the Ocean of Storms precise, Apollo 12 splashed down just three miles from the retrieval ship, the USS Hornet.

...in 1914, the first Dodge was built and tested on the streets of Detroit. "Old Betsy" was the project of John and Horace Dodge, owners of a machine shop that made axles, precision parts, engines and transmissions for Ransom E. Olds and Henry Ford. In fact, the Dodge Brothers were investors in the Ford Motor Company from the beginning. By 1919, the Dodge brothers, after selling their stock in Ford and building Dodge automobiles, the brothers were two of the wealthiest men in Detroit. The brothers died relatively young, and the Dodge family had little interest in the automobile business and sold the entire operation to Walter P. Chrysler. Dodge was a formidable competitor to Ford and Chevrolet, and remains so today.

http://i.cnn.net/money/galleries/2007/autos/0705/gallery.chrysler_history/images/1914_first_dg.jpg
A 1914 Dodge Brothers Touring

...in 1882, a gunslinger named Franklin Leslie shot and killed a man known as Billy "The Kid" Claiborne in Tombstone, Arizona. Claiborne was one of the survivors of the famous "Gunfight at the OK Corral" as a member of the Clanton gang. Claiborne was also a comrade of John Ringo, who died of a gunshot wound to the head, The Earp Brothers ruled it a suicide, but Claiborne was convinced the shooter was Frank Leslie and called him out, a fatal mistake. Leslie continued a life of violence, served time for murdering a Tombstone prostitute, went to the gold fields in the Klondike and faded from history.

...in 1945, Tony Hulman approached Eddie Rickenbacker and purchased the Indianapolis Motor Speedway for $750,000.00. Hulman was a racing enthusiast and his family was prominent in Terre Haute, known primarily as the makers of Clabber Girl Baking Powder. The Indianapolis Speedway, built in 1910 by entrepreneur Carl Fisher, had been owned by World War I flying ace and auto racer, "Fast Eddie" Rickenbacher since 1927. (Rickenbacker built the infield golf course in 1929.) It was in awful shape after not being used during the war years. Hulman built new stands and prepared the track for the 1946 Indianapolis 500. Until his death in 1977, Hulman started each race with the famou phrase, "Gentlemen, start your engines," which rehearsed over and over, every year, leading up to the race. His grandson manages the facility today.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Once again, no news, no new developments yesterday.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 99 candles, once again, heading into the weekend when the total tends to drop off, so remember to light candles for Paige and her three children too.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298). You can click on any candle to read the message and who lit it.

On This Day In History...

...in 1977, the 100,000,000 US Built Ford was produced at the Mahwah, New York, assembly plant. The vehicle was a 1978 Fairmont, not exactly a memorable or strikingly designed automobile, but a solid-value car that sold quite well before being discontinued at the end of the 1983 model year. (The car is reportedly on display at the National Parts Depot Museum in Ocala, Florida.)

...in 1777, the Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union. It would take until 1781 for the last of the 13 states (Maryland) to ratify the document. It made a loose confederation of states, with each state having one vote in congress. The government had the authority to levy taxes, conduct foreign affairs and maintain a military, but little else. In 1787, the second overthrow of a government occured as the Congress met in secret to forge the document that would formally create the United States of America. The modern Constitution would take effect on March 2, 1781, allowing the people to decide what their government would be.

...in 1806, Lieutenant Zebulan Pike approached the foothills of the Colorado Rockies and spotted the mountain that would forever bear his name. He was exploring the Louisiana Purchase before Lewis & Clark had returned from their expedition. He was a military man, not an explorer, and a self-educated man who spoke three languages and had more than a fundamental knowledge of math and science. Pike strayed across the Spanish border and was arrested by Spanish soldiers. They hauled him to Santa Fe - a wonderful scouting mission of a strategically important area, provided by the Spanish army itself. Pike was promoted to the level of Brigadier General during the War of 1812, but died in 1813 during the assault of Toronto.

...in 1867, the first stock ticker went online at the New York Stock Exchange. The device was invented by Edward A. Calahan of the American Telegraph Company. He configured a telegraph machine to print stock quotes on a paper tape, and the device caught on quickly. It got its name from the sound it made as it printed. Thomas Edison would improve the system in 1869, making it easier to read and use, and the patent made him enough money to fund his Menlo Park laboratory where he invented the light bulb and phonograph. The last ticker was unveiled in 1960 because today, all stock quotes are computerized, but are still referred to as, "tickers."

...in 1969, Dave Thomas realized his lifelong dream and opened his own restaurant in Columbus, Ohio. He named the restaurant after his youngest daughter, and the first of nearly 7,000 Wendy's opened. The idea for the restaurant came from watching families interact at a family restaurant in Kalamazoo, Michigan and he decided his destiny lay in the food service industry. His break came at the Hobby House Restaurant in Fort Wayne, Indiana. The owner offered him the deal of a lifetime in 1962 - a chance to take four Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurants, that were losers, and turn them around, in exchange for 45% ownership. Thomas streamlined the menu, advertised and turned the money losers into money makers. He made millions when the units were sold. Thomas was raised by adoptive parents, but his mother died when he was young and his father moved around a lot, following jobs. When his father moved to Fort Wayne, Thomas went to work at the Hobby House, but when his father moved, he stayed behind, dropped out of high school and worked full time at the restaurant. He joined the army during the Korean War and requested the Cooks' and Baker's School. As a mess sergeant in Germany, he was responsible for feeding 2,000 soldiers daily, one more experience to move him towards his goal of being in the food service business. He never graduated from high school, but did obtain a GED in his adult life. In 1992, he founded the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption. Dave Thomas died on January 8, 2002 after a long battle with cancer.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/56/Wendy%27s_logo.svg/180px-Wendy%27s_logo.svg.png

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we had 134 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1907, Oklahoma entered the Union as the 46th State. It was unique because the new state included constitutions by Oklahoma territory and Indian territory. The name Oklahoma is derived from the Choctaw words okla meaning "people" and homa meaning "red" and has had human habitation for many thousands of years. In "modern" history, the Spanish were the first Europeans to visit the land, followed by the French, and both struggled for control. The United States bought the area from France in 1803 as part of the Louisiana Purchase, and after the War of 1812, eastern Native Americans were relocated there. Cherokees who refused to move were forced by the army in what has become known as the Trail of Tears. Most tribes sided with the rebellion during the Civil War, and afterwards, many whites illegally occupied the Indian lands. Finally, at noon on April 22, 1889, the lands were opened to settlers in the Oklahoma Land Rush. Settlers who had moved in early to stake their claims were known as Sooners, and the name stuck. When the territory became a state in 1907, both sooners and Indians became American citizens. During the drought years of the 1930's, Oklahoma was the heart of the Dust Bowl and many Okies fled to California to seek employment. Oil production returned Oklahoma to prosperity and today, Oklahoma remains a vital link in the American economy.

...in 1901, A.C. Bostwick became the first American to exceed the speed of a mile-a-minute. His 63.3. mph record was set on the straightaway on the Ocean Parkway Racetrack in Brooklyn. It is a record that Brooklyn cab drivers are still attempting to break on a daily basis in Brooklyn.

...in 1957, Ed Gein murdered Bernice Worden, who owned a hardware store in Plainfield, Wisconsin. Gein, who you learned about in the Morning Update of July 26 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-july-26-2008-a-41407/), was a weird guy who has been called America's First Serial Killer, although only two murders can actually be pinned on him. He was a grave robber, necrophiliac and all around bizarre character who made furniture out of human body parts. Bernice Worden, the mother of a Sheriff Deputy who was on the scene, was found in Gein's shed, dressed out like a deer. Gein was the inspiration for Norman Bates in Robert Bloch's novel (later a memorable Alfred Hitchcock film) Psycho and the inspiration for Buffalo Bill in Silence of the Lambs. He was the inspiration for several more slasher movies, most notably the Texas Chainsaw Massacre franchise.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/44/Edgein.jpg
Ed Gein died in 1984, a lifetime guest
of the State of Wisconsin penal system.

...in 1973, President Richard Milhouse Nixon, over the protests of environmentalists, signed into law the creation of the Alyeska Pipeline. It has carried over 15 billion barrels of oil over 800 miles from the North Slope to the oil docks at Valdez, Alaska. The pipeline is built mostly above-ground to avoid melting the permafrost tundra, and is built with environmental issues designed into it, to protect the pipeline and environment from earthquakes, expansion and contraction from heat and cold, and it bullet-resistant. It is monitored closely, one method is a device known as a pipelie inspection guage" (pig) that floats inside the line with the oil, sampling data. There have been several small leaks, of less than 7 barrels but the only major environmental impact of pipeline damage were man-made. In 1978, an explosion caused by eco-terrorists caused a leak of 16,000 barrels and in 2001, a troublemaker shot a rifle into a weld near Livengood, Alaska, causing a leak of about 6,000 barrels. Daniel Carson Lewis, with a reputation for being a screw-up in the town of 30 people, was subsequently arrested, fined $10,000 and sentenced to 10 years in federal lock-up.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Trans_alaska_international.jpg/250px-Trans_alaska_international.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Alaska_Pipeline_and_caribou.jpg/250px-Alaska_Pipeline_and_caribou.jpg
The pipeline travels 800 miles over rugged terrain, while this caribou seems rather unimpacted by the whole thing. Caribou tend to gather below the pipeline, probably to enjoy the radiated warmth.

...in 1945, the United States welcomed 88 German scientists to America to work on rocket technology. The move was cloak and dagger, since the men had been working on the frighteningly successful V-1 and V-2 rockets that bombarded London during the war. Many Americans, still filled with hate for the Germans, questioned the morality of bringing the former enemies to American soil, but the government knew that a former ally, the USSR, was doing the same thing, scouring the country for German engineers and scientists who could aid them in what would soon escalate into the Cold War. The new rocket program was initially secreted away in Texas, but moved to the Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama, where a facility was built that would eventually become NASA.

...in 1941, speaking of Germans, Joseph Goebbels published his decree of hate in the German magazine Das Reich that claimed "The Jews wanted the war, and now they have it." It was all part of a carefully executed strategy of propaganda to rationalize the "Final Solution," that is, the systematic extermination of Jews in Europe. Goebbels, Heinrich Himmler and the rest of Hitler's madmen carried out the steps of the Final Solution with a fanaticism that is sickening to normal humans. The entire extermination pogrom was based on a forged document that claims all international banking was controlled by the Jews - a myth that persists with anti-semitics to this day - and that the entire war was simply a profit motive for those bankers. Goebbels wrote that "...the prophecy which the Fuhrer made, that should international finance Jewry succeed in plunging the nations into a world war once again, the result would not be the Bolshevization of the world...but the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe. We are in the midst of that process.... Compassion or regret are entirely out of place here."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we had 127 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1421, a storm on the North Sea battered the coast of Europe and over a course of several days, about 10,000 people died in what is now called The Netherlands. An area known as Grote Waard lies below sea level, and residents constructed levees and dykes to keep the sea out, and each time they failed, the people rebuilt them. Nothing could disuade them from living in the ecolagical vulnerable area. After this flood, however, when the city of Dort was destroyed and 20 whole villages were washed away, the dikes were not rebuilt until 1500, leaving most of Zeeland and Holland under water for decades. The town of Dordrecht remains on an island, separated from the mainland by the great flood of 1421.

...in 1558, Elizabeth, 25 year old half sister of Queen Mary I, ascended to the throne of England and Ireland, begining the Elizabethan Era. She was known as the Virgin Queen for not allowing marriage to jeopardize her rule. Elizabeth strengthened British relationships with Protestand allies, and her reign was not recognized by the Pope. Spain, the most powerful nation in Europe at the time, planned an invasion of England that was aborted with the defeat of the Spanish Armada. The defeat of the Armada strengthened England's position of the seas, and prompted Elizabeth to promote explorers, such as Drake's circumnavigation of the globe and Sir Walter Raleigh's exploration of the New World. ("Virginia" was named in her honor.) When she died in 1603, England had become a world power and Elizabeth would pass into history as one the greatest English monarchs.

...in 1869, the Suez Canal opened, providing a sea route between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. It was only 25 feet deep when it opened, and only 500 ships used the canal its first year. It has been a political pawn several times in its history, but has remained open since 1975 and carries about 50 ships per day.

...in 1968, one of the most exciting finishes to a football game occurred when the Oakland Raiders scored two touchdowns in nine seconds to defeat the New York Jets, 43-32. The trouble was that unless you were in the Oakland Coliseum, you didn't see it, because NBC cut away from the game with 65 seconds left to play in order to air a made-for-television version of Heidi, the classic tale of a young girl raised by her grandfather in the Alps. Known forever as the "Heidi Bowl" it was one of the all-time classic games. The decision to air Heidi at its scheduled time, rather than delay it if the game went long, had been made weeks before as NBC was sure it would be a rating winner for the November sweeps. Instead, the NBC switchboard melted down and blew up as thousands of irate callers wanted to express their views. Undeterred, they tied up the lines at the phone company, the New York Times and the NYPD. The lesson was painfully learned, never, under any circumstances, cut away from the end of a National Football League game.

Here is a short film about the controversy (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJAn3cTMXW8) including the director of Heidi feeling smug about the movie that caused a furor across the nation.

Forty years later, and people are still mad at NBC.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we had 105 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1978, members of the People's Temple, lead by Jim Jones, committed mass suicide at their commune in Guyana, by drinking cynanide-laced Kool-Aid. The few members of the cult who refused to drink the potion were either forced to do so at gunpoint or they were shot as they fled. When it was over, 913 people perished, including 276 children. One cult member did escape and alerted authorities, but by the time Guyanese troops arrived, the only survivors were a few who managed to hide in the jungle. To this day, the phrase "drinking the Kool-Aid" refers to people who mindlessly follow a charismatic leader, like Jim Jones was.

...in 1960, Chrysler Corporation announces that production of the De Soto line will be cut back, to eventually be ended. The DeSoto was a rousing success in 1928 when it was introduced by Walter P. Chrysler, the six-cylinder engine promised success, and many dealers signed up. In the 1930's, the DeSoto was flamboyant, including one of the famous Chrysler Airflow designs, the first aerodynamically designed automobiles. The designs were scaled back just before the war, and the DeSoto was a most popular vehicle at the end of the war. In the 1950's, the DeSoto became flamboyant again, with the Firesweep, Firedome and Fireflite, but the public was not enamored with the huge fins and overly futuristic designs. Sales fell off, and the 1961 DeSoto was less than exciting, so the 33 year run came to an end.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/57_Fireflite.JPG/150px-57_Fireflite.JPG
It's DeLightful, it's DeLovely, it's DeSoto!

...in 1928, a cartoon by Walt Disney, entitled Steamboat Willie premiered. It was the first fully synchronized (sound and animation) cartoon made. Of more significance was the star of the cartoon, Mortimer Mouse. Disney provided the squeaky voice for his hero and, luckilly, Disney had the good sense, under presure from his wife Lorraine, to change the name from Mortimer to Mickey.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Steamboat-willie.jpg/180px-Steamboat-willie.jpg
Mickey Mouse in Steamboat Willie, in 1928

...in 1883, at exactly noon, the railroads of Canada and the United States implemented a system of standard time, which included carving the continent up into four distinct time zones. Prior to this date, time was determined by localities, with "high noon" being the moment that the sun was highest in the sky. It was a scheduling nightmare. Rather than appeal to the government, which would take time with no guarantee of the correct outcome, the railroads designed a time system that resembled a standard time model that went into use in England in 1840. The time zones determined by the railroads are not much different from the time zones in use today. The system was widely embraced, but it was not until 1918 that Congress would get around to making time zones the law of the land.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Model_A/IM000994.jpg
"Meet me under the clock at Union Station!" This 6' tall clock has told travelers the
correct Central Time while it has also been the meeting place for unknown millions
of people in Kansas City's Union Station.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, Eastern Standard Time.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we had 107 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1907, the man who created Shane was born in Cleveland, Ohio. Jack Schaefer's first novel featured lead character, Shane, who was a prototypical western hero. Like Owen Wister's The Virginian, published in 1902, the lead the heroes were strong and independent cowboys. While Wister's hero was more comfortable with his horse than people, Shane was the high plains drifter with a hidden past, the noble knight on his trusty steed, roaming the lawless frontier to right wrongs and punish the powers of evil. The 1953 film, made just four years after Shane was published, starred Alan Ladd as Shane and Brandon De Wilde as Joey Starrett, the young boy who worshiped him. Both The Virginian and Shane were the prototypes of the ideal cowboy character. Schaefer became a full-time writer after the publication of Shane although none of his other works were every as popular. He died in 1991 in Santa Fe, New Mexico.

...in 1915, a dramatic World War I rescue took place in Europe. When you think of flying heroes of World War I, you probably think of the Red Baron, but in England, the memory is of Richard Bell-Davies, a fighter pilot who went on to become a Vice Admiral in the navy. While flying a bombing run over Bulgaria, his wing man (Gilbert Formby Smylie) took anti-aircraft fire and was forced to land. He had successfully dropped all of his bombs but one. He saw enemy troops approaching, and set fire to his plane to keep it from being captured. When he saw Bell-Davies landing, he turned and fired his sidearm into the bomb, successfully exploding it to prevent it from exploding when Bell-Davies landed. Smylie jumped aboard and Dell-Davies took off under fire, but made it safely behind British lines. Bell-Davies was awarded the Victoria Cross and Smylie was also recognized for his quick thinking and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross.

...in 1954, the first automated (hehehe) toll collector went into service on the Garden State Parkway in New Jersey. Prior to the "robot-like units" collecting tolls, the toll authority had placed several "honor system" toll booths where a mesh funnel guided coins into a collector with no method of accounting. Honor system tolls were about 70% paid, but the toll authority was still ahead of the game as a 70% payment rate was still more profitable than paying more attendants. A PR booklet said "While the automatic collectors were adopted in the interest of economy as well as increased efficiency and convenience, no toll attendant has ever lost his job on the Parkway because of the machines." The idea of a toll road was nothing new, in the American Colonies, privately built roads collected tolls. Operators used a long pole, known as a "pike," that was hinged to block the way and swing, or "turn," up after a toll was paid. The toll roads became known as "turnpikes."

...in 1863, President Abraham Lincoln stood at the consecration of a military cemetery located at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and delivered one of the shortest, but most eloquent, speeches in Presidential history. Those in attendance had to suffer through a two hour keynote speech by a long-ago forgotten Massachusetts Senator. Lincoln's Gettsyburg Address was only 271 words in length and probably took only a few minutes to be heard. At the time, it was hailed or hated, depending on which party you belonged to. Lincoln called it a "flat failure" but he was wrong, as today, it is recognized for it's brilliance of construction and depth of meaning, along with the important message packed into those few words. Up until a couple of generations ago, American students were charged to memorize the speech, but today, sadly, the importance of Lincoln's words is lost somehow. Lincoln captured the very essence of American in those few words, from the stirring opening of "Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal"...referencing the Declaration of Independence, to the closing lines, "...that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom— and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we had 112 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1962, President John F. Kennedy announced the end of the blockade of Cuba. The naval blockade had been implemented when offensive nuclear weapons had been discovered in Cuba, seen in photographs taken over Cuba by U-2 spy planes. The end of the blockade was the last real action of the missile crisis.

...in 1982, the most improbable finish to a college football game took place at Stanford, between the Stanford Cardinal and Cal Golden Bears. Stanford quarterback, John Elway (you may have heard of him from his pro career) marched the Cardinal down the field in range to kick a field goal to take the lead, with only 4 seconds left to play. Jubilant Cardinal fans stormed the field, and the refs had to chase them all back and enforced a penalty on the kick-off because of the crowd coming on to the field. The kickoff was taken by Cal's Kevin Moen at the Cal 46 but rather than trying to run himself, he remembered an exercise from practice and he tossed the ball to Richard Rodgers, who tossed it to Dwight Garner, who tossed it just back to Rodgers as he was about to be nailed by two Cardinal. Rodgers tossed the ball to Mariet Ford who returned it to Moen who ran for the end zone - and right into the Stanford Band that had taken the field, thinking the game was over. Moen plowed into trombonist, Gary Tyrell. Known forever as, "The Play" remains one of the wackiest endings to a game in college football history.

Watch this exciting ending on YouTube as John "Captain Comeback" Elway marches his team down for a field goal that should have won the game (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7aCDfJH6eRY), but didn't..

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3d/The-play.jpg/400px-The-play.jpg
"The Play"

...in 1945, in Nuremburg, Germany, 24 high-ranking Nazis went on trial for atrocities perpetrated during World War II. The trials were convened by an international tribunal with representatives from the United States, Soviet Union, Great Britain and France. On October 1, 1946 (you may remember reading about this on Oct 1) 12 of the architects of Nazi pogroms were sentenced to hang, including Hermann Goering, the leader of the SS and the Luftwaffe. He committed suicide on the eve of his hanging. Trials continued in Germany, well into the 1950's to try the lesser Nazis with 5,025 convictions and 806 executions.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 110 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1980, 350 million people tuned in to CBS to watch the season premier of the prime time soap opera, Dallas to learn who, in the previous season's cliff hanger, shot J.R. The entire Summer was spent with the speculation of "Who shot J.R.?" a question that still plagues some of us, for rather obvious reasons. Contrary to what you might think. the other "J.R." in question has never seen the episode and has no intention of ever seeing it.

...in 1783, Frenchman Jean-François Pilatre de Rozier and François Laurent made aeronautical history by being the first men to fly a untethered hot air balloon. The flight lasted about 25 minutes and carried the two men over Paris.

...in 1877, Thomas Edison patented the device that would have him dubbed the Wizard of Menlo Park. No, not the light bulb, that would come later, this was the phonograph. He discovered the device while trying to create a telephone answering device! It was originally marketed as a dictation machine, but the popularity of it as an entertainment center set Edison, and several others, on the task of refining the device. In 1912, Edison debuted a machine that delivered far superior sound but it used disks that were incompatible with other record players. (Anyone who owns a Beta video recorder knows what it is like to have the superior product beaten out of the marketplace.)

...in 1970, the rarest Ford Mustang was introduced at the Detroit Auto Show. Dubbed the Boss 351, it featured a four-bolt main engine that was rated at 300 horsepower. Only 1,806 units were built in 1971, the only year the Boss 351 was offered. As the government clamped down on safety and emmissions, such cars became too expensive to build, to buy, and to operate and the muscle car faded from its glory years. The Boss 351 was one of the last ones. The Boss 351 Registry (http://www.boss351registry.com/) has located 551 of the the original cars.

http://files.conceptcarz.com/img/Ford/71_ford_mustang_boss_351_harrisburg_04_dv_02.jpg
1971 Ford Mustang Boss 351


...in 1916, the HMHS Britannic, sister ship to the Titanic, sank in the Aegean Sea, killing 30 people, more than 1,000 were rescued. After the sinking of the Titanic, the White Star Lines refined the design and altered the hull to make it less vulnerable to icebergs. More lifeboats were also added. Launched in 1914, the Britannic was requisitioned by the British government to serve as a hospital ship. At 8:12 AM, the ship was rocked by a huge explosion, and even though Captain Bartlett ordered closure of all watertight doors, the Britannic had already lost six compartments to flooding, more than the damage that sank her sister ship. Most everyone survived, the ones who perished tried to launch lifeboats, without orders, while the ship was moving and the lifeboats were sucked into the propellers. Jacques Cousteau found the wreck in 1976. No one knows what caused the explosion but most experts believe it was a German mine. (A third sister ship, the HMS Olympic, led a rather tame and uneventful service life, although she dropped a prop blade on her maiden voyage in 1909 and collided with the Nantucket Lightship in 1934 but was undamaged. She was taken out of service in 1935 and scrapped in 1936.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/BRIT_H1.jpg
(His Majesty's Hospital Ship) HMHS Britannic

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 83 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1718, Blackbeard the Pirate was killed just off the North Carolina Outer Banks during a battle with the British navy, that had been dispached from Virginia to put Edward Teach, a.k.a. Blackbeard, out of business. He had negotiated a pardon with Governor Charles Eden, in exchange for a sizeable share of Blackbeard's booty, but the planters of North Carolina appealed to Virginia Governor Alexander Spotswood, who dispatched the navy. Legend has it that Blackbeard took five musket balls and 20 sword lacerations before he finally died.

...in 1950, the Long Island Railroad suffered a tremendous loss as two commuter trains collided in Queens, New York. A 12 car train was ordered to slow and stop in the station. When ordered to start again, the train's brakes had locked and prevented the departure. Meanwhile, the Babylon express, on the same track, received a green signal based on the commuter train departing the station. It collided with the commuter train, launching the rear car into the air and killing all aboard. When it was over, 79 people were dead and 363 suffered major injuries. Mayor Vincent Impellitari called the LIRR a "disgraceful common carrier" when he learned that defective equipment caused the crash.

...in 1927, Carl Eliason of Sayner, Wisconsin, received a patent for a motorized tobboggan, the first modern snowmobile. The Eliason snowmobiles were built in Sayner until the company was purchased by the FWD Company of Clintonville, Wisconsin. (FWD, to this day, still builds heavy duty four wheel drive trucks for military and commercial use.) The last of Eliason's designs, from 1953, influenced the design of every manufacturer's sleds, throughout the world. All of Eliason's "motorized toboggans" are on display in the Vilas County, Wisconsin museum. For more about the inventor of the snowmobile and the story of how it came about, visit the Eliason Snowmobile (http://www.eliason-snowmobile.com/) website.

http://www.eliason-snowmobile.com/gallery/phase/carl1.jpg
Carl Eliason and his Motorized Tobboggan

All of these events pale in comparison, though, to what happened on November 22, 1963...

...in Dallas, Texas when Lee Harvey Oswald, from the 6th floor of the Texas Schoolbook Depository, shot and killed President John Fitzgerald Kennedy as his motorcade passed Dealey Plaza. On Sunday, November 24, Oswald was shot and killed by Dallas night club owner, Jack Ruby. The entire country ground to a halt in mourning the martyred President. It was the first major event every covered wall-to-wall by television, by the time the dead-tree media went to press, television has already broken the next development. In fact, the shooting of Oswald was the first time a murder had ever been shown on live television.

The Kennedy Assassination is fraught with rumors, legends, misinformation and conspiracy theories. President Lyndon Johnson ordered an investigation that was headed up by Chief Justice Earl Warren, the results are commonly known as the Warren Report. It took ten months, and at the time of its release, it was widely accepted as the definitive answer to the assassination. The Warren Commission concluded that Oswald was the only shooter and that he acted alone. Today, the majority of Americans do not believe the report and think the assassination was a carefully planned and executed plot laid out by a conspiracy.

Incidentally, about the only thing correct in the Oliver Stone movie about the assassination was that John Kennedy died on November 22. The rest is pretty much baloney.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/JFK_grave.jpg/300px-JFK_grave.jpg
The grave of President John F. Kennedy, with the eternal flame, at Arlington National Cemetery

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Well now, isn't this interesting? Completely irrelevant, but interesting.

Birgfeld investigation may have led to parlor bust

Link: KJCT News, Grand Junction (http://www.kjct8.com/Global/story.asp?S=9395732)

GRAND JUNCTION -- Police say they've infiltrated a massage parlor involved in all sorts of illegal activities--from prostitution to racketeering.

KJCT NEWS 8 has learned the investigation may have been sparked while detectives investigated the case of missing Grand Junction woman Paige Birgfeld.

Paige has been missing for more than a year now... detectives found out she worked for an online escort service.

This finding may have led to the investigation of in other erotic services in Grand Junction.

58 year old Nan O'Reilly-- the owner of Fuji Oriental Therapy Massage on Horizon Dive-- faced a judge today on charges of racketeering, pimping, tax evasion, keeping a place of prostitution, and promoting sexual immorality.

The DA's Office says this investigation involves crimes that pose significant danger to the public.

"The investigation we conducted is much more involved than simple prostitution. It involves the potential for a lot of dangerous behavior, the potential for a lot of people to conceal what they're doing and have the resources and ability to stop people from reporting things," Deputy District Dan Rubenstein said.

Rubenstein says witnesses and business records will be key in this case, and will also be a challenge to get a hold of.

The investigation also involves other prostitution crimes like street walking and online escort services.

Before arresting Nan 'O'Reilly, police arrested suspected pimps and prostitutes in two other sting operations.

Police say the investigation continues, and there may be more arrests.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no significant developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments. KJCT television (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/news-isnt-really-news-paiges-case-46672/) ran a story that mentions Paige's name (see the post immediately above this one) but had little to do with her case.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 98 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1859, in a poor Irish neighborhood in New York's east side, Henry McCarty was born He would later change his name to William H. Bonney, using the first name of his surrogate father and his mother's maiden name, but he would go down in history as Billy the Kid. He began a career as a gunslinger in 1876 and was part of the Lincoln County War of 1878, one of the range wars of the old west. It was said that Billy killed at least 27 people before his 21st birthday, although, only four can actually be attributed to him. On the night of July 14, 1881, Billy the Kid was shot and killed, at the age of 21, by Sheriff Pat Garrett near Fort Sumner, New Mexico.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Billykid.jpg/250px-Billykid.jpg
Henry McCarty aka William H Bonney aka Billy the Kid.

...in 1874, Bathsheba Everdene is courted by three suitors in Thomas Hardy's Far From The Madding Crowd which was published on this date. The novel, with the oft-misquoted title, has a happy ending but showed three different faces of human nature. Madding Crowd contains Hardy's usual pessimistic view of the human condition.

...in 1876, the leader of New York City's corrupt political machine, William Marcy "Boss" Tweed, was extradited to the New York City after his capture in Spain. "Boss" Tweed came to power in Tammany Hall, the Democrat machine of New York City, in the late 1850's and by the mid 1860's, the "Tweed Ring" was buying votes, paying off judges, embezzling millions of dollars from City contracts and it virtually controlled New York City government. The blatant embezzlement of funds from the remodeling of the City Court House in 1871 was not ignored by the New York Times. Tweed's goons did the usual damage control, but other publications, led by Harper's Weekly, exposed the ring. Harper's Weekly cartoonist, Thomas Nast, ran a one-man campaign against Tweed with biting characterizations. The Tweed Ring was swept out of office in the elections of 1871, members of the ring were arrested, tried and convicted. Tweed himself escaped prison in 1875 and fled to Europe, but was recognized in Spain from Nast cartoons! He was returned to New York City and died in 1878, still in prison.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Nast-Tammany.jpg
Thomas Nast characterized Tammany Hall as the tiger, an image that stuck. Tammany Hall continued as a political machine after the arrests of the Tweed Ring but collapsed after helping Fiorello LaGuradia become mayor in the 1934.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e9/Tammany_Ring%2C_Nast.jpg
Thomas Nast's chracterization of the Tweed Ring.

...in 1897, Ransom Eli Olds received a patent for his motor carriage. He founded the Olds Motor Vehicle Company that eventually became the Olds Motor Works and later, the Oldsmobile Division of General Motors. The famous "curved dash Oldsmobile" put Olds on the map, even spawning the popular song, My Merry Oldsmobile. Olds would be forced out of his own company, so he started another company to build trucks, and his REO Speedwagon became a staple of the American trucking industry.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Oldsmobile_Curved_Dash_Runabout_1902.jpg/180px-Oldsmobile_Curved_Dash_Runabout_1902.jpg
1902 Oldsmobile - about 19,000 of the popular little runabouts were built.

...in 1936, the first issue of Life magazine was published. The weekly magazine, started by Henry Luce, was a companion to Luce's Time magazine. Where Time told the news, Life offered pictoral views of the news, along with locations and events around the world. Life set the standard for high-quality, journalistic photography. Life ceased weekly publication in 1972 because of competition from television, but it did start again as a syndicated insert to certain newspapers.

That's it. That's all we know as of 2:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 94 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1963, Dallas nightclub owner, Jack Ruby, shot and killed JFK assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald. The shooting happened in the basement of the Dallas Police Department, on live television. Conspiracy theory fans like to link Ruby to the underworld, the CIA, Richard Nixon and other organizations or people, but the Warren Commission concluded Ruby acted on his own, probably on the spur of the moment. He even left his dog in the car while he was making his shot. He later claimed he was just saving Jackie Kennedy the embarrassment of testifying at Oswald's trial. Ruby died of cancer in 1966, claiming the cancer had been injected into his system by the CIA, to keep him quiet. Before his death, Ruby made conflicting statements that he had acted alone, and that he was part of a vast conspiracy. It seems his real motive is lost to history.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/42/Ruby-shooting-oswald2.png
Lee Harvey Oswald, handcuffed to Detective James Lavelle, was shot at point-blank range
by Dallas nightclub owner, Jack Ruby in a crowded corridor of the Dallas Police Department.
This amazing photograph was shot by Robert H. Jackson of the Dallas Times-Herald and
won the Pulitzer Prize for Photography.

...in 1859, Charles Darwin's controversial work, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection was published in England. The book does not contain the word "evolution" but his theory said that organisms eventually evolve through the process of "natural selection" and that environment will influence which genetic variations will develop in succeeding generations of the same species. The theory was not new, in fact, his own grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, had even suggested the theory but it was not until publication of this book that the theory was given any real consideration. Orthodox Christians branded the book, and the theory, as heresy. In 1871, Darwin published a follow-up that presented his evidence that man evolved from the ape, entitled The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. While his theory has been widely accepted in the scientific community, Creationists ask for evidence of which species have evolved in the last 1000 years, or for that matter, are still evolving. The argument continues.

...in 1849, John Froelich was born in Froelich, Iowa. He would go on to invent the forerunner of what is today's modern farm tractor, building and manufacturing tractors in 1892, in Waterloo, Iowa at the Waterloo Gasoline Traction Engine Company. Unfortunately, they were not successful, and he sold his business to John W. Miller, who changed the name to the Waterloo Gasoline Engine Company. He stopped building tractors and concentrated on building gasoline engines. In 1911, Miller began building tractors again, and despite the company name, no one seemed to notice they ran on kerosene. The Waterloo Boy tractors were quite popular, and in 1918, the company was purchased by John Deere Company. Despite the name being changed to the John Deere Tractor Company, the tractors were still sold under the name Waterloo Boy until 1923, when the John Deere Model D was introduced.

http://www.historylink101.com/lessons/farm-city/waterloo_boy_1.jpg
A 1918 Waterloo Boy Tractor

...in 1971, a mysterious hijacker, calling himself Dan Cooper, parachuted into the night over Washington State with $200,000 in cash. Cooper hijacked the airliner using what looked like a bomb. The plane landed, per his orders, at the Sea-Tac airport where he was provided with $200,000.00, four parachutes and a flight plan to Mexico. Over the Lewis River in Washington, Cooper opened the rear stairway hatch (a unique feature of this particular model of the 727) and parachuted into the night from a height of 10,000 feet. There was a raging thunderstorm at the time with temperatures below zero, and Cooper was wearing only a raincoat and wrap-around sunglasses. The storm prevented any action of law enforcement to find Cooper and it was assumed that he perished in the fall. No trace of Cooper, dead or alive, has ever been found. In 1980, $5,880 of the marked ransom money was found in a bag along the banks of the Columbia River, near Vancouver, but that is as close to finding Dan Cooper. Through an error in communication with the media, the hijacker's name was listed as "D.B. Cooper" and that is how he is still popularly known. The story is a thing of legend in the Northwest and has even spawned several movies and television specials, but no one has ever solved the mystery of what happened to D.B. Cooper.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Dbc.jpg
D.B.Cooper in 1971 and with age progression.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[pcchefjane]

I hope that was all clean, KG! LOL!

[whiteyteresa]

What is going on ???

I keep getting an e-mail and then when I check out the thread it is there - and then it is gone:confused:

:chef:

[whiteyteresa]

There it is again

:chef:

[whiteyteresa]

It's gone again

:chef:

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 108 candles of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1963, President John F Kennedy was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, on John Jr.'s birthday. About a quarter of a million people had filed past his flag-draped coffin as he had lain in state in the Capitol Rotunda the previous day. Approximately 1 million people lined the parade route between the Capitol and the burial site. President Kennedy's coffin was carried on a horse-drawn caisson, the only sounds being the sounds of the horse's hoof steps and the haunting drum cadence. Most citizens had believe that the President would be buried with his family in Massachusetts, but Jackie Kennedy selected Arlington in agreement with Sargent Shriver, Kennidy's brother in law, when she said, "He belongs to the people."

...in 1920, Gaston Chevrolet, race driver and brother to race designer Louis Chevrolet, died while driving in a race in Beverly Hills, California. Gaston was born in La-Shauz-de-Fonds, Switzerland ad came to America to join Louis and Andre in the formation of the Fronteanc Motor Corporation, which was to replace the Chevrolet Motor Company that the brothers had sold to Billy Durant's General Motors.

...in 1979, American Airlines Flight 191 departed from Chicago's O'Hare International Airport and crashed seconds later. Mounting bolts that held the port engine in place failed, severing the engine on takeoff. All 271 passengers and crew onboard died in the impact, along with two people on the ground. It was the highest death toll in an airplane crash in the United States until September 11, 2001 but remains the highest death toll in one aircraft crash on US soil. The crash anaylsis resulted in changes in maintenance procedures of the DC-10 aircraft.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/Aa191_ohare.jpg/230px-Aa191_ohare.jpg
Flight 191 went into a steep bank before it crashed, killing everyone on board.

...in 1952, the Dallas Texans of the NFL won the only game the franchise would ever win, by beating the Chicago Bears 27-23. The team was so bad that fans in Dallas stayed away in droves, and with five games left in the season, the ownership turned the franchise back to the NFL, which moved it Hershey, Pennsylvania. The team was disbanded, and the remains of it went to Baltimore to become the Colts. In 1960, the NFL granted another franchise to Dallas, and the Cowboys would go on to a better record than it's predecessor. The rival AFL also launched a team there, the Dallas Texans that would move to Kansas City to become the Chiefs.

...in 1949, Gene Autry hit the popular charts with Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer. The story of Rudolph was written by Robert L. May for his employer, Montgomery Ward's and tells the story of Santa's ninth reindeer. (The story is today owned by The Rudolph Company and although Rudolph seems to be a public domain piece of American folklore, the copyrights are fiercely guarded.) Of course, the song also introduces the 10th reindeer, Olive. You never heard of Olive? Listen closely to Gene Autry's version, and you'll hear him sing that "Olive, the other reindeer, Used to laugh and call him names."

http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51R8R2ARF3L._SL500_AA240_.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

I hope that was all clean, KG! LOL!

What is going on ???

I keep getting an e-mail and then when I check out the thread it is there - and then it is gone:confused:

:chef:

There it is again

:chef:

It's gone again

:chef:

:confused: Thread? What thread? :angel:

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 137 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1941, under Admiral Chuichi Nagumo, the Japanese First Air Fleet departed for Pearl Harbor. His orders were to return to Japan if diplomatic efforts resolved an impasse between the United States and Japan. Japan wanted the United States to lift economic sanctions and the United States wanted Japan to evacuate China, Indo-China and repudiate their membership in the Tripartite Axis Pact. President Roosevelt and Secretary of State Cordell Hull knew that a Japanese attack was likely but the target was unknown. The United States felt that if war was inevitable, Japan would have to commit the first act of war.

...in 1941, President Roosevelt signed a bill declaring the fourth Thursday of November as Thanksgiving Day. The tradition of a day set aside for giving thanks started in the Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies when Governor William Bradford established a Thanksgiving celebration. It was an annual custom in New England and in 1777, the Continental Congress declared the first national Thanksgiving and President Washington proclaimed November 26 as the national Thanksgiving Day. President Lincoln moved it to the last Thursday of November in 1863. That's the way it stayed until 1939, when President Roosevelt moved it to the 23rd, a week earlier, in an attempt to lengthen the Christmas shopping season to boost the depression economy. It caused much confusion and consternation, though, some Americans did not recognize the date and celebrated on the traditional day. The Bing Crosby - Fred Astaire movie, Holiday Inn, had a confused turkey pick up and move a week on an animated calendar. In 1941, President Roosevelt moved it back to the last Thursday, where it has remained.

...in 1922, the first Technicolor film (in general distribution, anyway) opened. Toll of the Sea used two negatives with red and green tints to create the color image. The process was very expensive and most studios passed on it until the late 1930's.

...in 1927, Ford Motor Company announced The New Ford to replace the venerable Model T that went out of production in May of that year. The New Ford was the first new car since the Model T went into production in 1908, with 15,000,000 of the Tin Lizzies built. The car was called the Model A. Henry Ford was quoted as saying that this car wipes the slate clean, so it would be called the Model A. In reality, it was a transition car, because the Model T had outlived it's production life and Henry's pet project, the V-8 Ford, would not be ready until 1932. Styled by Edsel Ford, the Model A was also called the "Baby Lincoln" for its styling and modern good looks. 5,000,000 Model A's were built in its four-year run.

...in 1942, "Round up the usual suspects" became a part of the American lexicon with the premier of Michael Curtiz's film, Casablanca. Staring Humphrey Bogart, Ingrid Begman, Paul Henreid, Clause Rains and Peter Lorre, the film was not widely liked by critics and did not do well at the box ofice. However, it is a beloved classic film, Bogart's first romantic role, widely appreciated by film fans everywhere. Standard lines from the film have become a part of our lexicon, including the usual suspects, along with "Of all the gin joints in all the towns in all the world, she walks into mine," "We'll always have Paris," and "Here's looking at you, Kid."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Casablanca%2C_title.JPG/205px-Casablanca%2C_title.JPG

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

This will be the second Thanksgiving that the Birgfeld family is without Paige. Sadly, there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 114 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1095, Pope Urban II called on Christians in Europe to travel to Jerusalem and make war against Muslims that had been preventing Christian pilgrims from going to the Holy City. With a cry of "Deus volt!" (God Wills It) the Crusades began, the first of seven major military actions taken in the Holy Land, of which repercussions are still felt today. Urban died in 1099, two weeks before the fall of Jerusalem and before news of the Christian victory were heard in Europe.

...in 1924, a two-mile stretch of Broadway, from Central Park of Herald Square became the route of the first Thanksgiving Day parade, featuring clowns, cowboys and the famous balloons, including Felix the Cat, the first balloon. Today's parade is all show-biz, glitz, lip-synced dance numbers and appearances by has-beens and wanna-be celebrities. And no, I won't be watching it.

...in 1965, France successfully launches a satellite, becoming the third nation in space.

...in 1870, the New York Times dubs baseball "America's Pastime."

...in 1896, Richard Strauss' Also Sprach Zarathustra (Thus Spake Zarathustra) debuted in Frankfurt, Germany, 72 years before anyone would learn to know it as the opening theme to 2001: A Space Odyssey. Open the pad bay doors, Hal.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

I hope everyone had a grand and blesses Thanksgiving, surrounded by family and friends. Sadly, Paige's family had their second Thanksgiving without their daughter, sister and mother with no news or word of her whereabouts. On this Thanksgiving Day, there were no new developments in Paige's case, either. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 92 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1942, the first mass-produced bomber, a B-24 Liberator, came out of Ford Motor Company's huge Willow Run factory, the largest building in the world. (At least, until 1943 when Chrysler's engine plant opened in Cicero, Illinois, where Tucker automobiles would be built in 1947.) In the 1930's, President Roosevelt foresaw the need for American productivity to be the biggest weapon in the arsenal as he also foresaw America's inevitable involvement in World War II. Charles "Cast Iron Charlie" Sorenson, the director of production for Ford Motor Company, worked out the details of Henry Ford's concept of mass-producing airplanes the way he had build Flivvers in the teens. The aircraft manufacturers derided the attempt, but the Willow Run building was larger than the facilities of Boeing, Douglass and Consolidated combined. Initially, there were problems with critics referring to the plant as "Will It Run?" but once production started, the 2.5 million square foot plant built 8,685 B-24's, in 1944, at the rate of one bomber per hour. Today, the runways built outside the plant in 1942 are the Willow Run Airport, and whether the personal accolades for Henry Ford are deserved or not, the Willow Run bomber plant was an industrial milestone.

http://www.michiganhistorymagazine.com/extra/willow_run/assembly.jpg
The Willow Run Assembly Line was one mile long.
Photo by National Geographic Society

...in 1994, nefarious serial killer, Jeffrey Dahmer, who was already serving 15 consecutive life terms, was beaten to death by a fellow inmate at Wisconsin's Columbia Correctional Institution in Portage, Wisconsin. He died at the hand of fellow inmate, Christopher Scarver, who also beat and killed inmate Jesse Anderson. (Anderson was also reviled in Milwaukee for killing his wife and trying to frame two unidentified African-American youths for the crime.) Dahmer was convicted of murdering at least 17 young men over a period of 13 years, most of them young, gay, African-Americans. He would lure them to his apartment, asking them to model for a photography shoot, where he would drug and strangle them, mutilate their bodies, cannibalize them and destroy their remains in barrels of acid. He was arrested on July 22, 1991 and convicted of 15 counts in February 1992. Scarver's motive for the dual killings is unknown, however, many feel he did both humanity and the State of Wisconsin a favor. He was transferred to a federal prison shortly after the beatings.

...in 1954, the first man to create and control a nuclear chain reaction, Enrico Fermi, died in Chicago at the age of 53. Fermi was born in Rome on September 1, 1901 and at the age of 17, decided he wanted to be a physicist. He studied at the University of Pisa, under German physicist Max Born who was known for his work with quantum physics, and he taught math at at the University of Florence. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1938 and even though he was on the watch list, he was allowed to travel to Sweden to receive the prize. He and his wife, Laura (who was Jewish) never returned - they went to Columbia University in New York City where he worked with Neils Bohr. Recognizing the military implications of nuclear fission, Bohr and Fermi wrote a letter to President Roosevelt, the letter was signed by Albert Einstein and the result was The Manhattan Project. Fermi created a lab in a squash court under the football stands at the University of Chicago, where he created the first controlled chain reaction. Today, Fermilab in Batavia, Illinois, is named in his honor.

...in 1925, what is today called The Grand Ol' Opry began broadcasting from Nashville, Tennessee on WSM 850 Radio. It was known as The Barn Dance in those days, to mimic the National Barn Dance show that was already being broadcast from WLS in Chicago. The producers realized that the audience loved the show, and performers were directed to dress like hillbillies and, where possible, adopt names that had a rural ring to them. Fans flocked to the studios to watch the show, and in 1943, the show was moved to the Ryman Auditorium in downtown Nashville. It had been built by Captain Thomas Ryman to house a traveling evangelist, Reverand Samuel Jones, and the building has a churchy feel to it, including stained glass windows. The Opry moved from the Ryman in 1974 to a new Opry House in the center of what was then called Opryland USA (http://thrillhunter.com/indexop.html), nine miles from downtown. Opryland featured a now-dismantled theme park and several entertainment stages. The Grand Ol' Opy is still heard every Saturday night on "Clear channel WSM (http://www.wsmonline.com/)" which is a 50,000 watt radio station, broadcasting on 850 kHz and can be heard all over the south and much of the Midwest.

http://www.opry.com/Media/Images/MeetTheOpry/Intro/WSMpostcard.jpg
The show was sponsored by the National Life and Accident Insurance Company,
which also built the radio station. WSM stood for "We Shield Millions."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 100 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1929, Richard Byrd, with three companions, flew over the South Pole, the first to accomplish the feat. Byrd had flown from a base camp he built, called Little America, on the Ross Ice Shelf. The flight to the pole and back again took 18 hours and 41 minutes. Byrd made five expeditions to Antarctica in his career, the first in 1929, again in 1933 when he was a Rear Admiral in the navy. On that trip, he was trapped during the winter, for five months, at a weather station 123 miles from his Little America base camp. He was rescued in spring, in August of 1934 in pretty rough condition. He returned again in 1939, with a huge vehicle called the Snow Cruiser, which I wrote about in a Live Journal (http://lugnuts.livejournal.com/5596.html?nc=1) entry some years ago. During the war, Admiral Byrd served the navy and afterward, led the largest expedition (to date) to Antarctica. He made his fifth and final trip to Antarctica in 1955, Admiral Byrd died in 1957.

...in 1948, Chicago was part of the struggle for supremacy in the production of network television, and a local childrens' show, Kukla, Fran and Ollie premiered on this date on the NBC network. The program featured actress, Fran Allison, as the host of the program with the puppets Kukla and Ollie, a dragon. The puppets were the brainchildren of Burr Tillstrom, along with several other puppets that were a part of the "Kuklapolitan Players." The show was called Junior Jamboree when it went on the air in Chicago in 1947 and the name changed when it went national. ("Kukla" means "doll" in Greek and Russian.) While the show was canceled in 1957, it continued in syndication well into the 1980's. The show set a very high standard for childrens' television, Burr Tillstrom had very strict rules, including that he stayed away from politics. KFO actually attracted more adult viewers than children, after all, sponsors like RCA and Ford Motor Company were not trying to reach children. Tillstrom considered the program high-quality, family programing and did not like KFO to be considered strictly as a children's show. He also wrote into his will that no one could perform his characters, so Kukla and Ollie now belong to the ages. You can learn more about the program at the Unofficial Kuklapolitan Website (http://kukla.tv/).

http://kukla.tv/stage52.jpg
Kukla, Burr, Ollie and Fran

...in 1963, President Lyndon Johnson assigned Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren to set up a special commission to investigate the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. The Warren Commission worked for 10 months, interviewing witneses and principals in the case, before filing a report with the President that said Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone and that the three bullets that killed the President and injured Texas Governor John Connally came from his rifle. The report did not silence critics who believe it was a vast conspiracy. A 1978 House Select Committee on Assassinations report concluded that President Kennedy was "probably assassinated as a result of a conspiracy" that involved multiple shooters and organized crime. Both reports are still hotly debated and are disputed around the world.

...in 1947, the United Nations voted to create the state of Israel by partitioning Palestine, a move protested by Arab opposition. After the Holocaust, with no where else to turn, Jewish refugees went to the newly formed state, in lands that had been occupied by Great Britain. On May 14, 1948, the British withdrew at the expiration of their mandate, and the next day, Israel was invaded by Egypt, Transjordan, Syria, Lebanon and Iraq. Although outgunned, the Israeli forces not only repelled the invasion but captured more lands. A similar invasion, with similar results, occurred 19 years later, in 1967. The area is still under fire with hatred boiling over in some circles.

That's it. That's all we know as of 1:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 76 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1954, the first recorded (modern) case of a human being struck by a meteorite occurred in Sylacuga, Alabama. The eight and a hlaf pound sulfide meteorite crashed through the roof of a house, bounced off the floor and struck Elizabeth Hodges on the hip. Other than a nasty bruise, she was not seriously injured. There were reports of people being inured or killed by meteroites in ancient Chinese history, in 1927 a girl was reportedly struck in Japan and in 1946, a boy was reportedly knocked off a bicycle by a meteorite but these reports are unsubstantiated. We reported, in the Morning Update, October 9 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-october-9-2008-a-44741/) that a car had been struck in Peekskill, New York in 1992.

...in 1994, the luxury liner with a sordid past, the Achille Lauro caught fire and sank near Somalia. The ship had been constructed in 1947 as the William Ruys by the Royal Rotterdam Line and was used primarily to carry freight between The Netherlands and the East Indies. In 1965, the StarLauro Line baught the ship and, against superstition, rechristened the ship as the Achille Lauro. Ship lore says that renamed ships are bad luck, and the Achille Lauro certainly had a run of misfortune. In 1971, it rammed an Italian fishing boat resulting in one death. In 1981, a fire on board killed two people and in 1985, in its most notorious incident, it was hijacked by Palestinian terrorists who shot and killed a wheel-chair bound American, Leon Klinghoffer, then threw his body and wheelchair overboard.

http://www.ssmaritime.com/fire.JPG
The Achille Lauro caught fire at sea and sank in 1994

The ship was traveling around the Horn of South African when it caught fire. Survivors were picked up by the USS Gettysburg Her sister ship, the Angelina Lauro also met a firey end. The Angelina Lauro caught fire at the dock in Saint Thomas and dramatic photos can be seen on Reuben Goosens' ssMaritime (http://www.ssmaritime.com/oranjefire.htm) website. Reuben Goosens also has the story of the Achille Lauro (http://www.ssmaritime.com/achillelauro.htm) on his website.

...in 1959, production began on Alfred Hitchcock's most terrifying thriller, Psycho based on Robert Bloch's novel of the same name. Hitch bought the rights from Bloch and then bought up all the copies of the novel he could to preserve the ending. The Norman Bates character, so well played by Anthony Perkins, was based on the real-life serial killer and grave robber, Ed Gein from Plainfield, Wisconsin. (See Morning Updates for July 26 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-july-26-2008-a-41407/) amd November 16 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-november-16-2008-a-46393/) for more on Ed Gein.) Hitchcock was an expert story teller and master of suspence. Hitch let his characters and excellent camera work plant the story in the audience's minds. The shower scene in Psycho is an excellent study in how to terrify an audience, it took over a week to film and lasts only 45 seconds. In the straight-on scene of the showerhead, it was actually 6 feet in diameter so the water spray would go past the camera. The scene does not show any actual carnage, it all occurs in the viewers' mind, the blood was actually Hershey's Chocolate Syrup. Although he was long an American citizen, Hitchcock was knighted in 1980, and he died in the same year.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 122 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1990, 132 feet below the English Channel, crews tunneling from England met crews tunneling from France to complete the first link of the Channel Tunnel, or, Chunnel. The idea of a tunnel connecting the British Isles to mainland Europe was nothing new, even Napoleon proposed it in 1802. It was not until the 20th Century, though, that technology was available to tackle such an ambitious project. There are actually three tubes, one for each direction of travel and one for maintenance. The tubes carry high speed trains that make the 31 mile journey in 20 minutes, 23 of those miles averaging 150' below the English Channel.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Channel_Tunnel_geological_profile_1.svg/800px-Channel_Tunnel_geological_profile_1.svg.png
Cross section of the Chunnel below the English Channel.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/chunnel.jpg?t=1228095205
The Chunnel. Tubes between the tunnels are built in to
balance the air pressure built up by high speed trains moving through the tubes.

...in 1824, the Presidential election made the 2000 election look like a high school council popularity contest. Does any of this sound familiar? With no clear winner, the election went to the House of Representatives, as dictated by the 12th Amendment. There were four candidates including Andrew Jackson with 99 electoral votes, John Quincy Adams (son of John Adams, the second President) with 84 electoral votes, Secretary of State William H. Crawford with 41 electoral votes and Henry Clay of Virginia with 37 electoral votes. Crawford was debilitated with a stroke just prior to the election, but Clay was disqualified as the fourth place finisher. He threw his support over to John Quincy Adams as they were part of a loose coalition called the National Republicans. The House voted Adams to be the President. Adams then appointed Clay to be his Secretary of State, which Jackson supporters called the fulfillment of a corrupt agreement. As a result, Adams had little popular support and his reelection bid failed in 1828 when he lost to Andrew Jackson.

...in 1913, Model T's began to come off Ford's new continuous moving assembly line at the rate of one car every two and a half minutes. The rate would eventually be a Flivver in less than an minute and the moving assembly line revolutionized the industry. In 1915, Henry Ford would institute the five dollar day, and shorten the work day to eight hours.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/FordAssemblyLine.jpg?t=1228094927
Flivvers (Model T Fords) being built on the first moving assembly line.

...in 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, an African-American woman refused to give up her seat on a public bus to a white man. That was a violation of Montgomery's racial segregation laws, and Rosa Parks was subsequently arrested. Following her arrest, a boycott was organized by a young Baptist minister named Martin Luther King, Jr. The boycott ran for more than a year, and since African-Americans comprised 70% of the bus ridership, the transit system felt the financial pressure. On December 20, 1956, the segregation rules were rescinded and the boycott ended. It was the first great victory in the non-violent civil rights movement in the United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Rosa_Parks_Bus.jpg/180px-Rosa_Parks_Bus.jpg
The #2857 bus where all the ruckus started is now on
display at the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Rosaparks.jpg/225px-Rosaparks.jpg
Rosa Parks in 1955 with Martin Luther King, Jr. in the background.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 128 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1902, a French engineer named Leon-Marie-Joseph-Clement Levausseur patented an engine block that allowed for 8 pistons to fit into the space of 4 by making a V-shaped block. Levausseur's engine featured four cylinders in either of two banks of cylinders with two pistons on one throw of the crankshaft. If that doesn't mean much to you, don't worry. The short description is that he invented the V-8 engine. Early V-8 engines were expensive to make, as they were cast in two pieces and assembled, so they were only used in large, expensive automobiles until 1932. Henry Ford figured out how to cast a V-8 block in one piece and revolutionized the industry, yet again, by putting V-8's into popular price automobiles.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Antoinette_VII.JPG/300px-Antoinette_VII.JPG
Leon Levausseur also designed and built aircraft
called Antoinette. Note the V8 engine that powers
this 1909 Antoinette, preserved in the Bourget
Museum in Paris.

...in 1823, President James Monroe proclaimed a foreign policy that became known as The Monroe Doctrine, that basically said that any European power asserting itself in the Western Hemisphere (colonization, primarily) was subject to American intervention, and conversely, the United States would stay out of European intrigue. The Doctrine was mostly the work of John Quincy Adams, who would be elected President the following year. The Doctrine was never tested until 1898 during the Spanish-American War, and it stood as the cornerstone of American diplomacy until WW I pulled the US into the European war and propelled the United States into the role of world superpower.

...in 1942, in a squash court under the football stands at the University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi produced the first nuclear chain reaction. It was a major breakthrough and ushered in the nuclear age. He sent a telegram to President Roosevelt that read, "The Italian navigator has landed in the new world." The Nobel Prize winning physicist, along with Neils Bohr and Albert Einstein, recognized the military implications of such an explosive power, and convinced President Roosevelt in the necessity of securing the power before Axis enemies did.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg/225px-Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg
Enrico Fermi

...in 2001, Enron filed for bankruptcy protection in Federal Court. As the layers were peeled away, one of the largest scandals ever was revealed. The house of cards was formed with the merger of two Texas gas companies, The stock, once as high as $90.75 per share eventually closed at 26¢ per share, wiping out thousands of retirement investment funds. The architects of the fraud, Kenneth Lay and Jeffrey K. Skilling, were indicted on at least 35 charges of fraud. Lay died of a heart attack and Skilling was convicted on 19 of 35 counts of fraud. Skilling was sentenced to 24 years in prison.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/enron-sign.jpg
The famous Enron sign was sold at auction for $44,000.00. Somehow, it always reminded me of this:

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/poiuyt_Mad93.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 78 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1984, one of the worst industrial accidents of all time took place in Bhopal, India when a Union Carbide pesticide plant leaked a cloud of methyl isocynate into the atmosphere. Approximately 1 million people lived in Bhopal at the time. 2,000 died immediately, about 600,000 were injured and at least 6,000 people have died since the cloud was dispersed. A series of mechanical problems and human error caused the leak, which remained undetected for at least an hour. When the alarm was finally went off, the damage was already done. The local government had never been apprised of toxicity of the chemicals used at the plant and there was no emergency plan in place. If people had placed a wet towel over their heads, they would have escaped the damage. The Indian government sued, Union Carbide settled in 1989 for $470 million dollars, but most citizens received just $550, far from enough to cover the medical expenses. Union Carbide shut down the plant after the disaster, although the plant is extant, reports are that it is still leaking poisonous material into the soil around Bhopal.

...in 1967, Dr. Christiaan Bernard, at the Broote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa transplanted a heart into Lewis Washansky. The heart deseased grocer received a heart from Denise Darvall, a 25 year old woman who died in a car accident. Drugs used to supress the rejection of the heart caused him to contract double pneumonia and he died 18 days later, but the heart functioned fully until his death. As time went on, better anti-rejection drugs were developed that gives today's heart transplant recipients a much better prognosis. (Personal side note: Dr. Bernard visited Milwaukee's St. Luke's Hospital heart center in 1969, when The Old Man was recovering from open heart surgery. Dr. Bernard did comment on his case, however, The Old Man was on so many drugs at the time that he never remembered the visit - but WE did!)

...in 1979, the last AMC Pacer came off the assembly line. There is no inbetween with this car, people either love it or hate it. The haters deride it as one of the ugliest, and worst, cars ever made. The idea was good, but the huge greenhouse tended to make the car very warm in the Summer sun. The Pacer made the Time Magazine list of 50 Worst Cars.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/1975_AMC_Pacer_base_model_frontrightside.jpg/250px-1975_AMC_Pacer_base_model_frontrightside.jpg
I looked up "ugly" in the dictionary and found this photo of a Pacer.

...in 1917, the Quebec Bridge opened near Quebec City. The bridge initially carried one roadway, two railroad tracks and pedestrial walkways. Today it carries three auto lanes and two rail lines. The structure is owned by the Canadian National Railway and is 3,239 feet long, 94 feet wide, and 340 feet high.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Quebec_Bridge_-_Pont_de_Qu%C3%A9bec.jpg/250px-Quebec_Bridge_-_Pont_de_Qu%C3%A9bec.jpg
Since its construction, the Quebec Bridge is the longest cantilever truss bridge in the world.

...in 1989, Melissa Brannen disappeared from a Christmas party in Fairfax, Virginia. The five year old vanished without a trace, but interviews allowed police to zero in on a guest, Caleb Hughes. Detectives found him at 1:00 AM, washing his clothes, including his belt. Investigators used tape to collect hair and fibers from every surface in Hughes' car and house. Investigators were able to tie Hughes to the disappearance, and he was convicted of abduction but Melissa was never found. There is always hope, isn't there?

That's it. That's all we know as of 4:31 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 101 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1872, the British brig Dei Gratia spotted the American ship, Mary Celeste sailing erratically, under full sail, near the Azores Islands. The crew of the Dei Gratia boarded boarded the American ship to find a most strange circumstance. The ships stores and supplies were untouched, the cargo was still in the hold, the lifeboat and navigation instruments were gone and other than some water in the hold, everything appeared normal except that there was not a soul on board. The last entry in the captain's log had been made nine days earlier and 500 miles away. The captain and crew of the Mary Celeste were never found and the reason the crew abandoned the ship has never been found.

...in 1921, Roscoe Conkling "Fatty" Arbuckle learns his trial for manslaughter ended in a hung jury. Arbuckle was an up and coming comic in silent films, he discovered, and was a friend of, Buster Keaton and made films with Charlie Chaplin. He was one of the most popular comics in silent films until 1921 when he hosted a weekend party at a hotel in San Francisco. Starlet Virginia Rappe became ill at the party and died three days later of a ruptured bladder. Circumstantial evidence was used to arrest and try Arbuckle, who was accused of raping Rappe and and killing her with his excess weight. After three trials, he was acquitted but the damage was done. William Randolph Hearst's newspapers had tried and convicted Arbuckle in print before the trial started. He did direct some films under the pseudonym William B. Goodrich and even made some films in 1932 to start a comeback. The comeback was short-lived, though, as Roscoe Arbuckle died in 1933 of heart failure.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/KeystoneKops.jpg
Typical Keystone Cops pose. Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle is on the far right.

...in 1915, under the spell of Hungarian author and lecturer, Rosika Schwimmer, pacifist Henry Ford chartered the Oscar II to take delegates to Europe. The delegates were going to talk to the heads of Europe to end the war. Dubbed "The Peace Ship," the idealistic attempt to sway European leaders to end the war was derided by press and diplomats alike. With Ford's sponsorship, it even became known as "The Flivver Ship." The failure of the mission has been talked about for decades with views both positive and negative. Ford himself, recognized that the Peace Ship was a failure but also recognized the publicity it generated for Ford Motor Company.

...in 1915, The Panama Pacific Exposition opened in San Francisco. It was the World's Fair and was supposedly celebrated the opening of the Panama Canal, but it was also a chance for San Francisco to show the world that it had recovered from the great earthquake of 1906. Like the White City of the Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago, the buildings were all designed to be temporary, constructed of burlap and plaster. Also like the Columbian Exposition where one building is extant, one of the Pan-Pacific Exposition buildings remains.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Palace-of-fine-arts-1919.jpg/800px-Palace-of-fine-arts-1919.jpg
The Palace of Fine Arts, as seen in 1919, was rebuilt in the 1960's and today houses a museum called the Exploratorium.

Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle and Mabel Norman starred in a Keystone film about the Expostion. It is available for your viewing here, on YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIfV_VK6Wb8).

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 70 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1952, Abbott & Costello jumped into television when The Abbott & Costello Show premiered on CBS. The duo started in Vaudeville on stage where they honed their act to a fine edge. They made the move to radio in the 1930's and developed a huge following. In 1940, they made the first of 36 movies together, including spoof send-ups of classic horror movies. Of these, Abbott & Costello Meet Frankenstein is the most popular. The television show only ran two seasons (52 episodes) but continued to run in syndication for many years. Their signiture routine, Who's On First landed in the Baseball Hall of Fame Museum in 1956, although contrary to urban myth, they are not members of the Hall of Fame and are not the first non-baseball players to ever be so honored. The routine (here's the script of it (http://www.baseball-almanac.com/humor4.shtml)) which features misunderstandings over the unusual names of the players on the team, is still popular today and can be seen on YouTube by following this link (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sShMA85pv8M) from their 1945 film The Naughty Nineties.

http://www.clown-ministry.com/images/abbott-costello-radio.jpg
Lou Costello (1906 - 1959) and
Bud Abbott (1897 - 1974)

...in 1933, the 21st Amendment to the Constitution was ratified, which repealed the 18th Amendment. Huh? The 18th Amendment prohibited the manufacture and importation of alcohol in the United States. Pennsylvania, Ohio and Utah ratified the amendment on the same day, reaching the three fourths majority of states needed to ratify an amendment. Prohibition began with temperance movements in the 19th Century, led by such notables as Carrie Nation, known for breaking up bars with a hatchet. The temperance movement grew in size and in power, and while many states banned alcohol within their borders, the temperance movement looked to Washington for federal assistance. On January 29, 1919 the 18th Amendment was ratified. (Some states still have "dry counties" and state governments regulate alcohol sales.) Congress passed the Volstead Act on October 28, 1919, overriding the veto of President Wilson, setting up enforcement of prohibition by the Treasury Department. It did little more than slow down the flow of alcohol. Organized crime saw an opportunity, and soon illicit breweries, distilleriers, distribution networks and "speakeasies" were operating across the country. The Al Capone syndicate operated with impunity in Chicago, at least, until a young treasury agent named Eliot Ness came to town. More importantly, lack of taxes on alcohol sales during prohibition cost federal, state and local treasuries millions of dollars. The unpopular law was repealed on this date in 1933 but some states continued prohibition. Mississippi became the last hold out to repeal prohibition in 1966. (Lynchburg, Tennessee is the county seat of Moore County and is home to the Jack Daniels Distillery. Moore County remains dry, and only recently has the distillery been allowed to sell whiskey to tourists with a special amendment made to the county charter.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/JDBottle.jpg/150px-JDBottle.jpg
While you can purchase Jack Daniels
commemorative bottles at the distillery in
Lynchburg, Tennessee, you cannot consume
your purchase in "dry" Moore County,
under penalty of law.

...in 1945, Flight 19, a squadron of five US Navy Avenger torpedo-bombers, took off from Fort Lauderdale, Florida on a standard, three-hour training mission. They never returned. The leader of the patrol radioed in that he was having difficulty with his compass, other pilots reported the same problem. Eventually, the lost aircraft were forced to ditch for lack of fuel. The navy launched a Mariner seaplane to search for the downed fliers. It was never heard from again. None of the six aircraft or the remains of the 27 men on board the six aircraft were ever found. While the official navy story is that stormy seas hampered the search and rescue attempts and probably destroyed the remains, the event became the keystone in the legend of the so-called Bermuda Triangle. Christopher Columbus even reported compass problems in the area, and a similar shaped area east of the Phillipines is also referred to as The Devil's Sea. Much has been written about the Bermuda Triangle, by scientists and skeptics, and by those who believe it is an alien-built portal that allows intergalactic transportation. (This reporter belongs to neither the skeptics nor the tinfoil beanie crowd, but does enjoy the debate.)

http://www.byerly.org/images/bermudamap.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 93 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1884, the Washington Monument was finally completed, fifty two years after it was started, and 85 years after his death. In 1783, the fledgling congress wanted to build a monument to George Washington, a statue, to commemorate his efforts in the Revolutionary War. When the architect of the new city of Washington, Pierre L'Enfant, designed the city, he left a special place for the statue. Washington died in 1799, and in 1832, a private group, headed by James Madison, began to raise funds for the memorial. They raised $230,000, far short of the $1 million needed, but they began to build the structure anyway, in 1848. The design, a classic obelisk, was chosen in a design contest. The cornerstone was a 24,500 pound block of white marble. Funding ran out about 6 years later. Mark Twain said, in 1861, that it looked like an unfinished chimney. It was not until 1876, the American centenial, that President Ulysses S. Grant declared the construction to be completed. The obelisk is constructed with about 36,000 blocks of marble and granite. It reaches 555 feet, 5-1/8 inches tall, the tallest building in the world at the time it was built. It remains the tallest structure in Washington, thanks to a special ordinace that prevents any structure in Washington from being taller than the Washington Monument.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Washington_Monument_Dusk_Jan_2006.jpg/288px-Washington_Monument_Dusk_Jan_2006.jpg
897 steps lead to an observation platform at the top, although today, there is also an elevator. The Washington Monument was restored between 1996 and 2000.

...in 1955, the federal government made license plates a standard dimension. Prior to this date, states designed their own license plates and made a wide variety of sizes.

...in 1865, the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified, outlawing the institution of slavery. "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 126 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1787, 37 of 55 delegates to the Delaware Constitutional Convention voted to ratify the new Constitution of the United States, making Delaware the first state of the new union. The new, stronger document replaced the Articles of Confederation that had served the original 13 colonies as the first federal government. On June 21, 1788, New Hampshire became the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, making federal democracy the official government of the new United States of America.

...in 1931, according to some sources, the last Model A Ford was produced, so the factories could retool for the introduction of the V8 on April 1, 1932. As a Model A enthusiast and your unofficial historian of the Model A, this reporter knows this is not entirely true. Henry Ford had learned his lesson about the complete shutdown of his factories when no cars were produced between the time the Model T ceased production in May of 1927 and the introduction of the Model A in December of of 1927. Model A's continued to be built in some locations, mostly what were called "commercial" vehicles (trucks and station wagons) but certain passenger cars were also produced well into 1932, assuring sales for Ford Motor Company and its dealers...

...and in 1956, Chevrolet produced its 3,000,000th car for the year, the first time Chevrolet had produced over 3 million vehicles. (We're an equal opportunity car reporter.)

...in 1941,movies theaters reported a drop of more than 50% in attendance on this date, because most Americans were in shock over...

...in 1941, the Japanese fleet launched a massive aerial attack from aircraft carriers against the American forces stationed at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Within minutes, five of eight battleships at Pearl Harbor were sunk or sinking. Several other ships and most Hawaii-based combat planes were also knocked out.

Towards the end of 1941, the world was at war while the United States was at peace. Slowly, Americans were being drawn into the European war by sending materiel to England on the Lend/Lease program, but American merchant marine vessels were being attacked by German U-boats. American neutrality was in serious jeopardy.

The Japanese, meanwhile, were embroiled in a seemingly endless war in China. Japan's lack of natural resources was a problem and when Western powers cut off all trade with Japan in July of 1941, the Japanese war machine, desperate for materiel, made plans to seize the rich resources of southeast Asia.

War in the Pacific was inevitable. President Roosevelt had moved most of the US Navy fleet to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, to act as a deterrent to the Imperial forces. The Japanese command saw the US Navy as the only roadblock to their Imperial ambitions. President Roosevelt and the American military leaders had knowledge that a Japanese attack on American forces was likely, and inevitable, but intelligence sources were sure the attack would come in the Philippines. An attack on Pearl Harbor was such an outrageously bold plan that no one believed an attack would occur there.

http://www.ccdemo.info/PearlHarbor/pearl42.jpg
This image of the Arizona, sunk and burning, is probably second only to the flag raising,
on Mount Surabachi on Iwo Jima, in the minds of Americans for WWII.


Over 2400 Americans died in the attack. Captain Franklin van Valkenburgh ran to the bridge of his ship, the USS Arizona, minutes before the ship exploded under fire. There were three men on the bridge including an ensign and quartermaster. Van Valeknburgh directed the defense of his ship from the bridge until a violent explosion tossed the three men to the deck. The ensign survived but the other two men were never seen again. Nothing of his remains were ever found, except for his Naval Academy class ring, which was later found in the wreckage.

He was posthumously awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor, the highest military honor bestowed by the United States.

Nearly 1.5 million gallons of fuel went down with the USS Arizona. To this day, about two quarts bubble to the surface daily which survivors refer to as "black tears." Estimates are that about 500,000 gallons remain, guaranteeing that the black tears will continue for decades.

The best piece of luck for the Americans, which spelled the eventual doom for Imperial Japanese aspirations, was that the American aircraft carriers were at sea on maneuvers. Had the carriers been in Pearl Harbor, the war might have been, at best, prolonged or at worst, lost.

It's been 67 years since the attack that rallied Americans into a united cause and much has changed in the world. Please, take a moment and remember the Americans who perished on this date in 1941.

http://www.ccdemo.info/PearlHarbor/ArizMem2.jpg
The Arizona memorial today.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

Post Script: First Lady, Eleanor Roosevelt, actually addressed Americans before President Roosevelt did. She had a regularly scheduled radio program on Sunday nights, and on that night, she said that "whatever is asked of [America] we shall accomplish it; we are the free and unconquerable people of the U.S.A." Hopefully, we still are.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 66 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1940, the Chicago Bears beat the Washington Redskins in the NFL Championship game. (The season was considerably shorter back then!) The final score was 73-0, the largest defeat in NFL history. In a regular season game, the Redskins had beaten the Bears by a margin of 7-3 when Redskins coach, George Prestin Marshall, called the Bears "Quitters" and "Crybabies." Papa Bear George Hallas used the phrases to motivate his team, running out the season to earn the chance to play the Redskins for the championship. The game got out of hand in the second half, and officials asked the Bears to stop kicking extra points because they were running out of footballs. Many NFL players, and George Hallas himself, enlisted. In 1946, after the war and everyone returned, the Bears won their fourth championship in seven years. With the exception of 1963 and 1985, the Bears haven't done much since.

...in 1945, after the surrender of Japan, the occupation government allowed Toyota Motor Company to again start building busses and trucks, vehicles needed to get Japan's economy moving again.

...in 1980, singer, songwriter and Beatle, John Lennon, was shot and killed ouside of The Dakota apartment building in New York City by Mark David Chapman. Chapman was enamored with Holden Caulfield, the weird hero of J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye. (Not to be confused with Bob Uecker's Catcher in the Wry. Caulfield was also obsessed with certain celebrities and was convinced that John Lennon was a phony and plotted a murder plan. He shot Lennon in the back, then fired two shots into his shoulder while he was wreathing in pain. Chapman pled guilty and is serving 20-to-life in Attica Prison in New York. (Lennon once wrote a song about a riot at Attica, which called for the freeing of prisoners everywhere.)

...in 1894, James Thurber was born in Columbus, Ohio. An accident as a child took one of his eyes, and he was a shy and retiring youth. (He lost his eye from an arrow shot by his brother, so listen to your mother.) While at Ohio State University, Thurber discovered writing, and he served the army as an cryptologist. In 1926, he moved to New York and landed a job with a new magazine called The New Yorker where he met E.B. White of Charlotte's Web fame. Thurber wrote delightfully humorous short stories and essays, such as The Unicorn In The Garden, The Scotty Who Knew Too Much and The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, for which he is best remembered. You could look it up.

...in 1941, President Roosevelt went before Congress to ask for a declaration of war against Japan. It began, "Yesterday, December 7, 1941 - a date which will live in infamy - the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan." (You can listen to the speech here (http://easylink.playstream.com/historyplace/thp-fdr-war.rm).) While not one of the most stirring Presidential addresses in history, it was certainly one of the most important.

http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/day-of-infamy/images/fdr-signing-declaration.gif
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signs the Declaration of War against Japan, Decmber 8, 1941.
--Photo by the National Archives

[B]That's it.[/B} That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 53 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1963, the last Studebaker came off the assembly line at the South Bend, Indiana factory. The Studebaker Brothers (ohn and Clement) started building horse drawn vehicles in the middle of the 19th Century and made the changeover to automobile production in the early stages of the 20th Century. (John Studebaker went west in 1849 to make his fortune during the California Gold Rush. He did make a fortune there, not by mining gold, but by mining miners and selling them wheelbarrows and other implements. He returned and used his earnings to build wagons.) In 1902, the company began to build electric automobiles and later, gasoline powered cars. Studebaker subsidiaries made STP Products, Onan Power Generation equipment, Gravely Tractors, Clarke Floor Machines and the General Products Division, which fuliflled government contracts. Studebaker built large, powerful automobiles but during the depression, they suffered as all manufacturers did. During WWII, Srudebaker built an amphibious vehicle called the Weasel, 6x6 trucks and engines for the B-17 Flying Fortress. Following WWII, the independent auto makers had to scramble to keep up with the Big 3. Studebaker came to the market with Rayond Loewry's innovative designs, such as the Champion Starliner. It was arguably the first pony car but a full ten years ahead of the Ford Mustang. In an effort of mutual survival, Studebaker and Packard merged in 1954 but it only prolonged the inevitable. After the last car was built in South Bend, Studebakers continued to be built in Hamilton, Ontario but the end came in 1966. The subsidiaries continued under the name Studebaker-Worthington, but eventually, that was also aquired and assets sold off. The General Products Division was aquired by Kaiser Industries and continues to build government vehicles under the name AM General, such as mail trucks and military Humvees.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Lincoln%20Highway/IM003554.jpg
Ab Jenkins drove this 1927 Studebaker Commander from New York to San Francisco, on the Lincoln Highway, 3,302 miles in 77 hours and 40 minutes. It was just one of many speed records he set, several at the Bonneville Salt Flats, before becoming the mayor of Salt Lake City.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Lincoln%20Highway/BendixWoods.jpg
The Studebaker Test Track is located just west of South Bend. It was purchased by Bendix that built a facility here. The rest of the land was donated to the county for the Bendix Woods Park. Note the test track, still extant. The Studebakers planted 5,000 trees that spell the family name, visible from space.


That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 97 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...
<p
...in 1915, the 1,000,000 Model T Ford was produced. When you consider that the Model T was introduced in the fall of 1908, the landmark required the help of Henry's assembly line. 14,000,000 more Model T's would be produced when production ended in 1927. The assembly line made it possible for Ford to reduce the price of the Model T so that average Americans could afford an automobile. The assembly line, the simplicity and reliability of the Model T (not to mention the ease of repairing it) all contributed to putting America on wheels.

...in 1845, another invention that would help put the world on wheels was patented in Great Britain. R.W. Thompson perfected a way of putting rubber tubes, inflated with air, stretched around carriage wheels. It was the first pneumatic tire that would provide comfortable automobiles and traction on multiple surfaces.

...in 1970, Lee Iacocca became President of Ford Motor Company. However, in his term at the helm, he ran afoul of Henry Ford II who fired him in 1978. Iacocca would later take over as President of the ailing Chrysler Corporation, still reeling from the loss of sales from the oil shortages of the mid 1970's. He talked the federal government into a $1.2 billion so-called bail-out. It was actually $1.2 billion in loan guarantees. Iococca reduced his salary to $1, for one year, anyway, then recovered the balance of his salary in 1980. Not everything is always as it appears, is it? He wrote a tell-all book that excoriated Henry Ford II. Little known is that Henry Ford II retaliated in kind, but Iaocca played the PR game better than the late Henry Ford. There is a lot written about the Chrysler story, good and bad, but there is no doubt that Iaocca became a celebrity over the issue.

...in 1938, after years of misfirings and delays, Gone with the Wind finally began filming. Producer, David O. Selznick had not cast the role of Scarlett O'Hara yet, so production began with the burning of Atlanta, which did not require Scarlett's appearance, at least, in close ups. Selznick had paid the unheard of sum of $100,000 for the rights to Margaret Mitchell's novel and it would go on to be one of the favorite movies of all time.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 120 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1985, a computer store owner in Sacramento, California died when a mailed package exploded in his hands. Hugh Scrutton was the first victim of a man who would become known as the "Unabomber." The name came from his early attacks that were made against universities, for example, his very first bomb exploded on May 25, 1978 at the Chicago campus of the University of Illinois. Over a 15 year period, sporadic bombings kept authorities off his trail but in the mid 1990's he suddenly changed his MO, probably to increase his fame. He demanded that the press publish his manifesto and he would stop the bombings. The New York Times and Washington Post published portions of his manuscript, mostly rants against technology and in favor of environmentalism. David Kaczynski recognized the style as that of his brother, Ted. Police found him inside a small cabin in remote Montana with bombs. Today, Ted Kaczynski is serving a life sentence.

...in 1872, Buffalo Bill Cody appeared on stage in a Chicago based play entitled The Scout of the Prairie. Unlike the many copy-cats who emulated him, William Frederick Cody actually was a scout, hunter, Indian fighter and teamster. He rode with the Pony Express, fought in the Civil War with several groups and was hired by the army after the war to scout and aid in the Indian Wars. After his military stint, he served as a guide for hunters to wished to experience the wild west while it still existed. One of his hunting clients was a dime novel writer who made Buffalo Bill a larger-than-life hero of many the of the little volumes. Once Cody heard the applause, he was hooked and never looked back. He opened his WIld West Show in 1883 and was widely known for his biggest stars, Annie Oakly and Chief Sitting Bull. (The show was still touring when he died in 1917.) Buffalo Bill even dabbled in the movies, begining in 1894 when Thomas Edison filmed seven acts of the Wild West Show. Buffalo Bill's estate. Scout's Rest is located in North Platte, Nebraska and is now a park, open for tours.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/codysadd.gif
William Frederick "Buffalo Bill" Cody

http://www.lkwdpl.org/WIHOHIO/oakl-ann.jpg
Phoebe Ann Mozee
1860 - 1926
aka Annie Oakley

...in 1941, spare tires were outlawed - no, not what you think. New cars were not supplied with spare tires because of the shortage of rubber, brought on by World War II.

...in 1941, Germany officially declared war on the United States. The attack on Pearl Harbor surprised Adolph Hitler, too, who wanted to bring the United States into the war but wasn't sure how. The sneak attack answered his question and the declaration of war followed on December 11.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 111 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...
<p
...in 1941, under the law of angary (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angary), the US Navy seized the largest and most luxurious ocean liner in the world, France's SS Normandie, which was docked in New York harbor at the time. After the fall of France, the Nazi's took control under the Vichy Government. The ship was seized in New York Harbor in order to prevent it from falling into the hands of the Nazis when it returned to France. The Normandie was, and perhaps remains, the greatest ocean liner every built. After seizure, the ship was rechristened the USS Lafayette and was destined to be a troop ship. (You may recall that the Marquis de Lafayette was a French general who aided the colonies win the Revolutionary War.) Also, as is often the case with rechristened ships, bad luck followed. The Lafayette caught fire and burned at the dock. Expensive salvage operations followed, but the wreck was too far gone to be useable. The hulk sat through the war, then was scrapped in 1946 - a sad end to the queen of the oceans.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/SS_Normandie_postcard.jpg
The SS Normandie.The third funnel was a dummy to balance the appearance of the vessel and actually contained a dog kennel.

...in 1917, 31 year old priest, Father Edward J. Flanagan, opened a sanctuary in Omaha, Nebraska for negelcted and troubled children, with six boys as his first guests. Father Flanagan had run a sanctuary for displaced workers, but he knew that orphans and mistreated children could turn to criminals in time. His haven became known as Boys' Town and was soon filled to overflowing. In 1918, the facility moved to the former German-American Home, which became the most hated building in town when World War I broke out. That too, was soon overcrowded and in 1921, Boys' Town moved to a farm about 10 miles west of town. It grew to a full campus of facilites, including a school system and its own zip code. The city of Omaha has since grown around Girls and Boys Town, as it is known today, and it remains a beacon of hope for those who need it. (Father Flanagan was portrayed by Spencer Tracy in the 1938 film, Boys Town with Mickey Rooney. Tracy would win the Best Actor Oscar for the picture, which was donated to Boys Town. The line, "He ain't heavy, he's my brother" came from this movie.)

https://www.boystown.org/AboutUs/PublishingImages/heaintheavy.jpg
He ain't heavy, Father. He's my brother.

[I]That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 119 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1910, Lee De Forest, a radio pioneer, set up the first of two broadcasts of operas from the Metropolitan Opera, both featuring Enrico Caruso. There were very few radio receivers at that time, but the experiment seemed to be well accepted. There were no more broadcasts from The Met until 1922, but in 1931, The Met began to broadcast on network radio and, to this day, Saturday radio broadcasts from The Met continue on The Met's large international radio network. The 2008-2009 season of broadcasts starts today with The Queen of Spades and you can locate a station by using the Met Opera Station Finder (http://www.operainfo.org/stationfinder/).

...in 1642, Abel Tasman, a Dutch navigator and explorer, became the first European to set sight on an island group in the South Pacific that is today known as New Zealand. The trumpet signals between ships, however, was interpreted by natives as a signal of attack and many of Tasman's crew were killed on the only attempt they made to land on the islands. Yes, it's the same guy who discovered the sea and island that bear his name. New Zealand was named for the Dutch province of Zeeland - since Michigan hadn't been settled yet. No one paid any attention to New Zealand until Captain James Cook went there in the 18th Century.

...in 1922, William Kissel, of Harford, Wisconsin, along with Friedrich Werner, received a patent for an invention they called the "Covertible Automobile Body." It was a hard top that could be removed to make a closed sedan into an open touring car. Kissel automobiles were built in Hartford from 1906 until November 1930 when the maker of large, powerful luxury cars succumbed to the depression.

...in 1939, the first production Lincoln Continental was completed. To this day, it is considered one of the most beautiful automobiles ever designed and built.

http://www.autolife.umd.umich.edu/Design/Gartman/Other/P833_71476_1939_Lincoln.jpg

...in 1918, President Woodrow Wilson spent nine days aboard the SS George Washington and arrived in Brest, France where he traveled to Versailles to attend the peace conference to end World War I. It was the first visit by a sitting president to Europe. The President worked with great vigor to end the war. He was against the harsh penalties demand by the victorious countries that inflicted such hardships upon Germany that opened the door to Adolph Hitler, the Third Reich and World War II. Wilson also campaigned for the creation of the League of Nations, the failed forerunner of the United Nations. Wilson would be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919 for his efforts.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Thomas_Woodrow_Wilson%2C_Harris_%26_Ewing_bw_photo _portrait%2C_1919.jpg/225px-Thomas_Woodrow_Wilson%2C_Harris_%26_Ewing_bw_photo _portrait%2C_1919.jpg
Woodrow Wilson, 28th President of the United States

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[scottcooks]

what happened with the invesitgation in Utah?

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 80 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1900, Max Planck published his paper on the effect of radiation on "blackbody" substance, much in the way black holes pull in everything, including light. His breakthrough theory became the basis of quantum mechanics. It was such a breakthrough that Planck was awarded the 1918 Nobel Prize for Physics. My brother, The Rocket Scientist, once took about a half an hour and explained it to me, and I don't understand much more now than I did before he told me. I do know, though, that Planck's observations that energy is both a wave and matter, together with Einstein's theory of relativity, make up the basis of modern physics.

...in 1909, the paving of the Indianapolis Speedway was completed, using brick pavers the full 2-1/2 mile length of the track. Governor Thomas R. Marshall placed the last "golden" brick three days later at a dedication ceremony.The paving earned the world famous racetrack the nickname, "The Brickyard." The bricks are still there, underneath the asphalt paving that makes up the surface today, except for a three foot wide strip of unpaved bricks that comprise the start and finish line. The Indianapolis Motor Speedway was the brainchild of Carl G. Fisher, an Indianapolis entrepreneur, car dealer, manufacturer and motorist. Fisher also hatched the idea of America's first coast-to-coast, paved highway that would become the Lincoln Highway. He also created the Dixie Highway as a way for his northern friends to travel to Miami Beach, his development in Florida. Although Fisher died nearly penniless in 1939, his lasting legacy is the enduring home of the greatest spectacle in racing.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/Starting-line-at-the-Indianapolis-motor-speedway-1985.JPG/120px-Starting-line-at-the-Indianapolis-motor-speedway-1985.JPG
The "Yard of Brick" at the Brickyard, the start and finish line.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ims_aerial.jpg/300px-Ims_aerial.jpg
Indianapolis Motor Speedway

...in 1947, Daytona Beach, Florida was the location of a meeting that resulted in the formation of the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing, or NASCAR. The organization was the first for the sport of stock car racing, that started during the days of prohibition when bootlegger hotrods tried to outrun "revenuers." The champion car in the early years was the Hudson Hornet, but by 1957, the manufacturers had pulled out of racing and today's familiar NASCAR began.

http://hetclub.com/teague/marshall_teague03.jpg
Marshall Teague and the Fabulous Hudson Hornet

...in 1972, the last human footstep on the moon occurred when Astronaut Eugene A. Cernan left the lunar surface to climb aboard the lander. He said, "As I take man's last step from the surface, back home for some time to come — but we believe not too long into the future — I'd like to just [say] what I believe history will record — that America's challenge of today has forged man's destiny of tomorrow. And, as we leave the Moon at Taurus-Littrow, we leave as we came and, God willing, as we shall return, with peace and hope for all mankind. Godspeed the crew of Apollo 17."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/As17-140-21391c1.jpg/180px-As17-140-21391c1.jpg
Eugene Cernan, photo by Harrison Schmitt,
who can be seen in a reflection on Cernan's
face shield.

[I]That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 76 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1791, Virginia became the tenth state to ratify the first ten amendments ot the US Constitution, called The Bill of Rights, making it the law of the land. The Bill of Rights was inspired by the English Bill of Rights from 1689 and the Virginia Bill of Rights of 1776. There were actually 12 amendments proposed but only 10 passed. The two that did not concerned the population system of representation and the second prohibited congress from voting a pay raise for itself by requiring an intervening election cycle. The 11th never passed, but the 12th one, about congressional pay raises, was ratified in 1991.

...in 1967, at 5:00 PM, the Silver Bridge that crossed the Ohio River between Point Pleasant, West Virgina and Kanauga, Ohio, collapsed during rush hour. 46 people perished in the collapse. The 1928 bridge, which took its name from its aluminum paint, used an eyebar design that was prominent at the time of its construction. Other eyebar desgin Ohio River crossings were immediately closed for inspection. Eyebar #330 had developed a tiny stress crack, and when it reached 0.1" in depth, it went critical and failed soon after. Because all components of the bridge were balanced together, the failure of one component caused all the others to fail. Witnesses reported that the bridge collapse took about one minute. (The stress crack failure was discovered in the failure analysis. At the time, and inspection technique that would have located the crack was not available, short of dismantling the bridge.) The mysteries of "The Mothman Prophesies" add to the mystique of the area, and of the bridge collapse.

At the time of its construction, the typical automobile was light and small, a typical Model T weighed 1,500 pounds but by 1969, family cars were twice the size and two to two and a half times the weight. Bumper-to-bumper traffic jams, unheard of in 1928, were common in 1969. The bridge was severely overloaded on a daily basis.

As a result of the Silver Bridge Disaster, the NBIS, National Bridge Inspection Standard, was created. It mandates that all bridges in the United States, longer than 20 feet, must be inspected every two years.

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/byday/images/1215a.jpg
The Silver Bridge upon completion in 1928.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Silver_Bridge_collapsed%2C_Ohio_side.jpg
Bridge remains on the Ohio side, near Gallipolis, Ohio.

...in 1939, David O Selznick's Gone With the Wind opened in Atlanta, Georgia. The film broke all existing box office records. (If adjusted for inflation, the movie still tops Star Wars.) Gone With the Wind was nominated for 13 Academy Awards and won nine, including Best Picture, Best Screenplay, Best Actress and Hattie McDaniel became the first African-American to win an Oscar, it was for Best Supporting Actress in her role as Mammy, the house servant. Learn more at any one of many websites, such as Frankly My Dear dot Com ("http://www.franklymydear.com/).

...in 2001, 11 years and $27 million dollars later, the Leaning Tower of Pisa reopened after reinforcing the 12th Century foundation. Before completion, the bell tower of the cathedral of Pisa was already sinking into the soft soil and by the time the tower was completed in 1360, it was already several degrees off perpendicular. (Modern engineers are amazed it never fell.) By 1990, the tower was learning a full 15 feet off perpendicular and officials closed the tower so it could be repaired. Soils experts calculated a way to take up to 17 inches off the lean and reinforce the foundations. The tower reopened in 2001 and officials claim it will take 300 years for the tower to return to its 1990 position. Oh, yes, you can climb the tower again, but only as part of a guided tour group.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Leaning_tower_of_pisa_2.jpg/250px-Leaning_tower_of_pisa_2.jpg
A rare photo of the tower without some
moron pretending to be holding it up.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

what happened with the invesitgation in Utah?

There was a report about this a few weeks ago. For a number of reasons, the remains in Utah were never really seriously considered to be related to Paige.

While I can't go into any details, I do have some inside information that concerns those remains. Trust me, it is pretty clear that there is no connection to Paige.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 115 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1951, the radio program that had made Jack Webb a radio icon of police show, Dragnet, appeared on television for the first time. The distinctive theme music, entitled Danger Ahead, included the famous four note opening that is still mimicked to indicate when one is about to encounter the long arm of the law. (Who hasn't, at one time or another, sang "Dum, da dum dump!" when indicating that the jig was up?) Jack Webb insisted on realism, and the LA Police department even provided real badges for the actors to use during filming. Just as Captain Kirk never said, "Beam me up, Scotty!" Joe Friday never said, "Just the facts, Ma'am." Even though Dragnet is arguably the most parodied drama ever, right down to the steel hammer striking the "Mark VII" trademark at the end of every show, the short, staccato delivery and cut-to-the-chase story lines set the standard followed by every cop show since.

See Jack Webb parody himself with Johnny Carson on The Tonight Show (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4RIBhQIkII).

...in 1826, Benjamin Edwards rode into the Mexican stronghold of Nacogdoches and proclaimed that he was the leader of the new Repulbic of Fredonia. Rebelling against the Mexican government without much backing, let alone a plan, wasn't a very bright idea although many of the Anglo settlers in Texas leaned towards a rebellion against Mexico. Edwards said the new republic would extend to the Rio Grande under the principles of independence, liberty and justice. A few weeks later, when the Mexican military was on the outskirts of Nacogdoches, Edwards made a run for the border - the American border - to make his escape. Less than ten years later, though, the revolution would establish the Republic of Texas. (Some of us, on reading this, will be singing "Hail! Hail, Fredonia! Land of the brave and the free!" It's Duck Soup (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d5cJuAtNcJA).)

...in 1998, President Bill Clinton ordered air strikes against Iraq for refusing to cooperate with the United Nations weapons inspectors. Iraqi dictator, Saddam Hussein, had been attempting to aquire weapons of mass destruction including nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, some of which he had used on his own people. The belligerent Hussein refused access to certain sites to the UN inspectors and out of frustration, Clinton launched air strikes to force cooperation. Unfortunately, the strikes came at the same time that President Clinton was undergoing scrutiny for the Lewinsky scandal, and his impeachment for lying, under oath, to Congress. He was accused of launching the air strikes in a "wag the dog" diversionary tactic to direct attention away from the scandal. The short attention span of the American public soon forgot about both issues, but the attacks on Iraq were a precursor to the invasion of Iraq, launched by President Bush, three years later for the very same reasons.

...in 1944, the German army launched its last major offensive of World War II, Operation Mist. It became known as the Battle of the Bulge because the Germans were able to create a bulge in the Allied lines around the Ardennes forest. It was a last ditch effort of a desperate Hitler to push the Allies back to Belgium. 250,000 German soldiers made the offensive, representing 14 infantry divisions with five Panzer tank division against 80,000 Americans. The assault came against a soft fortification along an 80 mile stretch of the Ardennes Forest, thought to be too difficult to traverse to be the site of an offensive. English speaking German commandos, using stolen American uniforms, jeeps and trucks, infiltrated the lines, sabotaged communication and caused confusion and general mayhem. Americans were identified by other Americans, including General Omar Bradley himself, by asking questions about baseball, comics and Betty Grable. One tragedy occurred when SS troops massacred 72 American prisoners at Malmedy. The ferocious battle continued until the weather cleared and the superior American air force was able to bomb and strafe German positions, turning the tide of the battle.

...in 1773, a group of Massachusetts colonists, disguised as Mohawk Indians, boarded three British ships in Boston Harbor and tossed 342 chests of tea into the harbor. The midnight raid became known as "The Boston Tea Party" and was a demostation against Parliament's Tea Act of 1773, an attempt to save the faltering East India Tea Company and grant a virtual tea monopoly to the company. Sam Adams organized the tea party using men from his Sons of Liberty, an underground revolutionary force. The British government, outraged at the loss of $18,000 worth of British property, responded with the Coercive Acts in 1774. They were known here as the Intolerable Acts, as they closed Boston to merchant shipping, granted immunity to British military rulers and forced the quartering of British troops in colonists' homes. The Intolerable Acts brought the American colonists together in a united front against British rule and began the march to revolution.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Boston_tea_party.jpg/400px-Boston_tea_party.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 100 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright made the first successful powered, heavier-than-air flight on the beach near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Orville Wright piloted the first flight, which lasted 12 seconds and covered 120 feet. They continued to develop their aircraft, keeping a low profile until they secured patents and contracts. When the Army Signal Corps ordered a special plane, they founded the Wright Company to build airplanes. Wilbur died of typhoid fever in 1912, and Orville took over leadership of the Wright Company. His distaste for administration caused him to sell the company in 1915, although he would work as a spokesman for aviation until his death in 1948, his life spanning horse-and-buggy to supersonic flight. (He rode in the Lockheed Constellation, serial number 2, piloted by Howard Hughes, when he remarked that the wingspan was longer than his first flight.) The 1903 Wright Flyer is on permanent display in Washington at the Air and Space Museum. (The field that the Wrights used in Dayton for their experiments is a part of the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio.)

http://media.nasm.si.edu/webimages/640/SI2003-3463_640.jpg

...in 1944, Public Proclamation No. 21 declared that Japanese Americans, held in internment camps, could return to their homes beginning on January 2, 1945. In one of America's more shameful chapters of history, 10 weeks after the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, Americans of Japanese ancestry were relocated to internment camps in remote, and some awful, locations around the country. Of the 10 Americans convicted of spying for the Japanese during the war, none of them were of Japanese ancestry. In 1988, President Ronald Reagan signed a bill to recompense surviving Japanese Americans who were detained. Each received a check in the amount of $20,000.00 and an apology.

...in 1979, Stan Barrett piloted the Budweiser Rocket Car to an unofficial speed of 739.666 MPH at Rogers Dry Lake, California. He was the first person to drive a land vehicle faster than the speed of sound.

...in 1843, Charles Dickens' immortal story, A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost Story of Christmas was published in London. The classic tale of an old, bitter miser, Ebeneezer Scrooge, being converted overnight by visits of ghosts into a generous and gracious man, has been transcribed for theater, opera, film, radio and television, not to mention parodies and rewrites. The name of the lead character, Scrooge, has also entered the lexicon as a term for a hard-hearted, curmudgeonly tightwad and for misers in general. Scrooge's catchphrase, "BAH! Humbug!" is often used at Christmastime, either to show disgust of commercialism or just in jest.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/A_Christmas_Carol_-_Ignorance_and_Want.jpg/200px-A_Christmas_Carol_-_Ignorance_and_Want.jpg
Scrooge Encounters Ignorance and Want

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 107 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1898, the first official world land speed record was set by Count Gaton de Chasseloup-Laubat near Paris. In a Jeantaud, an electric vehicle powered by batteries, he set the record at 39.245 mph. The Jeantaud might have been the first vehicle to use a steering wheel instead of a tiller.

...in 1620, 102 passengers from the British ship Mayflower set foot on the shore of modern day Plymouth, Massachusetts. The group of Puritans, dubbed "Pilgrims" by by William Bradford (who would eventually become the governor of the colony) the group had been accused of treason for leaving the state-sanctioned Church of England (a point that would mean a great deal in the formation of a new country 156 years later) and left the country, settling in Holland. They did not flourish in the Netherlands, either, and they sought backing from London to settle a colony in the New World. Contrary to legend, there was no rock at Plymouth Rock, and there were no friendly Indians to welcome them. In fact, they built a settlement in a clearing the Wampanoag tribe had abandoned after suffering an outbreak of a European disease. In the Spring, the colonists signed a treaty with the tribal chief, Massasoit. As more colonists came to the area, the entire area became known as the Massachusetts Bay Association. (On a personal note, my 11th Great Grandfather, William Colver, today spelled Culver, settled in the colony in 1630.)

...in 1888, Richard Wetherill and his brother in law, Charles Mason, cattle ranchers in southwest Colorado, managed to find the ancient Indian ruins of Mesa Verde. While hunting for maverick cattle, the pair was approached by Acowitz, a Ute Indian, who told them, "Deep in that canyon and near its head are many houses of the old people, the Ancient Ones...Utes never go there, it is a sacred place." The ruins were left by the Anasazi people, subsequent studies of the Cliff Palace show that it was built in the 13th Century. Wetherall and Mason collected many artifacts that are now in museums. Many more were looted, so Congress made the area Mesa Verde National Park in 1906.

http://www.nps.gov/archive/meve/images/cliff_palace/cp_panoramic.jpg
The Cliff Palace, Mesa Verde National Park

...in 1865, the 13th amendment was officially adopted in the U.S. Constitution after ratification by three quarters of the states. The 13th Amendment states that "...neither slavery nor involuntary servitude...shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." The subject of slavery had plagued the country from the very beginning. Leaders of the Republican Party and Abraham Lincoln did not seek to abolish slavery prior to Lincoln's election, but to prevent expansion of slavery into new territories and states. Southern leaders saw that as a threat, and upon Lincoln's election in 1860 began the mechanism of seven states to secede from the Union. Shortly after Lincoln's inauguration, four more states seceded and the Civil War began. With no representatives to block them, the remaining United States representatives abolished the runaway slave laws, prohibited slavery in states and territories, and allowed freed slaves to join the Union army and aid the fight. Lincoln had issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, but as the war was winding down, Lincoln knew the war measure would have no constitutional clout after the states were reunited, prompting the passage of the 13th Amendment, finally ending the institution 246 years after it started.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments. There will be an update, including some new info that some of you have been asking about, coming in a few days.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 109 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1972, the last lunar mission in Project Apollo splashed down safely in the Pacific Ocean. Apollo 17 had launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida on the 7th. The mission lasted 12 days, 13 hours, 52 minutes including 75 hours of EVA on the surface of the moon. The flight to the moon, otherwise called a "translunar coast" went so perfectly that only one of four planned mid-coast course corrections needed to be made. Apollo 17 remains the last time that man walked on the moon.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Apollo_17_-_Nachtstart.jpg/800px-Apollo_17_-_Nachtstart.jpg
Apollo 17 was the first nighttime launch of a manned space mission.

...in 1998, President Bill Clinton became the second President in history to be impeached, charged with lying under oath to a federal grand jury and obstructing justice. On January 7, 1999, the trial began and on February 12, the Senate voted for aquital on both articles. President Clinton said he was "profoundly sorry" for the burden he put on Congress and the American public by his behavior.

...in 1777, the Continental Army, under the command of General George Washington, settled into Winter quarters in Valley Forge, just 22 miles from the British Army's winter quarters in Philadelphia. The Schuylkill River separated the two armies, General Washington thought Valley Forge would be a site that could be defended, in case the British did decide to launch a Winter offensive. The Winter of 1777-1778 was a terrible Winter, but the army stayed together out of respect for Washington and the burning flames of patriotism. Hundreds died from disease over the Winter, but the Prussian military adviser, Frederick von Steuben kept morale high by training and marching. When the army marched out in June of 1778, it was a far more disciplined and spirited unit than had gone into Winter quarters. The army won the Battle of Monmouth on June 28, 1778

...in 1994, an era came to an end when Rolls-Royce announced that all future automobiles it produced would be powered by a 12-cylinder engine manufactured by Germany's BMW. For many years, Rolls-Royce engines were some of the finest in the world, powering not only automobiles, but ships and aircraft.

...in 1732, Poor Richard's Almanack was published for the first time by Benjamin Franklin. The book was filled with proverbs, pithy statements and advice for hard work and self discipline. Such as wasting time: But dost thou love life? Then do not squander time, for that's the stuff life is made of. Sleep later: There will be sleeping enough in the grave. Speaking of...Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. Well, good luck then, Richard. Diligence is the mother of good luck.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 86 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1957, "Greetings from your Uncle Sam!" So opened the letter received by Elvis Presley at Graceland, his newly purchased mansion in Memphis, where he was spending the Christmas holidays with his family. By the end of 1957, Elvis had a string of gold records (Heartbreak Hotel, Blue Suede Shoes, Don't Be Cruel, Hound Dog) and a movie, Love Me Tender, and he was established as a national icon and the first genuine star of rock 'n' roll. Despite thousands of letters from his fans, written to the Department of Defense, there was no deferment coming and Elvis graciously reported for duty - after one deferment was granted so he could finish making the movie King Creole. He was stationed in Friedberg, Germany as a member of the 32nd Tank Battalion and he reached the rank of sergeant. He lived off-base with his family so he could practice, jam, and attend parties. At one party, he was introduced to Priscilla Beaulieu, which is another story in itself. Back home, Col. Tom Parker, his manager, continued to release singles, recorded before being drafted, to keep Elvis in the national spotlight. His army service was an event and even inspired a Broadway musical, Bye, Bye, Birdie! (http://www.broadwaymusicalhome.com/shows/birdie.htm).

http://www.3ad.org/elvis/images/3ad_elvis32.jpg
Sergeant Elvis A.. Presley (http://www.3ad.org/elvis/elvis_home.htm)

...in 1980, after continuous carping by fans over the incessant chatter of play-by-play commentators, NBC broadcast the meaningless game between the New York Jets and Miami Dolphins without commentary. There was audio, the only sounds were from the crowd and public address announcer. It was...weird. It was also the only NFL game every broadcast without play-by-play announcers.

...in 1860, South Carolina ratified articles of secession and became the first state to leave the Union, as we discussed on December 18. Within weeks, six other states left the Union and formed the Confederate States of America. In April, 1861, the Civil War erupted and four more states left the Union to join the Confederacy.

...in 1941, after Adolph Hitler took command of the German Army, he insisted that the offensive against Russia must continue. The Chief of the German Army, General Franz Halder, was also told that he could stay on as cheif of the army as long as he understood that Hitler was the undisputed Führer. Halder, a career soldier, feared that "this madman" would throw Germany into war, starting with controversy over the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia. He had talked with associates about removing Hitler from power, and even began to plan an assassination, but when British Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain, gave away the store, Halder learned to live with "the madman." When the assassination attempt was made on Hitler's life (the subject of a Tom Cruise movie about to be released) Halder was arrested, even though he was not a part of the conspiracy. He spent the rest of the war in prison, and after he was liberated by the US Army, he began to write his memoirs. His work was a major component of William Shirer's monumental tome The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. Halter died in 1972, in Bavaria.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 109 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1988, on the way from London to New York, Pan Am Flight 103 exploded over Lockerbie, Scotland. All 243 passengers and 16 crewmembers perished in the explosion and crash. In addition, 11 residents of Lockerbie died in the crash. A bomb, hidden inside a cassette tape player in the luggage area, exploded when the place reached 31,000 feet. Britain's largest criminal investigation in history followed the disaster, believed to be an attack against the United States. (189 of the passengers were Americans.) British investigators and FBI agents found the bomb had been planted by two inteligence agents from Libya, Abdel Basset Ali al-Megrahi and Lamen Khalifa Fhimah. Libya refused extradition. Libya, in order to ease United Nations trade sanctions, agreed to turn over the two suspects on the agreement that they be tried Holland under Scottish law. al-Megrahi was convicted while Fhimah was acquitted. Libya never admitted carrying out the bomb plot but finally accepted responsiblity for the bombing in 2003 but has never expressed remorse. Libya agreed to pay each victim's family $8 million in restitution. Pan Am Airlines went bankrupt three years later, but sued Libya and received a $30 million settlement.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/ff/PA103cockpit4.png/230px-PA103cockpit4.png
The nose of Clipper Maid of the Seas
after the bombing.

...in 1937, the first-ever, full-length, animated faeture film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs made its debut. The film took three years and cost Disney $1.4 million to make, an unheard of sum in those days, but it recovered the investment shortly after its release. It was the highest grossing film until it was passed by Gone With the Wind two years later. The classic film received only one Academy Award nomination - best score - and lost. But Walt Disney was given an honorary Oscar (there was no category for Full Length Animated Feature) that was comprised of one standard Oscar statue with 7 miniature Oscars next to it.

...in 1945, one of the most effective, and most controversial, generals of World War II met his end. General George S. Patton, "Old Blood and Guts" died not in battle, but in a freak car accident, at the age of 60. He was descended from a long line of military men, in fact, he was convinced that he was the reincarnation of an ancient general. He graduated from West Point in 1909, represented the US in the 1912 Olympics (he did not medal) and served in the tank corps during World War I, which made him an advocate of armoured cavalry. Patton was a brilliant and quick-witted commander, his unorthodox methods brought great success but didn't always win him popularity. An audacious movement allowed Patton's army to storm across Siciliy, freeing Palermo before the British, under Field Marshall Montgomery, could get there, much to Montgomery's embarrassment. When General Tony McAuliff's 101st Airborne was surrounded in Bastogne, Belgium during the Battle of the Bulge, the Germans demanded surrender. McAuliff replied, "NUTS!" and the battle continued. Patton's Third Army had already begun a sharp turn to move north in order to meet the Germans and relieve Bastogne, even before General Eisenhower so ordered the move. His unorthodox, but brilliant strategy, relieved the 101st within four days. Patton was outspoken with views often contrary to his superiors and Presidential foreign policy, earning him as much ridicule as praise. He broke his neck in the car wreck and died on this date, two weeks after the accident.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Pattonphoto.jpg/250px-Pattonphoto.jpg
General George S. Patton

...in 1968, Astronauts Frank Borman, James Lovell, Jr. and William Anders climbed aboard Apollo 8 and rode the huge Saturn V rocket to earth orbit around the moon, the first lunar mission. Although Apollo 8 was not scheduled to make a lunar landing, it did serve as a dress rehearsal for moon orbit and docking. Apollo 8 went into lunar orbit on Christmas eve. The three astronauts were the first men to see the dark side of the moon, and the first to see the entire planet Earth. They brought back stunning photos of the moon and the earth.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/NASA-Apollo8-Dec24-Earthrise.jpg/600px-NASA-Apollo8-Dec24-Earthrise.jpg
Earthrise, December 24, 1968

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had XXX candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1956, Colo was born in Columbus, Ohio. Who? Colo, the gorilla, was the first gorilla born in capti105y. Prior to her birth, gorillas for zoos were captured in the wild, but they had to be young enough to handle, which often meant bloodshed for the gorilla's parents and family. With the successful birth, the need to capture gorillas in the wild began to come to an end. Gorillas are peaceful animals, vegetarians, and their only natural enemy is man. In the wild, gorillas have an average life span of 35 years, but in captivity, gorillas live to about 50. Today, Colo is 52 years old and she still resides at the Columbus Zoo. Her name, Colo, came from her location, Columbus, Ohio. She had three children, Emmy, Oscar and Toni. (Emmy was named for the Mayor of Columbus, M.E. Sensenbrenner. Oscar was born right after the Academy Awards and Toni right after the Broadway awards. Her second generation produced 16 grandchildren, who in turn, produced four great grandchildren and 2 great-great grandchildren.

http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/images/813.jpg
Colo

...in 1952, a prototype vehicle that was ready for production was completed. The two seat sports car, that is rumored to have cost $60,000.00 to build (an astronomical figure for 1952) had been conceived by Harley Earl, the chief of the design and color studios for General Motors. Inspired by the Jaguar XK-120, the car was named the Corvette after the lightweight and maneuverable warship, and went into production in 1953. The first cars were hand built and powered by the rather lackluster Chevrolet "Blue Flame" six cylinder engine. Only 300 were built, and many were given away. GM was seriously considering shelving the project until two things happened in 1954. Russian emigre, Zora Arkus-Duntov coupled Chevrolet's brand new V8 engine to a three speed transmission and made the Corvette a performance car. The other thing was Ford introduced a two-seat "personal luxury car" called the Thunderbird, and Chevrolet had to meet the challenge. Ther rest, as they say, is history.

...in 1884, John Chisum died in Eureka Springs, Arkansas. Chisum, who was played by John Wayne in the movie of the same name, was a major player in the Lincoln County cattle war. A large, successful rancher, Chisum blazed the Chisum Trail for cattle drives to market, but a large operation like Chisum's was bound to attract attention. Chisum claimed he lost 10,000 head of cattle to rustlers and also lost contracts to the US Government to a consortium of smaller ranchers that also supported the rustlers. A deputy was shot and killed, and the war erupted. Fed up with it all, Chisum hired William Bonney, aka Billy the Kid, and cowboys became gunslingers. Chisum lost much of his power and wealth as a result of the Lincoln County War, but when he died three years later, he was still worth well over a half a million dollars.

...in 1941, Winston Churchill arrived in Washington, DC for talks with Franklin Delano Roosevelt to define an Anglo-American strategy for war and peace. The United States had remained out of the conflict, but the attack on Pearl Harbor changed all that. They determined a joint staff for strategic planning and to begin to plan for a unified invasion of the continent. Included with the plans was the introduction of 26 nations that joined in the fight against the Axis powers. They group was called the United Nations.

...in 1944, a German surrender party, consisting of two officers and two NCOs, and carrying a white flag, approached the perimeter of American forces that were trapped in the Belgian town of Bastogne. The Germans had completely surrounded the Americans, and the German party was carrying a message from the German commander that demanded the surrender of the American forces. When General Tony McAuliff heard there was a German party demanding to talk surrender terms, he was baffled, wondering why they wanted to surrender. When told the Americans were expected to surrender, he said, "Us? Surrender? Aw, nuts!" The note read as follows:

To the U.S.A. Commander of the encircled town of Bastogne.

The fortune of war is changing. This time the U.S.A. forces in and near Bastogne have been encircled by strong German armored units. More German armored units have crossed the river Our near Ortheuville, have taken Marche and reached St. Hubert by passing through Hompre-Sibret-Tillet. Libramont is in German hands.

There is only one possibility to save the encircled U.S.A. troops from total annihilation: that is the honorable surrender of the encircled town. In order to think it over a term of two hours will be granted beginning with the presentation of this note.

If this proposal should be rejected one German Artillery Corps and six heavy A. A. Battalions are ready to annihilate the U.S.A. troops in and near Bastogne. The order for firing will be given immediately after this two hours' term.

All the serious civilian losses caused by this artillery fire would not correspond with the well known American humanity.

The German Commander.

McAuliffe knew a reply was in order but had no idea what to say. His staff told him his original reply would be best, so General McAuliff wrote, "To the German Commander: Nuts! The American Commander." The German commander is reported to have said, "Was ist das, 'Nuts!'?" (What does that mean, "Nuts!"?) The fighting resumed, brought to an end only after General Patton arrived to relieve Bastogne, but on this date, and American legend was born.

http://www.thedropzone.org/europe/Bulge/nuts.JPG
General Anthony McAuliffe, December 27, 1944

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 122 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1944, the execution sentence of Private Eddie Slovik was upheld by General Dwight Eisenhower. Slovik would be shot in January of 1945, by a firing squad, as the result of being convicted of desertion. He was the first soldier to be shot for the crime since the Civil War and the only one during World War II. Eddie Slovik was born in 1920 in Detroit, Michigan. He had several run-ins with the law, at the age of 12 with some other boys, he broke into a foundry and stole some brass to sell to scrappers. He quit school at 15, went to jail in 1937 for petty larceny, was paroled in 1938 but in 1939, he was arrested for grand theft auto after getting drunk, stealing a car and wrecking it. His prison record classified him 4F in the draft, unfit for duty. When personnel needs came high, Slovik was reclassified 1A and was drafted, trained as a rifleman and shipped to Europe to be a replacement - a status not well respected by officers. In his first action, he took cover from an artilery attack and got separated from his outfit. He hooked up with a Canadian MP unit, and was reunited with his Company G 28 days later. The next day, he deserted. He came back the next day, but signed a statement that he would desert again, rather than face the perils of battle. His CO, lawyers and others urged him to recant and report for duty, but he refused. The court marshall found him guilty and sentenced him to death by firing squad. Appeals went all the way to General Eisenhower, who was embroiled in the Battle of the Bulge. 71 American POWs had just been murdered by the SS, and Eisenhower had no sympathy for someone afraid to fight, and did not commute the sentence. No one in the firing squad flinched, nor had any regrets. Slovik's wife, Antoinette, spent the rest of her life trying to receive a Presidential Pardon for her husband but none ever came. She died in 1979. He was executed near the village of Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines and buried at Fere-en-Tardenois with 96 other soldiers executed for murder and rape. The 97 headstones were only numbered, making it impossible to locate remains without a key to the code. Slovik's remains were exhumed and shipped to Detroit, where he was re-interred next to his wife, Antoinette.

http://s3.amazonaws.com/findagrave/photos/2001/222/slovikeddie.jpg
The Detroit grave of Eddie Slovik (http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=3134&pt=Eddie%20Slovik)

...in 1948, Hideki Tojo and six other top Japanese leaders of World War II were executed by hanging in Tokyo. Tojo had been the premier and chief of the Kwantung Army and was found guilty of committing war crimes. Iwane Matsui (organized the Rape of Nanking) and Heitaro Kimura (who abused prisoners of war) Sixteen other Japanese leaders were sentenced to life in prison and others received lesser terms.

...in 1972, Franco Harris made an incredible catch of a deflected pass, and ran it for a touchdown to give the Pittsburgh Steelers a last-minute victory over the Oakland Raiders, 13-7. The catch has become known as "The Immaculate Reception" that, to this day, is debated by fans everywhere. The catch was made in the years prior to official review, but officials were looking anyway and confirmed that it was a legal catch. The ball was thrown by Terry Bradshaw who was throwing to Frenchy Fuqua. Raiders safety, Jack tatum, collided with Fuqua and the ball made a long, leisurely arc backwards. Harris scooped the ball up before it touched the ground and ran it in for the winning score. In films of the catch, the bottom of the ball cannot be seen, so whether it touched the ground, or not, cannot be told. Harris is often asked about the play, and he maintains that the ball never touched the ground.

Watch the Immaculate Reception (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZi2ryWsShY) and decide for yourself.

...in 1970, the North tower of the World Trade Center was topped off at 1,368 feet making it, at the time, the tallest building in the world.

...in 1888, Vincent van Gogh cut off the lower part of his ear with a razor, in a fit of depression. Legend has it that he later wrapped up the portion of his ear and gave it to a prostitute at a neaby brothel. He documented the event in a self portrait entitled Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear. van Gogh is considered a genius and the ear incident cemented the image of the tortured genius forever. While self-committed at an asylum in Saint-Remy, he went back and forth from madness and creative bursts, where his most famous works were finished, including and my personal favorite, Starry Night. In 1890, he shot himself and died two days later, at the age of 37.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/VanGogh-starry_night_ballance1.jpg/300px-VanGogh-starry_night_ballance1.jpg
The Starry Night

[I]That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

While there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, some of you have asked and I'm pleased to be able to tell you today that Paige's children are with the Birgfeld family for Christmas! It is my wish for all of you to also be with your families this Christmas.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 117 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1814, representatives of the United States and Great Britain at Ghent, Belgium signed The Treaty of Peace and Amity between His Britannic Majesty and the United States of America. The signing ended the War of 1812. Peace on Earth.

...in 1893, while Clara Ford was preparing Christmas Eve dinner for her husband and newborn son, Henry burst into the kitchen with his first internal combustion engine. He clamped it to the kitchen sink and wired a makeshift spark plug to an electric light. While Clara turned a flywheel, Henry fed fuel into the cylinder with an eyedropper. It ran! It was loud and it filled Clara's kitchen with exhaust smoke, but it ran! Henry immediately put it aside and began work on the second engine while Clara tried to recover her kitchen. In 1896, Henry would drive his first car, the Quadracycle, made possible with the successful test of his first engine on Christmas Eve, 1893.

...in 1923, President Calvin Coolidge touched a button to light up the first Christmas tree on the lawn of the White House. The tree was a 48 foot tall balsam fir that came from Coolidge's home state of Vermont and it was also the first tree to be decorated with electric lights. President Benjamin Harrison was the first to have a Christmas tree in the White House in 1889. Beginning in 1929, first lady Lou Henry Hoover decorated the tree, starting a tradition that has continued through Laura Bush. In 1981, President Ronald Reagan authorized the first White House ornament.

http://www.whitehouse.gov/holiday/2006/photoessays/barneycam5/images/p120106sc-0073-398h.jpg
Miss Beasley, Kitty, Laura Bush and Barney.
(Photo deleted by the Obama Administration.)

...in 1818, the congregation at St. Nicholas Church in Oberndorf, Austria heard the assistant pastor, Father Joseph Mohr and the choir director, Franz Xaver Gruber, sing a new Christmas song that would become beloved throughout the world, translated into many languages and sung by millions every Christmas. On each of six verses, the choir repeated the last two lines. There is a legend that the song was written because mice had eaten the bellows of the organ or that an evil railroad baron prevented use of the organ but, in fact, no proof of any of those apocryphal stories can be found. Joseph Mohr had written the poem in 1816 and Franz Gruber wrote the music on Christmas Eve, 1818. It survives today with just a few changes from when it was first heard, with guitar accompaniment, on Christmas Eve, 1818.

Stille Nacht! Heilige Nacht!
Alles schläft; einsam wacht
Nur das traute heilige Paar.
Holder Knab im lockigten Haar,
Schlafe in himmlischer Ruh!
Schlafe in himmlischer Ruh!

You might know it better in English...

Silent night, holy night
All is calm, all is bright
'Round yon virgin mother and Child
Holy infant so tender and mild
Sleep in heavenly peace!
Sleep in heavenly peace!

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, CST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Merry Christmas to you all! We mentioned yesterday that Paige's children are with the Birgfeld family for Christmas! I know this is a busy day, but please, take the time to go to the Gratefulness website (the link is in the next paragraph) and light a candle for Paige and her children. This is now the second Christmas the kids are spending without their mother; keep them, and Paige, and her family, in your prayers this sacred day.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 90 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 6 BC, perhaps, Jesus Christ was born in Bethlehem. In reality, no one knows for sure, in fact, no one in the first two centuries of the Christian church claimed any knowledge of a real date of the nativity. Also, no one knows for sure why the date of December 25 was chosen, but most scholars concur that when Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity in 312, the church had a lot of competition from the pagan celebration of the Winter Solstice, which usually ran from December 17 through the 25th. It was a time of great celebration, gift-giving and partying, so celebrating the birth of Chirst on the same day made it easier to slide pagans into Christianity. Along with the celebration of the nativity, other pagan celebration rituals came along, such as lighting the yule log and the Germanic tradition of using pine boughs for decoration. The word itself, Christmas, is thought to have evolved from "Christes maesse" or "Christ's Mass." The midieval tradition of St. Nicholas of Myra, who was said to visit children with gifts just before Christmas, evolved into St. Nicholas Eve (December 5, St. Nicholas Day is December 6) and eventually evolved into Santa Claus, from the Dutch name for St. Nicholas, Sinterklaas.

...in 1776, General George Washington led a daring raid across the Delaware River against British and Hessian troops at Trenton, New Jersey. Before the raid, Washington, who was far more down to earth than his Presidential reputation might lead us to believe, read to the troops from Thomas Paine's pamphlet The Crisis published just two days earlier. "These are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands by it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman." While climbing into the boat, Washington poked the portly General Harry Knox with his boot and said, "Shift that fat a$s Harry, but slowly, or you'll swamp the damned boat." The wet and freezing soldiers broke into hysterical laughter, endearing their leader that much more. On the morning of December 26, 2,500 patriot soldiers surprised the hung-over Hessians and took control of the town. The troops carried as much ammunition and supplies as they could, back to the boats, and back across the river. It was a major victory after a string of defeats and a major boost to morale.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware.png/350px-Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware.png
Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze

...in 1914, just after midnight, the soldiers in the German trenches stopped firing at Allied troops. The soldiers on the Allied side were surprised to hear the Germans singing the famous carol we talked about yesterday, Stille Nacht! Heilige Nacht! Alles schläft; einsam wacht... in fact, in some locations, brass bands were heard playing carols.

Just after first light, German soldiers were seen waving at the Allied soldiers. Surprised, and not knowing quite what to do, they waved back. The Germans came out of the trenches and began to walk across No Man's Land, calling out "Merry Christmas!" in the native tongues of the various Allied forces, English, Russian and French.

The Allied soldiers also climbed out of the trenches and met their enemies cordially, where small gifts of candy, whiskey and cigarettes were exchanged. The wounded were retrieved and moved to safety while the dead were removed and in one case, a memorial was held with combatants reciting the 23rd Psalm together. In Frélinghien, France, members of the The Royal Welch Fusiliers played a soccer match with the German Panzergrenadiers. The Germans won, 3-2 and in 2008, a memorial was placed at the site. The combatant/players all signed the ball, which is on display at the Militärhistorisches Museum der Bundeswehr in Dresden, Germany.

The upper commands were not at all pleased about the events of Christmas Day 1914, after all, fraternizing with the enemy can be considered a treasonous offense, punishable by death. Beginning in 1915, troops were rotated up and down the trenches to prevent any familiarity from developing across No Man's Land, and on Christmas Eve 1915, major artillery barrages were ordered, just to remind everyone why they were there.

But none of it could take away from the fact that on Christmas Day, 1914, soldiers on both sides realized their enemies were as miserable as they were themselves, and they took a break from warring just to share a Christian moment.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, CST. Merry Christmas, everyone! http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/smilies/xmas_wreath.gif

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 123 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...it was a good day for American Generals named, "George" and a bad day for Germans.

...in 1776, General George Washington finished his raid on Trenton, New Jersey that started on Christmas night, by ferrying his 2,500 man army across the Delaware River by boat. The 1,400 man Hessian army, hung over from too much Christmas celebration, were taken completely by surprise by the American Continental Army about 8:00 AM and Washington quickly sewed up the city of Trenton. The Americans confiscated every scrap of supplies and ammunition they could find and carried it back to the boats, waiting to take them back across the river. Although it was not a major strategic victory, it was a major victory for Washington's reputation and a tremedous morale booster. It also demonstrated the pluck of the ragged patriot army and proved that good leadership and dedicated troops could face overwhelming odds and come out victorious.

...in 1944, General George S. Patton arrived at Bastogne, Belgium after using a brilliant, and audacious, strategy to get to the beleaguered town. During the Battle of the Bulge, Bastogne was a key prize for the German offensive, because every road that went through the Ardennes Forest came to Bastogne, in fact, the Germans referred to the town as "The Octopus" because of the many roads that lead in and out. General Anthony McAuliff had been ordered to hold the town at all costs, because of the strategic value. As you already know from the update on the 22nd, the Germans had demanded his surrender. McAuliff responded with a one word message to the Germans, "Nuts!" Old Blood and Guts, as Patton was known as, turned his 3rd army 90º in a counterthrust, broke through the German lines and relieved McAuliff's 101st Airborne. He continued with his thrust and pushed the Germans east, back across the Rhine River, effectively ending the last major German offensive of the war.

...in 1825, the Erie Canal opened, linking the Atlantic Coast to the Great Lakes and providing a waterway to the west. It signaled the start of a boom of canal building, thought by many to be the way to move people and materiel to the western United States. The canals became obsolete with the coming of the railroads and went broke. Many of the abandoned canals still exist in Ohio.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Bridges/IM006735.jpg
The Miami & Erie Canal connected Eastern & Western Ohio by water,
248 miles long. Parts of it still remain; this portion is in Delphos, Ohio.

...in 1946, mobster Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel opened the Pink Flamingo Hotel & Casino in the sleepy crossroads town of Las Vegas, Nevada. Attracted by legal gambling and off-track betting on horse races, developers had already begun to build the Flamingo but ran out of money. (Building materials, in short supply after World War II, were very costly.) Enter Bugsy Siegel, who bought the project and continued building. He, too, ran out of money and on this date in 1946, opened the unfinished resort to try to recoup some of the investment and make enough to keep building. The attempt failed, in fact, The Flamingo lost $300,000 in its first week of operation. Bugsy died in what appeared to have been a hit, because his investors didn't think he was playing straight with them. His murder remains unsolved. Meanwhile, The Flamingo has changed hands several times, and the only thing that remains from Bugsy's 1946 desert dream (the last of the original structure was razed in 1993) is the name of the place. Today's Flamingo is owned by Harrah's Entertainment with 3,626 rooms and 77,000 square feet of gambling room. (By comparison, a football field is 57,600 square feet.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/50/11012007_Flamingo_LV.jpg/200px-11012007_Flamingo_LV.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 139 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1932, Radio City Music Hall opened on the Avenue of the Americas (6th Avenue) in Midtown Manhattan. The spectacular theater was the brainchild of John D. Rockefeller, Jr. as part of his plan to revitalize a rather run-down area in Manhattan. He leased land from Columbia University, hired architect Edward Durrell Stone and interior designer Donald Deskey to build his palace, part of Rockefeller Center. Rockefeller Center housed the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) that lent itself to the name of Radio City. NBC, owned by RCA, continues to have studios in Rockefeller Center. Radio City Music Hall was opened at the height of the Great Depression to be an escape for people, and it was the number one vacation destination in the country for a long time. The theater is home of the world's largest Wurlitzer theater organ, which includes dual consoles on either side of the stage. Chambers on either side of the stage (one for Great and one for Swell) house the over 4,000 pipes of the organ. The theater underwent a major restoration in 1999, and it remains the home of the Radio City Rockettes, the high-kicking dance team that has been a part of Radio City Music Hall since its opening.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Radio_city_exterior.jpg

...in 1831, Charles Darwin departed from Plymouth, England on board the HMS Beagle. His five year mission was to to explore strange new worlds, to seek out new life and new civilizations, to boldly go where no man has gone...oh, wait, that was Star Trek. (Maybe the HMS Beagle's mission was the inspiration for Gene Roddenberry's television series?) The HMS Beagle did travel to some strange new worlds, like the Galapagoes Islands and New Zealand. The research performed by Darwin on this voyage was the basis of his groundbreaking theory of evolution, of as he called it, "natural selection."

http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/90/19190-004-7DBFD0A0.jpg
The HMS Beagle at the Straits of Magellan.

...in 1927, Show Boat opened on Broadway, with music by Jerome Kern and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein. Jerome Kern won two Academy Awards for Best Song (The Way You Look Tonight and The Last Time I Saw Paris.) Hammerstein wrote many memorable lyrics, mostly with Richard Rodgers tunes, for such musicals as Oklahoma!, Carousel, South Pacific, The King & I and The Sound of Music. Show Boat also served up the memorable Old Man River. Show Boat is generally considered to be the first musical, with a story line and songs written for the plot line.

...in 1900, Carry Nation took a hatchet and chopped up the bar at the Carey Hotel in Wichita, Kansas. The prohibitionist did thousands of dollars worth of damage and ended up in jail. From then on, the previously (pretty much) ignored crusader became notorious for her hatchet-wielding technique of chopping up bars. Carry Amelia Moore married Charles Gloyd, who was a hard-drinking man that died and caused Carry to raise their child as a single mom. Like so many crusaders, she projected her tough life on everyone and set out to ban alcohol from everyday life. She was part of the Women's Christian Temperance Union that wanted to ban alcohol, tobacco and drugs and, oh by the way, equal rights for women. (The most important issue, suffrage, was their least-promoted one.) In 1880, Kansas passed prohibition but the law was pretty much ignored, so Nation took her crusade national. She died before the 18th Amendment and the Volstead Act were passed, but her legacy as a saloon-smashing temperance worker lives on.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/CarryNation.jpeg
Carry Nation with her bible and famous hatchet.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 105 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1895, the first commercial showing (they charged admission) of a moving picture show took place in Paris. The film was made by Louis and Auguste Lumiere, brothers who invented a device called the Cinematographe. The Lumiere brothers made 2,000 films over a five year career. The Lumiere brothers thought that there was no future in moving pictures, so their career as filmmakers was rather short. In 1903, they patented a color film making process. They also developed a dressing for burns and a surgical tool.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/de/Cin%C3%A9matographe_Lumi%C3%A8re.jpg/190px-Cin%C3%A9matographe_Lumi%C3%A8re.jpg
The World's First Movie Poster

...in 1846, Iowa became the 29th state of the Union.

...in 1964, principal filming began on Carlo Ponti's monumental film, Doctor Zhivago, which opened on December 22, 1965. Boris Pasternak's novel, started in the teens and 1920's, was not completed until 1956. Because the hero, Doktor Zhivago, is more concerned with individuals than society as a whole, Pasternak's viewpoint was not correct in the eyes of Soviet authorities. The manuscript was smuggled out of the Soviet Union and published in Italy in 1957. It won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1958, but again, Soviet officials would not allow Pasternak to accept the prize. The film, directed by David Lean, is considered by some to be the last great epic film, relying on characters and not computer generated aliens or mythical creatures. Although the subject of harsh criticism when it was released, it has stood the test of time and remains a very popular film.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/64/DrZhivago_Asheet.jpg

...in 1941, Rear Admiral Ben Moreell requested a contingent of construction workers who would build anything, anywhere, from airfields to harbors. The units would be known as the Construction Battalion, CB, or "Seabees." The men for the units would not be standard draftees or enlisted volunteers, these were all men with construction experience. The recruits had built the Boulder Dam highways, mines, tunnels and quarries. Some had been shipbuilders, others had been high steel workers. The Seabees were also trained as infantrymen, but they built airfields for B-29's and support aircraft on Guam, Saipan and Tinian. At Normandy, the Seabees were some of the first units ashore, tasked with removing the concrete barriers the Germans had built to obstruct the invasion. Approximately 325,000 men served as Seabees, representing about 60 different trades.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Seabees.png/220px-Seabees.png

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments. There will be an update, including some new info that some of you have been asking about, coming in a few days. Editor's Note: The grayed out text was entered here in error. Please disregard the text and I apologize for any inconvenience this error might have caused. JRM 1/3/09

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 67 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1890, the end of the long Indian wars in America came to a tragic end at a place called Wounded Knee on the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota. The government was concerned with a growing movement in Pine Ridge known as the Ghost Dancers. Many Sioux believed that the Indians had been banished to reservations for displeasing the gods, the Ghost Dancers believed that by rejecting the ways of the white man and performing the Ghost Dance, the gods would be pleased and re-create the world, destroying the non-believers. (Sound at all familiar?) On December 15, police had tried to arrest Chief Sitting Bull, mistakenly believing him to be a Ghost Dancer, and killed him in the process. On December 29, the 7th Cavalry surrounded a band of Ghost Dancers and demanded them to throw down their weapons. A struggle ensued between a trooper and an Indian and a shot was fired. No one knows who fired or why, but the result was a barrage of gunfire from the army that resulted in the deaths of 150 Native Americans, including women and children. Some historians believe the 7th was taking revenge for their defeat at Little Big Horn in 1876, but whatever the motivation, it was the last major confrontation in the war between the whites and the Plains Indians. At least, until 1973, when activist Indians occupied facilites at Wounded Knee in protest of American treatment of Native Americans. Two Indians died and a US Marshall was seriously wounded in the standoff, many were arrested.

...in 1940, the most devastating air raid of the Battle of Britain happened on the night of December 29 when the Luftwaffe dropped firebombs on London. Hundreds of fires engulfed areas much of London but firefighters ignored the bombs falling around them and saved much of the city. A newspaper the next day showed St. Paul's Cathedral standing, undamaged, in the smoke, a testament to the unconquerable spirit that was London. In May and June, the German Wehrmacht conquered France, Holland, Belgium and Norway, they all fell quickly, leaving Great Britain as the only stumbling block to Hitler's plan to dominate Europe on the way to conquering the world. The Battle of Britain began on June 5 with air raids on ports and convoys, trying to soften the proposed landing areas for Operation Sea Lion, the German invasion of England. The outnumbered RAF pilots, however, were equipped with more maneuverable aircraft and a determined spirit to protect their homeland. For every RAF plane shot down, two Luftwaffe aircraft were destroyed. In May of 1941, Hitler finally gave up on Great Britain because he needed materiel for the Russian front. The bombings ceased, and Winston Churchill said of the RAF flyers, "Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few."

...in 1845, Texas entered the union as the 28th state. The fact that Texas entered as a slave state simply increased the tensions between the free and slave states but it also caused the rift between Mexico and the United States that ultimately led to the Mexican-American War.

...in 1908, Otto Zachow and William Besserdich of Clintonville, Wisconsin, received a patent for a four wheel braking system, basically the same one used on your car today. The brothers-in-law went on to build the first four wheel drive vehicle and founded the Badger Four Wheel Drive Car Company. The "Badger" was soon dropped, and in 1958 the name was changed to FWD Corporation. FWD also acquired Seagrave in 1963 and builds fire trucks in Clintonville. FWD filed for bankruptcy in 1981 and was acquired by Terex Corporation, but FWD trucks are still known the world over and Seagrave is the oldest fire equipment maker still building fire apparatus.

http://www.4wdonline.com/FWD/PiCs37/FWD1916FQ.jpg
A 1916 FWD Military Truck

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 101 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1916, Grigory Rasputin was murdered in Moscow for his sway over the royal family. Rasputin was a self-styled holy man and won the favor of Czar Nicholas II and Czarina Alexandra because he had the ability to stop the bleeding of their hemophiliac son, Alexei. He was widely criticized for being an alcoholic letch but he also had incredible influence over the ruling family. When the Czar went to lead the Russian army in WWI, Rasputin, for all intents and purposes, ruled the country through Czarina Alexandra. A group of nobels lured him to a palace where he was fed large doses of poison in food and beverage, yet, he stood and beat an assailant. He was shot, but once again, stood up and beat an assailant and attempted an escape. He was shot again but still lived. He was bound and thrown into a freezing river. It made little difference, though, as a few months later the royal family was deposed and the Russian Revolution began.

...in 1922, after the 1917 Revolution and three year Russian Civil War, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was established. Also known simply as the Soviet Union, it was the first country in the world to be ruled on Marxist socialism. It grew into one of the most powerful nations on earth and eventually was comprised of 15 republics, Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Belorussia, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. The communist party pretty much ran everything, but by 1991, as with every socialist state, it collapsed under its own weight and was disolved.

...in 1903, the Iroquois Theater in Chicago caught fire. It was, and remains, the deadliest single building fire in US history as 602 people were unable to escape the "fireproof" theater. (It is the deadliest fire in Chicago history, the Chicago Fire killed 250 people.) It opened in November of 1903, after the fire marshal and the mayor declared the theater fireproof. During the matinee, featuring Eddie Foy, the stagehands went out for a drink. The spotlight operator noticed a calcium light, backstage, seemed to have sparked a fire. The area was full of fuel - wooden props and oily rags. When the actors saw the fire, they took off. Foy returned to calm the audience, assuring them that an asbestos curtain was being lowered that would contain the fire. It did not lower all the way and the panic started. The ushers fled the theater but did not unlock the double exit doors, blocking the escapes. Of those who perished in the fire, 591 were seated in the balconies, with no means of escape. After the fire, the fire marshal and mayor were both charged with malfeasance. The marshal was convicted, the mayor was not. In fact, the conviction was overturned on appeal. The only person to serve time was a barkeeper, next door, who robbed the bodies while his bar was used as a morgue.

http://www.inficad.com/~ksup/img/iroquois1.jpg
The aftermath of the Iroquois Theater Fire.

...in 1862, the USS Monitor came to an inglorious end just off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, when the ironclad ship sank during one of the famous December storms of North Carolina. The Monitor had dueled the Confederate ironclad, the CSS Virginia. (The Virginia started out as the Merrimack in the US Naval shipyards. At the beginning of the Civil War, the navy burned all the vessels in the yard to keep them from Confederate hands. The Merrimack sank before it was burned. The Confederates raised it and used it as the basis of a new ironclad warship, the CSS Virginia.) The Monitor and Virgina fought to a draw in one of the most famous naval battles in history. After the duel, the Virginia withdrew and the Monitor provided gun support on the James River, but when the Monitor was no longer needed, the navy decided to move it to North Carolina for a planned attack on Charleston. The low-slung ship was not suited to the open seas, and soon began taking on water. With each swell of the seas, more caulking burst loose. The Captain ordered the crew to abandon ship, and most sailors were rescued by the USS Rhode Island. However, the pumps stopped and 16 men went down with the Monitor. Despite the sinking of the Monitor, the ironclads changed the face of naval warfare forever.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/H59543.jpg/300px-H59543.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/CSSVirginia1862.2.ws.jpg/300px-CSSVirginia1862.2.ws.jpg
The USS Monitor and the CSS Virginia

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 120 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1972, Hall of Fame Pittsburgh Pirate Roberto Clemente was killed with four others when his cargo plane crashed near Puerto Rico. The previous September, Clemente had gotten his 3,000th hit in the final game of the season; only 27 players have reached that level. Clemente spent most of his off-seasons doing charity work in his native Puerto Rico. This year, he was working in Nicaragua because a devastating earthquake, near Managua, had taken place on December 23 and not much relief work was being done. He chartered a plane on his own, collected supplies and hired the plane to deliver those supplies. The plane was a suspect DC-7 owned by a suspect operator that had been cited numerous times for violations. The plane took off at 9 PM, the sound of engine failure could be heard as it took off. At an altitude of 200 feet, the plane exploded and plunged into the ocean. The bodies were never found. One of Clemente's friends said it was "...the night that happiness died." In 1973, he was posthumously inducted to the Hall of Fame without the required five year waiting period, the only player to be so honored since the rule was put into place in 1954. In 2002, President George W. Bush awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a5/RobertoClementeStatueatPNCPark.jpg/180px-RobertoClementeStatueatPNCPark.jpg
This statue of Roberto Clemente is
located outside Pittsburgh's PNC Park

Roberto Clemente was a lifetime .317 hitter, 12x Gold Glove winner, 2x World Series Champion (1960, 1971) 1966 MVP and 1971 World Series MVP. He had 3,000 hits and 240 home runs in his outstanding career, cut short by his death at the age of 38.

...in 1879, Thomas Edison made the first public demonstration of the incandescent light bulb when he lit up a street in Menlo Park, New Jersey. The Pennsylvania Railroad even ran specials to Menlo Park because of the interest in the event. Although the incandescent light had been invented about 40 years earlier, Edison perfected a commercially viable bulb that was reliable and could be mass produced. The Edison Electric Company eventually became General Electric while several electric utilities still bear his name.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/lBSRPHz7a4T9.jpg
Thomas Edison, the Wizard of Menlo Park

...in 1999, The London Eye, aka Millennium Wheel, opened in London, on the Thames River. At 443 feet, it was the tallest Ferris Wheel in the world when it opened, although the Star of Nanchang in Singapore is now taller. England says the Millennium Wheel is the tallest cantilevered Ferris wheel because it is supported only on one side by an A frame. The fare is £15 for once around, which takes about 30 minutes. The wheel never stops, you climb on and off while it is moving so the wheel doesn't have to stop.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/London_Eye_aerial.jpg/180px-London_Eye_aerial.jpg

...in 1967, the Green Bay Packers defeated the Dallas Cowboys 21-17 in the NFL Championship game, a game now commonly referred to as "The Ice Bowl." The temperature at game time was -13º and went down as the game wore on. When the referee blew the whistle to start the game, the cork inside the whistle didn't move because it was frozen but worse, the whistle stuck to his lip. No whistles were used during the game. The Cowboys led in the closing minutes, 17-14 when Bart Starr engineered a drive that took the Packers to the Cowboy 1 yard line. On third down, with 16 seconds left, the Packers called their last time out. Starr went to Lombardi and they discussed what to do. The Lombardi philosophy was to never come away without points, but a field goal would tie the game, forcing a grueling overtime period in deteriorating conditions. Starr thought a wedge play, where the linemen kick out the defensive linemen, opening a small hole, would allow Fullback Chuck Mercein into the end zone. "Alright," Lombardi told him, "Run it and let's get the hell out of here!" Unknown to anyone in the stadium, Starr decided to keep the ball on a quarterback sneak, rather than risk a fumble. The Cowboys were expecting a pass, as a completion would be a touchdown and an incompletion would stop the clock. Center Ken Bowman and right tackle Jerry Kramer wedged Cowboy tackle Jethro Pugh aside, allowing Starr to jump into the end zone with the winning touchdown. Today, the game is hailed as one of the greatest NFL games every played because of the conditions, the importance of the game, and the intense rivalry between the two coaches and the two teams. The victory secured the Packers' third consecutive NFL title, the second time they had accomplished the feat, and allowed them to face the Oakland Raiders in the 2nd AFL-NFL World Championship Game. (That game would not be called "The Superbowl" for two more years and was still considered of less importance than the NFL Championship Game.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Wendy/IM000229.jpg
The Play is commemorated at the Packers Hall of Fame at Lambeau Field in Green Bay.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[Sheleif]

Grand Junction,CO is very close to me and I watched all of this on the news. How sad for the family.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, the last day of another year. No news, no new developments. We can only hope that the new year will also bring new evidence and new hope.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 116 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1960, Fulgencio Batista, the dictator of Cuba, fled in the face of revolutionary forces led by Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. The United States had supported the corrupt leader since he came to power in 1952, because despite all that was wrong with Batista, he was also friendly to American causes. The US was suspicious of Fidel Castro and feared what Cuba might become if he took power. He did take power and the American fears were realized as Castro nationalized American industry in Cuba and he became all-too friendly with the Soviet Union. (The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1963 was a realization of those same fears.) Castro's position on American interests in the island nation ended up in a commercial embargo that is still in place.

...in 1919, Edsel Ford replaced his father, Henry Ford, as the president of the huge Ford Motor Company. The same day, Ford Motor Company announced it was increasing the minimum wage to $6.00 per day. (The company had set the industry on its ear in 1914 when it announced the 8 hour work day and $5.00 per day as the daily rate, an unheard of sum, and everyone else had a 10 hour day. Of course, what Ford did, was begin to operate multiple shifts of 8 hours, increasing productivity and output.) The ascension of Edsel to the presidency was mostly a ruse, to scare stockholders into selling their interests back to the company. Henry still ran the show, but by the end of the year, owned 100% of the company.

...in 1863, President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation and called upon the Union Army to liberate all slaves in the states still in rebellion. The three million slaves were declared to be "...then, thenceforward, and forever free." Lincoln personally detested slavery, but was also smart enough to know that an anti-slavery platform would not have won the 1860 election. The Republican platform had been to prevent the spread of slavery into new states, not to just outlaw it. After he won the election, some southern states began the process to secede from the Union, several did secede after his inauguration. In 1862, Lincoln and the Republican leaders realized that ending slavery outright was not only a moral issue but a strategic weapon. The loss of the labor force in the Confederacy would weaken the military and at the same time, the influx of manpower would strengthen the Union. The change also shifted the war from an issue of secession to, as Lincoln said in Gettysburg, the new birth of freedom. It kept European powers out of the war and allowed the Union to enlist 200,000 African-American volunteers into the military. In 1865, the 13th Amendment to the Constitution ended slavery forever.

...in 1953, 29 year old Hank Williams died of a heart attack in a limousine taking him to a show in Canton, Ohio. His last show had been at the Skyliner in Austin, Texas. His son, Hank Williams, Jr. continued in his fathers footsteps and is a successful county singer to this day. Meanwhile, Williams' widow, Billie Jean Jones, was remarried to county singer, Johnny Horton. Horton reached number one on the charts in 1959 with The Battle of New Orleans. (Horton is also remembered for Sink the Bismarck and North to Alaska, the theme to a 1960 John Wayne movie of the same name.) Horton's last performance was also at the Skyliner on November 5, 1960 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-november-5-2008-a-45844/). He died in a head-on collision with a drunk driver after leaving the club.

...in 1902, the first Rose Bowl game was held between the University of Michigan Wolverines and the Stanford University Cardinal. (They weren't called "The Cardinal" then but they are now.) The Tournament of Roses began in 1890 to promote the rich produce and warm weather of the area, and the first Rose Parade was also held in 1890. It grew so quickly that an official Tournament of Roses organization was formed in 1895 to run the whole thing. The first post-season football game was held at Tournament Park, which is now the athletic field for Cal Tech. Michigan routed Stanford, 49-0 so there was no game held again until 1916. The stadium, christened The Rose Bowl, went up in 1922. For decades, the Rose Bowl was a battle reserved for the Pac 10 Champion against the Big 10 Champion, until the Bowl Championship Series hijacked the game as part of the BCS championship. Still, The Rose Bowl is the most prestigious of the post season college games and its nickname, "The Grandaddy of Them All" is a registered trademark. (The first game to be called The Rose Bowl was in 1923 when USC defeated Penn State, 17-3 and no, Joe Paterno was not the coach. There will be a rematch today, with Penn State getting an opportunity to avenge the 1923 loss.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 115 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1788, Georgia became the first southern state to ratify the new US Constitution and doing so, became the fourth state.

...in 1776, the Continental Congress passed the Tory Act resolution to describe how the colonies should handle those who decided to remain loyal to the British crown. Toward the end of the war, the treatment of Tories were such that many fled to Canada, where their families remain today. In New Jersey, an Italian farmer trained his farm animals to sound the alarm when military types approached the farm. One night, everyone in the chicken coop went crazy, awakening the farmer, who cornered a loyalist in his barn. It was the first recorded case of chicken catch a Tory.

...in 1942, the US Navy established the Navy Airship Patrol 1 and Airship Squadron 12 in Lakehurst, New Jersey. The Navy was the only military service using lighter-than-air ships during World War II.

...in 1832, the first curling club in the United States, the Orchard Lake Curling Club, opened near Detroit, Michigan. There is no truth to the rumor that, due the the high speed of this sport, that members are still waiting for the first Rock to reach the end of the sheet.

...in 1893, the Columbian Exposition opened in Chicago. The World's Fair was to commemorate the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World, albeit almost three months late. Known as The White City for the white color of the temporary buildings and the massive number of electric lights, the fair was a huge success. The buildings were all temporary and not designed to last. One does survive, though, the Palace of Fine Arts is today the Museum of Science and Industry. The fair was where Pabst Beer won the famous blue ribbon and there were many notable firsts, including Cracker Jack, the Ferris wheel, Juicy Fruit gum, Quaker Oats and Cream of Wheat, Shredded Wheat, Aunt Jemima pancake mix, hamburgers, Milton Hershey bought chocoate making equipment to add to his caramel business, the term :midway" was first used to describe that area of a carnival or fair, a Middle Eastern music group performed with a dancer named "Little Egypt," and Chicago earned its nickname of The Windy City because of the unending wind of politicians that promoted the fair out east. The midway earned its name because it was along a boulevard known as the Midway Plaisance. For many years, the Midway Plaisance was the southern border of the University of Chicago and the football team, the Maroons, was known as "The Monsters of the Midway," a term later applied to the NFL Bears. The fame of the Midway also lent itself to business names in Chicago, including a game company, still in business, famous for pinball machines and today for video games.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Chicago_World%27s_Columbian_Exposition_1893.jpg/400px-Chicago_World%27s_Columbian_Exposition_1893.jpg

Sidebar: Eric Larson's excellent book, Devil in the White City (http://www.randomhouse.com/crown/devilinthewhitecity/about.html) documents the fair along with the exploits of a heinous serial killer that operated near the fair. There is also an excellent documentary about the fair, entitled Expo: Magic of the White City (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expo:_Magic_of_the_White_City) narrated by Gene Wilder. I highly recommend both.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e6/Expocover.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, the last day of another year. No news, no new developments. We can only hope that the new year will also bring new evidence and new hope.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 97 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1959, President Eisenhower signed a prolamation that admitted Alaska to the Union as the 49th State. The discovery of Alaska was made by the Russians in 1741, by an expedition that was led by Danish explorer Vitus Bering. Russian hunters made the first incursions to the mainland and the Aleut Indians suffered the most from European diseases. The first colony was settled by Grigory Shelikhov on Kodiak Island, Russian settlements went all the way down the west coast of North America, as far south as Bodega Bay, California. In the 1860's, after fighting an expensive war, Russia was about bankrupt and offered the land to the United States. On March 30, 1867, Secretary of State William Seward bought Alaska from the Russians for about 2¢ per acre. It was derided, much as Governor Sarah Palin was last Fall, as a joke and was called Seward's Folly, Seward's Icebox of Johnson's Polar Bear Garden. Of course, Alaska has been a most valuable asset for gold, oil, naturaly beauty and the proximity to the Cold War Soviet Union.

...in 1924, two years after finding the tomb, the British archaeologist Howard Carter and his crew found the stone sarcophagus that held the solid gold coffin of Pharaoh Tutankhamen. It was a monumental find, the most intact Egyptian tomb to have ever been found. It created such a stir that it even spawned several Hollywood movies including The Mummy (and it's modern remake and spin-offs) and the Three Stooges who went hunting for the tomb of King RootinTootin. There is speculation that the boy king was murdered.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Tutmask.jpg/150px-Tutmask.jpg

...in 1899, The New York Times published an editorial that used the term "automobile." It was the first (known) use of the word. Also on this day, GM introduced the Pontiac as a "companion car" to Oakland. GM sold a "companion brand" to several of its car lines. In the 1920's, GM began a marketing plan for consumers, based on the assumption that people wanted to move up to a nicer, more expensive car. The idea was a low price Chevrolet, then consumers could move up to an Oakland, then Oldsmobile, to Buick and ultimately to the luxury Cadillac. There were large gaps to be jumped, so GM introduced companion cars to bridge those gaps, including Pontiac to the Oakland, Viking between Oakland and Olds, Marquette between Olds and Buick, and LaSalle to Cadillac. By the end of the companion car run, the Pontiac outsold the Oakland, the only companion to survive. Iakland wne the way of the Viking, Marquette and LaSalle. (In the theme to All In the Family, Archie and Edith sing, "Gee, our old LaSalle ran great, Those were the days!")

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/OaklandMotorCar.jpg http://oldcarandtruckpictures.com/Pontiac/1926PontiacCoupe.jpg
The Oakland and the Pontiac

...in 1993, another great NFL game resulted in the nickname, "The Comeback." The Buffalo Bills found themselves down to the Houston Oilers (now the Tennessee Titans) 28-3 at halftime, the result of four touchdown passes from Warren Moon. It didn't get any better at the start of the third quarter when a Frank Reich pass was intercepted for a touchdown return. Now faced with a 35-3 deficit. Many Bills fans left the stadium. Reich, filling in for the injured Jim Kelly, was faced with a monumental task, but he took it in stride and marched the Bills 50 yards in 10 plays to cut the deficit to 35-10. Kicker Steve Christie recovered his own onside kick, and Reich responded with a 38 yard touchdown pass to Don Bebee; 35-17. The Bills defense held the Oilers, and Reich tossed to Andre Reed for a 26 yard touchdown; 35-24. On the next Oiler possession, Henry Jones intercepted a Moon pass and Reich threw to Reed again for the score, it was now 35-31. The furious rally cut the lead to four points - all in a span of less than 7 minutes. Reich put the Bills up 38-35, but Al Del Greco made a last second field goal to tie the game and force overtime. Kicker Steve Christie made the game winning field goal in overtime. It was the greatest comeback in NFL history (32 points) and led the Bills to their third of four consecutive Super Bowl appearances, all of which they lost. Still, The Comeback remains one of the greatest games in NFL history.

...in 1999, despite the dire predictions of global warming, the Great Lakes region of North America was smacked with one of the biggest snowstorms in recent memory. (I remember a larger snowstorm in 1973, but that was in April.) Reports say between 73 and over 100 people perished in snow related deaths. The storm began innocently on January 1 with snow falling on Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, New York and Ontario. Most areas were hit with 15" of snow before it pushed east, some locations had 20" or more. Out east, the storm dumped sixty inches of snow on Buffalo, New York over a two week period. Buffalo was able to keep up with it, unlike Detroit, where 27-1/2" of snow was recorded at Metro Airport and a shortage of snow plows and cold weather made some streets impassable for days. In Chicago, 22" fell and O'Hare Field was forced to close, stranding 200,000 passengers! Some were there for up to four days. Toronto had 16" and was paralyzed. In Wisconsin, along the Shore of Lake Michigan, a 60 car pile-up resulted in one death and numerous injuries. I-65 was closed in Indiana for two days. A 50 car pile-up in New Jersey injured dozens as did a 15 car accident in Virginia. New York had over 200 accidents on the Thruway. After the storm, it got very cold and in Congerville, Illinois, a record low of -36º was set.

http://images-cdn01.associatedcontent.com/image/A1570/15706/470_15706.jpg
It has been called the second worst snowstorm in Chicago history.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, the last day of another year. No news, no new developments. We can only hope that the new year will also bring new evidence and new hope.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 100 candles as of this post. Remember, totals tend to go down on weekends and candles go out after 48 hours. Keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1847, Samuel Colt won a contract from the US Government to provide 1,000 Colt .44 revolvers to the army. Prior to the mass production of the Colt revolver, handguns had little to do with the history of the United States. Handguns were expensive and inaccurate, mostly for show. Many elitests still demanded dueling pistols to settle disputes, but even those were notoriously inaccurate. Most Americans preferred knives for personal defense, the most popular being the famous Bowie knife. Samuel Colt changed all that, however, by adding rifling to the barrel of his handguns. "Rifling" is a series of spiral groves in the barrel that cause a bullet to spin, giving it gyroscopic stability. The Colt was accurate within short distances, but the accuracy wasn't so important with four or five more shells instantly ready to fire, in case the shooter missed. No one would have been able to afford a firearm, though, if the Army order had not increased Colt's economy of scale. After the order, Colt was able to improve his manufacturing process and over 200,000 Model 1860's were made.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Colt-arme-1860-p1030159.jpg/300px-Colt-arme-1860-p1030159.jpg
Colt Military Model 1860

...in 1999, the Euro made its official debut as the unit of currency for corporate and investment transactions. The European Union was formed by the Maastricht Treaty on European Union of 1992 and part of the treaty was the establishment of a common currency. It was not without controversy, many didn't want to give up their familiar currency, others worried about inflation and counterfeiting, some countries were concerned about losing control of their own economies. The Euro would not go online as legal tender until January 1, 2002 when it replaced the schilling, franck, markka, franc, mark, lira, punt, franc, guilder, escudo and peseta. Monaco, San Marino, Andorra, Montenegro, Kosovo and Vatican City, although not members of the EU, elected to use the currency. The Euro is not legal tender in Switzerland, Denmark and United Kingdom, but many large retailers do accept it, as does the government-controlled Swiss Railways.

...in 1896, Utah entered the Union as the 45th state, after resolution of a long period of turmoil with the federal government. The history of Utah actually starts in New York in 1820, when 15 year old Joseph Smith had the first of many visions that convinced him that a long-lost sect of Native American Christians had lived in the New World that predated Columbus. Three of his visions were of an Native American angel named Moroni, the son of Mormon, who told Smith where to find the New World version of the New Testament of Christ, inscribed on gold plates. Smith translated the scripture from the gold plates and he called it The Book of Mormon. He founded a church based on the book called Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, commonly called Mormon or, LDS.

As you might guess, Smith was greatly persecuted and he fled to Ohio and Missouri before the Mormons founded Nauvoo, Illinois, where he became mayor. In events too comlex to describe here, Smith was arrested, then shot and killed by vigilantes. His cause was taken up by Bringham Young, who led Smith's followers to the valley of the Great Salt Desert in Utah. Young was appointed the first governor of the Utah territory, but most people were still outraged with the Mormons. When reports came back of polygamy, Smith was removed from office and the US Army was dispatched to retake federal control of Utah. In 1890, the new leader of the church, Wilford Woodruff, wrote a Manifesto in which he announced that the LDS renounced polygamy and six years later, Utah entered the union. (It is also important to note that not all citizens of Utah are members of the LDS church. It is also important to point out that contrary to myth and media reports, those who practice polygamy are not members of the LDS.)

http://www.truthnet.org/Christianity/Cults/Mormon7/sltemp.jpg
The Mormon Temple, Salt Lake City, Utah

...in 1935, the very first Billboard pop-music chart appeared. The chart topper that week was by Joe Venuti with a song called Stop! Look! Listen!. No, I've never heard it and I have no idea what it is.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 116 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1933, work began on construction of a monumental project, the Golden Gate Bridge. San Francisco had developed into a center of trade, commerce and society in the 19th Century but when the transcontinental railroad was completed, San Francisco found itself on the wrong side of San Francisco Bay. At that time, talk began about bridging the bay to Oakland and north to Marin County. The Golden Gate is a narrow strait that is the mouth of the bay. It is 400 feet deep and 390 billion gallons of salt water flow through the strait four times every day as the tides flow in and out of San Francisco Bay, which itself, averages 14 feet in depth. Any discussion about bridging the strait was just talk until 1916 when an engineer poposed a 3,000 foot span that could be built for $100 million. Serious disccussions followed, including finding a designer who could build it for a lot less money. Joseph Strauss, an engineer from Chicago suggested he could build a 4,000 foot structure for $17 million and the race was on. Between the time the design sequence began and the first dirt was moved, the bridge faced numerous popular and legal challenges, not the least of which was the Southern Pacific Railroad that operated the ferries between San Francisco and Sausalito. By the time all the hurdles were jumped, the Great Depression has begun and funding was at risk. The Bank of America underwrote the project in order to stimulate the local economy. In 1933, the CCC (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilian_Conservation_Corps) improved Muir Woods (http://www.ohranger.com/muir-woods/history) in anticipation of visitors arriving from the bridge. (Attendence tripled after the bridge opened.) The Golden Gate Bridge opened on May 27, 1937, and in 1994, the American Society of Civil Engineers named it to their list of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World (http://www.asce.org/history/seven_wonders.cfm).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg/250px-GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg
The Golden Gate Bridge Photo by Rich Niewiroski Jr., used with permission.

...in 1904, Ransom Eli Olds was fired from the Oldsmobile Motor Company, that he had founded with lumber baron, Samuel L. Smith in 1899. The famous curved-dash Oldsmobile was a most popular car, even inspiring a popular song, when the head of engineering, Henry Leland, approached Olds with a more powerful engine. Olds refused to use it, so Leland took it to the failed Henry Ford Company and put the engine into what would become the 1903 Cadillac. Smith, meanwhile, was so incensed with Olds that he fired him. Oldsmobile became part of the GM family while Olds went on to found the REO Motor Car Company and build the famous REO Speedwagon truck.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Olds2.jpg/200px-Olds2.jpg
Ransom Eli Olds, 1864-1950

...in 1914, Henry Ford set the automobile industry on its ear when he announced the $5.00 day. The wage was twice what Ford workers had been paid in 1913 and far more than the competition was paying. The high wage was made possible by the economies of scale provided by the first modern assembly line. Men streamed into Detroit from all over the country, looking to get a high paying job at Ford. At the same time, Ford announced a shortened workday, from 10 hours to 8 hours. This allowed Ford to run three equal shifts throughout the day.

...in 1920, Boston Red Sox owner, Harry Frazee, sold the contract of Babe Ruth to the New York Yankees for $125,000. Everyone knows what happened - Ruth became the about the greatest player ever, setting several home run records. The Yankees went on to win 39 American League Pennants and win 26 World Series while the Red Sox suffered the Curse of the Bambino for 86 years without a World Series win.

...in 1924, Walter P. Chrysler built his first automobile. The former railroad executive and and General Motors employee left GM to purchase the struggling Maxwell Motor Company. He renamed the the company the Chrysler Corporation in 1925.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/th_25maxwellsedan.jpg (http://smg.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/?action=view&current=25maxwellsedan.jpg)
Ad for the first Chrysler Automobile
Click to see larger image

...in 1643, the first divorce in the American colonies was granted. Anne Clarke, a mother of two, of the Massachusetts Bay Colony presented an affidavit, signed by her absent and bigamist husband, Denis Clarke, admitting that he had abandoned Anne and fathered two more children with another woman. The Quarter Court decreed, "Anne Clarke, beeing deserted by Denis Clarke hir husband, and hee refusing to accompany with hir, she is graunted to bee divorced."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 93 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1994, Nancy Kerrigan was attacked at Cobo Hall in Detroit, after completing a practice session, one day before the US Championships and a month before the Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway. Kerrigan was favored to win both events. She was leaving the ice when a man (later identified as Shane Stant) attacked her, striking her on the right kneecap with a collapsible baton. Her father picked her up and carried her to the locker room, from where she was taken to a hospital for x-rays and treatment. The police followed the trail to Jeff Gillooly, ex-husband of Kerrigan's biggest rival - Tonya Harding. Gillooly hired Stant to perform the attack. Later in January, Harding admitted to being in on the plot to attack Kerrigan. The Olympic Committee prepared to drop Harding from the team, she responded with a $20 million lawsuit. The committee was blackmailed into allowing her to stay on the team. She embarrassed the United States Olympic Team and herself with her antics at Lillehammer. Harding finished 8th place, Kerrigan won the silver medal, losing out to Oksana Baiul of the Ukraine. In the wake of the affair, Harding was fined $100,000 and sentenced to 500 hours of community service, she was stripped of her 1994 US Championship and banned from amateur skating - for life. Her reputation and career went downhill from there, including nude videos and boxing.

...in 1912, New Mexico was brought into the union as the 47th state. It started out as a territory of Spain, explored by Fancisco Vasquez de Coronado in 1540. When Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821, New Mexico became a territory of Mexico. It was ceded to the United States in 1853 as part of the settlement of the Mexican-American War. The Apache and Navaho resisted settlement by Spain, Mexico and the United States, but when Geronimo surrendered in 1886, the hostilities ceased. The population grew after that, with ranching and the coming of the Santa Fe Railroad in 1879.

...in 1936, the Warner Brothers studio, under Tex Avery premiered a new cartoon called Gold Diggers of '49 featuring a new character named Porky Pig. The following year, Porky would receive a new voice, that of Mel Blanc.

...in 1973, A Mercedes-Benz 770K sedan was sold at auction for $153,000.00, a record price at that time The 770K series was a specially designed car that was only used by officials of the Nazi party. This car was supposedly a parade car used by Hitler himself. The owner had a special trailer built for the car, and it made the circuit of auto shows in the late 1970's. It was in Milwaukee several times, but I haven't seen it since. It is, reportedly, in the hands of a private collector now.

...in 1973, Schoolhouse Rock (http://www.school-house-rock.com/) premiered on the ABC Saturday Morning cartoon lineup. In the early 1970's, an advertising executive (David McCall) was disturbed that his 11 year old boy couldn't remember multiplication tables but did know the words to every popular song on the radio. He decided that maybe the trick was to teach kids with rock 'n' roll, and he asked pianist Bob Dorough to write a song based on the multiplication tables. The result was Three is a Magic Number. McCall presented it to Michael Eisner, now the CEO of Disney/ABC but who was, at the time, in charge of children's programming. Eisner immediately bought it and ordered more! Each episode is three minutes long and teaches a lesson to a snappy tune. The episodes aired from 1975 through 1985, won four Emmys and is now available on DVD. Some episodes, such as How a Bill Becomes Law (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mEJL2Uuv-oQ) and Conjunction Junction (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mkO87mkgcNo&feature=related) can be seen on YouTube. You can even see the lesson that started it all, Three is a Magic Number (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yPzAjiLr5Zw&feature=related) up there, too.

http://www.school-house-rock.com/images/head-pic.gif (http://www.school-house-rock.com/)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 95 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1785, the first men to fly across the English Channel, Frenchman Jean-Pierre Blanchard and American John Jeffries, accomplished the feat in a gas balloon.

...in 1789, the first Presidential election was held in the United States. As defined by the US Constitution, voters chose state electors. The electors, in turn, voted as members of the electoral college. The same system is used to this day, but the difference is that 1789, only white, male, land owners were allowed to vote for electors, today, any citizen over the age of 18 is allowed to vote. Detractors of the electoral college system say that it is possible for a candidate to win the popular vote but to lose the electoral college. This happened three times, in 1876, 1888 and 2000. Proponents of the system point out that the electoral college distributes the vote over all states, meaning Rhode Island has as much at stake in the election as larger states. If the electoral college were eliminated for popular vote only, large states like California and Texas could dominate every election, overriding smaller states. In 1789, as expected, George Washington easily won the first election and he took office on April 30, 1789.

...in 1924, George Gershin completed the Rhapsody in Blue, the landmark jazz symphony that is popular to this day. The piece was commissed by Paul Whiteman for his big band. The distinctive opening features a clarinet starting with the lowest note possible on the instrument, quickly rising to the top register with a smear to a high C, a technique that only a few clarinetists can achieve. Gershwin also wrote An American in Paris, made famous in a Gene Kelly movie of the same name. He also wrote Porgy & Bess and with his brother, Ira, wrote hundreds of familiar American songs. He died tragically in 1937, the result of a brain tumor that may have been caused by him being struck by a golf ball. His estate continues to collect royalties and he is estimated to be one of the wealthiest composers in history.

...in 1940, the CBS radio network premiered Gene Autry's Melody ranch which would remain on the air for 16 years. While in high school, Autry worked as a telegrapher at his town's railroad station and in between tasks, he would sing and play a cheap guitar. A stranger passing through the station one day heard him sing and suggested he go on the radio. The stranger knew what he was talking about, his name was Will Rogers. He found success as "Oklahoma's Yodeling Cowboy" and became a mainstay of the Sears National Barn Dance. He co wrote and recorded the first gold record, . In 1934, he was recruited to ride, play guitar and sing in a series of western serials and by 1940, he was America's Favorite Cowboy. During WWII, Autry joined the Army Air Corps and took his oath on the air. (He flew C-47 in the Pacific Theater.) Roy Rogers took his place while he served. Later, Autry would star with Pat Buttram on the [i]Gene Autry Show. Autry was also an investor and entrepreneur, even owning the California Angels as a very popular baseball owner. Autry is the only entertainer to have five stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and he was elected to the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1969.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/GeneAutry.jpg/250px-GeneAutry.jpg
Gene Autry (1907-1998) in the Gene Autry Show.

...in 1999, the impeachment trial of President Bill Clinton began. He was charged with ling under oath and obstructing justice. Supreme Court Chief Justice William Renquist, under Article 1 of the US Constitution, was sworn in to preside over the trial, with Senators as jurors. Prsident Clinton was the second US Preident to be impeached, the first being President Andrew Johnson in 1868.

...in 1985, GM opened Saturn Corporation as a wholly owned, independent subsidiary of the giant automaker. As time went on, though, it became obvious that Saturn was, in fact, a division of GM. Components and platforms are shared with Saturn's GM brethren, such as the Saturn Sky roadster that is built on the same platform as the Pontiac Solstice.

http://wiki.gmnext.com/wiki/uploads/d/db/C4525-0010.jpg
Roger Smith and F James McDonald with the 1985 Saturn

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 96 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1815, two weeks after the conclusion of the War of 1812, one last battle big was fought. The Treaty of Ghent had been signed on December 24, 1814 to end the hostilities, but word did not reach the combatants. The British marched against New Orleans on January 8, hoping that by the capture of the city they could separate Louisiana from the rest of the country. (The US had purchased Louisiana from France in 1803, Napoleon probably needed the money because England and France were embroiled in the Napoleonic Wars.) The War of 1812 had petty much reached a stalemate. The merchants of England wanted the war over so they could go back to trading with the Americans but some in Britain wanted to capture Lousiana for England, and a British force began plans to capture New Orleans. The pirate, Jean Lafitte, knew of the British plans and warned the Americans. When the British, under General Edward Pakenham arrived, they found their way was blocked by General Andrew Jackson. Although the British force of 7,500 outnumbered the 4,500 Americans, mostly militia from Kentucky and Tennessee, they were mowed down by the mountaineers who were sharpshooters. In less than an hour, General Pakenham was dead along with 2,000 of his men killed, captured or wounded. Only 8 Americans died and 13 were wounded. The battle had little effect on a war that was already over, but it elevated Andrew Jackson's reputation and catapulted him into the Presidency.

Johnny Horton sings The Battle of New Orleans (http://video.google.com/videosearch?q=battle+of+new+orleans&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a&um=1&sa=X&oi=video_result_group&resnum=4&ct=title#).

...in 1642, Galileo Galilei died at the age of 77. He is referred to as the father of modern astronomy and the father of modern physics. He was the first to use a telescope and discovered the rings of Saturn, the moons of Jupiter, sunspots and the rotation of the sun. He published his astronomical findings, that confirmed the Copernican theory of heliotropism, that the earth rotated around the sun. This was heretical to the Catholic church that supported the geocentric view that the universe revolved around the earth. Galileo was convicted of heresy in 1633 but allowed to serve out his sentence under house arrest.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg/225px-Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

...in 1790, President George Washington delivered the very first State of the Union Address to the assembled congress in the capital, at New York City. He had a very carefully worded script that danced around the controversial issue of maintaining a standing army. He also expressed an interest in uniform rules including currency, weights and measures. He also stated a goal of a federal post office, post roads and and a system of public education. To this day, the President addresses a joint session cogress each January (except in inauguration years) to deliver the State of the Union Address.

...in 1941, the media mogul, William Randolph Hearst, ordered his entire media chain to accept any advertising for, to review, or to even mention, Orson Welles' blockbuster Citizen Kane as Hearst thought the film was a poor study of him, portrayed by the character Charles Foster Kane. Hearst reportedly offered RKO studios $800,000.00 to burn all the prints and destroy the negatives. Welles claimed that a policeman pulled him aside after the premiere and told him, don't go to your hotel room. Hearst has a naked, underage girl there, waiting to jump into your arms with Hearst photographers waiting to get pictures. Welles did not go to his room that night and no one knows if the story was true or not. In the long run, Heart's efforts to supress the film did the opposite in the long run, as his name is never mentioned without a mention to Citizen Kane in the same sentence. Kane is the AFI's #1 of the top 100 movies, "Rosebud" is the #17 quote and it won the 1941 Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and was nominated for 8 other Oscars. The film set many standards for film production and Roger Ebert has called it the best movie ever made.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/ce/Citizenkane.jpg/215px-Citizenkane.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 93 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1493, Christopher Columbus wrote in his journal that while sailing near the Dominican Republic, he spotted three mermaids. He described them as "...not half as beautiful as they are painted." What he had spotted were three manatees, large, slow moving marine mammals with human-like eyes, a large face and flipper-like tail. They are vegetarians, reaching a length of 10-12 feet and they average between 800 and 1,200 pounds. They have no natural predators, but they are endangered in Florida waters due to collisions with boats.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/FL_fig04.jpg/250px-FL_fig04.jpg

...in 1768, the first circus ws performed in London by Philip Astley. There had always been trick riders acrobats and such, but it was not until Astley that they were all shown in one place. Astley was a cavalry man, and he learned that if he rode in a tight circle, he could perform amazing feats on horseback, provided by centrifugal force. He developed a reputation as a trick rider, and soon he found other equestrians, clowns and musicians and offered a big show under one roof. It was a competitor who opened down the street that used the word "circus" that soon became a generic word for the traveling show. In 1871, P.T. Barnum started a circus and in 1884, the Ringling Brothers, from Baraboo, Wisconsin, formed a road circus and soon began buying other circuses, including Barnum's, and soon Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey became the largest circus. Today, the largest collection of circus wagons in one place is in Baraboo, at the Circus World Museum (http://circusworld.wisconsinhistory.org/). Baraboo is also home to the Al Ringling Theater (http://www.alringling.com/), one of the first movie palaces.

...in 1776, Thomas Paine published his influential pamphlet, Common Sense that was a rallying cry for independence from Great Britain. The 47 page pamphlet sold over a half a million copies and united colonists into a united cause.

...in 1959, Clint Eastwood premiered in the Warner Brothers Television show, Rawhide. It was one of 30 westerns on television in the 1959-60 season.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

I have no idea if this will impact Paige's case, or not, but it is an ongoing story that runs parallel to Paige's story.

DA: Grand jury to get work in ’09

By Paul Shockley
pshockley@gjfreepress.com

Link: GJ Free Press (http://www.gjfreepress.com/article/20090109/COMMUNITY_NEWS/901089966/1007/NONE&parentprofile=1059&title=DA:%20Grand%20jury%20to%20get%20work%20in%20 %9209%20)

GRAND JUNCTION, Colo. — Seated but given nothing to do for two years, District Attorney Pete Hautzinger Thursday said it’s “considerably more likely” Mesa County’s grand jury will get work in 2009.

Grand jury proceedings are secret and closed to the public under state law. Hautzinger expects “one or more” matters will go before the panel.

“I don’t think we’ve ever asked them to take up more than one matter in a calendar year,” he said.

The DA and Mesa County Chief Judge David Bottger are scheduled to meet early next month to select 12 regular grand jurors along with two alternates, who’ll be plucked from a pool of residents summoned for jury duty.

Under state law, counties with populations of at least 100,000 must impanel a grand jury around the start of a new year.

Those selected agree to be available to meet and hear evidence periodically for at least 12 months. Service can be extended up to 18 months under special circumstances.

A grand jury can issue criminal charges or an indictment, decline an indictment or issue a report. They hear only from the prosecution, which has the power to subpoena witnesses to testify under oath.

Mesa County impaneled grand juries in 2007 and 2008, which heard nothing.

The last panel, which looked into the finances of the Grand Junction Rural Fire Protection District, declined to charge anybody after months of service ending in February 2006.

A focus of that investigation was former Fire District board member Rob Dixon.

Dixon is the second ex-husband of 34-year-old Paige Birgfeld, who disappeared in June 2007.

While seating last year’s grand jury panel in March, Hautzinger peppered the selection pool of residents with questions about what they knew about the Birgfeld investigation.

Hautzinger at the time said the case may be presented by late 2008 if a Mesa County Sheriff’s investigation “hadn’t moved further along.”

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 114 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1971, the popular PBS series, Masterpiece Theater went on the air. From the beginning, the series was underwritten by Mobil, later Mobil/Exxon, and for a time was even called Mobil Masterpiece Theater. Mobil pulled their funding at the end of 2005 and it is currently without sponsorship. (The show has also undergone major changes, including dropping "Theater" so it is now just Masterpiece and one cannot help but wonder if the changes were driven by Mobil's pulling of funding, or if the changes drove Mobil to pull the funding?) From the distinctive opening theme (Rondeau from Sinfonies de Fanfares by Jean-Joseph Mouret) to the much-parodied host, Allistair Cooke, the series has been a popular fixture for PBS. The show has been parodied many times, one of the best was an epidsode of South Park with Malcolm McDowel playing the host part and announcing, "I am a British person" and he goes on to narrate a parody of Great Expectations.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d1/Mpt-logo.png/175px-Mpt-logo.png

...in 1901,near Beaumont, Texas at a field called Spindletop Hill, and oil well came in with a gusher that shot hundreds of feet in the air and took 9 days to cap. The well, drilled by Croatia born Anthony Lucas, came in at a depth of 1,000 feet and flowed at a rate of 100,000 barrels per day.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Anthony_F._Lucas.jpg/160px-Anthony_F._Lucas.jpg
Croatian-American, Anthony Lucas 1855-1921

The petroleum age had already begun when oil was discovered in Titusville,Pennsylvania in 1859 and prior to the Spindletop Hill find, Pennsylvania produced over half of the world's oil supply! At that time, oil was more of a curiosity than a commodity, kerosene was used for lighting and oil was used as a lubricant. People like Ransom E. Olds, Alexander Winton and the Duryea Brothers were changing things, though, as they were using gasoline to power a new fangled contraption called the automobile. Spindletop Hill created a "Black Gold Rush" and the population of Beaumont tripled overnight. There were oil workers, speculators, investors, merchants, bankers and the inevitable con men that almost changed the name to "Swindletop." By 1902, there were 500 oil companies operating there, some with names like Humble Oil (it would become Exxon) the Texas Company (Texaco, now Chevron) and Magnolia Petroleum, which would evolve into Mobil. The field remained profitable for decades with more oil discovered in the 1920's at deeper depths. Today, it is pretty much tapped out and only a few wells are still operating.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Lucas_gusher.jpg/250px-Lucas_gusher.jpg
The gusher at Spindletop Hill

...in 1961, Dashiel Hammett passed away. Not sure who he was? Follow along. He left school at the age of 13 and followed a path of dead end jobs before he became a detective with Pinkerton's, where he worked for eight years. It was there he had the experiences that he turned into fiction. His flat out honest and blunt descriptions of violence and events became known as the "hard-boiled" style of detective novels, followed later by writers like Raymond Chandler. Hammett wrote several short stories in his deadpan, machine-gun style of writing beginning in 1929. He publiched two novels, Red Harvest and The Dain Curse but the next year, he introduced Sam Spade in his novel, The Maltese Falcon. It was made into a movie three times, but the third release, starring Humphrey Bogart, mad Hammett and household name. What was The Maltese Falcon? In the words of Sam Spade, "The stuff that dreams are made of."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d9/TheMalteseFalcon3_sz175.jpg
Humphrey Bogart as Sam Spade, and friend.

...in 1920, the League of Nations met for the first time, when the Covenant of the League of Nations was ratified by 42 nations. President Woodrow Wilson had been an advocate of the League, but Congress refused to ratify the Covenant and it did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles, which ended WWI. Wilson had suffered a stroke and was unable to compromise with Congress. The League went on without the US, but it had no teeth. When it condemned Japan for invading China, Japan just walked away. The League was unable to prevent the Italian invasion of Ethiopia or the rearming of Germany. It was dissolved in 1946 because...

...in 1946, the first meeting of the United Nations was held in London. 51 nations comprised the UN, modeled after the League of Nations but with more enforcement mechanisms. The first order of business was to call for peaceful use of atomic energy and for nuclear disarmament. For all it has done, the UN also has its severe critics who think the UN is as ineffectual as the old League of Nations. Either way, both organizations began on this date, 26 years apart.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 121 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1908, President Theodore Roosevelt declared the Grand Canyon a national monument. Native Americans had lived in the area for centuries, the first Europeans to see the big hole in the ground were members of the expedition led by Francisco Vasquez de Coronado in 1540. Several more centuries would pass before North American settlers would explore the canyon. On of the 19th Century tourists was Roosevelt himself, a New Yorker who was fascinated by the Old West. Roosevelt became President after the assassination of William McKinley, and Roosevelt, a preservationist, made conservation a priority of his administration. There was a method to make lands into a National Park, but it required an act of congress. Roosevelt worked around it by declaring 800,000 acres of the canyon into a National Monument by executive decree. He said, "Let this great wonder of nature remain as it now is. You cannot improve on it. But what you can do is keep it for your children, your children’s children, and all who come after you, as the one great sight which every American should see." Congress would make it into a national park in 1919, the act signed by President Woodrow Wilson.

...in 1973, in what would become a black day for purists, the American League owners at the Winter Meetings voted to institute the Designated Hitter rule. It was nothing new, in fact, legendary Connie Mack had proposed the rule back in 1906 and even in 1928, the National League's President John Heydler brought it up, but nothing ever came of it. Charlie Finley, the owner sometimes described as "colorful" brought up the DH rule again as a way of boosting offense and boosting attendance. When approved in 1973, it was the first time the two leagues would operate with different rules and it was the biggest rule change since 1903 when foul balls were made into strikes. To this day, fans of both leagues argue the merits/disgrace of the DH rule.

...in 1980, the premier album, Pretenders, by the British rock band, The Pretenders, was released. Led by American ex-patriot Chrissie Hynde, the band was formed at the tail end of the British punk rock movement. In July 1982, The Pretenders released the single Back of the Chain Gang with the B side song called My City Was Gone. The laughable protest song uses Chrissie Hynde's whining lyrics about returning to her native Akron, Ohio only to find that after the failure of the tire industry, downtown Akron was bulldozed and rebuilt, and she protests rampant pollution and industrial development. The forgettable song is only famous today because the distinctive opening bass and lead guitar rifts are the theme song for the Rush Limbaugh Radio Program. Hynde says she doesn't really like that, and there was some legal wrangling over Limbaugh's use of the song in the late 1980's. Most skeptics think it was a publicity stunt for both personalities, because she does seem to like the royalty checks from the EIB Radio Network that are donated to PETA. Although she has an apartment in Akron and is part owner of a business in Akron, she has lived in London for most of her life.

http://www.ci.akron.oh.us/Tour/Graphics/98a.jpg
Downtown Akron was bulldozed and revitalized to house
The Inventor's Hall of Fame, the Knight Center and Canal Park,
home to the Akron Aeros, AA affiliate of the Cleveland Indians.
You can see the rampant industrial development and
pollution, can't you?

...in 1970, the NFL Champion Minnesota Vikings would face off in Super Bowl IV against the AFL Champion Kansas City Chiefs. The Chiefs had lost to the Green Bay Packers in Super Bowl II, but by the 1969 season, the Vikings were the dominant team in the NFL. Most sports pundits still considered the AFL to be an inferior league to the NFL, considering the New York Jets defeat of the Baltimore Colts in Super Bowl III as "a fluke." The Chiefs laid a licking on the Vikings, 23-7, to even the AFL-NFL Championship Game standings at 2-2. It was the first of four Super Bowl appearances by the Vikings, all of which they lost, joining the Buffalo Bills with four Super Bowl appearances without a victory.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 103 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1904, racer Barney Oldfield set the a speed record on the ice of frozen Lake St. Claire, north of Detroit. He was driving a stripped Ford automobile and reached a speed of 91.37 MPH. Considering that Ford Motor Company was founded in 1903, the speed was a major accomplishment. (Oldfield had been a bicycle racer when Henry Ford hired him to drive the 999. Oldfield had never driven a car before he saw the 999 in 1902) Oldfield chose the lake because it was large, flat and had nothing to hit. The exploits of the bicycle racer turned automobile daredevil added a phrase to the lexicon, "Who do you think you are, Barney Oldfield?" He would go on to set many more automobile records, and many years later, Henry Ford said to him, "Barney, I made you, and you made me." Oldfield replied, "No, Henry. 999 made us both."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/BarneyOldfieldHenryFord.jpg/250px-BarneyOldfieldHenryFord.jpg
Barney Oldfield at the controls of the 999 race car, with Henry Ford

...in 1969, the upstart New York Jets, AFL Champions, defeated the highly favored NFL Champion Baltimore Colts in Superbowl III. Led by the flamboyant "Broadway Joe" Namath, the Jets defeated the Colts 16-7, after Namath had guaranteed a victory. After a sparkling career under Bear Bryant at Alabama, Namath was drafted by the St. Louis Cardinals of the NFL, the Jets of the AFL, and was even offered a baseball contract by the Chicago Cubs. He chose the Jets, where he was Rookie of the Year and the first pro quarterback to throw for 4,000 yards in a single season. He had a lavish penthouse in New York and a brash confidence that was loved in New York and hated elsewhere. The victory proved that the AFL was a far stronger league than the sports pundits thought, and the victory by the Chiefs over the Vikings the following year (see yesterday's update) evened the standings at two apiece.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Joe_Namath.jpg/200px-Joe_Namath.jpg
Broadway Joe in 2003

...in 1926, Vaudville actors Freeman Gosden and Charles Carrell premiered a radio program on Chicago starion WGN. Called Sam 'n' Henry, the white actors portrayed two black men from the deep south who had come to Chicago to make their fortune. Two years later, they would take their show across town to WMAQ, but could not go on the air with it, because WGN owned the rights to the characters' names. Gosden and Carrell simply changed the character names to Amos 'n' Andy and the most popular radio show in history was born. It ran for 22 years on radio and in 1951, it made the leap to television. On television, the characters were portrayed by Alvin Childress and Spencer Williams. The show was the first to feature an all black cast, the only one for 20 years. The NAACP criticized both the radio and television show for promoting racial stereotypes, and the television show collapsed under the pressure in 1953. It is almost painful to listen to tapes of the original shows today, but Amos 'n' Andy thrived in a different era and a different time.

...in 1932, Ophelia Wyatt Caraway became the first woman to be elected to the US Senate. A Deomcrat from Arkansas, Caraway had been appointed to fulfill the term of her late husband, Thaddeus Horation Caraway after his death in 1931. The powerful senator from Louisana, the colorful Huey Long, supported her efforts to be nominated and run for the seat. She was reelected in 1938 but lost to William Fullbright in 1944. She was not the first woman to serve in the Senate, that was Rebecca Latimer Felton who was appointed in 1922 to fill a vacant seat but never ran for election. Jeanette Rankin was elected to the House in 1917, the first woman to serve in Congress.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3e/Caraway_hattie.jpg/160px-Caraway_hattie.jpg
Hattie Ophelia Wyatt Caraway (1878 – 1950)
The first woman elected to serve in the Senate

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 100 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1128, Pope Honorisu II recognized the Knights Templar, declaring it to be God's Army. The Knights Templar were led by a French knight named Hughes de Payens after their formation in 1118. Their mission was to protect Christian pilgrims on their way to the Holy Land, during the Crusades, European military expeditions into the Holy Land aimed to force Muslims from Palestine. The name was taken from the Temple on the Mount in Jerusalem. At first, there were only nine members, as they were sworn to not own property but since Christians donated property to the Knights to support their mission, the organization became quite wealthy. After the unsuccessful Crusades came to an end, other orders and secular organizations became jealous of the Templar's great wealth. In 1307, King Philip IV of France and Pope Clement conspired to bring down the Templar, bringing charges of heresy, sacrilege and Satanism. Under duress, the Templars confessed and were burned at the stake. Clement dissolved the Templars and gave their wealth to a rival group, the Knights Hospitaliers. Actually, most of the assets were taken by Philip and King Edward II of England. The modern church has admitted the persecution of the Knights Templar was unjustified and claims Clement was forced into the move. The Knights Templar have been the source of myths and legends for centuries, including claims that they have the Ark of the Covenant, parts of the cross from Christ's crucifixion and the Holy Grail. Those legends have been the source of many stories, including The Da Vinci Code.

...in 1939, Anthony "Doc" Barker was shot and killed while he was trying to escape from Alcatraz. Doc Barker, along with his brothers Herman, Lloyd and Fred, the Barkers were a formidable gang in their day. They pulled off numerous bank jobs and kidnappings all over the midwest. They were able to live in relative freedom because the boys' mother Kate, the infamous Ma Barker, reportedly paid off police officials in small towns all over their territory. (There is no real evidence that Ma Barker was at all involved in any of the criminal activity that she is blamed for.) In January of 1935, FBI agents, led by the famous Melvin Purvis, moved in and captured Doc Barker in Chicago. While searching Doc, he was found to be unarmed. "Where's your gun?" Purvis reportedly asked. "Home," Doc said, "And ain't that a place for it?" A week later, Fred and Ma were gunned down in an FBI shootout in Florida. Doc was convicted and sent to The Rock where he tried to make his escape. He had climbed over the wall and was found on the rocks with searchlights from the guard towers. He was ordered to freeze, but he continued to assemble a make-shift raft. When he waded into the cold waters of San Francisco Bay to launch his escape craft, guards shot and killed him, ending the spree of the most notorious family of the gangster era.

...in 1942, Henry Ford patented a plastic-bodied automobile. According to all reports, the plastic was based on soybeans. Development of the plastic car ended with World War II, and not much else was done until decades later, as most cars are made with many plastic components these days.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/soybeancar.jpg

...in 1929, 80 year old Wyatt Earp passed away quietly in Los Angeles, nearly 50 years after the famous shootout at the O.K. Corral. Wyatt Earp was a colorful character and notorious law man that traveled the west, with a career that spanned from Peoria to Kansas to Arizona. In 1881, the Earp brothers were in competition with the Clanton-McLaury ranches for the control of Tombstone, Arizona. On October 26, 1881, the tensions resulted in a 30 second shootout in the streets of Tombstone, near the OK Corral. See Morning Update, October 26, 2008 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-october-26-2008-a-45428/) for more about the gunfight. He retired to California and tried to keep his fame alive. He was called to Hollywood where he acted as a technical advisor to many westerns, telling Tom Mix, a young John Wayne, and others, what the old west was really like. Great fame eluded him in his lifetime, but a biography, a television series in the 1950's (starring Hugh O'Brien) and several movies cemented his fame forever.

http://www.wyattearp.net/Wyattearp1.jpg
Wyatt Berry Stapp Earp 1848-1929
"No man can have a more loyal friend than Wyatt Earp, nor a more dangerous enemy." - Bat Masterson.

...in 1864, America's first professional composer passed away, in the charity ward of Bellevue Hospital in New York City. Stephan Foster was only 37. The Yankee Doodle Dandy was born in Lawrenceville, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1826, which was the 50th Anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. He started to compose as a young man, greatly influenced by minstrels. His first hit was Oh! Susanna in 1848 which he sold to a publisher for $100. (It would become the anthem for the California Gold Rush. In 1849, he was commissioned to write for a minstrel troop called the Christy Minstrels, for whom he composed The Old Folks at Home, better known by it's popular title, Swanee River. In the following decade, he wrote several more tunes that became American standards, like Camptown Races, My Old Kentucky Home, Old Dog Tray, I Dream of Jeanie With the Light Brown Hair and Beautiful Dreamer. My Old Kentucky Home is the state song of Kentucky as The Old Folks at Home is the state song of Florida. Unfortunately, copyright laws were not enforced in Foster's day and he lost out on a great deal of deserved income. He moved to New York City where he died. Foster is remembered at Bardstown, Kentucky at My Old Kentucky Home State Park, where Stephen Foster: The Musical has been performed since 1958. There is a statue of him next to the Federal Hill mansion, where he visited relatives. It was his inspiration for My Old Kentucky Home.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/StephenFoster.jpeg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7d/MOKH_Mansion.jpg/235px-MOKH_Mansion.jpg
Stephen Collins Foster (1826-1864) and the Federal Hill Mansion at My Old Kentucky Home State Park

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 101 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1875, Albert Schweitzer was born in in Upper-Alsace, Germany, now Haut-Rhin, France. He was the son and grandson of ministers, and expected to follow in their footsteps. He entered medican school in 1905 with the goal of becoming a missionary in Africa. He was also a classically trained musician, and when he graduated from medical school in 1913, he had published two books, The Quest for the Historical Jesus and a pamphlet, The Art of Organ Building and Organ Playing in Germany and France with organ composer, Charles-Marie Widor. The two of them started a reform movement in the classical organ that rediscovered baroque principals that had been lost in the classical movement. He raised funds for his African mission by playing organ concerts. (Schweitzer made several recordings in Britain in 1934 and 1935 that have been reissued on CD.) He and his wife established a hospital near a French mission in Lambaréné on the Ogooué River, in what is now Gabon, Africa. He was watched closely during WWI, a German in a French colony. After the war, he obtained French citizenship and continued his medical mission. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1952.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-D0116-0041-019%2C_Albert_Schweitzer.jpg/225px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-D0116-0041-019%2C_Albert_Schweitzer.jpg
"The only ones among you who will be really happy are those who will have sought and found how to serve." — Albert Schweitzer (1875-1865)

...in 1784, the Continental Congress ratified the Second Treaty of Paris, which officially ended the Revolutionary War. (The first Treaty of Paris ended the Seven Years' War in 1763.) The treaty reestablished the borders of the new United States and what was left of British America. It defined fishing rights, access to the Mississippi River by both sides, and respect for the materiel left behind by the British Army. It also released prisoners of war of both sides.

...in 1954, the Hudson Motor Car Company and the maker of automobiles and appliances known as Nash-Kelvinator, merged to form the American Motors Corporation.

...in 1864, Richard Felton Outcault was born in Lancaster, Ohio. The talented artist was a technical illustrator for Thomas Edison but also drew humorous sketches for the magazines Judge and Life. In 1894, he joined Joseph Pulitzer's New York World. Pulitzer experimented with color, and on the front page, he used Outcault's talent to draw a color, one frame comic called Hogan's Alley, that depicted events in a fictional slum. One character in the panel, "The Yellow Kid," gave rise to the phrase "Yellow journalism." In 1896, he defected to William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal where in 1902, he introduced a new style of comic with frames and speech balloons. It featured characters named Buster Brown and his dog, Tige. Dressed in Little Lord Fauntleroy clothes, his daily antics were immensely popular and spawned a number of consumer products, the most famous being Buster Brown shoes. Outcault is considered the father of the modern comic strip.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Yellow_kid001.gif http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Buster_Brown_valentine.jpg
The Yellow Kid, Buster Brown and Tige

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 83 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1918, Stan Laurel began working for Hal Roach studios. The English actor had performed in British music halls and Vaudeville, even being an understudy to Charlie Chaplin. In 1926, director Leo McCarey suggested that the tall, thin Laurel team up with the rotund Oliver Hardy and one of the most successful comedy teams ever started on a long career. Their on-screen chemistry was unequaled, with Laurel's delightful naivete and Hardy's frustrated arrogance being the key to their humor. Laurel would scratch his head with a look of bewilderment while Hardy would do a slow boil, eventually landing in a bucket of paint or getting a pie in the face, followed by his signature line, "Well, here's another nice mess you've gotten me into." They won an academy award in 1933 for the hysterical short, The Music Box in which two inept movers are hired to deliver a piano up a long set of stairs. Another classic came in Two Tars (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GpukGHMeN2Q) where Hardy's anger ends up destroying a long line of automobiles that are stuck in a traffic jam. A common foil was Edgar Kennedy, who would be best remembered by the next generation as Uncle Joe in Petticoat Junction. Hardy suffered a stroke in 1954 and Laurel vowed to never perform again, which he didn't, up to his death in 1965. (Click here to see part of The Music Box (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m7qa15xztEU&feature=PlayList&p=C0E5B2328BFC2CAE&index=13) on YouTube.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2b/10045196.jpg/275px-10045196.jpg
Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy

...in 1919, the streets of Boston were flooded on this day. The flood killed 21 people and injured about 150 more. Why is this unusual? It was a flood of molasses. Molasses was the most commonly used sweetener at the time (corn syrup is used for that now) and was also distilled for alcohol, again, much as corn is today except the alcohol was used in the manufacture of munitions. At the Purity Distilling Company, the bolts holding the lower plates on a storage tank exploded, sending an 8 foot wave of hot molasses cascading through the streets at 35 miles per hour. It flattened a fire station and engulfed the support piers of an elevated railroad. The mess took 87,000 man hours to clean up and people claim that to this day, when it is really warm, you can still smell molasses. The following lawsuits resulted in payouts of $1,000,000.00, which would be well over $6 million today, adjusted for inflation.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/BostonMolassesDisaster.jpg/320px-BostonMolassesDisaster.jpg
The Boston Molasses Disaster of 1919

...in 1967, the first ever championship game between the champion of the upstart American Football League and the champion of the established National Football League was held at the Los Angeles Coliseum. The owner of the AFL Champion Kansas City Chiefs suggested the game be called the Super Bowl, but that name would not be assigned until 1969, when this game would be renamed Super Bowl I. Both the NFL Champion Green Bay Packers coach, Vince Lombardi and Chief's coach, Hank Stram, were under a great deal of pressure from both leagues to win the game. The players were equally nervous. The game was not a sellout, in fact, people complained about the exorbitant ticket price of $12.00 and because it was not sold out, the game was blacked out in Los Angeles. CBS had exclusive rights to broadcast NFL games and NBC had exclusive rights to broadcast AFL games, so the "Super Bowl" was simulcast. NBC was forced to use the CBS video feed because the Coliseum was the home of the Rams, an NFL team. The first touchdown to be scored in Super Bowl history was a pass from Bart Starr to veteran receiver Max McGee. The legend is that McGee, known for partying, was out late the night before because he never thought he'd play. When Boyd Dowler went down to injury, McGee, who claimed to be hung over, went in and made a spectacular one-handed catch in the end zone of Starr's pass. The Packers went on to win the game 35-10 on the strength of three second half touchdowns.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Sports/starr-i.jpg http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Sports/sbi_b.jpg
Bart Starr threw the first Touchdown Pass - Pete Rozelle presented
the trophy to Vince Lombardi, for whom the trophy eventually would be named.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 106 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1919, the 18th Amendment to the US Constitution was ratified. The amendment prohibited the "manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors for beverage purposes." Carrie Nation had taken her hatchet-wielding style of temperance national and by the end of the 19th Century, the movement had become a powerful lobbying force. Woodrow Wilson was no exception, and by 1917, the 18th Amendment was on the books and ratified in January 1919. Nine months later, Congress overrode President Wilson's veto of the Volstead Act, which created a special enforcement agency under the Treasury Department. Despite all the do-gooder actions, organized crime flourished, providing satisfaction to a market demand for alcohol. Prohibition was one of the most violent periods in American history, and it lasted until 1933 when the 21st Amendment was passed, ending prohibition. Known as "The noble experiment," prohibition was a dismal failure.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/4130.jpg
Philadelphia Public Safety Director Smedley Darlington Butler
smashing a barrel of confiscated beer during Prohibition, 1924

...in 1953, the Chevrolet Corvette was introduced at the New York Auto Show. The concept car generated lots of interest but when it came time to place orders, few were sold. Meanwhile, across town, the designers at Ford were working on their own two-seat "personal luxury car" that they introduced in 1954 as the Thunderbird. In 1955, Ford sold 16,155 of their two-seat Thunderbirds while Chevrolet sold 700 Corvettes. Most executives, with such a dismal performance, would cut their losses, drop the turkey and move on. Chevrolet believed in the Corvette, though, and kept production rolling. At Ford, Robert McNamara (who would later move to the Kennedy Administration where he would screw up American involvement in Viet Nam) screwed up the Thunderbird by making it bigger and heavier. Today, there is no doubt what a Corvette is but there have been 11 generations of Thunderbird with no real identity.

http://www.web-cars.com/images/vette_img/1954-corvette_scanA_a_s.jpg

...in 1945, Adolph Hitler would take to his bunker, 55 feet below the chancellery (his headquarters) where he would spend the last 105 days of his life. The bunker was a totally self-contained unit, featruing 18 rooms and its own water and electrical supply. He spent most of his time trying to manipulate the defense of Berlin, which was close to being overrun by the Russian army. Colleagues would come and go but Hitler mostly stayed underground. His constant companion, Eva Braun, remained with him along with his dog, Blondi. (You can see some of the remains of the Third Reich on a site called Third Reich Ruins (http://thirdreichruins.com/berlin2.htm), that is, if you give a rip.)

...in 1979, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, the leader of Iran since 1941, fled his country in the face of religious overthrow. Fourteen days later, the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the spiritual leader of the Islamic revolution, returned after 15 years of exile and took control of Iran. The Shah had been a Cold War ally of the United States and Great Britain, and he had continualy reminded his people that they were Persian and that he was actually the King of Persia, the last in a long line of such kings. There was much unrest and upheaval in Iran, however, along with political upheaval. The Shah suffered from cancer and wanted to come to the United States for treatment. Enraged students in Teheran invaded the US Embassy where they took 52 US citizens as hostages. President Jimmy Carter began his legacy of being the most ineffective President of the 20th Century, perhaps ever, when the crisis began. He had enraged the already enraged Iranian students when he toasted the Shah in the international press after he was deposed. Years later, in his autobiography, the Ayatollah said he knew he was in a position of strength when Teheran was still standing the next morning, and that Carter would do virtually nothing. Once he realized he had Carter and the US by the short hairs, he played Carter and the US media like a violin. The Iranians held the embassy and the hostages for 444 days while Carter did little except to wring his hands, start negotiaion ploys that were crushed at the last minute by the Ayatollah and launch a doomed rescue effort. He did freeze Iran's assets in the United States which appeared to have little or no effect. The hostages were released on January 20, 1981 (Inauguration Day) when Khomeneini realized that Ronald Reagan was not going to be the pushover Carter was. Relations between the US and Iran remain strained to this day.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 112 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1950, more than $2 million was stolen from the Brinks Armored Car depot in Boston, Massachusetts. It was the nearly perfect crime, well planned, well executed with military precision, and it kept authorities guessing until it all fell apart in 1956, just days before the statute of limitations ran out. (Someone talks. That's why conspiracies never work, because someone always talks.) The gang had staked out the depot to determine traffic patterns and when the depot would likely have the most loot available. They even stole a wiring diagram of the alarm system and returned it before anyone noticed it had been missing. Just before 7:30 on this date, the gang rolled up to the depot, let themselves in with a key they had made by stealing, and returning, a lock cylinder. Wearing full face masks, the gang surprised the Brinks crew, bound and gagged them, then proceeded to help themselves to $2.7 in cash and negotiable securities. The gang had agreed to keep silent for six years, and to not disposed of any of the loot for that time. Just prior to the statute of limitations running out, a disgruntled gang member finally talked. All of the gang was accounted for, but about half of the money was never found. It is rumored to be in the hills of Grand Rapids, Minnesota but no one knows for sure.

http://www.celebrateboston.com/images/crimes/heists/brinksjobphoto.jpg
The Brinks Job went down at this location, now a parking garage.

...in 1949, the first of an infestation of Beetles arrived in the US from Germany. The Volkswagen, commonly referred to a a "bug" or a "beetle" was designed by Ferdinand Porsche for the German government. The Volkswagen, or "People's Car," was supposed to be a German equivalent of the Model T, cheap, reliable and solid. After the war, production increased and it began to be sold in the United States in 1949.

http://oldcarandtruckpictures.com/Volkswagen/1949VolkswagenBeetle-a.jpg
The American Infestation of German Beetles
began with this model.

...in 1961, Republican President Dwight Eisenhower made his farewell speech to America, his last as President. His remarks were prophetic, as he warned about the Military-Industrial complex (a term that he coined, and that had so much to do with the escalation of the Viet Nam war) and he called for diplomacy and restraint in dealing with crises with the Soviet Union - which came to a head in October, 1962. Dwight and Mamie Eisenhower retired to their farm in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, where their back porch overlooks the historic battlefield site.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d5/Ikehouse.jpg
The Eisenhower Farm, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
The historic battlefield is just beyond the house.

...in 1942, a plane crash took the life of 33 year old Carole Lombard. Lombard, from Fort Wayne, Indiana, had been married to Clark Gable since 1939. She was best known for starring roles in screwball comedies like My Man Godfrey. She was back in Indiana, raising money for War Bonds. Her plane went down out of Las Vegas, where it had stopped for refueling.

http://bridgehunter.com/photos/10/97/109743-M.jpg
A bridge in Fort Wayne (http://bridgehunter.com/in/allen/200262/), near her childhood home (out of site,
just beyond the bridge) has been named for her.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Carole_Lombard_in_Nothing_Sacred_2_cropped.jpg/180px-Carole_Lombard_in_Nothing_Sacred_2_cropped.jpg
Carole Lombard, circa 1937, in Nothing Sacred.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 135 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1919, the WWI peace talks began in Paris. Some of the most powerful leaders in the world were there, about to make the very most important negotiations ever made to that time. President Woodrw Wilson had been promoting a concept of "peace without victory" to make all sides just lay down arms to end the war and to make sure that Germany, the big loser in the war, would not be treated too harshly. Ironically, representatives of Germany were not allowed at the conference until May, when a draft of the Versailles Treaty was already created. The Germans had put great faith in President Wilson and were seriously disappointed with the treaty that called for huge reparations and ceding of territory. The worst of all was Article 231, the one that called for Germany to accept sole responsibility for the war. It was more than Germans could swallow. The Treaty of Versailles caused the great depression to start early in Germany. It also caused great resentment and anger in the eyes of the German people. It planted the seeds for Hitler's rise to power and the start of World War II. The treaty was signed on June 28, 1919, five years to the day that the war started.

...in 1919, Bentley Motors was founded in London, England. Bentley made upscale sports cars and luxury automobiles until it was acquired by Rolls-Royce in 1931. From then on, the Bentley was The Rolls' poor little brother but it began to gain more and more features of the Rolls until you could hardly tell them apart.

http://www.remarkablecars.com/main/bentley/bentley.jpg
If you have to ask, you can't afford it anyway.

...in 1990, the mayor of the District of Columbia, Democrat Marion Barry, was arrested on drug charges in a sting operation for possession and use of crack. In 1991, he was sentenced to six months. When he got out, he was elected to the City Council, and in 1994, he was elected mayor again. He retired in 1999, but came out and ran for the Ward 8 City Council seat and won with 96% of the vote. Unreal.

...in 1971, George McGovern began his ill-fated run at the White House. The Democrat from South Dakota thought he could capitalize on the youth of America who had been protesting the Viet Nam war and demanded an end to the hostilities. McGovern vowed to bring everyone home if elected. He won the Democrat nomination and ran up against Richard Nixon who promised "peace with honor." Both Democrats and Republicans were alarmed by McGovern's extreme views of the war and his statement that "it would take me 24 hours and one stroke of the pen to terminate all military operations in Southeast Asia." He also promised to bring everyone home within 90 days of taking office, regardless of the conditions of US POW's. To most Americans, that was the same as surrender, am unthinkable action for most Americans. Nixon won by an absolute landslide - 60.7% to 37.5% of the popular vote. McGovern carried Massachusetts (no surprise there) but didn't even carry his home state of South Dakota.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/George_McGovern_bioguide.jpg/159px-George_McGovern_bioguide.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Richard_Nixon_-_Official_Portrait_%281969%29.jpeg/157px-Richard_Nixon_-_Official_Portrait_%281969%29.jpeg
George McGovern - Richard Nixon


...in 1983, Jim Thorpe's Olympic Medals were symbolically restored. Thorpe is generally considered to be the most versitile athlete of modern times, perhaps ever. Jacobus Franciscus "Jim" Thorpe was of mixed parentage, French, Sac and Fox and he was also given the Native American name, Wa-Tho-Huk, "Bright Path." While walking past a college track practice, on a whim, he beat the team's high jumpers at 5'9" while wearing street clothes! He played football for legendary coach, Pop Warner, and in the 1912 Olympics, he easily won the Pentathalon and Decathalon. Thorpe also had a long and successful career in the NFL, mostly with the Canton Bulldogs. His Olympic Medals were stripped after it was found that Thorpe played semi-professional baseball prior to the 1912 Olympics for which he was paid $25. Over the years, Robert Wheeler and Florence Ridlon petitioned the IOC and AAU to restore Thorpe's amateur status and return his medals. They refused all such attempts until 1982 when the AAU overturned the 1913 ruling and restored Thorpe's amateur status. In October 1982. the IOC approved Thorpe's reinstatement. On January 18, 1983. commemorative medals were presented to Thorpe's children, Gale and Bill. The original medals had been placed in museums but were stolen and to this day, no one knows where they are.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Jim_Thorpe_olympic.png/140px-Jim_Thorpe_olympic.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Jim_Thorpe_football.png/180px-Jim_Thorpe_football.png
Jim Thorpe at the 1912 Olympics and as a member of the Canton Bulldogs of the NFL

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 124 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1940, You Nazty Spy was released. The two-reeler starred the Three Stooges and beat Charlie Chaplin's The Great Dictator to theatrical release by a full year. Moe Howard played a Hitler-esque dictator, placed in charge of a country called Moronica. It was the first time Hitler had been satirized on screen. The concept for the trio was a Vaudeville act that started in 1923, billed as "Ted Healy and His Stooges." Ted Healy was a Vaudeville performer and later made a name for himself in the movies. His childhood friend, Harry Moses Horwitz, applied for a job with Healy in 1922, as Moe Howard, he started as a audience heckler. Eventually, he moved to the stage when his brother, Shemp, joined the act as a heckler with Larry Fine, a classical violinist, joining the act in 1925. Shemp did not get along with Healy and left the act. Moe's little brother, Jerry, shaved his red hair and joined the act as Curly. In 1931, they broke from Healy and started making films, creating over 190 shorts for Columbia. You Nazty Spy was Moe's favorite, one of several in which he played a Hitler character. In Back From the Front, the boys are lost at sea and rescued by the S.S. Schicklgruber. (With this episode, the official theme song changed to Three Blind Mice. All episodes previous to this one used a version of Listen to the Mockingbird.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c7/Naztyspy_lobby.jpeg/300px-Naztyspy_lobby.jpeg

...in 1955, the New York Motorama was the first display of the Cadillac Park Avenue, a concept car that featured a four door hardtop design (no "B" pillar, that is, no center pillar) and a return to dual headlights. The massive tail fins were taken directly from the 1951 LeSabre concept. The car would eventually reach production as the Eldorado Broughman, an example of Detroit extravagence in the late 1950's.

http://wiki.gmnext.com/wiki/uploads/0/0c/D-U1954-0005.jpg
The Cadillac Park Avenue Concept Car

...in 1955, President Dwight Eisenhower presented the first televised press conference from the Indian Treaty Room at White House. The feed was recorded by NBC and shared with the CBS, ABC and DuMont networks.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/th_Indian_TreatyEisenhower.jpg (http://smg.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/?action=view&current=Indian_TreatyEisenhower.jpg)
President Dwight Eisenhower presides
over the first televised White House
press conference.
(Click to see a larger print.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 111 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1937, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt was inaugurated to his second of four terms in Washington, D.C. He was the first President to be inaugurated on January 20, a date specified by the 20th Amendment to the Constitution. Prior to that, inaugurations were held in March (except George Washington, who was inaugurated in April 30, 1789.) The March date was to allow plenty of time to count ballots and allow travel time to Washington, not to mention, an attempt to avoid bad weather. William Henry Harrison gave the longest inauguration speech of 8,445 words in 1841, it had even been shortened by Daniel Webster. He caught pneumonia as a result of not wearing an overcoat and talking for over two hours in the cold, rainy weather. Harrison died on April 4, the first President to die in office, making John Tyler the President. Harrison not only gave the longest inauguration speech, he served the shortest term in office.

...in 1980, President Jimmy Carter wrote a letter to the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) to propose that the 1980 Summer Olympics be moved from Moscow, the host city, if the Soviet Union did not remove troops from Afghanistan within 30 days. "It’s very important for the world to realize how serious a threat the Soviets’ invasion of Afghanistan is," Carter wrote, and threatened that the US would boycott the Olympics. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) replied by saying a move was impossible and as promised, the USOC voted to boycott the events. The boycott devastated the hopes of American athletes, especially when Carter promised to revoke the passports of any athlete who went on their own. Lord Killanin of the IOC said the boycott was an American violation of the Olympic charter, and that the only way the games could be taken from Moscow was if the Soviets breached the contract first. The United States was one of 60 countries to boycott the Olympics, however, many countries turned a blind eye to their citizen-athletes individual participation. As you might expect, the Soviet athletes dominated the games. Four years later, the Soviets returned the favor by boycotting the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles, citing a fear for their athlete's safety in a clearly anti-communist environment. (The "anti-communist environment didn't stop the Chinese, who attended their first games in 32 years.) The entire boycott issue was an embarrassment, it changed nothing and served to disappoint a generation of athletes. It remains a black mark on the legacy of President Carter.

...in 1981, the Iranian Hostage Crisis came to an end, with the hostages being released within five minutes of the inauguration of Ronald Reagan. The timing of the release brought charges from some that President-Elect Reagan had sent a secret team of negotiators to Teheran to secure the release of the hostages on Reagan's watch and not President Jimmy Carter's. No proof of the allegations has ever been found, and it is more likely that the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini feared the new President as a cowboy and an unknown commodity. For more about how the crisis began, see the Morning Update, January 16 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-january-16-2009-a-48433/).

...in 1981, Ronald Reagan became the 40th President of the United States. The Illinois native moved to California in the 1930's. (Reagan's boyhood home, in Dixon, Illinois, has been restored and is open for tours.) He always considered himself a western spirit. Reagan had some success as an actor, including the part of George Gipp in Knute Rockne, All American where he uttered the immortal line, "Win one for the Gipper." (The line was voted #89 in the AFI's list of Top 100 movie quotes.) He usually played good guys, in both movies and in the new medium of television in the 1950's. Reagan started out as a New Deal Democrat but by the 1950's, he had become disillusioned and became a staunch conservative. He was elected president of the Screen Actors Guild for 1947-1952 and again in 1959-60. From there, he was elected Governor of California for two terms from 1967-75 where he developed a national awareness that helped him to the Presidency in 1980. To the annoyance of his opponents, he lowered taxes and turned a weak economy into a roaring economy. After a long bout with Alzheimer's, Ronald Reagan passed away on June 5, 2004.

...in 1989, George H.W. Bush was inaugurated as President. Ronald Reagan became the first President since 1840 to be elected in a year ending in zero and survive his term. Presidents William Henry Harrison (1840) Abraham Lincoln (1860) James Garfield (1880) William McKinley (1900) Warren G. Harding (1920) Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1940) and John F Kennedy (1960) did not live out their terms. Harrison died of pneumonia, Harding died of a heart attack and FDR died of a cerebral hemorrhage. The other four died at the hand of an assassin.

...in 2009, George W. Bush becomes the second President elected in a zero year, since 1840, to leave the office of President alive. Barack Hussein Obama becomes the first African-American President.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 123 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1981, in his first day in office, President Jimmy Carter fulfilled one campaign promise when he granted an unconditional pardon to American draft-dodgers who moved abroad to avoid being called to duty. It is believed that 100,000 Americans went overseas, 90% of them went to Canada. Even after the pardon, many remained there, estimated to be 50,000, pushing Canada's government decidedly to the left. The pardon was controversial at the time, coming under fire from veteran's groups for happening at all, and from amnesty groups claiming it didn't go far enough. Carter's pardon remains controversial today, and the term "draft-dodger" is still used derisively but doesn't carry the weight it did forty years ago.

...in 1789, the first novel to be published in the United States, written by an American, was printed in Boston on this date. The first edition of The Power of Sympathy or the Triumph of Nature Founded in Truth did not carry the author's name. Later printings credited the novel to Sarah Wentworth Apthorp Morton. Sounds like a non de plume, doesn't it? Historic scholars think so, too, and believe the work was that of William HIll Brown. The novel chronicled the incestuous seduction and suicide of a member of Morton's family.

...in 1959, Carl Dean Switzer died of complications from a gunshot wound, received during a brawl. The death was ruled a justifiable homicide. Switzer was better known as "Alfalfa," from the old Hal Roach Our Gang shorts. His career in films did not progress well after the series ended because he was forever typecast as the off-key singer with the strange cowlick. He made a cameo in the Crosby-Kaye feature White Christmas as the brother of the Haynes sisters (Rosemary Clooney and Vera Ellen) but he appeared only as a photograph. He also had a reputatation of being difficult to work with and had a record of pulling cruel practical jokes on the set.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2d/Ogfolliesof38.jpg/200px-Ogfolliesof38.jpg
The Our Gang 1938 short,
Follies of 1938 with
Spanky McFarland, Darla Hood and Alfalfa Switzer.

...in 1863, Adam Opel opened a factory in Rüsselheim, Germany to make household products, most notably sewing machines and bicycles. Adam died in 1895, but his five sons continued the business. In 1898, they acquired the rights to build an automobile and in 1902 they build Opel bodies on a French chassis, but by 1906, they were building their own designs. The Opel family was one of the first in Europe to adopt the moving assembly line and by 1913, was the largest car maker in Germany. In 1929, General Motors bought 80% of the operation and the other 20% in 1931.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Opel_GT%2C_Bj._1973_am_16.07.2006.jpg/250px-Opel_GT%2C_Bj._1973_am_16.07.2006.jpg
The most famous Opel of all, the Opel GT.

...in 1954, General Motors unveils the turbine powered, Firebird XP-21 concept car. Using the novelty of the jet age, the car has wings, a tail stabilizer and even the name came from the series of Air Force experimental craft. The fighter-like car was never intended for production but only for the test track. Chrysler Corporation would also experiment with turbine powered automobiles, and even had a prototype built that could easily be put into production. They never made production, though, turbines do not lend themselves to land-based vehicles because they don't like changes in RPMs, a necessary trait for cars. Incidentally, the first test driver got it up to about 100 mph and stopped because he was afraid of losing control. It was also driven at Indianapolis but it never reached its potential.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/54-Firebird-I_DV-08_PBC_01-2-1.jpg
Firebird XP-21

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 110 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1968, Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In goes on the air as the replacement for NBC's fading The Man From U.N.C.L.E. The irreverent, rapid-fire satirical program was an instant hit and ran for five years at a time when America needed the laughs. The fast paced blend of skits, jokes, inserted one-liners and sight gags launched careers for about 40 wacky comics like Goldie Hawn, Lily Tomlin, Eileen Brennan, Artie Johnson, Ruth Buzzi, Gary Owens, Jo Anne Worley, Alan Sues, Dave Madden, Pigmeat Markham and many more.

Everybody who was anybody in Hollywood wanted to do a guest shot, and regular performers included Johnny Carson, Flip Wilson, Peter Lawford, Tiny Tim, Zsa Zsa Gabor and even John Wayne. Arte Johnson created many memorable characters, including Tyrone F. Horneigh, who was always chasing Ruth Buzzi's Gladys Ormphby.

The show added many a catchphrase to the lexicon, like "the flying fickle finger of fate," and many of the phrases are still with us today. Arte Johnson's Nazi character, Wolfgang, spying on Americans from a potted plant would say, "Verrrrrrry EEEEeeeen-ter-es-ting!" with emphasis on the rolling R sound. "I didn't know that!" which was Martin's oft reply to Rowan, along with, "Easy for you to say!" or "Ohhh, I'll drink to that!" Other catchphrases injected into the script here and there were "Look that up in your Funk & Wagnall's" "Sock it to me," "Go to your room," "Beautiful, downtown Burbank," "One ringy-dingy, two ringy-dingies...is this the person to who I am speaking?" "Now, that's a no-no," "Blow in my ear and I'll follow you anywhere," "You bet your sweet bippy," and "Here come de' judge!" from comic, Pigmeat Markham but popularized by Sammy Davis, Jr. ("Here come de' judge" was also the inspiration for a Pontiac GTO muscle car called "The Judge" with special graphics and paint work.)

There were several recurring gags, including the Farkle Family and another was "If [so-and-so] married [so-and-so] then divorced him and married [so-and-so] she'd be..." some long, drawn out, gag. Like, "If Rosemary Clooney married Regis Toomey, divorced him and married Mickey Rooney, divorced him and married Paul Muni, divorced him and re-married Regis Toomey, she'd be Rosemary Clooney Toomey Rooney Muni Toomey!" Another ongoing gag were films of cast members, in yellow slickers, riding a far-too small tricycle and falling over. It was accompanied by a six-note phrase that went "Do-doo-do-doo-do-doot - WHACK!" as the trike fell over. The same notes were used to cover up off-color punchlines or as a set-up to a particularly bad pun. (Spike Jones used the phrase in his show, years before.)

Laugh-In always wrapped up with the credits running over the joke wall (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZ8Vrvy0VeE), where the company would open doors and stick their heads out to drop a one liner, issue a comeback or get a bucket of water thrown on them. The last slide was accompanied by one person clapping.

Laugh-In has been often imitated but the magic was never equaled.

Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In Montage (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8WIWq3qikXo).
Ringo Star presents Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfBBU8WSYvU&feature=related).
Ernestine ("One ringy-dingy...") gossips with Cher (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uINRNwq_TXQ&feature=related
)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/MV5BMTQ2MjM3MDc2MF5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTc.jpg

...in 1950, The trial of Preston Tucker came to an end with Tucker being exonerated of all 31 charges of fraud that had been leveled against him. Tucker was a successful manufacturer who designed an extraodinary automobile after the war. It featured a rear-mounted aluminum engine, a third headlight that rotated to follow the front wheels, padded dash, and more safety features that Detroit's "Big 3" automakers ignored. He acquired a war surplus building in Chicago for his factory, at the time, the largest area under one roof in the world. The factory built 37 cars before it was shut down because of 31 federal charges of mail and stock fraud leveled against him. While he was fighting the charges, the factory closed. In the mean time, his supporters used parts to build more cars, four were wrecked and 47 are known to exist. Some speculate that Tucker was brought down by the Big 3, but that is an urban myth. The 1948 Tucker uses parts from Ford, General Motors and Kaiser and the theory is that the Big 3 wanted him to survive, banking on the company eventually failing so they could buy the remains at pennies on the dollar and get the big factory building. No one knows for sure.

Personal note: A few years ago, I met the man who was Tucker's accountant. He asked if I saw the Jeff Bridges film, Tucker to which I said, "Yes." He shrugged and said, "Some of it was true." We talked about the cars that were built by the factory and others that were assembled from parts after the factory closed. We also discussed a controversial 52nd car, a 1949 factory prototype.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Trucker_Car.jpg/300px-Trucker_Car.jpg
A 1948 Tucker Torpedo at the Blackhawk Auto Museum

...in 1973, the Supreme Court handed down a decision in the case titled Roe v. Wade that made abortion a legal procedure in the United States. While the issue of abortion being legal or illegal was hotly contested for decades, but since the Roe v. Wade decision, it has become a polarizing issue. It is often incorrectly boiled down to be a Republican vs. Democrat issue when, in fact, it is a deeply personal issue. The fight over criminalization of the procedure has become very fierce with nastiness on both sides of the issue. (Note: This post only commemorates the court decision. This is NOT the correct forum for debate of this issue so please, do not post your opinions here.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 104 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1957, injection mold machines at the Wham-O company began to produce one of the all-time most popular toys - an aerodynamic plastic hub cap, called the Frisbee. The original flying disk came from Bridgeport, Connecticut where the William Frisbie Pie Company was popular with university students who would toss the empty pie tins and yell, "FRISBIE!" when doing so. Walter Frederick Morrison was an inventor and son of an inventor (his father, , invented the sealed-beam headlight) patented a plastic flying dish, modeled after the Frisbie Pie plate. He called it the Pluto Platter in an attempt to cash in on America's UFO craze. Morrison sold it to Rich Knerr and Spud Melin, who had founded the Wham-O Company in 1948 to sell a sling-shot used to launch meat to predator birds. (The name came from their description of the sound made by game birds when they hit the flying meat chunks.) Wham-O was also the company behind the Hula-Hoop, Superball, Slip-n-Slide and many other favorites you might have had as a kid.

http://z.about.com/d/inventors/1/0/P/5/frisbee1.jpg
The inspiration for the Frisbee
was a pie tin. Frisbie's name was
misspelled by Wham-O.

...in 1968, the USN intelligence vessel, the USS Pueblo was fired upon and captured by North Korean forces. The Pueblo was outside the 16 mile limit in international waters, but the North Koreans claimed the ship was in their territorial waters. The 83 man crew was blindfolded, bound and frog-marched to Pyongyang where they were indicted for spying. There were the usual beatings and coercions, the North Koreans even broadcast a video back to the United States with members of the Pueblo's crew stating confessions, while inserting sarcasm and gesturing with their middle fingers, which the North Koreans didn't understand. (When they did figure it out, the beatings began in earnest.) Eventually, the American and North Korean governments settled their differences and the crew members were released, eactly 11 months later. In April of 1969, a North Korean MiG shot down a navy intelligence plane, killing all 31 crew members.

...in 1912, the Aermore Manufacturing Company in Chicago received a patent for the Aermore Exhaust Horn. It was a four note whistle that played a well tuned chord, and it was very, very loud. The way it works: a valve is mounted between the exhaust manifold and the exhaust pipe. The valve has a butterfly that allows exhaust to flow normally until it's closed. Exhaust is deflected through the whistle, sounding the horn, much the way a diesel horn or steamboat whistle works.

http://users.erols.com/b-dwheeler/aermore2.jpg
The Aermore Exhaust Horn

...in 1849, Geneva College in New York graduated a doctor named Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman to be recognized as a physician in the United States. She was born in England but came to the US as a girl. With her sister, Emily (also a physician) she opened the New York Infirmary for Women and Children. She returned to England where she became a professor of gynecology, a discipline she helped establish.

That's it. That's all we know as of 4:31 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 106 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1860, Etienne Lenoir converted a steam engine to run on coal gas with an electric spark, the first internal combustion engine. Most of his engines were used in stationary applications, such as pumps, but in 1862, he built a crude, self-powered vehicle, the first automobile.

...in 1924, Henry Ford was looking for a suitable location to harvest wood for car bodies. His cousin was married to a man named Edward G. Kingsford who lived in Michigan, close to Iron Mountain and the Wisconsin state line. He arranged for Henry to purchase upwards of 400,000 acres of forest land in the UP. Ford founded the village Kingsford, then Ford Motor Company built a sawmill and a parts facility near the sleepy town. Henry planned the community and built homes for the mill hands and their families. A chemical plant was also built, as Henry Ford wrung every last cent out of a resource, as sawdust and other byproducts were used to create even more products. The most famous product was Ford Charcoal Briquettes. In 1951, with the end of wood being used in car bodies, Ford closed the sawmill and sold the chemical plant to local investors. They continued to sell charcoal but under the name of Kingsford, a household name during barbeque season. (The plant was closed in 1961 and was relocated to Louisville, Kentucky.) The local high school team name is the Flivvers in honor of the Model T Ford. Local landmarks also bear the Ford name, including the airport, a dam, a park and the hospital.

http://www.kingsford.org/khsweb/images/header.gifhttp://www.kingsford.org/khsweb/images/Flivver-animation.gif

http://fordcenter.mtu.edu/museum/picture1%5B1%5D.jpg
The Henry Ford planned community
including a sawmill, powerhouse and homes
built for the mill hands. Today it is part of
Michigan Tech University.

...in 1848, James Marshall discovered gold near the bank of Sutter's Creek in northern California. The find would forever alter the history of California and the United States. John Augustus Sutter had come to Mexican California in 1839 to build a utopian community. He induced indigents to do most of his work, treating them as little more than slaves. He hired Marshall to build a sawmill. Marshall redirected the creek to power the mill, and flashes in the sunlight led him to investigate. He showed the gold to Sutter, who in turn, had an assayer confirm that it was, indeed, gold. Sutter tried to gather up all he could and wished to keep his find quiet, but within weeks, the gold rush was on. Prospectors overran Sutter's land, killed his livestock for food and trampled his crops. He died nearly broke, despite being the man who inadvertently started the gold rush that would forever bear his name.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Sutters_Mill.jpg
Sutter's Mill in 1850. That's James Marshall in the foreground, the guy who started it all.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 106 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1860, Etienne Lenoir converted a steam engine to run on coal gas with an electric spark, the first internal combustion engine. Most of his engines were used in stationary applications, such as pumps, but in 1862, he built a crude, self-powered vehicle, the first automobile.

...in 1924, Henry Ford was looking for a suitable location to harvest wood for car bodies. His cousin was married to a man named Edward G. Kingsford who lived in Michigan, close to Iron Mountain and the Wisconsin state line. He arranged for Henry to purchase upwards of 400,000 acres of forest land in the UP. Ford founded the village Kingsford, then Ford Motor Company built a sawmill and a parts facility near the sleepy town. Henry planned the community and built homes for the mill hands and their families. A chemical plant was also built, as Henry Ford every last cent out of resource, as sawdust and other byproducts were used to create even more products. The most famous product was Ford Charcoal Briquettes. In 1951, with the end of wood being used in car bodies, Ford closed the sawmill and sold the chemical plant to local investors. They continued to sell charcoal but under the name of Kingsford, a household name during barbeque season. (The plant was closed in 1961 and was relocated to Louisville, Kentucky.) The local high school team name is the Flivvers in honor of the Model T Ford. Local landmarks also bear the Ford name, including the airport, a dam, a park and the hospital.

http://www.kingsford.org/khsweb/images/header.gifhttp://www.kingsford.org/khsweb/images/Flivver-animation.gif

http://fordcenter.mtu.edu/museum/picture1%5B1%5D.jpg
The Henry Ford planned community
including a sawmill, powerhouse and homes
built for the mill hands. Today it is part of
Michigan Tech University.

...in 1848, James Marshall discovered gold near the bank of Sutter's Creek in northern California. The find would forever alter the history of California and the United States. John Augustus Sutter had come to Mexican California in 1839 to build a utopian community. He induced indigents to do most of his work, treating them as little more than slaves. He hired Marshall to build a sawmill. Marshall redirected the creek to power the mill, and flashes in the sunlight led him to investigate. He showed the gold to Sutter, who in turn, had an assayer confirm that it was, indeed, gold. Sutter tried to gather up all he could and wished to keep his find quiet, but within weeks, the gold rush was on. Prospectors overran Sutter's land, killed his livestock for food and trampled his crops. He died nearly broke, despite being the man who inadvertently started the gold rush that would forever bear his name.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Sutters_Mill.jpg
Sutter's Mill in 1850. That's James Marshall in the foreground, the guy who started it all.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 103 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1776, the Continental Congress authorized the first national memorial, for Brigadier General Richard Montgomery. Montgomery, along with Benedict Arnold, led an assault on Quebec on December 31, 1775 where Montgomery was killed in action, the first American general to die in battle. The monument was commissioned to Benjamin Franklin, who hired French sculptor, Jean Jaques Caffieri to design the monument. Caffieri was the personal sculptor to King Louis XV. The monument arrived in 1778, and stayed in North Carolina until it was placed in the portico of St. Paul's Chapel in New York. Montgomery's body was disinterred from Quebec and moved to the St. Paul's in 1818.

http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1331/544976785_7f7af8678c.jpg?v=]

...in 1926, Central Casting Corporation opened in Hollywood, providing extras for films. In 1929, there were over 17,000 extras listed with the service. The corporation was a joint venture between the studios and remained so, until it was acquired by private owners in 1976. So now you know who the exec was talking about when he said, "Call Central Casting."

...in 1924, the first Winter Olympics opened in the French Alps at Chamonix. There were 14 events, including a ski jump, bobsled, downhill, curling, figure skating, hockey, speed skating and cross country skiing. Eleven year old Sonja Henie participated in figure skating, placing dead last, but was very popular with the crowd. The modern Olympics began in 1896 and there were winter games held in Sweden, but only the Scandinavians participated. The International Olympic Committee proposed Winter Games in 1911, but Sweden did not want to risk messing up the Nordic games, between that and World War I, the Winter Olympics were put on hold until 1925 when the games were created. Retroactively, the IOC made Chamonix the first Olympiad.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d0/1924w.jpg

...in 1960, the Payola scandal broke when the National Association of Broadcasters proposed that disc jockies, who accepted bribes from record labels to give certain records more airtime, would be fined and sent to prison for one year. Disc jockey Alan Freed (he coined the term "rock 'n' roll") was arrested with seven others on suspicion of commercial bribery. Freed worked out a deal and only paid a fine. When television took over drama that had formerly been on radio, the vacuum was quickly filled by stations playing records and soon, the Top 40 became the favorite format. While some DJ's thought of cash from labels the same as a tip for a head waiter to get a table, ASCAP and NAB thought otherwise, especially when it became evident that some DJ's wouldn't play a record at all without a bribe. Congress amended the Communications Act of 1934 to outlaw the practice.

...in 1995, the Russian early-warning radar system detected a missile launch near Norway. Russian military command determined that the missile could be only minutes away from Moscow. Immediately, Boris Yeltsin, the Minister of Defense and the chief of staff were informed and the nuclear command switched to combat mode. The nuclear systems were activated for the first time in Russian history. Five minutes after the launch was detected, it was determined that an impact solution was outside the Russian borders. After three more minutes, it was determined that the missile was not part of a surprise Western submarine attack. This conclusion was reached just minutes before a decision would have been made that would have launched a full retaliatory strike. It turns out that Norway launched a missile carrying scientific instrumentation. Norway had notified 35 countries, including Russia, the exact details of the launch. Russia's defense ministry had received the notification but neglected to pass the information along - coming just that close to nuclear annihilation of the world.

...in 1890, Nellie Bly, a journalist from the New York world, arrived after circumnavigating the globe, following the route of Phileas Fogg in Jules Vernes' Around The World in 80 Days. She beat his time by eight days and set a new world's record by completing her 24,899 mile journey in seventy-two days, six hours, eleven minutes and fourteen seconds. (Her time would be beaten just a few moths later.) In 1894, she married a millionaire industrialist named Robert Seaman, 42 years her senior. She retired from journalism and became president of Iron Clad Manufacturing, making steel containers like milk cans and boilers. In 1904, she invented and patented a 55 gallon steel drum, still in wide use in the United States. Her company went bankrupt, however, and she went back into reporting to cover World War I and women's suffrage. Nellie Bly died in 1922 at the age of 57. Even with all her accomplishments, she is most widely remembered for beating Phileas Fogg as his own game.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Nelliebly.jpg/200px-Nelliebly.jpg
Nellie Bly, wearing her traveling
clothes, during her 1889-1890 trip.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 103 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1934, Samuel Goldwyn of MGM purchased the film rights to the great American fairytale, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz from the estate of L. Frank Baum. The book was published in 1900, L. Fran Baum died in 1919 and another author had continued the series. Goldwyn had envisioned Shirley Temple in the part of Dorothy, and even though Judy Garland won the part on the strength of her singing voice, original scenes were shot of Garland in a blonde wig. Thankfully, a different director took over and restored Dorothy to Garland's natural beauty. The movie ran into lots of problems, not the least of which was Buddy Ebsen being replaced in his role as The Tin Man because of his reaction to the aluminum makeup required by the part. The aluminum powder got into his lungs and almost killed him. The movie varies from Baum's original story (the silver shoes were changed to ruby because of Technicolor and Dorothy is a much stronger character in the book) but even after dropping several subplots, the movie mostly follows the story line. The film premiered in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin on August 12, 1939, it is ranked #6 on the AFI Top 100 Films list and the Wicked Witch of the West is #4 on the list of AFI's Top 100 Villains. Baum's story, and the movie, inspired Gregory McGuire's popular novel Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West which was made into the immensely popular Broadway musical, Wicked (http://www.wickedthemusical.com/).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e0/MargaretHamiltoninTheWizardOfOz.jpg
Margaret Hamilton, who loved children, spent
the rest of her life trying to explain that she only
played a character in a movie and was not really
the wicked person who scared them.

...in 1920, Henry Leyland incorporated the Lincoln Motor Car Company. Just two years later, the foundering company would be acquired by Ford Motor Company in a fit of irony. In 1903, Henry Leyland fired Henry Ford from the failing Henry Ford Company and changed it to Cadillac. In 1922, Henry Ford fired Henry Leyland from Lincoln, and turned it into one of the premier luxury automobile builders in the world.

http://i210.photobucket.com/albums/bb315/chefann1138/Cars/66conv2.jpg
Lincolns remain gorgeous automobiles. You might recognize this lovely
1966 Lincoln as one of The Cars of Chef Success (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/cars-chef-success-30262/).

...in 1788, Captain Arthur Phillip landed his fleet of 11 ships in what would someday become Sydney Harbor, founding the colony of New South Wales. Eventually, the land that started as a penal colony would be named Australia. Phillip's fleet had about 1000 men aboard, 700 of whom were convicts. England had more prisoners than prisons, so these convicts were repatriated to New South Wales. It took until about the turn of the 19th Century to make the colony prosperous, and in 1808. the colonists began to celebrate First Landing Day. Today, "Australia Day" is a day of celebration for the founding of the colony while it is a day of mourning, called "Invasion Day" by the Aborigines who lost their native land to the colonists.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Lotto_Skyworks_Applecross.jpg/180px-Lotto_Skyworks_Applecross.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Australiadayprotest.jpg/180px-Australiadayprotest.jpg
Australians call it Australia Day, Aborigines call it Invasion Day

...in 1961, President John F. Kennedy appointed Dr. Janet Travell as his personal physician. She was the first woman to hold the post. Dr. Travell had been treating Kennedy for a long time, helping him to manage the severe pain that he was always in, and to help him mask it so that on one knew. One of her recommendations was for him to use a rocking chair. When photos were released of the President rocking in the Oval Office, sale of rocking chairs skyrocketed.

http://www.gwu.edu/gelman/archives/exhibits/travell/online/portrait.jpg
"Life is like a bicycle - you don't fall off until you stop pedaling...It is better to wear out than to rust out, so keep pedaling." --Dr. Janet Travell

And when it comes to powerful women in politics...

...in 2005, President George W. Bush appointed Dr. Condoleezza Rice to be Secretary of State, the highest ranking African-American woman ever in a Presidentail cabinet. She took over from Colin Powell, the first African-American to serve as the Secretary of State. In addition to being an accomplished concert pianist, Dr. Rice is an expert in Soviet affairs and worked in the Reagan and Bush 41 administrations in state affairs. She was also a professor at Standford University and is currently affiliated with the William Morris Agency.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Condoleezza_Rice_cropped.jpg/225px-Condoleezza_Rice_cropped.jpg
Dr. Condoleezza Rice

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 103 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

January 27 is International Holocaust Remembrance Day, as designated by the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 60/7 on 1st November 2005.

On this date in History...

...in 1945, Soviet troops reached and liberated the most notorious of the Nazi concentration camps, Auschwitz-Birkenau. The largest of the Nazi camps, it was comprised of three separate operations, one designed for the systematic murder of Nazi "undesirables." Rudolph Hess testified at the Nuremberg Trials that up to 3 million people died at Auschwitz, although the figures are difficult to verify as the Nazis destroyed many records as the Red Army approached. It is believed that 90% of the victims of the systemic murder were Jews. Most victims died in gas chambers from Zyklon B gas, but others died from forced starvation, forced labor, disease, executions and "medical" experimentation. Today the complex has been made into a museum and a memorial to those who died, to keep the memory alive, and to ensure this will never happen again.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Birkenau_gate.JPG/300px-Birkenau_gate.JPG
The Main Gate of Auschwitz, ca. 2006

...in 1943, an actor was assigned to the Army's First Motion Picture Unit. After his assignment with the Army Air Corps, he would go on to some fame in movies and television, then later to some political success. His name? First Lieutenant Ronald Reagan. He was the narrator of a film called Air Force that would win an Oscar for best short subject. Reagan would narrate or star in three more movies for the Army, and he also starred as Johnny Jones in This is the Army that also featured Irving Berlin singing his own song, Oh, How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71smG5d29to).

...in 1967, a fire in command module CM-012, later known as Apollo I, killed astronauts Virgil "Gus" Grissom, Edward H. White II, and Roger B. Chafee. The astronauts were simulating the launch of AS-204 (Apollo-Saturn) in the capsule atop of a Saturn 1B rocket on Launch Complex 34, Cape Canaveral, which was then known as Cape Kennedy. The three astronauts were the first to perish in an American space vehicle. While failure analysis has never really found a cause of the fire, it is believed that a faulty wire ignited the pure oxygen atmosphere inside the capsule. Proect Apollo was the third step in achieving President John Kennedy's goal of successfully landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to earth by the end of the 1960s. Project Mercury was the first step, used to achieve solo manned space flight and orbiting skill. Project Gemini, with two crewmen in each capsule, was the next step in order to practice docking in orbit. Project Apollo put three men into a capsule to ultimately fly to the moon, land, and return to earth. While the tragedy of Apollo I set the space program back, it demonstrated the need to redesign the Apollo Command Module to increase safety and to modify procedures. On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first man to set foot on the moon.

Memorials: Three schools in Huntsville, Alabama are named for the three astronauts, Virgil I. Grissom High School, Ed White Middle School, and Roger B. Chaffee Elementary. Launch Complex 34 was later used for Apollo 7, but then dismantled and has never been used again. The concrete launch platform exists with a memorial that reads, "In memory of those who made the ultimate sacrifice so others could reach for the stars; Ad astra per aspera (a rough road leads to the stars); God speed to the crew of Apollo 1". The site is a stop on a special tour for those who wish to visit the older launch sites on the cape. Grissom Joint Air Reserve Base is located near Peru, Indiana.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Apollo1-Crew_01.jpg/200px-Apollo1-Crew_01.jpg
Grissom, White and Chaffee

...in 1943, the 8th Army Air Force penetrated German air space for the first time in WWII to make a daring daylight bombing raid on German U-Boat construction yards in Wilhelmshafen. Regular bombing missions began on August 17, 1942 by American planes based in Great Britain, the first against the rail yards in Touen-Sotteville. Most runs were against German operations in the Netherlands, Belgium and France, including air bases and submarine pens along the coast of France. The AAF was short of aircraft and short of trained crews. By the end of 1942, that was changing. General "Hap" Arnold also asked for reconfiguration of the B-17 Flying Fortress to include more machine guns in the front of the aircraft to battle the Luftwaffe interceptors. With more firepower, General Arnold also devised a different formation that allowed better defense against the German fighters. On January 27, 1943, ninety one B-17s and B-24s flew into Germany. Due to weather conditions, only 53 bombers actually dropped bombs on the target, but the mission demonstrated that the AAF was determined to attack Germany directly and to strike vital manufacturing operations.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/57/B-17-231503-bassingborne.jpg/180px-B-17-231503-bassingborne.jpg
The B-17 Flying Fortress
had a well-deserved reputation
for staying in the air even
after taking heavy damage.

...in 1976, a spin-off of the popular Happy Days franchise premiered. Laverne and Shirley featured two women who worked in the Schotz Brewery in Milwaukee, a thinly veiled reference to the Schlitz brewery. The show starred the producer's sister, Penny Marshall, along with Cindy Williams. The show jumped the shark when the location was moved to California, shortly afterward, Williams left the cast. The show was immensely popular and while it remains popular in reruns, many Milwaukee residents aren't so fond of the way the sitcom portrayed the city. There are no brownstones in Milwaukee and one of the primary characters speaks with a clearly east coast accent, along with some rather demeaning stereotypes of beer, breweries and bowling. (Historical trivia: Gerhard Schott opened a brewery in 1855 in Highland, Illinois, the Schott Brewing Company. It closed in 1949.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[Kathytnt]

Kitchen Guy - You are amazing that you have kept this thread going! Thank you!

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 106 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1986, the Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrated 73 seconds after launch, right after a scheduled power-up. All seven members of the crew perished. The failure, at launch, of an o-ring seal in the starboard solid rocket booster caused a breach that allowed a plume of hot gas to escape, impacting the booter's mounting hardware, which caused a structural failure in an external fuel tank. The tank's failure caused dumping of the entire load of liquid hydrogen fuel which was immediately ignited by the many flames that were present. The massive explosion broke up the orbiter. It is possible that the crew actually survived the explosion but perished on the impact with the surface of the Atlantic Ocean. No one knows for sure. All but a few pieces of the orbiter were recovered from the ocean floor and the remains of the seven astronauts are interred at Arlington National Cemetery with an appropriate monument. The disaster put the shuttle program on hold for nearly 3 years while the cause of the explosion was determined and corrected.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg/220px-Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Challenger_explosion.jpg/220px-Challenger_explosion.jpg
Left, the crew of Challenger Right, the plume after the explosion.
Front: Michael J. Smith,
Dick Scobee, Ronald McNair;
Back: Ellison Onizuka,
Christa McAuliffe, Gregory Jarvis, Judith Resnik

President Ronald Reagan postponed the State of the Union Address and made a presentation about the disaster from the Oval Office, written by Peggy Noonan. The address ended with quotes taken from the poem High Flight by John Gillespie Magee, Jr. "We will never forget them, nor the last time we saw them, this morning, as they prepared for their journey and waved goodbye and 'slipped the surly bonds of Earth' to 'touch the face of God.'" The next school built in Huntsville, Alabama, a city with deep ties to NASA, was named Challenger Middle School.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Reagan_Challenger.jpg/140px-Reagan_Challenger.jpg
President Ronald Reagan addresses a
nation in mourning after the disaster.

...in 1938, Rudolph Caracciola set a world land-speed record (although it wasn't recognized by many sanctioning bodies) of 268.496 MPH on the German Autobahn. It remains the highest speed ever recorded on a public highway. No, don't even think of trying to beat it on I-70 in Kansas because later on this same day, Bernd Rosemeyer died in a crash on the Autobahn trying to break Caracciola's record.

...in 1964, the Soviet Union shot down an American jet that accidentally strayed into East German airspace. Three American officers were killed in the incident. The Soviets claimed they had acted properly and that the overflight was a gross provocation. According to the US military, the flight was a training mission and the three officers became disoriented by a violent storm and they simply lost their way. The incident was a grim reminder of the game of brinkmanship being played by both countries. The US was still stinging over the Soviets shooting down a U-2 spy plane in 1960 over the Soviet Union. The wreckage was recovered and the pilot, Francis Gary Powers, was held prisoner after that event. East German authoities did allow the US to recover the wreckage and bodies from this incident, however.

...in 1959, the Green Bay Packers signed a New York Giant's assistant coach to a five year contract as head coach and general manager. Vince Lombardi would lead the team to six NFL Championship games, winning five of them. The Packers had gone 1-10-1 in 1958, leading one sportswriter to quip, "The Packers overwhelmed one opponent, underwhelmed ten, and whelmed one." Lombardi led the team to a 7-5 record in 1959 and a third place finish. In 1960, the team lost the championship game to the Philadelphia Eagles, 17-13 but in 1961, the Packers clobbered the Giants in the championship, 37-0 and repeated in 1962, again beating the Giants. Lombardi would lead the team to three consecutive NFL titles in 1965, 1966 and in 1967, winning the famous "Ice Bowl." Lombardi would lead the Packers to victories in the first two AFL-NFL Championship Games, later renamed Super Bowl I and Super Bowl II. See Morning Update, December 31, 2008 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-december-31-2008-a-47924/) for more about the Ice Bowl. Lombardi retired but couldn't stand it, and took the head coaching job with the Washington Redskins, where he again turned a loser around to a winning season. He died of colon cancer the following year with a record of 105-35-6 and no losing seasons. He was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1971 and the Super Bowl trophy was renamed in his honor. Lombardi changed the face of football forever in the 1960's and was the face of NFL football in those heady days. He also introduced the concept of zone blocking with the back expected to run to what ever hole was created, as he called it, "Run to daylight." He also introduced the Green Bay Power Sweep, a running play where the guards pulled out of position and ran interference down the field, ahead of the back. A native New Yorker, there is a Lombardi Square in Brooklyn along with a Vince Lombardi Boulevard, a Lombardi Service Area on the New Jersey Turnpike and, of course, Lambeau Field in Green Bay is on Lombardi Avenue.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Sports/photo10.jpg
Coach Lombardi being carried out on the shoulders
of a grateful team after the 1962 NFL Championship
victory in New York. Coach is sitting on the shoulder of
Forrest Gregg and that's Jerry Kramer Coach is smiling at.
Kramer would go on to make the block that allowed
Bart Starr to sneak into the endzone and win Lombardi's
fifth NFL Championship in the 1967 "Ice Bowl."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Kitchen Guy - You are amazing that you have kept this thread going! Thank you!

My pleasure, Kathy, and I'm pleased to know that someone besides me is following it.

[lmonninger]

its a terrable thing to have happen to anyone I know everyone is hopeing for the best that she's still alive out there, but what I hear from other reports of missing people if they have not heard form them or can't find them with in 2 weeks then they are probaly dead.
My Unchle works for the Riverside Police Dept and he's seen alot of cases like this.
I hope she's alive.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 125 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1936, the Baseball Hall of Fame came into existence as it announced the charter members of the Hall, Ty Cobb, Babe Ruth, Honus Wagner, Christy Mathewson and Walter Johnson. The idea for the HOF and museum ws hatched in Cooperstown by members of the Clark Foundation, looking for a way to revitalize Cooperstown in the midst of the Great Depression. (The Clark family dominates the Cooperstown area, the source of their funding was owning half of the Singer Sewing Machine Co. generations ago.) Since the game of baseball purportedly originated in Cooperstown, what better place for a HOF, and as for a baseball museum, what better place than the "Village of Museums?" (Besides baseball, Cooperstown is home the Fenimore Art Museum, the Farmers' Museum, Glimmerglass Opera and the New York State Historical Association. There were three other musuem there that have closed.) Cobb was a productive hitter who had nine consecutive AL batting titles from 1907 to 1915. Ruth was an overpowering pitcher who also hit a few home runs. Wagner was great shortstop with eight NL batting titles and he was the first player to have 3,000 career hits. Mathewson pitched more winning games than any other NL pitcher and Johnson was a powerful pitcher who held the strikeout record at the time of his induction. All but Mathewson, who died in 1925, were at the induction ceremony, held June 12, 1939, along with 21 others who were elected to the HOF in 1937, '38 and '39.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Plaque_first.jpg/250px-Plaque_first.jpg
The First Class of Inductees

...in 1891, following the death of King Kalakaua, Liliuokalani became Queen Liliuokalani, the last Hawaiian monarch. Hawaii was settled by Polyniesian explorers in probably the eigth century but after discovery of Hawaii's plantation potenital in the 19th Century, it was pretty much overrun with American business interests. A revolution (of sorts) took place in 1887, under pressure from those interests, King Kalakaua had signed a new constitution. It stripped him of much of his power, it stripped voting rights from all Asians and disenfranchised poor Native Hawaiians and other citizens by imposing income and wealth requirements for voting. putting power in the hands of the wealthy Americans. Queen Liliuokalani threw it out and restored the old constitution, setting the Americans on a plot to take over. A "Comittee of Safety" was formed, organized by Sanford B. Dole, a Hawaiian born American and lawyer. (What a surprise.) His cousin James was that Dole, the Dole of pinapple fame. Sanford Dole deposed Queen Liliuokalani by staging a coup with the support of the US Minister John Stevens and a company of US Marines. The members of the coup declared Hawaii and republic with Dole as the first president. Stevens immediately recognized the new government as official (without approval from the mainland) and declared Hawaii a US Protectorate. When President McKinley declared Hawaii a territory, he appointed Dole (surprise surprise) its first governor. Hawaii became a state in 1959, and in 1993, President Bill Clinton signed an apology for overthrowing the monarchy of Hawaii, the first time the US ever apologized for overthrowing a sitting government.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Liliuokalani.jpg
Queen Liliuokalani

...in 1989, Malcom Bricklin, who had foisted the Bricklin sportscar on an unsuspecting public, then decided to bring a cheap car into the country and began to import the Yugo. The operation went broke on this day in 1989. The design of the Yugo was basically a Fiat (under license) and was assembled in Soviet Yugoslavia by Zastava. The car has been described as feeling like it was built at gunpoint. The rear window defroster was there to keep your hands warm when you pushed it. The end started when two guys were arrested in Chicago after a description of their Yugo after a push-by shooting. Actually, the end started with the Soviet Union falling apart. Zastava also built arms, and NATO bombed the Yugo plant when they wanted to bomb the arms plant. Oops. The Yugo continued to be built in post-Soviet Bosnia, in fact, the last Yugo was built on November 11, 2008. In many markets, the poor reliability didn't matter because it was so cheap to fix - sort-of a Soviet Model T. At least, that's what it was supposed to be, but America had enough of that 80 years earlier.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f7/Yugo-US-poster.jpg/300px-Yugo-US-poster.jpg

...in 1845, "Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary, Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore..." was published in the New York Evening Mirror. Edgar Allen Poe was born in Boston in 1809 and was orphaned at the age of 3. He went to live with family and bounced through many schools in England and New England. His first poems were published anonymously, because he was in the military at the time, in 1827. The Raven was published in 1845 and was typical of the macbre material that he wrote, probably influenced by his rather macrabre unbringing. In 1833, he won first prize in a competition in The Baltimore Sun. Still, it was The Raven that made him famous and it remains one of the most famous poems ever written.

http://www.findagrave.com/photos/2004/265/822_109585749800.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 123 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1933, President Paul von Hindenburg named Adolph HItler, der Führer ("the Leader") of the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei ("National Socialist German Workers Party" commonly shortened to "Nazi") as the Chancellor of Germany. Does any of this story sound familiar??? Hitler came from nowhere, his meteoric rise to prominence came largely on the frustration of the German populace saddled with rampant inflation, economic depression, the loss of the War to End All Wars and the overly harsh terms imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles. A captivating speaker, Hitler channeled discontent into support for his Nazi party. In the election of 1932, the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei won 230 seats in the Reichstag, and together with the second largest party, the Communists, the two parties had control of the Reichstag. (The German equivalent of Congress.) It was a turning point for Germany, as the Nazi philosophy was the failure of democracy and the failure of market-driven Laissez-faire capitalism. In addition, the party claimed the purity of the German people was being compromised and certain members of society were not worthy of living, Jews, homosexuals, mentally disabled, communists, Roma ("gypsies") Russians and Poles. (These people were targets of the Holocaust.) The crown jewel in Hitler's plan was Lebensraum, the concept that German people needed "living space" to justify his territorial aggression. (The concept was not new, Friedrich Ratzel suggested lebensraum in 1897, based on the French and English models of colonialism.) After becoming chancellor in 1933, the wheels of Hitler's plan began to roll, ultimately leading to World War II.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Hitler_portrait_crop.jpg/225px-Hitler_portrait_crop.jpg
Alois Schiklgruber
Would YOU buy a used car from this man?

...in 1948, Kohandes Karamchand Gandhi, the leader of the independence movement in India, was assassinated by a Hindu fanatic in New Delhi. Gandhi's protests of non-violence were admired around the world, and he not only worked for Indian independence but also worked for peace between Hindu and Muslim people. He was shot and killed by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu who objected to Gandhi's tolerance of the Muslims. He was known as "Mahatma" ("The Great Soul") during his lifetime and his peaceful ways influenced civil rights leaders around the world, including Martin Luther King, Jr.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Portrait_Gandhi.jpg/225px-Portrait_Gandhi.jpg
Kohandes Karamchand Gandhi, ca. 1935

...in 1969, the Beatles made their last public performance as a group, an impromptu concert on the roof of Apple Records. Neighbors complained about the noise, police were called, and the concert was shut down.

...in 1933, listeners of Detroit's WXYZ heard, when the appropriate place in the William Tell Overture came up, the yell of "HI-YO, SILVER! AWAAAAAAAAY!" followed by, "A fiery horse with the speed of light, a cloud of dust, and a hearty 'Hi-yo, Silver, away!' The Lone Ranger!" and The Lone Ranger began its run as one of the most popular westerns ever.

The brainchild of WXYZ owner, George Trendle and a writer, Fran Striker, the masked man became one of America's most beloved characters. The paragon of virtue always spoke with perfect grammar and never smoked, chewed, used profanity (or slang) drank alcohol or (one would assume) fraternized with any of his female protectorates. Most importantly, he never shot to kill, supposedly, bullets made of silver demonstrate that silver, like life, is too valuable to waste. Neither Trendle nor Striker had any connection with the old west, in fact, they had no clue what life on the plains was like in the 19th Century.

The Lone Ranger sallied forth on his trusty steed, Silver, and his faithful Indian sidekick, Tonto, the most politically incorrect sidekick in radio, and later, television. Tonto didn't appear until the 12th episode and while he was portrayed as the Ranger's faithful friend, the truth is, he was a dramatic tool necessary so the Ranger had someone to talk to, providing listeners with insight to the story line. Tonto was usually played (on radio) by English actor John Todd and (on television) by Jay Silverheels. He spoke in an accent that didn't have much in common with any known tribe, complete with head-shaking idioms like "That right, Kemo Sabe," "You betchum," or "Him say man ride over ridge on horse." (That must have been one big horse to carry a ridge.) The best one was "Kemo Sabe" which doesn't translate into anything from any Native American language, however, George Trendle grew up in Michigan and there was a Camp Kemo Sabe in the lower peninsula. Just the same, Tonto was a delightfully intelligent sidekick, and the duo seemed to be able to right any wrong in a half hour time slot. While Tonto is derided by many, especially Native Americans who see him as demeaning, the truth is that the Ranger treated Tonto as an equal and the show did dance around the issue of racism in several episodes, with Tonto always coming out above the fray. There were 2,956 episodes of the radio version, the last new episode aired on September 3, 1954. (Incidentally, The Green Hornet was a Lone Ranger spin-off, the story line is that Britt Reid, the Green Hornet, is the Ranger's nephew. The Green Hornet was also created by Fran Striker for WXYZ radio.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/ce/Moore-LoneRanger.jpg
Clayton Moore as The Lone Ranger,
one of ABC Television's most popular
shows, ever.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST./

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 101 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1945, Private Eddie Slovik was executed by firing squad. He was the first soldier to be shot for the crime since the Civil War and the only one during World War II. Eddie Slovik was born in 1920 in Detroit, Michigan. He had several run-ins with the law, at the age of 12 with some other boys, he broke into a foundry and stole some brass to sell to scrappers. He quit school at 15, went to jail in 1937 for petty larceny, was paroled in 1938 but in 1939, he was arrested for grand theft auto after getting drunk, stealing a car and wrecking it. His prison record classified him 4F in the draft, unfit for duty. When personnel needs came high, Slovik was reclassified 1A and was drafted, trained as a rifleman and shipped to Europe to be a replacement - a status not well respected by officers. In his first action, he took cover from an artilery attack and got separated from his outfit. He hooked up with a Canadian MP unit, and was reunited with Company G, 28 days later. The next day, he deserted. He came back the next day, but signed a statement that he would desert again, rather than face the perils of battle. His CO, lawyers and others urged him to recant and report for duty, but he refused. The court marshall found him guilty and sentenced him to death by firing squad. Appeals went all the way to General Eisenhower, who was embroiled in the Battle of the Bulge. 71 American POWs had just been murdered by the SS, and Eisenhower had no sympathy for someone afraid to fight, and did not commute the sentence. No one in the firing squad flinched, nor had any regrets. Slovik's wife, Antoinette, spent the rest of her life trying to receive a Presidential Pardon for her husband but none ever came. She died in 1979. He was executed near the village of Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines and buried at Fere-en-Tardenois with 96 other soldiers executed for murder and rape. The 97 headstones were only numbered, making it impossible to locate remains without a key to the code. Slovik's remains were exhumed and shipped to Detroit, where he was re-interred next to his wife, Antoinette.

http://s3.amazonaws.com/findagrave/photos/2001/222/slovikeddie.jpg
The Detroit grave of Eddie Slovik (http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=3134&pt=Eddie%20Slovik)

...in 1872, Pearl Zane Grey was born in Zanesville, Ohio. It must be tough enough to grow up in a town named for a direct ancestor, especially a Revolutionary War veteran. It must be even tougher to grow up with a name like "Pearl," at least, if you're the son of a dentist. After enough boyhood fights, he dropped the Pearl and went by the name that would carry him to fame, Zane Grey. Pearl was also the victim of beatings from his father. Zane loved to read and dreamed of being a writer and he especially loved Owen Wister's The Virginian. He was also influenced by a family friend who was more interested in fishing and living the good life, advising Grey to do the same. Grey wrote his first story at the age of 15 but his father found it, tore it up and beat him. Not long after, a financial setback forced the Grey's to move to Columbus, mostly out of embarrassment. Grey was also a talented ball player, catching the eye of a scout from the University of Pennsylvania, resulting in a full-ride scholarship. His brother, Romer, was also a ballplayer and went to the same school. They both graduated as dentists, Romer played pro baseball and Grey began to practice dentistry, which he hated, in New York. It was a competitive market but he was there not to be a dentist but to be close to publishers. Several of his early novels went unpublished, but in 1908, he met Colonel C. J. "Buffalo" Jones who convinced Grey to write his biography. The Last of the Plainsmen drew scant attention but Jones took him out west for research, where he became enthralled with the land and the people. He published Riders of the Purple Sage in 1912 and he wrote 78 more novels before he died in 1939. He sold 31 million copies of his books in the decades after his death. His novels today are hardly read as people find them pompous and maudlin but he single-handedly made the Western a favorite American genre.

http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41w%2BO%2B7dbjL.jpg

...in 1917, Germany announced that unrestricted warfare would resume in the Atlantic Ocean. German U-boats would attack any ship, of any nation, including passenger ships. In 1914, when the War to End All Wars broke out, the United States declared and maintained neutrality. Great Britain, however, was a close American ally and was under great strain. In March of 1915, a German cruiser sank the William P. Frye, a private American vessel carrying grain to England. President Woodrow Wilson was outraged. The Germans apologized. On May 7, the a German U-boat sank the Lusitania causing the deaths of 1,198 of 1,959 passengers, 128 of them Americans. In August, the Germans promised to look after passengers, but in November, a U-boat sank an Italian liner, killing 272 people, including 27 Americans. The tide of public opinion was turning against the Germans, and in January 1917, the Germans announced unrestricted warfare. The United States broke off diplomatic relations and hours later, a U-boat sank the Housatonic, luckily, all Americans were rescued by a British steamer. In February, British intelligence officers intercepted a communique that has become known as the Zimmerman Note. In it, Germany asked Mexico to enter the war as an ally and in return, Germany would restore Texas, New Mexico and Arizona to Mexico. The memo was published, galvanizing Americans against Germany. In March, the Germans sank four more American ships and on April 4, the Senate voted 82-6 to declare war, on April 5, the House voted 373 to 50, and America formally entered the war.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/U9Submarine.jpg
The 1914 German Unterseeboot U-9.

...in 1863, the 1st South Carolina Volunteers was mustered into the Union Army. The first unit of blacks in the army, the 1st South Carolina was comprised of escaped slaves from South Carolina and Florida. The commander was Thomas Wentworth Higginson and he, like all the other officers, was white. The idea was so radical that President Jefferson Davis of the Confederates announced that if any of the 1st South Carolina were captured, they would not be treated as prisoners of war. He said the soldiers would be auctioned off and the officers would be hanged. The threat was never carried out. While the unit was never a part of any major battles, it was a major step in the evolution of the army, and a major step forward toward the end of slavery. Higginson had a iterary talent, he recorded the Gullah dialect of the escaped slaves/soldiers, as well as making a record of the spirituals that they sang. Without Higginson, and without the 1st South Carolina, that information might have been lost forever. The work was entitled Army Life in a Black Regiment that he wrote in 1869. It was published by Houghton, Mifflin and Company in 1900. (It's available online if you want to read it.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 104 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1929, Hollywood's first musical film, The Broadway Melody, premiered at Grauman's Chinese Theater. It was the first "talkie" to win the Oscar for Best Picture. The film included a Technicolor sequence, but it is lost and only balck & white prints remain. The film featured music by Arthur Freed and Nacio Herb with the popular hit You Were Meant For Me. The film also was the film debut of George M. Cohan's classic Give My Regards to Broadway.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/08/BroadwayMelodyy1929.jpg/215px-BroadwayMelodyy1929.jpg

...in 1943, the Japanese army began to evacuate Guadalcanal Island, part of the Solomon Islands chain. In July 1942, the Japanese had landed on Guadalcanal and began to build an airfield that had strategic significance, putting them within easy reach of Allied forces. The Americans responded with Operation Watchtower, landing forces on the other Solomon Islands of Florida, Tulagi, Gavutu and Tananbogo, then on Guadalcanal itself. The Japanese were surprised by the landings, in fact, there was little resistance and the Americans quickly took the airfield. The Japanese reinforced their forces, though, and fierce hand-to-hand jungle combat followed. One American general on the island said, "I have never heard or read of this kind of fighting. These people refuse to surrender." Once the navy reinforced the Marines on Guadalcanal, the tide quickly turned and the Japanese slinked off the island, in fact, the Americans didn't even know they were gone until they stumbled into abandoned positions and discarded supplies. The Japanese lost 25,000 men compared to losses of 1,600 Americans, while each side lost 24 warships.

...in 1969, John DeLorean became the President of Chevrolet Motor Division of GM. He had made a meteoric rise through the Pontiac division, pioneering such hot products as the GTO and Gran Prix. Chevrolet sold 3,000,000 vehicles in 1973, which was an otherwise awful year for the auto industry. It appeared that DeLorean was next in line to be president of GM, but at the end of 1973, he walked away from it all to start the DeLorean Motor Company with an assembly plant in Northern Ireland. The sleek, stainless steel DMC-12 generated much interest, but like every startup car venture, the company ran into financial difficulties. DeLorean even resorted to dealing in drugs to save his company, and he was caught in a sting when he tried to broker a $24 million cocaine deal. He was aquitted as a victim of entrapment, but the damage was done and the company failed. The most famous DeLorean vehicle was a supporting star of the Back to the Future franchise of films. (Stephen Wynn of Texas started a company called DeLorean Motor Company, selling used DeLoreans and will build you a new one, using NOS (New Old Stock) parts that he acquired in the bankruptcy and OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) parts made by original suppliers. It is not, and never was, affiliated with John DeLorean, who died in 2005.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6f/DMC_publicity_photo.jpg/225px-DMC_publicity_photo.jpg
John Zachary DeLorean (1925-2005)
with the prototype DMC-12.

...in 2003, the space shuttle Columbia broke up while re-entering the earth's atmosphere, killing the entire 7-member crew. It was the 28th mission for the shuttle, officially designated as STS-107, launched on January 16, 2003. 80 seconds into the mission, foam insulation from the fuel tank broke off, striking the leading edge of the craft's left wing. It is believed that the foam dislodged protective, heat-resistant tiles on the wing, ultimately causing the disaster. Columbia began re-entry that morning, 10 minutes later, at 8:53 AM, over California at 231,000 feet, the trouble began while the orbiter was traveling at Mach 23, that is, 23 times faster than the speed of sound. With the heat-shield tiles missing on the leading edge of the left wing, wind and heat entered the wing itself and blew it apart. Debris began falling on west Texas at 8:58. One minute later, the last communication from the shuttle came in and at 9:00 AM, the shuttle disintegrated near Dallas. There was a large report and a plume of smoke, and the debris field stretched from Lubbock to Arkansas and Louisiana. President George W. Bush told the nation, "This day has brought terrible news and great sadness to our country ... The Columbia is lost; there are no survivors...The cause in which they died will continue. Our journey into space will go on...In an age when space flight has come to seem almost routine, it is easy to overlook the dangers of travel by rocket, and the difficulties of navigating the fierce outer atmosphere of the earth. These astronauts knew the dangers and they faced them willingly, knowing they had a high and noble purpose in life." The disaster grounded the shuttle program for two years, until July 16, 2005, with the launch of Discovery.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ab/2003_Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster.PNG/250px-2003_Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster.PNG
An unfortunate choice of words headlined
the television reports of the disaster.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Crew_of_STS-107%2C_official_photo.jpg/250px-Crew_of_STS-107%2C_official_photo.jpg
The crew of Columbia:
L to R: David Brown, Rick Husband,
Laurel Clark, Kalpana Chawla,
Michael Anderson, William McCool, Ilan Ramon.

Note: Prior to this disaster, in the early days of the shuttle program, there were very few cases of foam breaking off the booster during launch. The EPA, after protests from Florida environmentalists, put pressure on NASA to stop using CFC insulation foam on the boosters. After the change was made, there were sevearal documented cases of foam failing, and falling off, the vehicle during launch. There is credible evidence that the EPA's required change, pressured by environmentalists, may have contributed to this tragedy.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Congratulations to the Pittsburgh Steelers. My heart was with Arizona, but my money was on Pittsburgh. There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 102 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1942, Vidkun Quisling was established as the prime minister of Norway, a puppet government with strings pulled from Berlin. When the German navy entered Norwegian ports in 1940, they deployed occupation troops and faced no resistance - local garrisons were ordered to offer no resistance. The order came from the Norwegian commander, Vidkin Quisling. When the Norwegian government refused to surrender, the Germans responded with a paratroop invasion. On February 1, 1942, the commisorial counselors (put in place by the Nazis) formed a new government, loyal to Berlin, with Quisling as the prime minister. When Germany surrendered in 1945, Quisling was arrested by Norway's liberators, tried for treason and summarily executed by firing squad on October 24, 1945. ]i]The Times[/i] of Great Britain coined the term "quisling" in an editorial, "Quislings Everywhere" to mean traitor, especially one who collaborates with the enemy. To this day, "quisling" is a synonym for "traitor" in most Eurpopean languages.

...in 1923, gasoline containing Tetraethyl lead went on sale in Dayton, Ohio. The fuel was coined as "ethyl gasoline" by Charles Kettering of GM, the additive greatly altered the combustion rate of the gasoline. Leaded gas benefited engines by adding octane (in some cases) but also kept valves from burning out. Pollution and heath issues forced the removal of lead from gasoline in the 1970's. Some claim that was when unleaded fuel was invented, but that is not true. Unleaded gas was available before Tertraethyl lead in 1923, but was also available in a form called "white gas" which was simply gasoline without additives - often used in marine and other small engines.

...in 1847, the first member of the Donner Party perished in their encampment on the shores of what is now called Donner Lake, near what is now called Donner Pass. 87 people had joined with George Donner and his family, on their way to California. Rather than follow the traditional and proven route to California, the Donner Party followed the directions published by Lansford Hastings along a route known as the Hastings Cutoff. What they did not know is that Lansford Hastings was a charlatan who had never actually traveled his cutoff. If he had, even Hastings might have known that the route across the Great Salt Dessert was nearly impassible. The cutoff added three weeks to their travel time and caused them to abandon many possessions and animals in the middle of the dessert. The group arrived in the Sierra Nevada at the end of October and made the fateful decision to pause and rest their animals, and themselves, for two days. The day after they would have crossed the pass, had they kept moving rather than resting, a snowstorm closed the pass and trapped the group, short of supplies, and locked them in until Spring. A group, later known as Forlorn Hope, set out on snowshoes for Sutter's Fort, about 100 miles from the pass. When the first relief arrived in February and found that the emigrants had been surviving on boiled ox hide. When the second relief arrived in March, they found that some of the 31 remaining survivors had been eating the dead. The last survivor of the Donner Party was rescued on March 31. Of the 87 pioneers, 48 survived. Two Native Americans, who were part of the relief from Sutter's Fort, became trapped and died, bringing the death toll to 41.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/38/Donner_Pass_kingp053.jpg/300px-Donner_Pass_kingp053.jpg
Donner Pass, ca. 1870

http://bridgehunter.com/photos/11/25/112537-M.jpg
Donner Pass & Donner Lake in 2003. That's Sonja and me on
the Rainbow Bridge during the Lincoln Highway Anniversary Tour.
Photo by Tom Kishman, published on the Bridge Hunter (http://bridgehunter.com/ca/nevada/17C0052/) website.

...in 1887, the first rodent to become a meteorologist made his first prediction at Gobler's Knob in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania. The tradition is that if a groundhog comes out of burrow and sees his shadow, there will be six more weeks of winter, but if he doesn't see his shadow, there will be an early spring. The tradition of Groundhog Day actually came from a Christian tradition called Candlemas Day, when clergymen would distribute and bless candles needed for the winter. The candles represented how long and cold the winter would be. A diary entry from Morgantown, Pennsylvania in 1841 talks about a German tradition for Candlemas Day when a groundhog, which was plentiful in Pennsylvania, looks for his shadow. Groundhogs, aka woodchucks, weigh about 13 pounds. The are vegetarians, they climb trees, they can swim and they whistle. They go into hibernation in the fall and will come out in March. However, groundhogs will come out in February but they're looking for a mate and not a weather map. Punxatawny Phil, as a matter of fact, performed his forecast in private until 1966, and now there is a three day celebration of Groundhog Day in Punxatawny.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/DogGroundHog-small.jpg/230px-DogGroundHog-small.jpg
Six more weeks of winter?
Or an early spring?

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 64 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1959, a Beechcraft Bonanza crashed in Iowa, just a few minutes after takeoff, on a flight from Mason City to Moorehead, Minnesota. On board the aircraft were Buddy Holly (leader of Buddy Holly and the Crickets) Ricthie Valens and J.P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson who all died in the crash. The Big Bopper had a cold and talked Crickets member, Waylon Jennings, out of his seat on the plane. The band had just gone to Number 1 on the charts with That'll Be the Day, after a string of hits like Peggy Sue, Oh, Boy!, Maybe Baby, and Early in the Morning. Buddy Holly wrote all his own material and influenced popular music for many years after his death. The Big Bopper was a disk jockey who wrote songs for others, most notably, Running Bear recorded by Johnny Preston. Richardson recorded Chantilly Lace himself and made the top 10. Richie Valens, really Valenzuela, made No. 2 with Donna and No. 22 with La Bomba. "The day the music died" was immortalized by Don McLean in 1972 with his Number 1 hit American Pie.

...in 1966, the Soviet Union made the first controlled landing on the moon. The unmanned Lunik 9 made a soft landing on the Ocean of Storms. Shortly after landing, the capsule opened in a flower-like manner and deployed antennae that began transmitting images back to earth. It was the Russian's third major first in the race to the moon. On September 14, 1959, Lunik 2 was the first man-made vehicle to impact the moon. Lunik 3 orbited the moon and transmitted images of the dark side of the moon to the earth, the first that man ever saw the other hemisphere of the moon. The American space program was behind the Russians in the last 1950's and erly 1960's and pretty much remained in second place until the Apollo program made major leaps forward in the race, culminating in the landing of the Eagle on July 20, 1969. The Americans may not have been the first to make a soft landing on the moon, but the first to put a man on the moon, and the race was over.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Luna_9_landing_capsule.jpg/180px-Luna_9_landing_capsule.jpg
The Soviet Union's Lunik 9

Watch a 28 minute video called The Eagle Has Landed (http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=4166049933953240830) on YouTube.

...in 1781, American General Nathanael Greene led his troops across the Yadkin River to evade General Charles Cornwallis, who was in pursuit after defeating the Americans at Tarrant's Tavern on the 1st of February. A heavy rain on the 1st had helped defeat the Americans, their gunpowder had gotten wet and it all went downhill from there, however, the rain would ultimately aid the Americans and frustrate the British. On February 3, though, Greene was ready. Polish engineer and military advisor, Thaddeus Kosciusko, had made a canoe trip up the Catawba and Pedee Rivers in December 1780, assessing Greene's options. He built a fleet of flat-bottomed boats that could be carried in wagons between crossings, which Greene had with him. The rains that had aided the British on the 1st swelled the rivers. Greene had the boats waiting for him, and the army quickly crossed the swelling Yadkin River. Cornwallis showed up as the last of the Americans had reached the other side. Unable to cross the swelling river, he shelled the Americans but was forced to march to Shallow Ford, giving Greene two days to widen the gap between the armies as Greene raced to the safety of patriot-held Virginia.

...in 1948, the first Cadillac with tailfins was produced, beginning an era of tailfins on American automobiles. As the years went on, the fins grew. They hit the peek of absurdity in 1959 with the debut of the 1959 Cadillac, when many critics were pretty much convinced that the GM designers were a couple of quarts short of an oil change. In the late 1960's, tail fins faded into rear deck spoilers.

http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3079/2675059039_73ac30f58e.jpg?v=0
1959 Caddy fins are the epitome of excessive design.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 99 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1789, George Washington became the first, and only, candidate for president to be elected unanimously by the Electoral College. The event would be repeated on this day in 1792. In those early days of presidential elections, the electors in the college were presented with two names for president and were given two ballots. All ballots were cast for Washington, and since John Adams was presented as a candidate but received no votes, he finished second and served as vice-president for both of Washington's terms. The problems evolved in 1796 when supporters of John Adams' Federalist party cast only one of their two ballots, ensuring Adams' becoming President, but it also meant that his opponent, the Democratic-Republican party candidate, Thomas Jefferson, would be Adams' vice president. In 1800, the situation repeated when a tie between Jefferson and Aaron Burr, both Democratic-Republicans. The election went to the house, where the Federalists voted for Burr, because they despised Jefferson. There were 35 tie votes unitl the Federalists conceded the election to Jefferson. Nothing new under the sun. In 1804, the 12th Amendment to the Constitution ended the problem by specifying that separate votes be cast for president and vice-president.

...in 1826, James Fenimore Cooper publishes The Last of the Mohicans. The uniquely American novel was the second of a five-novel series known as The Leather Stocking Tales, featuring a hero with the unlikely name of Natty Bumppo, more commonly known by his nickname of Hawkeye. The five novels in the pentalogy are The Deerslayer, The Last of the Mohicans, The Pathfinder, The Pioneers and The Prairie. Hawkeye was born of white parents but was raised with Native Americans, his "brother" being Chingachgook. The name Hawkeye was derived from his expertise with the rifled musket, his motto being "One shot, one kill." Cooper died in 1851 in Cooperstown, New York, founded by and named for his father. And yes, it's the same Cooperstown as the Baseball Hall of Fame.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/James_Fenimore_Cooper_by_Jarvis.jpg/200px-James_Fenimore_Cooper_by_Jarvis.jpg
James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851)

...in 1922, Ford Motor Company acquired the Lincoln Motor Car Company for $8 million. Old Henry had insisted on building nothing but Model T Fords and some industry analysts saw the purchase of Lincoln as a move toward diversification, to match the many offerings of GM. However, Ford's personal interest in Lincoln went deeper. In 1901, the Henry Ford Company was founded with Henry as the chief engineer. He designed an automobile but was never quite ready to release it into production. Nervous investors were not happy, and brought in Henry Leland. Leland had a reputation for building precision components and he supplied engines to Ransom E. Olds' Oldsmobiles. Leland brought his engine and transmission to the company and in 1902, the investors fired Ford - who left to found the Ford Motor Company. Meanwhile, Leland's engine was put into Henry's Ford. It was renamed "Cadillac" and went on to some success in the industry. Henry Ford was one to carry a grudge forever, and he was delighted to purchase Lincoln, which had been founded by Henry Leland. Henry Ford returned Leland's favor from 1902 - and fired him from the company he founded.

...in 1974, 19 year old heiress Patrica Hearst was kidnapped from her Berkley, California apartment. The daughter of William Randolph Hearst, the billionaire newspaper mogul, was contacted by leaders of the Symbionese Liberation Army, a radical activist group led by Donald DeFreeze. The SLA demanded Hearts distribute $70 in food to every poor person from Santa Rosa to Los Angeles. The distribution was to be handled by the Black Muslims, but the distribution turned into a riot as more than 10,000 people showed up for the free food. After the mess was cleaned up, the SLA demanded an additional $6 million giveaway, which Hearst refused. An unexpected twist to the plot occured when the SLA held up the Hibernia Bank in San Francisco. One of the bank robbers was Patty Hearst. She was eventually arrested, tried and convicted of bank robbery. Her defense was that she had been brainwashed by isolation and rape into joining the SLA. Prosecutors weren't so sure, and the argument continues whether she was complicit or displaying symptoms of Stockholm Syndrome. President Jimmy Carter commuted her sentence and President Bill Clinton pardoned her in the wave of pardons he made on his way out the door in January 2001.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/Patty_Hearst.jpg/225px-Patty_Hearst.jpg
Patty Hearst in an SLA poster.
Stockholm Syndrome victim or terrorist?

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 105 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1952, the first "Walk/Don't Walk" sign was installed in New York City. They were not the first pedestrian control signs installed ever, in fact, "Walk" signs were installed on Michigan Avenue in Chicago in 1934, but "walkers" were supposed to be smart enough to know that when the "Walk" light went off, it was no longer safe to cross. They either weren't smart enough or just didn't care. Walk/Don't Walk lights went Washington, D.C. sometime in 1939. But by 1952, pedestrian fatalities were a major problem in New York City. Did the lights help? Well, there were still 5,307 pedestrian fatalities in 1997. In New York, jaywalkers are subject to a $50 fine. Today, the old Walk/Don't Walk signs are being replaced with LED lights that feature a flashing orange hand for Don't Walk and a white light of a stick figure bopping across the street. In some locations, the Don't Walk sign features a count-down of how long you have to get to the other side before the light changes. Vandals tend to put black tape on the Don't Walk signs, covering all but the thumb and middle fingers, but hopefully, the message still gets through.

http://www.forgotten-ny.com/LAMPS/Stoplights/vintage.jpg (http://www.forgotten-ny.com/LAMPS/Stoplights/stoplights.html)
A fascinating website of forgotten features of New York uses this
photo of a sign in Soho in late 2003. Visit the site by clicking on the photo.

...in 1921, Loew's State Theater opened in Chicago. It was in the era of the movie palace, with theaters like the Chicago, the Uptown (Chicago) and the Al Ringling (http://www.alringling.com/) in Baraboo, Wisconsin. The State was on Madison Street on Chicago's far west side. It was a Renaissance Revival style theater, designed by Edward Steinberg, who also designed the Genesee Theater in Waukegan. The theater seated almost 1900 people and served as a movie house into the 1970s, but changing tastes and movie marketing doomed the theater and it closed. It stood vacant and a revival was tried, but it was demolished in 1995.

...in 1969, the arguably worst television show ever premiered on ABC television for a one-show run. Turn-On was from the fertile minds of Ed Friendly and George Schlatter, the producers of the immensely popular Rowen & Martin's Laugh-In over on NBC. Turn-On was a half-hour comedy show featuring animation, video, stop-action and non-sequiter one-liners that left many viewers scratching their heads. The cuts and chops were so quick that some people became physically ill while watching. There is an urban myth that it was canceled ten minutes into airing, this is not true. The show was canceled by ABC within a couple of days, but two stations, KBTV in Denver and WEWS in Cleveland, never went back to the show after the first commercial break. West coast stations, having some forewaring, chose not to air the show. Was it really a bad show? Today, there is probably nothing in it surprising or offending but in 1969, tastes ran quite different and Turn-On remains one of the worst television shows ever.

...in 1922, the publication you can find in every grandmother's bathroom was published for the first time in Pleasantville, New York. The Reader's Digest was the brainchild of Lila Bell and DeWitt Wallace. Circulation has dropped off in recent years but still reaches over 38 million readers in the United States and with 52 editions in 35 languages, it reaches an astounding 100 million readers around the world. It is also published in Braille and in a special Reader's Digest Large Print Edition. There are several favorite monthly features, one being "Word Power," first published in 1945 and written by Wilfred Funk - and look that up in your Funk & Wagnall's. (Which also happens to be owned by Reader's Digest.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1f/Readers_Digest00.jpg/180px-Readers_Digest00.jpg
This familiar logo was used until 2007.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 84 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1952, King George VI of Great Britain and Northern Ireland passed away in his sleep, after a long illness. Princess Elizabeth, the oldest of his two daughters, was in Kenya at the time of his death, became the queen. She was crowned Queen Elizabeth II on June 2, 1953, at the age of 27. She was born on April 21, 1926 and married her distant cousin, Phillip Mountbatten, in 1947. She had four children, the first was Prince Charles, born in 1948. Queen Elizabeth was a modern ruler, allowing the coronation to be televised, in the face of harsh criticism including from Prime Minister Winston Churchill. Elizabeth is the 40th monarch since William the Conqueror, who ruled from 1035 to 1087. Compare that to President George H.W. Bush, the 40th President of the United States (1989-1993) since President Washington was inaugurated in 1789.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Elizabeth_II_greets_NASA_GSFC_employees%2C_May_8%2 C_2007_edit.jpg/210px-Elizabeth_II_greets_NASA_GSFC_employees%2C_May_8%2 C_2007_edit.jpg
Queen Elizabeth II in 2007

...in 1820, an organized emigration of freed American slaves began, when a ship left New York Harbor for Freetown, Sierra Leone, in West Africa. The emigration was the result of efforts bu the American Colonization Society, an organization founded to return freed slaves to Africa. Congress appropriated $100,000.00 to help return displaced Africans, illegally brought to the US after the abolishment of slave trading in 1808. The British began to resettle freed slaves after abolishment of the slave trade in 1772, by 1787, 300 freed slaves and 70 white prostitutes settled on the Sierra Leone peninsula. Many perished from disease or from encounters with the indigent Temne who were not pleased with the immigrants. The British founded Freetown and sent more freed American slaves, who had supported Britain during the revolution but didn't like living in Canada. The program came under fire from all sides, abolitionists said it strengthened slavery while many freed slaves were not enthusiastic about leaving their homes. The emigrants founded Liberia in 1822. The new residents were so pleased with their new status and thankful for it all that they named the capital Monrovia, in honor of President James Monroe. In 1847, the fledgling was granted independence and became, officially, the Republic of Liberia. It suffered two military coup d'etats and two brutal civil wars in the last 25 years but the Republic has been restored. The country has always enjoyed the unofficial support of the United States. The maritime ship registry of Liberia is a major source of revenue for the small country.

...in 1985, Walter L. Jacobs passed away. He started the car rental business that became the basis of the Hertz car rental system. Did he start the Hertz system? "Not exactly." ;) He did start what would become the largest car rental company in the world when he was a 22 year old car salesman and an entrepreneur who saw an opportunity. He started DriveUrSelf System in Chicago, renting several Model T Fords that he maintained himself. Within 5 years, his business was grossing over $1 million and it caught the eye of the president of the Yellow Cab Company and Yellow Truck and Coach Manufacturing Company, one John Hertz. Hertz bought the company in 1923 and kept Jacobs on as the CEO. In 1927, the Hertz system was sold to General Motors, again, Jacobs stayed on, retiring in 1960 after the operation was sold several more times, to RCA and United Airlines for example. In 1994, Hertz was acquired by Ford, making Hertz the only car rental company to be owned by both GM and Ford at one time or another. (Hertz has been independent since 1997.) Hertz remains the largest player in the fiercely competitive rental market, but it all started with a handful of Model T's, owned by a 22 year old car salesman, in 1918.

http://www.goodlogo.com/images/logos/2538.gifJeff Dunham and Walter, "Not Exactly." (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RY5qV47mly4&feature=related)

...in 1928, a woman calling herself Anastasia Tschaikovsky arrived in New York City, claiming to be Anastasia, the youngest daughter of the deposed Czar of Russia. At a press conference, she explained that she was in the United States to to have her jaw reset, after it had been broken by a Bolshevik soldier. She said she narrowly escaped the execution of her family during the revolution. Gleb Botkin, who was the son of the physician to the Romanov family, said that Anastasia Tschaikovsky was, indeed, the daughter of the czar and heir to the giant Romanov fortune. Botkin and the princess were playmates as children, and he was adamant that this woman was his childhood friend. She settled into life in the United States and adopted the name, Anna Anderson.

Czar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate the throne during the "glorious" revolution. He was taken, with his wife Alexandra, their four girls and one son, to Czarskoye Selo palace along with four support staff, including Dr. Botkin. They were then moved to Yekaterinburg in the Urals. In the early morning hours of July 18, 1918, Czar Nicholas, Alexandra and their five children, along with three support staff and Dr. Botkin, were posed as if to be in a photgraph, then shot to death in a hail of submachine gun bullets. Their bodies were burned, then tossed into an abandoned mine shaft. Anastasia Tschaikovsky claimed to have survived the attack and escape, scars on her body supported her claim, but she was unclear about details of the Romanov family. Her knowledge of English, French and Russian were spotty at best, languages which the real princess spoke fluently. Her recurring mental illness and stays in mental institutions were blamed for the lapses in memory.

She fought a long battle to be recognized as the heiress to the Romanov fortune and worked to overthrow the communist government of Russia. The London Evening Standard said that Anatasia, aka Anna Anderson as, "displaying the tireless enthusiasm of the sort which keeps the 'Flat Earth Society' in business." She died in 1984. In 1991, the burial site of the Romanov family was found and the remains were exhumed. It seemed that two bodies were missing, and DNA testing proved that the missing bodies were female. Testing of mitocondrial DNA, which is passed from mother to children virtually unchanged, proved the relationships of the exhumed bodies.

Testing of DNA of Anastasia Tschaikovsky proved, once and for all, that she was not the daughter of the czar. She was actually Franziska Schanzkowska, a Polish-German factory worker from Pomerania who disappeared in a factory explosion in 1916, which accounted for her scars and mental illnesses. A private investigator had made these findings in the 1920s, but it took mtDNA testing to prove his findings, once and for all. (Two more bodies were located in Yekaterinburg in 2007. mtDNA testing of those remains determined that they were, in fact, the missing Anastasia and her sister. The entire Romanov family is now accounted for.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/78/Annaan.JPG/225px-Annaan.JPG
Anastasia Manahan Tchaikovsky, aka Anna Anderson,
aka Franziska Schanzkowska (1896-1984)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 102 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1781, at Shallow Ford, North Carolina, 20 members of the North Carolina Militia, under Captain Joseph Graham, followed the British forces under General Charles Cornwallis, who were in pursuit of General Nathanael Greene. Greene and his troops had crossed the Yadkin River on February 3 (See the Morning Update, February 3 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-february-3-2009-a-49181/) for the story.) Greene had crossed the Yadkin with a flotilla of flat-bottomed boats that had been constructed for the purpose of evading the British. Storms has swollen the Yadkin River, making fording impossible for Cornwallis, forcing him to march to Shallow Ford and allowing Greene to escape. Graham, with his 20 men, did not dare engage Cornwallis' army, but he did capture 6 stragglers and killed one Hessian mercenary. Although it is an insignificant victory in terms of the war, it is an indicative of how one small event cascades into other events.

...in 1964, the modern British Invasion began at Kennedy International Airport in New York. The first invaders were John, Paul, George and Ringo - The Beatles. Less than a week earlier, the Fab Four hit #1 on the Billboard charts with I Want to Hold Your Hand. 3,000 screaming fans met the airplane and a near riot erupted when they stepped off the plane. The Beatles, comprised of Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr, John Lennon and George Harrison, appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show (http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/E/htmlE/edsullivans/edsullivans.htm) (a very popular variety show of the 1950s and 1960s) although no one could hear the music for the screaming fans. Sullivan booked them for two more appearances. Two sold-out concerts at Carnegie Hall required special police attention to block off the surrounding streets. The Beatles changed American pop culture overnight. Everything they released went to number one, in fact, in April of 1964, the top five hits on the chart were Beatles records. The group broke up in 1970 with 18 albums and 30 top ten US singles behind them. Lennon was shot to death by a crazed fan in 1980, McCartney was knighted in 1997, Harrison died of cancer in 2001. Ringo Starr still performs and has appeared in several movies and television shows, including playing Mr. Conductor on the PBS children's series Shining Time Station.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/The_Fabs.JPG/220px-The_Fabs.JPG
The Beatles in 1964,
John Lennon, Paul McCartney
George Harrison, Ringo Starr

...in 1904, downtown Baltimore suffered a major fire. A plaque in the area says that no lives were lost in the fire, however, a contemporary newspaper story describes the charred remains of an African-American who may have been the only human to perish in the fire. Prior to 1904, there were no federal standards set for fire fighting equipment. Firefighters from several large cities came to the aid of Baltimore, but they were of little help. None of their hoses would mate up to the Baltimore hydrants. When it was over, the catastrophic fire had consumed more than 1500 buildings in an 80 square block area.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Baltimore_fire_aftermath.jpg/280px-Baltimore_fire_aftermath.jpg
The Remains of Baltimore, after the fire.

...in 1924, Charlie Chaplin appeared for the first time as the "Little Tramp," his signature character, The movie was called Kid Auto Races at Venice. In 1915, the character appeared in The Tramp, considered Chaplin's first masterpiece. The Little Tramp appeared in Easy Street, The Kid, City Lights and in Chaplin's first "talkie" in 1941, The Great Dictator, Chaplin's satirical shot at Adolph Hitler.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Charlie_Chaplin.jpg
Charlie Chaplin as The Tramp

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 113 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1943, the Americans secured Guadalcanal, the largest of the Solomon Islands. The Solomon Islands is a chain of 922 islands and atolls, located northeast of Australia. The Japanese had increased their sphere of influence by invading and taking control of many islands in the South Pacific. The American strategy was to take those islands from the Japanese, and by island-hopping, move closer to the ultimate taking of the Japanese home islands. The Japanese had taken Guadalcanal in 1942 and began to build a strategic airfield. On August 7, 1942, the Americans landed on Guadalcanal with the objective of driving the Japanese from the island. Fierce hand-to-hand combat took place on the island while a huge naval battle raged surrounding the island. The "Fighting Sullivans," five brothers from Waterloo, Iowa, perished when the Japanese sunk their ship, the USS Juneau. (A ship would be named in their honor and their story told in a movie.) When the Japanese abandoned the island on this date, the loss accounting was heavy. 1,600 Americans died in the battle, over 4,000 were injured. 24,000 Japanese died at Guadalcanal and both sides lost 24 ships each. The islands gained their independence in 1978.

...in 1924, the vice president of Bell Laboratories, in charge of research for the division of Ma Bell that was an amazing think tank, spoke at a meeting in Chicago. The talk was broadcast in Providence, New York, Washington, Oakland and San Francisco. Heard by estimates of up to 50 million listeners, it was the first occurance of a coast-to-coast radio broadcast.

...in 1936, William Crapo "Billy" Durant filed for bankruptcy. Durant was a gambler with vision who, in his own words, envisioned "an empire of cars for every purse and purpose." The high school dropout, grandson of Henry H. Crapo (a governor of Michigan) was a successful carriage builder in Flint, Michigan. He was approached to be the manager of Buick Motors in Flint, which he used to found General Motors in 1908. By selling stock, he was able to raise enough money to buy Oldsmobile and Oakland, which later became Pontiac. He went on to purchase Cadillac and was within inches of buying Ford Motor Company from Henry. In a financial crunch in 1910, he was forced out of GM, and he went into partnership with Louis Chevrolet. He made such a success of Chevrolet that he was able to retake control of GM in 1916, add Chevrolet to the GM family, and continue addition of other parts makers. He founded United Motors and made Alfred P. Sloan into its president. By 1920, Durant was out again and Sloan took over, making GM into the largest automaker in the world. He started Durant Motors in 1921, making the Star and the Locomobile, but the company failed in the depression. He lived until 1947 as the manager of a bowling alley.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a7/Williamcrapodurant.jpg/200px-Williamcrapodurant.jpg
William Crapo "Billy" Durant (1861-1947)
Entrepreneur and Gambler

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 91 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1971, the Baseball Hall of Fame accepted the nomination of Satchel Paige for induction. Paige was a pitching legend in the decades before the integration of baseball and arguably the greatest pitched who ever lived. Leroy Page was (supposedly) born on July 7, 1906 in Mobile, Alabama, but that date is not firm. His mother changed the spelling of their name to Paige to distance herself from Leroy's abusive father. He earned the nickname "Satchel" while working as a luggage handler at the Mobile train station. He was arrested at the age of 12 and sent to reform school, a lucky break, because that is where he learned to pitch. His natural ability and talent allowed him to turn pro when he was released from the school playing in the Negro Leagues. The year after Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier, Bill Veeck picked him up to play for the Indians at the age of 42. On September 25,1965 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-september-25-2008-a-44074/), at the age of 59, he became the oldest man to ever play in the majors by pitching 3 innings for the Kansas City A's. Prior to the game, he sat in a rocking chair in the bullpen while a nurse rubbed liniment into his arm - and it was done where everyone in the stadium could see the stunt. He retired everyone he faced, except for the great Carl Yastremski who hit a double. Satchel said his secret was to "...jangle along loosely to keep the juices flowing..." and to "...avoid fried foods which angry up the blood." He is estimated to have pitched 2,500 games, threw over 300 shut-outs and 55 no-hitters. On his induction into the Hall of Fame, he is reported to have said, "The only change is that baseball has turned Paige from a second class citizen to a second class immortal." He died in Kansas City on June 8, 1982.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Satchel-paige.jpg/200px-Satchel-paige.jpg
LeRoy "Satchel" Paige (1906-1982)
"Don't look back - something might be gaining on you."

...in 1909, the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Corporation incorporated with Carl G. Fisher as president. Fisher, a Hoosier entrepreneur and car enthusiast, was also known as the "P.T. Barnum of Indianapolis." His fertile imagination sold bicycles and automobiles, and he made his fortune with Prest-O-Lite Company, making carbide-gas headlights for veteran automobiles. Racing in Europe was ahead of American automobile racing, but the lack of venues in Europe was stifling development. In order to draw the Europeans, Fisher offered the largest purse in racing, $50,000.00, making it the highest paying sports event in the world. The track was paved with bricks in 1911, earning the track's nickname, "The Brickyard."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/Indianapolis_Motor_Speedway_-_loc.jpg/275px-Indianapolis_Motor_Speedway_-_loc.jpg
The Speedway being paved with bricks.

To this day, the bricks remain under the track surface and there is a 3 foot stretch of the original bricks that remains unpaved, forming the start/finish line. WWI flying ace and hero, Eddie Rickenbacher, purchased the track from Fisher but ran into difficulties during WWII when there were no races held. Rickenbacher sold it to baking powder magnate from Terre Haute, Tony Hulman, in 1945. Carl Fisher went on to conceive America's first paved coast-to-coast paved road, the Lincoln Highway. He would also found Miami Beach and developed the Dixie Highway for his northern friends to reach Florida. He died, penniless, in Miami Beach in 1939. Tony Hulman restored the Indianapolis Speedway, in bad shape from four years of disuse, tore down the wooden grandstand and replaced it with a modern structure, and restored the "Greatest spectacle in racing." The Indianapolis 500 is the largest one-day sporting event in the world.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Carl_G_Fisher_1909.jpg/180px-Carl_G_Fisher_1909.jpg
Carl G. Fisher

...in 1942, the Roosevelt Administration imposed Daylight Savings Time for the duration of World War II. Unlike modern daylight savings time, the move was year-round. The move, based on a European model from World War I, was designed to conserve fuel. On September 30, 1945, standard time was reinstated. In 1966, Congress passed legislation to set standard time and daylight savings time. The entire country goes on daylight savings time, except for a small pocket of counties in Indiana that never change from Eastern Standard Time.

...in 1825, the presidential election was turned over to the House of Representatives, as outlined by the 12th Amendment to the Constitution. John Quincy Adams, the son of former President John Adams, was selected by the house. Adams proved to be an unpopular president and was defeated in his bid for re-election four years later, by Andrew Jackson. It was the first of two father-son presidents, the second set came in the late 20th Century with George H.W. Bush followed eight years later by George W. Bush.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST, February 9, 2009.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There was one developments in Paige's case yesterday but no news. David Lohr wrote about Paige after her disappearance. His emphasis on the details of Paige's secret life did not endear him to any of her friends and family. Lohr has written about Paige on his blog. The bad news is that he seems to think dredging up her secret life and sharing the prurient details is salient to her status which, of course, it is not. The facts are that Paige is missing, there are no traces of her, her family misses her, her friends miss her and at this juncture, nothing else matters. You can read his blog entry at his website, the Criminal Report Daily (http://blogs.discovery.com/criminal_report/2009/02/the-missing-a-weekly-expose-of-lost-souls-issue-30.html).

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 91 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1958, Elvis Presley topped the charts with a ballad entitled Don't. It was his ninth single to go to #1 since Heartbreak Hotel went to #1 in 1956. Elvis had 17 top singles in his career, second only to the Beatles for number 1 hits, a record (so to speak) that stands to this day.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/22/ElvisPresley-OneNight.jpg/150px-ElvisPresley-OneNight.jpg
Elvis during his 1968 appearance on NBC

...in 1996, IBM's answer to the line of Cray Research Supercomputers, named Deep Blue, defeated world chess champion Gary Kasparov. Kasparov was born in 1963 in Baku, Azerbaijan, as Garry Weinstein. His Armenian mother and Jewish father presented him with a chess problem, which he solved, at the age of 5. (His father died when he was 7, and he adopted his mother's Aremian name.) He became the Soviet Union's junior chess champion at the age of 13. In 1985, at the age of 22, he became the world's chess champion, defeating Soviet Anatoly Karpov. After being defeated by Deep Blue, Kasparov thought the IBM engineers were cheating. He said the computer had almost human-like moves, leading him to suspect human intervention during the games. It was a claim that IBM denied, but IBM also denied him access to the computer's logs. In addition, IBM studied many of Kasparov's previous games, to learn his style and moves, but IBM denied him the same courtesy of studying Deep Blue's previous game transcripts. (IBM later published the transcripts on the Internet.) Kasparov retired from professional chess in 2005.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Kasparov-2.jpg/200px-Kasparov-2.jpg
Garry Weinstein, later Kasparov, at the age of 11

...in 1846, the Mormons of Nauvoo, Illinois, began their westward migration that resulted in the Mormon settlement of Salt Lake City. The Mormons were under attack - again - being persecuted for their beliefs as they had been in New York, Ohio and Missouri. In fact, Missouri even issued a proclamation, known as the "Extermination Order" that chased the Mormons to their new settlement in Nauvoo, on the east shore of the Mississippi River. Nauvoo was founded in 1839 and by 1845 began to rival Chicago in size. Persecution by non-Mormons in the area began about that same time.

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was founded in New York in 1830 by Joseph Smith, who claimed to be a modern-day prophet of God. Smith's acceptance of polygamy was controversial whereever he and his followers went. He helped form the town of Nauvoo in Illinois after being chased out of Missouri, in hopes that it would be the safe haven for his congregation that had eluded him for so long. Smith and his brother were murdered by an angry mob, which convinced his successor, Bringham Young, that peace was not possible in the United States. He decided to lead the Mormons to the Mexican-controlled Southwest. He had no idea where he was going and had no concept of what life was like in the west. He simply trusted in God and moved west with 1600 followers, and upon seeing the Great Salt Lake Basin declared, "This is the place." By 1877, 100,000 people lived in the basin, most of them Mormons. Young didn't count on the US winning the Mexican-American War, and didn't count on Utah becoming a US Territory. There would be more government intervention, more popular persecution and eventually, the church was forced to abandon its stand on polygamy. Today, it is an urban myth that the LDS church supports polygamy, it does not, and those who continue the practice are not affiliated with the church. (Missouri Executive Order 44, known as the "extermination order" was issued by Governor Lilburn Boggs on October 27, 1838. It said that "...the Mormons must be treated as enemies and must be exterminated or driven out of the state." The Executive Order was not rescinded until June 25, 1976 - 137 years after being issued.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/New_Nauvoo_Temple.JPG/256px-New_Nauvoo_Temple.JPG
The original LDS Temple in Nauvoo
was destroyed by arson and was dismantled
after the exodus. Some years ago, efforts were
made to recover the blocks and rebuild the
temple. This replica of the original temple was
opened in 2002. It stands as a memorial to
Joseph Smith and his followers.

...in 1941, the first Highway Post Office went online between Washington, D.C. and Harrisonburg, Virginia. It was a post office on wheels, built into a large bus. The idea came from the old Railway Post Office (RPO) where mail was sorted and distributed in railroad car that was part of the consist of passenger trains. As RPO cars were being dropped, the Post Office decided to try the HPO concept, and after WWII, 130 routes were established. The HPOs were tied to closely to the RPOs that when the Railway Post Office was abolished, the HPO soon followed. The last service, between Cleveland and Cincinnati, was discontinued in 1974.

http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3079/2550290497_34ae34de64.jpg?v=0
President Roosevelt mails a letter at the HPO.
http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3263/2550290119_a09bca632d.jpg?v=0
Post Office clerks sort mail inside the first HPO bus.
http://www.sossi.org/articles/highway2.jpg
First-Run issues are collectibles today.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 110 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1942, the German battleships Gneisenau, Scharnhorst and the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen made what became known as the "Channel Dash." The Gneisenau and Scharnhorst had been anchored in Brest since March of 1941, trapped by a British blockade. The Prinz Eugen had been tied up there since May of 1941, after the Bismarck affair, when it and the Bismarck made their own dash. The Germans wished to free up the three ships, but they had been pinned down by British air and naval forces. Finally, on February 11, the Germans drew British fire on purpose, and the Gneisenau, Scharnhorst and Prinz Eugen used the battle as a smoke screen. They were accompanied by six destroyers and 21 torpedo boats, Weather kept the British air force on the ground and the flotilla was able to make a mad dash up the channel to the safety of German ports. The Brits were embarrassed by the escape, but it didn't really matter much as the Scharnhorst was sunk in December of 1944 and the Gneisenau was destroyed by bombs, still in the harbor, waiting for repairs to be completed. The Prinz Eugen survived but was taken over by the US Navy at the end of the war.

...in 1858, a fourteen year old peasant girl in France, Marie-Bernade Soubirous, saw the Virgin Mary. The mother of Jesus appeared to the girl 18 times of the year at a rock grotto near Lourdes. Marie explained that the Virgin Mary appeared to her as the Immaculate Conception, told her to build a chappel at the site and to drink of the waters. Marie had to dig to find the water, which no one had known was there. Skeptics in the church questioned her mercilessly and refused to accept descriptions of her visions. Still, she was allowed to enter the convent of Notre-Dame de Nevers, where she spent the rest of her life in seclusion. She died at the age to 35. In 1933, Marie-Bernade Soubirous was canonized as St. Bernadette. Today, millions of pilgrims come to the shrine at Lourdes to partake of the waters.

...in 1951, the Fabulous Hudson Hornet set the auto world on its ear by winning the 160 mile Daytona Grand National. In 1948, Hudson introduced the "step down" design, still used by all automakers today, that provided a low center of gravity and better handling than anything else coming out of Detroit. The Hornet became such a dominant car on the race circuit that executives threw themselves in behind it, providing the racers with whatever they needed. The Big 3 saw losses at the track as losses in the showroom, and also threw themselves behind their racing teams. The Hornet dominated NASCAR for three years until rules changes favored horsepower over handling. The great car was imortalized in the Pixar movie Cars in the late Paul Newman's character.

http://hetclub.com/teague/marshall_teague_daytona-beach.jpg
Marshall Teague leads the pack at Daytona in the
Fabulous Hudson Hornet.

...in 1945, the conference at Malta came to an end, with President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and his daughter, Anna, began the journey home. FDR was in declining health, but with the end of WWII in sight, the Big 3 (Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill) met in Yalta to discuss strategy and borders at the end of the war. Roosevelt has always traveled with Eleanor prior to this meeting, but she always attracted too much attention. The Yalta conference was supposed to be secret, so FDR left Eleanor at home and invited Anna. She acted as his personal assistant and cared for his health. Churchill's personal physician recognized Roosevelt's declining health and arteriosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries. FDR would die of a stroke just two months later.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Yalta_summit_1945_with_Churchill%2C_Roosevelt%2C_S talin.jpg/180px-Yalta_summit_1945_with_Churchill%2C_Roosevelt%2C_S talin.jpg
The Big 3 at Yalta, Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Roosevelt_in_a_wheelchair.jpg/140px-Roosevelt_in_a_wheelchair.jpg
Roosevelt and Friend, with Fala, his faithful
Scottish Terrier on his lap. This is one of the very few
extant photographs of FDR in a wheelchair.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST, February 11, 2009.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 109 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1809, Abraham Lincoln was born in Hodgenville, Kentucky. He was a member of a poor farming family that moved from Kentucky to Indiana to Illinois. He only attended school for one year but continued to read and educate himself. He was a surveyor, postmaster, shopkeeper and an attorney before entering politics. He served in the Illinois legislature from 1834 to '36, and in 1842 he married Mary Todd. They raised four boys. In the 1850's, when the country was entering a period of great turmoil, Lincoln re-entered politics. He was the leader of the newly formed Republican Party, and although he detested slavery, he also knew an anti-slavery platform would never win an election. In the 1858 Senatorial campaign, he made his famous statement that "...a house divided cannot stand." He did not win the seat but rose to national prominance, setting the stage for the 1860 presidential election. Although he won the election, the southern states immediately began to secede from the union, even before he was inaugurated. By February 1, 1861, the Confederate states had seceded from the Union. The Civil War began shortly after. Lincoln is one of America's most respected presidents, known for his pure strength and a dry wit. When one of his more lethargic generals suffered defeat after defeat, Lincoln remarked, "...if you are not using the army, I should like to borrow it for awhile." He is remembered as "The Great Emancipator" although many supporters of slavery considered him a despot. At Ford's Theater on April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth, an actor in the company of the play that night, assassinated Lincoln. Lincoln died at 7:22 PM on April 15. Lincoln was so revered that for decades, his name was assigned to many memorials. For the next 100 years, all clocks for sale in the United States were displayed with the time of his death, 7:22. America's first coast-to-coast paved highway was named in his honor, the Lincoln Highway, almost 50 years after his death.

Booth, meanwhile, was part of a wider conspiracy to assassinate Lincoln, Vice-President Andrew Johnson and Secretary of State William Seward. The plan was to throw the country into turmoil, thereby allowing the conspirators to step in and take over the government. The plan fell apart when his co-conspirators failed to carry out their assassinations. He inspired the derisive term, "bad actor" to describe anything causing damage or trouble.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Abraham_Lincoln_half_length_seated%2C_April_10%2C_ 1865.jpg/200px-Abraham_Lincoln_half_length_seated%2C_April_10%2C_ 1865.jpg
Abraham Lincoln, February 5, 1865
Portrait by Alexander Gardner

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[janetupnorth]

...waiting for the day there will be news...

:(

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 104 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1633, Galileo Galilei arrived in Rome, where he faced charges of heresy, because he promoted the Copernican Theory that the earth revoloves around the sun. The Roman Catholic Church taught the geocentric view that the earth is the center of the universe, therefore the Copernican Theory was contrary to church doctrine. Galileo faced the Roman Inquisition, the church's judicial system that regulated church doctrine. One of their tasks was to ban books that were contrary to church teachings and to prosecute heretics, which it also sought out. Galileo was born in 1564 and entered the University of Pisa to study medicine, but changed his studies to mathematics. His famous demonstration on the Leaning Tower of Pisa proved that the speed of falling objects is not related to their mass. While teaching math at the University of Padua, he built a telescope and observed the moons of Jupiter and discovered the Milky Way was really stars. He became an advocate of Nicolae Copernicus, the Polish astronomer. Rather than face a messy comfinement, Galileo struck a deal with the Inquisition and lived out his life under house arrest. Today, he is widely recognized for his study of motion and astronomy. He also greatly influenced Sir Isaac Newton, the father of modern physics. In 1992, the Catholic Church acknowleged its mistake of persecuting Galileo.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg/225px-Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

...in 1953, William C. Mack passed away at the age of 94. With his brothers, Augustus F. and Jack Mack, the Mack Brothers purchased the Fallsen & Berry Wagon factory in Brooklyn, New York in 1890. They began to experiment with adding an engine to their wagons, and in 1900, they built a bus for a Brooklyn sightseeing company. It served as a bus for eight years when it was converted to a truck. It racked up over 1,000,000 miles, the first of a long line of such vehicles. The reputation for building tough, long lasting vehicles, became part of the lexicon in the form of "...built like a Mack truck."

http://www.macktrucks.com/assets/mack/smartway_full_truck.jpg http://www.macktrucks.com/assets/mack/history/1916.jpg
Today's Mack Truck has come a long way from the solid-rubber tire, chain drive Macks from Brooklyn.

...in 1991, a hand-edited manuscript of Huckleberry Finn turned up after having been missing for more than 100 years. The manuscript was the first half of the first version of Mark Twain's novel, heavily edited with Twain's own handwriting. The manuscript surfaced when...follow along closely now...a 62 year old librarian from Los Angeles was sorting papers in a trunk that were sent to her when an aunt, from New York, passed away. The librarian's grandfather, James Gluck, had asked Twain for the manuscript for the Buffalo and Erie Library. (Twain once lived in Buffalo.) Once the manuscript surfaced in 1991, the squabbling began over who had rights to it, Gluck's granddaughters, the library or the Mark Twain Papers Project in Berkeley. In 1995, Random House published the novel (there was unpublished material in the manuscript) with the rights held by all three players.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Huckleberry-finn-with-rabbit.jpg/180px-Huckleberry-finn-with-rabbit.jpg
Huckelberry Finn, as drawn by E.W. Kemble

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[pcchefjane]

How said that that reporter dredged all the "crab" up but failed to mention anything "good" about her. I guess that is what would get him noticed though... "Cuddly stories just don't do it!"

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 131 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 278, the legend tells us, during the reign of Emporer Claudius II ("Claudius the Cruel") the army of Rome was involved in any number of unpopular wars. Claudius was having a difficult time finding recruits, he thought it was because young men were getting married and wanted to stay with their wives and families. To prevent this, he forbade marriage. A priest by the name of Valentine, defied Claudius and performed marriages, anyway, and Valentine was sumarily arrested. He was sentenced to death by beating with clubs, followed by beheading, which was carried on on February 14. The legend also says Valentine wrote a farewell letter to his jailer's daughter, signing it, "From your Valentine," and a tradition was started. The truth is, well, no one knows for sure. Several martyred priests with the name of Valentine fit the bill, and the church also wished to eliminate a pagen ritual, the Feast of Lupercalia, and not so wonderful fertility rite that was performed on February 14. (Lupa was the she-wolf who suckled Romulus and Remus, the founders of Rome.) In 496, Pope Gelasius declared an end to the Feast of Lupercalia and decreed that February 14 be celebrated as St. Valentine's Day.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Antique_Valentine_05.jpg/250px-Antique_Valentine_05.jpg

...in 1929, four gunman, dressed in police uniforms, murdered seven members of the George "Bugsy" Moran North Side Gang in a garage on north Clark Street. The shooters were thought to be in the employ of Al Capone. The St. Valentine's Day Massacre ignited a firestorm of outrage that caused the federal government to step up their campaign against Capone. Alphonse Capone was from Brooklyn, where he dropped out of school in the seventh grade and joined a gang. He was in a nightclub brawl where his face was slashed, earning the nickname, "Scarface." In 1917, Capone got married, moved to Baltimore and tried to go straight. His friend, Johnny Torrio, lured him to Chicago where he worked his way up in Torrio's bootlegging business. Bugs Moran shot Torrio four times, but he lived, only to be incarcerated for running a speakeasy. He retired and turned the business over to Capone, who never forgot his mentor nor what had happened to him. Capone was in Florida when Moran was on his way to make an alcohol buy. He ran late, and as he approached the site of the transaction, a garage, he saw the uniformed men and turned away, thinking he had avoided a raid. The Moran gang, meanwhile, thought it was a raid and lined up for a routine arrest, only to be gunned down in a hail of machine gun fire. Moran missed Capone's assassination attempt, while his seven men perished. Capone had an air-tight alibi, but everyone knew he was behind the hit. The Treasury Department, using Eliot Ness and The Untouchables, built a case against Capone and convicted him of income tax evasion.

http://www.mysterynet.com/images/mn/massacre.photo.jpg
The Chicago Police re-enact the scene.

...in 1779, Captain James Cook, the English navigator and explorer, was murdered by native Hawaiians on his third trip to what was then known as the Sandwich Islands.

Well, lest you think historical St. Valentine's Day has a lot to do with violence and death and little to do with making love...

...in 1929, Sir Alexander Fleming, as a young bacteriologist discovered a certain mold that killed a plate of staphylococcus bacteria. He identified the mold as penicillium notatum, much like the stuff you see on old bread. On February 14, 1929, he introduced his product - penicillin to cure bacterial infections.

And in the spirit of true love...

...in 1948, the first event of its kind was held on Daytona Beach, Florida. The event was held on a a 3.2 mile track that was right on the beach - the first NASCAR race. Red Byron edged out Marshall Teague to be the first NASCAR champion in a race that was almost all pre-war Fords. By 1949, the hottest car on the track was the Oldsmobile 88, until the Hudson Hornet came along in 1951. Nuthin' says, "I love you" like more horsepower.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday and no news.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 118 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1898, the US Navy battleship Maine exploded in Havana harbor, killing 260 American sailors from the crew of 400. The explosion was of an undertermined origin, and a navy board of inquiry determined that the Maine was blown up by a mine, without placing blame. Congress and most Americans were convinced the mine was planted by Spain and a declaration of war soon followed with the battle cry, "Remember the Maine!". Failure to reach a diplomatic solution resulted in the Spanish-American war that began in April. It only took three months for the Americans to totally dominate the Spanish, and the treaty of Paris was signed on December 12. The Spanish ceded Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines. Another team of inverstigators in 1976, determined the explosion was caused by a fire in the ammunition hold, and not from a mine.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/USSMaine.jpg
The wreck of the USS Maine in Havana harbor.

...in 1967, J. Frank Duryea, who with his brother, Charles, founded Duryea Motor Wagon works, passed away in Old Saybrook, Conneticut at the ripe old age of 97. The company was founded in 1895, and it considered to be the first American autmobile manufacturer.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Duryeaauto.gif
The Duryea Automobile

...in 1965, a new Canadian flag was adopted. When Canada became a self-governing federation within the British Empire, the Red Ensign was adopted as the flag. It was a solid red flag with the Union Jack occupying the upper-left corner and a crest on the right side. The search for a new flag, one that would better represent an independent nation, began in 1925, but it took four decades to find the right design. The Maple Leaf design is one of the most recognizable flags in the world.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Canada_flag_halifax_9_-04.JPG/180px-Canada_flag_halifax_9_-04.JPG

...in 1903, the first Teddy bear went on display in the window of a toy store owned by Morris Michtom. The story behind the invention is blurred with several different versions to it, but most center around a Roosevelt hunting trip to Mississippi that was set up by Governor Andrew Longino. The legend says that Roosevelt's entourage surrounded a black bear, beat it with clubs and tied it to a tree. Roosevelt refused to shoot the bear, because it "...wouldn't be sporting." He did, however, say the bear should be euthanized. A political cartoon by Clifford Berryman appeared in The Washington Post that depicted the event. Each succeeding cartoon made the bear smaller and cuter. Morris Michtom asked President Roosevelt for permission to use his nickname, Teddy, which was granted. He founded the Ideal Novelty and Toy Company (it closed in 1982) and the "Teddy Bear" quickly became a childhood institution. At the same time, Richard Steiff designed a small, stuffed bear in Germany, unaware of the Roosevelt legend. 3000 of the Steiff bears were imported to the United States in 1903, and the craze grew. Ladies carried Teddy Bears everywhere, photographers posed children with them and Roosevelt, himself, used the Teddy Bear as his campaign mascot in his bid for re-election. John Bratton wrote a tune called The Teddy Bear Two-step and when lyrics by Jimmy Kennedy were added to it, became the popular tune Teddy Bear's Picnic.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/TheodoreRooseveltTeddyBear.jpg/250px-TheodoreRooseveltTeddyBear.jpg
A 1902 cartoon spawned the Teddy Bear craze.

http://www.teddybearandfriends.com/archive/articles/images/history03.jpg
This Steiff Bear was made about 1908
and is in the collection of artist Audie Sison.
For more about Teddy Bears, see the website of
Teddy Bear and Friends (http://www.teddybearandfriends.com/archive/articles/history.html).

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday and no news.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 81 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1878, the Bland-Allison Act was signed into law. (Pay attention to this entry - those who are ignorant of the lessons of history are doomed to relive it.) The new law provided for the US Government to return to the minting of silver coins, which had been outlawed in 1873. The banning of silver coin minting was a controversial issue in the 1870's which might not make sense to us today. Today, US currency is backed by, well, nothing, except the good will of the people and belief in the stability of the government. In the 19th Century, however, currency was backed up by precious metals, with silver and gold being the top choice. (The government reserves of gold are still kept in a vault in Fort Knox, Kentucky.) The "bimetallic standard" meant that paper money was backed by gold deposits and silver was used to mint coins. In 1873, the United States decided to follow the world standard of no longer using precious metals in coinage, silver was a relatively scarce commodity to be using in currency. When the government stopped buying silver, the price fell, hurting mining interests and populist opinion was that money was scarce because of the act, commonly known as the "Crime of '73." A grass roots movement swept the nation to restore the metallic currency standard. Many people believed in a mystical power of silver to restore the sagging economy. Congressman Richard Bland (Democrat -Missouri) lead the movement, earning the nickname, "Silver Dick" and the bill was co-sponsored by William Allison (Republican - Iowa.) As you might expect, the act did little to restore the economy, it simply meant Americans could use silver coins again. The economy continued to sag and it failed to appease the radical metal backers, as a result, the battle over precious metals in currency continued well into the 20th Century. In fact, Bland ran for the presidency in 1896, losing the Democrat nomination to William Jenning Bryan. He threw his support behind Bryan, who used the gold standard as the basis of his failed attempts to win the White House.

http://www.coinfacts.com/silver_dollars/morgan_dollars/1878_morgan_dollars/1878cc_morgan_dollar_obv.jpg

...in 1959, Fidel Castro was sworn in as the prime minister of Cuba after the successful coup d'etat that ousted dictator Fulgencio Bastista.

...in 1852, Henry and Clement Studebaker opened their blacksmith shop in South Bend, Indiana. It eventually became The Studebaker Brothers Manufacturing Company, the world's largest maker of horse drawn carriages. They built luxury carriages for Presidents as well as wagons for the lowest tasks. When the internal combustion engine began to replace the horse, the Studebakers began to build automobiles, which they did until 1966. Although the company is long gone, parts of the Studebaker empire are still in busines.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Lincoln%20Highway/BendixWoods.jpg
The Studebaker family planted pine trees at the proving grounds. As you can see from
this satellite photo, the name can clearly be seen from space. While no Studebaker autos
have been produced since 1966, parts of the manufacturing empire are still in operation and
the family name lives on.

...in 1804, an attack that Admiral Horatio Nelson called "The most daring act of the age," took place in Tripoli Harbor, in today's Libya. The attack was led by US Lieutenant Stephan Decatur, the first American war hero that was not a part of the Revolution. In 1801, tired of Barbary Coast pirates raiding American ships where treasure and sailors were shanghaied, President Thomas Jefferson ordered American forces to the Barbary states of Moroco, Algeria, Tunis and Tripolitania. After a couple of years of minor skirmishes, prolonged confrontations began, but the frigate USS Philadelphia ran aground and was captured by Tripolitan gunboats. The Americans feared that the pirates would use the advanced design of the ship to make better ships, costing a military advantage. Decatur dressed his crew of 74 as Maltese sailors, including nine marines. They sailed into Tripoli harbor on a small, two masted ship and approached the Philadelphia without any response from the Tripolitans. Decatur boarded the Philadelphia, attacked the Tripolitan crew and captured or killed all but two. He set fire to the Philadelphia then slipped out of the harbor without and American loss of life. The Philadelphia exploded when the fire reached the gunpowder hold. Decatur became a national hero. He appeared on the 1886 $20 bill (a Silver Certificate, actually) and several cities (and counties) have been named for him in Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Texas, Georgia, Iowa, Kansas, Tennessee and Missouri, along with many schools.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/StephenDecatur.jpeg
Stephan Decatur (1798-1820)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 100 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1934, State College High School, in State College, Pennsylvania, became the first high school to offer a drivers' education class, offering both classroom and road training. Graduates of the course were granted Pennsylvania drivers' licenses.

...in 1820, The Senate passed the Missouri Compromise, an important attempt to deal with the expansion of slavery into the western territories. The United States was expanding to the west. Southern slave owners, eager to replicate the antebellum plantation system, wanted to keep new western states open to slavery. Abolitionists, mostly from nothern, more industrialized states wanted to curtail the expansion of slavery, hoping it would simply die out if confined to the southern states that already were part of the practice. Both sides realized the importance of legislative power that could come from new states, so the battle raged on. In 1818, Missouri petitioned to enter the union as a slave state. A New York congressman introduced an amendment to the Missouri constitution that banned importation of new slaves and required emancipation of extant slaves. Of course, southern representatives were outraged and the future of slavery became a national issue. As the debate became more bitter, southern states began to talk about secession and a civil war. Congressmen began to discuss a compromise. The Missouri Compromise allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state with Maine entering as a free state. In addition, it spelled out a limitation of slavery in the west, dictating that states coming from Louisiana Territory and north of the latitude of the northern boundary of Arkansas were to be free states. The compromise calmed nerves, but only for a short while. The battle raged on, especially over Texas, Kansas and Nebraska, and the Missouri Compromise was repealed by the Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854. Just 40 years after the compromise, the debate would erupt in a bitter and costly civil war.

...in 1911, the first electric starter was installed in a Cadillac. The invention of the starter was by GM engineers Clyde Coleman and Charles Kettering. Kettering had founded Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company (DELCO) that would be acquired by GM. Kettering made many automotive improvements, including laquer finishes, electrical systems, lighting and leaded gasoline. Kettering also invented the electric cash register while he was working for NCR in Dayton, Ohio.

...in 1904, Giacomo Puccini's opera, Madama Butterfly (Madame Butterfly) opened in Milan at La Scala. The opera premiered in two acts, and was a disaster. The crowd booed and jeered the stage, and Puccini withdrew the opera after one night. He reworked it into three acts and the second version opened on May 28. He wrote a third version for the Metropolitan Opera in New York, and eventually, a fifth version, that became known as the "Standard Version," is the most commonly performed version. The opera revolves around a US Navy officer who marries Geisha, then abandons her. The story was based on a short story by John Luther Long. Puccini was taken with the strength of the female lead, a Geisha who lived in Nagasaki. Today, a statue in Nagasaki commemorates Puccini and Madama Butterfly. According to some reports, Long's short story was based on events that took place in Nagasaki in the mid 1890s. The beloved opera was just one of Puccini's favorites, including Turnandot, Tosca and La Bohème, one of the most beloved operas of all time. Puccini died in 1906, before Turnandot was completed. (Interesting trivia, a 1922 film, in color, called The Toll of the Sea was based on the opera. It was the second two-color Technicolor motion picture ever released and the first film made using Technicolor Process 2.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Hohenstein_Madama_Butterfly.jpg/250px-Hohenstein_Madama_Butterfly.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 118 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1885, Mark Twain published his masterpiece, the controversial novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Samuel Clemens, using the non de plume Mark Twain, introduced Huck as the best friend of Tom in the immensely popular The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, published in 1876. Twain himself thought of Huckleberry Finn as the sequel to Tom Sawyer but the new novel was far more serious and took on major issues of the day, the end of slavery, racism and institutions of the antebellum south. The plot evolves around two runaways, Huck from his father's beatings and Jim from his master, because he was about to be sold away from his family. Huck is determined to get his friend to Ohio and freedom. The book looks at racism and religion in a satirical way, with African Americans portrayed as generous and wise while most of the whites are portrayed as stupid and violent. Huck questions the values and unjust nature of society in general. The book was banned in a Concord, Massachusetts library for being tawdry and called its narrative voice as crude and ignorant. Other libraries followed suit and the controversy continues to this day. (Most critics focus on the use of a certain word and, as is often the case, the strongest critics have never even read the book.) It continues to be popular with young readers, and has inspired many a youthful adventurer to attempt to build a raft. Ernest Hemingway proclaimed that Huckleberry Finn was the beginning of American literature. "There was nothing before. There has been nothing as good since."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Mark_Twain%2C_Brady-Handy_photo_portrait%2C_Feb_7%2C_1871%2C_cropped.j pg/200px-Mark_Twain%2C_Brady-Handy_photo_portrait%2C_Feb_7%2C_1871%2C_cropped.j pg
Samuel Langhorne Clemens in 1871 in
a photo by Matthew Brady. Clemens is
better known by his pen name, Mark Twain.

...in 1930, the ninth planet, Pluto, was discovered by Clyde W. Tombaugh at the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona. The existence of an undiscovered planet was proposed by the namesake of the observatory, Percival Lowell, who theorized that wobble in the orbits of Uranus and Neptune were caused by the gravitational pull of another celestial body. He searched for a decade with no results. Tombaugh, using Lowell's calculations and a new observational technique involving photographic plates, Pluto was uncovered on February 18. It was announced to the public on March 13, Lowell's birthday. In 1978, James Christy and Robert Harrington discovered that Pluto has a moon, or at least one moon, that is about half the size of Pluto itself. However, in 2006, members of the International Astronomical Union announced that Pluto has an oblong orbit that crosses the orbit of Neptune, and therefore, cannot be a planet. (That sounds to me like a bunch of vindictive high schoolers, jealous that they didn't discover the planet or its moon. Saying that Pluto isn't a planet because it crosses the orbit of another planet is like saying a Volkswagen isn't a car because the engine is in the rear.)

http://www.solarviews.com/thumb/pluto/plutonor.gif
Pluto and its moon, Charon.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/PlutoCartoon1-1.jpg
Pluto thinks the IAU is Goofy.

...in 1878, the cold-blooded murder of New Mexico rancher John Tunstall set off what would become known as the Lincoln County War. Tunstall, an English immigrant, set up a large ranching operation in New Mexico's Lincoln County in 1876. He was unfortunate to start his business in the middle of an intense rivalry for political and economic control of the region. J.J. Dolan and L.G. Murphy owned a general store called The House, and it controlled all the beef contracts with the US Government, which meant all the ranchers had to go through their virtual monopoly. The big ranchers, led by Tunstall, Alexander McSween and John Chisum wanted to negotiate their own contracts and began to challenge The House. Tunstall started a competing general store in Lincoln, making Dolan and Murphy his sworn enemies. Tunstall hired gunslingers for protection, including a young man using the alias William Bonney. Through legal wrangling, The House was able to get a warrant for Tunstall and sent a posse for him. A man named William Morton pulled a gun and shot Tunstall in the head with William Bonney as a witness. He was incensed at the murder of his boss, and be began a vendetta that resulted in his nickname and reputation as Billy the Kid. The fighting continued into 1884 with most of the major players shot and killed. When John Chisum died of natural causes in December 1884, the war wound down and The House took control of the county, anyway. The net result of the war was a number of major players were shot and killed and it fostered a great deal of mistrust of everyone. (John Chisum was played by John Wayne in the largely fictionalized 1970 movie about the Lincoln County War, entitled Chisum. The 1988 Emilio Estevez film Young Guns was another version of the war, none of the films ever made about the Lincoln County War were an accurate telling of the war.)

...in 1929, the very first Academy Awards were announced. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was founded in 1927 and announced the first recipients of Academy Awards on February 18. The back page of the academy's newsletter listed the award winners, they were also listed in Variety, the newspaper of the industry, a few days after the announcement. The films were made in 1927 and 1928, and award winners included such household names as Wings for Best Picture, Janice Gaynor as Best Actress and Emil Jennings as Best Actor. The winners were presented with gold statuettes that were unnamed. In 1931, academy Executive Secretary Margaret Herrick remarked that the statue "...resembles my Uncle Oscar" and a lifelong term was coined. Time Magazine reporter Qiang Skolsky was present when she made the remark and reported it in his column. The official title of the statue is Academy Award of Merit and both that title, and Oscar are registered trademarks of the Academy and are fiercely protected.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Academy_Award_Oscar_%28cropped%29.JPG
The Academy Award of Merit has not changed,
except for the base, from its design in 1929.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 89 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1878, Thomas Edison received a patent for the phonograph. The machine used tin cylinders to record sounds, played back through a needle. While a French scientist, Charles Cross, conceived of a phonograph and actually wrote a paper about the device, Edison was the first to build a working model. Always the pragmatic inventor, Edison forsaw his device for several uses, like dictation, the reading of books for the visually impared, education, family records, music boxes and toys, talking clocks, audible preservation of language, telephone messages and call recording and, oh yes, music.

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/edhtml/phono1.jpg

...in 1942, President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 and thus began one of the most shameacful episodes in American history. The order called for the removal of any or all people from military areas as deemed necessary or desirable. In turn, the military defined the area as the entire west coast. More than 110,000 Americans of Japanese ancestry or Japanese nationals, in the country legally, were removed from their homes and moved to interment camps at several remote locations. (At least 62% were American citizens.) For the next nearly three years, these Americans endured rotten conditions and indifferent treatment by their guards. Their ordeal ended on December 17, 1944 when Major General Henry C. Pratt issued Proclamation No. 21, declaring that "evacuees" could return to their homes in January, 1945. Many members of the US Army 442nd Regimental Combat Team were Japanese Americans, and they fought with distinction in the European Theater. Many of these soldiers had family back home, interred in a camp. During the course of WWII, there were 10 Americans convicted of spying for Japan. None of them were of Japanese ancestry. In 1988, President Ronald Reagan signed a bill giving each surviving internee $20,000 and an apology.

http://parentseyes.arizona.edu/wracamps/images/buttecamp-220.jpg
Butte WRA camp in Arizona. (http://parentseyes.arizona.edu/wracamps/) The
photo was taken by the Wartime
Relocation Authority and is owned
by the National Archives. It is
reproduced here for educational
purposes only. Click on the photo
to read more about the interment camps.

...in 1847, the first of the rescue parties from Sutter's Fort reached the stranded Donner Party on the shores of what is now called Donner lake. high in the Sierra Nevada. As you may recall from the update on August 3 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index261.html#post520468) or from February 2 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index271.html#post611658) that the Donner Party was doomed when the left Fort Bridger and instead of following the tried and true route, they elected to follow Hastings Cutoff, a shortcut promoted by Lansford Hastings. Hastings looked at a map and saw a route that was hundreds of miles shorter than the popular route, so he wrote a book about it and promoted the new, shorter route. He never followed it himself, if he had, he would have known it crossed the Great Salt Desert and was all but impassible. It put the Donner Party well behind the prescribed time to clear the Sierra Nevada before Winter. They stopped for a day to rest their animals and they were trapped in the pass by an early snowstorm. Volunteers left the pass to try to get to Sutter's Fort to bring back help, and the first of the rescue teams left Sutter's Fort on January 31 and arrived on February 19. The men yelled out a hello, and a head appeared at the snow line. A woman asked, "Are you from California or are you from Heaven?" One rescuer, recording the events, journaled that the "...rescuer's hallo had been Gabriel's horn raising the dead from their graves." The rescuers feed the starving emigrants and began the evacuation. When the second relief arrived in March, they found that some of the 31 remaining survivors had been eating the dead. The last survivor of the Donner Party was rescued on March 31. Of the 87 pioneers, 48 survived. Two Native Americans, who were part of the relief from Sutter's Fort, became trapped and died, bringing the death toll to 41.


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b2/Donner_Pass_Track_1_Grade.jpg/300px-Donner_Pass_Track_1_Grade.jpg
Donner Pass today. In the distance, Donner
Lake. On the right is the original Central Pacific
crossing over the pass. That's not a tunnel, it's a
man-made structure called a snow shed. To the left of
the tracks, down the grade, is the original Donner Lake
Wagon Road, later the Lincoln Highway (http://www.lincolnhighwayassoc.org/). The current
road can be seen exiting the photo to the lower left.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Lincoln%20Highway/getimage-idxviewidLHC0093cclinchigh.jpg
The Dutch Flat & Donner Lake Wagon Road became the Lincoln Highway in 1913. Thats the Central Pacific Railroad, on the right.
The photo was probably taken by Lincoln Highway Association Field Secretary Henry Osterman, on one of his four annual trips coast-to-coast
on the Lincoln Highway. The photo is circa 1923 and is courtesy of the Special Collections of the University of Michigan Library.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Correction: The photograph referenced in today's original post could not have been taken by Henry Osterman, because he died in a tragic accident near Tama, Iowa in 1920 when the Lincoln Highway Association's official Packard rolled over, killing him instantly.

The photo was probably taken by Gael Hoag, the field secretary who took over for Osterman.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 114 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1962, Lieutenant Colonel John Glenn was launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida aboard the Project Mercury space capsule, Friendship 7, on his way to making the first orbital space flight by an American. Glen was not the first, in fact, Russian Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin was the first man in space and the first to orbit the earth in 1961. Glenn's mission was the third American manned space flight, Alan Shepard, Jr. and Virgil "Gus" Grissom made sub-orbital flights and Russian Cosmonaut Gherman Titov made a record-setting 17 orbit flight and stayed in space for 25 hours. Glenn's launch was watched by millions on television - this reporter remembers every kid in his school glued to a television set in their own or in another classroom. Glenn became a national hero, and as a result, NASA grounded him, rather than risk the death of an icon on future missions. Frustrated with a lack of flying time, he left NASA and went into politics. After serving four terms as a Senator from Ohio, NASA finally re-certified him for space flight, and at 77, he became the oldest person to fly in space, as a payload specialist aboard the shuttle Discovery.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Mercury_6_-_Start.jpg/250px-Mercury_6_-_Start.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mercury_6%2C_John_H_Glenn_Jr.jpg/200px-Mercury_6%2C_John_H_Glenn_Jr.jpg
Left: The Launch of Friendship 7. Right: John Herschel Glenn, Jr.


...in 1972, the death of Walter Winchell brought an end to a radio and newspaper career that was admired or reviled, depending on which end of Winchell's poison pen you were on. He began as a Vaudeville performer and in 1922, he began to write for the Vaudeville News and in 1929, he began to write a gossip column for the New York Daily Mirror. In 1930, he began a radio version of his newspaper gossip column, and he had a style that was all his own. he was a rapid-fire reader of his material, he was once clocked at delivering his news at 215 words per minute. His witty and juicey style was popular and he started every broadcast with "Good evening, Mr. and Mrs. North and South America and all the ships at sea. Let's go to press!" He played himself in several films and was characterized in many others. There is speculation that in the movie Laura, a character named Waldo Lydecker was inspried by Winchell, played by Clifton Webb. His reporting was very popular but was called yellow journalism by his critics. His career faded in the 1950s as television took over from radio. His last major employment was as the narrator for the television series The Untouchables. He had thrown his support behind Senator Joe McCarthy's Communist witch hunt didn't help his career any, and when he died, it was reported that only one person attended his funeral, and that was his daughter.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2f/WalterWinchell.jpg/220px-WalterWinchell.jpg
Winchell broadcasts from the Eisenhower
Inauguration on January 23, 1952.

...in 1972, plans to dig a tunnel between France and England were announced. Dreams of digging a tunnel beneath the English Channel date back to at least 1802 when Napoleon drew plans for a tunnel. France and Britain took advantage of new tunneling technology to actually tackle the monumental task. Huge machines set out from each shore of the channel and met in the middle on December 1 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index267.html#post585780) 1990. (Click on the link to see the update that describes the Chunnel.) The Chunnel went online in 1994.

...in 1942, Lieutenant Commander Edward Henry "Butch" O'Hare became the first American Ace of WWII. O]Hare took off from the carrier Lexington to make a surprise raid on Japanese forces at Rabaul but instead, became an ace in one mission. Most people know that the American strategy in the Pacific was to "island hop" and secure island after island, moving ever closer to the Japanese home islands. Conversely, the Japanese strategy to expand their empire was to island hop, taking island after island, expanding the sphere of influence into the Pacific. The Japanese had taken the island of New Britain and built a major air base at Rabaul on the tip of the island. The base gave them virtually unlimited offensive access to the Solomon Islands, the next target of their strategy. The Lexington sailed into the Coral Sea to challenge that access, and O'Hare's mission was to bomb and strafe the air base. Instead, the ship's radar picked up Japanese bombers headed straight for the carrier. O'Hare and his squad aimed their F4F Wildcats at the bombers and in four minutes, O'Hare personally shot down five of the G4M1 Betty bombers, earning him the title of "Ace." He was awarded the Medal of Honor for his bravery and deadly aim. O'Hare went missing on November 26, 1943 in a night fighter operation. It is assumed he was caught in crossfire, his plane was never found. On September 19, 1949, Chicago's old Orchard Depot Airport was renamed O'Hare International Airport. (There is an urban myth that O'Hare Airport is named for a gangster in the Al Capone organization, which is not true. Butch O'Hare's father was a bookkeeper with Capone but later turned state's evidence to help convict Capone of Income Tax Evasion.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/15/Butch_OHare_F6F-3.jpg/180px-Butch_OHare_F6F-3.jpg
Butch O'Hare in the cockpit of a
Grumman F6F-3 in 1943. The ace
would go missing in September. In
1949, in his honor, Chicago's
Orchard Depot Airport would be
renamed O'Hare International Airport.
The official FAA designation of
Orchard Depot was ORD, which
remains the designation of O'Hare
to this day. That is why, when
you come to conference and fly
into O'Hare, your luggage tags
show ORD.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 107 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1965, in New York City, the African American nationalist and religious leader, Malcom X, was assassinated by Black Muslims while speaking to the Organization of Afro-American Unity, a group that he founded. Talmadge Hayer, aka Thomas Hagan, Norman 3X Butler and Thomas 15X Johnson, members of the Nation of Islam, were arrested and charged with shooting Malcom X with a sawed-off shotgun and two handguns, hitting him with at least 17 rounds. All three were convicted and to this day, maintain their innocence. Butler was paroled in 1985 and is now known as Muhammad Abdul Aziz. Johnson is now known as Khalil Islam and ws released 1987. In prison, he rejected the Nation of Islam and converted to Sunni Islam. Hayer is now known as Mujahid Halim and was paroled in 1993.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Malcolm-x.jpg/180px-Malcolm-x.jpg
Malcom X in 1964

...in 1885, the Washington Monument was dedicated. A memorial to Washington was proposed as early as 1783 and Pierre L'Enfant included space for the monument in his street plan for Washington, D.C. After Washington's death, planning began in earnest. It took until 1832 for a plan to be accepted, a hollow Egyptian obelisk designed by Robert Mills. The cornerstone was laid on July 4, 1848. Political wrangling brought construction to a halt in the mid 1850s and all work stopped during the Civil War. In 1876, with furor over the American centennial, Congress passed a $200,000 appropriation for completion of the monument. (You can see a visible difference in the color of the marble used after the layoff ended, about 150 feet up on the monument.) Upon completion, the Washington Monument was the tallest structure in the world. Today it remains, by ordinance, the tallest building in Washington.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Washington_Monument_Dusk_Jan_2006.jpg/288px-Washington_Monument_Dusk_Jan_2006.jpg
The Washington Monument at dusk.
Photo by David Iliff, used by permission (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/") and
may not be reproduced.

...in 1972, President Richard Nixon arrived in Beijing for a week of talks with leaders of the People's Republic of China. Today, Richard Nixon is remembered for the Watergate scandal while his brilliant strategy in China, with it's long lasting results, are seldom mentioned. In the 1950's, Nixon had been an outspoken critic of communism and had gone so far as to accuse the Truman Administration of losing China to the communists in 1949. By the late 1960's, the world had changed immensely. The US was involved in the unpopular war in Viet Nam, supporting the South Vietnam allies against the communist North Vietnam. It was assumed that North Vietnam was getting its help from Red China when, in fact, the backing came from the Soviet Union. Tensions were running high between the Chinese and Soviets, in fact, border skirmishes were quite common. Nixon and his National Security Advisor, Henry Kissinger, recognized an opportunity to drive a wedge even further between the two major communist powers, perhaps to gain an edge in negotiating a "peace with honor," as Nixon called it, in Viet Nam. The visit accomplished that goal, as the North Vietnamese and Red Chinese were not the staunch allies they proclaimed as much as mutually suspicious allies. Historian Walter LaFeber said, "Instead of using Vietnam to contain China, Nixon had concluded that he better use China to contain Vietnam. China, in turn, welcomed the opportunity to increase trade with the United States.

(Kissinger had begun secret negotiations with North Vietnam on this date in 1970. The negotiations did not go well with the Vietnamese setting unreasonable terms for a cease fire. The negotiations changed considerably after Nixon opened up talks with the Red Chinese.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Nixon_Mao_1972-02-29.png/300px-Nixon_Mao_1972-02-29.png
Chairman Mao Zedong and President Richard Nixon in Beijing, 1972.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 77 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1980, with 3 seconds remaining in the "Miracle on Ice" game, the voice of Al Michaels posed the question, "Do you believe in miracles?" and seconds later, as the game ended, he added the exclamation point, "YES!" It happened at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, NY when the underdog American hockey team upset the heavily favored Soviet Union team, rated by many to be the best hockey team to ever play in the Olympics. As important as the victory was, what the Americans did to the Soviets paled in comparison to what they accomplished in the minds and hearts of Americans. Americans had been held hostage by Iran, the economy was struggling, the Soviets had invaded Afghanistan and the country needed the jolt of patriotism that the hockey team presented us. The world said the team simply overachieved, not giving much credit to the likes of Mark Johnson, Neal Broten, Mark Pavelich, Ken Morrow, Dave Christina and Mike Ramsey, who all went on to sparkling careers in the NHL. "We were a damn good hockey team," Mike Ramsey said. At the 10 minute mark, exactly halfway into the third (and final) period, John Harrington made a pass to Mike Eruzione who skated into the slot and slapped the puck into the net for what would become the winning goal. The explosion of voices was deafening, as 8,500 rabid fans began the chant of "USA! USA! USA!" that did not end for the remaining 10 minutes of the game. It was not the game that gave the American team the Gold Medal, that anticlimactic game came 2 days later when the team came from behind to defeat Finland 4-2, but it is the Miracle on Ice that everyone remembers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/archive/2/2a/20060708164929%21Miracle_on_Ice_-_Eruzione_goal_celebration.jpg
Do you believe in miracles? YES!

Watch the chilling moment here. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QTev5pSuYLk)

...in 1923, the 1,000,000 Chevrolet rolled off the assembly line. The Chevrolet Motor Company was founded by William "Billy" Durant, the founder of General Motors who was later forced out of the company he founded in 1910. In 1911, he teamed up with race car driver, Louis Chevrolet, who was with the Buick Racing Team and had even driven for Henry Ford at one time. The partnership ran into disagreements, mostly over what style of car to build, and Durant bought out his partner. Durant made enough money that in 1916, he was able to buy controlling interest of General Motors again. He rolled Chevrolet into GM in 1917, giving GM the lineup it still has.

http://www.remarkablecars.com/main/chevrolet/1923-chevrolet-copper-cooled-1.jpg
1923 Chevrolet Coupe at the National Auto Museum in Reno, Nevada.

...in 1732, George Washington was born in Westmoreland County, Virginia. He took his first job at the age of 17, as a surveyor in the Shenandoah Valley. He joined the British army in 1752 and served in the French and Indian War as a lieutenant. At war's end, he returned to manage Mount Vernon, the estate that he inherited from an older brother. In 1759, he married a wealthy widow, Martha Dandridge Custis. He also served in the Virginia House of Burgesses and with his compatriots, became frustrated with King George and the British rule. In 1775, the Continental Congress overwhelmingly selected Washington as the commander-in-chief of the newly formed Continental Army. He was a natural leader and although he led about as many losing battles as he did winning battles, the wins were spectacular enough to rally Americans to the cause. It was because of this natural talent that he was unanimously chosen to the first President of the United States. It is difficult to separate fact from fiction sometimes, he never really did cut down his father's cherry tree, but it is still an iconic fixture of his story. While he did have dental problems, his teeth were not made of wood but of cow or hippo bones. He was stubborn, too, leading John Adams to once refer to him as "Old Muttonhead." Loved and respected, however, his granddaughter said he was a prisoner of his own celebrity. Abagail Adams said Washington possessed “...a dignity which forbids familiarity mixed with an easy affability which creates love and reverence.” He died on December 14, 1799 and in his will, he described himself as "George Washington, of Mount Vernon, a citizen of the United States."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Portrait_of_George_Washington.jpeg/140px-Portrait_of_George_Washington.jpeg
Washington in military regalia, by Rembrandt Peale

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 103 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1945, during the battle for Iwo Jima, U.S. Marines raised an American flag over Mount Suribachi at the south end of the island. The flag was too small to be seen from the beach, so a Marine commander ordered a second, larger flag to replace the first one. Associated Press photographer, Joseph Rosenthal, captured the second flag raising on film. The result was the most reproduced photograph in history. Iwo Jima is part of a group of islands known collectively as the Bonin Island group, more familiarly referred to as the Ogasawara Islands. Iwo Jima was an uninhabited volcanic island (Suribachi is an inactive volcanic vent.) It is basically flat, making it an ideal location for an airstrip. The Japanese fortified Iwo Jima, knowing it would be an American target but also because it would be a base to defend the home islands against the relentless attacks of American B-29 Superfortresses. For that reason, American military leaders sought to secure Iwo Jima and the Japanese naval facility on nearby Chichi Jima.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c8/MemorialonMtSuribachi.jpg/180px-MemorialonMtSuribachi.jpg
On January 16, 2003, F-14 Tomcats
assigned to the Black Knights of
Fighter Squadron One Five Four
perform a fly-by of the memorial
on Mt. Suribachi on Iwo Jima Island.
The memorial is to the flag raising
during Battle of Iwo Jima on top of
Mt. Suribachi. (The U.S. Navy photo is
by Lt. j.g. Greg Kausner.) The memorial
reads: "Among the Americans who
served on Iwo Jima, uncommon valor
was a common virtue." — Nimitz.

The battle for the strategic piece of rock began on February 19, with a naval bombardment of the island. Unknown to the Americans, the Japanese were far below ground in an underground fortress, a network of tunnels and rooms that were untouched by tons of American ordnance. The flag raising did not mark the end of the battle, in fact, the battle for Iwo Jima would last until March 26! When it was all over, of the 22,000 soldiers on the island, the Japanese lost 21,703 who died either from fighting or by ritual suicide. Only 216 were taken prisoner. The Allied forces suffered 27,909 casualties, with 6,825 killed in action. Two Japanese soldiers did not surrender nor get word that the war was over. They survived on the island before finally surrendering in 1951.

One of the members in the second flag raising was John Bradley, a funeral director from Antigo, Wisconsin.¹ The Bradley Funeral Home is still in operation, although it is in a flashy new building, relocated from the original funeral home where Mr. Bradley buried my grandmother in 1971. One of my proudest moments was meeting Mr. Bradley, although at the time, I did not realize the significance of his history. To me, and to thousands of people, he is a hero. To John Bradley, he was no hero, just a guy doing his job. "The guys who didn't come home," he once said, "They're the heroes."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a1/WW2_Iwo_Jima_flag_raising.jpg/350px-WW2_Iwo_Jima_flag_raising.jpg
The photo of the second flag raising, snapped by Joseph Rosenthal of the Associated Press, is the most widely reproduced photograph in history.

In John Bradley's own words, here are the people in the photograph. "I'm the one that's second from the right as you're looking at the picture. And right next to me there you can see a man's helmet sticking up, that's Pfc. [Private First Class Rene A.] Gagnon [USMC]. The man bending over nearest to the ground is [Corporal Harlon Henry Block] [USMC]. And the one in back of us with the rifle slung on his shoulder is Pfc. Ira Hayes [USMC]. He is also a survivor. And the one in back of Hayes, is Pfc. [Frank R.] Sousley [USMC] who was later killed in action on the north end [of the island]. And there's two men that you can hardly see in the picture, they are from, the one on the right hand side is Pfc. Rene Gagnon who is a survivor of the flag raising. And the other one in back of Gagnon is Sergeant [Michael] Strank [USMC] who was killed later in action on the north end of Iwo Jima."

...in 1893, Rudolph Diesel was granted a German patent on the engine that would bear his name. His invention uses fuel oil instead of gasoline and heated, compressed air instead of an electrical spark. Diesel engines supply great power with fuel efficiency, making them ideal in freight hauling situations. Diesel engines supply power to trucks and railroad locomotives, as well as in stationary engine applications. To see an animation of how a diesel engine works, visit a website called thinkquest (http://library.thinkquest.org/C006011/english/sites/diesel.php3?v=2) although, I suspect the English was translated from German by a student. Don't let the strange wording fool you, the site is packed with good info. The animation is near the bottom of the page.

http://library.thinkquest.org/C006011/images/portrait/diesel.gif

...in 1980, Eric Heiden, from Madison, Wisconsin, skated his way into the record books when he won his 5th Gold Medal at the Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York. He is an icon in the speedskating community and is a folk hero in the Netherlands and Norway where the sport of speedskating is huge, although he is less famous here in the United States. Heiden also won the World Championship in allround in 1977, 1978, 1979 and in sprint in 1977, 1978, 1979 and 1980. After retiring from skating, Heiden went on to medical school and today, Dr. Heiden in an orthopedic surgeon in Utah. His father, Jack Heiden practiced as an orthopedic surgeon and his sister, Beth Heiden, is also an accomplished speedskater and cross-country skier. Dr. Heiden was listed at #46 in the ESPN SportsCentury Greatest Athletes of the 20th Century in 1999, the only speedskater on the list.

http://espn.go.com/i/sportscentury/inline/heiden.jpg
Eric Heiden in action.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

¹ John Bradley's son, James, knew little, if any, of his father's story from World War II until after he passed away. What he learned about his father inspired him to write his father's story in Flags of Our Fathers. He told another story in the follow-up book, Flyboys. If you've seen Clint Eastwood's movie version of Flags of Our Fathers but not read the book, you really need to read the book and see what was left out of the movie - and why it had to be left out. I can tell you that I understand far more about my own father now, after reading his books. They are an incredibly important historical lesson for all Americans. Please, if haven't done so, read James Bradley's two books.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 105candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1836, Colonel William Travis of the Texan revolutionary army, sent his famous message from The Alamo, pleading for help and reinforcements. He started the message to "The People of Texas and All Americans in the World" and ended the message with the phrase, "Victory or death." Texas was a state of Mexico at the time, but soured relations between the Anglo-American Texans and the Mexican government led to the start of a revolution in 1835. Travis was in command of the revolutionary army that was situated in San Antonio, fighting for Texas independence. The Mexican army, 5,000 strong under Santa Anna, arrived unexpectedly in San Antonio, chasing Travis and his band into the old mission, known as The Alamo. James Bowie and David Crockett, both who had developed fame before arriving at The Alamo, died in the subsequent battle after Santa Anna laid siege to The Alamo. The Texians were wiped out completely, save for a courier who managed to escape with a message, but he died in a subsequent battle a few days later. The Texians did manage to inflict 600 deaths on Santa Anna's forces. On April 21, Sam Houston's army defeated Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto with the Texians shouting, "Remember the Alamo!" The decisive victory drove Santa Anna out of Texas, gaining its independence.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Alamo_replica.jpg/180px-Alamo_replica.jpg
The replica of The Alamo is in Alamo Villiage. It
was built for the 1960 John Wayne film The Alamo
which has been called the most inaccurate of
all the stories told about the event.

...in 1944, Merrill's Marauders, a guerrilla force under the command of General Frank Merrill, began an amazing campaign against the Japanese in northern Burma. In August of 1942, President Franklin Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill decided that a ground unit in Burma could partake in a "long-range penetration mission" in Japanese occupied areas in Burma. 3000 people volunteered for the mission, code named Galahad. Gen. Merrill trained his troops in the jungles of India, for secrecy's sake. The commandos were divided into six groups of 400 men each, Red, White, Blue, Green, Orange, and Khaki. The remaining 600 men were rear-eschelon support for the teams. The Marauders made a 1,000 mile walk into Burma, carrying all their supplies. Resupply came only from air drops. The Marauders penetrated into Japanese held territory and caused numerous disruptions in communications and supply lines, even capturing an airfield. All the remaining Marauders were hospitalized with various tropical diseases, malnutrition, fungal infections and A.O.E., an Accumulation Of Everything. Merrill's Marauders advanced through 750 miles of jungle and fought in 5 major engagements along with uncounted minor skirmishes. In a very unusual circumstance, every member was awarded the Bronze Star, unfortunately, many were posthumous and the unit received the Distinguished Unit Citation. The unit was disbanded and merged into the 475th Infantry, which was renamed the 75th Infantry Regiment, which today, is the 75th Ranger Regiment.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/75_Ranger_Regiment_Regimental_Flash.PNG
Today's Army Rangers wear a flash that includes a six-color stripe to honor Merrill's Marauders: red, white, blue, green, orange and khaki.

...in 1938, Variety reported that MGM had casted The Wizard of Oz with Judy Garland as Dorothy, Roy Bolger as the Tin Man and Buddy Ebsen for the role of the Scarecrow. Bloger was unhappy with being the Tin Man nd aranged for a swap. Ebsen was unable to complete the project, nine days after shooting began he was poisoned by the aluminum powder in his makeup. Jack Haley replaced him and no footage of Ebsen as the Tin Man has ever been released. The movie premiered at The Strand theater in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin on August 12, 1939.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/71/Buddy_Ebsen_Tin_Man.jpg/225px-Buddy_Ebsen_Tin_Man.jpg
Buddy Ebsen, a well respected hoofer, fell ill
during shooting and was unable to continue as
the Tin Man. He would go on to some fame in
television as Jed Clampett and Barnaby Jones.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There was one development in Paige's case yesterday but no news. CBS News told us they will be updating Paige's story this Saturday night. See the details in my thread about it (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/cbs-news-48-hours-paige-birgfeld-50033/).

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 102 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1919, Oregon became the first state to impose a gasoline tax. The funds of the 1% tax went to fund road construction and maintenance. ONE PERCENT! Oh, for the good old days. (Oregon gasoline tax is 24¢.) Today, the Federal Fuel Tax is 18.4¢ per gallon, and this week, it was reported that the tax is not generating enough revenue! Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood, this week, called for us to be taxed by the mileage we actually drive, calculated by a satellite tracking device in our vehicles. (The highest fuel taxes are charged in the W states, Washington (36¢) Wisconsin (32.9¢) West Virginia (32.2¢) which are in addition to the 18.3¢ charged by the feds. The Wisconsin governor tells us that the gas tax isn't high enough!) You can see what you're being ripped off on the Motor Fuel Excise Tax Rate Chart (http://www.taxadmin.org/fta/rate/motor_fl.html) on the Tax Administration web site.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Gas%20Jokes/repro_wayne.gif

...in 1933, Tonto made his first appearance on The Lone Ranger. Of course, no one ever seemed to notice that the Lone Ranger was no longer alone with his "...faithful Indian companion..." by his side but that didn't seem to matter much. Since the show was on radio, Tonto was strictly a plot advancement tool, giving the Ranger someone to talk to, allowing him to share with the audience and not have to talk to his horse, Silver. Unlike Silver, Tonto could answer, although his pidgen English left listeners scratching their heads. The Lone Ranger went on to be one of the most popular radio and television programs of all time. (Advertising genius, Stan Frieberg, even put the Lone Ranger and Tonto into a Jeno's Pizza Rolls television spot (http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x448go_famous-pizza-roll-commercial-from-t_shortfilms) in the 1960's, that was also a brilliant parody of Lark Cigarette spots of the era. Both Lark and Jeno's used The William Tell Overture for music. Lark had a series of spots that asked the man-on-the-street to "show us your Lark pack." Click on the link to see the spot.)

http://img176.imageshack.us/img176/3707/1c8vs.jpg
Jay Silverheels as Tonto. Read more about this
fascinating man on this Jay Silverheels (http://nimst.tripod.com/cgi-bin/UC9.html) fansite.

...in 1890, Vlacheslav Mikhaylovich Skryabin was born in Kurkaka, Russia. He was better known by the revolutionary name that he took, Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov. He was an organizer of the Bolshevik Party and he became the secretary of the Central Committee after Vladimir Lenin ascended to power during the Russian Revolution. Molotv went on to be a hard-line negotiator for the Soviet, earning President Roosevelt's nickname, "Stone Ass." During World War II, Molotov was an advocate of tossing bottles, filled with a flammable liquid and stuffed with a fire-lit rag, at an enemy target. Thus, the "Molotov Cocktail" was born.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Molotov_cocktail_flam.jpg/180px-Molotov_cocktail_flam.jpg
The Molotov Cocktail, some kind of
heritage to be remembered by.

...in 1862, Congress passed the Legal Tender Act, allowing the printing of paper money to be used as specie, something the CSA had been doing since the begining of the Civil War. The US Governmenrt had depleted its store of gold and silver to pay for the war and needed a way to pay its bills. The paper money, known as "Greenabacks" worked very well and paved the way for today's currency. An income tax and steep excise taxes prevented the inflation that usually follows the printing of money (pay attention to that factoid!) and kept the economy in check while promoting its growth.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/USNotes.jpg/300px-USNotes.jpg

...in 1928, the first license for a television broadcast station was granted. It was for a laboratory in Washington, D.C. and operated until 1932. The regulation of broadcasting has been there since the beginning. The Wireless Act of 1910 mandated that American ships have a transmitter and a qualified radio operator aboard. In the 1920's, the regulation extended to power, towers, identification of stations and advertsing. The Radio Act of 1928 created the Federal Communications Commission and the granddaddy of them all, the Radio Act of 1934 set the broadcasting industry as we know it today, with call letters, frequency assignment, transmission power, and the Emergency Broadcast System to rapidly distribute information during disasters.

The industry was deregulated in the 1980's, under the Reagan Administration. The Radio Act of 1934 had strict regulations about ownership but by the 1980s, it was becoming too expensive for an owner to maintain one or two outlets. The deregulation allowed large companies to own multiple broadcast outlets and apply economies of scale to streamline operations and make losers into winners. Automation and satellite feeds placed the same programming on multiple stations and allowed many smaller, essentially defunct stations, to stay on the air. The deregulation also breathed life into the AM radio band that was virtually extinct with the expansion of superior FM signals. The dereg saw the development of syndicated programming, especially a phenomenon called "talk radio" that made the AM band back into a commercial success. Love him or hate him, the most successful radio program on the air today is the Rush Limbaugh Show that reaches 20 million listeners per hour.

Interesting sidebar: In 1951, the FCC mandated the CONtrol of ELctronic RADiation, or Conalrad, on 604 kHz and 1240 kHz to distribute information about nuclear attacks. All radios had little Civil Defense symbols at 604 and 1240 on the dial so you could find your local conalrad station. Part of the idea was to stop all broadcasting, except Conalrad, so Russian bombers couldn't follow broadcast signals to large population centers. Conalrad was discontinued in 1963 and replaced by the Emergency Broadcast System.)

...in 1848, Edward Henry Harriman was born in Hempstead, New York. He went on to be the savior of the Union Pacific cross continental railroad, and became a punchline in the script of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid in a line uttered by the character Woodcock, under siege by the Wild Bunch. Harriman quit school at the ge of 14 to become a messenger boy on Wall Street, and rose quickly to having a seat on the stock exchange at the age of 22. At that time, he began to aquire railroad stock and became a rail barron by purchasing bankrupt railroads, revitalizing them, and reselling them at a huge profit.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Edward_Henry_Harriman_1899.jpg/225px-Edward_Henry_Harriman_1899.jpg
E.H. Harriman (1848-1909)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no real new developments in Paige's case yesterday, although, the story of Colorado families looking for help to solve cold cases is out on the wires and reaching more news outlets. You can read about it in the thread called Families Appeal to Colorado (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/families-appeal-colorado-help-cold-cases-49994/). CBS News also says they'll be broadcasting an update on 48 Hours this Saturday, see the thread called CBS News 48 Hours (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/cbs-news-48-hours-paige-birgfeld-50033/) to read more about it. There was no other news, no other developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 89 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1993, a terrorist bomb, inside a rented van, exploded at the World Trade Center, in the parking structure, at 12:18 PM. The first attack on the WTC left a crater about 60 feet wide. Several floors surrounding the area collapsed, killing six and injuring 1,042 people. The blast caused $500 million in damage. New York City authorities and the FBI unleashed a giant manhunt. Within days, several radical Islamists were arrested, and in 1994, Mohammed Salameh, Ahmad Ajaj, Nidal Ayyad, and Mahmoud Abouhalima were convicted and sentenced to life in prison. Salameh blew his cover when he went back to Ryder to retrieve the $400 deposit on the rental of the van. The mastermind of the attack was Ramzi Ahmed Yousef, who was arrested two years later in Pakistan. A computer of his, captured by authorities, revealed plans to kill Pope John II and to bomb 15 American airliners. There are tenuous links between Yousef and Osama bin Laden.
Ramzi Ahmed Yousef said that his only regret was that the 110 story tower did not collapse and fall into the twin tower. The plan, had it worked, would have killed thousands of people. The collapse would finally be achieved on September 11, 2001. They were at war with us, but we weren't at war with them. They are still at war with us, and the lessons of 1993 and 2001 must not be forgotten.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/WTC_1993_ATF_Commons.jpg
The aftermath of the bombing in the parking structure.

...in 1935, Adolph Hitler began the secret rearming of Germany by creating the Reich Lutwaffe, the third branch of the Nazi military, with the army and navy. Hermann Goering, the WWI hero, was appointed the commander of the Luftwaffe. The Treaty of Versailles prohibited military aviation but the new German airline, Lufthansa, provided flight training for the future military pilots. The Luftwaffe grew in size and stature, but in secret. The Messerschmidt Bf 109 was the flagship of the Luftwaffe and was superior to anything flying in Europe at the time. As the war began, the Luftwaffe was a major component in the Blitzkrieg strategy. It was invincible until the Battle of Britain, when its first defeat was at the hands of the British. In the face of relentless attacks by British and American air forces, the Luftwaffe lost its superiority over Europe and by the time of the D-Day invasion, there was little of the Luftwaffe left.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Messerschmitt_Bf_109G-10_USAF.jpg/300px-Messerschmitt_Bf_109G-10_USAF.jpg
Messerschmidt Bf 109G-10 at the Air Force Museum in Dayton, Ohio.

...in 1903, Alexander Winton set the first speed record at Daytona Beach. The Winton Bullet Number 1, with a four cylinder engine, was in a race at Daytona Beach a year earlier, against Ransom E. Olds but the race resulted in a tie. On this date in 1903, the Bullet Number 2 set a record speed of over 65 mph. The Bullet Number 2 had two four cylinder engines bolted together, making a straight 8 cylinder engine.

http://z.about.com/d/cleveland/1/5/q/1/-/-/1902wintonracecar.jpg
Winton Bullet Number 2

...in 1919, and in 1929, two national parks were established. In 1919, the Grand Canyon was set aside as a national park followed by Grand Tetons in 1929.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Wide_angle_tetons.jpg/800px-Wide_angle_tetons.jpg
The Grand Tetons range as seen from Jackson Hole.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 94 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1960, the US Olympic hockey team defeated the Soviet Union in Squaw Valley, California. The next day, the US went on to defeat Czechoslovakia and win the first-ever Gold Medal in hockey. Jack Riley, who had been a member of the 1948 team, coached a team with two sets of brothers, Bill and Bob Cleary and Bill and Roger Christian. Bill Christian's son, David, would be a member of the 1980 "Miracle on Ice" hockey team, that would defeat the highly favored Soviet Union team on the way to winning the gold again.

...in 2003, Fred Rogers passed away from stomach cancer at the age of 74. He was Presbyterian minister, writer, puppeteer and better known to generations as Mister Rogers. His award winning television show, Mister Rogers' Neighborhood ran on PBS for more than 30 years, featuring Mr. Rogers, of course, but also Mr. McFeely and puppets in the land of Make Believe, where viewers were taken by the Neighborhood Trolley to meet King Friday XIII, Queen Sara Saturday, Curious X the Owl and Henrietta Pussycat. (McFeely was Fred Rogers' middle name.) Although it seemed that Mister Rogers' Neighborhood had been passed up by high-tech productions and slick packaging, his fixed formula served him well and resulted in 998 episodes, four Emmys and a Peabdoy Award. He retired in 2000, but came out of retirement to make PSAs to aid children and parents to deal with the tragedy of 9/11. His trademark red sweater hangs in the Smithsonian Institution.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Fred_Rogers_White_House.jpg
Mister Rogers meets President George Bush in the White House, April 3, 2002. On July 9, he
received the Presidential Medal of Freedom. During the presentation, President Bush said,
"Fred Rogers has proven that television can soothe the soul and nurture the spirit and teach
the very young."

...in 1948, it took the FTC and a court order to protect the company that innovated the mechanical hero of World War II, the jeep. The Willys-Overland Company was one of three companies (Ford, Bantam and Willys) that produced the jeep for the army during the war. All three had developed prototypes for the army, but it was the Bantam that won. Unfortunately, Bantam was a small operation (in more ways than one) and could not meet the army production demands, so Ford and Willys built jeeps to Bantam specifications. In 1943, Willys began to claim that the company had developed the jeep, when in fact, Bantam had done so. At the end of the war, the army demanded that all tooling be destroyed. Bantam was sold and reduced to making trailers. Ford, of course, went back to making cars. Willys continued to build the jeep and sold it to the consumer market as the CJ-2, but was enjoined from claiming development of the versitile little brute.

http://oldcarandtruckpictures.com/Jeeps/1941Bantam-c.jpg
1941 American Bantam Jeep

...in 1827, masked students danced through the streets of New Orleans, beginning the annual tradition of Mardi Gras. The celebration of Carnival (the weeks between the Twelfth Night, January 6 and Ash Wednesday) originated in Rome, spread across Europe, and across the ocean to the New World. Carnival is an over-the-top celebration in Rio de Janiero and New Orleans. It was French settlers who brought Mardi Gras (Fat Tuesday) to New Orleans but Spanish governors outlawed the celebration by banning the wearing of masks in the streets. After Louisiana became part of the United States in 1803, the ban on masks was lifted. In 1857, plantation owner Bernard Xavier de Marigny de Mandeville began sponsoring a large Mardi Gras celebration but by the 1850s, rowdy revelers were getting out of hand, even violent. The Mistick Krewe of Comus, a secret society, launched an organized celebration and parade in 1857. Contrary to popular belief, the parades are not in the French Quarter, banned in 1979 because of the narrow streets. Mardi Gras is attended by 300,000 to 400,000 people each year. Mardi Gras in 2006 was likely the most important of all of the celebrations since 1827 because it was the first one after Hurricane Katrina and marked the recovery of New Orleans, devastated by the hurricane.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/img_0980.jpg


That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 124 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1953, James D. Watson and Frances H.C. Crick, scientists at Cambridge University, announced that they had determined the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA (for short.) DNA itself was nothing new, in fact, it was discovered in 1869 although its role in genetic inheritance wasn't determined until 1943. Many scientists were working on determining the structure. It was on this date that Watson and Crick announced they determined the structure of DNA was a double-helix polymer, or a spiral of two DNA strands, each containing a long chain of monomer nucleotides, wound around each other. (Don't feel bad. I have no idea what that means, either.) Watson and Crick reported that DNA replicated itself by separating into individual strands, each of which became the template for a new double helix. Crick made the first announcement of their find when he went to the Eagle Pub and blurted out, "We found the secret of life."

http://genomics.energy.gov/gallery/basic_genomics/originals/762.jpg
U.S. Department of Energy Genome Programs at Oak Ridge National Laboratory
created this image of the DNA molecule.

Q: How can you tell a boy chromosome from a girl chromosome?

A: You pull down their genes.

...in 1932, Ford Motor Company produced the last Model A. It was a closing to another chapter in the lore of Ford Motor Company. The venerable Model T had put America on wheels, but after 19 years, it was outdated and in need of replacement. Henry Ford's remarkable V8 engine was not yet ready for production, so the Model A was introduced at the stop-gap between the Model T and the V8. It featured a 40 horsepower engine, twice what the Model T had, a sliding-gear transmission, an electric starter and styling that followed the high-end Lincoln. (In some circles, the Model A was called the "Baby Lincoln." 5 million Model A's were built between 1927 and 1932 and it is estimated that perhaps as many as 1 million still exist.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Model_A/th_31droadsterEM.jpg (http://smg.photobu)cket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Model_A/?action=view&current=31droadsterEM.jpg)
1931 Ford Model A Deluxe Roadster
Click on the photo to see it full size.

...in 1993, agents of the US Treasury Department's Bureau fo Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms launched a raid into the Branch Davidian compound, Mount Carmel, in Waco, Texas. Gunfire erupted, and when the smoke cleared, four ATF agents were dead and 15 wounded. Six of the members of the Branch Davidian Cult were fatally wounded and several more injured, including the leader, David Koresh. The ATF withdrew and the FBI took over the operation. The resulting standoff lasted for several weeks, the Davidians were prepared for Armageddon and were well stocked with supplies and ammunition. On April 18, 1993, US Attorney General Janet Reno approved a tear gas assault. Nine minutes after the tear gas cannisters were launched, multiple fires broke out in the compound with several Davidians fleeing the compound. When it was over, Koresh, 58 adults and 22 children were dead. In 1999, the FBI admitted to having used tear gas grenades in the assualt. The incidiary nature of the grenades may have caused the fires.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Last night, CBS News rebroadcast the episode of 48 Hours Mystery entitled The Secret Life of Paige Birgfeld that originally aired on June 10, 2008. It was virtually the same report but it was edited for content, updated with some new information and edited for timeliness. We can only hope the rebroadcast will jump start the search and investigation. Someone, somewhere, knows something that will bring this case to a close. There were no other new developments in her case.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 105 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1897, Alexander Winton organized the Winton Motor Carriage Company in Cleveland, Ohio. Winton had been making bicycles for a dozen years when the fiercely competitive Scotsman went into the fledgling automobile buisness. He wanted to race his own cars, a la Ranson E. Olds. In fact, a race to a draw between Winton and Olds in 1902 was the start of racing on Daytona Beach. In 1903, Winton set the land-speed record and became the first man to drive faster than a mile a minute. In 1903, Dr. Horatio Nelson Jackson became the first man to drive coast-to-coast and he did it in a used Winton that he bought in San Francisco to make the journey. Ford had defeated Winton in 1901, spreading the reputation of Ford, paving the way for the incorporation of Ford Motor Company and one of the competitors that would drive Winton out of the automobile business.

http://americanhistory.si.edu/onthemove/img/media/l/506.jpg
Alexander Winton and Henry Ford raced in 1901. At the end of the race,
after winning the contest, Ford jumped down from his car and said, "That's
the last time I do THAT!" and hired Barney Oldfield to drive for him.

...in 1961, President John F. Kennedy signed executive order #10924 that created the Peace Corps as a part of the State Department. The prototype of the Peace Corps was called the Point Four Youth Corps, proposed by Congressman Henry Reuss of Wisconsin in the late 1950s. Kennedy picked up on the growing support of the idea and made it part of his campaign platform. Today, more than 7,000 Peace Corps volunteers serve in more than 70 countries. Since 1961, more than 180,000 people are veterans of the Peace Corps and have served in over 134 nations.

...in 1692, Salem Village in Massachusetts Bay Colony was the location for the trials of Sarah Goode, Sarah Osborne and a slave, Tituba, accused of practicing witchcraft. Under pressure, Tituba confessed to the crime and the floodgates opened in the hunt for witches in the colony. It all began when 9 year old Elizabeth Parris and 11 year old Abigail Williams began experiencing fits. A doctor concluded they were under the spell of a witch. Over 150 men, women and even children were investigated for pracitcing witchcraft. In June, 1692, Justice William Stoughton began the Court of Oyer and Terminer (to hear and to decide) to judge the accused. 14 women and 4 men were hanged, and one man was executed by crushing. In October, Governor William Phipps of Massachusetts order the closure of the Court of Oyeer and Terminer and opening of the Superior Court of Judicature. The executions stopped and those awaiting trial were pardoned.

...in 1941, radio station W47NV began broadcasting in Nashville, Tennessee. Besides having the most un-sexy call letters in the market, it was the first station in the United States to transmit with frequency modulation, more commonly known as FM. Prior to that station going on the air, all broadcasting was done with amplitude modulation, of AM, which can carry for long distances but is prone to interference, static and cross-talk. FM is less susceptible to static and cross-talk but because FM signals are line-of-sight, the signal is limited in the distance it can carry. (The signal actually travels in a straight line and because the earth is round, the signal continues off into space.)

...in 1917, the contents of the Zimmerman Telegram were published in the United States. It was a message from the German ambassador to Mexico proposing a Mexican-German alliance. The telegram was intercepted and decrypted by British Intelligence. The message suggested that if Mexico aligned with Germany, and Germany was victorious, it would restore Texas, New Mexico and Arizona to Mexico. (The land has been seded to the United States as part of the settlement of the Mexican-American War in the mid 19th Century.) The telegram helped sway public opinion to entering WWI, with Americans already incensed with German U-boats sinking unarmed American commercial ships. (Mexico realized this was an impractical offer as retaking the land would result in war with the United States and the only serious arms producer in the western hemisphere was the United States. Mexico formally refused the German offer on April 14, long after the US had entered the war.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Ztel1b.jpg

...in 1932, the first of several events labeled The Crime of the Century took place when Charles A. Lindbergh, Jr. was kidnapped from his second-floor nursery in the new mansion of Charles and Anne Morrow Lindbergh. On the night of March 1, the toddler was put to bed about 7 PM by Mrs. Lindbergh and the nanny, Betty Gow. Ms. Gow stayed with the baby until he was asleep, then went to check on him about 10. He was missing. A homemade ladder was found below the window, it was the perfect length to reach the window. A ransom note arrived, handwritten, fraught with mistakes. It demanded $50,000.00. Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf, superintendent of the New Jersey State Police was one of the authorities on the scene. (Yes, his name does sound familiar and yes, it's his father.) Lindbergh paid the ransom but the body of the "Little Eaglet" was found less than five miles from his home. Congress rushed a bill making kidnapping a federal offense. Authorities arrested a man named Bruno Hauptman, who was tried and convicted on flimsey evidence, but that wasn't the end of it. To this day, the Lindbergh kidnapping is still a topic of discussions and conspiracy therorists. It was also the inspiration for Agatha Christie's Murder on the Orient Express.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Lindbergh_baby_poster.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[pcchefjane]

It didn't seem as negative as some of the others though. It did freak me out when they showed screen shots from CS though!!!

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Last Saturday night, CBS News rebroadcast the episode of 48 Hours Mystery entitled The Secret Life of Paige Birgfeld that originally aired on June 10, 2008. It was virtually the same report but it was edited for content, updated with some new information and edited for timeliness. We can only hope the rebroadcast will jump start the search and investigation. Someone, somewhere, knows something that will bring this case to a close. There were no other new developments in her case. (We also reported this yesterday, Sunday, but we repeated this for those of you who do not usually log in on weekends.)

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 88 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1917, Puerto Rico became a protectorate of the United States. The island state had been ceded to the US as part of the Trety of Paris that ended the Spanish-American War in 1898. The Jones-Shafroth Act made the island a protectorate and granted Puerto Ricans U..S. Citizenship. Of course, the act came about a month before the United States entered WWII, so those same citizens were eligible to join the military but not many did. When President Wilson enacted a draft, 20,000 Puerto Ricans were consigned. Many went to guard the Panama Canal but the 396th Infantry Regiment of Puerto Rico was formed in New York City and became known as the Harlem Hell Fighters. In WWII, Puerto Rico became an important army and naval base. In 1952, a new constitution declared the island a commonwealth under US protection. There were calls for complete independence from the US but just as many calls to apply for statehood. Today, it remains a commonwealth and protectorate.

...in 1807, Congress abolished the importation of slaves into the Untied States.

...in 1836, Texians declared their independence from Mexico, while the forces of Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna continued their siege of The Alamo in San Antonio. The fate of the 185 defenders of The Alamo was sealed and would be met on March 6. Meanwhile, Sam Houston was assembling a large force In April, the Houston army would overwhelm Santa Anna and win independence from Mexico. The Texians wanted to join the US as state, but anti-slavery forces did not want to admit a potential southern slave state. Until 1845, when Texas finally became the 28th state, it was the independent Republic of Texas.

...in 1929, the Jones Act was passed, the last gasp of Prohibition. In 1920, the Eighteenth Amendment was enacted, banning the importation, production and sale of alcoholic beverages. Prohibition was ineffective because it did not solve the root of the business of alcoholic beverages - demand in the marketplace. With legitimate sources eliminated, organized criminal elements stepped in to meet the demand. Alcohol was distilled within the country, however, the biggest source was from foreign spirits being smuggled in overland from Canada and Mexico and by sea from numerous sources. The Jones Act brought severe penalties to mariners who smuggled alcohol into the country. Within five years, the 19th Amendment would be repealed anyway, and alchohol once again flowed freely in the United States.

http://info.detnews.com/dn/history/prohib/images/boat.gif
Federal agents dump beer overboard in
August, 1929. More than 75% of illegally
imported alchol came over the Detroit River
to Detroit, even through an underwater pipeline.

...in 1925, the association called AASHO (American Association of State Highway Officials) met in Washington, D.C. to create today's familiar federal highway numbering system. Prior to this date, there was a myriad of named highways and trails with a dizzying array of signs and color stripes. The new system of numbered highways followed a strategy of even numbers going east-west and odd numbers going north south. The lowest numbers were in the north and east, the numbers increasing in sequence to the south and west. It also called for the federal shield for the numbers that has evolved over the years to the black background signs in use today. (AASHO was renamed AASHTO, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, in 1973.)

http://www.wisconsinhighways.org/marker_images/routemarkers/US_marker_original.gif
The first federal highway shields
included the state name.

http://www.wisconsinhighways.org/marker_images/routemarkers/US_marker_1960s.gif
In the 1960s, the signs changed to
the black box background. The state
name was still on the signs along with
the outline graphics.

http://www.wisconsinhighways.org/marker_images/routemarkers/US_marker_wide.gif
As time went on, the state name was shortened to
an abbreviation then dropped entirely, along with all the
text and graphic outlines. Only the highway number
appears in today's signage.

The signs are courtesy of Christopher J. Bessert and his fascinating website, Wisconsin Highways (http://www.wisconsinhighways.org/). Even if you're not from Wisconsin, the site offers a lot of info about highways and links to similar sites that might be from your state.

...in 1904, Theodor Seuss Geisel was born in Springfield, Massachusetts. He was educated at Dartmouth where he edited the school's humor magazine. He went on to Oxford where he met his first wife, Helen Palmer, who convinced him to work as a professional artist. He returned the US and worked in magazines and advertising. He wrote a children's book, using his mother's maiden name (also his middle name) as Dr. Suess. (He also used the name, Theo. LeSieg for books he wrote but did not illustrate and wrote one as Rosetta Stone.) The book, entitled And to Think That I Saw It On Mulberry Street was rejected by more than two dozen publishers before being published in 1937. Just before the war, Geisel turned to polical cartooning and during the war, he drew posters for the government. In 1943, he joined the army and commanded the animation department for the motion picture unit. (He was the awarded the Legion of Merit.) In 1957, he had his first bestseller The Cat In the Hat, after his publisher asked him to use 220 new-reader words in something more fun than Dick and Jane. Dr. Seuss created many odd and memorable characters by penning many more favorite books, such as Yertle the Turtle, Fox in Socks, Horton Hears a Who, Green Eggs and Ham, If I Ran the Circus, One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish, Bartholomew and the Oobleck and the immortal How the Grinch Stole Christmas. Dr. Seuss lived and worked in an abandoned observatory in La Jolla, California that was known as "The Tower." He died in 1991, but not before he penned his going away gift for the generations of adults who grew up on his fantasy books, Oh, the Places You'll Go.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b5/Seuss-cat-hat.gif

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 66 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1887, Anne Sullivan began her education of Helen Keller. Keller had lost her sight and hearing as a result of a severe illness, perhaps scarlett fever, at the age of 19 months. Sullivan was a pioneer in educating through a technique called "touch teaching" as a way to get through to the Helen that was hidden deep within an uncontrollable little girl. Sullivan was able to break through, however, and taught Helen Keller to read and write, and went on with Helen to Radcliffe College, where she graduated with honors. Helen Keller became and internationally famous lecturer, an advocate for the blind and suffrage but also a promoter of socialism. Sullivan was dubbed "the miracle worker" and became the subject of a successful play that was later made into an Academy Award winning film starring Anne Bancroft as Sullivan and Patty Duke as Helen Keller. Both won Oscars for their performances. Helen Keller died at her home in Westport, CT. on June 1, 1968 at the age of 87.

...in 1931, The Star Spangled Banner by Francis Scott Key became the official national anthem of the United States, 117 years after it was written. Key wrote the lyrics on board a British ship on September 14, 1814, during the War of 1812. An American lawyer, he was being detained by the British. He witnessed the overnight British bombardment of Fort McHenry and after 1,800 bombs were lobbed into the American fort, Key was amazed to see the American Flag still flying. The lyrics were published in a Baltimore paper on September 20, and later set to a popular British tune called To Anacreon in Heaven. By default, The Star Spangled Banner became the national anthem, as it was adopted by most of the armed forces but it remained unofficial. President Woodrow Wilson made it the national anthem by Presidential Executive Order, but it was not until 1931 that Congress confirmed Wislon's order. President Herbert Hoover signed the bill on March 3.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Star-Spangled-Banner-1908-1919.jpg/180px-Star-Spangled-Banner-1908-1919.jpg
The Star Spangled Banner flag
that inspired Francis Scott Key

...in 1875, the first indoor hockey game was held in Montreal, Quebec at the Victoria Skating Rink. Since hockey had always been played outside, there were no real rules that determined the dimensions of the rink or even how many players comprised a team. By moving inside, to a confined space, some rules were needed to make the game safer and less chaotic. The next day, the Montreal Gazette reported that the game hosted 40 spectators. The game caught on like wildfire and in 1944, hockey was made the official Winter sport of Canada. (The first mechanically cooled ice rink was built in 1876 in London, and Frank Zamboni built the first ice resurfacing machine in Paramount, California in 1949.)

...in 1879, Congress established the United States Geological Survey. The organization was key in the settlement of the west and continues important work today. While the government had a great deal of knowledge of the outline of the west, there was little detail. At first, the USGS concentrated on potential mining areas and aided in the discovery of the Comstock Lode and the Leadville area of Colorado. Today, the USGS maintains a database of topographical maps as well as mineral, agricultural and hydraulic resources.

...in 1949, the Tucker Automobile Company officially went into receivership. Preston Tucker began building his stunning automobile after WWII, with a radical design by Alex Temulis. The car featured innovative safety devices that would all ultimately be part of automobile designs, including a padded dashboard and a third headlight that swiveled with the front wheels. Only 36 cars were built before Tucker was indicted on 31 counts of investment fraud. Many of the remaining parts were spirited out of the factory and an additional 15 cars were built. Four were destroyed and 47 are known to still exist. The company went into receivership, and while Tucker was cleared of all the charges, it was too little too late and Tucker's dream died on March 3, 1949.

http://www.tuckerclub.org/car_gallery/1048_01.jpg
Tucker #1048, last seen at the Hartford Heritage
Automobile Museum in Hartford, Wisconsin

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 80 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1868, Jesse Chisholm, noted merchant and trailblazer, passed away in Oklahoma from food poisoning. He is most remembered for creating the trail that bears his name, from Wichita, Kansas, to the Red River and through Texas, to the Gulf of Mexico. Chisholm was from Tennessee, his father was Scottish and his mother was Cherokee. (John Chisholm, famous for the Lincoln County War and his association with Billy the Kid had nothing to do with creating the Chisholm Trail. While both men were born in Tennessee, I cannot verify that Jesse and John were related.) In his 20s, Jesse Chisholm moved into (what is now) Arkansas and established a trading business. He reportedly spoke 14 dialects of Native American languages and helped him build a thriving business with the Cherokee, Osage, Kiowa, Comanche and Wichita. His fluency also helped him negotiate treaties between the US and Native Americans. He had a vast knowledge of the topography of the southwest, and he opened a trading post in Wichita, Kansas. He blazed a trail to Texas for his large, lumbering wagons that rapidly became famous for it's gentle slopes and shallow fords. It soon became a cattle trail for Texas ranchers to drive their cattle to Wichita to meet up with the rail heads in order to get their cattle to eastern markets. The cattle would wear the trail into a grove below grade, as wide as 400 yards in some places. The trail can still be seen in many places. (The story of the cattle drives and the Chisholm Trail was the subject of a 1948 Howard Hawks film entitled Red River. It is a fictionalized telling of the story. Jesse Chisholm was not a cattleman. There is much confusion between Jesse and John Chisholm, and the fact that John Wayne played the lead in films about topics doesn't help any.)

...in 1902, the American Automobile Association was organized. The forerunner was the American Motor League but the membership of the AML was controlled by manufacturers. The AAA was formed to aid motorists and not automakers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/AAA_logo.svg/180px-AAA_logo.svg.png

...in 1888, Knute Rockne was born in Voss, Norway. He would immigrate to the United States with his family at the age of five. In Chicago, he learned to play football. In South Bend, Indiana, Rockne enrolled at Notre Dame but was a dismal failure at football. He concentrated on track and field and set a school record for indoor pole vault. Bolstered by his success in track, he went out for football again and became a star tight end. In 1917, he took over as the football coach and made Notre Dame into a powerhouse. A backfield of Harry Stuhldreher, Jim Crowley, Don Miller and Elmer Layden were known as the Four Horsemen of Notre Dame. He also coached George Gipp, who was the inspiration of the famous line, "Just win one for the Gipper." Rockne died in a plane crash in 1931. His record of 105-12-5 (.881) is unparalleled in college and professional football. (Also in South Bend, the Studebaker Company built a car named for the football genius. The Rockne did not do as well as his namesake, and was only built in 1932 and 1933.)

...in 1952, Ernest Hemingway finished his novela The Old Man and the Sea. The book is an allegory of his about his struggles to maintain a normal life in the stress of fame and attention. Hemingway told his publisher it was his best work ever, to which critics agree. It was his last major work before he died, at his own hand, in 1961.

...in 1861, and in 1865, Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated as the 16th President of the United States.

...in 1933, as the Great Depression was deepening, Franklin Delano Roosevelt was inaugurated as the 32nd President of the United States. In his inaugural address, he outlined his plan to fight the depression in terms that sound eerily familiar today. He called for the wide expansion of the government, increased government labor and a large welfare state. Roosevelt was from a wealthy Hyde Park, NY family, which included his fifth cousin, Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt who was the 26th POTUS. In 1905, FDR was married to yet another cousin, Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, Teddy Roosevelt's niece. He was elected to the Senate in 1910, and was appointed by President Wilson as the assistant secretary of the navy. He was stricken with poliomyelitis in 1921 and never did recover. It confined him to a wheelchair or huge braces. (There is an extant 4 second clip that shows FDR walking, the only photographic evidence of him walking that exists.) In retrospect, FDR never ended the Great Depression with his policies, in fact, as the economy was starting to recover in the mid '30s, his policies actually started a small recession. The depression ended with World War II because was is the ultimate consumer. His unprecedented election to a fourth term ended with his death of a cerebral hemorrhage in 1945, before the war ended. His 13 year term resulted in the passing of the 22nd Amendment to the Constitution that limits a president to two consecutive terms in office.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Roosevelt_inauguration_1932.jpg
Mr. and Mrs. Roosevelt at the inauguration.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 99 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1963, the Hula-Hoop was finally patented by the owners of the Wham-O Company, who took the market by storm with the plastic fad in 1958. Arthur "Spud" Melin was the co-founder of Wham-O in 1948. The name came from the sounds resulting from use of their first product, a sling-shot made to shoot meat to hunting falcons, the Wham-O being the sound of the bird snatching the meat from midair. The company made several other toys and sporting goods but their first hit was the Pluto Platter. The name was supposed to capitalize on America's fascination with flying saucers, but the Pluto Platter sold like crazy when it was renamed the Frisbee. The Hula-Hoop was introduced in 1958 and spread like wildfire in the first four months but soon dropped as the fad wore out. It never really died, though, and the Hula-Hoop continues to sell well 51 years later.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1c/SmirkusHulaHoops.jpg/180px-SmirkusHulaHoops.jpg
This is so unfair, I can't even work
one of the &%#@#! things.

...in 1946, Winston Churchill came to the United States to visit and to drum up support for a strong post-war alliance between the two countries. Churchill, after leading Great Britain through one of the darkest eras in English history, was inexplicably defeated in the election of 1945. He made a famous address at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri, with President Harry Truman on the dais with Churchill. It was here that he uttered one of his most famous lines, "From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent." (Alfred E. Neuman, in Mad magazine would say about two decades later, "If Communism is such a great thing, why don't they put up a picture window instead of an iron curtain?") Churchill's term, "Iron Curtain" immediately became part of the Cold War lexicon.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Churchill_with_Truman_1946.jpg
Winston Churchill and Harry Truman on the campus of Westminster College, March 5, 1946

...in 1962, actor George C. Scott declined the nomination for Best Supporting Actor in the Paul Neuman movie, The Hustler. Scott said awards were self-serving and meaningless. The Academy upheld the nomination although he did not win. In 1971, however, after declining the award again, he won the Oscar for Best Actor, which he refused, for his greatest work ever, in Patton, considered by many to be the best portrayal in any motion picture, ever. Scott was also known for his notable performances in Anatomy of a Murder, Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb, The Flim-Flam Man, The New Centurians and his Emmy nominated performance as Ebineezer Scrooge in the 1984 television film A Christmas Carol. George C. Scott died in 1999 at the age of 71.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Patton_Scott.jpg/180px-Patton_Scott.jpg
Scott as General Patton. He researched the
role extensively by studying films of Patton and
interviewing his associates. It is considered to be
one of the finest performances in the history of
cinema.

...in 1960, Elvis Presley was discharged from the army after serving his draft term. Before mustering in, he recorded enough material to keep a string of singles hitting the charts during his absence, Elvis died in 1977 of congestive heart failure. During his lifetime, earned 94 gold singles and over 40 gold LPs. He was one of the first ten inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

...in 1770, a mob of angry colonists, calling themselves Patriots, gathered at the Customs House in Boston to protest unpopular taxation on the colonies. British Captain Thomas Preston, the CO of the Customs House, ordered his guards to fix bayonets and join the outdoor guards. The Patriots threw snowballs at the British Regulars. Private Hugh Montgomery was hit by a snowball, and he discharged his weapon into the crowd. Other soldiers began firing and when the smoke cleared, five colonists were dead. These men are considered the first casualties of the Revolutionary War, although it did not really start until April 19, 1775. Meanwhile, patriots like John Adams and Paul Revere created a firestorm of outrage over The Boston Massacre, making it into a bigger event than it really was. Paul Revere's engraving of the event was widely distributed in the colonies and helped to build anti-British sentiment.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Boston_Massacre_high-res.jpg/350px-Boston_Massacre_high-res.jpg
Paul Revere's famous engraving of the event helped build
anti-British sentiment in the colonies, leading up to the
Revolutionary War that began April 19, 1775.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 100 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1930, the Birds Eye Frosted Food Company began marketing quick-frozen foods to consumers around Springfield, Massachusetts in 18 selected stores. Clarence Birdseye was a New York City kid who went to work for the US government in order to pay his college tuition. While working as a field naturalist in Labrador, the Inuit taught him how to fish under very thick ice. In weather of -40º he found that the fish he caught froze almost instantly and tasted fresh when thawed. Food that was frozen at that time was done at higher temperatures which allows ice crystals for form and grow, damaging the tissue of the food that was being frozen. Colder temperatures did not allow larger ice crystals to form. Birdseye invented a machine that quickly froze boxed food between rollers. In 1929, he sold his patents and machinery to Goldman Sachs and the Postum Company for $22 million, a princely sum in 1929! When the sale of frozen food began in 1930, acceptance was high and the frozen food industry was born. Clarence Birdseye died in 1956 at the age of 69.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/US_Patent_1773079_%28Fig_1%29.jpg/250px-US_Patent_1773079_%28Fig_1%29.jpg
Clarence Birdseye's patented quick-freezing machine.

...in 1929, Scottish-American David Buick died in Detroit at the age of 74. He was a maker of plumbing products and perfected a method of enameling cast iron bathtubs. In the 1890's, he began to experiment with internal combustion engines. He sold his interest in the plumbing company and founded the Buick Auto-Vim and Power Company. He devloped his claim to fame, the "valve in head" engine. Having valves over the cylinders increases horsepower over the other configurations in use at that time. In fact, all engines today are variants of Buick's design. In 1903, he founded Buick Motor Company, which was later purchased by William Crapo Durant. Buick Motor Company became the cornerstone of General Motors. When he died of colon cancer in 1929, he was penniless, while Buick Motor Division had sold over two million Buicks.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/David_Dunbar_Buick.jpg/200px-David_Dunbar_Buick.jpg
David Dunbar Buick

http://wiki.gmnext.com/wiki/uploads/9/98/1903-2-2.jpg
1903 Buick rendering

...in 1899, the Friederich Bayer & Company received a patent on acetylsalicyclic acid, under the brand name Aspirin. As a result of losing World War I, the Treaty of Versailles stripped Germany of the trademarks of Aspirin and Heroin in the United States, also France, Russia and the United Kingdom. Today, the word "aspirin" is a generic term and may be used in lower case. However, in Germany, Canada, Mexico and over 80 other countries, the term is a registered trademark of Bayer and must be used in uppercase with the trademark symbol in those countries.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/BayerHeroin.png/180px-BayerHeroin.png
An early Bayer ad for Aspirin, Heroin, Lycetol and Salophen

...in 1475, Michelangelo Buonarroti was born in Caprese, Italy, the son of a government administrator. He grew up in Florence, the center of early Renaissance art where his talent was noticed by Lorenzo de' Medici, ruler of the Florentine Republic and patron of the arts. He traveled to Bologna and Rome where he worked on his first important work, Pietý, which depicts Christ in the lap of the Virgin Mary. The two perfectly balanced figures were carved from a single block of marble. Once he completed David, a 17 foot statue from one block of marble, his reputation was forever made. In 1508, he was called back to Rome to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, his most famous work.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/The_Creation_of_Adam.jpg/800px-The_Creation_of_Adam.jpg
"Pull my finger."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 95 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1876, Don Ameche invented the telephone. Wait, that's not right. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. (Don Ameche played the inventor in the 1939 film, The Story of Alexander Graham Bell (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0031981/) and for many years afterward, the telephone was referred to by the slang name, "Ameche.") Bell had worked with his father, Melville Bell, to develop Visible Speech, a method of teaching the deaf to speak. Bell was fascinated by the concept of electrically transmitting speech. He was fascinated by Samuel Morse's invention of the telegraph that allowed messages to be transmitted instantly. The drawbacks were that messages were sent only one at a time and required delivery to and from a telegraph office. Bell wanted to invent a "harmonic telegraph" combining phonograph and telegraph technology. He used a diaphragm to convert speech to electrical signals and a matching diaphragm on the other end converted the signal to an audible sound. Bell's patent application beat a competing application, by Elisha Gray, by two hours. Gray, Thomas Edison and Western Union tried to develop a telephone system of their own, but Bell sued for patent infringement. The case went all the way to the Supreme Court, which upheld Bell's patent. It paved the way for the creation of the massive Bell Telephone System that grew into AT&T. (Bell also invented the metal detector in 1881, specifically to find the bullet lodged in the body of President James Garfield. The steel frame of his bed and the metal springs confused the device and skeptical doctors shooed him away.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/1876_Bell_Speaking_into_Telephone.jpg
Watson, come here. I want you.

...in 1936, Adolph Hitler thumbed his nose at the Treaty of Versailles by sending German troops into the demilitarized Rhineland. The Treaty of Versailles called for such stiff penalties and reparations that after the Germans were forced to sign it, they broke the pen. The treaty called for the German military to be stripped to insignificance and the Rhineland demilitarized. Two years later, the Nazis swallowed Austria and part of Czechoslovakia. In 1939, Germany overran Poland and started World War II.

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_PnjruCyyH70/SZEADSjIAJI/AAAAAAAAAMs/NW-TkxvFj4g/s400/1936%2Brhineland%2Binhabitants.jpg
Apparently, the inhabitants of the Rhineland were rather pleased to see the Nazis.

...in 1885, Kansas passed a law banning Texas cattle from March 1 to December 1 of every year. After the Civil War, ranchers in Texas wanted to get their cattle to the packing houses in St. Louis and Chicago. The best way to do that was to move cattle, via a cattle drive along the Chisholm Trail or other routes to Kansas, to the railheads at Abilene, Dodge City, Caldwell, Wllsworth, Hays and Newton. As Kansas aged and the image of the wild, wild west grew stale, local business owners were less impressed with dirty cattle and wild cowboys. Kansas recognized that agriculture was the future, not cattle, which added to the drive to ban cattle. Texas Longhorns were also immune to diseases spread by ticks that infested the cattle on the drives, infecting dairy cows. The winter window for cattle drives helped keep the spread of disease at bay. By the late 1880's cattle drives were pretty much done. Rail lines had been expanded to Texas and farms had stretched wire fences across the trails. The Kansas cattle quarantine became irrelevant by that point.

...in 1942, the first cadets graduated from the Tuskegee Flying School. The graduates of the Tuskegee Institute comprised the first African-American flying unit. Known as the Redtails, for the distinctive paint on the vertical stabilizer of the units planes. Teh Tuskegee Airmen faced institutional racism that the unit fought as hard as they fought the Germans, but still distinguished themselves for their flying and fighting skills, earning the Distinguished Unit Citation. The unit earned wide respect, even the German Luftwaffe even referred to them as "Schwarze Vogelmenschen" or the black birdmen. At the end of the war, the Tuskegee Airmen were credited with 109 Luftwaffe aircraft shot down, a sunken destroyer and destruction of uncounted fuel dumps, ammunition supplies, trains and trucks. The squadrons flew more than 15,000 sorties on 1,500 missions. Besides the Distinguished Unit Citations, the individual pilots were awarded many SIlver Stars, 150 Distinguished Flying Crosses, 8 Purple Hearts, 14 Bronze Stars and 744 Air Medals. 992 pilots were trained at Tuskegee, 445 were deployed overseas and 150 lost their lives in battle. In 1948, President Harry Truman created the Air Force out of the Army Air Corps and desegregated the military, ending the run of the Tuskegee Airman. It was the end of a proud unit with a distinguished record.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Col_Benjamin_Oliver_Davis%2C_Jr.jpg/180px-Col_Benjamin_Oliver_Davis%2C_Jr.jpg
Colonel Benjamin O. Davis, Jr. was the
commander of the Tuskegee Airmen. Here he
is in Sicily with a P-47 Thunderbolt.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

If you're just hovering over the thread title and not opening this thread, you're missing out on some great stuff everyday! Meanwhile, there actually were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 92 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1983, in a speech to the National Association of Evangelicals in Florida, President Ronald Reagan pronounced the Soviet Union was an "...evil empire..." for the second time in his presidency. His hard line stance against the communists became known as the Reagan Doctrine. He said that the Soviets “must be made to understand we will never compromise our principles and standards [nor] ignore the facts of history and the aggressive impulses of an evil empire.” To do so would mean abandoning “the struggle between right and wrong and good and evil.” The swelling of the defense budget in the testing and production of the Strategic Defense Initiative, or SDI, was commonly referred to as Star Wars. It was greatly protested by some world leaders, especially the Soviet Union, knowing that SDI would give the United States the upper hand in the arms race. At the same time, the Soviets were spending their own defense rubles to try to keep up with the US and SDI. The weight of socialist economy of the communists eventually collapsed on itself and ended the Soviet Union once and for all.

...also in 1983, IBM released PC-DOS 2.0 and another evil empire almost collapsed. For you kids who have no idea how good you have it, follow this link (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7izdGf6LZjY) to see an IBM-PC boot up on PC-DOS 2.0.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2f/PC-DOS.svg/150px-PC-DOS.svg.png
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b8/PC-DOS_1.10_screenshot.png/280px-PC-DOS_1.10_screenshot.png
Oh, the memories.

...in 1936, the first race strictly for stock cars was held at Daytona Beach, Florida. The race was the impetus for today's NASCAR, although at the time, there would have been no race, and probably no NASCAR, if a garage owner named Bill France would have promoted the event. There had been a race in 1934, in which France finished fifth, but the event lost money and the city withdrew. The Elks convinced them to do it again in 1935 but again, the city lost money and pulled out. France and a local club owner took over promotion and made it a money-maker. There was no race during World War II. France sponsored races all over the south, and called one a National Championship race. A news editor questioned how it could be a championship with no sanctioning body, so he formed one. In 1947, racing officials came together to replace his organization with the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing. The first NASCAR race was held in Daytona Beach on February 14, 1948 and that story was told in the Morning Update for Valentine's Day (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index272.html#post617176). (Some say the first race at Daytona Beach was between Alexander Winton and Ransom E. Olds in 1902. that story was told in the Morning Update, February 26 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index272.html#post622489).)

...in 1917, the February Revolution began on this day in 1917 in the Russian capital of Petrograd (now St. Petersburg) when riots and worker strikes began over shortages of food. Most of Russia had lost faith in the Czar and the government and they had just about had enough. Later, on March 11, the Petrograd garrison was called out to regain control. Some regiments opened fire, but frustrated soldiers switched to the revolutionary side and supported the demonstrators. The Czarist government was forced to resign, the czar abdicated throne, ending four centuries of czarist rule of Russia.

...in 1959, three brothers named Leonard, Adolph and Julius appeared together on television for the last time that they would appear together. They were better known by their stage names, Chico, Harpo and Groucho Marx, who had started in Vaudeville and made the move to Hollywood in the 1930s. There were two other brothers, Gummo and Zeppo, who had also been in the act but left to open what would become the largest talent agency in Hollywood. The Marx Brothers starred in such notable movies as The Cocoanuts, Animal Crackers, Monkey Business, Horse Feathers, Duck Soup, A Night At the Opera, A Day at the Races, Room Service, At the Circus, Go West, The Big Store, A Night in Casablanca, and Love Happy. Groucho became a hit as a game show host on both the radio and television versions of a program called You Bet Your Life]/i]. In 1959, the three were filming a pilot for a television series that was called Deputy Shamus where Chico and Harpo would be bumbling angels, Groucho played their boss, Deputy Shamus, and would appear in every third episode. The pilot was never finished, Chico had arteriosclerosis and couldn't even remember his lines. in 1959, Harpo and Chico made a film called The Incredible Jewel Robbery for General Electric Theater with Groucho appearing in the last scene. Groucho continued to work after Chico and Harpo's deaths and even introduced Johnny Carson as the new host of NBC's The Tonight Show in 1962.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Marx_Brothers_1948.jpg/180px-Marx_Brothers_1948.jpg
Groucho, Chico and Harpo Marx in 1949.

[I]That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

If you're just hovering over the thread title and not actually opening it every morning, you're missing out on some great stuff everyday! Meanwhile, there actually were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 119 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1959, Barbara "Barbie" Millicent Roberts was born at the American Toy Fair in New York City. Barbie's mother was Ruth Handler, the co-founder of Mattel, Inc. with her husband in 1945. Ruth noticed her daughter ignoring baby dolls to play with adult cut-outs and she saw a niche for a toy that led to grown-up make-believe. In Germany, a doll named "Bild Lilli" that was based on a comic strip character, was made as an adult gag gift but an increasing number of girls were playing with the dolls. Handler modeled Barbie after Lilli and named the doll for her daughter, Barbara. Mattel used television advertising to market Barbie, and by 1962, the demand was so high that Mattel introduced a boyfriend (Ken Carson, named after Handler's son) a best friend named Midge and a little sister named Skipper. Barbie's measurements (reported to be 39-21-33, one group of eating disorder critics says 38-18-34) draw ire along with her resume of over 100 careers like professional shopper, yoga instructor, astronaut, NASCAR driver and Air Force pilot. One career - Dallas Cowboy cheerleader - earned Barbie a special award called a TOADY, Toys Oppressive and Destructive to Young Children. Even though sales have dropped off, even at the age of 50, Barbie remains one of the most popular inspirations for both prom and drag queens.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Barbie_1959_First_Editions.jpg/463px-Barbie_1959_First_Editions.jpg
Happy birthday to you,
Happy birthday to you,
Happy birthday, dear Barbie!
Happy birthday to you!

...in 1938, Bob Hope made his first movie appearance in The Big Broadcast of 1938. In the film, he sang the song called Thanks for the Memories that was forever associated as Bob Hope as his theme song.

...in 1901, a fire broke out in the Olds Motor Works factory in Detroit. There is a legend that Olds employee, James Brady, pushed one prototype out of the burning building, all the other 11 were destroyed. The surviving car, an Olds Runabout, became popularly known as the "Curved Dash Olds" that put Olds on the map and even inspired a hit song, In My Merry Oldsmobile. The $650 horseless carriage was assembled from parts, designed by Olds, but built by the Dodge Brothers, Henry Leland (of Cadillac and Lincoln fame) and Fred Fisher, part of the family that built carriages and then automobile bodies for General Motors. Ransom E. Olds would later say that the fire was a miracle because the curved dash Olds put his company on the map.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/In_My_Merry_Oldsmobile_a2701-1-72dpi.jpeg/250px-In_My_Merry_Oldsmobile_a2701-1-72dpi.jpeg

...in 1862, the CSS Virginia encountered the USS Monitor in the first battle of iron-clad naval vessels in history. The CSS Virginia was actually christened the USS Merrimac as a steam powered frigate but was captured by the Confederates and rebuilt with an iron reinforced hull and renamed the CSS Virginia. The steam frigate was an unstoppable foe. The Navy watched her sink the Congress and Cumberland with impunity and quickly began a project to built the Merrimac with a steel reinforced hull to counteract the Confederate ship. They met on March 9, sharing direct hit after direct hit with no damage. The Virginia launched a cannon blast that hit the pilot house of the Monitor, blinding the captain and allowing the Virginia to escape, so the historic battle ended in a draw. Two months later, the Virginia was trapped in the Norfolk River. With no possible escape, the crew detonated ammunition to destroy the ship rather than allow it to fall into Union hands.

http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/h57000/h57830.jpg
The CSS Virginia in a wash drawing by Clary Ray, courtesy of US Navy Archives.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 84 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1964, at the River Rouge plant in Dearborn, Michigan, the first Ford Mustang was built on the assembly line. The car would not be introduced, nor shown to the public, until April 12 but Ford began production on this date. The Mustang was an attempt to capitalize on the first wave of the Baby Boomers who were coming of age and looking for something more sporty than a big hardtop. The world thinks that the Mustang was the brainchild of Lee Ioccoca, but his role was really that of salesman. The car was developed by Don Frey, the product manager, and his team. Iococca had to sell the project to upper management, to the marketing group and ultimately to the public. The upper management of Ford, including Henry himself, were fearful of a radical new product, as they were still smarting from the Edsel debacle. Ioccoca knew he needed to make it without a major investment, so he chose the Falcon platform but placed new sheet metal and greenhouse over the car. It was marketed as small, muscular and young, a vehicle to freedom and fun lifestyle. At a base price of $2,368.00 it attracted hoards to Ford showrooms and Mustangs sold as fast as Ford could build them. Caught completely unaware, the industry had to race to catch a part of the market. GM had to rush the Camero/Firebird to production, as did Chrysler with the Barracuda and AMC with the Javelin in order to compete in the new "pony car" class. The Mustang has been called a testament to one of the greatest salesmen to ever hit the automobile industry.

http://files.conceptcarz.com/img/Ford/1964_ford_mustang_coupe_sd_02.jpg
The 1964-1/2 Ford Mustang

...in 1902, the case of Edison v. American Mutoscope Company was decided by the US Court of Appeals. Despite his claims, the court ruled that Edison did not invent the motion picture camera. As a consolation, the court ruled that Edison invented the perforations on film that allowed a sproket system to move film reliably through the camera and projector.

...in 1918, Harry, Albert, Sam and Jack Warner, former owners of a nickelodeon company in Newcastle, Pennsylvania, released their first film, Four Years in Germany, as the Warner Brothers. The World War I story was made on a budget of $50,000 and grossed $1.5 million. It convinced the brothers that they should concentrate on production rather than distribution, as they had done up to that point. The studio did not incorporate until 1923 and and was on the fringe of the industry until 1927. It was 1927 that the Warners released , the first movie with sound.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/95/WarnerBrosStudios-1920.jpg/180px-WarnerBrosStudios-1920.jpg
Warner Brothers Studios

...in 2006, the Cuban national baseball team played in the first World Baseball Classic. The Cubans played Puerto Rico, a team made up of American Major League All-Stars. The Cuban team was made up of unknowns that worked a $15 a month day job and played baseball at night. Puerto Rico defeated the Cubans, 12-2 but the event was far from over. In addition to the Puerto Rican team, the tournament also fielded teams from United States, Dominican Republic and Venezuela. The combined salaries of the professional players for the teams was $471 million, compared to the unknown Cubans. The game of baseball has been popular in Cuba since it was brought in by the Americans in the mid 19th Century. Even Fidel Castro was in the minor leagues before he led the revolution in Cuba. After the revolution, Fidel Castro abolished professional baseball and created a state-run athletic program, a la the Soviet Union. The Cuban teams have all done very well in international play, in fact, the Cubans won the gold medal at the Olympics in 1992, 1996 and 2004, and the silver medal in 2000 and 2008. Meanwhile, in the 2006 World Baseball Classic, the Cuban team defeated Puerto Rico to make it to the finals. There, they lost to Japan, a team that plays the same style of hustle ball that Cuba does. Japan featured pitcher Daisuke Matsuzaka and Ichiro Suzuki, who plays for Seattle.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Cuba_Baseball.jpg/180px-Cuba_Baseball.jpg
The Cuban National Team before the 2006
International Cup gold medal game against
The Netherlands.

[I]That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 86 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1901, a newspaper report in the Cincinnati Enquirer said that John McGraw, manager of the Baltimore Orioles, had signed an unknown ballplayer by the name of Chief Tokohama. He was later revealed to be Charlie Grant, a very talented 2nd baseman who also happened to be an African-American. McGraw saw an huge, untapped resource of talented ballplayers in the Negro Leagues, unable to play in the all-white Major Leagues. He was attempting to break the color barrier, 46 years before it finally did happen. McGraw was often seen in the stands at Negro League games, taking notes on players and strategies. He set up numerous exhibition games between the Orioles and Negro League teams. In 1917, Smokey Joe Williams pitch struck out 20 batters in a game, had records been kept of the exhibitions, the 20 K performance would have stood as a record for 69 seasons. Bob Feller, Ted Williams, Dizzy Dean, Paul Waner and Jimmie Foxx barnstormed with the Negro Leagues until they were finally integrated into the Major Leagues in 1947. By the way, it was Charlie Comisky of the Chicago White Sox who revealed the true identity of Chief Tokohama and blew the whistle on McGraw. As hard as he worked for integration, McGraw died in 1934, 13 years before Jackie Robinson took the field for the Brooklyn Dodgers.

http://bss.sfsu.edu/tygiel/hist490/19thcprofessional/19thcphotos/19thCrace/CGRANT%5B1%5D.jpg
Charlie Grant, aka Chief Tokohama

...in 2004, 191 people died and about 2,000 were injured when 10 bombs exploded on four trains in Madrid. The bombs had been detonated by cell phones. The deadliest attack in Europe since the Lockerbie bombing were thought to be the acts of a Basque separatist group. Many saw the attacks as a message of protest against Spain's participation in the Iraqi war, and the attacks took place two days before a Spanish national election. The anti-war Socialist were swept into power and Spain pulled out of the coalition. A second bombing was attempted on April 2, but it failed and it led to a raid on the bombers. Seven committed suicide during the raid, 29 were arrested. A memorial to the bombing victims was placed in El Retiro park in Madrid, a forest of olive and cypress trees.

...in 1950, closing a 26 year run on radio, Chicago's National Barn Dance aired for the last time. The live stage show drew over 1,000 people each week to watch the show go out over the NBC Radio network. It was the brainchild of George D. Hays, an announcer who left Memphis to take a job with the new Chicago station, WLS. The National Barn Dance started as a local show on April 19, 1924, the first Saturday night after WLS went on the air. It was picked up by NBC in 1929. Hays left the station in 1925 and moved to Nashville's WSM where he helped create The Grand Ol' Opry.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0a/Barndance.jpg/250px-Barndance.jpg
WLS National Barn Dance advertising card.

...in 1927, the first armored car robbery in history took place seven miles outside of Pittsburgh. The Flatheads Gang placed a mine that exploded under the car, badly injuring the five attendants and allowing the gang to steal $104,250.00 or payroll cash.

...in 1997, Paul McCartney became Sir Paul in a ceremony at Buckingham Palace. The famous musician said he was nervous but Queen Elizabeth made him feel quite comfortable about it all. McCartney, of course, used to belong to a band from the northern seaport of Liverpool that was known as The Beatles. He once said his major influence was Bill Haley and The Comets. He saw them "...on the telly" and then scraped up 24 shillings to see them live. "I knew there was something going on here." He certainly did.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/PaulMcCartney60s.jpg/180px-PaulMcCartney60s.jpg
Paul McCartney, circa 1964

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

A correction was made to yesterday's update that some of you may not have seen. Charlie Grant did NOT play any Major League baseball games. I apologize for the omission of that fact. There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 105 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1933, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt made his first of 30 Fireside Chats to the American radio audience. While they were simply addresses from the White House broadcast on radio, and from no where near a fireplace, the addresses became known as "Fireside chats." His first address started directly with, "I want to talk for a few minutes with the people of the United States about banking." FDR has instituted a four day bank holiday (something the Democrat controlled Congress would not give President Hoover one month before) in order to relax pressure on the banks remaining after 9,000 had failed. He asked people to not panic and withdraw all their money, because worrying about bank failure would be the very thing that caused it. At that point in 1933, the Great Depression was in it's deepest abyss with somewhere between 25 and 33% of the American workforce unemployed. FDR used the fireside chats to explain his New Deal policies that were also under fire from business, conservatives and other groups. Later, he would use the chats to explain his war policies. The White House received thousands of letters from Americans, acting as if FDR had come into their homes and spoken directly to them. It was a chance that FDR took to rely on a relatively new medium and it was one that paid off for him.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/FDRbankingact.jpg
FDR signs the Emergency Banking Act

...in 1923, the first film with sound on the film itself, called the Phonofilm, was demonstrated by the inventor, Lee de Forest. Prior to de Forest's invention, sound with film was either provided by live musicians (usually a piano or an organ) or a synchronized phonograph. Thomas Edison had demonstrated his Kinetophongraph as early as 1889, using his phonograph synchronized to films projected from his Kinetoscope. De Forest's invention of sound on film was a breakthrough, and it was aquired by Fox that was then called Movietone. The other studios elected to stay away from sound films until a standard was adopted. The competing Movietone and Warner's Vitaphone were not compatible. Warner broke the market first with a sound movie, Don Juan in 1926 that had music but no dialog, followed by the incredibly successful The Jazz Singer (1927) which had music and dialog. Since only about 200 movie theaters had the Vitaphone system, Warner's had to release a silent version of the film as well.

...in 1903, the New York Highlanders joined the fledgeling American League. The team moved to New York from Baltimore, where they were known as the Orioles. Fans referred to the Highlanders, charter members of the American League, as the Yankees, so the owners gave up and changed the name to Yankees in 1913. Meanwhile, the American League Milwaukee Brewers moved to St. Louis where they became the Browns. In 1954, the Browns then moved to Baltimore and adopted the name, Orioles. The Yankees, meanwhile, became the most successful franchise in professional sports.

...in 1831, Clement Studebaker was born in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. With his brother, Henry, the Studebakers opened a blacksmith shop in South Bend, Indiana. The brothers made their fortune building wagons for the US Army during the Civil War, and the Studebaker Brothers Manufacturing Company went on to become the largest wagon builder in the world. (Brother John Studebaker made his fortune in the 1849 Gold Rush in California - by building and selling wheelbarrows to the miners. He returned to South Bend to invest his earnings in the family wagon business.) The Studebakers would convert to building automobiles after the turn of the 20th Century. They built large, beautiful and powerful automobiles and in WWII, continued building materiel for the war effort. The post war automobile business was very competitive, however, and the Studebaker Company stopped building cars in 1966. Parts of the company still exist but the name, sadly, is long lost. (UPDATE: There is a Studebaker Motor Company based in Fort Worth, Texas. It does not appear to be affiliated with the Studebaker family, but the company intends to build scooters and automobiles.)

http://www.sil.si.edu/ondisplay/studebaker/thumbnails/SIL28-40-03.jpg
The Studebaker Factories, circa 1922
From the collections of the Smithsonian Institution

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 81 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1944, Charles E. "Cast Iron Charlie" Sorensen left Ford Motor Company, ending a decade that spanned four decades. In the early days of Model T production, Sorensen took Henry Ford to an unused floor of the Picquette Avenue Plant. There, he tied a rope to a Model T frame and dragged it across the floor while workers attached parts to the frame. Sorenson was emulating the motion of a car coming to the workers instead of the workers going to the car, the preferred method of automobile production at the time. Not long after, the famous assembly line was created. Sorensen was the driving force behind the creation of the Model A driveline and the one-piece casting of the V8, which earned him the nickname of Cast Iron Charlie. His crowning achievement at Ford was the conception, construction and management of the Willow Run Plant, where Ford Motor Company built B-24 Liberator bombers at the rate of one per hour - an unparalleled feat in the history of the aircraft industry. With the success of Willow Run, however, came fame. Sorensen had made a career of staying in the background, allowing Henry Ford to take the entire spotlight. In 1943, after the death of Edsel Ford, Henry promoted Harry Bennet above Sorensen. He graciously resigned after he realized that he had fallen from favor.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/CharlesESorensen_B-24LiberatorFacto.jpg
Charles E. "Cast Iron Charlie" Sorensen

...in 1960, after the completion of a woeful 2-10 season, the Chicago Cardinals football team moved to St. Louis. The Chicago Cardinals were a part of the National Football League from the beginning, when they played in Racine, Wisconsin as the Racine Cardinals. With the move to Comiskey Park, they became the Chicago Cardinals and the south side rival to the Chicago Bears. The Cardinals had some success over the decades, but in the 1950s the team's fortunes continued to decline. It was obvious they would always be Chicago's "other team" so they packed up their sticks and moved to St. Louis, were they would stay until 1988 when they moved to Arizona.

...in 1970, Digital Equipment Corporation, or DEC, introduced the PDP-11 minicomputer to replace the venerable PDP-8. The 16-bit minicomputer was a popular device in it's day but by the end of the 1980s, minicomputers were all replaced by microcompters, more commonly known as PCs. The entire New England computer industry, led by DEC, Wang Laboratories, Apollo, and others were all pretty much gone.

...in 1925, the State of Tennessee outlawed the teaching of evolution in the public schools. The passage of the law set the stage for Inherit the Wind (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0053946/), the Scopes Monkey Trial.

...in 1942, the US Army Quartermaster Corps began training dogs for the newly formed K-9 Corps. During WWI, about a million dogs were used by both sides to run messages. The most famous of these dogs was an abandoned puppy, just days old, found in a German bunker in France in 1918. Named Rin Tin Tin, along with his sister, Nannette, (named for finger puppets in France) he was taken to Hollywood, where he first starred in a film called The Man from Hell's River. The German Shepherd breed was little known before Rinty, he made the breed very popular. (He was a staple at Warner's, made 27 films and had 18 stand-ins before his death in 1932.) Perhaps Rin Tin Tin had an influence on the K-9 Corps as the German Shepherd was one of seven breeds considered by the QMC, along with Dobermans, Belgian Shepherds, collies, Siberian Huskies, Malumutes, and Eskimo dogs. Once past basic training, the dogs were specialized as sentries, scouts and patrol dogs, messengers or as mine detectors. The "Top Dog" of World War II was Chips. Perhaps inspired by Rinty, Chips broke away from Pvt. John P. Rowell, his handler, and attacked an Italian pillbox. He caused so much mayhem that the entire crew surrendered to him. Wounded, Chips was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, Silver Star and Purple Heart. The Army brass later took his medals away, claiming that the army did not allow animals to be given commendation, the curmudgeons. Disney made a biography in 1990 entitled Chips the War Dog.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 93 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1950, the FBI today introduced the "Ten Most Wanted Fugitives" in an attempt to make wider public awareness of the dangerous criminals that are at large. The list grew out of a news story in 1949 that talked about the "toughest guys" that the FBI was looking for. There was a great deal of positive public reaction, including unsolicited tips, that J. Edgar Hoover approved a plan to publish the list. Between 1950 and 2007, 420 of the fugitives who made the list were captured, more than 120 of them as a direct result of tips from the general population. About the only way a crook can get off the list is to be captured or to die. The FBI also works closely with Fox's America's Most Wanted to publicize the whereabouts of felons at large.

http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/images/topten_nov2008.jpg
The Current Ten Most Wanted list. Click on this link
to read about the current Ten Most Wanted (http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten/fugitives/fugitives.htm). Note that Osama bin Hidin' is still on there.

...in 1976, Busby Berkeley died in Palm Springs. He had been retired from the film industry since the 1950s when the golden era of Hollywood musicals came to and end. Berkeley was born to a stage director and actress, and was on the New York stage at the age of 5. He went to military school, served in WWI, then started working on Broadway where he quickly rose to become a top choreographer. In the 1920's, his work caught the attention of Samuel Goldwyn, who convinced him to try a movie in 1930, including the only musical for America's Sweetheart, Mary Pickford, Kiki in 1931. He jumped to Warner Brothers where his reputation for more than elaborate dance routines with geometric shapes and complex patterns. He began the technique of filming the dance numbers from overhead, showing off elaborate (and sometimes suggestive) costumes that delighted depression-era audiences. When the age of the musical was over, he had done choreography for more than two dozen movies and he directed 20 more himself. Some of his favorites included Girl Crazy (noted for the "I Got Rythm" number) Babes on Broadway (1941) Million Dollar Mermaid (1952 with Esther Williams) and Rose Marie (1954.) He came out of retirement to do the choreography for the revival of No, No Nanetter on Broadway in 1971. He is fondly remembered for his extravagent choreography that has emulated (Dom DeLuise even paid him homage in Blazing Saddles) but never equaled.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/80/Footlight_Parade_Waterfall.jpg
The "By A Waterfall" number in the 1933 film
Footlight Parade used one of the largest
soundstages ever built. Warner's built it specifically
for Berkeley's production numbers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Dames_production.jpg/262px-Dames_production.jpg
Berkeley's choreography usually used geometric patterns,
like this one from Dames (1934) filmed from above to show
the intricate patterns.


...in 1879, Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany. When he was growing up, as it turns out, Einstein was no Einstein, he had a great deal of trouble with school until he found the study of math and physics at the Federal Polytechic Academy in Zurich. After becoming a Swiss citizen, he earned his Ph.D. while working at the Swiss patent office. It was 1905 that became his annus mirablis, the miracle year, when he published five papers that would forever change the direction of the study of physics. His theory that light is made up of small particles, photons, while acting together as a swave, earned him the 1921 Nobel prize for physics. Two of his papers mathematical proof of the existence of atoms, which was still in disupte at the time. The fourth paper outlined his special theory of relativity, where he explained that space and time are fluid and relative to the position of the observer. The fifth paper was where he explained that mass and energy have a relationship, and that energy is equal to the mass of an object times the square of the speed of light in a vacuum. The conversion of mass to energy was the basis of the atomic bomb, and after its creation and use, Einstein spent the rest of his life working for peace. In a bizarre twist to the Einstein legacy, when he died, his brain was removed from his body, without his family's permission, by Thomas Stoltz Harvey for future study by pathologists to try and determine what made him so intelligent. This fact was kept secret until 1978 when a journalist discovered the brain in Dr. Harvey's possession.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Citizen-Einstein.jpg/180px-Citizen-Einstein.jpg
Albert Einstein (1879 - 1955) receiving his
American citizenship papers in 1940.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Welcome to the Ides of March. There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 95 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 44 BC, despite warnings from soothsayers, Julius Caesar was stabbed by 60 conspirators, led by Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus on this, The Ides of March. Caesar was born in the Julii family, a Roman artistocratic family of not much importance in 78 BC. He rose to prominance in the anti-patrician Popular Party for his reformist ideals and speaking skills. Caesar raised a private army and became an ally of Pompey, the leader of the Popular Party, and took over the party when Pompey was sent out of Rome in 67 BC to lead the Eastern Roman Army. In 64 BC, he was appointed "pontifex maximus" (most high priest) and in 63 BC he became the governor of Spain, then returned to Rome, ambitious for the position of Consul, the highest office in Rome, and in 59 BC was elected to the post. He won a civil war and in 45 BC was elected dictator for life. The conspirators were afraid that Caesar would be the end of the Roman Republic and conspired to assasinate him, which occured on this date in 44 BC. The result was not what the conspirators wanted, after another civil war, Caesar's grand-nephew Octavian, emerged as Caesar Augustus, the first Roman Emporer, and the republic was forever lost.

(The Ides of March is the first day of the Roman New Year.It also marks the first day of spring in the Roman calendar. One of the good things Julius Caesar did was to impliment the Julian Calendar. Under the dictate of Pope Gregory XIII in 1582, the Julian calendar was adjusted to correct for 16 centuries of leap year errors, remarkably only three days. Although now commonly referred to as the Gregorian Calendar, it is essentially the very same calendar put into use by Julius Caesar. He renamed the month of Quantilis to Juli in his own honor, and stole one day from Februus to make his month 31 days long and seem more important. His great-nephew Augustus did the same thing, renaming the month of Sextilis to Augustus and hijacking a day from Februus to make his month 31 days.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Cesar-sa_mort.jpg/300px-Cesar-sa_mort.jpg
The Morte di Giulio Cesare (Death of Caesar)
by Vincenzo Camuccini

...in 1911, the son of the man who invented the internal combustion engine incorporated his own aircraft company. Gustav Otto incorporated Gustav Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik Muchen to build airplanes. He would later merge his company with Karl Rapp's firm, Rapp Motorenwerke, to form the Bayerische Motoren-Werke, more commonly known as BMW. In fact, there is a legend that the BMW logo is supposed to represent the aircraft days, the white representing a prop cutting through the blue sky, but BMW denies this.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f9/BMW_Logo.svg/160px-BMW_Logo.svg.png

...in 1917, Czar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate the throne of Russia in the face of the February Revolution. The February Revolution began in March (Huh? See note below) the Russian army first defended the Czar but eventually fell in with the striking workers of Petrograd (now St. Petersburg) and the Czar had no choice but to abdicate. He and his family were held in Czarskoye Selo Palace, later in Yekaterinburg Palace in Tobolsk where they remained while Lenin's Bolsheviks took power in 1918. The Bolsheviks were concerned with a potential rescue of the czar, so the entire family and servants were shot to death on July 16, 1918. (See Morning Update, February 2 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index271.html#post611658) for the story of Anastasia, the youngest daughter of the deposed czar.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3d/Tsar_Nicholas_II_-1898.JPG/210px-Tsar_Nicholas_II_-1898.JPG
Nicholas II, Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias

Note: The reason that the February Revolution began in March was because, at the time, Russia had not adopted the Gregorian Calendar and was still using the Julian Calendar, as described above.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

This is a very significant day in American military history. Many of you only hover your mouse over the title, read the opening lines then move on, but I implore you to open today's message and take it to heart. Meanwhile, there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 97 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1926, the first liquid fueled rocket was launched, launching with it the dreams that space travel was within reach of those who dared to dream it. Before this flight, space travel was impossible. A solid-fuel rocket, once fired, stops only when the fuel is expended. It is burned out at that point and cannot be relit. A liquid fuel rocket can be stopped and restarted, a necessary trait for space travel. Robert H. Goddard's liquid fuel rocket was launched from Auburn, Massachusetts and reached a height of 41 feet in 2-1/2 seconds, it reached a speed of 60 MPH and landed 184 feet downrange. The rocket was certainly not the first rocket built or launched, the Chinese built military rockets in the 13th Century using gunpowder but it seems they built fireworks rockets even before that. There were military rockets in use in Europe sometime in the 13th Century. A British rocket barrage during the War of 1812 inspired Francis Scott Key to write the Star Spangled Banner and British engineers made several advancements in rocket technology in the 19th Century and in 1903, a Russian inventor by the name of Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky published a paper about rocket science, that perhaps, Robert Goddard might have read. Goddard was fascinated with space travel as a boy, influenced by H.G. Wells and others. He proved rockets could operate in a vacuum and patented the concept of a multi-stage, liquid fueled rocket. In 1919, Goddard's work, A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes was published by the Smithsonian. The press ridiculed his theories, in fact, the The New York Times said in 1920 that Goddard "lack[s] the knowledge ladled out daily in high schools" because he believed rockets could operate in space. (The Times retracted the statement three days before Neil Armstrong walked on the moon in 1969.) Goddard continued his work without government support in Roswell, New Mexico until he died in 1945. (The American government didn't seem very interested in Goddard's work, but the Germans did, and Wehrner von Braun used Goddard's efforts to design his own rockets, for the Nazis, that were used against the British during WWII.) Today the Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland is named in his honor.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Goddard_and_Rocket.jpg/250px-Goddard_and_Rocket.jpg
Robert Hutchings Goddard and the first liquid-fueled
rocket launched, March 16, 1926.

...in 1802, Congress authorized the founding of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York for the express purposed of training young men in the theory and practice of military sciences. Today, the academy is usually referred to simply as West Point. The academy is located on the west side of the Hudson River, on a high bluff that was the location of a strategic Revolutionary War fort. It was General Benedict Arnold who was in command of the fort and tried to sell its surrender to the British for the sum of £6,000, but the plot was uncovered before it could unfold and Armold became America's first and most notorious traitor. West Point's saddest era was when graduates faced off against one another during the Civil War, however, it has been the school of some of the most brilliant military minds ever, civil engineers, business and civic leaders, and two Presidents of the United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/USMA_Aerial_View_Looking_North.jpg/180px-USMA_Aerial_View_Looking_North.jpg
The United States Military Academy
at West Point, New York.

...in 1958, the Ford Motor Company built its 50,000,000th automobile, a Thunderbird. (In 1966 on this date, General Motors built its 100,000,000th car.) While GM was always a conglomerate of many car companies, Ford was a family run business that did not go public until the 1950s, more than 50 years after its founding. (Some sources claim the 50 millionth Ford was a Galaxie, built in 1953. It all depends on which source you want to believe.)

...in 1945, the fighting came to an end on Iwo Jima. The intense battle for the mass of volcanic rock in the Pacific Ocean began in February 1944 with constant bombing of the island. The island is hallowed ground for Marines, the most sacred place on earth for this was the largest, longest and most fierce amphibious landing in the history of modern warfare.
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/IwoJima/lbattle-1.gif
The battle actually began in June of 1944 when US Navy planes made several bombing runs on the island, as if to drop a calling card on the Japanese forces there. Planning for the massive invasion began in October, 1944. On December 8, 1944, the navy began 74 straight days of bombardment of the island, from air and shipboard artillery.
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/IwoJima/USS_New_York-11.jpg
The USS New York was part of the pounding of Iwo Jima before the landing. Unknown to the Americans,
the bombardment had little effect on the Japanese forces that were burrowed in
underground, in 16 miles of tunnels built in preparation for this day.

On February, 19, 1945, the Fourth and Fifth Marines landed on the island and established a foothold on the beach. The volcanic sand has no body to it, and the digging of foxholes was virtually impossible with sand filling in the hole with each shovelful taken. The marines never saw a Japanese soldier, they were all underground in 16 miles of tunnels dug into the rock. Unknown to the marines, each time the personnel in a pillbox were killed, another group simply climbed up from a tunnel and replaced their fallen comrades. On February 23, an American flag was planted on Mt. Suribachi but the island was far from secure. The intense fighting continued well into March. On March 16, the last organized Japanese resistance mounted an ill-fated attack and was instantly crushed. When the last marines left the island in April, of the 110,000 US Marines that landed, 19,189 were wounded and 6,821 had died. Of the 22,786 men in the Japanese garrison, 21,703 were killed and 1,083 were captured. With over 130,000 US and Japanese troops on the island, Iwo Jima was the most densely populated 7-1/2 mile stretch of land in the world.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/USMC-M-IwoJima-cvr.jpg/300px-USMC-M-IwoJima-cvr.jpg
The invasion began on February 19, 1945.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Sixth_Fleet_during_invasion_of_Iwo_Jima.jpg/180px-Sixth_Fleet_during_invasion_of_Iwo_Jima.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Marines_burrow_in_the_volcanic_sand_on_the_beach_o f_Iwo_Jima.jpg/180px-Marines_burrow_in_the_volcanic_sand_on_the_beach_o f_Iwo_Jima.jpg
The largest amphibious assault in history was made here. Marines dug in on the beach.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/IwoJima/lbona-1.gif
FDR picked up the New York Times one morning and saw the Joe Rosenthal photograph, again, and sensing a PR masterpiece, ordered that the six men in the photo be brought home for a War Bond Tour. Three of the flag raisers were already dead, and by the time they got to Washington, so was President Roosevelt. Here, John Bradley, Rene Gagnon and Ira Hayes explain the photo to President Truman. (Gagnon is pointing to himself.) The fifth man is unidentified. The 7th Bond Tour raised $24 Billion, the largest bond tour ever. Just how big was it? The total US Budget in 1946 was $56 Billion.

See Morning Update, February 23, 2009 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index272.html#post620779) for more about the flag raising over Mount Suribachi and the Battle of Iwo Jima.

For several years now, there has been a story flying around the Internet about a group of Wisconsin students, on a bus tour, who stopped at the Marines Memorial in Arlington, Virginia, where James Bradley gave an impromptu talk about Iwo Jima. The story is true, although, some paragraphs have been added that were not part of the original story. Please, take a quick visit to The Boys of Iwo Jima (http://www.snopes.com/military/sixboys.asp) and read the article there.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Erin go Braugh! There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 82 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1762, the first St. Patrick's Day parade was held - not in Dublin, but in New York City, New York. Irish immigrants to the United States, often coming over as indentured servants, brought the tradition of celebrating the Feast of St. Patrick on March 17 each year. As Irish populations swelled across the United States, so did the tradition and today, millions celebrate St. Patrick's Day in the United States, where the day is a big deal, far bigger than in Ireland itself.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2f/Stpatrick.jpg/150px-Stpatrick.jpg
St. Patrick, the
Patron Saint of Ireland.

...in 1905, former President Teddy Roosevelt, a Republican, gave away his niece in marriage, Ann Eleanor Roosevelt, to his cousin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. (Both Democrats.) It was a less than happy marriage, in fact, Eleanor was devastated to learn in 1918 that FDR was having an affair with her secretary, Lucy Mercer. Eleanor was going to leave Franklin, but such a breakup would have ended his political career. His mother convinced Eleanor to stay in the marriage, using the Roosevelt wealth as a lever. She stayed with him but they lived separate lives while maintaining a fascade of marital bliss for political purposes. More rumors of romantic intrigue surrounded both for years. As First Lady, Eleanor was active in numerous do-gooder causes, which she continued after FDR's death in 1945. Eleanor lived until 1962.

...in 1901, 71 paintings by Vincent van Gogh were displayed in Paris at the Bernheim-Jeune Gallery to world wide acclaim. Just eleven years prior, while living in Paris, van Gogh committed suicide, convinced his paintings were worthless and his life a waste. He sold only one painting during his lifetime. (In 1987, Yasuda Sunlowers sold for $40 million at Christie's.

http://www.vangoghgallery.com/painting/images/thumbnail/sunflowers.jpg
Sunflowers sold for $40 million in 1987.

http://www.vangoghgallery.com/catalog/image.aspx?fn=images/0612.jpg
Stary Night is one of his most beloved paintings and certainly my favorite.

...in 461, St. Patrick perished in London. He was born c. 387 in Wales, and when he was about 16 he was kidnapped and taken to Ireland as a slave. He escaped, returned to his family and entered the church. He returned to Ireland as a missionary and converted most of Ireland to Catholocism. His death is believed to have been on March 17, 461 and the Feast of St. Patrick is held on this date to remember his deeds. Part of the legend says that St. Patrick used the shamrock as a teaching tool, the three leaves of the shamrock were said to represent the Trinity, and the shamrock remains a universal symbol of Ireland. The history of Ireland since the time of St. Patrick is filled with violence, political upheaval and civil unrest. The Catholic Irish and the Protestant Irish have been at each other for centuries, the Protestants are usually thought to descend from the British rulers. The flag consists of three colors, green white and orange. The green represents the Catholics, the orange the protestants and the white symbolizes the peace that separates the two. So don't hate those who wear orange on St. Patrick's day, they are showing their Irish roots, too.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/tricolour.gif
The modern Irish flag represents Catholics (green)
Protestants (orange) and the peace in the land, white.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 81 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1766, the British repealed the Stamp Act, a method of taxation on the American colonies to finance a standing army in those colonies. It was passed on March 22, 1765 and led to an uproar that fed into the "No taxation without representation" rallying cry of the revolution. Taxes had been used in the past by Great Britain to regulate trade, but this was the first time a tax was used specifically to raise funds from the colonists. The act forced colonists to purchase a stamp for use on all legal documents, which colonists met with demostrations that sometimes resulted in violence, personal injury to British tax collectors and property damage. The act was repealed, but the same day, Parliment passed the Declaratory Acts, stating that the British government had total legislative power over the colonies.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/stamp3.gif

...in 1931, the Schick Company began marketing the first electric shaver.

...in 1929, General Motors aquired Adam Opel A.G. in Germany, in order to help open the European market without attracting attention as an American company. (Henry Ford had already set up manufacturing operations in several worldwide markets.) GM still operates Opel, but stopped importing Opel automobiles to the United States in the mid 1970s.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Opel_Kadett_B.jpg/250px-Opel_Kadett_B.jpg
The Opel Kadett was the staple of the Opel line for many years.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Opel_GT%2C_Bj._1973_am_16.07.2006.jpg/250px-Opel_GT%2C_Bj._1973_am_16.07.2006.jpg
The Opel GT remains a popular sports car, although it is
most usually seen in the hands of collectors today.

...in 1852, Henry Wells and William G. Fargo formed a partnership in New York CIty. The founders of American Express, Wells and Fargo, along with several other investors, launched America's first express company, designed to quickly move freight and passengers cross-country. The 1849 gold rush created a huge demand for eastern products in the west and a way to ship freight from California back east. Wells and Fargo decided to take advantage of the opportunity and began contracting with smaller stagecoach lines to move freight across the country. In 1857, Wells, Fargo and Company started the Overland Mail Company, also known as the Butterfield Line, providing regular mail and passenger service. The 1850s was a tumultuous decade for business in the United States, and while many competitors failed, Wells, Fargo and Company earned a reputation for reliability and trustworthiness, even offering horseback pick up and delivery of special parcels. Instead of being run out of business by the transcontinental railroad, Wells, Fargo and Co. embraced it, using the railroad for the long hauls but still providing local delivery. In 1905, the banking portion of the company broke from the freight business and opened new headquarters in San Francisco. When the earthquake of 1906 destroyed San Francisco and the Wells Fargo Bank building, the vaults remained intact and the bank continued to grow. During WWI, the freight lines and railroads were nationalized, and the vast Wells Fargo freight lines became the Railway Express Agency and put Wells Fargo out of business as a freight carrier, however, the bank continues to this day as one of the largest and strongest banks in America.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/wallpaper1_photo.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 92 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 2003, after years of thumbing his nose at the United Nations and the rest of the world, Saddam Hussein suddenly found his country under attack by the United States and coalition forces to topple the regime, free the Iraqi people from the iron fist that ruled them and disrupt Hussein's program to develop weapons of mass destruction. Hussein had been playing "cat & mouse" with UN Weapons inspectors, leading world leaders to believe Hussein had such weapons (he had used such weapons on his own people) and that his arsenal was smuggled out of Iraq before the war started. When the war started, Hussein bragged "it is without doubt that the faithful will be victorious against aggression" but immediately went into hiding. He was eventually found in a crude, underground hole. Hussein was tried by the new Iraqi government, found guilty of crimes against humanity and executed on December 30, 2006. No weapons of mass destruction were found in Iraq.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Saddamcapture.jpg/120px-Saddamcapture.jpg
Saddam Hussein after his capture.

...in 1931, the state of Nevada, in the face of economic woes from the Great Depression, took the step to legalize gambling. The United States acquired the Nevada Territory as part of the settlement of the Mexican War in 1848, but not many people chose to live there. The discovery of the "Comstock Lode" of silver and gold changed all that in 1859, with settlers streaming into the mining areas. In 1861, the territory was made into a state in order to strengthen the Union during the Civil War. By the 1930s, though, mining was in decline and the state economy was in dire straits. Las Vegas, a sleepy crossroads in 1905, has since become the entertainment capitol of thw world. In addition to the famous casinos a clubs, it also offers the largest convention facility available. (Comdex and the Consumer Electronics Show, the largest computer show and electronics show respectively, are held in Las Vegas each year because there is no other facility in the world that can handle it.) The nearly two million people who live in the greater metropolitan area depend on gaming and hospitality for their incomes, but the state's revenues from gaming make one of only a few states without income taxes.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/LasVegasSign06212005.jpg/800px-LasVegasSign06212005.jpg
The Las Vegas sign has reached icon status.

...in 1945, German Home Army General Friederich Fromm was shot by a firing squad. Fromm was complicit, but an unwilling participant, in an assassination attempt against Adolph Hitler. Several high ranking German officials believed that the assassination of Adolph Hitler was the only way they could save their country from the suicidal mission that Hitler had set in motion during the 1930s. With two fronts going badly and millions of people being systematically murdered in concentration camps, the leaders thought his death would be their only escape. The plan was set into motion but as luck would have it, fate intervened. Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg planted a bomb under a conference table, in a briefcase. Colonel Heinz Brandt moved the briefcase, and when the bomb went off, Hitler was wounded but did not perish. Meanwhile, the rest of the conspirators were about to launch a plan called Operation Valkyrie to take over the government. The conspirators were quickly rounded up and dispatched. (A recent Tom Cruise movie entitled Valkyrie was based on these events.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1969-168-07%2C_Friedrich_Fromm.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1969-168-07%2C_Friedrich_Fromm.jpg
Generaloberst Friedrich Fromm

...in 1918, the United States enacted Daylight Savings Time as a way to conserve resources during World War II. The entire concept came from British builder, William Willett in 1905. He noticed, early one morning, that much daylight was wasted and missed by most citizens. He published a pamphlet and campaigned vigorously for his idea to lengthen days by 80 minutes during the Summer. Willet died in 1915, before his plan would be implemented in 1916, during World War I. (It actually was implemented by the Germans before anyone else in Europe.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Willett_memorial.JPG/180px-Willett_memorial.JPG
William Willett is remembered by this sundial,
which is set to DST year 'round.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 71 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1928, the founder of the Ohio Automobile Company and the Packard Motor Car Company died at the age of 64, in Cleveland. James Packard, along with his brother William, started their careers by manufacturing lamps when they founded the Packard Electric Company in their hometown of Warren, Ohio. James purchased a Winton Motor Carriage, and was so disappointed with it that decided to built his own automobile. He completed it in 1899 and began to drive it around Warren. The brothers decided to build automobiles, but were savvy enough to separate the operations. The Ohio Automobile Company was incorporated in 1900 and they sold two automobiles to William D. Rockefeller. In 1901, an employee was arrested for speeding, which was nationally publicized and Packard answered a question about performance by saying, "Ask the man who owns one." It became one of the most famous slogans in the industry. Unfortunately, the resulting demand left Packard with more customers than cars. Henry B. Joy, a Detroit financier, liked his Packard so much that he bought the company. It was reorganized and renamed the Packard Motor Car Company. Packards were the first cars to have a steering wheel instead of a tiller and the first to use the H gear shift pattern. Henry B. Joy was a motoring enthusiast, and besides being president of Packard, he would go on to be the president of the Lincoln Highway Association. He was tireless in promoting Packards and the need for good roads. Joy traveled the country from coast-to-coast each year on his beloved Lincoln Highway. (The Packard Electric Company was acquired by General Motors in 1932 as the Packard Electric Systems, and it would evolve into Delphi.)

http://www.americas-classic-cars.com/Cars/Classic/1900/1902-Packard-Runabout/1902-Packard-Runabout-Feature.jpg
1902 Packard Runabout

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Model_A/LHC1426-1.jpg
A 1915 Packard TwinSix Touring, the official
Lincoln Highway Association field car in
Crestline, Ohio.

...in 1854, the Republican Party came to light in Ripon, Wisconsin. A meeting of former members of the Whig Party met for the purpose of forming a party dedicated to the opposition of slavery. The Whig Party was formed in 1834 but had proven ineffective in the slavery crisis. The Republicans quickly gained support in the north. The first presidential election with a Republican candidate was in 1856 and John C. Fremont won 11 of the 16 northern states. The party grew so quickly that several southern states threatened to secede if the Republican candidate, Abraham Lincoln, won the election. He did, and they did, and the Civil War began in April, 1861. The Republicans dominated the American Presidency until FDR in 1932, with both parties trading terms since. (Truman-D, Eisenhower-R, Kennedy-D, Johnson-D, Nixon-R, Ford-R, Carter-D, Reagan-R, Bush-R, Clinton-D, Bush-R, Obama-D. Gerald Ford was not elected.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d7/Birthplace_of_the_US_Republican_Party_2.jpg/250px-Birthplace_of_the_US_Republican_Party_2.jpg
The Little White Schoolhouse, Birthplace of the Republican Party

...in 1934, Mildred "Babe" Didrikson pitched for the Philadelphia Athletics against the Brooklyn Dodgers. She walked one and gave up no hits. She was born in 1911 in Port Arthur, Texas and earned the nickname of Babe, after Babe Ruth, because she could hit a baseball further than anyone else in town. She excelled in basketball and track and field, and she qualified for the 1932 Olympics. In the Olympics, she qualified for five events, but the rules only allowed women to participate in three events. She won two golds and a silver, actually tied for the gold but the judges didn't like her style. After the Olympics, she took up golf and dominated women's golf for two decades, winning 82 tournaments, 21 straight in 1947-48 and 19 straight in 1949. Didrikson also helped found the LPGA and she continually asked, and was continually denied, to play in the mens' US Open. (The rules about women playing in mens' tournaments were changed specifically because of her.) In 1950, she was named the Athlete of the Half Century. Learn more about this incredible woman at the Babe Didrikson Zaharias (http://www.babedidriksonzaharias.org/) website.

http://www.babedidriksonzaharias.org/images/TheBabe.jpg
Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias (1911-1956)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 72 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1871, Henry Morton Stanley began the expedition to locate the missing Dr. David Livingstone. In 1865, Livingstone had set out into the "Dark Continent" of Africa in an attempt to find the source of the Nile River, his goal was a two year search. Livingstone was also an abolitionist and wanted to end the slave trade. He was missing after six years and the editor of the New York Herald, James Gordon Bennett, Jr. decided to send Stanley to search for him, planning to capitalize on the publicity the search would bring. Stanley was an interesting case himself, a Welch orphan who came to America on a merchant ship, which he jumped in New Orleans where he he joined the Confederate army, eventually deserting and joining the Union army. He set out from Zanzibar in March with 2000 men. Eight months and several illnesses later, Stanley came to the village of Ujii on Lake Tanganyika. Stanley spotted a white man that looked tired and worn. He walked up to the man, offered his hand and said, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?" to which Livingstone replied, "Yes, and I feel thankful that I am here to welcome you." He did not heed Stanley's pleas to return to England and continued his work. He died 18 months later in Zambia. His remains were embalmed and sent to London, where they were buried in Westminster Abby.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/David_Livingstone.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Henry_Morton_Stanley.jpg/225px-Henry_Morton_Stanley.jpg
Dr. David Livingstone, I presume, alongside Sir Henry Morton Stanley

...in 1965, the third attempt to make a protest march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama over voting rights, began. The first attempt, on what would become known as Bloody Sunday, March 7, ended when state and local police attacked the marchers with tear gas and billy clubs. The second attempt was on March 9 but was limited to the county line by a court injunction. The third march, under the leadership of James Bevel and Dr Martin Luther King, Jr., began on March 21 after the injunction was lifted. In fact, the court order called for the protection of the 600+ marchers by members of the Alabama National Guard under federal control. The 54 mile march took five days and attracted the attention of the nation, and led to President Lyndon Johnson signing the Voting Rights Act of 1965 on August 6 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index261.html#post522713).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/38/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches_-_historic_route.jpg/240px-Selma_to_Montgomery_marches_-_historic_route.jpg
The route of the march is commemorated today as the
Selma to Montgomery National Historic Trail.

...in 1865, Johann Sebastian Bach was born in Eisenach, Saxe-Eisenach, Germany. He was born into a musical family. He learned to play the violin and harpsichord as a child and later, the organ. In fact, in his day, he was better known as a skilled organist than as a composer, however, today he is best remembered for his long list of compositions. While many know his liturgical compositions, such as Jesu, Joy of Man's Desire or the wonderful Brandenburg Concertos, almost everyone in the world can instantly recognize the Toccata and Fugue in D Minor, which is forever linked to the Phantom of the Opera.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Johann_Sebastian_Bach.jpg/180px-Johann_Sebastian_Bach.jpg
Johann Sebastian Bach

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[janetupnorth]

Someday justice will come, someday...

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 115 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1958, Producer Mike Todd perished in a plane crash. He was born in Minneapolis as Avrom Hirsch Goldbogen, and recieved the nickname "Toat" as a child, and it apparently stuck. In sixth grade, in Chicago, he was expelled for running a crap game, and in high school, he produced the school play, The Mikdado. Todd invented the Todd-AO film process, but he was well known for his work in such films as Oklahoma and Around the World in 80 Days. He was even better known for being the third of the seven husbands of Elizabeth Taylor. (Taylor was married eight times. Huh? She married Richard Burton twice.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Miketodd.jpg/180px-Miketodd.jpg
Mike Todd, ca. 1952

...in 1933, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed the Beer and Wine Revenue Act. The law levied a tax of $5.00 on each barrel of beer and wine sold, in order to raise revenues but it exempted beer and wine from the Volstead Act. The act also gave states the right to regulate alcohol distribution. While the act legalized the sale of beer and wine, which had been outlawed with the 18th Amendment, Prohibition did not end until the ratification of the 21st Amendment in 1933.

http://www.breweriana.com/templates/ja_rulite_template_j15/images/logo.jpg

...in 1820, the hero of the Barbary Wars was fatally wounded in a duel, of all things. Stephen Decatur had become a national hero during the Tripolitan War when he commanded a raid into the harbor at Tripoli. (For more about Stephen Decatur and the Tripolitan War, see the Morning Update, February 16, 2009 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index272.html#post617575).) In 1807, Commodore James Barron failed to resist a British attack on his flagship, the USS Chesapeake. Barron and Decatur had served together in the Tripolitan War but Decatur sat on Barron's court martial, which expelled Barron from the navy for a period of five years. It started a feud between the two that would be settled 13 years later, when Barron challenged Decature to a duel after Decatur publically expressed his dismay at Barron being reinstated to the navy. Both shooters hit their marks, but Decatur died from his wound hours later. Barron recovered and was reinstated to the navy at a lower rank.

http://www.history.navy.mil/cannons/Decatur_Stephent.JPG
Stephen Decatur

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 92 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1775, in a speech to the second Virginia Convention, Patrick Henry made his impassioned "Treason" speech that concluded with the iconic line that shall ever be associated with his name, "I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!" The increasing oppressive rule over the colonies began in 1765 after the British passed the Stamp Act, a blatant money grab by the English government to pay for a standing army. In 1773, the Tea Act granted a monopoly to the East India Trade Company as well as providing more tax revenue. Colonists responded by tossing £10,000 worth of tea into the Boston Harbor. In response, the British passed the Intolerable Acts, closing the Boston Harbor and set military rule in Massachusetts. In April of 1775, General Gage marched his troops to Lexington, site a reported colonial arsenal. On April 19, the British were surprised to meet colonists who stood up to them and actually fired upon them, the start of the Revolutionary War and "The Shot Heard 'Round the World."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Patrick_Henry_Rothermel.jpg/180px-Patrick_Henry_Rothermel.jpg
Patrick Henry's "Treason"
speech, captured in an 1851
painting by Peter F. Rothermel

...in 1909, Willhelm and Karl Mayback founded the Luftfahrzeug-Motoren GmbH in Bissingen, Germany. The company was founded to build engines for Zeppelin airships, but the Maybach Motoren-Werke produced the most luxurious Maybach automobile between 1921 and 1941. (The name was resurrected in 2000 by Mercedes-Benz for a new line of luxury automobiles. If you have to ask, you can't afford one, anyway.) The biggest innovation to come from the Mayback brothers, however, was the internal expanding brake. It operated by expanding shoes against an internal drum, to bring a wheel (or drive shaft) to a stop. It was the basis of all automobile braking systems and, in fact, remains in wide use today. Disc brakes have come into wide use in the last several decades, however, internal braking system developed by the Maybachs is still in side use throughout the industry.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Maybach_Zeppelin_Fri.jpg/250px-Maybach_Zeppelin_Fri.jpg
1930 Maybach Zeppelin

...in 1918, the city of Paris was suddenly struck with shells fired from a new, devastating German weapon, the Pariskanone, of Paris Gun. It was developed by Krupps, with a huge 210mm (8.1" calibre) with a 118' long barrel.It was capable of firing a shell about 130,000 feet (about 25 miles) into the air, the first man-made projectile to reach the stratosphere. Because of the range and altitude reached by the projectiles, the trajectory calculations had to take into account the rotation of the earth. Three of the giant guns were fired upon Paris from 75 miles away. The gun was not a tactical success, in fact, the shells were not very large and the accuracy was not good. It was a psychological weapon, designed to break the morale of the Parisians, which it didn't really accomplish. they simply adapted to it. The guns disappeared after the war along with all the documentation. The Nazis tried to reconstruct the huge weapon to shoot across the English Channel at London, but met with little success. Saddam Hussein also tried to construct a giant gun during the Iran-IraqWar, but also met with little success.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Parisgun2.jpg/300px-Parisgun2.jpg
The ParisGun

...in 1839, a uniquely American term became part of the American lexicon. The Boston Morning Post published the term, "O.K." meaning"oll korrect," a popular misspelling popular at the time. It was a very popular practice at the time for young people to misspell words and use initials of those terms as slang. Popular abbreviations included KY for "No use" (Know Use) or "KG" for "No go." (Know Go) Hmmmmm or even "OW" for "All Right" (oll right.) The Boston paper used the term as part of a joke, but it caught on and is still in widespread use today. Well, OK then...

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 106 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1989, the worst oil spill in US history occurred when the supertanker Exxon Valdez ran aground in Prince William Sound, the ruptured hull spewing 11 million gallons of crude oil into the sound. Wind and currents spread the oil over 100 miles from its source before it could be contained, contaminating 700 miles of coastline. It later came to light tha the captain, Joseph Hazelwood, was drinking at the time and allowed an uncertified helmsman to take the wheel. He was convicted of misdemeanor negligence, a conviction that was later overturned because federal statute grants immunity to those who report an oil spill. Environmental groups went after Exxon and pressured the National Transportation Safety Board to force Exxon to pay $100 million in penalties and a crippling $1 Billion dollars, over 10 years, to pay for the cleanup. That figure was rejected by both Exxon and the State of Alaska, the two parties settling on $25 million in restitution for the cleanup. (Exxon reported in 2008 that over $1 Billion has, in fact, been spent on the cleanup, most of the money being underwritten by Exxon over the previous 19 years. In the past 20 years, most of the area has been cleaned, although, some areas that are unreachable still contain oil. That oil is, however, degraded by nature and is unreachable by wildlife to ingest or to otherwise be impacted. Most environmentalists agree the area is clean and safe. Olof Linden of the World Maritime University in Sweden, and a former scientific adviser to the UN Environmental Programme said last year, "I am surprised that they even find any oil at all after [all these] years. Biologically, it is of practically no significance." Except for Greenpeace, of course, that will not agree that the area is, as Exxon says, "...healthy, robust and thriving." Greenpeace is still wringing its hands and complaining, as it always does. Still, according to most reports, Prince Edward Sound is today, environmentally sound.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Exval.jpeg/300px-Exval.jpeg
The Exxon Valdez in 1989, before the spill. The
ship was towed to San Diego for repairs after the spill,
rechristened the Sea River Mediterranean but
was, and is, prohibited from entering Prince William
Sound. Today, known simply as the Mediterranean,
it flies the flag of the Marshall Islands and operates
in East Asia.

...in 1976, cousin Peyton was born to Archie and Olivia Manning in New Orleans. He had a great high school career as a quarterback, throwing to his older brother, but he shocked all the Ole Miss fans when he opted for a career at Tennessee, a record setting and sparkling career where he earned almost every football award except the Heisman Trophy. Manning was drafted by the Indianapolis Colts in 1988 and started breaking more records. Today he is the only NFL player even close to matching Brett Favre's string of continuous starts, but he is even more endeared to the Manning clan for defeating the Chicago Bears in Superbowl XLI in 2007. (Of course, he isn't really my cousin, but a guy can dream, can't he?)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bush_Congratulates_2006_Colts.jpg/250px-Bush_Congratulates_2006_Colts.jpg
Peyton Manning with the 2006 Colts at the White House,
presenting team jersey 43 to President George W. Bush.

...in 1765, Parliament passed the Quartering Act, defining locations, conditions and circumstances that British soldiers were to receive room and board in the colonies. If military barracks were insufficient to house the soldiers, they were to be quartered in “inns, livery stables, ale houses, victualling houses, and the houses of sellers of wine.” If those locations were insufficient, then His Majesty's forces were to be housed in uninhabited houses, outbuildings, barns or other buildings as necessary. The popular image was of redcoats tossing colonists from their bedrooms to accommodate them, the law did not provide for that, but perception becomes reality and the colonists were angered at being told to quarter the troops that they didn't want in the first place. Colonists refused to comply with the law, bringing even more legislation down upon the colonies. In Boston, the close proximity of Redcoats to a population already angered by British laws, led to street brawling and eventually, the Boston Massacre (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index273.html#post625763). The widening crevice never healed, and the British remained in Boston until General Washington drove them out with the Continental Army in 1776.

...in 1958, Elvis Presley was inducted into the US Army. As we reported to you on December 20, 2008 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index269.html#post593837), the King of Rock 'n' Roll was drafted in December, 1957 but was given a deferment to finish filming King Creole.

http://www.elvispresleymusic.com.au/pictures/img/elvis/army/1958_march_24.jpg
Elvis Presley becomes G.I. Elvis on March 24, 1958.

...in 1954, stockholders of the Nash-Kelvinator Corporation and the Hudson Motor Car Company voted to merge the two companies, which would become known as American Motors Corporation, or AMC. The president of the merged operation, George Romney, led the company to be America's most successful, post-war, independent car maker. Romney was the son of Mormon missionaries in Chihuahua, Mexico. (Romney's grandfather Miles Romney, had been born in Nauvoo, Illinois, where the Mormon Chruch began to grow. Miles was a polygamist with four wives and 30 children.) George Romney stressed the need for independent car makers to avoid head-to-head competition with the Big Three automakers. He coined the term "compact car" to promote the AMC product line, and also coined the term "gas-guzzling dinosaur" to describe the Big Three's product line. He became famous for his leadership of AMC and propelled it into a successful political career, serving as the Governor of Michigan and losing the 1968 Republican nomination for President to Richard Nixon. (Romeny would serve as Secretary of HUD under Nixon.) George Romney was the father of (former) Massachusetts Governor and unsuccessful Presidential candidate, Mitt Romeny.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/GeroRomney2.jpg
George W. Romney (1907-1995)

http://www.amxfiles.com/amcpix/nash_56.jpg
AMC's 1956 Nash Ambassador LeMans

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 121 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1920, Walter P. Chrysler walked away from a $500,000.00 per year job as Vice President of Automotive Operations for General Motors. Chrysler was born in Wamego, Kansas, a railroad town and he went to work for the Union Pacific as a janitor, dreaming of being an engineer, which he attained by the age of 20. (Not a "Whoo! Whoo!" engineer but and engineering engineer.) He went on to work in the shops and eventually became the works manager of the American Locomotive Company. In 1912, he was offered a job with Buick in Flint, Michigan under Charles Nash. He saw it as an opportunity to get into the transportation of the future. Nash had taken over the struggling GM in 1910 when Billy Durant was asked to leave. In 1916, Durant took over GM and fired Nash. (Nash bought out Thomas Jeffrey's Rambler in Kenosha, Wisconsin and renamed the company Nash, which became AMC forty years later.) Nash warned Chrysler that Durant was a meddling micro-manager, but Chrysler took the job as President of Buick. He worked out GM's purchase of Fisher Body Company but in 1920, true to Nash's prediction, Durant began to micro-manage Chrysler's work, so he stomped out of the board room and slammed the door. Alfred Sloan, later president of GM, remarked that the sound of the door slamming was the sound of Chrysler Corporation coming to life. (Chrylser took over Willys-Overland for two years and turned the ailing company around, then purchased the Maxwell company and renamed it Chrysler Corporation in 1924. He bought Dodge in 1929 then built the Chrysler Building in New York.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/WPChrysler%2C1924.jpg/225px-WPChrysler%2C1924.jpg
Walter P. Chrysler with a 1924 Chrysler Six

...in 1911, a business on the top three stories of a ten story building caught fire. The floors were occupied by the Triangle Shirtwaist Company, owned by two men named Max Blanc and Isaac Harris, and employed about 600 workers. Most of the workers were immigrant women from Germany, Italy and eastern Europe. It was the classic definition of a "sweat shop" with some of the women being 12 or 13 years old, working twelve to fourteen hour days in a 60-72 hour workweek. The average wage was 6 to 7 dollars per week. The company was the subject of strikes but Blanc and Harris were staunch anti-unionists, hiring thugs to beat up striking workers and hiring prostitutes as replacement garment workers. (A "shirtwaist" was the popular name for women's blouses.) The place was a disaster waiting to happen, with flammable textiles stored all over, fabric scraps littering the floor, tissue patterns hung near cutting tables where cutters often were smokers, and the factory was lit by gaslights. On the afternoon of March 25, an unknown source ignited the fire on the eight floor. It could have been a match, a cigarette butt, bad wiring or an overheated sewing machine motor, no one knows for sure. People on the tenth and eight floors were able to evacuate the building, but the ninth floor did not get the alarm in time. The flimsy fire escape twisted and collapsed under the weight of the evacuees. The only working elevator stopped working and desperate people jumped to their deaths to avoid the fire. The fire department arrived quickly but there were no ladders capable of reaching the burning floors. In the end, 148 died, including the 141 who died at the scene and seven who died later in the hospital. As a result, the American Society of Safety Engineeers was founded shortly after the fire, and more stringent fire codes were put in place by Tammany Hall (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index267.html#post582662).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0d/Triangle_Bodies.jpg/200px-Triangle_Bodies.jpg
The east side of the building with 40
bodies on the sidewalk. Two of the victims
were found alive about an hour after the
picture was taken.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Asch-brown-triangle-shirtwaist-fire-building.JPG/250px-Asch-brown-triangle-shirtwaist-fire-building.JPG
Today, the building is known as the Brown Building
of Science and is owned by New York University. It is on
the National Register of Historical Places.

...in 1774, Parliament passed the Boston Port Act, closing the Port of Boston and demanding reparation of the £10,000 (about $1 million in today's funds) for the tea that was tossed into the port. General Gage was dispatched to shut down the harbor, which he did easily, and it became obvious to the colonists that the British intended to invoke marshall law. Actually, the plan was to separate New England from the rest of the colonies, the hope was to break a united resistance to the Crown. Just the opposite happened, however, as the rest of the colonies rallied behind Boston, shipping in much needed supplies overland. The die was cast, and the road to revolution was opened.

...in 1901, The Mercedes was introduced by Gottlieb Daimler and the five day "Week of Nice" at Nice, France. Two years earlier, a man named Emile Jelinek, the Daimler distributor in Nice, told Daimler that he was impressed with his cars, but he wanted Daimler to build a new car, lighter, with a bigger engine and he would buy 3 dozen of them. There was one more component to the deal, that the cars be named for Jelink's 10 year old daughter, Mercedes. Daimler died before he would ever see a Mercedes, but his son Paul and Wilhelm Maybach took up the challenge. They produced a 2,200 pound car with 35 horsepower, a major breakthrough in 1901. Interestingly enough, Karl Benz was only 60 miles away, performing the same design exercises. Daimler and Benz would compete until 1924, when they finally came together to build some of the best automobiles in the world.

http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/1901-mercedes-35-hp-1.jpg
The 1901 Mercedes

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 59 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1941, the Italian navy successfully used a new weapon, the manned torpedo. It wasn't really a torpedo in the normal sense because of the rather obvious drawback of such a device. (Manned suicide torpedoes were used by the Japanese late in the war.) It was actually an underwater propulsion system to carry frogmen. The machines were equipped with a limpet mine, an explosive device that was attached to the target hull with magnets and detonated at a later time. This allwoed the frogmen to detach the mine and return to the launching vessel, usually a submarine. The Italian device was officially known as Siluro a Lenta Corsa ("Slow Running Torpedo") but were quickly nicknamed maiale (Italian for "pig") because it was difficult to steer. Once the British caught on, they copied the device and called their's Chariot.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Maiale_at_gosport.jpg
An Italian SLC, nicknamed "maiale" which is Italian for "pig.".

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Maiale_cockpit.jpg/180px-Maiale_cockpit.jpg
The cockpit. A frogman with
breathing apparatus steered the
maiale to the target, attached a
limpet mine, then returned to his ship.

...in 1953, Dr. Jonas Salk announced he had successfully tested a vaccine to fight poliomyelitis, the virus that causes polio, a crippling disease that affects mainly children. It also affects adults, perhaps the most famous being President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who used his bully pulpit to fight the desease. Dr. Salk first studied viruses in the 1930s while a student at New York University. He became head of a research lab at the University of Pittsburgh and was awarded a grant in 1948 to study poliomyelitis. He had the first version of his vaccine in 1950, by killing several strains of the virus and injecting the dead cells into the bloodstream. The recipient's bloodstream builds anti-bodies that would resist any future exposure to live poliomyelitis viruses. Salk performed the first human tests on former polio patients, on his family and on himself. He made his announcement in 1953, which made him a celebrity overnight. Clinical trials began in in 1954, and by 1955 the vaccine was pronounced safe and was distributed widely. Today, polio is virtually non-existant in the United States with the few rare cases imported from countries that have not controlled the virus. Dr. Salk was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977 by President Jimmy Carter. He died in 1995, but not from polio!

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Roosevelt_OConnor.jpg/180px-Roosevelt_OConnor.jpg
FDR and Basil O'Connor, his fomer
law partner, meet in 1938 to launch a
campaign to fight polio. The March of
Dimes began that same year.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Salk_Time_cover.jpg/180px-Salk_Time_cover.jpg
Dr. Jonas Salk became an
international celebrity.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Salk_Carter_77.jpg/180px-Salk_Carter_77.jpg
Dr. Salk receives the Presidential
Medal of Freedom in 1977 from
President Jimmy Carter.

...in 1979, a history making peace accord was signed at Camp David between Egyptian President Anwar el-Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, ending three decades of hostility between the nations. In 1977, Sadat traveled to Jerusalem, seeking a permanent peace settlement. Sadat was greeted with outrage in the Arab world, but he continued his pursuit of peace and normalized relations with Israel. In September, 1978, Sadat met with Begin at Camp David, Maryland with President Jimmy Carter and negotiated what would become known as The Camp David Accords. Seven months later, the peace treaty was signed. For their efforts, Menachim Begin and Anwar el-Sadat split the 1978 Nobel Peace Prize and Sadat was assasinated in Cairo by Muslim extremists on October 6, 1981. Despite his death, the peace process continued and Egypt fomally established diplomatic relations with Israel.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Begin%2C_Carter_and_Sadat_at_Camp_David_1978.jpg
Manachim Begin, President Jimmy Carter and Anwar el-Sadat at Camp Daivd, 1978.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 66 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1998, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a new drug, popular beyond all predictions and vehicle for millions of daily spams. Sildenafil, the chemical name, was synthisized to treat hypertension and angina pectoris. The drug had little effect on high blood pressure and angina, it had an interesting side effect: penile erection. Pfizer recognized an opportunity to capitalize on otherwise failed research, naming the drug Viagra and marketing it as a treatment for "erectile disfunction," a fancy new name for old fashioned impotence. The drug went from testing to approval in two years - an unheard of "fast track" for drug approval. In the first year, Pfizer reached $1 billion in sales. It was marketed on television by (former) Senator and presidential candidate, Bob Dole. Of course, as anyone with an email account knows, there are several competitors out there, like Cialis and Levitra but long term side effects are unknown. At least 20 million men have tried it, so it's probably safe to assume that there are 20 million happy couples out there, too.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Viagra_in_Pack.jpg/200px-Viagra_in_Pack.jpg
Small amounts of sildenafil in water prolongs
the time before cut flowers wilt. Hmmmmmm..

...in 1905, Scotland Yard used fingerprints to solve a capital crime, the double murder of Thomas and Ann Farrow, who were shopkeepers. Near the body of Thomas was his empty cash box. Three years earlier, a British court had allowed fingerprint evidence in a theft case but the Farrow murders were the first for a capital crime. Alfred and Albert Stratton were convicted of the crime, on the basis of Alfred's thumbprint on the cashbox that was the motive for the robbery gone bad. The brothers were hanged on May 23, 1905.

...in 1925, Cecil Kimber or Morris Garages took a Morris Cowley and cut it down, removed body parts to reduce the weight and badged it with the now-familiar octoganal logo of MG. It is known as Old Number One, the first MG sports car.

http://www.mgcars.org.uk/pics/carlno1.gif
The first MG sports car, Old Number One.

http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/mg-sports-cars-3.jpg
The MG TD was a post-war sportscar that was aimed
specifically for the American market, and is one of the
most fondly remembered MG sportscars.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cb/MG_logo.png

...in 1945, the Nazis launched the last of their V-2 rockets as the war was obviously lost. The only remaining launch site was in The Netherlands, and the final rocket offensive claimed 200 civilians in England and Belgium. The V-2 was a 12 ton rocket capable of delivering a one ton warhead over 100 miles and it was projected to be able to reach targets 200 miles away. It was launched to a height of 60 miles straight up, then followed a pre-determined arc to its target. It reached its target traveling at a speed of 4,000 MPH and landed with such force that it burrowed into the ground before the warhead had a chance to detonate. One of the rockets landed in Kent in the afternoon, causing the last civilian British casualty of the war. After the war, both the Soviet Union and United States captured unlaunced V-2 rockets that became the basis of the ICBMs of the Cold War. Meanwhile, Wernher von Braun and his staff came to the United States and continued their research. The V-2 evolved into the Redstone Rocket that carried Alan Shepherd and other Mercury astronauts into space.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Fus%C3%A9e_V2.jpg/300px-Fus%C3%A9e_V2.jpg
A replica of the V-2 on display at the Peenemünde museum.

...in 1912, First Lady Helen Taft and Viscountess Chinda (wife of the Japanese ambassador) planted two Yoshina cherry trees on the northern bank of the Potomac River. The symbolic planting was to honor a gift of 3,020 cherry trees from the Japanese government to the United States. Eliza Scidmore, a noted writer, photographer a member of the board of the National Geographic Society, had spent a great deal of time in Japan and first proposed planting cherry trees on the Potomac. Helen Taft took interest in Scidmore's idea in 1909 and when the Japanese consul in New York learned of the interest, he suggested gifting the trees to the United States and in January, 1910, 2,000 trees arrived but had contracted a disease in transit. A private Japanese citizen donated funds to replace the diseased trees, and 3,020 arrived from the banks of the Arakawa River in Adachi Ward, a suburb of Tokyo. The trees were so popular that a three day cherry blossom festival began in 1934 that continues today. After World War II, cuttings from the Potomac cherry trees were sent to Tokyo to restore the trees decimated by American bombing raids during the war.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Washington_C_D.C._Tidal_Basin_cherry_trees.jpg/225px-Washington_C_D.C._Tidal_Basin_cherry_trees.jpg
The Washington cherry trees in bloom.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 107 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1941, ground was broken on the massive Willow Run bomber factory. At the outbreak of WWII, Henry Ford was faced with a dilemma, an avowed pacifist (in 1915, he had led an ill fated anti-war crusade to Europe designed to end WWI, called The Peace Ship) he was reluctant to turn his factories over for war materiel, especially to William Knudsen. Knudsen was the government's czar of Detroit war production. Ford had fired Knudsen in the 1930s, only to have him take over Chevrolet and beat Ford Motor year after year in the marketplace. Once war was declared, Ford's competitive spirit took over and he bragged that Ford Motor Company could build 10 times as many planes as Consolidated Aircraft, given no interference from the government or unions. Knudsen asked Ford to produce sub assemblies for Consolidated but Charles "Cast Iron Charlie" Sorensen said he could build B-24s like flivvers. While the plant was being built and production got underway, the death of Edsel Ford through Ford Motor Company into a battle for control that affected the aircraft plant. The Willow Run plant became known as "Willit Run?" but after Sorensen worked out the kinks, Willow Run began to churn out B-24s at a rate of one per hour and by the end of the war, 8,500 B-24s had been built by Ford's massive plant.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/91/B-24_bomber_at_Willow_Run.jpg/180px-B-24_bomber_at_Willow_Run.jpg
B-24 bombers under construction at Willow Run,
the largest building in the world at the time of its
construction. Today it is a GM transmission plant.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Maxwell_B-24.jpg/300px-Maxwell_B-24.jpg
A B-24 in flight during WWII.

...in 1969, one of the outstanding heroes of World War II and the 34th President of the United States died in Washington D.C. at the age of 78. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower graduated from West Point in 1915, and during WWI was given a battlefield promotion to Lieutenant Colonel. In 1919, he went "on a lark" with the quartermaster corps on the cross-country motor caravan. The trip began in Washington and took two months to travel to San Francisco along the Lincoln Highway. The lesson of the need for good roads was well learned by the young soldier. He became the Supreme Allied Commander of the European theater of WWII, planning and executing the successful D-Day invasion and eventually winning the war. The popular general was easily elected president in 1952, and was a formidable Cold War foe to Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev. In 1954, remembering the 1919 convoy and the Autobahn, he signed the bill that created the Interstate Highway system. He won reelection by a landslide in 1956, and after stepping down in 1961, he and his wife Mamie Dodd Eisenhower, retired to their farm that adjoins the Gettysburg Battlefield. He is buried in a family plot in Abilene, Kansas.

Eisenhower once dreamed of being a professional athlete. He once said, "When I was a small boy in Kansas, a friend of mine and I went fishing and as we sat there in the warmth of the summer afternoon on a river bank, we talked about what we wanted to do when we grew up. I told him that I wanted to be a real major league baseball player, a genuine professional like Honus Wagner. My friend said that he'd like to be President of the United States. Neither of us got our wish."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/68-527-8_USArmy.dtl.jpg/180px-68-527-8_USArmy.dtl.jpg
General of the Army, Dwight D. Eisenhower

...in 1979, the Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station suffered what would be the worst nuclear accident in the United States. At 4 AM, a pressure valve in Unit 2 failed to close. An ambiguous signal did not indicate clearly whether the valve was open or closed, and operators did not discover the error until cooling water, contaminated with radiation, was drained from the reactor, allowing to core to dangerously overheat. It reached a temperature of 4,000º nearing the 5,000º mark that would cause a core meltdown. By 8 PM, the operators realized the situation and began moving cooling water back into the core, avoiding disaster. minor amounts of radiation were released but nothing life threatening. Unfortunately, the accident occurred just 12 days after a popular work of fiction, The China Syndrome had been released. In the movie, Jane Fonda played a news reporter who broke a story about a fictional accident at a fictional nuclear power plant. Misinformation began to run rampant, with the inevitable comparison between fiction and the Three Mile Island facts. Jane Fonda became an outspoken opponent of nuclear power, fighting noted scientist Edward Teller, the father of the hydrogen bomb. Teller later suffered a heart attack, which he blamed on Fonda. "You might say that I was the only one whose health was affected by that reactor near Harrisburg. No, that would be wrong. It was not the reactor. It was Jane Fonda. Reactors are not dangerous," he later said. Since the Three Mile Island accident, no new nuclear power plants have been built in the United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Three_Mile_Island_%28color%29-2.jpg/250px-Three_Mile_Island_%28color%29-2.jpg
The Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station
consisted of two nuclear reactors. Unit 2 was the
site of the accident.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Three_Mile_Island_nuclear_power_plant.jpg/300px-Three_Mile_Island_nuclear_power_plant.jpg
This pre-accident photo shows Unit 1 (left) and Unit 2, in use.
Unit 1 is still in use today, Unit 2 has never been reconstructed
nor reused.

...in 1984, under the cover of darkness, owner Bob Irsay moved the Baltimore Colts to Indianapolis. Irsay, a controversial figure to say the least, moved the team in the middle of the night so no one knew what was happening until it was all over. the Colts had been a mainstay of the NFL in the late 1950s and early 1960s under the leadership of Johnny Unitas with halfback Lenny Moore and Tom Matty. (The Colts were NFL Champions in 1958, 1959 and 1968.) The Colts offered a strong competition to Lombardi's Green Bay Packers and made it to the third Super Bowl, only to lose it to Joe Namath and the New York Jets. The Colts did win Super Bowl V but declined so badly that their 1983 #1 draft pick, John Elway, said he'd rather play baseball for the Yankees than play for the Colts. He was traded to Denver. In 1984, Irsay asked for the city to pay for upgrades to Memorial Stadium, but refused, so Irsay stole away to Indianapolis. In 1996, football returned to Baltimore when Art Modell moved the Cleveland Browns to town. Cleveland was as incensed as Baltimore had been in 1984, and sued the team to keep the name "Browns" in Cleveland, and won. The new Baltimore team was named the Ravens for the hero of Edger Allen Poe's poem The Raven. To this day, the name Irsay is not said out loud in Baltimore, nor is "Modell" in Cleveland. (Long times fans still cannot say the name "Baltimore" without saying "Colts" immediately after.)

http://weblogs.baltimoresun.com/news/photos/ColtsBolt.jpg
25 years ago, the moving vans arrived in the middle of the night
to move the Colts to Indianapolis.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 109 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1973, the last combat troops left Viet Nam. A peace agreement had been signed two months earlier in Paris, between North and South Viet Nam, the Vietcong and the United States, ending the eight year American involvement. The American government had been quietly helping out the French in Viet Nam for years when, in 1961, President Kennedy sent in a large force. After JFK's assassination, President Johnson was faced with either heavier involvement or to pull out. Johnson chose the former, and American troop levels reached 300,000. The war quickly degenerated into a most unpopular war at home, and in 1968, President Johnson knew he had no chance of being reelected and withdrew from the nomination process. The Democrat Convention in Chicago was wracked with violence and bloodshed, as documented by the group Chicago in their first album.The Paris peave agreement was little more than an attempt at saving face for the Americans. As the last Americans were being airlifted out, North Vietnamese Colonel Bui Tin told the South Viet Namese, "You have nothing to fear; between Vietnamese there are no victors and no vanquished. Only the Americans have been defeated."

...in 1951, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were convicted of espionage for passing nuclear secrets to the Soviet Union. A spy ring was uncovered in 1950 when British physicist, Klaus Fuchs was arrested in Great Britain in 1950. He had worked on development of the atomic bomb during WWII and it was learned that he had passed a great deal of information to the Soviets. He rolled over on Harry Gold, an American who was a courier of the data. He was arrested and rolled over on a man named David Greenglass, who had worked in the atomic facility. Greenglass, on arrest, rolled over on Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, his sister and brother in law. They were known to be supporters of the stong left and were involved in labor and politcal issues for years. Although there was no direct evidence, Ethel was thought to be the mastermind behind the entire ring, and after a fast trial, the Rosenbergs were sentenced to death, and were executed on June 19, 1953, in Sing Sing Prison. The case is still surrounded by controversy to this day.

...in 1929, President Herbert Hoover installed a telephone at his desk in the Oval Office. A switchboard and telephones had been installed in the White House in 1878, shortly after Don Ameche (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index273.html#post626641) invented the phone (click on the link to see the joke) but before President Hoover, there had not been a phone on the President's desk.

...in 1932, Jack Benny went on the air with the Jack Benny Program. The former minor Vaudeville performer was well known for his timing and a character that was just the opposite of the real-life Benny. The character was cheap, petty and vain. His masterful comedic rendering of the character kept the show on the radio well into the 1950s, in fact, overlapping the Benny program on television. He was known for a running on-air feud with Fred Allen, with lines so funny that many people actually believed they hated each other. Benny said, after Allen's sudden death in 1956, "You couldn't have such a long-running and successful feud as we did, without having a deep and sincere friendship at the heart of it." The other Benny trademark was his atonal violin playing. There is no documentation anywhere that says if the real life Benny was a great violinist or not, however, he owned a Stradavarius violin, which be bequethed to the Los Angeles Symphony.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Harry_Truman_and_Jack_Benny.gif
Jack Benny and President Harry Truman.

...in 1939, Clark Gable and Carole Lombard were married as Gable took a break from filming Gone With The Wind. It was a storybook marriage, as both were extremely popular. The marriage ended in tragedy in 1942 when Carole Lombard died in a plane crash on the way home from her native Fort Wayne, Indiana at the conclusion of a bond drive.

http://www.meredy.com/gableandlombard/cgcltransparent.gif

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 90 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1981, just 81 days into the presidency, Ronald Reagan was attacked and shot by would-be assassin, John Hinckley, Jr. Reagan was the first serving United States president to survive being shot in an assassination attempt. (Teddy Roosevelt survived an assassination attempt in Milwaukee in 1912 while running for president, but he was not the sitting president at the time of his shooting.) After speaking at the Washington Hilton Hotel, President Reagan was ambushed by Hinckley who did hit home - Mr. Reagan received a gunshot wound to the lung. Hinckley fired six times in three seconds, first hitting White House Press Secretary James Brady in the head, the second hit D.C. police officer Thomas Delahanty in the back, the third overshot and hit a window across the street, the fourth hit Secret Service Agent Timothy McCarthy, the fifth hit the open door of the president's bullet-proof limo, the sixth hit the same door but ricocheted and struck Mr. Reagan under the left arm, grazed his rib and lodged in his lung, stopping within an inch of his heart. When First Lady Nancy Reagan arrived at the ER of George Washington University Hospital, the glib Mr. Reagan borrowed Jack Dempsy's line and said to her, "Honey, I forgot to duck." When he was wheeled into the OR, he remarked, "Please tell me you're all Republicans." Dr. Joseph Giordano, a liberal Democrat, replied, "Mr. President, we're all Republicans today." He was scheduled to speak in Philadelphia the next day, and while intubated but still conscious, he scribbled a note that used W.C. Field's epitaph, "On the whole, I'd rather be in Philadelphia." There is far more to this story than space here provides, and a google search will reward you with hours of analysis of the day President Ronald Reagan was shot.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Reagans_wave_after_returning_from_WH_1981.jpg/250px-Reagans_wave_after_returning_from_WH_1981.jpg
President and Nancy Reagan's triumphant return to the White House,
April 11 after his release from the hospital.

...in 1858, Hymen L. Lipman patented the first pencil with an attached eraser. Pencils had been in use for many years, as had rubber erasers, but Lipman was the first to come up with the idea of simply turning the implement end-to-end to utilize a self-contained eraser. He sold his patent for $100,000.00 (a princely sum in 1858) to Joseph Reckendorfer who immediately sued Faber for infringement. Reckendorfer lost the suit, the courts said combining two already known elements into one implement was not an innovation. (Apparently, lawyers never make mistakes. Just ask one sometime, but be prepared to pay $25 in fees to ask the question.)

http://www.pencils.com/files/images/lipman1.jpg

...in 1867, Secretary of State William H. Seward signed a treaty with Russia, purchasing Alaska for $7,200,000.00. Members of Congress and the press ridiculed the purchase, calling Alaska "Seward's Folly," "Seward's Icebox" and "Andrew Johnson's Polar Bear Garden." At least, those are the names we can print here. Czarist Russia had colonized parts of the Western Hemisphere, in Alaska and as far down the west coast as nothern California. A prolonged war had drained the Czar's treasury and he saw the sale of Alaska to the United States as a way to replenish much needed capital. Seward, who believed in western expansion, saw it as an opportunity to grab a land mass that was 1/5 the size of the entire United States. The move was controversial, in fact, the approval bill passed the Senate by one vote. Seward's vision was realized in 1898 with the discovery of gold and even moreso in the 1960s with the discovery of one of the largest reserves of oil in the world.

http://www.library.state.ak.us/hist/goldrush/16.gif
Skagway, Alaska, gateway to the Klondike gold fields, ca. 1900

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System_Luca_Galuzzi_2005.jpg/250px-Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System_Luca_Galuzzi_2005.jpg
Today's Alaska Gold is in the form of crude oil, carried from
Prudhoe Bay to Valdez by the Alyeska Pipeline.

...in 1950, the phototransistor was patented. It was the basis of the "electric eye" that was an amazing novelty in the 1950s, used to open doors, signal motion and turn streetlights on at dusk and off again at dawn. Today, it is the basis of automatic light metering in your digital camera, electrical generation from sunlight and it even dims your clock radio display at night.

http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/pub/jan99/1950p3.GIF
The Michigan Elevator Exchange used 146 electric-eye
sorting machines to sort beans in Port Huron.

...in 1952, Patty Berg won the LPGA New Orleans Open. Along with Babe Didrikson (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index274.html#post631643), she was a founding member of the Ladies Professional Golf Association in 1950 and served as the first president. Berg was born in Minneapolis in 1918, attended the University of Minnesota and took up golf in 1931. She won several amateur tournaments before turning pro in 1940, but interrupted her career to serve in the US Marines as a lieutenant during WWII. She won the first U.S. Women's Open in 1946 and won 15 major tournaments along with 60 professional wins in her career. Berg was still competing in 1980 at the age of 62! (Hip replacement surgery due to cancer finally ended her pro golf career in 1980.) She also served on the Wilson Advisory Board, Wilson being a major manufacturer of golf clubs in Chicago. She presented over 16,000 golf clinics, called "Paty Berg's Hit Parade," that introduced over 500,000 people to the game of golf. She died in 2006 at the age of 88 from complications of Alzheimer's Disease.

http://z.about.com/d/golf/1/G/e/e/mini-patty_berg_crop.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 111 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1889, the Eiffel Tower was dedicated in a ceremony that was presided over by none other than Gustave Eiffel, the designer and builder of the monument to the centenial of the French Revolution. The French government was planning a huge exposition and held a contest for a fitting memorial. Eiffel's design won easily, an open latice, wrought iron structure that would tower 1,000 feet over Paris and be the world's tallest structure. Eiffel was a noted bridge builder, master of metal work and the designer of the framework for the Statue of Liberty. Naturally, skeptics said it would be unsound and an eyesore. Undeterred, Eiffel built his tower in less than two years, ahead of schedule and under budget. It was a wonder of technology and became one of the modern wonders of the world. Only one worker lost his life during construction, a remarkable safety record for a massive project like this one. It is 984 feet tall, the iron framework rests on four piers. There are observation decks on three levels, and elevators follow the curve of the graceful base. Eiffel called on the American Otis Elevator Company to design the unique glass cage elevators. (In typical French fashion, they were removed in 1899 to be replaced by the superior French lifts. Gag me with a Ginsu.) Although the elevators were not ready for the opening, Eiffel climbed to the top himself and raised the French flag to open the exposition. The tower was only to stand for 20 years and was almost demolished in 1909 when the lease expired on the land, but the tower was too valuable as a radio tower. It also remained the world's tallest structure until the Chrysler Building opened in 1930. (Which was shortly surpassed by the Empire State Building.) The Eiffel Tower remains much as it did in 1889, and it is one of the world's top tourist attractions. (There are seven open-lattice towers in the world that are taller than the Eiffel Tower (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiffel_Tower), two of them are in the United States in Shorewood, Wisconsin and Atlanta, Georgia.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Paris_06_Eiffelturm_4828.jpg/200px-Paris_06_Eiffelturm_4828.jpg
La tour Eiffel, photo by Rüdiger Wölk, Münster, Germany, used with permission.

...in 1931, legendary football coach, Knute Rockne, died in a plane crash near Bazaar, Kansas at the age of 43. Rockne has been called the greatest football mind of all time, and he was the first real advocate of the forward pass. Rockne was born in Voss, Norway and emigrated to Chicago with his parents at the age of 5. He played football in a local club and in high school, but took a job with the Post Office until he was 22, when he had saved enough money to continue his education. He studied chemistry under Julius Arhtur Nieuwland, the noted polymer chemist at Notre Dame, but gave it all up when he became a football coach. As the coach of Notre Dame from 1918 to 1930, he amased the incredible record of 105-12-5, and amazing 88.1%! He is remembered for being the name sake of the Rockne, a Studebaker brand automobile (the brand died with the coach) and for delivering the famous half-time speech that ended with, "Win one for the Gipper."

http://www.knuterockne.com/images/misc/rock001.jpg
Knute Rockne (1888-1931)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/99/George-gipp.jpg
George Gipp (1895-1920) one of the greatest
college football players to ever play the game.
He died of a streptococcal throat infection just days
after he led Rockne's Irish team to a victory over
Northwestern. Gipp's dying words to Rockne were to
tell the boys to "...win just one for the Gipper."

http://files.conceptcarz.com/img/Rockne/32_Rockne_Sdn_DV-06_ARM_01.jpg
The Rockne automobile more likely failed because it was introduced in the depths
of the depression, rather than as a result of Coach Rockne's death.

...in 1968, President Lyndon Johnson shocked the nation when he made his Sherman Speech. (The term refers to Civil War General William Tecumseh Sherman who announced he would not run for President and if elected he would not serve.) In a televised address, President Johnson said, "I shall not seek, and I will not accept, the nomination of my party for another term as your president." Had be run and won the election, it would have been his second elected term as President. Why he did not run has been a topic of discussion ever since. LBJ himself said it was so he could concentrate on being POTUS instead of concentrating on partisan politics. His critics said it was because he had screwed things up in Viet Nam so badly that he had no chance of reelection and withdrew. No one knows for sure, but the Republican candidate, Richard M. Nixon, defeated Minnesota's Hubert Humphrey in the election.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg/225px-37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg
Lyndon Baines Johnson (1908-1973)
36th President of the United States

...in 1776, Abigail Adams from their farm in Massachusetts, wrote to her husband, John, in Philadelphia where he was serving in the Continental Congress. She urged him not to forget about the women while fighting for independence. The amazing Abigail, a future First Lady, wrote in part, "I long to hear that you have declared an independency. And, by the way, in the new code of laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make, I desire you would remember the ladies and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors…Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the husbands. Remember, all men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the ladies, we are determined to foment a rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any laws in which we have no voice or representation.” It would be almost 150 years before the House of Representatives would finally act on her request, by passing the 19th Amendment to the Constitution that granted women the right to vote. The marriage of Abigail and John Adams is still admired today, it was a marriage of mutual respect and admiration. The immense amount of correspondence between the two still exists and is a chronicle of colonial times. Their intellectual discussions included politics, eyewitness accounts of the Revolutionary War, government and everyday life. Abigal Adams had six children, five survived, including her oldest son, John Quincy Adams, who was the sixth POTUS. Abigail Adams and Barbara Bush are the only two women to both be First Ladies and mothers of American presidents. (Much of the dialog between John and Abigail, as well as lyrics in the Broadway musical 1776 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1776_(musical)), were based on their correspondence.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Abigail_Adams.jpg/200px-Abigail_Adams.jpg
Abigail Adams (1744-1818) by Benjamin Blythe, 1766

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 86 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 2009, the U.S. Government announced that the Internet is finished and that the Internet has come to an end. Click here to visit the End of the Internet (http://mdesmond.com/end-of-the-internet/).

...in 1993, 1992 Winston Cup Champion, Alan Kulwicki, died in a plane crash in Bristol, Tennessee. He was the son of USAC engine builder, Jerry Kulwicki and even though he didn't approve of his son racing, Alan went ahead anyway. He was the youngest man to ever start a stock car race in Wisconsin at the age of 18 at the Hales Corners Speedway and he won $27. (The track is now a Home Depot parking lot.) He always raced his own cars and did not have corporate sponsorship, but he was the NASCAR Rookie of the Year in 1986 and he landed sponsorship from Xerox. When Kulwicki won his first NASCAR race, he ran his first signiture "Polish Victory Lap" by driving the track clockwise. Kulwicki won the Winston Cup in 1992 and with his death, went out on top. Milwaukee County named a park after him near his childhood home. No doubt, Alan Kulwicki was a one-of-a-kind.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/AlanKulwickiUnderbird_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-AlanKulwickiUnderbird_%28cropped%29.jpg
Kulwicki's "UNDERBIRD" race car, the TH had been taken off because
Kulwicki felt like an underdog in the last race of the year. He finished 2nd to Bill
Elliott in the race, but won the title.

You can view the UNDERBIRD with the car's owners, along with Alan Kulwicki's parents, Jerry and Thelma, at the Underbird Website (http://www.underbird.com/sale.htm).

...in 1924, Adolph Hitler was sentenced as a result of his conviction for high treason. He was charged because of his role in the famous Beer Hall Putsch on November 8, 1923, when an attempted coup by the Nazi party and members of the army was foiled by the German government. Even with the conviction, Hitler was out of jail by the end of the year. While in prison, he wrote the first volume of Mein Kampf ("My Struggle") and upon his release, was more popular than ever. Within 8 years, he would be in complete control of the German government.

...in 1948, Soviet troops stopped American and British trains as they entered the Soviet occupied areas of Germany, on their way to Berlin. The Soviets demanded to search the trains, the Americans and British refused. Eventually, in June, the Soviets began blocking the trains entirely, and the US Air Force countered with the amazing Berlin Airlift. The frustrated Soviets finally lifted the blockcade, ending the first real showdown of the Cold War.

...in 1877, Edward Schieffelin began to search for silver in the area that is, today, southern Arizona. His associates all said he was crazy and that the only thing he would find was his own tombstone. What he found was one of the richest silver veins in the west, which he promptly named the Tombstone Lode. The Tombstone Mining district and the town that shared the name shot up quickly, with miners and investors showing up to stake their claim to the silver. The town of Tombstone also attracted the usual gamblers, saloon keepers, criminals and lawman wannabes. Of all of them, probably the most famous are Doc Holliday and the Earp Brothers, led by Wyatt, mostly because of their well-romanticized shoot-out with the Clantons and McLaurys at the O.K. Corral in 1881. There were plenty of other gunslingers in Tombstone, including John Ringo and Frank Leslie. Tombstone was so violent that at one point, President chester Arthur considered sending in government troops. There was no need, because once the mines hit groundwater, there was no economical method to continue mining and the town all but dried up. The very reason that caused Tombstone's failure wound up being its savior, as television and movies romanced the old west, interest in Tombstone increased. Tombstone has become a tourist attraction, the O.K. Corral has been restored and the gunfight is reenacted daily. (The Tombstone Epitaph (http://www.tombstoneepitaph.com/index.html) is still being published. Tombstones is known as "The town too tough to die (http://www.cityoftombstone.com/)."

http://www.cityoftombstone.com/allen.JPG
Allen Street today

...in 2009, did you visit the End of the Internet at the top of this post? No one is really sure when the tradition of playing tricks and practical jokes on April 1 began, but most historians agree that it traces back to 1582 when France adopted the new Gregorian calendar and dumped the Julian calendar. The old calendar, which dated back to Julius Caesar in Rome, recognized the first day of the new year as the Ides of March, or the 15th, because it was close to the vernal equinox. As the centuries went on, the start of the new year was April 1, but with the adoption of the Gregorian calendar, the new year started on January 1. It was believed that anyone foolish enough to celebrate the new year on April 1 was deserving of ridicule and to be the brunt of jokes. Modern April Fools gags included the BBC in 1957 reporting on Swiss farmers harvesting a record spaghetti crop with films of people plucking spaghetti from trees. In 1992, Rush Limbaugh announced that he was supporting Bill Clinton in the presidential election and in 1996, Taco Bell claimed to have purchased the Liberty Bell and was renaming in the Taco Liberty Bell. Two years later, Burger King advertised a "Left-Handed Whopper" with hundreds of suckers ordering the phony sandwich. Tell your friends that the Internet has come to an end and send them the link.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 85 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 2005, Pope John Paul II died in the Vatican. He was the first non-Italian to hold the position since the 16th Century. He was well loved and respected around the world, an estimated two million people packed Vatican City for his funeral. John Paul II was born in Wadowice, Poland, near Krakow, as Karol Jozef Wojtyla. The remarkable man was both the youngest man to be chosen Pope in 132 years and he was the first Pope of Slavic descent. John Paul II was conservative and staunch in his beliefs, he was anti-communist and anti war, he was against abortion, capital punishment, homosexuality and contraception. Later in his term, he was outspoken against euthenasia, human cloning and stem cell research. He was the most widely traveled Pope in history, speaking Polish, Italian, French, German, English, Spanish, Portuguese and Latin. Along with his fluency, his personal charm carried him well throughout the world, connecting to not only Catholics but people of all faiths. Two assassination attempts were made on his life, both unsuccessful, and he personally forgave his attackers. John Paul II is well remembered for his efforts to end communism and for issuing the Church's first apologies for the Church's role in World War II. Joeseph Cardinal Ratzinger became Pope Benedict XVI after John Paul's death, and he immediately took the first steps to beatify John Paul II as a saint.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/JohannesPaul2-portrait.jpg
Pope John Paull II

...in 1979, Ekaterinburg, Russia, (formerly known as Sverdlosk) became the location of the first anthrax epidemic in the world. In a six week period, 62 people perished. The town was and is still an agricultural community. Livestock was also lost during the six week epidemic. The Soviet government released a statement that the citizens had ingested tainted meat, but the town was known in intelligence circles as a center of biological weapons research. As a result, most everyone was skeptical but it took until after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1992 that the truth was finally revealed. Workers at the Ekaterinburg weapons plant had not replaced a crucial filter, the result was weapons-grade anthrax being released into the atmosphere. The wind carried the spores into the rural area of the community, infecting people and animals. Had the town been downwind at the time of the release, far more people would likely have died. (Sverdlosk was the location of the Ipatiev House, where Czar Nicholas II and his family (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index271.html#post614211) were executed by the Bolsheviks. It was also the location where Francis Gary Powers was shot down in his U-2 spy plane on May 1, 1960.)

...in 1956, Alfred P. Sloan stepped down as the Chairman of General Motors after holding the helm for almost two decades. Sloan was the architect of the modern GM, after he joined the loosely-knit organization put together by Billy Durant. Sloan came to GM in 1916 with Hyatt Roller Bearing Corporation when Durant purchased the company to be part of GM. Sloan worked his way up to Vice President in 1923, becoming chairman in 1937, and he set about modernizing the corporation. He built a new headquarters (usually referred to as "The Ivory Tower" for its white marble fascade) and a centralized operations center. He streamlined operations and focused on profits, turning GM into a business model that was respected around the world. Sloan is also remembered for GM's strategy of "A car for every purse and purpose" as well his philosophy that "The business of business is business." He died in 1966 at the age of 90.

http://www.latimes.com/media/photo/2009-03/45879348.jpg
Alfred P. Sloan (1875-1966) It has
been said that Sloan is "The Father of
the modern corporation." Where is he
now that GM needs him?

...in 1972, Charlie Chaplin returned to the United States for the first time since 1952. The always left-leaning British subject was branded as a communist and after he went home for a visit in 1952, FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover had his re-entry permit canceled. Chaplin vowed to never return to the US, but relented in 1972 to accept a special Academy Award. He died on Christmas Day, 1977, at the age of 88, at his home in Vevey, Switzerland.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Charlie_Chaplin.jpg
Chaplin, as The Tramp ca. 1926

...in 1513, Juan Ponce de Leon set foot on the coast of Florida near present day St. Augustine, claiming the land in the name of Spain. de Leon was in search of the "Fountain of Youth," a magic water that granted the consumer eternal youth. (It appears that many of today's retirment age folks are still in search of it.) De Leon named what he thought was an island, "La Florida" because the landing occurred during the Easter feast, "Pascua Florida." He returned in 1521 to establish a Spanish colony, only to receive a mortal wound in conflict with unfriendly natives. He returned to Cuba where he died from the injuries. St. Augustine was finally settled in 1565 and remains the oldest community in the New World. In 1819, Florida was granted to the United States in the Florida Purchase Treaty with Spain.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Juan_Ponce_de_Le%C3%B3n.jpg/225px-Juan_Ponce_de_Le%C3%B3n.jpg
Juan Ponce de Leon (1474-1521)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 106 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1860, the Pony Express began operation when two riders left both terminals, St. Joseph, Missouri and Sacramento, California, at the same time. Relay teams of riders and horses carried mail pouches over the 1,800 mile trip in about 10 days. At the time, that was an incredible decrease in the time it took mail to make the journey. California had become a state in 1850 but was geographically cut off from the rest of the nation. Mail was carried either by ship, which took about a month to make the journey "around the Horn," or via stagecoach on the newly opened Butterfield Express route, which could take upwards from three weeks to make the trip. Riders, who could not weigh more than 125 pounds, were paid $25 per week, when the average wage was $1.00 per day. (The Butterfield Express, which had the mail contract, was required by law to use the Oxbow Route, which went through El Paso, Texas and Fort Yuma, Arizona, a route that was 600 miles longer than the northern route that was used by the Pony Express.) The Pony Express never won the mail contract, it never made any money, and it lasted only 19 months. Pony Express ceased operation on October 26, 1861, just two days after the transcontinental telegraph became operational, rending it obsolete. Ironically, the Pony Express came under the control of the Butterfield Overland Express, and the whole works was sold to Wells, Fargo and Company. (The Pony Express, the telegraph line, the transcontinental railroad and the 20th Century Lincoln Highway all followed nearly the same alignment.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4b/TCTelegraph.jpg/350px-TCTelegraph.jpg
A Pony Express rider waves to the men
who are putting him out of a job..

...in 1882, Jesse James was shot in the back by Robert Ford, a member of the James Gang, who wanted to collect the bounty on James' head. Jesse and his brother, Frank, joined a guerrilla group led by William Quantrill that was known as Quantrill's Raiders. It was a quasi-unit of the Confederate army that terrorized Kansas and Missouri, acting on behalf of the Confederate army where there was no army. In 1863, Quantrill's Raiders massacred the citizens of Lawrence, Kansas, an abolitionist town. At the end of the Civil War, Jesse and Frank James, along with brothers Cole, James, and Robert Younger continued the military style raids for the express purpose of armed robbery. Their first raid was the first daylight bank robbery in America, when they held up the bank in Liberty, Missouri, scoring $60,000.00 in cash, coins and securities. Over the following 16 years, the James/Younger gang became the most notorious outlaws in the country, robbing banks, trains, stagecoaches and individuals.

(There is some compelling evidence behind a theory that the James Gang was actually raising money to help fund a return of the Confederacy, and that they were members of a secret society known as the Knights of the Golden Circle. Most of the massive amounts of money stolen has never been recovered, and none of the gang members were obviously living beyond their means. The theory goes on to say that most of the stolen money remains buried in numerous locations around the south. The story of the Knights of the Golden Circle and the buried treasure is the subject of a book entitled Shadow of the Sentinel (http://books.google.com/books?id=LIKtwULMP98C&dq=shadow+of+a+sentinel&printsec=frontcover&source=bn&hl=en&ei=8KbSSeLWH9bqnQfjr53iBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=4&ct=result) by Bob Brewer, and the KGC legend was the inspiration of the Disney film National Treasure 2: Book of Secrets.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Jesse_and_Frank_James.gif
Frank and Jesse James ca. 1872

...in 1885, a patent for a one-cylinder, water cooled engine was issued to Gottlieb Daimler. Development of the internal combustion engine had been stymied by the tremendous amounts of heat developed by the controlled explosions in the cylinders. Engine developers had been looking for a breakthrough, which Daimler provided by circulating cooling water through the engine block to carry away the heat. Except for a few notable exceptions, such as the old Volkswagon beetle's air-cooled engine, all modern engines still use Daimler's principle of liquid cooling. Daimler, with his partner Wilhelm Maybach, completed their first automobile in 1889, the first of a family of Daimler's fabulous automobiles. In 1924, Daimler merged with Karl Benz to from the famous company that still bears their names. (Daimler-Benz also builds the ultra-luxurious Maybach, so all three partners' names are still alive in the market.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gottliebdaimler1.jpg/213px-Gottliebdaimler1.jpg
Gottlieb Daimler (1834-1900)

...in 1996, the Museum of Modern Art in New York City placed a Jaguar E-type into permanent exhibit, just the third automobile to be so honored by MOMA. the 1961 E-type was the first Jaguar to come to market after the factory had been destroyed by fire in 1957. The sleek lines made it an immediate hit. A Jaguar XKE was the car racing the Corvette in Jan and Dean's single Dead Man's Curve in 1964 and was also a featured car in the The Rip Cords' Hey, Little Cobra (written by Carol Conner) also in 1964. The Jaguar E-type is considered one of the top all-time automotive designs and truly is a work of art.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/SeriesoneJag.jpg/250px-SeriesoneJag.jpg
Jaguar E-Series Coupe




...in 1968, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his "I've Been to the Mountaintop" speech in Memphis, Tennessee, in support of striking sanitation workers. It is considered one of the top 100 speeches of all times. He ended the speech by saying, "He's allowed me to go up to the mountain. And I've looked over. And I've seen the promised land. I may not get there with you. But I want you to know tonight, that we, as a people, will get to the promised land. And I'm happy, tonight. I'm not worried about anything. I'm not fearing any man. Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord." The next day, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. would die from an assassin's bullet.

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1964/king.jpg
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 73 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1841, William Henry Harrison died of pneumonia, in the White House, only 31 days after his inauguration. He was the ninth POTUS and the first to die in office. In 1811, he led US forces against Shawnee Chief Tecumseh at the Battle of Tippecanoe, near today's Lafeyette, Indiana. In 1812 in the War of 1812, he led the successful recovery of Detroit from the British. He was elected to the House of Representatives and to the Senate in 1825. In 1840, he ran for president with John Tyler as his vice presidential running mate, using the slogan, "Tippecanoe and Tyler, too!" His inauguration was on March 4 and in bitterly cold weather, he gave the record longest inauguration speech of two hours. He contracted pneumonia and died in office on this date, with John Tyler ascending to the presidency.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4f/William_Henry_Harrison_daguerreotype.jpg/225px-William_Henry_Harrison_daguerreotype.jpg
William Henry Harrison in an
1841 Daguerreotype by Moore and Ward.

...in 1939, in a little-known event in the lives of two of America's most popular comedians, Jack Benny, on this day in 1939, was found guilty on federal charges of jewel smuggling. George Burns was also convicted of the same crime in January of the same year, he pled guilty but Benny pled not guilty and went to trial. In reality, Benny and Burns were the victims of a scam run by Albert Chaperau, who's real name was Nathan Schapiro, a career criminal and confidence man who claimed to be a Nicaraguan diplomat. He claimed he could bring jewelry into the United States without paying duty as he carried the jewels in a diplomatic pouch. Chapereau got nailed on info from an informant then rolled on his Hollywood clients. Burns and Benny were not the only ones to be taken in by Chaperau but they were the most famous. The two were buying the jewels for their wives, Gracie Allen and Mary Livingstone, but wound up paying fines. Burns paid $15,000.00 in fines and received one year and one day suspended sentence. Jack Benny paid $10,000.00 in fines and was given a 6 month suspended sentence. The fink was a maid who was pro-Nazi (of all things) and was paid $8,000.00 for acting as a government informant. (We assume her pro-Hitler stance eventually got her in trouble with the government.) The events had no effect on the careers of any of the four, as most people never even heard of it, but every time they went to the White House afterward, the subject always came up. (While researching this article, I've found that the (usually public) FBI files on Burns and Benny have been made unavailable.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f6/JackandMaryBenny.gif
Jack Benny and Mary Livingstone

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/38/Burnsgracie.jpg/300px-Burnsgracie.jpg
Gracie Allen and George Burns

...in 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee just after 6 PM, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was shot and killed while standing outisde his second floor hotel room on the balcony at the Lorraine Motel. He was there in support of a strike by sanitation workers. As word of his assassination spread, riots broke out across the country, in fact, the National Guard was called out in Memphis and Washington. Tens of thousands of people lined the route of his funeral procession, his bier carried on a common farm wagon drawn by mules. Later in the evening, a .30-06 hunting rifle was found across the street. Prints on the weapon, eyewitness accounts and the rifle itself pointed to James Earl Ray, a low-level criminal with a long rap sheet of petty crimes. He tried to flee and was arrested by Scotland Yard in London while trying to get to Rhodesia (today: Zimbabwe) a supremicist country. He was extradited and pled guilty to avoid the chair. He maintained his innocence until his death in 1998 and claimed he was framed as part of a vast conspiracy involving the FBI, the government and the military. His case has been investigated several times, by the House Select Committee on Assassinations, the Shelby County DA's office, and the U.S. Justice Department. All the investigations led to the same conclusion: James Earl Ray was and outspoken racist who hated Martin Luther King, Jr. murdered the civil rights leader in Memphis on this date in 1968.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Martin_Luther_King_was_shot_here_Small_Web_view.jp g/180px-Martin_Luther_King_was_shot_here_Small_Web_view.jp g
The Lorraine Motel, where the murder took place,
is the location of the National Civil Rights Museum.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 48 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1955, the leader of the free world during WWII retired as the Prime Minister of Great Britain. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was born in 1874 and became a member of the British Fourth Hussars in 1895 where he built a military reputation in India, the Sudan and South Africa. He resigned in 1899 and entered politics, winning a seat in Parliament in 1900. He became First Lord of the Admiralty in 1911 and began preparations for the war that was looming. He returned to politics after the war, and was an outspoken critic of the Nazis and Hitler but his warnings were unheeded. At the outbreak of the war, he replaced the weak Neville Chamberlain as Prime Minister. (Churchill reported said about Chamberlain, "An appeaser is one who feeds a crocodile, hoping it will eat him last.") Churchill rallied the British population, declaring that the British would never surrender. He built a resolute population, dedicated to repelling Germany from Britain's shores. With his usual brilliance, he arranged the alliance between Britain, Roosevelt and Stalin that would eventually crush the Nazi movement. He led Britain through its darkest period in history, and as a reward, was voted out of office at the end of the war! In 1951, he was reelected until he retired, this day in 1955. Churchill was a brilliant man, accomplished Nobel Prize winning author and captivating speaker. His lines are still quoted today, including a 1941 graduation speech at Harrow School where all he said was, "Never give in--never, never, never, never, in nothing great or small, large or petty, never give in except to convictions of honour and good sense. Never yield to force; never yield to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Churchill_portrait_NYP_45063.jpg/250px-Churchill_portrait_NYP_45063.jpg
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (1874-1965).
Although prepared for martyrdom, I preferred that it be postponed.

...in 1931, the Fox Film Corporation dropped Marion Michael Morrison from its roster of actors. The lot hand had acted in several films in bit parts, and apparently, Fox management didn't see a future for the tall actor. Morrison was born in Iowa in 1908 but moved to California as a child. He attended USC on a football scholarship but dropped out and took a job as a lot hand at Fox. There, he befriended a young director named John Ford. When he was billed in a film, it was as Duke Morrison, the nickname coming from a childhood pet. He had a starring role in 1930 in a film that flopped, entitled The BIg Trail. At Lone Star Studios, he was in 16 forgettable westerns, even playing a singing cowboy. In 1939, however, he was given a major role in the film Stagecoach that was directed by his old friend, John Ford. Billed as John Wayne, he went on to make over 250 films in his career, many of them directed by John Ford.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/John_Wayne_in_Wake_of_the_Red_Witch_trailer.jpg
John Wayne, in his arguably worst movie,
Wake of the Red Witch in 1948.

...in 1792, President George Washington issued the first presidential veto. It was a bill that was designed to reapportion seats in the House of Representatives that would have given an disproportionate amount of seats to northern states. Washington vetoed the bill on the grounds that it was unconstituional and was not what the framers had in mind. Congress might overruled the veto, but instead, wrote a new bill that was based on a math formula that was based on population. Washington vetoed only one other bill in his two terms, in 1797 Congress passed a bill that would have reduced the size of the military, which Washington vetoed. (Does any of this sound familiar? There's not much new, is there?)

...in 1614, an English tobacco planter in the Jamestown settlement in Virginia married Pocahontas, the daughter of the Powhatan Indians. Jamestown was settled in 1607, the first English colony in the New World. The colony struggled in the early days but remained with the efforts of John Smith who directed the colony's survival efforts and laid out maps of the area. He was exploring the Chickahominy River when he was captured by the Powhatan, which was a confederacy of several local tribes. He was sentenced to die but was spared by the intercession of Matoaka, Chief Powhatan's 13 year old daughter. Her nickname was "Pocahontas" or "Playful One." Over the years, Pocahontas came to the colony as the chief's ambassador, where she learned English life and befriended the colonists. Smith was forced to return to England from injuries, and the colony was about to be abandoned when a new governor arrived, Barron De La Warr. (Say it out loud. A river and colony would be named after him.) The marriage of Pocahontas and John Rolfe brought an uneasy peace between the colonies and the Indians. Rolfe and his wife, now christened Rebecca, traveled to England where she was presented at court as an Indian Princess. The day before they were to return to the colony, Pocahontas died (probably from smallpox) and was buried in England. Rolfe died in an Indian massacre in 1622.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Pocahontas_original.jpg/180px-Pocahontas_original.jpg
A 1616 engraving of Pocahontas by Simon van de Passe.
The original caption read:
"Matoaks als Rebecka daughter
to the mighty Prince Powhâtan
Emperour of Attanoughkomouck
als virginia converted and baptized
in the Christian faith, and wife to
John Rolfe."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Pocahontas_at_jamestown.jpg/175px-Pocahontas_at_jamestown.jpg
A statue of Pocahontas was placed
in Jamestown in 1922. Note how her facial
features are more Anglican than in the
contemporary engraving, shown above.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 51 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one 49 r-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1917, the House of Representatives voted 373 to 50 to approve a war declaration that the Senate had approved 82-6 just two days earlier. With the vote, the United States formally entered World War I. The war had started in 1914 with the United States staying away. Henry Ford, an avowed pacifist, made an idealistic attempt to end the war in December of 1915. “We’re going to try to get the boys out of the trenches before Christmas,” the confident automaker said. “I’ve chartered a ship, and some of us are going to Europe.” It failed and was met with ridicule. Germany followed a strategy of blockading Great Britain. Germany announced that all shipping, neutral or not, was subject to attack once entering British waters. Because Great Britain was a trade partner, German U-Boats began attacking American shipping, sinking the William P. Frye, a private vessel, in March 1915, The Germans called it an unfortunate mistake. On May 7, the Germans sank the British ship Lusitania killing 1,201 of the 2,000 people on board, 128 were Americans. The Germans seemed aloof to American protestation, but promised to see to the safety of passenger of unarmed ships, but in November, a U-boat sank an Italian ship that killed 27 Americans. Public opinion began to turn against Germany but the last straw occurred in February of 1917 when a U-boat sank the American liner Housatonic. Although it took some time for General Pershing and his troops to arrive "Over There" the arrival of the Americans turned the tide of the war.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/John_Pershing.jpg/150px-John_Pershing.jpg
General John J. Pershing at
Chaumont, France, 1918.

...in 1862, the Civil War moved into the west as Union forces under Ulyses S. Grant and Confederate troops under General Albert Sidney Johnston met at Shiloh, near Pittsburgh Landing, in Tennessee. It was the bloodiest battle of the war, up to that point, and the brutality surprised both sides. The Union army had been working its way along the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers, Kentucky was under Union control as was much of Tennessee, even the capital at Nashville was in Union hands. Grant, with 42,000 men, was trying to reach General Don Carlos Buell's Army of the Ohio that was 20,000 strong. They wanted to take Corinth, a rail center that would give the Union control over the entire region. Johnston's army of 45,000 was waiting for them at Corinth. But Johnston didn't wait. He began advancing on April 3, encountering the Union on April 6, pushing them back to a chuch called "Shiloh." Eventually, Buell's army arrived to reinforce Grant and the fresh troops were able to push the fatigued Confederate army to Corinth, a major Union victory. Ironically, Shiloh is a biblical term that means "place of peace."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Battle_of_Shiloh_Thulstrup.jpg/300px-Battle_of_Shiloh_Thulstrup.jpg
The Battle of Shiloh by Thure de Thulstrup

...in 1970, Dr. Sam Sheppard died of liver failure at the age of 46. The Sam Sheppard case was an absolute media frenzy in the 1950s for the trial and re-trial of the doctor for murdering his pregnant wife. On July 4, 1954, Marilyn Sheppard was found, beaten to death, in the Bay Village, Ohio home they shared. Sheppard claimed that a "bushy-haired" attacker had beaten her to death, and even beat him. The Sheppard's son slept through the entire ordeal just down the hall. In December 1954, he was convicted of second-degree homicide and sentenced to life in prison, while maintaining his innocence. Ten years later, F. Lee Bailey won a new trial and in 1966, he was aquitted. The case put Bailey in the limelight and he went on to other high-profile trials, most notably, O.J. Simpson. Sheppard, meanwhile, returned to his medical practice, tried his hand at professional wrestling but he also took up drinking. Although no one was ever arrested for the murder of Marilyn Sheppard, Richard Eberling, a window washer who once worked for the Sheppards, was found to have one of Marilyn's rings in his possession. He was convicted of the murder of another woman and died, in prison, in the 1980s. Sam and Marilyn Sheppard were the inspiration for Dr. Richard Kimble, The Fugitive.

http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/FTrials/sheppard/samsheppards.jpg
Dr. Sam Sheppard (1923-1970)

...in 1896, the first modern Olympics were held in Athens, Greece with athletes from 14 countries participating. The ancient olympics were thought to have originated in Olympia, Greece around 776 BC. The last olympiad was held about 393 AD, banned by the Roman government. The modern International Olympic Committee met in 1894 and chose Greece as the appropriate place to restart the ancient tradition. 241 men (no women) representing 14 countries were there to compete in the 43 scheduled events. James Connolly of the United States became the first Olympic champion, winning the triple jump on the first day. He would later finish second in the high jump and third in the long jump. The United States took home the most first place finishes with 11, although Germany, France, Great Britain and Greece all had more athletes participating. Greece won the most first, second or third place finishes (46) and a Greek runner, Spyridon Louis, won the marathon. The first Olympiad came to an end on April 15, 1896. It was not until the 3rd Olympiad, held in St. Louis, that the now-familiar Bronze, Silver and Gold medals were awarded. The games returned to Athens in 2004, this time, with 10,625 athletes (4,329 women) representing 201 nations, all participating in 301 events.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/1896_Olympic_opening_ceremony.jpg
The opening ceremony of the 1896 Olympics
in the Panathinaiko Stadium

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 61 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1873, one of the winningest managers in Major League baseball was born in Truxton, New York. John M 61 aw won 2,763 games as a manager, second only to the legendary Connie Mack who had 3,731 wins. McGraw played for St. Bonaventure University and joined the Baltimore Orioles in 1891. He played third base in his q6 year career, had a reputation as a talented batter and for his aggressive personality. He went to the New York Giants and became the player-manager of the team. He ended his playing career in 1906 and continued as the manager until 1932. In that time, the Giants won 10 pennants, finished second 11 times and won the World Series three times. McGraw had a magnificent understanding of baseball, he invented the hit-and-run and the squeeze play. His rather abrasive personality got him ejected from 131 games (second only to Bobby Cox.) McGraw died in 1934 at the age of 60 and he was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1937. (Shortly after his death, McGraw's widow found a list of all the African-American players John McGraw wanted to have play on his teams.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d1/John-mcgraw-baseball.jpg/200px-John-mcgraw-baseball.jpg
John McGraw (1873-1934)

...in 1891, Phineas Taylor Barnum died in Bridgeport, Connecticut. The 81 year old showman was still a force to be reckoned with, He asked a New York newspaper to run his obituary so he could read it and enjoy it. The paper obliged. He was born in Bethel, Connecticut in 1810, and when he was 15, his father died. That left him to fend for his mother and five siblings, which he did by publishing a paper in Danbury, where he was often arrested for libel. He married at 19 and went to New York with Joice Heath. He claimed she was 161 years old and had been a nurse to George Washington. He was making $1500 a week promoting the hoax. In 1842, he purchased the American Museum in New York and filled the five story building with every oodball and sideshow character he could find. The museum had Siamese twins, joined at the chest, a mermaid preserved in liquid and other hoaxes. By far and away, his most popular oddity was in the form of Charles Stratton, a midget who used the stage name, "General Tom Thumb." The 3'3" tall "General" was so popular that he was invited to an audience with the Queen of England. 82 million guests toured Barnum's museum in its 26 year run. A fire swept through the museum in 1868, so Barnum closed it and toured the country promoting Jenny Lind, "The Swedish Nightingale." At the age of 60, he married a 20 year old woman and launched the P.T. Barnum's Grand Traveling Museum, Menagerie, Caravan and Circus. It was the largest circus in American at the time, and he added the innovation of having three shows going on at once in three separate rings. In 1872, he began to promote it as "The Greatest Show on Earth," a slogan that is fiercely protected to this day. In 1881, he merged with James A. Bailey's London circus and promoted it with the unwieldy name of "P.T. Barnum's Greatest Show on Earth, and The Great London Circus, Sanger's Royal British Menagerie and the Grand International Allied Shows United." In 1888, it just became known as "Barnum & Baily Greatest Show on Earth." His last words were, "Ask Bailey what the box office was at the Garden last night." (The show continued under Baily's guidance, and he took the circus to Europe for a five year tour. This allowed the Ringing Brothers' circus to sweep into the east coast and fill the void left by the Greatest Show on Earth being in Europe. The Ringlings would buy the show in 1907 and ran both shows as separate entities until 191 when they were combined and became known as Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Combined Shows. The show continues to this day. The antique remains of the combined shows, including the largest collection of circus wagons in the world, are on display at the Circus World Museum (http://circusworld.wisconsinhistory.org/) in the Ringling's home town, Baraboo, Wisconsin.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/02/GeneralTomThumbWeddingHarpers.jpg/180px-GeneralTomThumbWeddingHarpers.jpg
General Tom Thumb & Lavinia Warren
on their wedding day as they appeared
on the cover of Harper's Weekly in 1863.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Barnum_%26_Bailey_clowns_and_geese2.jpg/250px-Barnum_%26_Bailey_clowns_and_geese2.jpg

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/IM006846.jpg
The oldest of the Ringling Brothers built this movie palace for his friends back in his home town of Baraboo. The Al Ringling Theater is undergoing restoration and is still in use.

...in 1994, a brutal civil war began in Rwanda with the murder of 10 Belgian peace keepers who were in Rwanda at the request of the United Nations. The attack was designed to discourage international interruption, which it succeeded in doing. In the following three months, the Hutu extremists who had seized control of Rwanda murdered an estimated 800,000 civilian Tutsis in a massive genocide, the largest since the Holocaust. The Tutsis comprised 10% of the Rwandan population and received no assistance from the international community. The Hutus and Tutsis were of similar background, shared a common language and a shared culture that went back generations. About 1990, Hutu President Juvenal Habyarimana began using anti-Tutsi rhetoric to consolidate his power with the Hutus. There were several raids on the Tutsis resulting in hundreds being massacred. The army and government began to arm the Hutus and in Janurary, 1994, the UN warned that the genocide was imminent. On April 6, 1994, President Habyarimana died when his plane crashed, most likely at the hands of Hutu extremists who believed the president was about to sign a peace treaty. Hutu extremists in the military, led by Colonel Bagosora, killed the Belgians and began to murder innocent Tutsis and moderate Hutus within hours of the crash. Radio broadcasts called for Hutus to kill all the Tutsis in the country. The national police and the army directed the genocide and thousands were hacked to pieces by neighbors armed with machetes. The international community hesitated to take any action, ascribing the genocide to chaos and tribal disputes. The Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) was a Tutsi military group that was outside of the country. They mounted a military action to retake the government. By summer, the RPF had defeated the Hutu forces and drove them out of the country. By that time, over 3/4 of the Tutsi population had been murdered. In 2006 David Kabuye, the Managing Editor of New Times Publications, said "There are no us and them, there are Rwandans." He went on to say that the millions of Rwandans that fled their country during the genocide are still returning but things have changed so much that they don't know their way around. Rwanda is moving toward a knowledge based economy. Kabuye says, "This presents the challenge of developing a high tech communications infrastructure alongside the basic needs for clean water, sewage disposal and power generation. The 1994 genocide is never far away..."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Rusesabagina%2C_Paul_%28Whitehouse%29.jpg
Paul Rusesabagina was the manager of the
Hôtel des Diplomates in Kigali, Rwanda in 1994. He turned
the hotel into a refuge camp, saving 1,268 Tutsis and
moderate Hutus from certain death. His story was told
in the 2004 Don Cheadle film, Hotel Rwanda.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 55 candles as of this post. Our totals are getting lower and lower each day! Please, remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1910, the first wooden track for automobile racing opened in Los Angeles near Playa del Rey. The track was based on the design of the velodromes of France that were used for bicycle racing. The track was one mile, banked at 20 degrees and paved completely with 2x4s. The track became known as "The Boards" and cars could reach speeds of 120 miles per hour. Within five years, there were about a half a dozen of the wood tracks operating around the country, some banked as steeply as 45º! (A driver could run his car up to 100 mph on such a track without touching the steering wheel.) By 1931, there were two dozen wood tracks operating, including one in Hollywood where the exclusive shops of Rodeo Drive are located today. Unfortunately, the life expectancy of the wood was five years when it would splinter and develop potholes. During the depression, there just wasn't enough revenue to keep the tracks operational and they all ceased operations. (The LA Motordome burned down in 1913.)

http://www.silhouet.com/motorsport/tracks/usa/playa_del_rey.jpg
Los Angeles Motordrome.

...in 1990, ABC began airing David Lynch's eerie and quirky series, Twin Peaks. Kyle McLachlan played Special Agent Dale Cooper, sent to a small Pacific Northwest town to investigate the murder of Laura Palmer. The show instantly became a cult classic and developed a loyal following, at least, until the story line got a little too weird, even for David Lynch standards. The show was cancelled in June, 1991.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/50/Agentdalecooper.jpg/250px-Agentdalecooper.jpg
Twin Peaks was known for a dizzying array of strange characters,
including Kyle MacLachlan as Dale Cooper, who lived for coffee,
cherry pie and donuts.

...in 1935, Congress voted to approve the Works Progress Administration (WPA) as the crown jewel of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal. The predecessor of the WPA was the Civil Works Administration, which began operation on November 8, 1933 and ceased operation on March 31, 1934 after being struck down by the Supreme Court for being unconstitutional. Both programs were designed to provide employment for chronically unemployed people during the depression era. The WPA hired more than 8.5 million people before it ceased operation in 1943. The program was not to conflict with private enterprise and most projects were on public lands, including parks, bridges, buildings, highways and dams. Even though the program was controversial on constitutional levels, it was extremely popular and contributed to FDR's landslide re-election in 1936. (In the Milwaukee area, WPA projects included many of the county parks. Structures in the parks, bridges and buildings for example, were built with dolomite, locally quarried in an area known as "Lannon" and the dolomite is known here as Lannon Stone. The WPA built the welcome center at the Boerner Botanical Gardens (http://www.boernerbotanicalgardens.org/support/v6.html) in Whitnall Park along with the club house at the golf course. Another New Deal "Make Work" program, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) built the gardens. You probably have similar WPA projects in your community.)

http://www.boernerbotanicalgardens.org/support/v6e.jpg
The Boerner Botanical Gardens were built by
the CCC but the buildings were WPA projects.

http://bridgehunter.com/photos/11/34/113448-M.jpg
http://bridgehunter.com/photos/11/34/113452-M.jpg
Many bridges in Milwaukee County Parks were
built by the WPA.

...in 1974, Henry Aaron hit his 715th career home run to break the all time career record set by Babe Ruth. Aaron started his career in the old Negro Leagues and played minor league ball in Eau Claire, Wisconsin before being called up to the big club, the Milwaukee Braves, in 1954. (The Braves had moved to Milwaukee from Boston in 1953.) Aaron was a local hero to kids like your's truly. When the Braves were stolen by Atlanta interests, Aaron went to Atlanta. In 1975, he was traded to the Milwaukee Brewers where he finished his career playing in front of the fans who still loved him. He wound up with 755 career home runs and was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1982. He is still active in baseball as an executive with Atlanta.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c7/HankAaron1957.jpg/141px-HankAaron1957.jpg
Hank Aaron in 1957. Note the "M" on
his hat. The Braves broke my 13 year old
heart when they moved to Atlanta, taking
Hank Aaron with them.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[AudraKYPCLady]

I am new here. Could you briefly tell me what happened, I read the first 3 pages, but don't really want to read 275 pages. Is this lady still missing? It has been almost 2 years. I can't imagine what her family and friends are going through.

[scottcooks]

Welcome, Audra! Not that I am an expert by any means, but yes - she is still missing. There were some developments - also there was a news program that focused on her case [48 hours?], but leads are not bringing up anything to resolve her disappearance. Foul play is likely but we all just want to hear that she is safe back at home. The first 2 lines of each "update" fill you in...sadly, there have not been any new developments in months.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 63 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1865, the Civil War came to an end when Confederate General Robert E. Lee met Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia. Lee was dressed in his best uniform while Grant was dressed in his simple coat, muddy from his week-long pursuit of Lee's army. Lee had been attempting to outrun Grant along the Appomattox River while being shadowed by Union General Phillip Sheridan to the south. Lee was running out of supplies and Confederate soldiers began to desert on the retreat. When Lee arrived at Appomattox Court House, he was trapped. He sent a request to meet with Grant. The men met at 2:00 PM where they reminisced about their work together during the Mexican War, then got down to business. Grant offered generous terms, allowing officers to keep their side arms. He also allowed any officer or soldier to keep horses that they personally owned, in order to help put crops in the field. Lee said the terms would have "the best possible effect upon the men," and "will do much toward conciliating our people." It brought to an end one of the most tragic and bloodiest periods of American history, costing untold property damage but also costing over a million casualties as well as the lives of over 630,000 Americans, more than 350,000 Union soldiers and over a quarter million Confederate soldiers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Appomattox_courthouse.jpg/300px-Appomattox_courthouse.jpg
Appomattox Courthouse, April 1865.

...in 1905, the City of Duluth opened the first aerial car ferry across the ship canal that allowed ship entrance to the Duluth Harbor. It allowed citizen access to Point Park along Lake Avenue. The structure was a huge truss that carried a gondola over the channel. The gondola could carry 125,000 pounds which translated into a streetcar, two fully loaded farm wagons with teams and 350 people. The gondola was suspended about 12 feet above the water and made twelve trips per hour. In 1931, the structure was converted to a lift bridge that is still in operation today.

http://www.duluth.lib.mn.us/Images/Bridge/Gondola.jpg
The gondola could carry 125,000 pounds and made 12 one-minutes
trips per hour during prime hours.

http://www.duluth.lib.mn.us/Images/Bridge/Postcard.jpg
The truss and gondola approaching the north dock.

http://bridgehunter.com/photos/11/48/114815-M.jpg
Today, the truss carries a lift bridge that operates 5,500 times
per year, up to forty times a day in the summer.
(Photo by Historic American Engineering Record.)

...in 1959, NASA introduced the first of America's astronauts, Scott Carpenter, L. Gordon Cooper, John Glenn, Virgil "Gus" Grissom, Walter Schirra Jr., Alan Shepard Jr. and Donald "Deke" Slayton. The seven test pilots were winnowed out from a list of 32 volunteers to be the astronauts of Project Mercury, America's first forray into manned space travel. America was already behind in the "Space Race" with Russia, as the Soviet Union had launched the first artificial satellite, Sputnik in 1957. NASA began the search by reviewing the dossiers of 508 military test pilots, choosing 110 likely candidates. They were divided into three groups, the lower third was eliminated, leaving 64 potential astronauts. Six were found to have grown too tall since their previous exams. After a battery of written and physical tests, the group was narrowed to 31, and they were subjected to some incredible and grueling examinations, including time in a pressure tank and two hours in a chamber that was heated to 130º F. Of these, six were to be selected, but these seven stood out, so all seven were chosen. (The selection process was the basis of the 1983 film The Right Stuff.) Shepard was the first to fly, Grissom was second, Glenn was the first to orbit, Deke Slayton was grounded due to an irregular heartbeat and was replaced on the fourth mission by Scott Carpenter, Wally Shirra flew the fifth mission of 6 orbits, "Gordo" Cooper was the first American in space for over 24 hours and was the last to orbit the earth in a solo capsule.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Project_Mercury-Mercury_Seven-Astronauts.jpg/200px-Project_Mercury-Mercury_Seven-Astronauts.jpg
The Mercury Seven astronauts with a model of an Atlas rocket.
From left to right:
Grissom, Shepard, Carpenter, Schirra,
Slayton, Glenn, Cooper.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mercury_profile.jpg/500px-Mercury_profile.jpg
The manned Mercury launches, from left to right:
Shepard, Grissom, Glenn, Carpenter, Shirra, Cooper.
The first two launches were performed with the Redstone Rocket, a
refined German V-2 rocket (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index274.html#post634156) from World War II.

...in 1939, this date was Easter Sunday and more than 75,000 people crowded the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. to hear Marian Anderson give a free concert. The famed contralto was scheduled to sing at Washington's Constitution Hall, unfortunately, the hall was managed by the Daughters of the American Revolution and they denied her performance because she was African-American. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt immediately resigned her membership from the DAR in protest, followed by thousands of others. Anderson grew up in relative poverty in South Philadelphia but became a world-famous singer in the 1920s. She toured extensively in Europe, where renowned Italian conductor, Arturo Toscanini, told her "Yours is a voice such as one hear once in a hundred years." Recognition came much more slowly in her native America. Although her Lincoln Memorial concert educated Americans to the problem of racial discrimination, it didn't seem to help her personally. It was not until 1955 that she was invited to perform at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York. However, President Dwight Eisenhower made her an honorary delegate to the UN in 1958 and President John Kennedy presented her with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963. She died in 1993 at the age of 96. (Before she died, Ms. Anderson left her entire library to the University of Pennsylvania. If you have never heard her stunning voice, please log on the University of Pennsylvania website (http://www.library.upenn.edu/exhibits/rbm/anderson/) that is dedicated to preserving her legacy and listen to her incredibly clear a beautiful voice.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/MarianAndersonLincolnMemorial.png/300px-MarianAndersonLincolnMemorial.png
Marian Anderson performing at the
Lincoln Memorial in 1939.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Marian_Anderson.jpg/300px-Marian_Anderson.jpg
Marian Anderson ca. 1940
Photo by Carl Van Vechten.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

I am new here. Could you briefly tell me what happened, I read the first 3 pages, but don't really want to read 275 pages. Is this lady still missing? It has been almost 2 years. I can't imagine what her family and friends are going through.

Click on the link at the bottom of my sig line. It will take you to the blog area of a website called Help Find the Missing. You will find the story of Paige there and it should answer all your questions. If not, c'mon back here and ask.

:)

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 85 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1866, philanthropist and diplomat Henry Bergh founded the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. In 1863, President Lincoln appointed Bergh to the diplomatic corps to Czar Alexander II. In Russia, Bergh was horrified to see horses beaten by drivers. On his return home, he stopped in London to visit the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals which inspired him to create a chapter in Amereica. In 1866 in New York, he pleaded the case of the "mute servants of mankind" and said that protecting animals was an issue that crossed party lines. The New York legislature granted the charter of the ASPCA and nine days later, passed the first anti-cruelty law in the US. When he died in 1888, 37 of the 38 states had passed anti-cruelty laws. The ASPCA also inspired others to create similar organizations to protect children. In 1874, 9 year old Mary Ellen Wilson was found where she had been tied to a bed and brutally beaten by her step parents. Bergh, with Elbridge Gerry and John D. Wright founded the New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, with Bergh serving as one of the first officers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/HenryBerghCrypt.JPG/180px-HenryBerghCrypt.JPG
Henry Bergh's crypt in Brooklyn includes a bas-relief
statue that honors his work.

...in 1942, the Bataan Death March began. On December 8, 1941, the Japanese began their invasion of the Philippines. Within a month the capitol of Manila fell, the Filipino and American defenders of the islands were forced to retreat to the Bataan Peninsula. They managed to keep the Japanese at bay for three months, but on April 7, the 75,000 troops were surrounded and forced to surrender. They were force-marched to a prison at Camp O'Donnell, a distance of 85 miles. They were forced to make the march in 6 days with only one meager meal of rice. Weak prisoners who fell out of line were beaten or shot by Japanese guards, a rather merciful fate compared to the many beheadings, cut throats, bayonet stabbings, rapes, disembowelments, numerous rifle butt beatings and a deliberate refusal to allow the prisoners food or water while keeping them continually marching. Of the ones who survived the march, few survived the camp which was liberated by General Douglas MacArthur in 1945. Every April 9, Filipinos pay solemn homage to the victims of the death march on Bataan Day.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/March_of_Death_from_Bataan_to_the_prison_camp_-_Dead_soldiers.jpg/180px-March_of_Death_from_Bataan_to_the_prison_camp_-_Dead_soldiers.jpg
Dead soldiers on the march.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Death_March_Memorial.jpg/180px-Death_March_Memorial.jpg
The Battling Batards of Bataan Memorial
located at Camp O'Donnell, where the Bataan
Death March concluded and the survivors were
imprisoned.

...in 1944, Hank The Deuce was promoted to executive vice president of Ford Motor Company. Henry Ford II had been released from the US Navy to return to Ford Motor Company to take control after the death of his father, Edsel Bryant Ford. Henry II hated his grandfather for the years of mistreatment of Edsel, the only child of Henry and Clara Ford. Old Henry had two lieutenants, Harry Bennett and Charles "Cast Iron Charlie" Sorensen, who appeared (to the outside world) to be the heirs apparent to the throne. Harry Bennett was a thug who ran Ford's secret police, known as "The Service Department." He planned on becoming president of Ford Motor Company upon Henry's death. Sorensen didn't appear to have such ambitions and left the company after 40 years. (Sorensen received a great deal of media attention for the success of the Willow Run bomber plant (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index274.html#post634508) to the disapproval of Old Henry.) After the death of Edsel, Old Henry was probably too elderly and frail to run the company but still retook the presidency of the empire that bore his name. Harry Bennett was not the man the government wanted to deal with. The War Department insisted on Henry II being released from military duty to run the company, because Ford was a major defense contractor. In a classic power struggle that included Clara Ford threatening to sell her company stock, Henry II was promoted to president. His first order of business was to fire Harry Bennett and escort him from the premises. After the war, "HF2" hired a package of 10 management experts from the army that were first called "The Quiz Kids" for questioning everything. After they helped turn the company around, they became known as "The Whiz Kids" and most went on to bigger things. One of the Whiz Kids, Robert McNamara, would leave Ford Motor to become the Secretary of Defense in the Kennedy Administration.

http://www.fernhouse.com/pics/earlycars03.jpg
The Fords, Henry, Clara and Henry II with
Henry's first car, the 1896 Quadracycle.

...in 1933, President Roosevelt established another agency in his alphabet soup of agenices to make work and fight the Great Depression. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was established to give employment to unmarried young men between the ages of 18-26. Recruits had to be physically fit, healthy and ready to perform tough physical labor. Critics referred to the CCC as "Roosevelt's tree army" because part of the CCC charter was planting trees in the cutover areas left behind by logging of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In fact, when building his case, FDR said "the forests are the 'lungs' of our land [which] purify our air and give fresh strength to our people." (He was referring to the fact that trees turn carbon dioxide into oxygen, a fact that seems to have slipped past our modern politicians.) CCC enlistments lasted for six months and many reenlisted at the end of the period. Members were paid $30 per month, $25 of that was sent home. They lived in camps, complete with military style barracks. The CCC planted millions of trees, always in straight, uniform lines which can still be seen all over the northern states. They also built parks, wildlife refuges, camp facilities, bridges, fish hatcheries, reservoirs and other public facilities. Between 1933 and its end in 1942, the CCC employed over 3 million men.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/CCC_constructing_road.gif
CCC workers building a road, ca. 1933.

http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site234/2008/0413/20080413_124745_ccc-theater_200.jpg
CCC workers built the Sidney B. Cushing
Memorial Amphitheater, on Mt. Tamalpais, which
adjoins Muir Woods. Many of the facilities in Muir
Woods were also CCC projects.

http://www.boernerbotanicalgardens.org/support/v6b.jpg
CCC workers lived in army-style barracks. This was a CCC
camp at 606 acre farm in Hales Corners, Wisconsin. When the CCC
was done converting the land, it became Whitnall Park and the
Boerner Botanical Gardens.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 72 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1970, the third lunar landing mission departed Cape Canaveral, destined for the Fra Mauro highlands on the moon. The crew of Apollo 13 consisted of John L. Swigert, Fred W. "Freddo" Haise and was commanded by James A. Lovell. About 200,000 miles from home at 9:08 PM EST on April 13, the crew performed a routine maintenance task, a "stir" of the oxygen tanks. The tank exploded, expelling most of the flight's oxygen supply, prompting Lovell to radio back to earth, "Houston, we've had a problem here." The mission immediately changed from landing on the moon to just getting the flight home safely. With the mission on its way to the moon and no way to recall it, Mission Control decided the best option would be to let the mission continue to the moon. Like the first lunar missions, the flight would orbit the moon one time and use the moon's gravity to slingshot the the flight back toward the earth. With the oxygen badly depleted, Mission Control directed the crew to use the Lunar Landing Module, or LM which was pronounced as "Lem," as a lifeboat. The LM was designed to carry two astronauts to the moon's surface, support them for 45 hours and return to the command module. The LM would have to support three men for more than 90 hours and navigate the flight around the moon and back home. The LM had no navigation tools or computer, so all course corrections had to be worked out by hand and by dead reconing. Once the flight rounded the moon, a five minute burn of the LM's landing rocket was required to propel the flight home. Just before 1 PM on April 17, the Apollo 13's capsule re-entered the earth's atmosphere and a few minutes later, splashed down in the Pacific Ocean. A 1974 made-for-TV movie Houston, We've Got a Problem revolved around the flight was not really about the flight, but Jim Lovell wrote a book about the ordeal entitled Lost Moon. The book was the basis of the 1995 Ron Howard film, Apollo 13. (Both films, like the rest of the world, misquoted im Lovell's report of "Houston, we've had a problem here."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Apollo13_-_SM_after_separation.jpg/180px-Apollo13_-_SM_after_separation.jpg
The Apollo 13 Service Module, showing the damage caused
by the explosion. The module later burned up on re-entry and the
remains sunk into the Tonga Trench.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Apollo_13_crew_postmission_onboard_USS_Iwo_Jima.jp g/250px-Apollo_13_crew_postmission_onboard_USS_Iwo_Jima.jp g
The crew ofApollo 13 safely about the USS Iwo Jima.

...in 1870, in an event eerily like current events, Lord Muncaster or Britain was kidnapped by Greek pirates while he was visiting Marathon, Greece. The pirates had been using kidnapping as a method of income for some time and demaned £50,000 for the release of their captives. A confrontation between the Greek army and the pirates resulted in the deaths of almost everyone, including Lord Muncaster, the only escapee was the pirate captain. England threatened war over the incident, but Russian intervention kept the peace. The Greeks cracked down on piracy and while kidnappings dropped off, international tension still ran high. The pirate captain was shot and killed two years later. (As of this writing, Somalian pirates have taken an American-flagged freighter. The crew retook the ship, but the pirates are in a lifeboat but took the captain of the ship as a hostage. It is the first American ship to be taken by pirates since the Tripopolitan War.)

...in 1945, the Buchenwald concentration camp near Weimar, Germany, was liberated by the American Third Army. Buchenwald was determined to be second only to Auschwitz in terms of horror and mistreatment of human beings. Many of the prisoners were slave labor at local munitions plants, they were political or religious prisoners, communists, Russians, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, POWs and there were doctors, writers, artists and several members of royal families, As the American army moved closer, the Gestapo phoned the offices of Buchenwald, telling them to blow up everything at the camp, facilities, prisoners, all of it, to prevent any incriminating evidence to fall into the hands of the Americans. The officers of the camp had long since abandoned the camp and a prisoner answered the phone. He told the Gestapo that everything had already been blown up. Buchenwald did not have any facilities of death, as Auschwitz did, there were no gas chambers or crematoriums. However, thousands of inmates died over the years, from disease, malnutrition, beatings and executions. In addition, Buchenwald was the site of numerous "medical experiments" where inmates were injected with various infections and vaccines. Ilse Koch was the wife of the camp's commandant and she had a particularly gruesome disposition. Koch carried a riding crop with which to beat prisoners and forced prisoners to rape one another for her entertainment. It is rumored that she also had a collection of lampshades, book covers and gloves made from the tanned skins of prisoners but that has not been verified.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ilse_Koch.jpg/135px-Ilse_Koch.jpg
Ilse Koch, "The Witch of Buchewald" but also
known by a similar name that rhymes.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Buchenwald_Slave_Laborers_Liberation.jpg/180px-Buchenwald_Slave_Laborers_Liberation.jpg
Prisoners in Buchenwald, April 1945

...in 1888, on her 22nd birthday, Clara Bryant married Henry Ford in Greenfield, Michigan. Henry always called her "The Great Believer" because she supported him in all his endeavors, public and private. At the time of their marriage, Henry lived on an 80 acre farm that belonged to his father, but farming was not for him. He had worked for George Westinghouse as a repairman where he first encountered a self-propelled vehicle, a giant steam tractor. After his marriage, he took a job with the Edison Illuminating Company in Detroit and began his rise through the engineering world. Clara kept house and put up with his experiments, even helping him run his first internal combustion engine on her kitchen sink. She gave birth to their only child, Edsel Bryant Ford, on November 6, 1893. (He was named after Henry's boyhood friend, Edsel Ruddiman.) Clara did stand up to him when she saw the necessity, including during WWII after the death of Edsel. Henry wanted to make Harry Bennett the president of Ford Motor Company. Clara put her foot down, said no, and threatened to sell her stock in Ford Motor Co. if Bennett became president. Ford capitulated and his grandson, Henry Ford II was made president. In 1914, Henry bought 2,000 acres on the River Rouge in Dearborn and built a mansion, called Fair Lane, where the couple lived the rest of their lives. Henry passed away at Fair Lane in 1947, ironically, during a flood of the River Rouge, shutting down the power plant. Henry left the world the way he entered it, in a room lit by candles and lamps. Clara survived him for three years, passing away in 1950.

http://www.hfmgv.org/exhibits/hf/clara.jpg
Clara and Edsel Ford, 1894 (Photo P.O.801 from
the collection of The Henry Ford.)

http://www.findagrave.com/photos250/photos/2007/132/8513421_117910823385.jpg
Clara Bryant Ford (1866-1950)

http://www.henryfordestate.org/filesfairlanestory/airbig.jpg
Fair Lane on the River Rouge, now the Dearborn
Campus of the University of Michigan.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

A Blessed and Happy Easter to my fellow Cheffers, as well as my warmest Passover greetings to those Cheffers of the Jewish faith. To the rest of you, have a nice day! There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 88 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1945, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt passed from a cerebral hemorrhage at his home in Warm Springs, Georgia. He was the only man to be elected to the presidency four times and was the inspiration for the 22nd amendment that prevents a president from serving more than two terms. FDR had been elected to replace Herbert Hoover, on whom the great depression was blamed. Hoover just had the bad luck of being in office when the market crashed in 1929 but popular perception was that the depression was his fault. FDR promised to end the Great Depression, a promise he was unable to keep in two terms, but he was elected to a third term, anyway. He is remembered by fans and foes alike for his alphabet soup of agencies that were supposed to bring prosperity. His campaign for a third term promised American neutrality in the world war. When Great Britain was on the ropes against Germany, FDR convinced Congress to pass the Lend-Lease Act, providing much needed aid. The United States entered the war, anyway, after Japanese forces attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. FDR did prove to be a formidable war leader. FDR's demand for unconditional surrender of the Axis Powers remains controversial, critics say it prolonged the war although other historians believe it was the only way to successfully crush the Nazi movement, and that Japan would have fought to the end regardless of any other terms of surrender.

On the 22nd Amendment, George Washington served only two terms and until Roosevelt, the two-term limit was observed as an unwritten convention. Thomas Jefferson wrote, "If some termination to the services of the chief Magistrate be not fixed by the Constitution, or supplied by practice, his office, nominally four years, will in fact become for life." Ulysses S. Grant ran for a third term but barely lost his party's nomination. Critics of the amendment say it makes a second term president a lame duck, first noted by President Dwight Eisenhower. However, proponents say it does prevent a president from abusing power and becoming president for life.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/FDR_memorial.jpg/250px-FDR_memorial.jpg
The FDR Memorial depicts the president with his
loyal companion, a Scottish Terrier named Fala.

...in 1961, the first man reached space, but it wasn't an American, it was Soviet Cosmonaut Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin who also orbited the earth during this, the first manned space flight. The successful flight was a punch in the eye for the United States, a manned Mercury flight was planned for May but an orbital flight eldued NASA until February 1969. The Soviet propoganda machine made hay with the space race, claiming socialist supremacy over capitalism. The secret behind the Soviet success was actually one man, Sergei Pavlovich Korolev. He was unknown to the western world until his death in 1966. Korolev was part of the team that launched the first Soviet liquid fueled rocket in 1933. In Stalin's purge of 1938, Korolev's sponsor was lost and Korolov fell under suspicion. He was convicted of sabotage and sentenced to 10 years. The Russians became concerned about German advances in rocketry and built a lab in the gulag, ordering Korolov to continue his research. After the war, he was sent to Germany to learn about the V-2 rocket. By the time he got there, the Americans had captured Wernher von Braun and most of his staff, along with most of the components. Korolov did find a fair amount of V-2 technology and by 1954, Korolov had built an ICBM capable of delivering a five-ton warhead to the United States. Korolov was still technically a prisoner, but his numerous space firsts allowed him to be officially listed as "rehabilitated." Korolov had many firsts - first animal in orbit, first man in space, first man in orbit, first woman in space, first space walk, first impact on the moon, first pictures of the dark side of the moon, first soft landing on the moon, all these while being referred to only as "The Chief Designer." After his unexpected death, he was buried in the Kremlin wall, a hero of the Soviet Union. Yuri Gagarin continued his work but was killed in a jet-aircraft test flight in 1968. He is also buried in the Kremlin wall.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/Korolev_Kurchatov_Keldysh.jpg/300px-Korolev_Kurchatov_Keldysh.jpg
Chief Designer Sergei Korolev (left) with
Mstisla Keldysh and Igro Kurchatov in 1956.
The three men put the Soviet Union into space,
ahead of the United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Gagarin_space_suite.jpg/140px-Gagarin_space_suite.jpg
Yuri Gagarin, the first man into space.

...in 1922, Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle was found not guilty for the death of starlet Virginia Rapp. She had died at a rather wild party in San Francisco and Arbuckle, one of the most successful comics and directors of the time, was implicated in her death. He was tried and convicted in the press, and even though he was acquitted on this date, his reputation was ruined. He did try directing under an assumed name in the 1920s but the magic was gone.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f4/Arbuckle.jpg/180px-Arbuckle.jpg
Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle (1887-1933)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/KeystoneKops.jpg
The Keystone Cops were extremely popular. On the far right is Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle.

...in 1861, Confederate General P.G.T. Beauregard opened fire on Fort Sumter, a Union-held on Charleston Bay in South Carolina. After 34 hours, Union Major Robert Anderson surrendered the fort and the Civil War had begun. Two days later, President Abraham Lincoln called for 75,000 troops to quell the southern insurrection. When it was over four years later, 620,000 lives had been lost.

...in 1633, Father Vincenzo Maculano da Firenzuola, appointed by Pope Urban VIII, began the inquisition of physicist and astronomer Galileo Galilei with the intent of finding him guilty of heresy. Galileo held the belief of the Copernican view of the universe, that is, the earth orbited the sun. The Catholic Church held the "geocentric" view that the earth is the center of the universe and the sun revolves around the earth. In 1616, Galileo had been in trouble with the Church over the same topic and was forbidden from teaching his beliefs. He denied holding the belief but continued to write about it as a "discussion." In 1633, his argument didn't work. On June 22, 1633, he was convicted and sentenced to house arrest. Over 300 years later, the Catholic Church finally admitted it was wrong and cleared Galileo of heresy.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Galileo_facing_the_Roman_Inquisition.jpg
The painting Galileo facing the Roman Inquisition by Cristiano Banti, 1857.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 117 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1970, as we reported two days ago, Apollo 13 was on its way to the moon when, on this date, an explosion in an oxygen tank that was part of the Service Module exploded. Commander Jim Lovell called mission control to report, "Houston, we've had a problem here." The ordeal inspired Jim Lovell to write a book about it entitled Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo 13 that was the basis of the Ron Howard film Apollo 13. (The Kat Lady has autographed copies of Lost Moon and Failure Is Not An Option.)

http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41H5P9JVY7L._SL500_AA240_.jpg
The book has since been
renamedApollo 13.

http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/5132G2R8X2L._BO2,204,203,200_PIsitb-sticker-arrow-click,TopRight,35,-76_AA240_SH20_OU01_.jpg
Gene Kranz, the leader of the Tiger
Team that saved the Apollo 13 mission,
wrote his memoirs of his life in
NASA Mission Control.

...in 1861, Fort Sumpter surrendered, completing the first battle of the Civil War and ending in a Confederate victory. Fort Sumpter was actually incomplete, and when South Carolina seceded in December 1860, the fort was suddenly in peril. President Lincoln sent word in April that he was sending supplies to the fort. The Confederates took action and opened fire. Inside the fort was Major Robert Anderson along with 9 officers, 68 enlisted men, 8 musicians and 43 construction workers. One of the officers was Captain Abner Doubleday, the legendary (if not actual) inventor of baseball. Even though the Confederates launched 4,000 rounds into the fort, the only casaulty of the battle was a Confederate horse. After surrendering, Major Anderson and his force were allowed to return north. The Confederates gave them a 100 gun salute - but one Confederate soldier was killed and another mortally wounded when a shell exploded prematurely. The Civil War had officially begun.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Bombardment_of_Fort_Sumter%2C_1861.png/300px-Bombardment_of_Fort_Sumter%2C_1861.png
Bombardment of Fort Sumter(1861) by George Edward Perine (1837-1885).

...in 1866, in Beaver, Utah Territory, Robert Leroy Parker was born. He was the son of Mormons who had moved to Utah with Bringham Young. He was the first of 13 children. When he was 13, he met a local ruffian named Mike Cassidy, who taught Parker how to shoot and outfitted him with a gun and a saddle. He was forced to leave the community under a cloud of suspicion for rustling. He kicked around the west for a few years, using the name Roy Parker, but in June of 1889, he robbed a bank in Teluride, Colorado. He started to call him self George Cassidy, probably for his mentor. Laying low, he worked as a butcher in Rock Springs, Wyoming, earning the nickname that would make him famous, Butch. In 1894, he was arrested as a horse thief and did two years in the Wyoming Territorial Prison. When he got out, he formed a gang called The Wild Bunch, later they were also known as the Train Robbers Syndicate for the systematic method of robbing trains. Butch Cassidy had a well known gang, the most notorious was Harry Longbaugh, better known as The Sundance Kid. As the 19th Century was winding down, the wild west was getting tamed, open lands were being fenced and a more efficient law enforcement network was coming into play. In 1901, Butch Cassidy, Etta Place and The Sundance Kid fled the United States for South America, living a legal life as ranchers in Argentina. When they learned that law enforcement had tracked them down, they headed for Bolivia and Place returned to the United States. Reportedly, Bolivian soldiers shot and killed them, but that has never been verified. Family members claim that Butch and Sundance returned to the United States, living well into retirement in annonymity in Nebraska. There is some circumstancial evidence that The Sundance Kid died in 1937, Butch sometime later.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Butchcassidy.jpg/250px-Butchcassidy.jpg
Robert LeRoy Parker,
aka Butch Cassidy

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0f/EttaPlace.jpg/260px-EttaPlace.jpg
Henry Longabaugh and Etta
Place, just before departing for
South America.

...in 1997, Tiger Woods won the Masters, the most prestigious of the major golf tournaments. Woods was the first person of color to ever win the Masters. The tournament is always held at the Augusta National Golf Club, which admitted its first black member in 1990. Eldrick Woods was born in 1975, a golf prodigy who was swinging clubs at 2 and won three US Junior Amateurs and three US Amateur tournaments before playing golf for Stanford. He turned pro in August 1996, playing in his first PGA tournament at the Brown Deer Park golf course in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Woods also won the Masters in 2001, 2002 and 2005. In 2006, Tiger Woods was the highest paid athlete in all professional sports.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tiger_Woods_US.jpg/180px-Tiger_Woods_US.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Tiger_Woods_2007.jpg/200px-Tiger_Woods_2007.jpg
Eldrick "Tiger" Woods

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 94 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1865, Abraham Lincoln attended a performance of Our American Cousin at Ford's Theater when an actor from the play shot and killed the President. The assassination came just two days after Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered his forces at Appomattox Court House, effectively ending the Civil War. John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate sympathizer and the source of the phrase, "bad actor," heard that the president would be at the performance, and he launched a plot that would murder Lincoln, Vice President Andrew Johnson and Secretary of State William H. Seward at the same time. By eliminating the President and the top two in line for ascension to the presidency, Booth hoped to throw the US government into total disarray. At the same time Booth was acting out his leg of the plan, Lewis T. Powell burst into Seward's home where he wounded Seward and three others. George A. Atzerod was assigned to murder Vice President Johnson but he chickened out and fled. Booth entered the President's box, shot him in the back of the head, and slashed an army officer who rushed him. Booth jumped to the stage while shouting "Sic semper tyrannis! [Thus always to tyrants] The South is avenged!" He broke his leg during the jump but he still managed to flee Washington. Meanwhile, the mortally wounded president was taken to a rooming house across the street where he died at 7:22 AM the next morning. Booth fled across country with the army and secret service in hot pursuit. Booth's leg was treated by Dr. Samuel Mudd, then was later cornered in a barn and alledgedy died of a self inflicted gunshot wound as the barn burned. Eight other conspirators were charged and tried, four (including Dr. Mudd) were jailed and four were hung.

(There is some compelling evidence that Booth was a member of the Knights of the Golden Circle (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index274.html#post636549) and that he actually ecaped and lived out his life in the south in annonymity, using the pseudonym John St. Helen. John St. Helen died in Enid, Oklahoma in 1903. Dr. Mudd did not give rise to the phrase "Your name will be Mudd" (it was in use at least 10 years before he was born) but certainly increased its usage. Dr. Mudd's descendants continue to claim his innocence and plead for a presidential pardon.

Lincoln, meanwhile, continued to be a hero and martyr for decades. He is the namesake of countless cities, streets, bridges, memorials, a brand of automobile and of the first paved coast-to-coast highway in America. For many decades, all clocks for sale in the United States, if not running, were displayed at the time of 7:22.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.j pg/225px-Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.j pg
Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the United States

http://www.lincolnhighwayassoc.org/info/wy/thumbnails/lincoln_monument.jpg
The Lincoln Monument near Laramie, Wyoming.
The monument is in a rest area on I-80, relocated from
a point 200 feet higher than the rest area, on the original
route of the Lincoln Highway (http://www.lincolnhighwayassoc.org/info/wy/). Photo by Christopher Plummer.
(The rest area is the highest point on I-80.)

...in 1986, the United States launched air strikes against Muammar al-Qaddafi's Libya in retaliation for Libyan sponsorship of terrorism against American citizens and troops. More than 100 Air Force and Navy aircraft leveled five military targets and terrorism centers. In the 70s and 80s, the Libyan government had sponsored anti-U.S. and anti-British terrorist groups including Palestinian guerrillas, Filipino Muslims, even the Irish Republican Army and the Black Panthers. The US imposed sanctions against Libya in response, and in 1981, Libya fired at US aircraft in the Gulf of Sidra. Later that year, planned attacks against America were uncovered and stopped, including bombings and assassinations of American officials and diplomats. In December, 1985, five Americans were killed in attacks in Rome and Vienna. On March 24, 1986, Libyan and American forces skirmished again in the Gulf of Sidra, sending four Libyan attack boats to the bottom. On April 5, terrorists at the direction of Qadaffi bombed a West Berlin discoteque, known to be frequented by American servicemen, one American man and a Turkish woman died, more than 200 were injured. On this date, the Americans struck with an awesome stroke in Tripoli and Banghazi. Before the attack was completed, President Ronald Reagan went on television to announce the operation. "When our citizens are abused or attacked anywhere in the world," he said, "we will respond in self-defense. Today we have done what we had to do. If necessary, we shall do it again."

Not a peep was heard out of Libya or Qadaffi, until two Libyan nationals brought down a Pan Am 747 over Lockerbie, Scotland in 1988. The suspects were known and charged but Libya refused to extradite them for trial. FInally, in 1999, to ease tensions, Qadaffi turned them over. In addition, he was one of the first Muslim leaders to condemn al-Qaida after 9/11. British Prime Minister Tony Blair visited Libya in 2004 and praised Libya for being a strong ally in the International War on Terror. Oops. The Overseas Contingency Operation. :rolleyes:

...in 1956, the first video tape recorder, the Ampex VR-1000, capable of recording both images and sound, was demonstrated by the inventors, Ray Dolby, Fred Pfost, Shelby Henderson, Alex Maxy, Charles Ginsberg and Charles Anderson. CBS made the first purchase of three systems at $75,000.00 each. (What did you pay for your last video camera?)

http://www.oldradio.com/archives/hardware/TV/Ampex/Ampex-VR1000.jpg
This VR-1000 was used to record the Jackie Gleason show until it
fell off a barge and sank to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean.

...in 1894, speaking of moving images, Thomas Edison's Kinetoscope was first seen at an arcade in New York City. Edison's Kinetoscope used celluloid film, a development of George Eastman in 1889 although it was based on concepts set forth by Joseph Niepce and Louis Daguerre of France. Edison built a studio in 1893 to make movies, the first featured three Edison workers acting as blacksmiths. The Kinetoscope could only be viewed by one person at a time, inspiring Louis and August Lumiere to invent the Cinematographe, a camera and projector system not unlike the system still used today.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Kinetophonebis1.jpg/275px-Kinetophonebis1.jpg
This Kinetoscope included sound from an
Edison cylinder inside the unit.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4d/ButterflyDance.jpg/225px-ButterflyDance.jpg
This 35mm filmstrip entitled
Butterfly Dance with Annabelle Whitford Moore
became the film standard for the motion
picture industry.

...in 1912, just a few minutes before midnight, the RMS Titanic struck an iceberg in the North Atlantic Ocean. The hull was ruptured and she began to sink. The Titanic had departed Southampton, England on its maiden voyage, bound for New York, just four days earlier. She was designed by William Pirrie, 883 feet long and with 16 water-tight compartments, the Titanic was thought to be unsinkable. The Titanic had two sister ships, the RMS Olympic and RMS Britanic. The RMS Britanic was converted to a WWI hospital ship and sank in 1916 after hitting a mine. The RMS Olympic served until 1935 and earned the name "Old Reliable." The RMS Olympic was scrapped in 1936.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/26/Titanic_southhampton.jpg/300px-Titanic_southhampton.jpg
The RMS Titanic in Southampton, England just before her ill-fated
departure for New York. The photo was taken on Good Friday, April 5, 1912.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Happy (or not so happy) tax due day! There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 88 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1865, at 7:22 AM, President Abraham Lincoln passed away from a gunshot wound inflicted by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theater the previous evening. See yesterday's update thread for more of the story.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/The_Assassination_of_President_Lincoln_-_Currier_and_Ives_2.png/280px-The_Assassination_of_President_Lincoln_-_Currier_and_Ives_2.png
A sketch by Currier & Ives Assassination of Abraham Lincoln.
From left to right: Major Henry Rathbone, Clara Harris, Mary Todd Lincoln,
Abraham Lincoln, and John Wilkes Booth.

...in 1927, Douglas Fairbanks and America's Sweetheart, Mary Pickford became the first celebrities to be preserved in concrete at Grauman's Chinese Theater. The landmark was still under construction at the time. Sid Grauman was one of the partners and accidentally stepped in wet cement. He immediately called over to Mary Pickford, another partner in the theater, to come and step in the concrete and leave her footprints and hand prints. She, in turn, called over her husband, Douglas Fairbanks, to do the same and a tradition was started that continues to this day.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Grauman%27s_Chinese_Theatre%2C_by_Carol_Highsmith_ fixed_%26_straightened.jpg/275px-Grauman%27s_Chinese_Theatre%2C_by_Carol_Highsmith_ fixed_%26_straightened.jpg
Grauman's Chinese Theater

...in 1912, the RMS Titanic sank into the North Atlantic Ocean after hitting an iceberg just before midnight on the 14th. There were not enough lifeboats to accommodate everyone on board. Of the 2,223 passengers and crew on board the ship, only 706 survived. More Americans survived than English, it is theorized that the British were too polite to push themselves aboard a lifeboat. After the sinking, maritime laws changed regarding lifeboat quantities and capacities. The RMS Titanic was located in 1985 and has been visited numerous times. Over 5,000 artifacts have been removed from the remains of the vessel and great controversy still swirls around the propriety of removing any item from the ship.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Reuterdahl_-_Sinking_of_the_Titanic.jpg/756px-Reuterdahl_-_Sinking_of_the_Titanic.jpg
A drawing by Henry Reuterdahl of the disaster, as described by radio reports.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Titanic-bow_seen_from_MIR_I_submersible.jpeg/180px-Titanic-bow_seen_from_MIR_I_submersible.jpeg
The bow of the RMS Titanic on the ocean floor.

...in 1912, Aboard the Titanic was a Denver socialite, philanthropist and activist named Margaret Tobin Brown. Margaret Tobin was born into poverty in Hannibal, Missouri in 1867. As a teenager, she went to Leadville, Colorado to join her brother who was working in a silver mine. She met James J. Brown, the manager of the mine and married him in 1886. Brown stumbled into a huge gold deposit and the couple became incredibly wealthy overnight. They moved to Denver, bought a huge mansion and they tried to ingratiate themselves with the Denver society. The Denver bluebloods did not care much for Maggie, apparently too much for them to handle. She must have been too much for Brown, too, for the couple separated. "Molly" went east, still bolstered by her great wealth and became the darling of eastern society. The Vanderbilts and Astors loved her frankness and refreshing stories of the wild west. In 1912, she was catapulted to the international stage when she was tossed into a lifeboat after the Titanic struck an iceberg. She maintained the morale of the survivors in the lifeboat by telling stories of the west. The press dubbed her "The Unsinkable Mrs. Brown." Eventually, her money ran out and she died in New York of a brain tumor in 1932. The 1960 musical The Unsinkable Molly Brown reintroduced her and immortalized the unique character that was Molly Brown.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Molly_brown_rescue_award_titanic.jpg/225px-Molly_brown_rescue_award_titanic.jpg
Margaret Brown presents an award to
Arthur Henry Rostron for his service in the
rescue of Titanic's surviving passengers.

...in 1924, the first Rand-McNally road atlas was released. They had been printing road maps since 1904 but this was the first time a comprehensive atlas had been printed specifically for automobiles. William Rand opened a print shop in Chicago in 1856 and an Irish immigrant, Andrew McNally went to work in the shop. They did a great deal of business with the Chicago Tribune and in 1868, the two incorporated and bought out the entire Tribune printing operation. Legend has it that during the Chicago Fire of 1871, Rand McNally buried two presses in the sand of the Lake Michigan beach and were back up and running right after the fire. The company printed rail schedules and began including a map in the late 19th century. So well known and ubiquitous in the map industry, they have been the target of jokes from the Simpsons to Bing Crosby who boasted that he knew a fishing spot so secret that Rand never told McNally where it was. The company is still located in Skokie, Illinois and remains the largest producer of maps. (It is said that Rand McNally influenced the development of today's familiar system of numbered highways but it might be that numbered highways drove Rand McNally. The first numbered highways in the world were put into place in May 1918 in the state of Wisconsin.) You can plan out your road trip on the Rand McNally website (http://www.randmcnally.com/rmc/directions/dirGetMapInput.jsp).

http://usm.maine.edu/maps/exhibit9/images/97.jpg

...in 1947, Jackie Robinson became the first African-American to play Major League baseball in the modern era. Jackie Robinson had been an outstanding football and baseball player in college and played for the Kansas City Monarchs, the most successful of the old Negro League teams. Branch Rickey of the Brooklyn Dodgers had been scouting Robinson and in August of 1945, Rickey asked Robinson if he could face the racial tensions without taking the bait and reacting angrily. Robinson was aghast: "Are you looking for a Negro who is afraid to fight back?" Rickey replied that he needed a Negro player "with guts enough not to fight back." Robinson played with the AAA affiliate of the Dodgers, the Montreal Royals, in 1946. The season was successful for the second baseman, although fatiguing for the racial animosity he faced everywhere he went. He was called up to the Dodgers for the 1947 season and broke the color barrier before 26,623 fans at Ebbets Field, of which at least 14,000 were black. There was a great deal of racism, the media questioned whether or not Robinson should be allowed to play and even his teammates mumbled about him being on the team. Manager Leo Durocher told the team, "I do not care if the guy is yellow or black, or if he has stripes like a [expletive] zebra. I'm the manager of this team, and I say he plays. What's more, I say he can make us all rich. And if any of you cannot use the money, I will see that you are all traded." Despite the turmoil he faced all season, Robinson had a stellar season and was the 1948 Rookie of the Year.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Jrobinson.jpg/200px-Jrobinson.jpg
Jackie Robinson

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There was a slight problem connecting to the CS server overnight, so we're a little late today. There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 94 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1935, one of the most beloved and longest-running radio comedies of all time premiered. Fibber McGee & Molly grew out of a previous radio show called Smackout but it was McGee that everyone remembers. Fibber McGee was an incessant windbag known for his tall tales. His long-suffering spouse, Molly, usually saved the day and bailed McGee out of whatever trouble he was in. McGee was played by Jim Jordan and Molly by Marian Jordan, Jim's wife in real life. The successful formula was ground breaking at the time and has been reproduced by most successful comedies ever since. Recurring gags, repeating characters and familiar catchphrases made the show a success. Most famous were Molly's response to any of Fibber's bad jokes with the line, "T'aint funny, McGee!" and the most enduring gag of all time was McGee's hall closet that, when opened, followed with an avalanche of sound effect items, the last one always being a crystal clear bell. McGee's next line was always, "I gotta get that closet cleaned out one of these days." To this day, "McGee's closet" is in the vernacular to describe clutter. Two shows spun off from Fibber McGee & Molly, their maid, Beulah made it to both radio and television but the best known spin-off was that of their neighbor, Throckmorton P. Gildersleeve who became The Great Gildersleeve. You can hear episodes of Fibber McGee & Molly on the Old Time Radio (http://www.otr.net/?p=fibb) website.

...in 1908, Edward Murphy, the owner and designer of the Pontiac Buggy Company, produced his first automobile that was sold to a private owner. Murphy called his automobile the Oakland. Murphy had also asked for Alanson Brush, the designer of the Brush Runabout, to join him in the automobile venture. Oakland operated for about a year when Murphy unexpectedly died. Oakland was aquired by Billy Durant to be another marque for General Motors and Alanson Brush left to start the Brush Motor Company. The acquisition by Durant was questioned by many, as Oakland was not a particularly attractive or successful venture. The purchase of Oakland might have been the start of Durant being forced out of GM, the company he had founded. (He would later regain control of GM.) Years later, GM would start a "companion car" for each line of cars. Cadiallac had LaSalle, Buick had Marquette, Oldsmobile had Viking and Oakland had Pontiac. When the companion car program was discontinued in 1931, LaSalle, Marquette and Viking went away. Pontiac stayed and Oakland went away.

...in 1943, a Swiss chemist working for the Sandoz pharmaceutical research lab in Basel, Switzerland, accidentally comsumed a dose of LSD-25. Albert Hoffman had created the drug in 1938 while researching lysergic acid compounds for potential use in medicine. Dr. Hoffman was disturbed by hallucinations, of which he took notes. If that wasn't enough, he took it again to confirm that LSD was what had caused his hallucinations. He published a report of his discovery, forever placing LSD into the world. It did not receive any widespread use until the 1960s when counter-culture figures like Timothy Leary and Albert M. Hubbard began promoting the benefits of using LSD as a recreational drug. The manufacture, sale, possession and use of LSD has been illegal in the United States since 1965.

...in 1926, the first Book-of-the-Month Club selection was shipped to the 5,000 members who had joined the club. The first book was Lolly Willows, or, The Loving Huntsman by Sylvia Townsend Warner. No, I never heard of her, either, but she even has her own website (http://www.townsendwarner.com/).

http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51XY5R888BL._BO2,204,203,200_PIsitb-sticker-arrow-click,TopRight,35,-76_AA240_SH20_OU01_.jpg

...in 1947, Bernard Baruch, a multimillionaire and finacier, gave a speech in the South Carolina House of Representatives where he coined the term "Cold War." The speech was given during the unveiling of his portrait. Baruch had been advising Democrat presidents since Woodrow Wilson on economics and foreighn policy. He was part of the advisory team at the Paris Peace Conference that ended World War I, he continued to advise FDR and Harry Truman after that. Most expected him to make a few remarks at the unveiling but he went into an attack on industrial labor. He called for longer work weeks, no strikes and for management to promise no layoffs. In what could be termed a very prophetic speech, he said, "Let us not be deceived-we are today in the midst of a cold war. Our enemies are to be found abroad and at home. Let us never forget this: Our unrest is the heart of their success. The peace of the world is the hope and the goal of our political system; it is the despair and defeat of those who stand against us. We can depend only on ourselves."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Bernardbaruch.jpg/180px-Bernardbaruch.jpg
Bernard Baruch (1870-1965)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 94 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1964, the New York World's Fair opened in Flushing, Queens, but the star of the show was the revolutionary new Ford Mustang. The small, sporty automobile was so popular that it spawned an entirely new category known as the Pony Car. The Mustang was basically a Falcon platform with exciting new sheet metal and interior trim featuring the "European" styling of a long nose and short deck - first appearing in America in the Lincoln Continental in 1941. To the day, in 1965, Ford introduced the GT Equipment Group as an option to the Mustang. GM, Chrysler and American Motors were caught unaware and had to scramble to come up with competitve products.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/1964-mustang-rc.jpg
1964 Ford Mustang

...in 1970, with the whole world watching, Apollo 13 returned safely to earth after a harrowing journey to the moon and back. On April 13, two days into the mission, an oxygen tank exploded on the service module, crippling the ship and nearly marooning the crew in space. Tiger Team leader, Gene Kranz, lived by the motto, "Failure is not an option" and led the ground control effort to find a way to bring the crippled vehicle home and land the crew safely. The effort culminated in the safe landing of the command module on this date in 1970.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Apollo_13_crew_postmission_onboard_USS_Iwo_Jima.jp g/250px-Apollo_13_crew_postmission_onboard_USS_Iwo_Jima.jp g
The Apollo 13 crew on board the
USS Iwo Jima following the
successful splashdown.

...in 1790, statesman, printer, author and scientist, Benjamin Franklin, passed away in Philadelphia. He was 84. He became a printer's apprentice at the age of 12. He wrote and published Poor Richard's Almanac quoting Richard with such things as "God helps those who help themselves," or "Plow deep while sluggards sleep." He helped Philadelphia establish a lending library, fire company, police force and a school that would become the University of Pennsylvania. He was also the postmaster, and is probably best remembered for his discovery that lightning is electricity by flying a kite in a lightning storm. He also invented the Franklin Stove, still manufactured today. He also invented the lightning rod and discussed electricity in his papers. He coined the terms of positive and negative poles, conductor and battery, all listed in his papers. He was also active in politics, served in the Continental Congress, was part of Jefferson's declaration committee, and was one of the diplomats who negotiated the peace with Britain after the Revolutionary War. Franklin was an incredible individual, forever immortalized on the $100 bill - one of three men on American paper currency who were never president.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Benjamin_Franklin_by_Joseph_Siffred_Duplessis.jpg/200px-Benjamin_Franklin_by_Joseph_Siffred_Duplessis.jpg
Benjamin Franklin
by Joseph Siffred Duplessis.

...in 1961, President John F. Kennedy learned that the failed coup of against Cuban leader, Fidel Castro, was a dismal failure. It was the worst foreign policy decision of the Kennedy Administration. JFK inherited the Cuban mess from the Eisenhower Administration when he took office in 1961. Eisenhower had approved, but not carried out, a covert operation to overthrow Castro. The plan called for 1,200 CIA-trained Cuban exhiles to land on the southern coast of Cuba at a location called the Bay of Pigs. The plan relied on Cuban people to rise up to join the invaders and overthrow the Cuban dictator. Anything that could go wrong went wrong. At the last minute, Kennedy pulled out American military support, especially air support. The invasion failed, the Cuban people did not rise up and Castro's forces captured the invaders. Many were executed and the rest were ransomed. The CIA blamed Kennedy for the failure, Kennedy blamed the CIA. Years later, Robert Kennedy said that of all the things that bothered JFK before he died, the Bay of Pigs fiasco weighed the heaviest.

...in 1937, a future Warner Brothers star made his film debut in Porky's Duck Hunt. Daffy Duck became one of the most popular 'toons (he's #14 on the list of top 50 cartoon characters) of all times. He is known for being the king of frustration and the phrase, “Of course, you realize, this means war.” But his signature phrase, drawn out to a ludicrous length, is "You're dethpicable."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/43/Mobydaffyduck.jpg/300px-Mobydaffyduck.jpg
Daffy Duck with Speedy Gonzales in Moby Duck.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 98 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1942, Jimmy Doolittle led a team of 16 brave crews who flew B-25 Mitchell bombers from the aircraft carrier Hornet to perform the first bombing raid on the Japanese homeland. The United States was still reeling from the effects of the Pearl Harbor attack. The Japanese military leadership had told their citizens that Japan was invulnerable, and given the appearance of the Pacific at the time, they seemed to be right. Colonel Doolittle felt that an attack on the homeland would plant seeds of doubt but he also knew that the American psyche needed a boost, too. After considering several ways to make the event happen, Doolittle settled on the North American B-25 bomber because it could be launched from an aircraft carrier. All 16 aircraft launched safely and hit military targets in Japan. The flight continued to China, the plan was to land safely. Due to an early launch and shortage of fuel, most just barely made the Chinese coast. One crew went to Russia and landed, but since Russia was not at war with Japan, the plane was confiscated and the crew imprisoned. (They would escape through Iran in 1943.) Doolittle thought he would be court-martialed on return to the US. All 16 planes were lost. Two crews were captured, one crew perished. He did not know what a positive effect the raid had on American morale. The fact that the strike came from land-based bombers continued to confuse the Japanese leaders and led them to believe they were vulnerable to air attacks. Doolittle returned to Washington to a hero's welcome, a Medal of Honor and a promotion of two grades to Brigadier General. When asked where the bombers came from, President Roosevelt waved his hand and said, "Shangri-la." (An American aircraft carrier was later named Shangri-la in honor of the Doolittle Raid.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Army_B-25_%28Doolittle_Raid%29.jpg/300px-Army_B-25_%28Doolittle_Raid%29.jpg
A B-25 launches from the Hornet
for the raid.

...in 1945, journalist Ernie Pyle was killed in the Pacific Theater. Pyle was born on a tenant farm in Dana, Indiana and joined the Naval Reserve when he was 18, but WWI ended before he saw any action. He attended Indiana University, traveled the orient with frat brothers, edited the school newspaper and did about everything but graduate. His intimate style made him the ideal war correspondent, and in WWII he wrote about the guys in the foxholes and not the generals. On the island of le Shima, part of the Okinawa islands, Pyle was riding in a jeep with Lt. Colonel Joseph B. Coolidge and three other men when the jeep came under fire. The men stopped the jeep and dived into a ditch. When the firing stopped, Pyle stuck his head up and said to Coolidge, "Are you alright?" They were his last words. A bullet penetrated his left temple and he died instantly.

The best way I can describe this vast armada and the frantic urgency of the traffic is to suggest that you visualize New York harbor on its busiest day of the year and then just enlarge that scene until it takes in all the ocean the human eye can reach clear around the horizon and over the horizon. There are dozens of times that many.
--Ernie Pyle on preparations for the Normandy invasion.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Ernie_Pyle.jpg/180px-Ernie_Pyle.jpg
Ernie Pyle on board the
USS Cabot.

...in 1906, San Francisco was rocked by a massive earthquake at 5:12 AM. The magnitude of the quake is estimated at 7.8 and the epicenter was located offshore about 2 miles. While the quake itself did not cause the fatalities, it was the fires that followed soon after the quake. The death toll, estimated to be over 3,000 is thought to be the greatest loss of life from natural disaster in California history. Between 225,000 and 300,000 people were left homeless. The mouth of the Salinas River moved six miles to the south. The total damage was estimated at $400 million, which adjusted for inflation, would be about $6.5 billion today.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/SanFranHouses06.JPG/250px-SanFranHouses06.JPG
Houses near the bay.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Sfearthquake3b.jpg/250px-Sfearthquake3b.jpg
Fires in the Mission District.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/San_Francisco_1906_earthquake_Panoramic_View.jpg/1100px-San_Francisco_1906_earthquake_Panoramic_View.jpg
San Francisco after the fires, April 21, 1906

...in 1906, Yankee Stadium opened with a game against the Boston Red Sox, starting a rivalry that remains bitter to this day. (The Yankees won the game.)

...in 1983, a suicide bomber almost completely destroyed the US Embassy in Beirut, Lebanon. In 1975, civil war wracked Lebanon with Palestinian and Muslim guerillas battling the Christian Planage Party, the Maronite Christian community and several other groups. Syrian, Israeli and United Nations (which is useless, anyway) interventions did not bring peace. In 1982, a multi-national force led by US Marines landed in Beirut to oversee the Palestinian withdrawal. The Marines left on September 10 but returned on the 29th when Palestinian refugees were massacred by a Christian militia. The next day, a Marine died while trying to defuse a bomb. On April 18, the embassy was bombed and on October 23 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index265.html#post567042), Lebanese terrorists drove a truck, packed with explosives, into the Marine barracks in Beirut, killing 241 military personnel. 58 French soldiers perished in a simultaneous terrorist attack. On February 7, 1984, President Reagan announced the end of American support and on February 26, the last Marines left Beirut.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/MarineBarracksBeirut_23October1983.jpg/180px-MarineBarracksBeirut_23October1983.jpg
Rescue crews searching
for casualties following the
bombing.

...in 1955, Albert Einstein passed away, the first physicist to become a household name. Inexplicably, his brain was removed from his body and remained preserved, but this fact was not released until 1978.

http://www.damninteresting.com/wp-content/einstein_brain.jpg
Einstein's brain was removed by
Dr. Thomas Hardy for research. Today,
the organ remains in a laboratory at
Princeton Hospital. (Isn't that where
Dr. House plies his trade?

http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51JHRDDNZ4L._BO2,204,203,200_PIsitb-sticker-arrow-click,TopRight,35,-76_AA240_SH20_OU01_.jpg
If you think this is all just a
little strange, you might want
to read Driving Mr. Albert
by Michael Paterniti.

...in 1775, just before midnight, Paul Revere started his famous ride.

Listen, my children, and you shall hear
Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere,
On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-Five;
Hardly a man is now alive
Who remembers that famous day and year
(Henry Wadsworth Longfellow)

Paul Revere was a successful silversmith in Boston and also acted as a dentist. As a part of a group called the Sons of Liberty, Revere was part of a network of craftsmen who kept an eye on the British and watched troop movements. On April 18, British regulars began to march toward Lexington for the purpose of arresting John Hancock and Sam Adams, and also to march to Concord to capture a colonial ammunition store. The Sons of Liberty swung into action. Revere set off across the Charles River to ride to Lexington. At the same time, William Dawes set off on the other shore of the Charles River with the same goal - to warn Lexington of the troop movements. Robert Newman, the sexton of the Old North Church, lit two lanterns to signal that the British were crossing the Charles River on their way to Lexington. The lanterns were not to signal Revere, but the North Church could be seen from great distances and the lights were in case Revere and Dawes didn't get through. There were no shouts of "To arms! The British are coming!" The entire mission required secrecy, many of the local residents were British loyalists and, in fact, the colonists still considered themselves British subjects. Revere and Dawes both reached Hancock and discussed plans of what to do. Revere and Dawes decided to ride on to Concord, joined by Dr. Samuel Prescott. The three were caught and detained by British troops at Lincoln. Prescott jumped a wall and escaped, Dawes escaped but fell off his horse and did not complete his ride. In the early morning hours, shots rang out and the British were alarmed. They confiscated Revere's horse and rode to the location of the shots in Lexington. Revere, meanwhile, proceeded on foot to aid Hancock and his family to escape.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Paul_revere_ride.gif
Paul Revere's ride. Unfortunately, many people took
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem about the ride as
historical fact. It was not. There were no shouts, the
whole event was, in fact, quiet secret.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

This is the traditional Patriot's Day! It is a date of incredible signifcance in the United States for many, many reasons. Regretably, as historical as April 19 is, there is nothing new or significant to report in Paige's case. Sadly there is no news and no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 64 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1993, the FBI began a tear-gas assault on the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas, in an attempt to end a 51 day old standoff. By the end of the day, the compound was burned to the ground and over 80 Branch Davidians, including 22 children, had perished in the inferno. The FBI maintains that the Davidians started the fire and were killing each other as part of a suicide pact or killing those who were trying to escape. Survivors tell a different tale, charing that the ATF and FBI acted with either total incompetence or premeditated murder. No one knows for sure, but the FBI has admitted that the tear-gas grenades used in the assault have incidiary properties.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2e/FBIphoto04-19-93.JPG/250px-FBIphoto04-19-93.JPG
The Davidians Mount Carmel Center in flames
during the assault, April 19, 1993.

...in 1995, a massive truck bomb exploded outside the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma CIty, Oklahoma. The entire north face of the 9 story building immediately collapsed, killing 100 people. Many more were trapped in the rubble. (When the final rescue effort came to an end, the death toll reached 168 including 19 children who were in the day care center.) A massive manhunt for the perpetrator of the worst terrorist attack by an American on American soil began. The hunt resulted in the capture of Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols. McVeigh and Nichols were members of a radical, anti-government survivalist group that was becoming increasingly distrustful of the American government. The 1992 shootout between Federal agents and Randy Weaver at his cabin in Idaho (Weaver's wife and son were killed in the shootout) and the disasterous assault in Waco on April 19, 1993 pushed McVeigh and his associates over the edge. The plan was simple, a diesel fuel and fertilizer bomb, packed into a rental truck, set to explode in front of the Murrah Building, which housed the ATF and FBI, the two agencies involved in the Idaho and Waco incidents. McVeigh was sentenced to death by lethal injection, and on June 11, 2001, McVeigh died at the federal penitentiary in Terre Haute, Indiana.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Murrah_Building_-_Aerial.jpg/180px-Murrah_Building_-_Aerial.jpg
The Murrah Building and surrounding campus
after the bombing.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/65/The_Survivor_Tree_at_the_Oklahoma_City_National_Me morial.jpg/180px-The_Survivor_Tree_at_the_Oklahoma_City_National_Me morial.jpg
This lone elm tree survived the bombing
(note the angle of the trunk.) It became known
as The Survivor Tree and became the emblem
of the memorial.

...in 1861, the first blood was shed in the Civil War when a mob of secessionists attacked Massachusetts troops in Baltimore. The soldiers were headed for Washington, D.C. when the mob attacked them, four soldiers and twelve rioters died in the incident. The first skirmish of the war began a week earlier, on April 13 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index275.html#post639520), when Fort Sumter came under siege in Charleston Bay, South Carolina. President Lincoln called for troops to quell the "Southern insurrection" and the northern states reacted quickly to the call. The Massachusetts Regiment was on its way to Washington, where the tracks did not continue through the city. They disembarked their train and climbed into carriages that would take them across town to catch the train to Washington. Maryland was a border state where slavery was legal, and a mob of secessionists gathered to try to prevent the troops from getting to Washington. The mob blocked the carriages, forcing the troops to continue on foot. Jeering turned into throwing of rocks and bricks, the troops fired into the crowd. At the station, the Baltimore Police held back the crowd while the troops climbed aboard the train, leaving most of their equipment behind. Four soldiers and twelve rioters died. Maryland closed the state to Union transports, secessionists destroyed the rail lines and bridges leading to Washington. In May, the Union army occupied Baltimore and declared martial law. Maryland was split between secession and staying with the Union, and a vote was never taken. Slavery was abolished in 1864. About 50,000 Marylanders fought for the Union while 22,000 volunteered for the Confederacy. The bloodshed in Baltimore on this date is considered the first bloodshed of the Civil War.

http://www.civilwarhome.com/images/riot.jpg

...in 1865, the funeral of Abraham Lincoln was held at the White House with family and honored guests in attendance. The eulogy was delivered by Dr. Phineas Gurley, pastor of the New York Avenue Presbyterian Church. In his eulogy, Dr. Gurley described Mr. Lincoln as simple, sincere, plain, honest, truthful, just, benevolent and kind. He was the man, Dr. Gurley said was "...the man, who, in a time of unexampled peril, when the very life of the nation was at stake, should be chosen to occupy, in the country and for the country, its highest post of power and responsibility."

http://www.mrlincolnswhitehouse.org/upload/WH-LFuneralLOC6935_mwh.jpg
Over 100,000 people lined the streets of Washington

...in 1897, the first Boston Marathon was run on Patriot's Day. John J. McDermott of New York ran the 24.5 mile course in the best time. 2:55:10. There is no truth that Rosie Ruiz was in that marathon nor pretended to win it. (If you don't get the joke, google Rosie Ruiz.) Today, the Boston Marathon is considered one of the premier road races and attracts both professional and amateur marathoners from around the world. (Patriot's Day was moved to the third Monday of April in 1969 and the Marathon is run on that date every year.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Boston1910.jpg/180px-Boston1910.jpg
Boston Marathon finish line, 1910.

...in 1775, 700 British regulars marched into Lexington, Massachusetts for the purpose of seizing a Patriot munitions storage facility and to capture John Hancock and Samuel Adams. At 5:00 AM, the Redcoats were surprised to find 77 armed minutemen on the town green. British Major John Pitcairn ordered the Patriots to disperse. There was some milling around and the crowd began to disperse when an unknown report sounded; it was the "...shot heard round the world." Soon musket smoke covered the green, eight Patriots lay dead and ten more were wounded. One British soldier was injured but the result was the start of the American Revolution. The Redcoats mached on to Concord but at 7:00 AM, they found themselves surrounded by hundreds of armed Minutemen. Lt. Colonel Francis Smith, commander of the British forces, ordered a retreat to Boston without confronting the colonists. As they reached Lexington, the militia exacted their revenge by killing several Redcoats as they marched through. Even thought the British were reinforced by 1500 more troops, all the way back to Boston, the Redcoats were harassed by Minutemen shooting from behind rocks, trees and fences. By the time the British made it back to Boston, nearly 300 soldiers were killed, wounded or missing in action. The two skirmishes began the Revolutionary War that would escalate into a world war and hatch a new nation, the independent United States of America.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Minute_Man.JPG/120px-Minute_Man.JPG
Concord Minute Man by
Daniel Chester French in
Concord, Massachusetts.

In 1836, Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote the Concord Hymn for a battle monument in Concord, Massachusetts. It pays homage to the men who gave their lives and is the source of the famous line, "And fired the shot heard round the world." It was sung on July 4, 1837 at Concord's celebration, to the tune of the Old Hundreth, a tune familiar to most Christians. The first stanza is engraved on the Concord Minute Man statue (by Daniel Chester French, best known for his statue of Lincoln) at the Old North Bridge in Concord.

By the rude bridge that arched the flood,
Their flag to April’s breeze unfurled,
Here once the embattled farmers stood,
And fired the shot heard round the world.

The foe long since in silence slept;
Alike the conqueror silent sleeps;
And Time the ruined bridge has swept
Down the dim stream that seaward creeps.

On this green bank, by this soft stream,
We set today a votive stone;
That memory may their deeds redeem,
When, like our sires, our sons are gone.

Spirit, that made those heroes dare,
To die, and leave their children free,
Bid Time and nature gently spare
The shaft we raise to them and thee.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 72 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1871, Congress passed the Third Force Act, more popularly known as the Ku Klux Klan act. It authorized President Ulysses S. Grant to declare martial law and impose heavy penalties on terrorist organizations. The KKK was founded in 1865 by several Confederate Army veterans but it grew from a secret fraternity into a force bent on resisting Union efforts at Reconstruction, especially those efforts that were aimed at granting rights to and improving the lives of the newly freed slaves. The name "Ku Klux Klan" bastardization of the Greek word for circle, "kyklos" and "clan" from the warring families of Scotland, but probably chosen for its aliteration with kyklos. The Klan pushed a platform of racial superiority and began to use violence to forward its philosophy. A former Confederate general, Nathan Bedford Forrest was the first Grand Wizard of the KKK and was one of the strongest critics of the violent turn taken by the group. He tried, unsuccessfully, to disband the KKK in 1869. In some southern states, Republicans formed militia units to break up the Klan, but passage of the law in 1871 resulted in thousands of arrests and 18 counties in South Carolina to be placed under marshal law. In 1882, the law was found unconstitutional by the Supreme Court but by that time, Reconstruction was pretty much over and the KKK had faded away. It resurfaced in the 1920s and again in the 1960s, and it remains a small, but active force, to this day.

...in 1906, firefighters in San Francisco were finaly able to halt the spread of flames that nearly consumed the city after an earthquake rocked the city two days earlier. Even though the (estimated) 8.3 magnitude earthquake leveled much of the city, it was the fires that caused the most damage and death. There weren't enough firemen nor equipment to fight the fires, which didn't matter, because most of the water lines had been broken by the quake and and there was little pressure to fight the fires. The mayor authorized drastic measures, and firefighters used dynamite to blow houses and buildings to create fire breaks. (The fire breaks had little effect on the firefighting and was seldom used after the disaster. Also in the wake of the disaster, building and fire codes were changed in San Francisco, and they were enforced.

...in 1841, the first detective story was published. Edgar Allen Poe's The Murders in the Rue Morgue appeared in Graham's Lady's and gentleman's Magazine. The story describes the incredible analytical powers used by Monsieur C. Auguste Dupin to solve the murders in Paris. The story, setting the way for Sherlock Holmes, was told my Dupin's roommate. Dectective stories began to flourish. Sherlock Holmes first appeared in 1887. Both of Agatha Christie's detectives, Miss Marple and Hercule Poirot made their first appearances in the 1920s and remain popular. (Agatha Christie admitted that Poirot was inspired by Holmes, "...eccentric detective, stooge assistant, with a Lestrade-type Scotland Yard detective, Inspector Japp." Conan Doyle also admitted that Holmes had been based on the model of C. August Dupin, Edgar Allen Poe's archetypical detective. The 1930s was the golden age of detective novels, the noir detective was the basis of detectives by Dashel Hammet, Raymond Chandler and Mickey Spillane. That is "...the stuff dreams are made of."

...in 1889, at an inn in Braunau am Inn, Austria-Hungary, the Gasthof zum Pommer, Adolph Hitler was born, the fourth of six children of Alois Hitler and Klara Polzi. Klara was Alois's third wife and was also his cousin. Adolph and his younger sister, Paula, reached adulthood. Alois Hitler was an illigitimate child that used his mother's surname, Schicklgruber, for his first 39 years. He took the name of his stepfather, Hiedler. The name was probably spelled Hiedler, Huetler, Huettler and Hitler over the years, and a clerk probably normalized it to Hitler. Contrary to legend, however, Adolph was born Hitler, not Schicklgruber but it is a lot more fun to say. He never graduated from high school and he aspired to be a painter. He applied to, but was twice rejected, by an art academy. He copied postcards and a few merchants tried to sell his paintings but it was not to be. He lived in a homeless shelter in 1910. After the war ended, almost all western publications refer to nazism as evil in both secular and religious terms. In Germany, display of a swastika or denial of the Holocaust is probibited. Hitler is regarded as evil incarnate by most everyone but inexplicably, some leaders honor him and speak in favorable terms. Former Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat spoke of how he admired Hitler. Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, who calls for Israel to be wiped from the map, claims the Holocaust is a myth and Louis Farrakhan refers to Hitler as a "very great man."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Mahnstein.JPG/180px-Mahnstein.JPG
This stone was placed outside Hitler's birthplace in Austria.
It says,
FÜR FRIEDEN FREIHEIT
UND DEMOKRATIE
NIE WIEDER FASCHISMUS
MILLIONEN TOTE MAHNEN
which translates roughly to
For peace, freedom and democracy
never again fascism, millions of dead
remind us.

...in 1999, two teenage gunmen went on a shooting spree at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado. At 11:19 AM, Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris, dressed in trench coats, began shooting students before going inside and continuing their attack. By 11:35, they had killed 12 fellow students, a teacher, and wounded another 23 people. Shortly after noon, they turned the guns on themselves and committed suicide. It is the fourth worst school shooting in American history. (33 people, including the gunman, were killed at Virginia Tech on April 16, 2007.) Of course, immediately following the shooting, everyone wanted to know why and there were the requisite calls for more gun control. Harris and Klebold chose their victims randomly, and speculation was that they committed the crimes because they belonged to a group of outcasts known as "The Trench Coat Mafia." The "mafia" was fascinated by the Goth culture, video games and music, all blamed for causing the shootings. Of course, none of it was every proved. The school reopened in the fall of 1999, but Littleton was not the same. The two left written plans that are not clear. It is thought the shootings were planned for April 19 to coincide with the anniversary of the Waco debacle, but no one is sure. Michael Moore blamed music in Bowling for Columbine. There have been many reports and articles published by experts of one kind or another of why Klebold and Harris did what they did, but the only two people who really knew took their secrets to the grave.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b5/Evacuating_Columbine.jpg/250px-Evacuating_Columbine.jpg
Staff and students evacuated the high
school during the shooting.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Columbinememorial.JPG/180px-Columbinememorial.JPG
The Columbine Memorial was dedicated
on September 21, 2007.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 101 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1918, Manfred von Richtofen was shot down by Allied fire. Richthofen was the son of a Prussian noble and during WWI, switched from the Germany army to the Imperial Air Service in 1915. In 1916, he was terrorizing the skies over France in an Albatross biplane. He shot down 15 aircraft by the end of the year. In 1917, he surpassed all ace totals, on both sides, and he began flying a Fokker triplane that was painted bright red. He was already known as "The Red Baron" and although he only used the red Fokker triplane for the last eight months of his life, it is the plane he is forever associated with. In 1918, The Red Baron flew deep into enemy territory in pursuit of a British airplane. He was apparently too close to the deck and was shot in the chest by an Austrailian soldier. He crashed his plane into a field. Another account had him shot down by Captain Roy Brown, a Canadian flier. Either way, the 25 year old ace was recovered by British troops and his last word to the British soldiers was, "Kaputt." He was buried with full military honors. In an era when airplanes were little more than sticks covered with fabric, the Bloody Red Baron shot down 80 enemy aircraft, a feat unequaled in military history.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/64/Mvrredbaron.jpg/200px-Mvrredbaron.jpg
Manfred von Richtofen, wearing
the Blue Max, Prussia's highest
military honor.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/RoteBaron.JPG/180px-RoteBaron.JPG
A replica of the Richtofen's Fokker Triplane.

...in 1836, during the Texan War for Independence, Sam Houston's Texas Militia launched a surprise attack on Mexican General Santa Anna on the banks of the San Jacinto river. The Mexican army had scored a major victory at The Alamo and Houston waited for his right opportunity to revenge the loss. In the the Battle of San Jacinto, Santa Anna's forces were thoroughly routed with hundreds captured, including Santa Anna. To regain his freedom, Santa Anna recognized Texas independence. That would later be rescinded, planting the seeds of the Mexican-American War over Texas becoming the 28th state in 1845.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/1d/SantaAnnaSurrender.jpg
William Huddle's Santa Anna Surrenders 1886.

...in 1865, a train dubbed "The Lincoln Special," carrying the coffin of President Abraham Lincoln, left Washington, D.C. on a circuitous route to Springfield, Illinois, where he would be buried on May 4. The train went through 180 cites in 7 states on its route. At specially scheduled stops, the coffin was taken from the train and carried by hearse to a public location for viewing. In Philadelphia, Lincoln was placed in state in the east wing of Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence was signed. People waited as long as five hours to pay their respects to the martyred president. There were 300 people on board the train for its 1650 mile journey, including the coffin of Willie Lincoln, who had died of Typhoid Fever in Washington, D.C. in 1862. His body was disinterred so he could be buried along with his father, in the family plot, in Springfield. On the date of his death, a group of Springfield citizens formed the National Lincoln Monument Association and began to collect funds to build a special tomb. Upon completion of the memorial in 1874, Lincoln's remains were placed in a chamber known as the "catacombs" but two Chicago counterfeiters tried, and failed, to steal the body, to hold it for ransom, in 1876. His body is now interred 10 feet below the buriel room, in a brick vault. Lincoln's family, Mary Todd Lincoln and three of his four sons are interred in the burial room of the monument. (Robert Todd Lincoln is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/LincolnTrain.jpeg/300px-LincolnTrain.jpeg
The Lincoln Funeral Train

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Lincoln%27s_Tomb.JPG/300px-Lincoln%27s_Tomb.JPG
Lincoln's tomb, Oak Ridge Cemetery

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 82 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1970, the first Earth Day was held. It was the brainchild of Senator Gaylord Nelson of Wisconsin in order to promote awareness of environmental issues. The EPA was established that Summer. What started out as a good idea has grown into a massively powerful branch of government over which no one has recourse. (I intend to celebrate Earth Day by turning on every light in my house, powering on every appliance I have and lighting a charcoal fire to make dinner.) By the way, recent polls reveal that most Americans no longer buy into man-made global warming. If you couldn't tell from talking with your neighbors, you can tell from the way it's being pushed by do-gooders.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9d/GaylordNelson.jpg
Gaylord Nelson (1916-2005)

...in 1954, as long as we're talking about well-meaning Senators from Wisconsin, Joseph McCarthy began hearings to investigate the US Army. The hearings were televised, giving Americans a chance to see McCarthy in action, and his receding popularity plummeted. McCarthy died three years later.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Joseph_McCarthy.jpg/160px-Joseph_McCarthy.jpg
Joseph McCarthy (1908-1957)

...in 1945, Adolph Hitler admitted defeat to his generals. There was no defense offered against the Russian army that was advancing on Berlin. He told his advisers that the war was lost and suicide was his only option.

...in 1994, 37th President of the United States Richard M. Nixon passed away. He is mostly remembered for resigning the office under fire for the Watergate scandal but he is also remembered for ending the war in Viet Nam and for opening China.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Richard_Nixon.jpg/225px-Richard_Nixon.jpg
Richard Milhous Nixon (1913-1994)

...in 1993, the United States Holocaust Museum was dedicated in New York City. The museum has been visited by over 30 million visitors including field trips and heads of state. The museum has a permanent exhibition that occupies most of the museum. The Tower of Faces is a three story tower that is lined with photos of everyday life in the village of Eisiskes, Lithudania before the SS rounded up everyone in the village and systematically murdered them all. Remember the Children: Daniel's Story is an exhibition that describes the Holocaust to young people by telling the story of Daniel. "Daniel" is a fictional character that is a composite of several children who faced the Holocaust. There are also rotating exhibits that have covered anti-semitism, Nazi propaganda and even the genocide in Darfur. There is currently an exhibit about the genocide in Rwanda. You can visit the [ur="http://www.ushmm.org/"]United States Holocaust Museum[/url]'s website and millions do every year.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b6/HolocaustMuseumPlaque.jpg/300px-HolocaustMuseumPlaque.jpg
The Dedication Plaque

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 89 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1921, Warren Spahn was born in Buffalo, New York. He was a left-handed pitcher who threw more victories (363) than any other left-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball. He is recognized as not only the best left-handed pitcher but one of the greatest pitchers in history. He won 20 games in 13 seasons, including 23-7 record when he was 42 years old! He began his career with the Boston Braves in on April 19, 1942, moved with the Braves to Milwaukee in 1953 and won the Cy Young Award in 1957. In 1964, when the owners of the Braves wanted to move to Atlanta, they sold Spahn to the hapless New York Mets. Critics said it was one more act by the desperate owners to anger Milwaukee fans - which it did. “I’m probably the only guy who worked for Stengel before and after he was a genius,” Spahn said of playing for the Mets. After the Mets released him, he finished his career by winning three more games with the San Francisco Giants that year. (Warren Spahn was my favorite ball player as a kid. The Old Man took me to County Stadium to see Spahn pitch for the Mets - he got shelled - while the Milwaukee pitcher almost threw a no-hitter.)

Spahn probably would have amassed even more records if it hadn't been for World War II. He saw action in the Battle of the Bulge and Ludendorf Bridge. He was awarded a Purple Heart and a Bronze Star. He spent three years in the army and returned to baseball at the age of 25, but more mature than when he had gone in. “After what I went through overseas, I never thought of anything I was told to do in baseball as hard work. You get over feeling like that when you spend days on end sleeping in frozen tank tracks in enemy threatened territory. The Army taught me something about challenges and about what’s important and what isn’t. Everything I tackle in baseball and in life I take as a challenge rather than work,” Spahn said of his time in the army. He pitched until he was 44 years old and angrily said, “I didn’t quit; baseball retired me.” He pitched for three more years in the minors and in Mexico.

http://www.tireball.com/photos/albums/spahn_warren/26.jpg
Spahn's high leg kick aided him in
becoming baseball's all-time winningest
left handed pitcher.

...in 1954, speaking of great Milwaukee baseball players, Hank Aaron hit his first major league home run. Twenty years later, he set the new home run record, surpassing Babe Ruth's "unbeatable" record. Aaron moved to Atlanta with the Braves and in 1974, they traded him to the Milwaukee Brewers to finish his career. (The American League Brewers were able to use Aaron as a Designated Hitter, extending his career and his total home run count. His home run record is untouched by normal ball players without the aid of performance enhancement drugs.)

http://www.tireball.com/photos/albums/spahn_warren/20.jpg
Warren Spahn with his Cy Young award and
Hank Aaron with his MVP Award, for the 1957
season. The photo was taken in 1958 at old
Milwaukee County Stadium.

...in 1992, a Miller 1500 race car was acquired by the Smithsonian Institution for display. Harry Miller was born in Menomonie, Wisconsin in 1875 and became a brilliant automotive designer. He had a nearly inexhaustable supply of ideas to increase horsepower and gain more speed. He moved to Los Angeles and started building carburetors that caught on across the country. He developed a stong aluminum alloy for lightweight racing carburetors which he then used to make aluminum pistons. With his associates, Fred Offenhauser and Leo Goossen, Miller began to build racing engines that dominated racing. Eventually, Miller Engineering began to build race cars. If one was serious about racing, and wanted to win, one bought a Miller race car. It was not cheap. In a day when the average wage was $25 a week, a Miller race car was $10,000.00. Miller also built the first front wheel drive race car and the first four wheel drive race car. He used no off-the-shelf parts, ever part of every Miller race car was built in his plant and documented. Miller cars won nine Indianapolis 500 races and three more races were won by chassis that were powered with Miller engines. In the 1930s, Miller finished at least six cars in the top ten of every race. Fred Offenhauser continued Miller's work, and Miller-Offenhauser cars and engines dominated the Indianapolis 500 well into the 1970s. It was not until 1981 that a Miller or Offenhauser engine did not start the Indianapolis 500.

http://www.milleroffy.com/miller_122_frontdrive_front_web.jpg
A Miller 122 Front Wheel Drive Race Car

...in 1942, the Germans began to bomb medieval city centers in what the Luftwaffe called "Baedeker Raids." On March 28, 234 British bombers anihilated the German port city of Lübeck. The target was of "moderate importance" and was listed as more of morale booster for the British fliers. The damage was massive, two thousand buildings were destroyed, over 300 were killed and 15,000 Germans were left homeless. In retaliation, the Germans started the Baedeker Raids. Baedecker Publishing produced tourist guidebooks, and the Luftwaffe promised to attack every building in Great Britain that had received three stars in the Baedeker tourist guides.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1977-047-16%2C_L%C3%BCbeck%2C_brennender_Dom_nach_Luftangri ff.jpg/180px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1977-047-16%2C_L%C3%BCbeck%2C_brennender_Dom_nach_Luftangri ff.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Lubeck-church.JPG/180px-Lubeck-church.JPG
Lübeck Cathedal after the raid, and after restoration, completed in 1982.

...in 1564, William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-on-Avon. At least, tradition says he was born on this day, no one really knows for sure. It is known for sure that he died on this date in 1616. Little is known about Shakespeare because of his lower station in life. He was the son of John Shakespeare, the town baliff. What is known is from official records. Shakespeare wrote over 1 million words in 20 years as a playwrite, and over 400 years later, his plays are still performed, read, analyzed and studied. Ben Johnson, the great poet and contemporary, said, "He was not of an age, but for all time."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/First_Folio.jpg/180px-First_Folio.jpg
"All the world's a stage, and all
the men and women merely players:
they have their exits and their entrances;
and one man in his time plays many parts..."
As You Like It Act II, Scene 7,

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 91 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1916, on Easter Sunday, a group called the Irish Republican Brotherhood began the Easter Rebellion. The secret society, along with militant Irish socialists, attacked British government offices in Dublin and captured several government buildings, including the post office. They proclaimed the independence of Ireland, which had been under British rule for centuries. On Monday morning, they were in control of much of the city, at least, until the British launched a counter offensive and quickly crushed the rebellion. British rule had been harsh, including anti-Catholic laws, and there was (and remains) little love between the two, the Irish Catholics represented by the green on the flag and the protestant English/Irish, represented by the orange on the flag. In 1921, 26 of Ireland's 32 counties won independence and in 1949 became the Republic of Ireland. Six northeastern counties remain under British rule, and the Irish Republican Brotherhood became the Irish Republican Army, calling for a united, and free, Ireland. In 2005, the IRA finally decided to end the violence and pursue independence through peaceful means.

...in 1800, the Library of Congress was established by President John Adams. The first books were ordered from London and stored in the U.S. Capitol. The first library catalog listed 964 books and nine maps. The British burned the Capitol during the War of 1812, destroying the library. Thomas Jefferson sold his personal library to Congress to replace the destroyed collection. The purchase of his library of 6,487 books was approved the next year and a professional librarian was hired. After the Civil War, the size of the collection began to increase quickly and today, the Library of Congress is housed in three huge buildings.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Library_of_Congress.jpg
The Library of Congress Reading Room

...in 1953, Winston Churchill, the Prime Minister who led Great Britain through World War II, was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II. In 1955, he retired as PM but remained in Parliament until 1964, the year before he died.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Churchill_portrait_NYP_45063.jpg/250px-Churchill_portrait_NYP_45063.jpg
Sir Winston Churchill
"It has been said that democracy is the worst form of government except all the others that have been tried."

...in 1980, an ill-fated military operation to rescue American hostages went ary, killing eight US military personnel and without rescuing any hostages. The plan was hatched by President Jimmy Carter who was at the end of his rope with Iran. On November 4, 1979, militant Iranian students seized the American Embassy in Teheran. The Ayatollah Khomenini, the Iranian political and religious leader, took control of the hostages. When Teheran had not been subject to any military reprisals, Khomeini came to the realization that he had President Carter by the proverbial short hair. He promised to release women and minority hostages, playing the propaganda game very well and saying he was releasing captives who represented America's most oppressed peoples. Khomeini played the American press like a violin, making President Carter look more and more foolish every day. With no diplomatic resolution in sight, President Carter launched the rescue mission. The plan revolved around landing the Delta Force in Teheran, transported by helicopter. The hostages would be flown out in C-130 transports. Three of the eight helicopters failed, and during the ensuing retreat, one of the helicopters collided with a C-130, killing the eight Americans. The next day, the president was forced to go on television and admit the failure, which became a PR coup for the Ayatollah. Mr. Carter lost his bid for reelection to Ronald Reagan. The Iranians began to negotiate with the President elect, and on January 20, 1981, President Reagan's inauguration day, the hostages were released, after 444 days in captivity. The hostage crisis marred Jimmy Carter's presidency but the crash and failure of the rescue mission became the defining moment of his presidency.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Desertone.jpg/180px-Desertone.jpg
The wreckage of a Sea Stallion
helicopter from the rescue attempt.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 99 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1901, the state of New York became the first in the United States to require registration of automobiles. Owners were required to send in their names, addresses and a description of their automobiles. The registration cost $1, and owners received permission to make their own small plaque with their initials on it. The state made $954 in registration fees for the year 1901. (The first plates issued by a state were in 1903 in Massachusetts.)

http://z.about.com/d/history1900s/1/G/d/D/1/licenseplate.jpg
A 1903 Massachusetts plate, the
first issued by a state.

...in 1952, the American Bowling Congress approved the use of automatic pinspotters for league play. Development of pinspotters had been underway since the early part of the 20th Century. Bowlers relied on "pin boys" to reset bowling pins and return balls to the bowlers. Manual machines were developed to aid pinboys set pins, but no serious efforts went into building automatic machines until the 1930s, efforts that were curtailed during WWII. AMF introduced a fully automatic pinsetter in 1946 which went into widespread use. Brunswick, seeing the success of AMF began to build their own machines.

http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/7970/75/400/pin.jpg
The AMF sign appeared in bowling centers that featured the
AMF machines. In the 1950s, automation was all the rage and it
seemed that robots would be doing a lot of work for us, so it was
natural for manufacturers to use robot characters to sell us almost
anything.

...in 1990, the space shuttle Discovery placed the Hubble Space Telescope into orbit. The space telescope was conceived in the 1940s but wasn't designed until the 1970s and built in the 1980s. It was conceived to make observations without the restrictions and the major problem associated with earth-bound telescopes, the distortions caused by the atmosphere. It was all terribly exciting until the first images began to arrive back on earth. The mirror had been precision ground, polished and polished again, to more exacting standards than any telescope mirror before it. Unfortunately, someone forgot to give the specs to the designers of the lenses and optics who built optics for a different mirror. In 1993, another shuttle mission repaired the optics, and for the last 16 years, the Hubble has been sending back stunning photographs of the universe.

http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/gallery/db/spacecraft/04/formats/04_web.jpg
The Hubble Space Telescope

http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2000-06-a-web.jpg
This Carina Nebula image is just one of the stunning
photographs taken by the Hubble Space Telescope.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[nana45]

Monday, April 27, Paige would be 36. Her children have been without her almost two years.

Paige remains in our hearts, our thoughts and our prayers.

She always gave a word of kindness and a genuine smile to everyone around her.

She is sorely missed.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 90 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1986, the worst nuclear accident in world history took place at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Power Station in the former Soviet Union. The station is located near the city of Pripyat, along the banks of the Pripyat River, about 65 miles north of Kiev, in the Ukraine. Chernobyl was built in the 1970s with four reactors and it produced about 10% of the Ukraine's power demands. The accident was actually a failed experiment by reactor operators who really didn't understand nuclear power and did not have a working knowledge of the peculiarities of the Chernobyl design. Oversimplified, the accident was the result of several guys saying, "What do you think would happen if we tried this?" What happened was the reactor went out of control and exploded. It was not a nuclear explosion - nuclear power plants are not capable of exploding as a nuclear weapon would - the explosion was caused by a chemical reaction and excessive steam. The explosion blew the top of the reactor off the building and spread a wave of fallout across the countryside. The Soviets were very quiet about the accident, and it was not until radiation alarms went off in Sweden, 800 miles away, that the Soviet Union admitted an accident had occured. The citizens of Pripyat were evacuated but not told the severity of the accident. Their personal belongings remain in the abandoned city. The reactor was filled in with remote control bulldozers and encased in a concrete sarcophogus. (The bulldozers remain at the site, still emitting radiation, more than 20 years later.) 56 people perished with their deaths linked directly to the accident. At least 600,000 people suffered radiation exposure and more than 4,000 cancer deaths have been blamed on the accident. The other three units of the plant were shut down in 2000 and today, work is underway to completely entomb the plant.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Chernobyl_Disaster.jpg/300px-Chernobyl_Disaster.jpg
Chernobyl after the explosion.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/View_of_Chernobyl_taken_from_Pripyat.JPG/180px-View_of_Chernobyl_taken_from_Pripyat.JPG
The abandoned city of Pripyat with
Chernobyl on the horizon.

...in 1906, the 16 acre plot of land left from the 1901 Pan American Exposition was acquired by the George N. Peirce Company to build a production facility. The company began in 1872 building household products that included birdcages. The company added a line of bicycles and in 1900, began to build automobiles. The Pierce Great Arrow appeared in 1904 and proved to be a quite popular, albeit expensive, luxury car. The company changed the name of the vehicle to Pierce-Arrow in 1909. Pierce-Arrow built only luxury automobiles and competed with Packard in that marketplace. Piece-Arrow was the first company to employ aesthetics in design and marketing. The distinctive mark of a Pierce-Arrow is the headlight pods build into the front fenders, which every car has today but was a cutting edge design in its day. Paintings of Pierce-Arrows in advertising were works of art. Sales began to drop off when Piece-Arrow did not update their six cylinder engine while other brands were supplying eight and twelve cylinder engines. When the Great Depression finally crushed Pierce-Arrow, Time Magazine reported the demise under the headline, "From Birdcages to Bankruptcy." (Pierce-Arrow and today's Pierce fire apparatus manufacturing company are not related.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Pierce-ArrowColorAd.jpg/250px-Pierce-ArrowColorAd.jpg
Pierce-Arrow ads were works of art
in themselves, based on aesthetics
and without any details about the
automobiles themselves.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/1922_Pierce-Arrow.JPG/180px-1922_Pierce-Arrow.JPG
The distinctive styling of the Pierce-Arrow,
evident in the 1922 Coupe, provided instant
identification of the brand. The headlight pods
in the front fenders was a unique Pierce-Arrow feature.

...in 1984, President Ronald Reagan arrived in China for talks with Chinese President Li Xiannian. Accompanied by First Lady Nancy Reagan, the intimate group included about 600 journalists and a small army of Secret Service agents. It was the first time a sitting president had visited China since Richard Nixon opened China in 1972. When the communists took over China in 1949, the free Chinese government fled to Taiwan. The United States did not recognize communist China and supported the free Chinese exhiled to Taiwan, under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek. The US sold arms to Taiwan to protect themselves from Mao Zedong's Red China, which infuriated the Chinese and kept the tensions high between the two countries. It was a major point of contention between the Chinese and Americans when Richard Nixon visited in 1972, and wasn't much better when Ronald Reagan visited. However, the lure of enhanced trade between the two nations overcame, although never fully, the difference. The Chinese were impressed with President Reagan's attempts to speak Chinese and he impressed reporters and dignitaries alike with his glib style.

http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/photographs/large/c21461-13A.jpg
President and Nancy Reagan
on the Great Wall of China.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Let's start with a personal note today. Happy birthday, Paige, whereever you are. You are missed and you are loved. There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 77 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1822, Hiram Ulysses Grant was born in Point Pleasant, Ohio, the son of a tanner. He showed little enthusiasm for his father's trade, so the elder Grant secured an appointment to West Point through Ohio Congressman Thomas L. Hamer, who listed him as "Ulysses S. Grant of Ohio." Grant accepted the name and began to use it as initials only, because US also stood for Uncle Sam. His nickname, then, became Sam. His skills ane reputation as an excellent, and fearless, horseman which would make him a natural for the cavalry. In usual army fashion, he was assigned to a regimental quartermaster to manage supplies and equipment. He saw service in the Mexican-American war under Zachery Taylor and Winfield Scott and even though he was with the quartermaster, he was close enough to the lines to see action. Grant was opposed to the war but was able to observe and judge the actions of commanders. The war ended in 1848, and Grant was assigned to Fort Vancouver. His wife was pregnant but not with him as his pay grade could not support a family in the wilderness. Grant took up serious drinking. He was promoted to Captain and transferred to Fort Humboldt, California. Not long after, he resigned his commission. Rumors persisted that the CO of the fort found him drunk, but there is no evidence to support that theory. Still, he was known to be a heavy drinker. In 1861, after the Confederates attacked Fort Sumter and President Lincoln put out his call for volunteers, Grant recruited a company of volunteers and became a brigadier general in the Illinois militia. Later, he became part of the Union army again. He had beaten the drinking but took up chain smoking cigars. After routing the Confederates at Shiloh, he received 10,000 boxes of cigars from grateful fans. After a decisive victory at Vicksburg, he caught the eye of President Lincoln. Lincoln had been plagued with a series of incompetent generals and hired Grant to be Lieutenant General, a rank held previously by only George Washington. As the Supreme Commander of the Army, Grant led a series of bloody and epic battles against Robert E. Lee, eventually accepting Lee's surrender at Appomattox Courthouse, ending the Civil War. He was elected to the office of President in 1868. Unfortunately, Grant was a better general than president, his administration was full of corruption, including the Black Friday gold scandal of Jay Gould. He did, however, pass the Third Force Act (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index275.html#post641969) that slowed the Ku Klux Klan and the Civil Rights Act in 1875 that was the first attempt to desegregate public buildings, rest rooms, transportation and housing. After his presidency, he and his wife traveled Europe, spawning a line in the Bing Crosby version of McNamara's Band. He had made some unwise investments and by 1880, he was broke. Grant had forfeited his army pension when he became president, and there was no presidential pension in those days. He did, however, write his memoirs of the Civil War thanks to an incredible offer from Mark Twain, that was hailed as one of the best memoirs ever written. It sold well, and after his death from cancer in 1885, the family received royalties of $450,000.00. Congress passed a presidential pension in 1958 because of him, so a past president would never be destitute again. Who's buried in Grant's tomb? Ulysses S. Grant and his wife, Julia Boggs Dent Grant.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/USGrant.gif
The familiar portrait of General U.S. Grant
at Cold Harbor in 1864, by Matthew Brady.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Series2004NoteFront_50.jpg
An even more familiar portrait of U.S. Grant

...in 1954, the Bing Crosby.Danny Kay film White Christmas debuted. The film was the first film made in Vista-Vision, the Paramount name for the wide screen process. Wide screen technique was not actually new, in fact, it had been around since the 1920s but was not used because of the extra expense involved. By the 1950s, Hollywood studios were in fear of a new competitor - television. The other studios used the wide screen system called CinemaScope. VistaVision shot horizontally on 35mm film to allow the wider image. The final print was reduced to fit 35mm film in the traditional vertical alignment. The process was higher resolution than CinemaScope but very expensive. Paramount abandoned the process soon after they started to use it. The VistaVision cameras wound up in Europe and Japan and were used there for many years. The process was also used to shoot special effects, later merged into films, for notable science fiction films and other features. Some of the VistaVision effects were used in the Star Wars franchise, Star Trek films, Indiana Jones and even Who Framed Roger Rabbit?.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Bing_Crosby_and_Danny_Kaye_in_White_Christmas_trai ler_2.jpg/140px-Bing_Crosby_and_Danny_Kaye_in_White_Christmas_trai ler_2.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Vera-Ellen_and_Rosemary_Clooney_in_White_Christmas_trai ler_2.jpg/140px-Vera-Ellen_and_Rosemary_Clooney_in_White_Christmas_trai ler_2.jpg
Bing Crosby, Danny Kaye
Vera Ellen and Rosemary Clooney
in White Christmas.

...in -4977 B.C., the universe was created. Well, at least to the 16th Century German mathematician and astronomer, Johannes Kepler. Kepler, often considered to be the father of modern science, is remembered for his work in optics and an improved refracting telescope, and for his explanations of the movement of planets. Using math formulae, he explained that the planets' orbits are elliptical and not circular, and that planets speed up in their orbits as they approach the sun and slow down as they move away. His work greatly influenced Sir Isaac Newton some years later. Kepler died in Regensberg in 1630. When the Big Bang theory was developed in the 20th Century, they found that Kepler's birth date of the universe was slightly off, by about 13.7 billion years.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Johannes_Kepler_1610.jpg/225px-Johannes_Kepler_1610.jpg
Johannes Kepler in 1610, artist unknown.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 58 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1958, a novelty record entitled The Witch Doctor hit the Number 1 spot on the Billboard pop chart. The record used an unusual technique, developed by Ross Bagdasarian, where the singer recorded part of the song at a different speed than the rest of the record, then was dubbed into the original recording. Bagdasarian recorded under the name "David Seville" and he topped the charts again later in the year with a record called The Chipmunk Song. Seville supposedly led a trio of chipmunks named Simon, Theodore and Alvin. Alvin was a mischievous sort and Bagdasarian was able to launch an entire product line and a cartoon series from the success of The Chipmunk Song, but it was the success of The Witch Doctor that started it all. Ooooh, eee, ooo ah ah, ting tang walla walla bing bang. (Click on the link to see David Seville perform The Witch Doctor (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJeb9QFoLzQ) on The Ed Sullivan Show. (Sheb Wooley would perform a similar stunt with a novelty record called The Purple People Eater, also in 1958.) David Seville was the cousin of William Saroyan and he was in the Broadway cast of The Time of Your Life by Saroyan. He also wrote a song performed by Rosemary Clooney.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bagdasarian.jpg/180px-Bagdasarian.jpg
Rostom Sipan Bagdasarian, Sr.
aka David Seville (1919-1972)

...in 1789, the HMS Bounty was seized by a group of mutineers, led by Fletcher Christian, the master's mate, while traveling from Tahiti to the West Indies. The ship had been assigned to travel to Tahiti and collect saplings of breadfruit trees, transport them to the West Indies, where they would be transplanted to provide food for slaves. The Captain of the Bounty, one William Bligh, and 18 of his loyal followers were set adrift in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, in an overcrowded boat. The Bounty set sail for Tubuai, south of Tahiti. Bligh was a miserable captain, an oppresive commander who regularly insulted his subordintates. (Bligh would actually be mutinied three times in his career, although only the Bounty mutiny was due to his strict style and the other two were part of a wider mutinous circumstance.) At first, Bligh and his loyalists appeared to have received a tortuous death sentence, but he was such a capable seaman that he guided the boat on a 3,600 mile journey to the West Indies. He returned to England, received a new command and eventually completed his mission of transporting breadfruit saplings to the West Indies. Meanwhile, the mutineers took the Bounty back to Tahiti, where some of them remained. They would be captured, returned to England and some of them hanged for their participation in the mutiny. The rest settled on an uninhabited island named Pitcairn, where they stripped the Bounty and burned it. Today, about 40 people live on Pitcairn Island, most of them are descendents of the mutineers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/WilliamBligh.jpeg
William Bligh (1754-1817)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Habitantes_de_Pitcairn.jpg/180px-Habitantes_de_Pitcairn.jpg
Current residents of Pitcairn Island

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/ANMM-Bounty-3.jpg/300px-ANMM-Bounty-3.jpg
The Bounty has been replicated twice. One was commissioned by
MGM for use in filming the Marlon Brando feature in 1962 and most recently
saw use in the Pirates of the Caribbean franchise. It was scaled larger
than the original to accomodate 70mm cameras. The one pictured was built for
the 1984 Dino De Laurentis version of the Bounty story.

...in 1903, ten automobile manufacturers, including the familiar names of Cadillac, Thomas and Pope joined the Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers, known as the ALAM. The members paid royalties to George Seldon who owned patent No. 549,160 that described any hydrocarbon engine and self propelled road vehicle. Seldon was not a mechanic and never built a car. As you might guess, he was a lawyer, and after this date in 1903, had enough power to use his patent to build a monopoly over automobile production. The Duryea Brothers, Alexander Winton, Billy Durant (GM) and Ransom E. Olds all belonged to the ALAM. The most notable holdout was Henry Ford, and the ALAM sued him for patent infringement. It took until 1911, but Ford finally broke the patent when a court decided the patent covered a two-cycle engine that was no longer in production.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a6/George_b_selden_road-engine_549%2C160.png/250px-George_b_selden_road-engine_549%2C160.png
The Seldon Road Engine, source of all the headaches of
the early automobile industry.

...in 1945, Il Duce, Benito Mussolini and his mistress, Clara Petacci, were shot to death by Italian partisans who had been hunting the couple, capturing them as they tried to escape to Switzerland. Mussolini had led the fascist government of Italy during the war but was deposed as the allies began to race up the Italian peninsula. It was obvious that the Allies were going to win the war, and Mussolini knew that if he was captured by the British, the Americans or the Communists that he would be tried as a war criminal, so he decided to escape to a neutral country. He did not know that the border guards had switched sides, and he tried to pass himself off as a Luftwaffe officer. His disguise was actually comical, and partisans pulled him out of the line with Petacci. They were shot to death, their bodies were trucked to Milan where they were hung upside down on public display. Mussolini's fate influenced Adolph Hitler to commit suicide.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f5/Hitler_and_Mussolini_June_1940.jpg/180px-Hitler_and_Mussolini_June_1940.jpg
"His Excellency Benito Mussolini, Head of Government,
Duce of Fascism, and Founder of the Empire"
with Adolph Hitler.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 91 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1863, William Randolph Hearst was born in San Francisco. Hearst was the principal heir to a western mining magnate, George Hearst. George had made a fortune with investments in mines. William had no interest in mining, though and went off to Harvard. He became a fan of the New York World where he wound up being a reporter after Harvard threw him out. (The World was owned by Joseph Pulitzer.) Upon his return to San Francisco, Hearst convinced his father to put him in charge of the San Francisco Examiner, a paper that George purchased to back him in a failed attempt at the Senate. He began to get the best reporters and found success in giving his readers what they wanted - sensationalism, scandal and gossip. It was so successful that he began to buy up newspapers across the country. Like his father, he used the newspapers to back his politcal ambitions. He was elected to the House of Representatives from New York in 1902 and 1904 and he had ambitions for the presidency, but since he was unable to win the governorship of New York, party officials doubted his ability to be elected. He founded a third party, but even with all of his money, newpapers and influence, he was unable to fulfill his political ambitions. He moved back to California, acquired more newspapers and dug into the movie business. His mother died, leaving him the family ranch at San Simeon. Over the next six years, he built a castle on the site that, today, is a California State Park.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/William_Randolph_Hearst_cph_3a49373.jpg/170px-William_Randolph_Hearst_cph_3a49373.jpg
William Randolph Hearst

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ext_hearst_castle.jpg/250px-Ext_hearst_castle.jpg
Hearst Castle, San Simeon, California

...in 1945, Eva Braun got married. She was an assistant to and model for a photographer, but not just any photographer, Heinrich Hoffman, the official Nazi photographer. She was introduced to Adolph Hitler in 1929. 23 years younger than him, she became Hitler's mistress, but out of public view and little is known about their early relationship except that it began about 1931. Braun had no discernible influence over her lover. She remained loyal to the end, marrying him just hours before the two committed suicide, as the Russian army closed in on the city of Berlin, in their bunker, deep beneath the chancellory.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Eva_berghof.jpg/200px-Eva_berghof.jpg
Eva Braun and Adolph Hitler on
the veranda of the Berghof retreat.

...in 1945, the 45th Division of the U.S. 7th Army liberated Dachau, the first concentration camp opened by the Nazi Party in 1933. In the early years, Dachau held political prisoners, mostly communists and opponents of the Nazi party. The population increased as the Nazis rounded up Jehovah's Witnesses, gypsies and homosexuals. In 1938, the Nazis began to inter Jews. The camp was a training center for concentration camp guards and was the model followed by other camps. Inmates were used for medical experiments, being injected with malaria and tuberculosis and treated with experimental drugs. Others were used to test methods of making sea water potable. Hundreds of inmates died from these experiments. Other were used as forced labor to make munitions. When prisoners became too weak to work or be useful as lab mice, they were transferred to an extermination center near Linz, Austria. As the Americans approached, many guards simply fled. The Americans found 30 rail cars full of bodies in various states of decomp. The camp contained more bodies and at least 30,000 living ghosts. The citizens of the town of Dachau were conscripted to bury the dead. At least 32,000 people died in the camp, even more were shipped out to extermination camps.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Dachau_never_again.jpg/250px-Dachau_never_again.jpg
"Never Again" in 5 languages, at a
memorial in Dachau.

...in 2004, the National World War II Memorial finally opened in Washington, D.C. to thousands of visitors. The memorial was long overdue for the Greatest Generation and the 16 million men and women who served in the war. The memorial is located on the former site of the Rainbow Pool on the National Mall, about halfway between the Lincoln and Washington Monuments. The federal government put up $16 million for the memorial fund, and private donations or more than $164 million made the memorial possible. Unfortunately, few of the 16 million veterans will ever see it. Only four million of them were still alive at the time of the dedication and 1,100 more veterans die every day. Roger Durbin of Berkley, Ohio proposed the memorial to Rep. Marcy Kapture who, in turn, sponsored a bill to build the memorial. The process took 17 years of red tape to be completed, Durbin passed away four years before its completion. Spokesmen for the memorial included Senator Bob Dole (who was severely injured in the war) and Tom Hanks. The memorial was dedicated by President George W. Bush. It is open 24 hours and receives over 4 million visitors each year.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/98/Natww2.jpg/180px-Natww2.jpg
The WWII Memorial and Lincoln Memorial
from the top of the Washington Memorial.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/World_War_2_Memorial.jpg/200px-World_War_2_Memorial.jpg
Each of the 4,048 stars represent
100 Americans who died in the war.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/13/Wwiimemorial.jpg/280px-Wwiimemorial.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 89 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1789, George Washington was inaugurated as the first President of the United States in a ceremony in New York City. In February, all 69 electors chose Washington to be the first POTUS, in March the US Constitution went into effect and in April, Washington was inaugurated. He said, "I walk on untrodden ground. There is scarcely any part of my conduct which may not hereafter be drawn in precedent." In fact, he refused to run for a third term to prevent any appearance of being a president for life, a precident that was followed until Franklin Delano Roosevelt crushed it in 1940. Washington retired to Mount Vernon in 1797 and died just two years later. Henry Lee made the famous eulogy where he said that Washington was "First in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gilbert_Stuart_Williamstown_Portrait_of_George_Was hington.jpg/225px-Gilbert_Stuart_Williamstown_Portrait_of_George_Was hington.jpg
First POTUS, George Washington,
was inaugurated on this day in 1789.

...in 1976, South Viet Nam surrendered to North Viet Nam, bringing the long civil war to an end. North Vietnamese Col. Bui Tin accepted the surrender and said, "You have nothing to fear. Between Vietnamese there are no victors and no vanquished. Only the Americans have been beaten."

...in 1803, The Louisiana Purchase was completed between representatives of the United States and Napoleon Bonaparte's France. The French territory consisted of 828,800 square miles and was purchased at a cost of $15,000,000.00. The territory today encompasses portions of 14 states and 2 Canadian provinces and comprises about 23% of the United States. Napoleon needed the cash more than he needed the land. President Jefferson was uncomfortable with both Spain and France being within reach of blocking American access to New Orleans. Bonaparte was always uncomfortable with England. Upon completion of the Vente de la Louisiane, Napoleon said, "This accession of territory affirms forever the power of the United States, and I have given England a maritime rival who sooner or later will humble her pride." (The deal was brokered by Baring and Company of London. The original bill of sale was posted in the entrance hall at Baring's until 1995 when the bank collapsed. The document is now held by ING Group, the holders of Baring and Company.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/National-atlas-1970-1810-loupurchase-1.png
The United States in 1803 superimposed
over the modern US map.

...in 1925, Dodge Brothers, Inc., makers of the Dodge automobile, was sold to Dillon, Read & Company for $196 million ($50 million went to charity.) It was the largest single cash sale in the history of the US. Dodge still held a strong position in the marketplace on the Dodge Brothers reputation for quality and reliablilty. John and Horace Dodge, founders of the company, were also initial investors in the Ford Motor Company in 1903, their machine shop supplying axles and transmissions to the ledgling company. In 1914, they began to build their own automobiles, and in 1919, they sold their stock in Ford and became multi-millonaires. They both died unexpectedly in 1920, but the family knew nothing about running an automobile company and sold the operation. Walter P. Chrylser would buy the company in 1924 for $166 million and make it into a key component of the Chrysler Coporation.

http://www.allpar.com/cars/dodge/photos/1914_Dodge.jpg
John and Horace Dodge in a 1914 Dodge Brothers Tourer.

...in 1939, the New York World's Fair opened to great fanfare, including President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and New York Governor Herbert Lehman making speeches on television.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ab/1939fairhelicline.jpg/275px-1939fairhelicline.jpg
The most lasting image of the fair was called the
Tryon, Perisphere and Helicline.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/PRR_S1.jpg/180px-PRR_S1.jpg
The Pennsylvania Railroad ran the PRR-1, a
streamlined steam loco continuously at 60 mph, on a
dynomometer, when the fair was open.

...in 1945, holed up in Der Führerbunker (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BChrerbunker) in Berlin, Adoph Hitler and Eva Braun committed suicide rather than surrender to the Russian army that was sweeping into Berlin. Not long after, Germany surrendered to the Allies. It was the end of the Third and "One Thousand Year Reich." While the German Wehrmacht had swept through Europe in the early days of Hitler's "Blitzkrieg" or Lightning War, by 1943, it was clear that the war was going to be lost. The German army suffered a horrendous loss at the Battle of Stalingrad in February and in 1944, the successful Allied landing in Normandy began to chase the German army back to Berlin. It was already obvious the war was lost, and several of Hitler's staff conspired to assassinate him. As luck would have it, Hitler dodged the attempt and executed over 4,000 countrymen in reprisal. With the Soviet army about to enter Berlin, Hitler and Braun took poison and Hitler shot himself in the head with his sidearm. The two bodies were hastily cremated. The story, or legend anyway, is that the Soviet army collected the ashes and moved them around for years to prevent any kind of memorial being built on Hitler's grave. No one is really sure where those ashes are, and there is some speculation the ashes are not those of Hitler, anyway. On May 8, 1945, Germany unconditionally surrendered to be carved up by the Allied parties, and as World War II drew to a close in Europe, a cold war began that would last for over 4 decades. (Bernd Freytag von Loringhoven escaped from the bunker after discussing two possible escape routes. The one he chose was approved by Hitler himself, but von Loringhoven was captured by the British. The possibility of Hitler escaping the bunker seems very remote.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-V04744%2C_Berlin%2C_Garten_der_zerst%C3%B6rte_Reic hskanzlei.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-V04744%2C_Berlin%2C_Garten_der_zerst%C3%B6rte_Reic hskanzlei.jpg
The entrance to Der Führerbunker at the conclusion of the war and...

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-M1204-319%2C_Berlin%2C_Reichskanzlei%2C_gesprengter_F%C3 %BChrerbunker.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-M1204-319%2C_Berlin%2C_Reichskanzlei%2C_gesprengter_F%C3 %BChrerbunker.jpg
...after the Soviets got done with it in 1947.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 35 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1960, pilot Francis Gary Powers was shot down over the Soviet Union. He was flying a U-2 spy plane that was thought to be out of range of Soviet anti-aircraft missiles. The U-2 was a technological marvel, a product of the "skunk works," a secret organization at Lockheed that developed highly secret aircraft. The U-2 was able to cruise at 70,000 feet, and with superb optics in high altitude cameras, the U-2 was an ideal intelligence colletor. No one was aware of the plane until Powers was shot down. He was supposed to have taken a cyanide capsule and destroyed the airplane, but for some reason, he was not able to do so. The CIA assured President Dwight Eisenhower that the plane would self destruct and Powers would kill himself. Based on that info, the president issued a statement that a weather airplane had strayed off course and crashed in the Soviet Union. The Soviets captured Powers very much alive along with the nearly intact debris of his plane. It was very embarrassing to President Eisenhower and derailed peace talks that had been scheduled between Eisenhower and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev. Powers was released in 1962 in a prisoner exchange, although, the U-2 program continued, in fact, variations of the U-2 are still in use. A U-2 took the photographs of Soviet missiles in Cuba that launched the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1963.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Usaf.u2.750pix.jpg/300px-Usaf.u2.750pix.jpg
Lockheed U-2R in flight

...in 1963, James Whittaker of Redmond, Washington climbed Mount Everest, the first American to reach the summit of the tallest mountain in the world. At 29,028 feet above sea level, the mountain is called Chomo-Lungma (Mother Goddess of the Land) but was named in England for the 19th Century surveyor of the mountain range. The first successful ascent of the peak was by Edmund Hillary of New Zealand, who was later knighted for the feat.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Everest_kalapatthar_crop.jpg/285px-Everest_kalapatthar_crop.jpg
Mount Everest

...in 1931, the Empire State Building was dedicated in New York City, with President Herbert Hoover pushing a button in Washtington, D.C. to light the building. It was the world's tallest buidling at the time, and for many years afterward. (After the collapse of the WTC on 9/11/2001, it became the tallest building in New York again.) The Art Deco spire was supposed to be a dirigible mooring point, until someone figured out that disembarking passengers 102 stories above New York wasn't such a bright idea. Today, the spire is a broadcast antenna. On July 28, 1945 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index259.html#post515503), a B-25 Mitchell bomber flew into the building. Through its storied history, it remains the icon that means "New York City."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Empire_State_Building_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/250px-Empire_State_Building_by_David_Shankbone.jpg

...in 1941, Orson Welles released his masterpiece, Citizen Kane at the RKO Palace in New York. The film was under fire from William Randolph Hearst who tried in vain to supress the film. It was generally thought that Kane was the story of Hearst. He did not allow any of his newspapers to carry advertising for the movie. Welles was born in Kenosha, Wisconsin and grew up in Chicago. He was well versed in Shakespeare by the time he got to high school. He took up acting in Europe but was unable to land any work in the United States, so he returned to Europe. When he returned again, he landed the role of Tybalt in Romeo and Juliet which led to more work. In 1937, he founded the Mercury Theater with John Houseman and in 1938, the Mercury Theater's radio broadcast of The War of the Worlds was so realistic than many people thought Martians had, in fact, invaded New Jersey. Citizen Kane was made when Welles was only 25, it did not make any money. However, the lighting and camera angles were so different from anything before that it set a pace for Film Noir and earned the top spot on the American Film Institute's 1998 list of America's best films. Well, what do you think of that, Rosebud?

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f9/Kanepremiere.jpg/180px-Kanepremiere.jpg
The Premier in 1941

...in 1967, Elvis Presley married 21 year old Priscilla Beaulieu. (She was days shy of her 22nd birthday.) They met in 1959, when he was serving in Germany and the 14 year old's father was serving in the Air Force. With her father's permission, she moved into Graceland in 1960 and under the eye of Elvis' father, attended Immaculate Conception High School in Memphis. Elvis and Priscilla married in 1967, daughter Lisa Marie was born in February 1968. Elvis and Priscilla would divorce in 1973, and when Elvis died in 1977, he left his entire estate to Lisa Marie.

http://www.elvispresleynews.com/images/wedding03.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 87 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1933, the modern legend of the Loch Ness Monster was born. Actually, the legend of Nessie goes back about 1500 years with the earliest reference being from about 500 A.D. when images of the creature were carved into stones around the Loch. About 565 Saint Columba, the Irish Missionary who brought Christianity to Scotland, wrote about a large creature that was killing people in the Loch. Saint Columba commaned that the creature retreat, in the name of God, and Nessie has not killed anyone since. Well, so goes the legend, anyway. In 1933, the Inverness Courier reported that a local couple had seen the monster (the word was chosen by the editor of the Courier) and the Loch Ness Monster being a celebrity. Loch Ness is the largest body of freshwater in the British Isles. It is very deep and very murky, visibility at depth is nill. Sonar and other tests are constantly in use to capture Nessie, but she remains elusive. (Nessie has her own website, which you can visit: Legend of Nessie (http://www.nessie.co.uk/).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/Lochnessmonster.jpg/180px-Lochnessmonster.jpg
The "Surgeon's Photo" of Nessie, the enduring image of
Nessie, was published in 1934. It was proven a hoax in 1994.

...in 1918, General Motors acquired the Chevrolet Motor Company. It was actually a power play by GM founder, Billy Durant. Durant had been forced out of his control of GM in 1910 when shareholders were upset with is expansionist policies. Durant aligned himself with race driver, Louis Chevrolet, to build economical cars to compete with the market's most dominant automobile, the Ford Model T. Durant offered GM stockholders a five-for-one deal, and with the success of Chevrolet, it was too good of an offer to pass up. As a result of the deal, Durant regained control of GM, which he would hold until the 1920s.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Louis_Chevrolet_in_a_Buick_s055205.jpg/250px-Louis_Chevrolet_in_a_Buick_s055205.jpg
Louis Chevrolet in a Buick racer, taken in
Crown Point, Indiana in 1909

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/00/Louischevroletbig.jpg/250px-Louischevroletbig.jpg
Louis Chevrolet Memorial at Indianapolis. He raced
four times at Indy, his best finish was 7th place. His
younger brother, Gaston, won the Indy 500 in 1920 in
a car that Louis built.


...in 1939, Henry Louis "Lou" Gehrig ended his record streak of 2,130 games. He benched himself for his poor play, which was caused by anyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) now more commonly known as Lou Gehrig's Desease. He never played again. Born Ludwig Heinrich Gehrig, he was a college star who signed with the Yankees in 1923 but never played until 1925. He stepped in at first base when the first baseman, Wally Pipp,, benched himself with a headache. He never set foot on the field again, as Gehrig played in 2,130 consecutive games over 13 years. To this day, when one is replaced for good, he is said to have been "Wally Pipped." On July 4, 1939, the Yankees hosted Lou Gehrig Day at Yankee Stadium. Over 60,000 fans and old teammates were there to honor him. After remarks by Babe Ruth, in part of his speech, he told Yankee fans that "Today, I consider myself the luckiest man on the face of the earth." He died on June 2, 1941.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5a/Lou_Gehrig_HoF.jpg/200px-Lou_Gehrig_HoF.jpg
Lou Gehreig (1903-1941)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There was one development, sort-of, in Paige's case yesterday. There has been a bill pending in Colorado for some time about abolishing the death penalty. The plan is to channel the money currently spent on death row litigation into cold case investigations. Frank Birgfeld, Paige's father, is quoted in the article, which you can see here (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/news-colorado-re-cold-case-investigations-52238/#post645659), or on the site of the CBS Affiliate in Denver (http://cbs4denver.com/coloradowire/22.0.html?type=local&state=CO&category=n&filename=CO--DeathPenalty-Colo.xml). Kudos to CBS for keeping Paige's story in the forefront.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 104 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1986, at the age of 54, Willie Shoemaker, riding 18 to 1 long shot Ferdinand, became the oldest jockey to win the Kentucky Derby. It was one of his career wins of 8,833 victories, a record that stood until 1999. William Lee Shoemaker was a premature baby, born in 1931. Doctors didn't think he'd live the night, but he did, even though he grew to a height of 4'11" and he weighed 98 pounds.. He ran his first professional horse race at the age of 17 and became known for his skill with horses. "Shoe" seldom used a whip and relied on communicating with the horse through the harness and bit. He won 11 Triple Crown races (four Kentucky Derbys, two wins at the Preakness Stakes and five Belmont Stakes) but he never won the Triple Crown itself. In addition, he placed (second) or showed (third) in 14 more Triple Crown races. His last victory was on January 20, 1990 at Gulfstream Park in Florida. He won 8,833 races out of the 40,350 that he ran in his career. After he retired, a car accident left him paralyzed from the neck down but he still worked with horses from a wheelchair. He died at his home in California in 2003.

http://www.nndb.com/people/920/000099623/willie-shoemaker-1.jpg
William Lee "Wille the Shoe" Shoemaker (1931-2003)

https://www.msu.edu/%7Eritchieh/historical/wiltchamberlain_schoemaker.jpg
The long and the short of it...
Willie Shoemaker and Wilt Chamberlain

...in 1469, Italian philosopher and author, Niccolo Machiavelli was born in Florence. He was a patriot and life-long proponent of Italian unity. His work in politics and his writing made him the father of modern political science. As a member of the Florence politcal family, he found himself in diplomatic missions with Louis XII of France, Pope Julius II, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I and most importantly, the prince of the Papal States named Cesare Borgia. Borgia was the inspiration for Machivelli's central character in his later book, The Prince. The book was published after his death, but was widely read. Borgia lived by the philosophy that the end justifies the means, he was an amoral, calculating tyrant. Though it was the character, Borgia, who was the cruel tyrant, Machiavelli became associated with the theory that the end justifies the means and, to this day, the term "Machiavellian" is used to describe anyone who undertakes an action, regardless of it being right or wrong.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Santi_di_Tito_-_Niccolo_Machiavelli%27s_portrait_headcrop.jpg/200px-Santi_di_Tito_-_Niccolo_Machiavelli%27s_portrait_headcrop.jpg
Nicollo Machiavelli, ca. 1500

...in 1937, Gone With the Wind was awarded the Pulitzer Prize. The book was published in 1936 and sold one million copies in the first six months. It sold more than 12 million copies over the next 30 years, making it the one of the best selling books of all times. The David O. Selznick feature film made from the book in 1939 also became one of the most profitable of all time.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Margaret_Mitchell_NYWTS.jpg/200px-Margaret_Mitchell_NYWTS.jpg
Margaret Mitchell (1900-1949)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 103 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1626, while looking for the Northwest Passage, Peter Minuet discovered an island that would later be called Manhattan.

https://4newyork.wiki.ccsd.edu/file/view/peter_Minuet.jpg

...in 1994, Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat reached an agreement in Cairo for the first stage of Palestinian self-rule. The agreement grew out of the Oslo Accords, signed in Washington, D.C. in the fall of 1993. It was the first time that Palestine acknowledged Israel's right to exist and was supposed to set a pattern for future relations. Israel agreed to withdraw troops from 60% of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank town of Jericho, land that was captured by Israel during the Six-Day War in 1967. The Palestinians agreed to combat terrorism. In the last several years, we've seen how well that worked, haven't we? Israeli critics of the deal call "Land for Peace" is in reality, "Land for Nothing."

http://news.bbc.co.uk/media/images/39258000/jpg/_39258241_arafatrabin_ap_238.jpg
Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and
PLO Leader Yasser Arafta shake hands as
President Bill Clinton looks on.

...in 1975, Harry Moses Horwitz died in Hollywood, ending a long show business career. He was born in the Brownsville neighborhood of Brooklyn, the fourth of five Horwitz boys of Levite and Lithuanian Jewish ancestry. His parents were not in show business, but Harry and his older brother, Samuel and younger brother, Jerome, would become world-famous as members of a group known as The Three Stooges. He took the childhood nickname, Moe, from his brothers and he did pretty well in school due to his prodigious memory. He would sneak out of school and con his way into theaters, where he would sit in the balcony with his chin resting on the railing, watching, completely enthralled. He dropped out of high school to pursue a career in show business, acting in bit parts in early movies. (A fire in the studio destroyed all of those early works.) In Vaudeville, he teamed up with Ted Healy in an act known as "Ted Healy and His Stooges." Brother Samuel, as Shemp, sat in the audience one night. Moe saw him and yelled, the two heckled each other all night to the delight of the audience. Healy hired Shemp to be part of the act. Later, brother Jerome, shaved his beautiful auburn mustache and shaved his head, joining the act as Curly. Moe married Helen Schonberger, cousin of Harry Houdini. Eventually, Ted Healy moved on and the act became known as The Three Stooges. Moe assumed the role of the bullying ring leader, the antitheses of the real Moe, a kind and gentle man. At Columbia, the Stooges made 190 short features that continue to run on television to this day, keeping the Stooges alive.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1e/Horowitzmosesphoto.jpg/180px-Horowitzmosesphoto.jpg
Moe Howard (1897-1975)

...in 1929, Audrey Hepburn-Ruston was born near Brussels. The Brussels' sprout was the daughter of an English banker and a Dutch baroness. Her father abandoned the family when she was six and her mother returned to Holland, thinking it would be safer there. Of course, it wasn't, and the Nazis occupied Holland. Hepburn-Ruston continued to take ballet and she smuggled messages to the Resistance in her ballet shoes. After the war, she continued to study ballet in London but also took up acting. (She dropped the "Ruston" from her name as she started her acting career.) In 1951, she met the French writer, Colette, who insisted her new friend be cast, on Broadway, as her lead, Gigi, in the play of the same name. She recieved so much attention from her role that she was cast as the lead in the delightful 1953 film Roman Holiday for which she won an academy award. She went on to star in several strong films, most notably Sabrina opposite the mis-casting of Humphrey Bogart, The Nun's Story, Truman Capote's masterpiece, Breakfast at Tiffany's and the stunningly beautiful My Fair Lady. Hepburn's singing was dubbed by Marni Nixon (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marni_Nixon), "The Ghostess with the Mostess," probably the most prolific and unrecognized singer in Hollywood. When the traditional veil of secrecy was lifted and word got out about the dubbing, Hepburn did not receive an Oscar nomination for the very demanding role. Hepburn went into semi-retirement after the film Wait Until Dark and moved to Europe, where she became involved and several do-gooder causes. After her experiences in WWII, she found it important to continue in her humanitarian work. Hepburn died in 1993 and in 1994, was posthumously awarded the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

http://www.geocities.com/audreyhepburn6/audrey_hepburn.jpg
Audrey Hepburn, 1929-1993

...in 1970, 100 National Guardsmen opened fire into a group of student protesters at Kent State University in Ohio, wounding 11 and killing four outright. The protest was sparked by an announcement from President Richard Nixon that US and South Vietnamese forces had been ordered in Cambodia to eliminate North Vietnamese bases located there. At Kent State, protesters torched the ROTC building. Governor James Rhodes called ou the National Guard to restore order. The troops were being harassed by the protesters and the gunshots erupted. Later, severl guardsmen were brought to trial but there were no convictions. President Nixon deplored the shootings but added, "When dissent turns to violence it invites tragedy." The incident sparked thousands more protests across the country and inspired Neil Young to write the Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young song, Ohio,

Tin soldiers and Nixon coming,
We're finally on our own.
This summer I hear the drumming,
Four dead in Ohio.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/65/Kent_State_massacre.jpg
John Filo's Pulitzer Prize photo became the iconic image
of the Kent State shootings. Fourteen year old runaway,
Mary Ann Vecchio, knelt over the body of Jeffrey Miller
after being shot by the National Guard. This is the un-retouched
original. In published versions, the fence post in the background,
appearing to be stuck in Vecchio's head, was removed.

...in 1979, Margaret Thatcher was sworn in as Britain's first female prime minister. The chemist and lawyer, educated at Oxford, was born in Grantham, England in 1925. She made an unsuccessful run at Parliament in 1950, but after marriage and giving birth to twins, she re-entered politics in 1959 and was elected to Parliament. She rose quickly through the Conservative Party and became the party leader in 1975. In 1975, she was sworn into the office of Prime Minister the day after the Conservatives won a majority in Parliament.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Margaret_Thatcher.png/220px-Margaret_Thatcher.png
The Right Honorable Baroness Margaret Thatcher
Being powerful is like being a lady. If you have to
tell people you are, you aren't.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 113 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1961, America made its first major step in the space race with Russia by launching the manned space flight from Cape Canaveral. Navy Commander Alan Shepard, Jr. rode his Freedom 7 Mercury capsule to space in a 15 minute up-and-down flight, 116 miles into space and 302 miles downrange to successful splash down in the Atlantic Ocean. It was a major success for the fledgling National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (NASA.) America had found itself behind the Russians in a space race, started when the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite, Sputnik on October 4, 1957. It simply sent out a radio signal, a beep, but it proved that the Soviet Union had the capability of launching a missile with intercontinental reach. (Sputnik re-entered the atmosphere and burned up on January 4, 1958.) Soviet Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index275.html#post639395) made the first successful manned space flight in Vostok 1 and orbited the earth three times. Soviet Premier Nikita Khruschev derided the flight as "flea hop" compared to the flight of Vostok 1. The Americans continued to trail the Soviets in the space race, however, in the late 1960s, that all changed. After recovery from the fatal accident aboard Apollo 1 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-january-27-2009-a-48876/), one success of the Apollo program was followed by another success, putting NASA well ahead in the space race. The culmination was the first landing on the moon on July 20, 1969 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index259.html#post508383). It all started with Nikita Khruschev's "Flea hop" of Alan Shepard on this date in 1961.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Mercury_3.jpg/250px-Mercury_3.jpg
Launch of the Mercury-Redstone 3, carrying
Alan Shepard in the Freedom 7capsule. The
Redstone Rocket was bascially an improved version
of the WWII German V-2 rocket, brought to America by
Wehrner von Braun and his staff.

...in 1862, the outnumbered Mexican army, under General Ignacio Zaragoza, successfully defended the Puebla de Los Angeles from a French invasion. In 1861, Benito Juarez had become the president of Mexico, a country in financial ruin. He defaulted on loans from the European powers, and the British, Spanish and French governments sent naval forces to collect. Britain and Spain negotiated settlements, but Napoleon saw an opportunity to create a French empire in Mexico. The rag-tag army of 2,000 faced a well-equipped French force of 6,000 but the Texan-born General Zaragoza prepared the Puebla and dug in for the invasion. The victory proved that Mexico could defend itself. Puebla de Los Angeles was renamed Puebla de Zaragoza in honor of the general and today, the battle is celebrated as Cinco de Mayo, a holiday in the state of Puebla and in many Mexican settlements around the world. In fact, a 2007 paper published by the UCLA Center for the Study of Latino Health and Culture said, "The holiday, which has been celebrated in California continuously since 1863, is virtually ignored in Mexico."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cinco_de_mayo_bush.jpg/300px-Cinco_de_mayo_bush.jpg
President George W. Bush greets Cinco de Mayo dancers.

...in 1945, the only Americans civilians to die on American soil during World War II were killed in Lakeview, Oregon by a Japanese balloon. The Japanese had attempted a few attacks on the American mainland, first by submarines and later by balloons that carried indindiaries and explosives. The balloons were launched from the Japanese home islands and carried across the Pacific Ocean by jet stream currents. Mrs. Elsie Mitchell (26) and five children from her neighborhood were on a church outing with Reverend Archie Mitchell died when they tried to pull a downed balloon from the woods and it exploded. The children were Edward Engen (13) Sherman Shoemaker (11) Jay Gifford (13) and Richard (14) and Ethel (13) Patzke. The last remaining balloon bomb was found in 1955, but authorities believe there may be more of the bombs located in remote mountain and wooded locations. As crude a weapon as they were, the balloons were surprisingly effective carriers, although they caused relatively little damage. The balloons landed up and down the west coast from Alaska to Mexico, some reaching as far as South Dakota and Michigan, one made it to the outskirts of Detroit.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Japanese_fire_balloon_moffet.jpg/180px-Japanese_fire_balloon_moffet.jpg
A fire balloon, shot down, disarmed and reinflated.

...in 1955, the Federal Republic of Germany became a soverign state as the Allied nations of France, Great Britain and the United States ended their occupation that had begun at the end of WWII in 1945. Commonly called West Germany, the nation was allowed to rearm and join NATO. Although prohibited from developing nuclear or chemical weapons. The Soviet Union, which occupied the eastern half of Germany, was not pleased with West Germany becoming an armed and sovereign nation, were pleased that talk of reunification had come to an end. The Soviet Union formally recognized the Federal Republic of Germany. The two Germanys remained separated until the fall of the Soviet Union and in 1990, Germany became a single democratic nation.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Deutschland_Bundeslaender_1957.png/180px-Deutschland_Bundeslaender_1957.png
GDR (West Germany) in blue and East Germany (red) with
Berlin (gold) before reunification in 1990.

...in 1904, Cy Young threw a perfect game for the Boston Red Sox against the Detroit Tigers, pitching against Rube Waddell, a future Hall of Fame'r himself. It was the first perfect game of the modern era, the last perfect game had been thrown in 1880 by John Montgomery Ward. (No, he did not start a department store.) Denton True Young started his professional baseball career in the football town of Canton, Ohio. In Cleveland, his teammates called him "Cyrus" as a dig at his rural roots. It soon became "Cy" which soon became short for "Cyclone" from the way he pitched. He lost his last game to a rookie named Grover Cleveland Alexander who would also become one of the greatest pitchers in baseball history. Cy Young retired at the end of the 1911 season with 511 wins, a record that still stands along with many others. He had five 30 win seasons, 749 complete games and threw three no-hitters, including the perfect game. The Cy Young Award is presented to the best pitcher in baseball each season.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Young_Cy_1_MLB_HOF.jpg
Cy Young (1867-1955

...in 1921, Coco Chanel introduced Chanel No. 5. It received its famous name as a result of perfumer Ernest Beaux being contracted to make six formulae for Coco Chanel to choose from. The samples were labeled No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 etc. and it was the 5th formula she chose. The perfume was originally available in three strengths, Parfum, Eau de Toilette and Eau de Cologne. In the late 1980s, Eau de Parfum was introduced and Eau de Cologne discontinued. It remains one of the most popular frangrances of all time, and the company estimates that a bottle is sold worldwide every 55 seconds.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/ce/Chanel_No_5.jpg/200px-Chanel_No_5.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 99 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1937, the dirigible Hindenburg burst into flames when it touched its mooring mast in Lakehurst, New Jersey. 36 passengers and crew members perished in the fire. The Hindenburg was the largest dirigible ever built and the pride of the Nazi airship fleet. The first lighter-than-air ship was built in France by Henri Giffard in 1852. The Germans developed a rigid airframe ship, often called a zeppelin after its inventor, Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin. The German zeppelin was lighter than the French airships but used hydrogen, a highly explosive gas. The Graf Zeppelin began passenger service in 1929 and flew around the world, inspiring the construction of the Hindenburg, larger than the Graf Zeppelin. The exact cause of the disaster is unknown, but it is assumed that a static spark ignited the hydrogen. Newscaster Herb Morrison was in Lakehurst for a newsreel voiceover when the disaster occurred. His description was rushed to New York to be a part of the first nationwide news broadcasts. You can watch the crash and hear Morrison's description here on You Tube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pUVDmXvXcbk&feature=related).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Hindenburg_burning.jpg/260px-Hindenburg_burning.jpg
The Hindenburg Crash

...in 1928, Walter P. Chrysler introduced the DeSoto as a new brand. It was a six cylinder automobile, strategically placed between the Chrysler 8 and the Dodge 4 cylinder models. It offered several features never offered in a low price automobile before. DeSoto sold 80,000 cars in its first year. In 1934, the revolutionary Airflow changed the design of automobiles. The obvious feature was the streamlining, although the design remains controversial to this day. The engine was moved over the front axle for the first time, allowing the rear seat to be located further forward and ahead of the rear axle. Most rear seats were over the rear axle, and moving the seat forward made a much more comfortable ride for rear seat passengers. The Airflow also utilized smaller wheels with larger tires, also softening the ride. The last DeSoto was produced in 1960, at the end of the late 50s design fascination with huge fins, of which DeSoto was a master of excess.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/%2729_DeSoto_%28Auto_classique%29.JPG/180px-%2729_DeSoto_%28Auto_classique%29.JPGhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1a/DeSoto1961.jpg/250px-DeSoto1961.jpg
The Alpha (1929) and Omega (1961) of the DeSoto family of cars.

http://oldcarandtruckpictures.com/Airflow/1934_DeSoto_Airflow_Coach.jpg
The ground-breaking 1934 DeSoto Airflow

...in 1954, medical student Roger Bannister became the first person to run the mile in under four minutes. He ran the mile in 3:59.4, which was promptly broken by Australian John Landy who beat Bannister's time by less than one second. The press instantly labeled the two as rivals, and they happened to meet at the British Empire Games in Vancouver, BC. Landy led the entire race, but Bannister out-sprinted him to the finish line, beating Landy 3:58.6 to 3:58.8. Bannister went on to finish his medical studies. Dr. Bannister was knighted in 1975. Sir Roger Bannister served as the director of the Nation Hospital for Nervous Diseases in London.

http://www.achievement.org/achievers/ban0/headers/ban0_image.gif

...in 1933, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt began to brew his alphabet soup of federal agencies with the creation of the Works Progress Administration. The WPA was just one of FDR's make-work agencies. At the height of the Great Depression, FDR wanted to distribute funds to Americans but he felt it was better if people would work rather than accept handouts. The Civil Works Administration (CWA) was created in 1933 but ceased operation in 1934 because of great opposition. However, other agencies included the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) the National Recovery Administration (NRA) and the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA.) There was no end to the alphabet soup, as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) came into being, as did the Federal Housing Authority (FHA) the Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) the Public Works Administration (PWA) the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Rural Electrification Administration (REA) and the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB.) The Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) paid farmers to not grow crops. Critics of the largest agency, the WPA, had several entertaining names for it. Projects often crawled to a stop as foremen had no power to fire anyone, so the agency became known as We Poke Along, We Piddle Along, oR the Whistle Piss and Argue gang. Harper Lee wrote in To Kill a Mockingbird[/] that Bob Ewell was "the only person fired from the WPA for laziness." Much of FDR's alphabet soup is still with us, like the SSA or Social Security Act. You may see many of them return over the next three years, too.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f4/Usa-wpa-graphic.jpg/180px-Usa-wpa-graphic.jpg

[I]That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 75 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1789, President George Washington attended a ball in New York City, given in his honor, to commemorate his inauguration on April 30. It started a tradition that continues today, although it has grown considerably. Martha Washington was unable to attend, she was back in Mount Vernon, tending to business affairs. President Washington arrived with other statesmen and their wives. It is reported that he danced with many of the New York socialites and the wives and daughters of visiting dignitaries. Eliza Hamilton, wife of Alexander, wrote in her memoirs that President Washington seemed to prefer the minuet, a dance, she said, "...suited to his dignity and gravity." John Adams and Thomas Jefferson held informal gatherings but Dolly Madison, ever the showy type, threw a formal ball for 400 guests and the precedent was set. In 1957, President Eisenhower had 15 balls to attend and today, inaugurated presidents make whirlwind tours of the many balls held in Washington on January 20 every four years. The record, not surprisingly, is held by Bill Clinton who attended 15 inaugural balls in 1997.

...in 1915, a German U-boat sank the British luxury liner Lusitania causing the deaths of 1,198 of 1,959 passengers, 128 of them Americans. In 1914, when the War to End All Wars had broken out, the United States declared and maintained neutrality. Great Britain, however, was a close American ally and was under great strain. In March of 1915, a German cruiser sank the William P. Frye, a private American vessel carrying grain to England. President Woodrow Wilson was outraged. The Germans apologized. In August 1916, the Germans promised to look after passengers, but in November, a U-boat sank an Italian liner, killing 272 people, including 27 Americans. The tide of public opinion was turning against the Germans, and in January 1917, the Germans announced the return of unrestricted warfare. The United States broke off diplomatic relations and hours later, a U-boat sank the Housatonic, luckily, all Americans were rescued by a British steamer. In February 1917, British intelligence officers intercepted a communique that has become known as the Zimmerman Note. In it, Germany asked Mexico to enter the war as an ally and in return, Germany would restore Texas, New Mexico and Arizona to Mexico. The memo was published, galvanizing Americans against Germany. In March, the Germans sank four more American ships and on April 4, the Senate voted 82-6 to declare war, on April 5, the House voted 373 to 50, and America formally entered the war. It took awhile for General "Black Jack" Pershing to get to Europe, but the American entry into the war turned the tide and sealed Germany's fate.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e8/Lusitania_1907.jpg/250px-Lusitania_1907.jpg
The Lusitania arriving in New York on her maiden voyage, September 1907.

...in 1896, one of the most heinous serial killers of all time was hanged in Philadelphia. Although his exploits occurred about the same time as Jack the Ripper, few people know about the Arch Fiend, Dr H.H. Holmes. Herman Mudgett was born in New Hampshire and began torturing animals as a child. He attended the University of Michigan and graduated with a medical degree. Dr. Holmes moved to Chicago in 1886 and began work as a pharmacist for Dr. E.S. Holton's pharmacy on the south side. He bought the pharmacy from the widow after the owner's death. She mysteriously disappeared afterward, with Dr. Holmes explaining that the grieving widow took her new found wealth and took an extended vacation in California. The experienced confidence man then played a number of cons to raise enough funds to build a mansion across the street from the pharmacy. The place was called "The Castle" by locals and he hired and fired numerous contractors over the course of construction, so that no one would know the building's secrets. It was laced with secret passages, fake walls, trap doors, shafts to the basement, rooms with doors that only opened from the outside, doors that opened to brick walls, a gas tank with pipes set into bedrooms and an elaborate dissection laboratory in the basement. He had controls built into his bedroom that allowed him to fill any of the bedrooms with gas. Holmes build a vault in his office in which he would lock victims, listening to them scream then suffocate He opened The Mansion to out of town guests who came to attend the Columbian Exposition, just blocks away from his "hotel." People who rented rooms from him, especially attractive young women, began to disappear. He financed much of his exploits by selling organs and skeletons to medical schools but no one ever seemed to think to ask him how he came by his anatomy cadavers. He had two crematorium furnaces, acid baths and a lime pit as ways of disposing of his victim's bodies. He also performed illegal abortions in an operating room where many patients died, their bodies disposed of in his usual fashion. After the Columbian Exposition closed and the economy slowed, Holmes found himself short of cash. With creditors and the authorities closing in, Holmes fled for Texas. He was about to construct a new castle when he decided the law enforcement community in Texas was not to his liking. He traveled the country, leaving a trail of bodies and finally, the Pinkertons captured him in Boston on a Philadelphia warrant. About the same time, authorities closed in on the Chicago castle and found the grizzly remains of many unidentifiable bodies. His story is told in the Erik Larson book, Devil in the White City which tells the juxtaposed stories of the grandiose 1893 Columbian Exposition and the exploits of Dr. Holmes. I highly recommend the book, which is available from libraries, Amazon (http://www.amazon.com/Devil-White-City-Madness-Changed/dp/0375725601/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241450615&sr=1-1) and other retailers. (He took his name, ironically, from a famous detective novel. While he admitted to 27 murders, it is more likely that his body total is in the hundreds. Over 100 murders can be linked to him and some estimates range as high as 230. It could even be higher but no one really knows. The Castle mysteriously burned to the ground and today, the site is occupied by a post office - make up your own joke.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/H.H.Holmes.gif
Would you rent a room from this man?
It wasn't a very good idea to do so.

http://g-ecx.images-amazon.com/images/G/01/ciu/25/9b/1e40793509a0bdfc3b393110.L.jpg (http://www.amazon.com/Devil-White-City-Madness-Changed/dp/0375725601/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241450615&sr=1-1)

...in 1945, Germany signed the unconditional surrender papers in Reims, France. General Alfred Jodl, on behalf of Germany, was reluctent to sign. He wanted the surrender to apply only to the fighting with the Western Allies. General Eisenhower declined, demanding total and unconditional surrender. Eisenhower did not want troops fighting in the east to flee to the west in order to surrender. Jodl contacted Admiral Karl Donitz in Berlin, who had taken over for Hitler. Donitz ordered him to sign, and he did. Russian general Ivan Susloparov witnessed the signing but did not sign the surrender himself. He was immediately whisked away by the Soviet secret police, never to be heard from again. Jodl was wounded in the attempt on Hitler's life but he was found guilty of war crimes at Nuremburg and hanged on October 16, 1946. He was posthumously pardoned in 1953 after a German appeals court found him not guilty of breaking international law.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1971-033-01%2C_Alfred_Jodl.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1971-033-01%2C_Alfred_Jodl.jpg
General Alfred Jodl (1899-1946) the signer of
Germany's unconditional surrender in 1945.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 87 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1919, an Australian journalist, living in London, wrote a letter to the London Evening Times suggesting that the first anniversary of the armistice that ended the World War be commemorated by several moments of silence. Edward George Honey had served the British army for a short time until an injury caused his release. He was concerned with the celebrations that followed the end of the war, and he thought a silent commemoration was much more appropriate, in memory of the many who served and suffered. He wrote, “Five little minutes only. Five silent minutes of national remembrance. A very sacred intercession. Communion with the Glorious Dead who won us peace, and from the communion new strength, hope and faith in the morrow. Church services, too, if you will, but in the street, the home, the theatre, anywhere, indeed, where Englishmen and their women chance to be, surely in this five minutes of bitter-sweet silence there will be service enough." It did not bring about change, however, Sir Henry Fitzpatrick heard a similar proposal that he took to King George V, who made a proclamation on November 17th that said “...at the hour when the Armistice came into force, the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month, there may be for the brief space of two minutes a complete suspension of all our normal activities, so that in perfect stillness, the thoughts of everyone may be concentrated on reverent remembrance of the glorious dead." It is a tradition that is still honored in much of the former British Empire. (Sadly, not so in the United States. Here it is called Veterans Day and does not seem to share the same reverence here as Armistice Day in Great Britain. A similar national day of mouring is observed in Germany. Called "Volkstrauertag" it is observed two Sundays before Advent, close to Armistice Day but not on the same day.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9f/Westminsterabbeypoppies.jpg/180px-Westminsterabbeypoppies.jpg
The Poppy is the official flower of memorials to the World War.
The protracted Battle of Ypres in 1915 killed over a half a million
soldiers and inspired Dr. John McCrae to write a poem entitled
In Flanders Fields "...though poppies grow In Flanders Fields." (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-july-31-2008-a-41661/)

...in 1984, the Soviet Union cited fears for its athletes, in an environment it considered hostile and anti-communist, and announced it was boycotting the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles. Andrew Carnegie once said, "Everyone has two reasons for doing something, one that sounds good and the real reason." The communists stated the one that sounded good, but the real reason was likely in retribution for American aid to Muslim rebels fighting Russia in Afghanistan and as payback for Jimmy Carter's boycott of the 1980 Olympics in Moscow. Other Soviet Bloc countries followed suit, leaving the Olympics without the best athletes from the communist countries, except for one. China did participate, their first Olympics since 1952.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a1/SamOlyEagle1.png
Sam the Olympic Eagle
was the mascot of the 1984
Los Angeles Olympic Games.

...in 1910, Schmuel Gelbfisz from Warsaw, a clothing salesman using the Anglicized name, Sam Goldfish, married Blanche Lasky, the sister of a Vaudeville performer and producer Jesse L. Lasky. In 1913, they started the Jesse L. Lasky Feature Play Company and became a production company in the early days of the movie industry. They teamed up with a young director named Cecil B. DeMille along with Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford. Goldfish became disillusioned, left the company and divorced Blanche. Sam Goldfish would partner with Edgar and Archibald Selwyn, and combine their names to found the Goldwyn Pictures Corporation, and later change his name to match the studio's.

http://www.cobbles.com/simpp_archive/images/fair-pick-gold.jpg
Douglas Fairbanks, Mary Pickford and
Sam Goldwyn before he left to go independent.

But meanwhile, back at Jesse L. Lasky Feature Play Company...

...in 1914, H.H. Hodkinson created a film financing and distribution company called Paramount Pictures. Hodkinson started as a film distributor in Ogden, Utah and became the largest film distributor on the west coast. Jesse L. Lasky Feature Play Company acquired Famous Pictures (another studio) and Paramount acquired Famous Players - Lasky Corporation to become the dominant film company in the industry. Today, it is the oldest film company in Hollywood.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/94/ParamountLogo1930s.JPG
The Paramount logo is the only one still in
use. The original logo had 24 stars as Paramount
had 24 stars under contract. It now has 22 stars.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 99 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson issued a proclamation that established Mother's Day. The concept of Mother's Day is credited (by some) to Julia Ward Howe by suggesting a day of peace. Mother's Day was celebrated in numerous locations in 1911 but it was not until 1914 that President Wilson declared the second Sunday in May to officially be "Mother's Day." Wilson said it was a holiday that offered a chance to express our love and reverance for mothers.

...in 1973, Johnny Bench, All-Star catcher (Cincinnati Reds) and future Hall of Fame member, hit three home runs, in one game, off All-Star pitcher and future Hall of Fame member Steve Carlton (Philadelphia Phillies.) Bench had hit a home run in his last at bat the night before, so he actually hit four home runs in four consecutive at-bats, tying a major league record. It wasn't the first time Bench hit three home runs in a game, and this is the amazing thing - he hit three home runs one season earlier, to the day, off the pitching of Steve Carlton. What makes Bench's accomplishment more remarkable is that Carlton was a devastating pitcher, second only to Warren Spahn in left handed career victories. Willie Stargell said, "Hitting him [Carlton] is like trying to drink coffee with a fork." Bench was an equally devastating hitter,

http://www.carlton32.com/Webimages/Photo-Away.jpghttp://www.newsday.com/media/photo/2008-07/41088860.jpg
Carlton vs. Bench
A Classic pitcher vs. hitter duel.

...in 1945, the Seventh Army, in Bavaria, captured Herman Göring, the commander of the Luftwaffe, head of the Gestapo, prime minister of Prussia and designated successor to Hitler. He was a early supporter of Hitler and participated in the failed Beer Hall Putsch in 1923, in fact, he was wounded in the Putsch. He became dependent upon painkillers as the wound healed. Göring was instrumental in the creation of concentration camps and ordered purging of Jews after the Kristallnacht progrom in 1938. In a memo to Reinhard Heydrich (the Obergruppenfüher of the SS and Gestapo) Göring said, "submit to me as soon as possible a general plan of the administrative material and financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired final solution of the Jewish question." The loss of the Battle of Britain and his drug addiction aided his fall from grace in the Nazi party, along with his colossal ego. When he was captured, he had a huge supply of drugs. He was committed of war crimes at Nuremburg and was sentenced to death by hanging. Before he could be executed, however, he committed suicide by taking a cyanide pill that he had concealed from his captors.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2c/Goering1932.jpg/225px-Goering1932.jpg
Would you buy a used car
from this man?

...in 1960, the FDA approved the world's first oral contraceptive. Enovid-10, made by the Searle Company, became known as "The Pill" and set off a firestorm of controversy while providing women with a much more practical contraceptive than had been previously available. In the 1930s, scientists had discovered that high doses of androgens, estrogens or progesterone inhibited ovulation, and could be found in steroid hormones extracted from animals. The cost of these animal extracts, from Europe, was impractiacally high. Russell Marker, at Penn State, synthesized progesterone from sarsaparilla but that was also too expensive. Marker then synthesized progesterone from the inedible Mexican yam but was unable to convince his sponsor, Parke-Davis, that there was a market for the produce. He left Penn State and co-founded a company in Mexico City. They broke the European monopoly on steroid hormones, reducing the price 200 times. In 1951, suffragist Margaret Sanger coordinated funding of research. It was found that small doses given to infertile women increased pregnancies and that larger doses blocked ovulation. In 1954, clinical tests began. In 1957, the FDA approved Enovid-10 as a treatment for menstrual disorders. On May 9, 1960, the FDA announced it would approve the product as a contraceptive. Just the same, it took until 1965 to make the drug available to all women in all states and unitl 1972 to make it available to unmarried women in all states.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Pilule_contraceptive.jpg/200px-Pilule_contraceptive.jpg
Look familiar to any of you?

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 105 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1869, at Promontory Summit, Utah, the two railroads that formed the transcontinental railroad met to drive the ceremonial last spike. The need for a better way to the west coast was more than obvious. The only way west (or back east, for that matter) was by long and arduous wagon train, the hard-seated and terribly uncomfortable stage coach, or by ship, aound the storm-tossed horn of South America, a risky venture all by itself. In 1853, perhaps influenced by the Gold Rush of '49 (who knows for sure?) Congress appropriated funds to survey potential routes of a transcontinental railroad. The actual building was put on hold due to the Civil War but iIn 1862, Congress offered land grants and extra money to the two companies that would build the road - the Union Pacific and Central Pacific. Incentives were offered by trackage laid. The rush was on, but the Union Pacific had the easier route from Omaha to the west, across the relatively flat lands of Nebraska and Wyoming while the Central Pacific was forced to lay rails across the Sierra Nevada. Once the Central Pacific had crossed Donner Pass, the race was on. In fact, the two lines missed each other and a final meeting place had to be renegotiated. The conditions were miserable. Swealtering heat of Summer, miserably cold and snowy winters, Indian raids, the lawless western towns all contributed to making the life of a railroad man less than romantic. The mostly Chinese work crews of the Central Pacific faced even worse conditions, carving a right-of-way across sheer mountain faces, all with hand tools, picks and shovels. It was not unusual for hundreds or workers to perish in a landslide, many of the Chinese bodies later found with their hands tightly grasping their shovels. (The "China Wall," named in honor of the builders, is still visible in Donner Pass, even though the tracks have long since been abandoned.) The railroad was completed ahead of schedule and under budget. Once the railroad opened the west, the growth rate of the United States was incredibly fast, due to the ease and speed of the trains that carried America west.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Lincoln%20Highway/aims_monument.jpg
The Ames Brothers were financiers who made
the UPRR possible. The track went right past this
pyramid, known as the Ames Monument, until the
track moved several miles south. The monument is still
there, but it is well off the beaten path near
Cheyene, Wyoming.

http://www.geol.ucsb.edu/faculty/sylvester/WALLS/WALLS-Images/ChinaWall3.jpg
The China Wall was hand-built to carry the Central Pacific through
Donner Pass. A commemorative plaque is mounted on the wall.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/1869-Golden_Spike.jpg/300px-1869-Golden_Spike.jpg
The meeting of the UP No. 119 and CP No. 60 at
Promontory Summit. The tracks were used for 35 years
until a bridge was built across the Great Salt Lake. The
rails were removed during WWII for the steel.

http://www.nps.gov/gosp/supportyourpark/images/Champagne_Photo_007.JPG
A 1-1/2 mile section of track was built there in 1969
to commemorate the centennial, and the two locomotives
were faithfully reproduced. That's about all that is there today,
maintined by the National Park Service (http://www.nps.gov/gosp/).
Incidentally, the meeting was at Promontory SUMMIT and not at
Promontory POINT as it is often mistakenly called.

...in 1877, President Rutherford B. Hayes had the first telephone installed in the White House. Telephoney was in its infancy and there weren't even any exchanges yet. (It would take another 50 years for Herbert Hoover to install the first phone in the Oval Office.) The White House phone number in 1877 was "1."

...in 1841, racing pioneer James Gordon Bennett Jr. (publisher of the New York Herald) sponsored the Gordon Bennett Cup Races in France that were run between 1900 and 1905. He laid down a set of rules that included weight restrictions and the rule than a call had to have all of its parts manuactured in its country of origin. In order to tell one racing team from another, he established a color scheme that is still pretty much intact. Italian cars were red, French were blue, German silver, American white and blue and British cars were painted British Racing Green. (To this day, Ferrari is still red, Porsche is silver and Jaguar, until recently, remained green. In some circles, green is considered an unlucky color for a race car, even though Jackie Stewart won the 1965 Indy 500 in a Ford Lotus that was British Racing Green.) By 1905, crowds were impossible to control and too many accidents that involved spectators caused France to outlaw road races. William K. Vanderbilt took up the mantle and sponsored the Vanderbilt Cup races in the United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/19/Gordon_Bennett_1904.jpg/205px-Gordon_Bennett_1904.jpg
Léon Théry of France, winner of the
Gordon Bennett Cup in 1904 and 1905.

...in 1940, Britain's First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill, was asked to replace Neville Chamberlain as Prime Minister after he lost a vote of confidence in the House of Commons. Chamberlain had tried talking and appeasing and in 1938, he signed the Munich Pact with Adolph Hitler. In the pact, Germany received Czechoslovakia in exchange for, as Chamberlain said, "...peace in our time." Of course, Hitler had no plans to keep the peace and in 1939, Germany took over Poland in a Blitzkrieg. Chamberlain was devastated and declared war on Germany, but he was ill-suited to being a war-time leader. When British troops were unable to keep Germany out of Norway, Chamberlain lost the support of the Conservative party. On May 10, Hitler overran Holland and Belgium and invaded Luxembourg and France. Chamberlain lost all support in the House. Churchill was well known for his military background and his leadership ability. He built a coalition of support between both parties and quickly won the hearts of Britons. His first speech to the House of Commons was on May 13 when he said, "You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word: It is victory, victory at all costs, victory in spite of all terror, victory, however long and hard the road may be; for without victory, there is no survival." In the same speech, he added the oft-quoted phrase, "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat."

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/0000308149-88536L.jpg

...in 1871, the Treaty of Frankfurt am Main was signed, ending the Franco-Prussian War. The war resulted in the joining of several Germanic states into a united Germany and the humiliating defeat of Louis Napoleon III's French Empire. The main result of the conflict was the sewing of seeds that would cause World War I in 1914. Prince Otto von Bismarck of Prussia desired to unite the several independent Germanic states into one nation, led by Prussia, led by the royal Hohenzollern family. The throne of Spain had been vacant after a revolution in 1868 and Bismarck engineered placing Prince Leopold of the Hohenzollern family on the throne. The concept of a Prussian ruler over Spain was an anathema to Louis Napoleon. He blocked the proposal and demanded that the Prussian king, Wilhelm I apologize to Europe. Of course, he refused, and the publication of Napoleon's demands precipitated war between the nations. The German states united behind Leopold and crushed the inferior French forces, even capturing Napoleon. The German state was created with the crowning of Wilhelm I as the Kaiser ("leader") of the new Germany with Bismarck as the first chancellor. The ceremony took place in the Hall of Mirrors at France's Versailles palace. As part of the Treaty of Frankfort, Germany annexed the French provinces of Alsace and Lorraine, setting the intense enmity between the two nations that would explode into the World War in 1914. In fact, in 1897, Bismarck accurately predicted almost to the day, "Jena came twenty years after the death of Frederick the Great; the crash will come twenty years after my departure if things go on like this." He also accurately predicted, as reported by Winston Churchill, that "One day the great European War will come out of some damned foolish thing in the Balkans." In 1914, just as Bismarck had predicted, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, were shot dead in Sarajevo and the World War began one month later.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Otto_von_Bismarck.JPG/180px-Otto_von_Bismarck.JPG
Otto von Bismarck in 1873.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 87 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1934, a massive wind storm blew across the United States and carried millions of tons of topsoil with it to the east coast. The Great Plains were parched from a great drought and much of that soil made it to Boston, New York and Atlanta. When the Great Plains were settled in the latter half of the 19th Century, it was covered with prairie grass that held moisture and a root structure that locked soil in place, even in the driest of times. By the time of the great World War, there was much need for wheat in Europe so the little bit of prairie grass that was left got plowed under to grow wheat. The introduction of the modern tractor made the job easier and by 1930, wheat production increased by 300% and created a glut in the market. In 1931, a great drought spread across the country. Crops died and winds began to carry topsoil away in increasingly powerful storms, leading up to the one on this date in 1934. Over two days, an estimated 350 million tons of soil was swept away, even ships in the Atlantic reported dust collection on deck. Thousands of families migrated to California where they were derisively called "Oakies, no matter where they were from. At the height of the Great Depression, there wasn't much for Oakies in California, either. The Great Plains became known as the Dust Bowl, a phrase coined by reporter Robert Geiger. The FDR administration began enforcing farming methods but nothing helped until rain broght the end of the drought in 1939.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/1934-SouthDakotaBlackBlizzard.jpg
South Dakota "Black Blizzard" in 1934




...in 1916, Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company (DELCO) was purchased by United Motors. DELCO had been founded by Charles Kettering and Edward Deeds after both left the National Cash Register Corporation (NCR) in Dayton, Ohio. Kettering had invented the electric motor that made the electric cash register possible. Kettering also developed the self-starter for Billy Durant's Cadillac Corporation. Of course, Delco would sell starters to anyone. Meanwhile, Billy Durant had formed General Motors in 1908 but was forced out in 1910. He responded by starting the Chevrolet Motor Company with race driver, Louis Chevrolet. Later, he founded United Motors comprised of five companies, Hyatt Roller Bearing Company, New Departure Mfg. Co., Remy Electric Co, and Dayton Engineering. Durant appointed Alfred Sloan to head the holding company. Also in 1916, Durant retook control of General Motors and in 1918, brought United Motors into GM to build components for GM cars. (Durant would be forced out of GM for good in 1920 and Alfred Sload took the helm. He made GM into the model of the modern coporation.) The United Motors Service Company was created to sell the products made by the five companies that comprised United Motors, which was also a part of GM until 1971 when it was renamed United Delco Division, in 1974 it was absorbed into the AC-Delco Division and the United Motors name slid into history.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/imagesHuskySignpast0083LG.jpg
The United Motors Service logo appeared on
the packaging of UMS products. One can still find
NOS (New Old Stock) parts at swap meets, still in
the orange boxes.

...in 1927, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was founded at the Biltmore Hotel in Hollywood. Douglas Fairbanks was the first president. The first Awards of Merit were presented on May 16, 1929, honoring achievements between August 1, 1927 and July 31, 1928.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Douglas_Fairbanks_signed_1921_photo.jpg/200px-Douglas_Fairbanks_signed_1921_photo.jpg
Douglas Fairbanks (1883-1939)
First President of the Academy of
Motion Picture Arts & Sciences.

...in 1988, a special concert was held at Carnegie Hall to celebrate the 100th birthday of one of America's most beloved, and prolific, songwriters. Israel Isidore Baline was born in Siberia in 1888, one of eight children born to a cantor. The family came to America in 1893 but his father died in 1896. Israel was forced to go to work and on the streets, he sold newspapers and tried his hand at busking. He became a singing waiter in Chinatown at Pelham's Cafe. The owner asked him to write a song for the cafe because a rival restaurant had one written for them. He wrote a song called Marie from Sunny Italy for which he was paid 37¢ and a misspelled name, "I. Berlin" on the sheet music. The name "Irving Berlin" stuck, and Marie from Sunny Italy became the first of over 1,500 songs that he wrote. When asked where Irving Berlin stood in American music, Jerome Kern (himself an icon of American music) said, "Irving Berlin has no place in American music. Irving Berlin IS American music." Amazingly enough, Berlin did not play an instrument, in fact, he could not read or write music and all his compositions were transcribed by musical secretaries. He did not attend his 100th birthday party, but he did watch on television to see Frank Sinatra, Willie Nelson and many others perform his beloved songs, such as Puttin' on the Ritz, Top Hat, Cheek to Cheek, Always, There's No Business Like Show Business and the stirring God Bless America. The record that sold more copies than any other song ever recorded was written by Berlin for the 1942 Bing Crosby film, Holiday Inn and was entitled, White Christmas. Irving Berlin died in New York in 1989 at the age of 101.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Oh_How_I_Hate_to_Get_up_in_the_Morning_1c.jpg/215px-Oh_How_I_Hate_to_Get_up_in_the_Morning_1c.jpg
Berlin wrote this popular piece for a soldier review called
Yip, Yip, Yaphank which was made into a film during WWII.
Berlin sang the song himself in the film that was called
This Is The Army. See it here, on You Tube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71smG5d29to).

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 61 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1903, President Theodore Roosevelt visited San Francisco, accompanied by members the Ninth Cavalry Regiment, an all-black company of horse soldiers. The parade was captured on movie film, making President Roosevelt the first president to be recorded at an official event. The short amount of film is available here, on You Tube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-fk67E9kPA&feature=PlayList&p=8EDBF3BE0220DBEB&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=26).

http://rs6.loc.gov/image/papr/3a19516.gif
The route was reviewed prior to the parade. The parade
film can be seen by following the link above.

...in 1957, A.J. Foyt won his first major race, a midget car race in Kansas City, Missouri. He would go on to win four Indianapolis 500 races in front of track owner, Tony Hullman, and he took Hullman on his victory lap after his fourth win in 1977. After his first Indy win, in 1961, Foyt snuck out of the celebration to get a burger. "Hell, I was hungry!" he later said. "I just went over to White Castle." He went on to win the Indy in 1864, 1967 and 1977. Foyt is the only man to win the Indy, the Daytona 500, the 24 Hours of Daytona and the International Race of Champions (IROC) in 1976 and 1977. He now resides in his native Houston, where A.J. Foyt Enterprises dabbles in racing (IRL, CART and NASCAR) car dealerships, funeral services, oil investments and thoroughbred horse racing.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/1961AJFoytvictorycircle61-1116.jpg
A.J. Foyt in Victory Circle at the Indy 500
in 1961. He would go on to win Indy four times.

...in 1932, the body of Charles Lindbergh, Jr's was found less than a mile from his home and more than two months after he had been kidnapped from the Lindbergh home in Hopewell, New Jersey, on March 1, 1932 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index273.html#post623947). The toddler was put to bed about 7 PM by Mrs. Lindbergh and the nanny, Betty Gow. Ms. Gow stayed with the baby until he was asleep, then went to check on him about 10. He was missing. A homemade ladder was found below the window, it was the perfect length to reach the window. A ransom note arrived, handwritten, fraught with mistakes. It demanded $50,000.00. Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf, superintendent of the New Jersey State Police was one of the authorities on the scene. (Yes, his name does sound familiar and yes, it's his father.) Lindbergh paid the ransom but the body of the "Little Eaglet" was found less than five miles from his home. Congress rushed a bill making kidnapping a federal offense. Authorities arrested a man named Bruno Hauptman, who was tried and convicted on flimsey evidence, but that wasn't the end of it. To this day, the Lindbergh kidnapping is still a topic of discussions and conspiracy theorists. It was also the inspiration for Agatha Christie's Murder on the Orient Express. The Lindberghs donated their home to charity and moved away.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Lindbergh_baby_poster.jpg

...in 1970, Ernie Banks hit his 500th home run for the Chicago Cubs. The Cubs, otherwise known as the real-life Bad News Bears, were charter members of the National League in 1876, as the Chicago White Stockings. Their first game was a win, behind the shutout pitching of Arthur Goodwin Spalding, who would go on to start a sporting goods company of some fame. Spalding led them to the NL Pennant that year. The team became known as the Cubs in 1902 because of a plethora of great young talent. They won the pennant in 1906 but lost the World Series to....the Chicago White Sox. They did win the series in 1908 but that was about it. The Cubs posted a losing record every year between 1946 and 1953 when Ernie Banks joined the team as their great shortstop. The two-time MVP finished his 17 year career with 512 homers and he was elected to the Hall of Fame in 1977. Despite his sparkling career, "Mr. Cub" never got a chance to play in the post season.

http://www.allposters.com/IMAGES/PHO/AAGN200.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 80 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 2003, in an attempt to deter counterfeiting, the US Treasury Department unveiled a redesigned and colorized $20 bill, the first appearance redesigned of US paper currency. For many years, the $10 bill was referred to as a "sawbuck" because the Roman numeral for ten, X, resembled a sawbuck. The $20 bill became known as a "double sawbuck" because it was the equivalent of two sawbucks. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing reports that a bill lasts about two years before needing to be replaced.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/US_%2420_Series_2006_Obverse.jpg/300px-US_%2420_Series_2006_Obverse.jpg
Obverse of the US $20 bill (in case you don't
see them too often, either.)

...in 1981, Pope John Paul II was shot. A Turkish terrorist, Mehmet Ali Agca was an escaped fugitive who fired several shots into the crowd. He claimed he was on his way to England to shoot the king, but when he found out there was only a queen. "Turks don't shoot women," he said. He said he had Palestinian connections but the PLO quickly disavowed any knowledge of him. Conspiracy theories abound but nothing has ever been proven, although several theorists claim the conspiracy goes back to the Soviet Union. Agca was tried and convicted in 1981 and sentenced to life, however, he was pardoned by President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi in 2000, at the Pope's request.

...in 1846, President James K. Polk declared war with Mexico over the annexation of Texas. The war raged for two years and when the smoke cleared, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago ended the war with Mexico ceding Texas, California and New Mexico. The US paid Mexico $15 million and settled all claims of Americans against Mexico.

...in 1607, the Virginia colony of Jamestown was settled on the James River in Virginia. After arriving on three ships, the Susan Constant, Godspeed and Discovery the colonists chose Edward Wingfield as the first president of the council. Within two weeks, the colony came under Algonquin attack. The attackers were repulsed, but in December, three colonists were captured by the Algonquin, one of them was John Smith. According to the legend, the daughter of Chief Powhattan intervened and saved the life of John Smith, although the other two members of the away team were killed. Although many colonists succumbed to starvation, desease or Indian attack, the London Company kept sending supplies and more colonists. In 1612, John Rolfe planted tobacco and created a cash crop for the success of the colony. Rolfe married Pocahontas (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index274.html#post637161), which provided an uneasy peace. Pocahontas died in England, probably of smallpox, and Chief Powhatan died in 1618. His replacement, Chief Opechancanough, immediately resumed hostilities and an attack in 1622 almost wiped out the colony. There was no more real fighting until 1644 when Chief Opechancanough led his last attack. He was captured and executed, and in 1646, the Algonquin agreed to peace terms.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Jamestown-Virginia-settlement-ships-NOAA.jpg/350px-Jamestown-Virginia-settlement-ships-NOAA.jpg
Replicas of the Susan Constant, Godspeed
and Discovery reside at the historic colony site.

...in 1973, the first Battle of the Sexes occurred when tennis stars, Bobby Riggs and Margaret Court met. Riggs was 55 years old at the time, a past tennis champion from the 1930s and 1940s with an outspoken disdain for the talent of female athletes, especially tennis players. The match, scheduled for Mothers' Day, was a $10,000.00 winner-take-all tournament. Margaret Court was an Australian tennis star who had won 89 of her last 92 matches and she was the year's leading money winner on the tour. Riggs had challenged Billie Jean King for the match, calling her the "biggest women's libber on the tour" but King ignored him. Riggs used a strategy designed to rattle Court, which it did, and she lost the match to him. He immediately challenged Billie Jean King again. This time, she accepted and it was billed as "The Lobber vs. The Libber." The match was held on September 20 in the Houston Astrodome. King won. Riggs died in 1995 at the age of 77. Despite all the bluster and harsh words spoken, King said the match probably accidentally helped advance the cause of sexual equality.

http://media-2.web.britannica.com//eb-media/39/12639-004-B179444E.jpg http://i.a.cnn.net/si/2006/writers/dr_z/08/30/riggs.king/p1_riggs_cover.jpg
Margaret Court was the dominant player
on the women's tour with 66 Grand Slam
championships. Despite losing her match
with Bobby Riggs, she is best remembered
for winning the Grand Slam of women's tennis in
1970: Wimbleton, U.S. Open, French Open and
Australian Open, all in the same year.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 66 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1804, the Louis and Clark expedition left St. Louis on their monumental tour of the Louisiana Purchase. The "Corps of Discovery" consisted of 45 men (only 33 would make the entire journey) floated up the Missouri River into the Dakotas. French-Canadian Toussaint Charbonneau, accompanied by his wife, Sacagawea, joined the expedition as interpreters. (Sacagawea was pregnant at the time she joined the group with her huband and his first wife, Otter Woman. Sacagawea's tribe, the Shoshones, sold the expedition horses to continue their western exploration. On November 8, 1805, the explorers set eyes upon the Pacific Ocean, the first Europeans to do by the overland route. They wintered there. Sacagwea gave birth to Jean Baptiste Charbonneau on February 11. The group began their return journey in the spring of 1806. The group returned to St. Louis on September 23, 1806 with lots of exploration data, claims to the Oregon territory, and one more (little) explorer than they left with.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8e/SacDollar.jpeg/150px-SacDollar.jpeghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/United_States_one_dollar_coin%2C_reverse.jpg/150px-United_States_one_dollar_coin%2C_reverse.jpg
The obverse and reverse sides of the Sacagawea dollar. The truth is, no one
really knows what she looked like, and great controversy rages over the correct
spelling of her name. None the less, she was a hero in the Corps of Discovery and
earned a place of respect in the history of the United States.

...in 1973 (speaking of explorers) America's first space station was launched into earth orbit. Skylab was the culmination of a dream for a manned space station that went all the back to the late 1940s when plans began to be laid for a space station and laboratory. By the time Skylab was launched, the Soviet Union had already launched Salynut (which always looked to me like "salty nuts") two years earlier. However, Salynut was plagued with lots of problems while Skylab was a huge success. Skylab was built from a spent Saturn V rocket stage, 118 feet tall and it weighed 77 tons. Crews reached Skylab, and returned to earth, in Apollo space capsules. Crews spent over 700 hours on board Skylab, taking more than 175,000 photographs, mostly of the sun. In 1979, the orbit began to decay rapidly and Skylab plummeted to earth. The parts of Skylab that did not burn up on re-entry landed in Australia or in the Indian Ocean.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Skylab_launch_on_Saturn_V.jpg/180px-Skylab_launch_on_Saturn_V.jpg
Skylab was launched with a
specially modified Saturn V
moon rocket.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Skylab_and_Earth_Limb_-_GPN-2000-001055.jpg/180px-Skylab_and_Earth_Limb_-_GPN-2000-001055.jpg
Skylab in orbit

...in 1787, the Constitutional Convention convened in Philadelphia. Their task was to overthrow the American government. After the American victory in the Revolutionary War, a new government was outlined by a document called the Articles of Confederation. Short story: They didn't work. A new constitution was designed and written, The result was the Constitution of the United States along with 10 amendments that are known as the Bill of Rights.

http://www.constitution.org/cons/con1a.jpg
We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union,
establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense,
promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves
and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[whiteyteresa]

I just received these in Google Alerts

Father of missing mother wants CBI to take case - KJCT8.com - Grand Junction, Montrose - Weather, News, Sports | (http://www.kjct8.com/Global/story.asp?S=10363617)

http://www.denverpost.com/breakingnews/ci_12371756

I looked but couldn't find it any place on here

Sorry if I missed it

:chef:

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There was a most interesting new development in Paige's case yesterday. Paige's father, Frank Birgfeld, has asked for her case to be transferred from the Mesa County Sheriff's office to the Colorado Bureau of Investigation. In addition, Mr. Birgfeld wants to know what happened to the "thousands of dollars" in cash, as reported by CBS News 48 Hours Mystery, that was allegedy found in Paige's home. KJCT News (http://www.kjct8.com/Global/story.asp?S=10363617) and The Denver Post (http://www.denverpost.com/breakingnews/ci_12371756) reported on the stories. Stay tuned.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 55 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1963, Gordon Cooper was launched into space aboard the Faith 7 on what would be the last flight of Project Mercury. "Gordo" was in space for 22 orbits and over 34 hours. It was the longest time an American spent in space up to that time. The Mercury flights were designed to be automated, making the astronauts little more than passengers. Chuck Yaeger called the Mercury astronauts "Spam in a can" but Faith 7 developed a problem. Cooper took control of the capsule and used his piloting experience to find his location via the stars. The calculations to fire retro rockets was critical, too soon and the capsule would burn up in the atmosphere, too late and the capsule would bounce off the atmosphere and cascade into outer space. Using his watch and lines he scratched in the porthole, Cooper fired the rockets and splashed down less than four miles from the recovery aircraft carrier, the most accurate landing of Project Mercury. He would later set another time record, spending enough time in orbit during Gemini 5, orbiting for 8 days, proving that astronauts could spend enough time in space to journey to the moon and back.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/18/GPN-2000-001402.jpg/200px-GPN-2000-001402.jpg
Leroy Gordon Cooper (1927-2004)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Mercury_Atlas_9.jpg/150px-Mercury_Atlas_9.jpg
Pre-Launch preparations of the
Mercury-Atlas 9 of Gordon Cooper.

...in 1981, the 20 millionth Volkswagon Beetle was produced at the VW plant in Puebla, Mexico, a city about 50 miles south of Mexico City. While the vehicle was no longer sold in the United States, it was still popular in Latin America. (By comparison, Ford built 15 million Model T Fords between 1908 and 1927, the most popular car in history, at least, until the Volkswagon. 21,529,464 were built between 1938 and 2003.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Volkswagen_Sed%C3%A1n_1995.jpg/180px-Volkswagen_Sed%C3%A1n_1995.jpg
A 1996 Mexican Beetle

...in 1970, Karen and Richard Carpenter, the popular brother-sister duo, released their second album Close to You that included a hit single of the same name. It was an overnight success and made stars of the Carpenters, as they were known, and they would go on to sell 10 gold records and have 12 Top-10 hits in the 1970s. We've Only Just Begun reached #2 on the Billboard charts but Richard Carpenter considers it their signature piece. (It was heard at just about every wedding that took place in the 70s and 80s.) Karen Carpenter tragically died of heart failure on February 4, 1983, at the age of 32. Her heart was overworked due to her anorexia nervosa. Richard continues to produce music and as an antique auto enthusiast, he owns an automobile museum in California. (One of the musicians who played with the Carpenters is Cubby O'Brien, who is best known for being a Mouseketeer during the mid-1950s Mickey Mouse Club program. Karen Carpenter played drums in the recording sessions but Cubby played drums for live performances, allowing Karen to sing out front.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Carpenters_-_Nixon_-_Office.png/220px-Carpenters_-_Nixon_-_Office.png
Karen and Richard Carpenter at
the Nixon White House, August 1, 1972.

...in 1942, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed the bill that created the Women's Auxiliary Army Corps (WAACs) granting women official military status. Representative Edith Nourse Rogers of Massachusetts introduced the bill in 1941, allowing women to serve the army in non-combat positions. (The bill was introduced prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor and it languished in the House until the attack, when it picked up some steam.) In July 1942, the "Auxiliary" term was dropped and the WACs received full military recognition and status. Women filled rolls like clerk, radio operator, electricians, air traffic controllers and some were even pilots, ferrying aircraft from factory to military bases. More than 150,000 women served in the army during WWII in many positions. In 1978, the military was officially intergrated and the "Auxiliary" would fade into history.

http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/wac/p9.gif

http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/wac/p10.gif

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were really no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. Several more news outlets picked up Thursday's stories about the missing cash and CBI request, but there really were no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 69 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1943, the British launched an attack against three major German dams that provided water and hydroelectric power. Called the "Dambusters" the bombers carried a specially designed, drum shaped bomb. A special mechanism began to spin the bomb on the aircraft before being dropped. The spin was reverse of the forward motion, the backspin causing the bombs to bounce on the water, much as a golf ball bounces on a green and the back spin causes the ball to stop. The spinning bomb would bounce over anti-torpedo netting and strike the dam, the backspin causing the bomb to submerge itself and roll down the surface of the dam. When it reached a certain depth, the bomb would explode and breach the dam.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Duxford_UK_Feb2005_bouncingbomb.JPG/180px-Duxford_UK_Feb2005_bouncingbomb.JPG
An original "Upkeep" (code name) bouncing bomb.

The dambuster bombs were delivered by a specially designated squadron led by Commander Guy Gibson. Of the three targets, two dams were breached and the third, an earthen dam, was not. The result of the raids was actually of little consequence to the Germans, as water services and electrical power were restored very quickly. The raids did provide a boost of morale for the British.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Mohne_Dam_Breached.jpg/300px-Mohne_Dam_Breached.jpg
The backspin on the bombs caused them to skip over the torpedo nets
that protected the dam, then hit the dam, settle to the bottom and
explode. The plan was that "Busting" the dam would cause a loss of hydroelectric power, severely
impact water supplies and potentially destroy everything in the wake of the
rushing water. This is what the Mohne Dam looked like after the raid.

...in 1929, the first Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences Awards were presented at the Roosevelt Hotel in Hollywood. The Best Picture award went to Wings starring Clara Bow and Gary Cooper. The Best Actor award went to Emil Jennings for The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/RooseveltHotel03.jpg/250px-RooseveltHotel03.jpg
The Roosevelt Hotel was built in 1927 and
was the location of the first Academy Award
presentation in 1929. The hotel was built by a
consortium that included Douglas Fairbanks, Mary
Pickford and Louis B. Mayer. Fairbanks also
just happened to be the first president of the
Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences.

...in 1770, in the palace at Versailles, the French dauphin, Louis, married Marie Antoinette, the daughter of Austrian Asrchduchess Maria Teresa and Holy Roman Emporer Francis I. The idea was that France and Austria might become closer, as they had been enemies for as long as anyone could remember. In 1774, Louis' grandfather and King of France, Louis XV, died making him King Louis XVI.. From the onset, it was obvious that Louis XVI was not equipped to be the king and to solve the financial mess that his grandfather left behind. Marie was not at all interested in France but was more interested in her own extravagant lifestyle. Legend has it that when told the impoverished peasants did not have bread, she replied, "Then let them eat cake." When the French revolution began in 1789, constitutional monarchists wanted to reform the monarchy to save it and retain it as part of the government. Louis and Marie resisted the reform but the revolutionaries were so fierce that the two attempted to escape to Austria. They were captured by revolutionaries and returned to Paris. Louis' intrigues with other European powers, especially arch-enemy Austria, resulted in charges of treason, of which he was found guilty and beheaded by means of Madam Guillotine. Nine months later, Marie Antoinette was also shortened a little bit.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/LouisXVI-France1.jpg/200px-LouisXVI-France1.jpg
Louisville, Kentucky is named for Louis XVI. Louis was
aiding the American Revolution so the Virginia General Assembly
bestowed the honor of the kind, who saw the king as an
admirable man. Kentucky was part of Virginia Territory in 1780.

...in 1943, the Warsaw Ghetto revolt came to an end when Nazi soldiers blew up the last synagogue and began deporting the survivors to the Treblinka extermination camp. After the invasion of Poland, the Nazis built a ghetto, enclosed by barbed wire, to inter Polish Jews. The 840 acre ghetto was populated by a half a million Jews. Beginning in July 1942, six thousand Jews per day were taken from the ghetto and transferred to Treblinka. The Nazis told those left behind that their relatives were being taken to work camps but the word quickly spread about the real purpose of Treblinka. A resistance group was established and managed to acquire arms. On January 18, 1943, Nazi forces that entered the ghetto met with an ambush and many Germans were killed before the rest were able to withdraw. In revenge, the Nazis swarmed the ghetto, mowing down Jews and systematically blowing up buildings. When it was over, the rest of the survivors were sent to Treblinka. 300 Germans died, compared to thousands of Jews who died in the uprising or in Treblinka.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Stroop_Report_-_Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising_06.jpg/800px-Stroop_Report_-_Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising_06.jpg
Nazi soldiers round up Warsaw Ghetto surviors in what is probably the most famous photograph of
the Holocaust. The boy in the center is thought to be Tsvi Nussbaum who survived the Holocaust and
became a doctor in America. In an interview, he said, "I feel a tremendous guilt Why did I survive?"

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Warsaw_Ghetto_destroyed_by_Germans%2C_1945.jpg/600px-Warsaw_Ghetto_destroyed_by_Germans%2C_1945.jpg
The remains of the Warsaw Ghetto after Adolph Hitler ordered its destruction.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments. The CBS affiliate in Denver (http://cbs4denver.com/local/birgfeld.paige.grand.2.1011527.html) picked up the "Missing Money" story from the AP but there is nothing new in it.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 77 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1943, the crew of the B-17 Flying Fortress named the Memphis Belle became the first American crew to complete 25 missions. The final mission of the Memphis Belle was a bombing run over Lorient, location of a Nazi submarine pen. A film crew flew with the Memphis Belle on several missions, as they were shooting a documentary about the plane. The documentary included some now famous and dramatic footage, including a B-17 plummeting to earth with the crew bailing out, one at a time. It also included a B-17 landing with no tail. (It implied that the tail had been shot off by enemy fire but the damage came in a mid-air collision with another B-17.) The documentary, The Memphis Belle: A Story of a Flying Fortress (seldom seen today) was directed by Lieutenant Colonel William Wyler. In civilian life, Wyler directed a number of Academy Award motion pictures, including Mrs. Miniver, Roman Holiday and Ben-Hur. You can actually watch the film online (http://www.ww2incolor.com/gallery/movies/memphis_belle_movie) on a site called World War II In Color. The original Memphis Belle was rescued from the scrapper by the mayor of Memphis. It went on display in Memphis, outdoors, and by the mid 1980s, it had suffered at the hands of weather and vandals. It was returned to the Air Force and is now undergoing full restoration at the Air Force Museum at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio. Another, privately owned, B-17 is painted with the Memphis Belle's scheme and was used in the making of a fictionalized 1990 film, The Memphis Belle.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Memphis_Belle.jpg/250px-Memphis_Belle.jpg
The Memphis Belle over England in 1943.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Memphisbellenose.jpg/180px-Memphisbellenose.jpg
This privately owned B-17 starred in the 1990 fictionalized
story of the Memphis Belle. It makes the rounds of air
shows and remains very popular.

...in 1974, the Los Angeles Police Department staged a raid on a home in Compton, a known location of the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA.) The SLA was a violent, radical group that had much more publicity than influence. It was actually a handful of disaffected youth of the middle class. They rose to prominence by murdering Oakland, California Superintendent of Schools Marcus Foster, in November 1973, because he wanted to institute ID cards in the schools. The SLA really made a splash in the national news when they kidnapped Patty Hearst, heiress to the Hearst Publishing fortune. Hearst later showed up at an SLA bank robbery, wearing fatigues and brandishing a sub machine gun. On May 17, the LAPD fired 1,200 rounds into the house as SLA members shot back. (Patty Hearst was not in the house at the time.) Randolph Hearst, Patty's father, said the attack made "...dingbats into martyrs." Patty Hearst was later arrested and claimed she had been coerced into joining the SLA through repeated rapes and brainwashing. Prosecutors believe that she orchestrated the entire kidnapping episode but with no substantial proof. She was still convicted of participating the crimes and served two years when President Carter commuted her sentence. President Clinton pardoned her in 2001, in a wave of pardons he issued just before he left office.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Symbionese_Liberation_Army_Naga_Symbol.jpg/200px-Symbionese_Liberation_Army_Naga_Symbol.jpg
The seven-headed cobra symbol of
the SLA. Donald DeFreeze, aka
Field Marshall Cinque died in the police
shoot-out on May 17, 1975.

...in 1875, the first Kentucky Derby was run at Churchill Downs, near Louisville, Kentucky. Churchill Downs was named for relatives of Meriwether Clark Lewis, Jr. (of Lewis & Clark fame) John and Henry Churchill, who donated the land for the track. The tradition of draping the winner with a blanket of roses did not begin until 1896. The first race was won by jockey Oliver Lewis, riding a colt named Aristides.\

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Churchill_Downs_1901.jpg/280px-Churchill_Downs_1901.jpg
Churchill Downs in 1901.

...in 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down a decision in the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, ruling that segregation of public education facilities is unconstitutional. The ruling overturned an 1896 Supreme Court ruling in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson that called for "separate but equal" accommodations in railroad cars. The decision was used as the basis of institutionalized segregation until Linda Brown was not allowed to attend her local elementary school in Topeka, KS. Her case was brought by future Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall. Chief Justice Earl Warren wrote that "separate but equal" was unconstitutional, especially in education, because it stamped a badge of inferiority on African American students. The ruling motivated the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s.

http://www.pbs.org/kcet/publicschool/images/inn_brown.jpg
Linda Brown and her family.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 73 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1940, Winston Churchill addressed the House of Commons again about the task facing Great Britain, that of defeating Adolph Hitler and the German Wermacht.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Churchill_portrait_NYP_45063.jpg/250px-Churchill_portrait_NYP_45063.jpg
"Hitler knows that he will have to break
us in this Island or lose the war. If we
can stand up to him, all Europe may be
free and the life of the world may move
forward into broad, sunlit uplands. But if we
fail, then the whole world, including the
United States, including all that we have
known and cared for, will sink into the
abyss of a new Dark Age made more sinister,
and perhaps more protracted, by the lights of
perverted science. Let us therefore brace
ourselves to our duties, and so bear ourselves
that, if the British Empire and its Commonwealth
last for a thousand years, men will still say,
'This was their finest hour.'"
--Winston Churchill, May 18, 1940

You can hear the conclusion of this, one of the greatest speeches of the 20th Century, here on YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsKDGM5KTBY).

...in 1980, Mount St. Helens exploded in southwestern Oregon. The eruption killed 57 people and destroyed 210 square miles of wilderness surrounding the volcano. A part of the Pacific "Ring of Fire" that includes 160 volcanos, the previous volcanic activity was between 1831 and 1857. Small earth tremors began on March 20, 1980 followed by venting of steam and ash. Finally, on May 18, Mount St. Helens exploded in a violent eruption that sent a plume of ash and smoke moe than 12 miles into the atmosphere. Flowing lava flooded Spirit Lake and buried the Toutle River for a distance of 13 miles downstream. The 9,680 foot peak lost 1,700 feet in height as the top of the mountain slid down with the lava flow. Small eruptions continue to occur and a new crown is building slowly. Mount St. Helens is a protected research site.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/MSH80_eruption_mount_st_helens_05-18-80.jpg/180px-MSH80_eruption_mount_st_helens_05-18-80.jpg
Mount St. Helens erupted on May 18, 1980
at 8:32 AM PDT,

...in 1896, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a Louisiana law that called for "separate but equal" accommodations for blacks and whites on railroad cars was constitutional, ruling that segregation was not discriminatory and did not deprive African Americans of equal protection under the 14th Amendment. The Plessy v. Ferguson ruling eventually was extended to include institutional segregation in restaurants, hospitals and schools. African Americans suffered through decades of discrimination due to the ruling. As we learned yesterday, it was finally struck down in 1954 when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled on Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Segregation_1938b.jpg/180px-Segregation_1938b.jpg
A by uses a designated drinking fountain on
the lawn of the county courthouse in
Halifax, North Carolina in 1938.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/WhiteTradeOnlyLancasterOhio.jpg/250px-WhiteTradeOnlyLancasterOhio.jpg
It wasn't just in the south. This sign was in a
Lancaster, Ohio restaurant in 1938.

...in 1860, Abraham Lincoln was nominated as the Presidential Candidate for the fledgling Republican Party. In 1858, Lincoln faced Stephan Douglas in a race for one of the Illinois Senate seats. It was a heated campaign, featuring a series of debates between the candidates that became known as the Lincoln-Douglas Debates. Lincoln argued against the spread of slavery while Douglas campaigned that each state had the right to decide whether to be slave or free. Lincoln lost the election to Douglas and in 1860, found himself pitted against Douglas again but this time, they were candidates for President of the United States. Douglas represented the north in a deeply divided Democrat Party. The southern Democrat candidtate was John C. Breckenridge and a fourth candidate, John Bell represented the Constitutional Union Party, confusing the election even more. Several southern states threatened to secede from the Union if Lincoln was nominated. They did not, but they did begin to secede after Lincoln won the election, even before he was inaugurated on March 4, 1861. Seven states seceded and formed the Confederate States of America. One month later, the Civil War began with the firing on Fort Sumter (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index275.html#post639520) in South Carolina.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.j pg/225px-Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.j pg
16th POTUS
Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865)

...in 1989, more than one million protesters marched through the streets of Beijing, China calling for a more democratic government. The series of protests began on April 14 and continued for seven weeks. The protests were brought about by the death of Hu Yaobang, a pro-market and pro-democracy member of the government. There was no one central theme for the protests except that protesters generally called for a less authoritarian government and economic changes. The protests lasted for about seven weeks until Tiananmen Square was cleared on June 4 by military action. (The figure of a lone Chinese man, standing in front of a line of tanks, became the iconic image of the protests.) The military began to enter Beijing to try to regain control of the city. Shots were fired and reporters identified several people killed but there are no official records that seem to match eyewitness reports. By the time the protests were over in June, several hundred, if not thousands, or protesters were killed or serioiusly wounded. Outrage around the world and economic sanctions against the Chinese government had little effect, as the official line of the Chinese government was that the protesters were "ruffians" and a "lawless element" of Chinese society.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8f/Tiananmen_Square_protests.jpg/140px-Tiananmen_Square_protests.jpg
A statue created by art students called the
Goddess of Democracy was erected in
Tiananmen Square near the end of the protests.
It became an international symbol of the
movement. Made of foam and paper mâché, it
stood for five days before being toppled by
tanks.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d8/Tianasquare.jpg/240px-Tianasquare.jpg
The "Tank Man" became the international icon
of the Tiananmen Square protests. His identity is
unknown as is his ultimate fate.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 84 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1967, the treaty banning nuclear weapons from outer space was ratified by the Soviet Union, putting the treaty into effect. The treaty, which is officially known as the "Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies" was already signed by the United States, Great Britain and several other nations. (North Korea signed the treaty on March 12, 2009.) The treaty also prohibits moon, planets or any other "celestial body" from being militarized. A Limited Test Ban treaty was already in effect (signed in 1963) which eliminated under water and atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons, North Korea is not a part of that treaty.

...in 1991, Willy T. Ribbs became the first African American to qualify for the Indianapolis 500. He finished 32nd in the field of 33, completing only 5 laps before his day came to an end due to engine failure. Ribbs had done very well in Europe, winning the Formula Ford championship in his first year. He was also the leading money-winner in the Trans-Am circuit in the 1980s but American racing success eluded him. Trans-Am is a road-based racing circuit for pony cars as opposed to traditional American style racing of horsepower that features the oval "go like hell, turn left" style of racing that is far different from Trans-Am racing. Ribbs is convinced that there is racism in racing. He said in 1991, "Here we are, moving into a new millennium, and auto racing still looks like 1939 baseball." Ribbs' accomplishment is even more remarkable when you consider that Indy car racing is very expensive and only open to those with powerful sponsors. Although NASCAR is more accessible, there is a dearth of African American drivers in that circuit, too. Wendell Scott used second-hand equipment to get into NASCAR, the only African American to win a NACAR race. When he won a race in 1963, officials were afraid of a negative reaction from the crowd, and gave the trophy to another driver. It was presented to him after the crowd had left the track. (Scott's story inspired the movie Greased Lightning.) Opinions vary as to why there aren't many black drivers in racing, whether it is overt institutional racism or just more circumstances and economy. A NASCAR team owned by (retired) NBA star, Julius Erving and (retired) NFL star, Joe Washington cannot even guarantee an African American driver will get a ride. A team representative explained, "To get into a Winston Cup car is dangerous. I wouldn't want to race against Dale Earnhardt or Jeff Gordon without experience. That's suicide. I wouldn't want that on my conscience, somebody getting out there who wasn't ready." Perhaps the racing industry will be more open to minority participation in the future? Why not - baseball has come a long way since integration in 1947.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/WillyTRibbs1991.jpg/180px-WillyTRibbs1991.jpg
Willy T. Ribbs at Laguna Seca
in 1991.

...in 1935, living under an assumed name, and retired as an RAF mechanic, T.E. Lawrence passed away from injuries suffered in a motorcycle accident. He was trying to avoid hitting some boys who were riding bicycles on the wrong side of the road. In fact, the accident was re-enacted as the opening scene in the film that told his story: Lawrence of Arabia. Thomas Edward Lawrence was born in Tremadoc, Wales in 1888. His family moved to Oxford in 1896 where he studied architecture and archeaology, and made a trip to the Ottoman controlled areas of Syria and Palestine in 1909 as part of his studies. In 1911, he was able to participate in an expedition for a dig of a Hittite city on the Euphrates River. He worked the dig for three years, learning the Arabic language. In 1914, he was able to explore the Sinai, near the Ottoman area of Arabia and the British controlled Egypt. He and his associates made maps that proved invaluable to the British army during the World War. When war broke out between the British and Ottoman Turks, Lawrence enlisted and became an intelligence officer in Cairo because of his knowledge. He was later assigned to Prince Faisal as a liaison officer. Lawrence guided the Arabs on a successful campaign against the Turkish lines. He was extremely popular with the Beduins and became famous when Lowell Thomas made a documentary about his activities in the war. Lawrence envisioned a united Arabia after the World War, which never came to fruition. Back in England, Lawrence re-enlisted in the RAF as T.E. Shaw and worked as a mechanic. It was shortly after his retirement that he died in the motorcycle accident. (A neurosurgeon, Hugh Cairns tried to save Lawrence but was unable to do so. The head injuries sustained were similar to many motorcycle accident victims, and later, Sir Hugh Cairns called for the use of crash helmets by military and civilian riders. As a consequence of Lawrence's death, many motorcyclist's lives have been saved.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ljidda.jpg/180px-Ljidda.jpg
Lawrence of Arabia, ca. 1917. Yes, he
does look like Peter O'Toole, only a lot
shorter. O'Toole played Lawrence in David Lean's
1962 blockbuster film,Lawrence of Arabia.

...in 1943, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt plan for the cross-channel invasion of France, the second front of WWII that Joseph Stalin had been asking for since the beginning of the war. Churchill addressed a joint session of Congress and warned that dragging out the war might cause boredom and that the Americans would split, playing into the plans of the Axis. (Sound familiar? Osama bin Laden is waiting out that same boredom.) What would become known as D-Day would also be one of the great secrets kept during the war. The date was set for May 1, 1944, which would face delays due to weather. The plan was to invade France with 29 divisions, including the Free French if at all possible.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/NormandySupply_edit.jpg/782px-NormandySupply_edit.jpg
The invasion at Normandy was the largest amphibious landing in history. Many soldiers reported that
as far as they could see, everything was covered with ships, landing craft and soldiers. The barrage balloons
are tethered with heavy cable to discourage enemy aircraft attacks by ensnaring aircraft and causing them to
crash.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 80 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 2005, Mary Kay Letourneau, 43 years old and fresh out of prison, married 22 year old Vili Fualaau, the father of her two youngest children. Letourneau served a 7-1/2 year sentence for statutory rape because of her relationship with him. During the summer of 1996, the married, 34 year old Letourneau began a sexual relationship with Fualaau, her former sixth grade student, who was just 12 years old. The relationship was found out and in February 1997, Letourneau was arrested for rape. In May, she gave birth to the couple's first child. A judge showed her leniency and suspended her 89 month sentence to six months, she was ordered to attend a treatment program and to not have contact with Fualaau. After her release, she was found in a parked car with Fualaau along with a large amount of cash and baby clothes - it appeared they were about to flee the area. Her sentence was reinstated and Latourneau returned to jail. In October, she gave birth to their second daughter. Meanwhile, Fualaau and his mother, Soona, sued the school district for over $2 million, claiming the school did not protect the boy. A jury ruled against them. Latourneau was released from prison in August 2004. Since Fualaau had grown into an adult, the ban on contact was lifted and nine months later, they were married.

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_XHQDQKLYoN4/SZ4RKPwWsxI/AAAAAAAAAiY/Jak1J8vXelY/s320/Mary+Kay+Letourneau+and+Vili+Fualaau%5B2%5D.jpg


...in 1899, Jacob German, a driver of a cab for the Electric Vehicle Company in New York, was arrested for driving his cab at the breakneck speed of 12 miles per hour. He was booked and held in jail. Is it a surprise the first American arrested for speeding would be a New York hack?

...in 1873, Levi Strauss, acting on the request of a tailor from Reno, Nevada, secured a patent for canvas pants reinforced at stress points with copper rivets. Strauss was a Bavarian emmigre who was selling dry goods in the east. His brother in law encouraged him to travel to California to supply the gold rush miners. While in California, he was unable to sell a large supply of canvas, so he cut it up to make work pants. Miners had been complaining for years that conventional pants wore out too quickly and applauded Strauss for his invention. Jacob Davis, a tailor in Reno, wrote to Strauss and told him about reinforcing stress points in the canvas pants with copper rivets. He wanted to file a patent on the riveted pants concept, but he didn't have funds for a patent...well...Strauss applied for the patent and made Davis his production manager. Later, he converted the material to denim and the rest is history. Strauss never married, and with no progeny, he left his factory to his nephews upon his death in 1902.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Levi_Strauss.jpg/225px-Levi_Strauss.jpg
Levi Strauss (1829-1902) left
his factory and business to his
nephews, who rebuilt the factory
after the 1906 earthquake and fire.

...in 1927 at 7:52 AM, Charles Lindburgh took off from Roosevelt Field on Long Island, starting his attempt to make the first non-stop flight between New York and Paris. He flew a monoplane. the Ryan NYP (for "New York to Paris") that was based on an existing Ryan airplane, but with several of his own specifications. He named the aircraft The Spirit of St. Louis in honor of his sponsors, the St. Louis, Missouri Chamber of Commerce. Lindburgh recalled that his greatest challenge was staying awake. After 33-1/2 hours, Lindburgh landed at LeBourget Field in Paris. He was an instant celebrity and helped make commercial aviation a success.

http://www.census.gov/history/img/StLouis1920s.jpg
Lindburgh at Roosevelt Field before his flight.

Lindburgh flew the Spirit of St. Louis on a publicity tour in Europe until the US Navy arrived to ferry Lindburgh and his plane back home. Lindburgh flew the plane on tours until 1928. The last flight of The Spirit of St. Louis was to Washington, D.C. where Lindburgh turned it over to the Smithsonian Institution, where it is still on display. Several replicas of the The Spirit of St. Louis have been constructed, one for the 1938 Paramount film Men with Wings featuring Ray Milland. Three flight-worthy replicas were built for the 1957 Warner Bros. film The Spirit of St. Louis. All three survive, one is in the Missouri History Museum, one is in the Henry Ford Museum and the third is at the Cradle of Aviation Museum in Garden City, NY, not far from where the original took off for Paris. A static replica was built for studio shots by Warner Bros and that replica hangs in the Minneapolis-St. Paul airport. The Experimental Aircraft Association in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, built a replica from a similar Ryan aircraft in honor of the 50th anniversary of Lindburgh's flight. It is on display in Oshkosh, but the demand for the aircraft encouraged them to build another, from scratch, which is on the air show circuit. An airworthy replica was privately built in San Diego and has flown to several air shows. The builder assembled a static replica for display in the San Diego International Airport. Surprisingly, it took until 2002 for a static replica to be built for display at the Lambert International Airport in St. Louis. Two more are in Germany and one is in England. A privately owned replica crashed in England in 2003, killing its owner. There may be more that this reporter could not find.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cb/Spirit_of_St_Louis_at_EAA_Museum.JPG/180px-Spirit_of_St_Louis_at_EAA_Museum.JPG
The EAA in Oshkosh built this replica from
a Ryan Brougham-1 in 1977 for the 50th
anniversary of Linburgh's flight. It toured the
country until it was retired to this display.

http://www.thehenryford.org/exhibits/heroes/recordbreakers/images/spirit_sm.jpg
This replica is in The Henry Ford Museum in
Dearborn, Michigan. It is one of three that was
built by Warner Bros. for the 1957 film of the
same name. Jimmy Stewart purchased the plane
from Warner Bros.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 61 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1881, Clara Barton and Adolphus Solomons founded the American National Red Cross in Dansville, NY. Barton worked with the wounded during the Civil War, becoming known as the Angel of the Battlefield. With extensive records in hand, she was appointed by President Lincoln to search for lost POWs. Using a list of dead smuggled out of Andersonville by Dorence Atwater, and with his help, the two of them succeeded in indentifying thousands of Union dead at the Andersonville Prison. In 1870, she was in Europe and went behind German lines during the Franco-Prussian War (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-may-10-2009-a-52436/) while working for the International Red Cross. Back in the United States, she worked to charter the American Red Cross. It received a federal charter in 1900, while Clara Barton presided over the Red Cross until 1904, when she was 83. She died in 1912 while her organization lives on.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/WcbbustCBarton2.jpg/225px-WcbbustCBarton2.jpg
Clara Barton (1821 - 1912)
The Angel of the Battlefield

...in 1901, the first automobilespeed limit was instituted. So, the next time you're pulled over for a speeding ticket, remember Representative Robert Woodruff of Connecticut, who proposed a bill that made the rural speed limit 12 mph and 8 mph in the city. (New Amsterdam, in 1652 before it was New York, instituted a speed limit for horses, carriages, sleighs, prohibiting the vehicles to be operated at "a gallop.")

...in 1927, Charles Lindburgh completed his cross-Atlantic flight by landing The Spirit of St. Louis at Le Bourget Field in Paris, the first non-stop solo flight across the Atlantic. His flight took 33-1/2 hours from Roosevelt Field in Long Island, New York. And exactly five years later...

...in 1932, Amelia Earhart completed a non-stop, solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean, the first woman to accomplish the feat. She took off from Harbour Grace, Newfoundland and landed in Ireland, 2,000 miles in 14 hours 56 minutes. Lindburgh was a virtual unknown when he made his flight but Earhart was already a media darling. In 1928, she was part of a crew that crossed the Atlantic, and although she was the navigator and never took the yoke, she was the first woman to cross the Atlantic non-stop as a part of that crew. In 1935, while attempting to fly around the world with co-pilot Frederick J. Noonan, her plane disappeared in the South Pacific on July 2, 1937.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/AE.jpg/140px-AE.jpg
Amelia Earhart, 1932

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lockheed_Vega_5b_Smithsonian.jpg/180px-Lockheed_Vega_5b_Smithsonian.jpg
Amelia Earhardt made her solo flight
across the Atlantic in this Lockheed Vega V-5,
now on display at the Smithsonian.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 78 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1843, 1,000 settlers and 1,000 head of cattle set out from Independence, Missouri to start the "Great Emigration" to Oregon. The wagon train followed the Santa Fe Trail for about 40 miles before turning north to the Platte River. West of Fort Laramie, Wyoming, the Oregon Trail turned north to head for Fort Boise, the last stop for supplies before tackling the rest of the journey over the Blue Mountains. The Great Emigration made the 2,000 mile trek in about five months. Four more wagon trains took the Oregon Trail in 1844 and in 1845, more than 3,000 people used the Oregon Trail. The California Trail used the same Platte River route, but continued west from Fort Laramie to Salt Lake City, making a loop around the south side of the Great Salt Desert, then over the Sierra Nevada at Donner Pass. Eventually, the Union Pacific would lay its rails along the same trail, as did the Lincoln Highway a few decades later, followed by Interstate 80 - all following the route that was used starting this date in 1843.

...in 1939, Italy and Germany signed the "Pact of Steel" to form the Axis Powers. In September of 1940, Japan would also sign the pact, making the "Pact of Steel" into the Tripartate Pact. Also on this date, but in 1944, Britain and American forces began Operation Chattanooga Choo-Choo. It was a concentrated effort to bomb German railway yards and rights-of-way. The operation was a success as it left German scrambling to find enough labor to repair the lines. The real purpose, of course, was to cripple the Nazi mechanism for the distribution of ammunition, and to soften up the logistical system in preparation of D-Day.

...in 1868, the Reno Gang climbed aboard a Jeffersonville, Madison and Indianapolis Railroad train at the Marshfield, Indiana depot. As the train pulled out, part of the gang overpowered the engineer while others uncoupled the passenger cars, allowing the locomotive and express car to speed off. They threw the express manager off the train (resulting in his death) and made off with about $96,000.00. It was the fouth train robbery by Frank, John and Bill Reno and their gang and gave them national notoriety. On July 9, they made their fifth attempt but there were 10 Pinkertons on board, waiting for them. All of the gang, except Volney Elliot, escaped. Elliot ratted out the rest of the gang and the Pinkerton detectives rounded them all up. While being transported to Seymour, Indiana, a group of masked men pulled them from the train and lynched the gang. On July 27, the Pinkertons arrested Bill and Simeon Reno in Indianapolis, but they suffered the same fate, lynched from the same tree in a town now known as Hangman Crossing, Indiana.

...in 1977, Janet Guthrie qualified for the Indianapolis 500, the first woman to qualify for the premier race in America, if not the world. She finished 29th out of the field of 33 cars, after completing only 27 of the 200 laps, due to the failure of a timing gear. She finished the 1978 Indy in ninth place, a remarkable achievement and not because she finished at all but because she lacked the huge corporate sponsorship that is behind most Indy racing teams. "Drag racing gets more women because it costs about a tenth of Indy Car racing. It's a very expensive sport. I managed to make do with $120,000 I got from Texaco, but most drivers have between two and three million dollars to work with," she said. Guthrie was an adrenalin-driven racer. She made a parachute jump at 16, got her pilots license at 17, and went to the University of Michigan for aerospace engineering. Guthrie applied to NASA to be a Scientist-Astronaut and actually made the first round of cuts. While working at Republic Aviation, she bought a Jaguar and began SCCA road racing. She drove in 33 NASCAR races and placed as high as sixth place and in her 11 Indy car races, finished as high as 5th. (Guthrie made 5 attempts to drive in the Indy 500, she did not qualify in 1976 and 1980, but in 1977-1979 she finished 29th, 9th and 34th respectively.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Janet_Guthrie_Wildcat.JPG/250px-Janet_Guthrie_Wildcat.JPG
Janet Guthrie drove this Wildcat in the
1978 Indy 500, finishing in 9th place.

http://www.janetguthrie.com/images/bookcover3x5.JPG
Janet Guthrie's autobiography is entitled
Life at Full Throttle which Sports Illustrated called
one of sports literature's all-time best books.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 71 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1900, more than 37 years after his act of heroism during the Civil War, Sgt. William Harvey Carney was presented with the Congressional Medal of Honor, the first American of African descent to be awarded the highest military honor bestowed on military heroes. Actually, Robert Blake was awarded the MOH in 1864, however, even though the presentation was late, Sgt. Carney's courageous actions took place at Fort Wagner before anyone else's. Carney was born a slave in Virginia but escaped to Massachusetts via the underground railroad, following his father. The two of them went back and pulled the rest of their family out of slavery. In the 54th Massachusetts Volunteers, he was part of an attack on Fort Wagner in Charleston, SC. According to the citation of the Medal of Honor presentation, Sgt. Carney bravely planted the flag to rally the troops, then carried the flag safely back behind Union lines. "When the color sergeant was shot down, this soldier grasped the flag, led the way to the parapet, and planted the colors thereon. When the troops fell back he brought off the flag, under a fierce fire in which he was twice severely wounded." When he arrived back in camp and handed off the flag, he said to his unit, "Boys, I only did my duty; the old flag never touched the ground!" (The assault on Fort Wagner is depicted in the movie Glory.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/WilliamCarney.jpeg/200px-WilliamCarney.jpeg
Sergeant William Harvey Carney (1840-1908)

...in 1911, the New York Public Library was dedicated in a ceremony presided over by President William Howard Taft. It is the largest marble structure ever built in the United States and occupies a two block section of Fifth Avenue between 40th and 42nd Streets. In the late 19th century, New York was growing very quickly but did not have a libarary large enough to support the population. The largest libraries, the Astor and Lennox libraries, were separate entities. In 1886, former governor Samuel J. Tilden passed on, leaving the city $2.4 million to "establish and maintain a free library and reading room in the city of New York." On May 23, 1895, the Astor and Lennox libraries agreed to merge with the Tilden Trust to form the New York Public Library that was dedicated 16 years to the day. In 1901, philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, known for his generousity in distributing funds for libraries, made a $5.2 million gift to the library to open branch libraries. There are over 2 million cardholders, more than any other library system in the nation. Unlike other libraries, the New York Library was not created by government decree and was built by a private organization.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/NYC_Public_Library_Research_Room_Jan_2006.jpg/500px-NYC_Public_Library_Research_Room_Jan_2006.jpg
The Rose Reading Room

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_TZ4zYEBSw1I/SNLuX21k5_I/AAAAAAAAFs0/dkcYGtyxtXU/s400/library_lions_patience.jpg http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_TZ4zYEBSw1I/SNLuYQKXvBI/AAAAAAAAFs8/2vt6oppKyRQ/s400/library_lions_fortitude.jpg
Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia used to conclude his radio broadcasts with the words "Patience and Fortitude." He also
nicknamed The New York Public Library’s lions "Patience" and "Fortitude" for the qualities he felt New Yorkers needed
to survive the Great Depression.

...in 1945, Heinrich Himmler committed suicide by swallowing a cyanide pill, the day after being arrested by the Brisith military. Himmler was the head of the Waffen-Schutzstaffel, the military arm of the Nazi party, and he was also the second in command of the Gestapo. By controlling all the police in the Reich, Himmler weilded immense power to eliminate all opposition to the party. Himmler was also the architect of "The Final Solution" creating the death camps and concentration camps that provided slave labor.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6f/HLHimmler.jpg/225px-HLHimmler.jpg
Heinrich Himmler (1900-1945)

...in 1934, Clyde Champion Barrow and Bonnie Parker met their doom when they were ambushed by combined forces of the Louisiana State Police and Texas State Police in Bienville Parish, Louisiana. In 1930, Clyde met the 19 year old Bonnie Parker in Texas, where she was tending bar. She was married to a convicted murderer who was serving a life sentence. Clyde was a small-time hoodlum who was, shortly after they met, arrested for burglary and sent to prison. Bonnie smuggled a guy into the prison and aided Clyde in breaking out. Over the next two years, the two ran a crime spree that resulted in (at least) 13 murders and untold stolen cars, almost all of them Fords. They successfully evaded capture in Texas, Louisiana, New Mexico and Missouri. Clyde's brother, Buck and his wife, Blanche, joined the gang. In June 1933, the gang was surrounded at the Red Crown Tavern in Platte City, near Kansas City, Missouri, the gang again eluded authorities during a horrific gun fight. Buck took a bullet in the head as the gang made their escape to Dexter, Iowa. Buck died of his wounds in Iowa and Blanche was taken into custody. Meanwhile, Bonnie and Clyde escaped to Lousiana, where they were ambushed. Their stolen 1934 Ford (see photo below) was riddled with machine gun fire for two full minutes. The 1967 Warren Beatty-Faye Dunaway movie Bonnie & Clyde portrayed the couple as a carefree, charming and irreverant pair of Robin Hoods. Such was not the case. Although contemporary reports say Bonnie never wielded a gun (but was a talented re-loader) Clyde was a cold-blooded killer who murdered at least five police officers in their spree.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bonnieclyde_f.jpg/225px-Bonnieclyde_f.jpg
Bonnie & Clyde hamming it up in
front of a stolen 1932 Ford B-400
convertible sedan.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/BonnieandClyde.jpg
Bonnie & Clyde behind the B-400.

http://texashideout.tripod.com/shotcar.jpg
The Last Ride

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 53 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1844, -.-. --- -. --. .-. . ... ... / .-- .. - -. . ... ... . -.. / .- / -.. . -- --- -. ... - .-. .- - .. --- -. / --- ..-. / .- / -- .- -.-. .... .. -. . --..-- / .. -. ...- . -. - . -.. / -... -.-- / ... .- -- ..- . .-.. / ..-. .-.-.- -... .-.-.- / -- --- .-. ... . --..-- / -.-. .- .-.. .-.. . -.. / .- / - . .-.. . --. .-. .- .--. .... .-.-.- / .... . / ... . -. - / .- / -- . ... ... .- --. . / ..-. .-. --- -- / - .... . / ..- .-.-.- ... .-.-.- / -.-. .- .--. .. - --- .-.. / - --- / .- .-.. ..-. .-. . -.. / ...- .- .. .-.. / .. -. / -... .- .-.. - .. -- --- .-. . --..-- / -- .- .-. -.-- .-.. .- -. -.. .-.-.- / - .... . / -- . ... ... .- --. . / .-- .- ... --..-- / .-..-. .-- .... .- - / .... .- - .... / --. --- -.. / .-- .-. --- ..- --. .... - ..--.. .-..-. / ...- .- .. .-.. / ... . -. - / - .... . / ... .- -- . / -- . ... ... .- --. . / -... .- -.-. -.- / - --- / - .... . / -.-. .- .--. .. - --- .-.. / ... . -.-. --- -. -.. ... / .-.. .- - . .-. .-.-.-

(It says...Congress witnessed a demonstration of a machine, invented by Samuel F.B. Morse, called a telegraph. He sent a message from the U.S. Capitol to Alfred Vail in Baltimore, Maryland. The message was, "What Hath God Wrought?" Vail sent the same message back to the Capitol seconds later.)

Morse was a painter and was well respected for his portraiture. He was inspired by a French inventor who had an impractical idea for an electric telegraph. He spent 12 years perfecting the device and during that same time, created his alphabet to encode messages for the telegraph. In the 10 years after the first commercial telegraph line was installed, more than 20,000 miles of telegraph lines criss-crossed the country. The first telegraph line to California put the Pony Express out of business. More importantly, it not only improved communications, it improved safety in railroad transportation while enhancing train dispatching.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Morse_tegraph.jpg/180px-Morse_tegraph.jpg
The original Morse telegraph.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Samuel_Finley_Breeze_Morse_002.jpg/180px-Samuel_Finley_Breeze_Morse_002.jpg
Mrs. Daniel de Saussure Bacot, a
portrait by Samuel F.B. Morse.

...in 1987, Al Unser Sr. became the oldest winner of the Indianapolis 500, just 5 days short of his 48th birthday. It was his fourth Indy 500 win, the second of only three men to win the race four times. Unser wasn't going to drive the race, he simply stepped in to replace Danny Ongais who was injured. Unser Sr. also won 39 races on the Indy circuit, sat on the pole 29 times and won over $6 million. He retired in 1992 but the Unser family is well entranched in racing. Al Sr.'s brother Bobby won the Indy 500 three times. Older brother Jerry, the first Unser to race at Indy, qualified in 1958 but went out in a spectacular 13-car accident from which he walked away, but he died in a practice crash at Indy in 1959. Al's son, Al Unser Jr., also won the big race, making Al Sr., the only man to have a sibling and son with the race. Nephews Johnny and Robby have also run at Indianapolis, as has his grandson, Al Unser III.

...in 1935, Major League Baseball held the first night game at Crosley Field in Cincinatti. (25,000 fans watched the Reds beat the Phillies 2-1.) It was not the first night game in professional baseball, that was in Des Moines, Iowa on May 2, 1930. Slowly, every major league team moved to a night schedule. The last holdout was the Chicago Cubs, but even with lights on Wrigley Field, the Cubs still play a majority of their home games during the day.

...in 1917, the first convoy set sail in an attempt to thwart the ever-increasing threat of submarine warfare. The British navy had resisted convoys, afraid that the ships ordered to convoy duty would not be available for war duty. By 1917, the tonnage of vessels lost was staggering, so the concept of a convoy was brought to light. A convoy would consist of 10-50 merchant ships along with a cruiser, six destroyers, torpedo boats and air support to see disturbances in the water that would indicate submarine activity. With the introduction of convoys, German U-boat damages dropped precipitously, along with the German strategy of starving Great Britain into submission.

...in 1929, the Marx Brothers, Groucho, Harpo, Chico and Zeppo, first appeared on film with the release of The Cocoanuts. The story had been a successful Broadway play before "Minnie's Boys" made the jump to Hollywood. Seven films were made with four of the brothers and after Zeppo left the movie act, nine more films were made by three brothers, Groucho, Harpo and Chico.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Marx_Brothers_1931.jpg/180px-Marx_Brothers_1931.jpg
Top to bottom: Chico, Harpo,
Groucho and Zeppo.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

A Blessed Memorial Day to you all. This is traditionally a day of remembrance for fallen American soldiers. Originally called Decoration Day, it was created to honor the fallen of the Civil War and is held close to the date of American reunification. Although her disappearance is not of a military nature, Paige is in all of our thoughts today. There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 59 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

In May of 2005, the lost Balao Class submarine, USS Lagarto, was located at a depth of 230 feet in the Gulf of Thailand. The Lagarto disappeared sometime in early May of 1945 while on patrol in the Gulf of Siam. Records of a Japanese minelayer indicated the sinking of an American submarine on May 4, which was most likely the Lagarto. In June, 2006, divers from the US Navy surveyed the wreckage and observed the word "MANITOWOC" on the brass propellers, linking the wreck to Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company, in Manitowoc, Wisconsin, where the Lagarto was launched on May 28, 1944. 28 submarines were built by Manitowoc Shipbuilding in WWII, four did not return, the Lagarto being one of the four. Commander Frank D. Latta was in command of the Lagarto. According to the wreck divers, a forward outer torpedo door is open, the rudder is hard of port and and dive planes are aimed in a steep dive. The Lagarto went down fighting with all 86 hands.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/USS_Lagarto_%28SS-371%29.jpg/300px-USS_Lagarto_%28SS-371%29.jpg
The USS Lagarto during sea trials in Lake Michigan.
She disappeared on May 4, 1945 with all 86 hands.

http://divehappy.com/photos/lagarto-dive/flag.jpg
The site of the USS Lagarto is secret, known only to the US Navy and the
wreck divers. It is considered a war grave and is treated with utmost respect. The
hull is considered sealed, and penetration of the hull and removal of any object from
the submarine is strictly prohibited. The wreck divers, at the request of the familes
of the deceased, placed this flag on the conning tower of the Lagarto. The 86
submariners, entombed inside the hull, are no longer considered MIA, providing
closure for their families. RIP USS Lagarto.

On this date in History...

...in 1961, President John F. Kennedy addressed a special joint session of Congress. He began his address by saying that the President is directed from time to time to address Congress on the state of the union. "..this tradition has been broken in extraordinary times. These are extraordinary times." He went on to describe the challenge presented by the Soviet Union, that the United States was behind in the space race. Later in the address, though, he made one of his most important, and best remembered, statements about space:

I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth. No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind, or more important for the long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish. We propose to accelerate the development of the appropriate lunar space craft. We propose to develop alternate liquid and solid fuel boosters, much larger than any now being developed, until certain which is superior.

We propose additional funds for other engine development and for unmanned explorations -- explorations which are particularly important for one purpose which this nation will never overlook: the survival of the man who first makes this daring flight. But in a very real sense, it will not be one man going to the moon-if we make this judgment affirmatively, it will be an entire nation. For all of us must work to put him there.

The race was on - Project Mercury, Project Gemini and Project Apollo, culminating with the splash-down of Apollo 11 on July 23, 1969, after Neil Armstrong and Ed Aldrin landed on the surface of the moon while Michael Collins orbited the moon in the command module. The flight of Apollo 11 reached the goal set by President Kennedy on this date in 1961.

http://www.jfklibrary.org/NR/rdonlyres/94BF7172-FDAB-46BF-9118-32F1829A539F/23382/94BF7172FDAB46BF911832F1829A539F2.jpg
The President watches the flight of Alan Shepard on May 5, 1961 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index276.html#post646120). (Left to Right) Attorney General Robert Kennedy, McGeorge Bundy, Vice President Johnson, Arthur Schlesinger, Admiral Arleigh Burke, President Kennedy, Mrs. Kennedy. White House,Office of the President's Secretary. Photograph by Cecil Stoughton, White House. Photo from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston.

...in 1992, Jay Leno appeared for the first time as the host of NBC's The Tonight Show, replacing Johnny Carson, who retired after 30 years of hosting the popular late night show. The idea for the show's format came from the fertile mind of Steve Allen, who hosted a local version of a late night show in New York. Allen hosted the show when it moved to the network in 1954. Mostly, Allen played the piano and cracked jokes, sometimes chatting with guests. A frequent bit was a "man on the street" with Tom Posten, Louis Nye and Don Knotts. Jack Paar took the show in the late 1950s and gave way to Johnny Carson in 1962. Carson's bits are too numerous to list here, but favorites included "Carnac, the Magnificent" and skits by "The Mighty Carson Art Players" that usually included at least one of the episode's guests. Carson's recurring bit characters included Carnac, Art Fern, Floyd R. Turbo and Aunt Blabby. When Leno took over the show, he also created several bit characters, including "Beyondo" but most fell flat and were dropped. His "Jay Walking" segments have been quite popular. Leno's last show as host of The Tonight Show will be on May 29th with his replacement being Conan O'Brien. Leno will move to his own prime time program on NBC.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/JayLeno.jpg/245px-JayLeno.jpg
Jay Leno ca. 2006

...in 1935, at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh, Babe Ruth went four for four, hitting his 712th, 713th and 714th home runs, his last, setting a record that would be held for 39 years before being broken by Henry Aaron.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Babe_Ruth2.jpg/256px-Babe_Ruth2.jpg
George Herman Ruth, Jr. (1895-1948)

...in 1979, at the begining of the Memorial Day weekend, a DC-10 taking off from Chicago's O'Hare Airport, reached an altitude of 400 feet before it rolled on its side, plunged into an open area and exploded on impact. 271 passengers and crew on board perished in the crash and two more people perished on the ground. The fire burned so hot that firefighters were unable to get to the wreckage for about an hour after the crash. Although the cause was unknown immediately, the FAA impounded all DC-10 airliners until the cause was found; faulty maintenance allowed a bolt on the engine mount to work loose. It damaged hydraulic lines in the wing and caused the engine to literally fall off the aircraft. The plane, in theory, should have been able to fly with the remaining two engines, however, the loss of hydraulic power caused the flaps to retract and the craft lost vital lift power as a result. The FAA fined American Airlines $500,000.00 for the error. The crash of Flight 191 was the worst domestic disaster in U.S. History.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/Aa191_ohare.jpg/260px-Aa191_ohare.jpg
This remarkable photograph shows the doomed
airliner in its unrecoverable bank just before impact.
The No. 1 engine is clearly missing, it was
severed on the runway during takeoff. Photo courtesy
of American Airlines.

...in 1977, Star Wars premiered. Even though there was a great deal of consternation over the title - Episode IV: A New Hope - the movie broke all-time box office records with many people, young and old alike, returning to see it again and again. The film won seven Academy Awards for technical features and John Williams' score. (The film had a great influence on popular culture, including politics. In 1984, President Ronald Reagan rolled out the Strategic Defense Initiative, a missile defense program that President Reagan's detractors immediately branded "Star Wars" because they considered it science fiction and they were attempting to tie it Mr. Reagan's film career. He was steamed, but Assistant Secretary of Defense Richard Perle told him, "...it's not so bad. Why not? It was a good movie and the good guys won." The name picked up traction, especially when President Reagan referred to the Soviet Union as the Evil Empire. The "Star Wars' nickname proved so popular that President Bill Clinton changed the name of SDI and distanced himself the nickname.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Star_Wars_Logo.svg/250px-Star_Wars_Logo.svg.png
The ubiquitous title card

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 68 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1907, in Winterset, Iowa, Marion Michael Morrison was born, the son of a pharmacist named Clyde L. Morrison. As a child, his constant companion was an Airdale Terrier named Duke, and soon he acquired the nickname of Duke, himself. His father's health prompted a move to Glendale, California, where the family settled on an 80 acre farm. Duke delivered papers, went to school and football practice, then delivered prescriptions for his father's pharmacy that happened to be in the same building with a theater - so Duke saw at least 4 movies a week. He also watched Triangle Pictures shoot films near his ranch. He was a standout football player at USC, and like other athletes, got a part-time job moving scenery at Fox Studios. In his second year, he broke his ankle and dropped out of school, but kept the scenery mover job. He came to the attention of director, John Ford, and the two would become friends for life, including working in several films together, but his big break came when Raoul Walsh cast the young man in the lead of an expensive film entitled The Big Trail. Mr. Walsh thought "Marion" was too sissy of a name, and he changed it. The Big Trail was a flop, but Duke went on to some success an Hollywood under his new name, John Wayne.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/john-wayne-usc-football.jpg
Duke Morrison, USC Footballer, who
would go on to some fame under a
different name.
"I play John Wayne in every part
regardless of the character, and I've
been doing okay, haven't I?"
--John "Duke" Wayne

...in 1994, Michael Jackson married Lisa Marie Presley at a secret ceremony. The marriage, like his current appearance, didn't last very long. On December 10, 1995, the couple separated and on January 17, 1996, Lisa Marie filed for divorce, then married Nicolas Cage.
(Q: What does Michael Jackson like about twenty eight year olds?
A: The fact that there are 20 of them.)

http://www.ukhairdressers.com/Celeb%20Wedding/Michael%20Jackson%20and%20Lisa%20Marie%20Presley/Wedding%20Image.jpg
The Not-so-happy couple.

...in 1978, the first casino opened in Atlantic City. Atlantic City had been a popular resort and tourist area in the early 20th century and its street names were preserved forever in the game Monopoly. After WWII, it declined in popularity and in quality. Many of the old hotels, if not torn down, were converted to low-income apartments or nursing homes. In 1974, voters approved gambling and the rebirth of Atlantic City began. The once-luxurious, but now aged, Chalfonte-Haddon Hotel on the corner of North Carolina Avenue (Rent: $1,275 with Hotel) and Pacific Avenue (Rent: $1,275 with Hotel) was acquired by Resorts International. The 1000 guest rooms were reduced to 566 to allow the creation of casino, restaurants and shops, and the rest were remodeled to fit the city's required 325 square-foot per room code. It re-opened on this date in 1978 as the Resorts International. After all that, it was torn down in 1980 to make room for a parking lot.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Chalfonte_Hotel_Atlantic_City_1905_Advertisement.j pg/200px-Chalfonte_Hotel_Atlantic_City_1905_Advertisement.j pg
The Chalfonte Hotel reopened as
Resorts International on this date in
1978, the first casino on the east coast.

...in 1896, the Dow Jones Industrial Average was created and published in the Wall Street Journal. The DJIA consisted of 12 major stocks, the intent then, as it is now, is to give a daily snapshot of the performance of the stock market. Of the original 12 members, only General Electric is currently (hehehehe, just for you, Rae) part of the modern index. The other 11 members were American Cotton Oil Co (an ancestor of Bestfoods, now part of Unilever) American Sugar Co (Domino Foods) American Tobacco Company (broken up in 1911) Chicago Gas Co (now part of Integrys Energy Group) Distilling & Cattle Feeding Co (Millennium Chemicals) Laclede Gas Light Company (now The Laclede Group but pulled from the DJIA in 1899) Nation Lead Co (removed from the DJIA in 1916) North American Company (it was the Edison Electric Company that was broken up in the 1940s) Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Co (U.S. Steel bought it in 1907) U.S. Leather Co (dissoved in 1952) and United States Rubber Co (became Uniroyal, merged with B.F. Goodrich and was bought by Michelin in 1990.) The DJIA stood at 40.94 on this date, but went as low as 28.48 in 1896. It climbed to 381.17 on September 3, 1929 but plummeted to 230.07 on October 29, 1929. (That was not the lowest DJIA of the Great Depression, that came in 1932.) For all that is said of the New Deal and WWII ending the Great Depression, the DJIA did not rise above the 1929 peak until 1954. As for the current DJIA being the worst since the Great Depression? Not even close. The market plummeted on Black Monday (October 19, 1987) when it dropped 22.61%, the largest one day drop in history. In comparison to these closings, the DJIA was 8277.32 on Friday, May 22, 2009. (Down 14.81 from the May 21.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/DJIA_historical_graph_to_jan09_%28log%29.svg/400px-DJIA_historical_graph_to_jan09_%28log%29.svg.png
The Dow Jones Industrial Average 1896-2008

...in 1897, Bram Stoker's famous novel Dracula went on sale in London. Stoker, a former soccer star from Ireland, wrote 17 novels in his career but it was Dracula that made the largest impact, earning him respect and literary fame and is held up as a masterpiece of Victorian Gothic literature. Stoker originally called the lead character Count Wampyr but in the writings of a diplomat named Wilkinson, he encountered the word "dracul" from the Romanian language, meaning "devil." He used a variation of the word, Dracula, for the antagonist's name. Vampires, undead who leave their graves at night in order to drink blood of human victims, were part of folk tales for centuries. The book was only moderately successful, in fact, it was not even mentioned in Stoker's obituary when he died in 1912. In 1931, Universal Studios released a film based on the book, starring Hungarian actor Bela Lugosi in the role of Dracula. It launched a career for Lugosi, although he was forever typecast, and it relaunched the sale of Stoker's book. Dozens upon dozens of vampire stories, movies and television series have been made since the film was a hit in 1931.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Henry_Irving_portrait.jpg
Sir Henry Irving, a Shakespearean actor and
employer of Stoker, was the inspiration for the
personality of Dracula, suave, debonair and a
gentleman in every way. Irving, of course, did not
have Dracula's penchant for blood. Although the role
was perfect for Irving, he never agreed to play the
role on stage.

...in 1959, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, pitcher Harvey Haddix of the Pittsburgh Pirates threw the greatest game in history, 12 perfect innings against the Milwaukee Braves, but lost. It was the first time a pitcher threw more than nine perfect innings in major league history. (A perfect inning is three up, three down, no one reaches base via any of the nine ways a batter can get to first base.) Unfortunately for Haddix, Milwaukee pitcher Lew Burdette matched him inning-for-shutout-inning although Burdette gave up 12 hits and two walks. In the 13th, Felix Mantilla beat out a ground ball that Don Hoak threw in the dirt. It was an error, so Haddix still had a no-hitter although the perfect game was over. Ediie Mathews sacrificed Mantilla to second. He intentionally walked Hank Aaron, who was leading the league in hitting at the time. Joe Adcock next hit a three-run home run, except that in his jubilation, Adcock passed Aaron on the base path. Umpire Frank Friscoli called him out and changed the homer to a two-run double. It didn't matter, the Braves beat Haddix and the Pirates 2-0, ending the greatest game ever pitched and one of the most bizarre stories in major league history. Lew Burdette called Haddix in the visitor's clubhouse after the game. The way he told reporters was that he'd give it up if he could. "I called Harvey that night in the visiting clubhouse. I told him 'I realize I got what I wanted, a win, but I'd really give it up because you pitched the greatest game that's ever been pitched in the history of baseball. It was a damned shame you had to lose.' "

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/haddix_11_330.jpg
The long walk back to the dugout.
(Courtesy of the Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had XXX candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1940, the evacuation of the British at Dunkirk took a tragic and atrocious turn. Just 50 miles from Dunkirk, where a flotilla of british ships, boats and almost anything that floated awaited to take them home to England, 99 members of the Royal Norfolk Regiment soldiers bravely fought off a company of SS Soldiers. Holed up in a farmhouse, with ammunition gone, the troops agreed to surrender and left the farmhouse with white flags tied to their bayonets. They were greeted by German machine gun fire. Desperate, they tried again, this time ordered by an English-speaking German to an open field where they were stripped of everything they had of value, from cigarettes to gas masks. They were ordered to line up against a barn wall. When everyone had reached the wall, a voice called out, "FIRE!" and the machine guns mowed down the British regiment. Almost all who survived, except two, were bayoneted or shot with hand guns. Albert Pooley and William O'Callaghan survived by playing dead. After dark, the two survivors crawled to a farmhouse where their wounds were tended. The bodies were hastilly buried along the barn wall the next day. Pooley was badly injured, but the two managed to avoid capture - for a time. They were discovered and held as POWs. In 1943, Pooley's injuries were so bad that he was repatriated in exchange for wounded German soldiers. No one in England believed his story. When O'Callaghan returned and told the same story, a formal inquiry was made. After the war, Albert Pooley made it his personal task to hunt down Captain Fritz Knöchlein, who gave the order to fire, and bring him to justice. The bodies were exhumed and reburied in a French war cemetery. Knöchlein was found guilty of a war atrocity and was hanged on January 28, 1949.

http://www.stephen-stratford.co.uk/assets/thetwoarrive.jpg
William O'Callaghan and Albert Pooley, in Hamburg
for the trial of Captain Fritz Knöchlein.

...in 1972, Mark Donahue set the speed record at the Indianapolis 500 at 163.645 MPH, six MPH faster than the previous record. Donahue was a talented racer, winning in several different venues. He was the 1965 SCCA Driver of the Year, he won the 1973 Winston Cup. He won the first IROC race in 1974 and retired from driving to run Roger Penske's Winston Cup team. The bug still had him, though, and he decided to try his hand at Formula One. On August 19, 1975, he punctured a front tire in a tight turn at 160 MPH. His car spun out of control, crashed through four barricade fences and several billboards. He died in surgery to remove a blood clot from his brain.

...in 1937, the Golden Gate Bridge opened, one of the most recognizable icons in the world. On this date, the bridge was open to pedestrians only, allowing residents an opportunity to closely inspect the bridge. The Golden Gate Bridge was a marvel of technology and achievment when it opened, after only 5 years of construction. Dreamers had proposed bridging the Golden Gate Strait as far back as the 1870s when the completion of the transcontinental railroad brought passengers to Oakland, but not to San Francisco, except by ferry. San Francisco found itself on the wrong side of the bay. ,The challenges of spanning the Golden Gate Strait were many. The Golden Gate is a narrow strait that is the mouth of San Francisco Bay. It is over 350 feet deep and 390 billion gallons of salt water flow through the strait, four times every day, as the tides flow in and out of San Francisco Bay. In addition, high winds swirl through the strait on a nearly continuous basis. All talk was just that, talk, until 1916 when an engineer proposed a 3,000 foot span, estimated to cost $100 million to build. Serious discussions followed, including finding a designer who could build it for a lot less money. Joseph Strauss, an engineer from Chicago, suggested he could build a 4,000 foot structure for $17 million and the project was on. The final plans were completed by Clifford Paine but were influenced by Irving Morrow, an architect who called for the bridge to be painted Internation Orange, a warm color in contrast to the stark surroundings.

Between the time the design sequence was completed and the first dirt was moved, the bridge faced numerous popular and legal challenges, not the least of which was from the Southern Pacific Railroad that operated the ferries between San Francisco and Sausalito. By the time all the hurdles were jumped, the Great Depression has begun and funding was at risk. The Bank of America underwrote the project in order to stimulate the local economy. The final structure is 6,450 feet in length, uses 80,000 miles of wire, the towers are 746 eet above the water and it cost about $35 million, a princely sum in the 1930s.

In 1933, the Civilian Conservation Corps (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilian_Conservation_Corps) improved Muir Woods (http://www.ohranger.com/muir-woods/history) in anticipation of visitors arriving from the bridge. (Attendance in the park tripled after the bridge opened.)

In 1994, the American Society of Civil Engineers named it to their list of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World (http://www.asce.org/history/seven_wonders.cfm).

http://bridgehunter.com/photos/12/42/124295-M.jpg
The Golden Gate Bridge

http://bridgehunter.com/photos/12/42/124293-M.jpg
The view of Marin County from the South Tower.
(Both photos are from the Historical American
Engineering Record, taken by Jet Lowe.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

Happy Birthday, Mrs. P.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 80 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1916, racer Barney Oldfield set a speed record at the Indianapolis Speedway, driving his front-wheel drive Christie to a speed of 102.6 mph. It marked the first time that anyone ran the track in excess of 100 mph. Oldfield was a well-known daredevil and racer that had a knack for being in the presence of famous folks when he made his accomplishments. He drove for Henry Ford before he became famous, in fact, some say Oldfield's victories in the 999 racer made Henry Ford, but Ford was the one who picked the former bicycle racer, and Ford might very well have made Oldfield. Perhaps, they made each other.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Rc06258.jpg/250px-Rc06258.jpg
Oldfield in his Blitzen Benz. So well known
as a racer, he inspired the slang, "Who do
you think you are, Barney Oldfield?"

...in 1937, the Golden Gate Bridge opened to vehicular traffic. Yesterday, you read that the bridge opened that day, which it did, but for pedestrians only. After everyone got to see the bridge up close and personal, on this date, cars began to use the storied icon.

http://bridgehunter.com/photos/12/42/124291-M.jpg
Drivers pay a toll southbound but not northbound. Over
on the San Francisco Bay Bridge, toll is paid in Oakland
not from San Francisco to Oakland. That means that
San Francisco is the only city in the United States
with a cover charge.

...in 1940, King Leopold III of Belgium, after nearly 3 weeks of ceaseless bombardment and attacks, surrendered unconditionally to the Nazis. Belgium had been a convenient battleground for wars between France and Germany for centuries, and seeing the military build-up in Germany, prepared Belgium for war. Unfortunately, he neglected to ally himself with the British, who came at the last minute anyway. The German Army had invaded Belgium on May 10 and overwhelmed the Belgian army from the beginning. The defenders fought on bravely but were simply out-manned, out-gunned and overwhelmed. King Leopold sent a message to the Germans, asking for a cease-fire. The reply was unconditionally surrender or destruction. The King took surrender. The Belgian government retreated to exile to the short-term safety of Paris, and decried the surrender. Even Winston Churchill said that King Leopold made the correct choice, even though the British evacuation at Dunkirk was further endangered. King Leopold was captured by the Nazis and confined to the palace in house arrest. A large Belgian resistance developed during the war, protecting Antwerp and harrassing the Nazi army at every turn.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Princess_Astrid_engaged_in_1926.jpg/210px-Princess_Astrid_engaged_in_1926.jpg
King Leopold III with his first wife,
Astrid of Sweden, who died in a car
wreck in 1935.

...in 1957, the owners of the National League voted to allow the Brooklyn Trolley Dodgers and the New York Giants to move to Los Angeles and San Francisco at the end of the year. The baseball fans of California were overjoyed, the fans of New York were broken-hearted. The Dodgers were actually on a great run, having won the NL Pennant five times and the World Series once in the previous 8 years. They always packed Ebbets Field and were part of a lucrative radio and television deal they shared with the Giants and hated Yankees. Walter O'Malley, owner of the Dodgers, wanted to move to Los Angeles where a new stadium awaited him, something Brooklyn would not do. The fans of New York consoled themselves by rooting for the hapless Mets, a 1962 expansion team managed by Casey Stengel, that brought mediocre to a new low. Harry Chiti came from Cleveland in a trade for a "player to be named later." Chiti was so bad that the Mets sent him back to Cleveland - the first person to ever be traded for himself. Pitcher Billy Loes said, "The Mets is a good thing. They give everybody jobs. Just like the WPA." Their .250 record was the fourth worst in ML history and prompted columnist Jimmy Breslin to write a book about the season called Can't Anyone Here Play This Game?. In the mid-1960s, things began to turn around. Yogi Berra managed the Mets as they began a rise to excellence and "The Amazin' Mets" won the World Championship in 1969 - a meteoric rise equal to the NASA accomplishment of landing on the moon in the same decade. (Interesting note, one of the initial owners of the Mets was George Herbert Walker, Jr. Does the name sound familiar? It should - he was the uncle of President George Herbert Walker Bush and great-uncle of President George W. Bush.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/08/5262_1062164538.jpg/180px-5262_1062164538.jpg
Walter O'Malley is called, by some, the
most brilliant sports owner of the 20th Century.
He was Dodger legal council when Jackie
Robinson broke the color barrier and owned
the team when it moved to Los Angeles. Fans in
New York have more colorful, and less adoring
names, for the man who engineered the move of
the Giants and Dodgers to California.

...in 1902, the first serious western novel was published by Macmillan Press. Written by Owen Wister, The Virginian was the seminal western that made cowboys into folk heroes. He was of a more cosmopolitan background, having grown up in Philadelphia and attending school in England before he studied music at Harvard, where he graduated summa cum laude. His career never really took off as he became to suffer some kind of an illness that sapped him of all strength and energy. His friend, Teddy Roosevelt, recommended a trip to the west. Wister went to Wyoming where he pronounced the air as "delicious." He went back east, revitalized, and took up practicing law. He went back to Wyoming several times and fondly remembered his experiences when he started writing The Virginian. Every novel, movie, play and television show that deals with the west owes its roots to Owen Wister. "When you call me that, SMILE."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/da/Owen_Wister_from_American_Heritage_Center.jpg http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41GG8ZZXFGL._BO2,204,203,200_PIsitb-sticker-arrow-click,TopRight,35,-76_AA240_SH20_OU01_.jpg (http://www.amazon.com/Virginian-Signet-Classics-Owen-Wister/dp/0451528328)
Owen Wister, author of the novel that inspired a
Broadway play, several movies and a television series,
as well as every western since.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

Happy Birthday, Dad!

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 61 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1848, Wisconsin entered the Union as the 30th state. In 1834, the French explorer, Jean Nicolet, landed in what is now Green Bay. Contrary to urban myth, he did not grant an NFL franchise to Curley Lambeau. The territory changed hands several times, from the French to the British to the United States as part of the Northwest Territory, after the conclusion of the Revolutionary War. The Black Hawk War was settled in 1832 and opened the territory to farming. The territory had been a part of the Michigan territory, which became a state in 1837. At that time, Michigan ended up with the area above Wisconsin, known as the Upper Peninsula, which Michigan got as a settlement of the Toledo War, a border dispute with Ohio. Wisconsin was well glaciated, except in the southwestern part of the state known as the "Driftless Area" where the glacier went around and left stunning landscape such as the area known as the Wisconsin Dells. The eastern part of the state was where the Green Bay Lobe of the last glacier collided with with Lake Michigan Lobe. The Green Bay Lobe carved Green Bay, Lake Winnebago and Geneva Lake. In between the lobes, sub-terranean ice packs later melted, creating "kettles" that can be small depressions (some that are ponds or wetlands) closed valleys or even lakes, such as Elkhart Lake or Geneva Lake. The melting glacier also made some perfectly cone-shaped hills called kames where water, carrying soil rocks and debris rushed through holes formed in the melting and receding glacier. Long ridges, called moraines, are also a regular feature of this area. Other egg-shaped hills were also formed, called drumlins. These features make up the eastern part of the state and because many of them have been cut for roads and railroad tracks, the features attract geologists from around the world. Many of these geological features are preserved in the Kettle-Moraine State Forest. (There are also eskers, moulin kames and crevasse fills but I have enough trouble remembering what a drumlin is.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/IMG_3043.jpg
A kettle in Sheboygan County. There are literally
thousands of these in Wisconsin, from a few feet across
to as large as Geneva Lake.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/IMG_3051.jpg
Dundee Mountain is a kame, and at over 250' in height, is one of the largest ones in the
Kettle-Moraine State Forest. (Picture a sheet of ice that was tall enough to leave a debris pile more than 250' tall!)
The last glacier reached as far south as Louisville, KY and the receding
glacier left many of these interesting features.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/85/Wisconsin_glacial_movements.jpg/300px-Wisconsin_glacial_movements.jpg
A geological map of eastern Wisconsin

...in 1922, the United States Supreme Court ruled that organized baseball did not violate anti-trust laws. A suit had been brought by the owners of a Baltimore franchise of a baseball league called the Federal League that tried to compete with the American and National Leagues, but was unable to do so. The owners of the Baltimore Terrapins sued the American and National Leagues, claiming they were in violation of the Sjerman Anti-trust Act of 1890, designed to limit monopolies in interstate commerse. The plaintiff chose the U.S. District Court of a known trust-buster, Federal Judge Kennesaw Mountain Landis. What the plantiff didn't know was the Kennesaw Mountain Landis was also a great lover of baseball and particularly the Chicago Cubs. Landis delayed the case while the Federal League languished, unable to draw stars away from the competing big leagues. By 1915, the Federal League was bankrupt while the case continued pending. In 1920, Kennesaw Mountain Landis became the commissioner of baseball. He cleaned up the leagues after the Black Sox scandal of 1919, when members of the Chicago White Sox threw the world series after taking bribes from gambling interests. The Supreme Court finally heard the Federal League case in 1922 and ruled that baseball was a sport, not a business, and was therefore exempt from anti-trust legislation. To this day, baseball enjoys the same anti-trust exclusion, while the "sport" is a billion-dollar business. (Landis is remembered as a strong administrator when it was needed, but that he probably stayed too long. Landis kept baseball segregated for the duration of his term, and Jackie Robinson did not break the color barrier until after Landis passed away.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9b/Kenesaw_Mountain_Landis_Baseball.jpg/250px-Kenesaw_Mountain_Landis_Baseball.jpg
Kennesaw Mountain Landis received his name from the
Battle of Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, where his father
lost a leg during the Civil War.

...in 1950, a lawsuit, filed by Preston Tucker against the prosecutors who indicted him for stock fraud, was thrown out of court. (Tucker was cleared on the stock fraud charges.) The entrepreneur had designed and started to built an automobile known as the Tucker in 1947. The car offered cutting-edge design and streamlining that was ahead of its time, as well as safety ideas, such as an enclosed frame to protect occupants in a collision, a padded dash and a cycloptic headlight that turned with the steering wheel. He built 35 cars when the federal government indicted him on stock fraund charges. While the factory was closed by the prosecution, his employees assembled another 16 cars from parts stacked up in the factory. (Four Tuckers were destroyed in accidents and 46 are known to still exist. There are rumors of a 47th car, as well, but that is another whole topic.) In a movie entitled Tucker: A Man and His Dream with Jeff Bridges as Preston Tucker, portrays the factory coming under a Big 3 conspiracy to kill off the company but that is not really true, in fact, the Big 3 silently helped Tucker built his cars by supplying some of the parts he needed. (The steering wheels were from Lincoln and door hardware was from Kaiser, as an example.) Why? Management of the Big 3 were sure Tucker would fail and they wanted to buy his assets, including a huge factory in Chicago, for pennies on the dollar. The stock fraund charges killed the Tucker automobile and Detroit's chances of getting his factory.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Trucker_Car.jpg/300px-Trucker_Car.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/1948_Tucker_Torpedo_rear.jpg/250px-1948_Tucker_Torpedo_rear.jpg
The Tucker still looks modern, 62 years later.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

This is traditional Memorial Day in the United States, although the observance was moved to the last Monday in May by Congress in 1971. Many believe that act has cheapened the day. There is a movement to restore this day, May 30, as Memorial Day to honor Americans who have made the supreme sacrifice for their country. If you agree, observe a moment of silence and respect at 3:00 PM today. Meanwhile, there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 57 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...forescore and seven years ago, the Lincoln Memorial was dedicated in Washington D.C. in a ceremony presided over by Chief Justice William Howard Taft. (Taft was the only former US President to also serve as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.) The Lincoln Memorial Association was founded in 1867 to build a memorial, but a site was not chosen until 1902. Congress authorized construction in 1911, and on Lincoln's Birthday, February 12, 1914, the first stone was laid. The ceremony was held on May 30, 1922 and was attended by Robert Todd Lincoln, the only surving child of Abraham Lincoln. To commemorate the 87th anniversary, Tony Landwehr, a cheese carver from Little Chute, Wisconsin, was commissioned by Cheez-It Crackers to carve a 640 pound block of cheddar cheese into a replica of the memorial.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Lincoln_Memorial_Close-Up.jpg/250px-Lincoln_Memorial_Close-Up.jpg
The Lincoln Memorial was dedicated on this date
forescore and seven years ago.

...in 1911, the first Indianapolis 500 race was run at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana. With the exception of 6 years (1917, 1918, 1942, 1943, 1944 and 1945 during the two World Wars) the race has been held every year since. The speedway was an idea from the fertile mind of entrepreneur Carl G. Fisher of Indianapolis, who happened to love cars and racing. Fisher led a consortium of investors that built the track in 1909, conceived to be crushed stone and tar. The surface proved to be uneven and fatal, so it was repaved with 3.2 million bricks. The bricks are still there, paved over with asphalt, except for a strip, about three feet wide, that serves as the start/finish line. There were 40 cars in the first field, and Fisher was worried about the danger. He started the race by leading the entries with a stock car at 40-45 mph and the concept of the "Pace Car" continues to this day. Race officials are closed-lipped about attendence, but it is estimated that over 400,000 people fill the stands and infield at the track, making the Indy 500 the largest sporting event in the world. It lives up to its moniker, "The greatest spectacle in racing."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d5/Indianapolis_Motor_Speedway.svg/180px-Indianapolis_Motor_Speedway.svg.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/IMS_Centennial_Era.svg/200px-IMS_Centennial_Era.svg.png
The Winged-Wheel logo has been in use since
1909. It is currently on hiatus while the centennial logo
(right) is in use. The traditional logo returns in 2012.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/Starting-line-at-the-Indianapolis-motor-speedway-1985.JPG/180px-Starting-line-at-the-Indianapolis-motor-speedway-1985.JPG
The "Brickyard"'s "Yard of Bricks." The original, exposed, brick paving,
three feet wide, remains visible as the start/finish line.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ims_aerial.jpg/300px-Ims_aerial.jpg
The Indianapolis Motor Speedway was the first facility to use the
term "speedway" in its name. At one time, a nine-hole golf course was
located in the middle of the track, part of a 27-hole layout. It has been
changed to an 18-hole course with 4 holes in the infield, and it has hosted
both PGA and LPGA tournaments in the past.

...in 1431, Joan of Arc was burned at the stake at Place du Vieux-Marche in Rouen. She had acted on the voices of saints who told her to help drive the English from France and restore Charles to the throne. With her brilliant military leadership and ability to rally the French, the English were driven back. Later, she was captured by the Burgundians, who sold her to the British. She was accused of heresy because she acted on the word of God instead of submitting to the church. She died at the age of 19. In 1920, Joan was canonized by the Catholic Church, and the feast of St. Joan is celebrated on this day.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Joan_of_arc_miniature_graded.jpg/250px-Joan_of_arc_miniature_graded.jpg
No one really knows what St. Joan looks like, the
only portrait that she sat for has not survived. This
1485 painting does reflect the mens clothing that she
was known to wear.

...in 1868, the dead of the American Civil War were honored across the country on the first Decoration Day as flowers were placed on the graves of the fallen from both sides of the conflict, under the order of General John A. Logan of the Grand Army of the Republic. General James Garfield made a speech in Arlington National Cemetery before 5,000 volunteers decorated the graves of 20,000 Union and Confederate soldiers buried there. The observation of Decoration Day was inspired by several cities that claimed to have started the tradition. By the end of the 19th Century, Decoration Day was being observed, unofficially, in many locations around the country. After the World War, Decoration Day expanded to honor all American war dead. Although there is evidence that the tradition started in the CSA while the Civil War raged on, in 1966, President Lyndon B. Johnson declared Waterloo, New York as the birthplace of Memorial Day, because Waterloo had documented a celebration on May 5, 1866 and made it an annual affair. Congress moved the observance of Memorial Day to the last Monday of May in 1971. Many feel it has taken away the meaning and reverance of the day, making it into just another three day weekend. The "National Moment of Remembrance" resolution was passed in December 2000 that requests that at 3:00 PM, Americans observe a personal ..."Moment of remembrance and respect, pausing from whatever they are doing for a moment of silence."

http://www.cal-mum.com/holiday/poppy.gif

When you see a member of the VFW
selling "Buddy Poppies" today, be sure
to buy one and wear it proudly, in
remembrance of those who gave their
all in order to preserve your way of life.

In Flander's Field
by John McCrae
In Flanders Fields the poppies blow,
Between the crosses, row on row,
That mark our place; and in the sky,
The larks, still bravely singing, fly,
Scarce heard amid the guns below.
We are the dead.
Short days ago,
We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,
Loved and were loved and now we lie,
In Flanders Fields.
Take up our quarrel with the foe
To you, from failing hands, we throw,
The torch, be yours to hold it high.
If ye break faith with us, who die,
We shall not sleep, though poppies grow,
In Flanders Fields.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 85 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1962, the architect of "The Final Solution" was executed in Tel Aviv, Israel. Adolph Eichman joined the Nazi party in 1932 and became part of the elite Schutzstaffel (SS) rapidly rising through the hierarchy. When Germany annexed Austria in 1938, he was sent to Vienna to rid the city of Jews. His deportation center was so efficient that Hitler sent him to Prague to duplicate his effort. In 1942, he met with top Nazi officials to the purpose of planning the "final solution to the Jewish problem" as Herman Goehring had called it. Eichmann designed the entire plan to exterminate European Jews, from the collection centers, transportation and the death camps. After the war, Eichmann was captured by the US Army but he escaped and fled to Argentina, where he and many other surviving Nazis lived. In 1957, a German prosecutor informed Israel that Eichmann was alive and in Argentina. The Israeli secret service, Mossad, kidnapped Eichmann and brought him to Israel, over the protests of Argentina. He was tried and convicted of war crimes, although he claimed he had been following orders. Sentenced to die, he was hanged near Tel Aviv. His body was cremated in a specially constructed oven that burned so hot that no one could get near it. His ashes were thrown into international waters of the Mediterranean Sea. This was to ensure that no memorial can ever be constructed and that no nation can ever be claimed as his final resting place.

...in 1889, Johnstown, Pennsylvania was wiped off the map when a neglected dam breeched during a heavy rain. Johnstown is located at the confluence of the Little Conemaugh River and Stoney Creek, about 15 miles downstream from Lake Conemaugh, a reservoir that was created by damming the river in 1838. The South Fork Dam was an earthen berm that was built by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to supply a series of canals in the area. When the Pennsylvania Railroad came through, rendering the canals useless, the resevoir was abandoned and sold to the PRR. The PRR, in turn, sold it to private interests, led by Henry Clay Frick and a group of speculators that formed the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club. The exclusive club boasted the elites of Pittsburgh including Frick, Andrew Carnegie and Andrew Mellon, along with about 50 other prominent Pittsburgh socialites. By 1889, the dam was in need of serious repairs that were not performed by the owners of the dam, the SFF&HC.

Several heavy rains struck the area in late May and Lake Conemaugh was rising to serious levels. When the water level went over the top of the berm, club officials cried out for the evacuation of Johnstown and everyone else in the path of the impending flood waters. Johnstown residents, used to high waters and who had heard the dire warnings too many times before, simply moved their belonging to the second stories of their homes and settled in to wait out the flood. At 3:10 PM, the dam breeched and swept away the workers who were trying to keep the dam intact. Officials watched in horror as 20 million tons of water swept down the river valley, wiping out the towns of South Fork, Mineral Point, Woodvale and East Conemoaugh, gathering debris of all kinds, rocks, houses, buildings, people and animals, both alive and dead. By the time it got to Johnstown an hour later, the flood was a wall of water and debris more than 30 feet tall. In 10 minutes, Lake Conemoaugh's waters swept away most of the town. At the old stone bridge, debris piled up and caught fire. 2,209 people died in the flood. Clara Barton and the American Red Cross were on the scene and constructed shelters for the homeless survivors. As much as the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club was vilified for not maintaining the dam, no lawsuits were ever successful against the organization and as a result, American law was changed from a fault-based system to strict liability.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Johnstown_flood_debris.jpg/225px-Johnstown_flood_debris.jpg
Debris piled up above the PRR bridge.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7c/Schultz.jpg/180px-Schultz.jpg
An uprooted tree skewered the John Schultz house. The
house floated down the river with six people still in it at the
time. All six survived.

...in 1929, Henry Ford signed a deal with the Soviet government to produce automobiles in the Soviet Union. Ford workers were sent to Russia to train the work force of Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod (GAZ) as it was called, and GAZ used the Ford oval logo, as well. GAZ began producing cars in 1932. Of course, the Soviets did not live up to the contract and Ford was never paid for his efforts. During the Korean War, an American army unit captured a North Korean jeep, built in Russia, that looked strangely familiar to one soldier. The dash panel and speedometer was 1929 Model A, the 4 cylinder engine and its components were also pure 1929 Model A Ford. In fact, a few parts for Model A's have been found in the Pacific Northwest over the years that have Cyrillic stampings in them.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gaz-64.jpg/180px-Gaz-64.jpg
The GAZ-64 jeep, built between 1941 and 1943.
The radiator is much like the 1929 Ford Model A
radiator. Note the small hole at the bottom for a
crank, just like the American Model A Ford.

...in 1870, Professor Edward Joseph De Smedt received two patents for French Asphalt Pavement. Later, on July 29, the first use of sheet asphalt was to pave William Street in Newark, New Jersey.

...in 1859, London's famous clock atop St. Stephen's Tower rang out over both Houses of Parliament in Westminster, London for the first time. In 1934, much of Parliament's headquarters, the Palace of Westminster, was destroyed by fire. The design of the new palace included the 320 foot St. Stephen's Tower with a huge 4-face clock. Sir George Airy, the royal astronomer, demanded the clock have pinpoint accuracy, which many said was impossible. The clock was built five years after the tower was ready for it. Included in the design was a 13 ton bell that was named Big Ben, which struck for the first time on this date. Two months later, it cracked. When a new, lighter hammer was installed, the bell was rotated the the new hammer would not strike the crack. It was never repaired. (There are four more bells in the belfry that sound the familiar 20-note Westminster Quarters while Big Ben chimes the hours.) Over the years, the name Big Ben has come to mean the clock, as well, although technically, the only bell is so named. Today, the clock, St. Stephen's tower and Big Ben are the most instantly recognizable icon of London and England. The 23 foot wide faces are lit at night, and a light above the tower is lit when Parliament is in session. (Contrary to common belief, it is not the largest four-faced clock in the world, that clock resides in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007.jpg/150px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007.jpg
St. Stephen's Tower
with its famous clock.
Photo by David Iliff.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 80 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1917, after buttting heads with Billy Durant one time too many, Henry Leland resigned as president of Cadillac Motor Car Company, part of General Motors. Leland had stepped into the Henry Ford Company in 1902 when the investors brought him in as a consultant. Ford left the company with his name and $900, to found the Ford Motor Company in 1903. Leland used Ford's automobile design, except to install his own engine. He renamed the company Cadillac in honor of the founder of Detroit. (The plant, on the corner of Clark Street and Michigan Avenue, remained in operation until 1991.) Leland sold the company to Durant's GM in 1909 but stayed on as the president. With Charles Kettering, he developed the self-starter and would also develop the V-8 engine for Cadillac that remainded in production until 1927. In 1917, though, Leland pushed for Cadillac to convert from auto production to war materiel, including Liberty airplane engines for the war in Europe. Billy Durant, headstrong at best and a micromanager at least, had granted Leland more autonomy than the other divisions but was not happy with that situation. Durant did not agree with Leland on much of anything, let alone Liberty engines, so after years of disagreements, Leland resigned. Some say he was fired, but either way, he went on to found the Lincoln Motor Car Company, and Lincoln built more Liberty engines than any other manufacturer. (The Lincoln Motor Car Company would fall into receivership in 1922, The only bidder was Henry Ford, who immediately began streamlining the company and closing all holes that were hemorrhaging money. Both Henry Leland and his son, Wilfred, were forced to resign. Lincoln remains the luxury car line of Ford Motor Company to this day.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Henry_Leland.jpg
Henry Leland (1843-1932) learned
precision engineering at Brown & Sharpe
and interchangability at Colt Firearms,
experience that aided him in making Cadillac
into one of the premier automakers in the
early days of the automobile industry.

...in 1942, a Warsaw underground newspaper broke the story that the Nazis had gassed tens of thousands of Jews at Chelmno, Poland, a death camp. After Adolph Eichmann and Herman Goehring devised "The Final Solution" the first implementation was called the gas van. The first 700 Jews to be murdered were transported in a van that had exhaust gas recycled into the chamber. The technique was simple, it was silent and it was invisible. The vans were used to kill up to 1,000 Jews per day. There was no sorting of "fit" and "unfit" as in the death camps, Chelmno was simply an extermination operation. Emanuel Ringelblum escaped Chelmno after being forced to bury bodies. His story was published in the Polish Socialist underground paper Libety Brigade and the west learned the "bloodcurdling news of the slaughter of European Jews."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Chelmno_Gas_Van.jpg/250px-Chelmno_Gas_Van.jpg
A gas van used at the Chelmno, Poland extermination camp.

...in 1980, Ted Turner launched the Cable News Network (CNN) the first 24 hour all-news all-the-time station. At the time, the three major purveyors of television news were ABC, NBC and CBS with 30 minute newscasts each evening. Derided by competitors as Chicken Noodle News, CNN started to gain traction during the Gulf War with live broadcasts from Bahgdad as the shooting war began. Today, CNN is beamed into 89 million American homes and over 160 million internationally with only the Fox News Network as a substantial competitor.

...in 1949, the "...ah...wunnerful, wunnerful" Lawrence Welk band began a two year gig on the radio program High Life Review, begining a long relationship between Welk and broadcasting. To this day, Lawrence Welk is the target of lampoons and complaints of his overly-sweet style and corny presentation, but his television program ran on network television for 16 years with high ratings every week. He also launched the careers of many successful musicians, including Pete Fountain. Welk was born in Strasburg, North Dakota and grew up on a farm speaking German. He spoke English with a strong accent all of his life. In fourth grade, he mail-ordered an accordian and began playing for weddings and barn dances. By his early 20s, he was leading polka bands and making radio appearances. In 1939, he wrote the tune that would become his theme song, Bubbles in the Wine. It became a hit as did about 20 other Welk tunes, his last hit being Calcutta in 1961. His Saturday night television show started in Los Angeles in 1951 and proved so popular that ABC picked in up in 1955. When ABC canceled his Saturday night show inn 1971, he put it into syndication and it ran for another 11 years. Of course, it lives on forever on PBS now. He died in 1992.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/82/MisterChampagneMaestro.jpg/300px-MisterChampagneMaestro.jpg
Lawrence Welk (1893-1992)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 72 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1935, The Sultan of Swat hung up his cleats after 22 spectacular seasons as a major leaguer, in fact, one of the best to ever play the game. George Herman Ruth was born on February 6, 1895, in Baltimore, Maryland. His family was quite poor, but he attended St. Mary's Industrial School for Boys. There, he learned to play baseball and he was an outstanding athlete, a natural baseballer. At the age of 19, he was signed by the Baltimore Orioles which, at that time, was a minor league affiliate with the Boston Red Sox. His Oriole teammates and the media started to call him "Babe" as an extension of owner Jack Dunn's newest babe - and the name stuck. Babe Ruth made his major league debut with the Red Sox in 1914 as a left handed pitcher. He was a good one, winning 89 games for the Red Sox before he was sold to the Yankees in 1920. It was said he cursed the Red Sox because they never won another pennant until 2004. or the Yankees, he became an outfielder because his hitting was even better than his pitching. He hit 714 home runs, a record that stood until 1974 when Hank Aaron hit his 715th. Ruth's record of 60 home runs in a season stood until Roger Maris broke the record in 1961. He attracted so many fans that when Yankee Stadium was built in 1923, it was known as "The House that Ruth Built." Babe Ruth died of throat cancer on August 16, 1948 at the age of 53. His body laid in state at Yankee Stadium for two days where it was visited by over 100,000 fans.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Babe_Ruth_George_Bush.jpg
Babe Ruth with future president, George Herbert Walker Bush,
captain of the Yale baseball team. Mr. Ruth donated the manuscript
of his autobiography to Yale. The presentation was made shortly before
his death.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a7/2Ruth1948April.jpg/200px-2Ruth1948April.jpg
Babe Ruth's last public appearance was
June 13, 1948 at Yankee Stadium. This
photo won the Pulitzer Prize for Nat Fein.

...in 1865, the end of the Civil War was marked by the surrender of Confederate General Edmund Kirby Smith, commander of all Cofederate forces west of the Mississippi River. With the surrender, the last Confederate army ceased to exist. From April 12, 1861 until June 2, 1865 the war between the states killed over 620,000 Americans, both Union and Confederate soldiers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Edmund_Kirby_Smith.jpg/180px-Edmund_Kirby_Smith.jpg
Confederate General Edmund Kirby Smith (1824-1893)

...in 1944, the Fifteenth Air Force launched Operation Frantic, a unique "shuttle bombing" technique, designed to cripple the German industrial output in Silesia, Hungary and Romania and to answer Joseph Stalin's pleas for assistance for the Red Army. The Fifteenth was based in Foggia and other bases in southern Italy. It was impossible to reach the targets and return to southern Italy without refueling, so the shuttle bombing techniquie was designed by the commander, General Karl Spaatz, a WWI fighter pilot. The bombers took off from southern Italy, made their runs, landing in Poltavia, in the Soviet Union. Six missions were flown in what had been called Operation Frantic Joe, in honor of Joseph Stalin's frantic pleas for help. "Joe" was dropped from the name to avoid insulting the Soviet leader.

http://www.390th.org/museum/gallery/Vintage/b17-v1.jpg
Bombs Away!Photo courtesy of the 390th Memorial Musuem Foundation.

...in 1944, bad weather forced the postponement of the D-Day invasion from June 4 to June 5. German General Karl von Rundstedt intercepted an Allied radio signal relating the June 4 date being out. He assumed that the Allies needed four straight days of good weather to pull off the invasion. Because there was no 4-day break in sight, General von Runstedt assumed there would be no invasion in the first week of June. (After the invasion, von Runstedt urged Hitler to negotiate a peace with the Allies and was rewarded by being demoted.)

...in 1886, President Grover Cleveland was married - the first sitting president to marry in the White House. He entered the presidency as a bachelor, but when he left as a married man, he was also the father of two. Frances Folsom was 21 years old, 27 years his junior and there is even more intrigue to the story, but you're going to have to find it on your own.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/President_cleveland_wedding.png/180px-President_cleveland_wedding.png
The first marriage in the White House
of a sitting president, June 2, 1886.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Somehow, yesterday's update was posted with today's date. Sigh. It was a pesky script that sometimes runs astray. Ain't technology grand? Meanwhile, there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 73 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1940, the Nazis bombed Paris. The plan was to wreck the French economy and terrorize the French population. The Nazis either did not take into consideration that Paris was full of civilians, of they didn't care. 254 people, mostly civilians and schoolchildren, were killed in the raid. The raid succeeded in creating terror, government officials couldn't run fast enough. Shortly afterward, France fell to Nazi occupation.

...in 1800, President John Adams, second POTUS, became the first president to take up residence in Washington, District of Columbia, the new capital. He lived at Union Tavern in Georgetown while the the White House, still under construction since 1792, was finished enough to move in. (He moved in on November 1, Abigail joined him soon after.) The Capitol opened on November 17. Both buildings would be set on fire by the British in 1814, during the War of 1812, the Capitol survived but the White House was destroyed. The White House was rebuilt and reopened in the 1820s, much the same as it is today.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Johnadamsvp.flipped.jpg/225px-Johnadamsvp.flipped.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Abigail_Adams.jpg/200px-Abigail_Adams.jpg
John and Abigail Adams


...in 1965, Major Ed White became the first American to "Walk in space." Once again, the first person to perform an EVA (Extravehicular Activity) was Russian Cosmonaut Aleksei A. Leonov who walked in space on March 18. White, on this date, was tethered with a 25-foot cable and he used a hand-held oxygen gun for propulsion. The walk was part of Gemini 4. Project Gemini was the next step toward the moon after Mercury. The Gemini capsule was manned by two astronauts and was designed to practice, and perfect, rendezvous and docking techniques and to learn long term effects of space travel on the human body. Ed White's walk in space was a big deal and was widely applauded by Americans.

http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/60129main_image_feature_182_jw4.jpg
Edward White II made a 23 minute space walk that
just wasn't long enough. His hand-held propulsion system
ran out of fuel minutes after he left the Gemini capsule, so he
pulled himself around on the tether. He reported that the order to
"return to the capsule" was the saddest moment of his life.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Apollo1-EdWhite.jpg/200px-Apollo1-EdWhite.jpg
Major Edward Higgins White II (1930-1967)
He was America's first astronaut to walk in space and
died tragically in the fire that consumed Apollo 1 during a
training exercise, along with crewmates Gus Grisson
and Roger Chaffee.

...in 1967, Aretha Franklin hit the Number 1 spot on the Billboard chart with Respect. She quickly followed with Chain of Fools and A Natural Woman. Franklin was the daughter of a Detroit minister and grew up singing gospel. She signed with Columbia Records but they had her singing show tunes. When she switched to Atlantic Records, she went back to her roots and started to sing gospel-influenced blues, which was called soul. She became one of the leaders of the industry and is known as "The Queen of Soul."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Arethafranklin.jpg/220px-Arethafranklin.jpg
Aretha Franklin, the
Queen of Soul in 2007.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 36 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1940, the evacuation of Allied forces from Dunkirk, Belgium came to an end as German forces captured the beach. The evacuation took nine days and was unparalleled in history as nearly 340,000 Allied troops were successfully snatched to safety and kept out of German hands. On May 10, the Germans launched the Blitzkrieg against the west, sweeping through Belgium, Holland and Luxembourg. The Allies were out-manned, out-gunned and soon out-flanked by the German Wermacht. On May 12, they penetrated France and on May 15, the Dutch surrendered. The Germans continued to sweep across Europe and the Allies were soon surrounded. By May 19, Lord John Gort was trying to figure out how to withdraw the British Expeditionary Force by sea. Hermann Goering (the head of the Luftwaffe) assured Hitler that his forces could destroy the Allied forces at Dunkirk, so Hitler ordered his troops back for safety. On May 26, the the British started Operation Dynamo to withdraw the BEF. The British Admiralty realized they did not have enough vessels and called on British citizens to come to Dunkirk and take as many Allied soldiers as possible back across the channel to England. Anything that floated braved mines, bombs and torpedoes to evacuate the troops, pleasure craft, fishing boats, lifeboats, anything went to Dunkirk. The RAF successfully kept the Luftwaffe at bay during the process. Almost 200,000 British troops made it to safety as did 140,000 French troops. All the heavy military equipment was left behind as were about 50,000 troops who were taken prisoner and not well treated. Those who survived a brutal march were used as forced labor in Germany for the duration. After the Germans captured Dunkirk on June 4, there was nothing in the way to stop Germany from running over Europe. On June 14, Paris fell and while the French leaders escaped, the Germans set up the puppet Vichy government of France. The shadow of tyranny would be cast over Europe until June 6, 1944, but that's a story for two days from now.

http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/images/dunkirk3.jpg
Small boats towed on the Thames on
their way to Dunkirk. They would be used
to ferry troops from the beach to the larger
ships in the channel.

http://www.rania.co.uk/dunkirk/images/dunkirk1.jpg
Anything that floated was used to evacuate troops
from the beach to the larger ships. The British
were cheered by the success of Dunkirk and it
took a reminder from Winston Churchill that wars
are not won by withdrawals. Still, the phrase
"Dunkirk spirit" still refers to the solidarity of the
British people in the face of adversity.

...in 1942, the most decisive battle of the Pacific Theater of World War II, the Battle of Midway, began. The four-day battle featured the out-numbered and out-gunned United States Pacific Fleet against the Japanese navy, still glowing from their defeat over the United States at Pearl Harbor. It would prove to be the turning point of the war and sealed the eventual doom of the Empire of Japan. The U.S. Navy sunk four Japanese aircraft carriers and lost only one, the Yorktown.

Admiral Isoruku Yamamoto planned a strategy to destroy the United States fleet by luring the remaining carriers into a trap, their destruction would guarantee the Japanese fleet unfettered control of the Pacific. Unknown to Yamamoto, however, was that the Americans had broken the Japanese code months prior and knew the entire plan, also allowing the Americans to spring a surprise of their own.

The U.S. Navy surprised the Japanese fleet 200 miles to the northeast of Midway, sinking three heavy carriers and a heavy cruiser. The carrier Hiryu launched all of its aircraft against the Americans and damaged the Yorktown enough to force abandonment. Meanwhile, dive bombers launched by the Enterprise returned the favor and damaged the Hiryu enough to force the Japanese to scuttle her the next morning. When the smoke cleared four days later, the Japanese had lost four carriers, a cruiser, 292 aircraft and an estimated 2,500 casualties. The battle brought parity to the two navies. In August 1942, the Americans began their counteroffensive at Guadalcanal and continued it to Japan's surrender in 1945.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Midway_Atoll.jpg/180px-Midway_Atoll.jpg
All this over this atoll in the Pacific,
but a very strategic atoll at that.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/SBDs_and_Mikuma.jpg/300px-SBDs_and_Mikuma.jpg
American SBD-3 dive bombers attacking the Japanese
cruiser Mikuma for the third time.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/G13065_USS_Yorktown_Pearl_Harbor_May_1942.jpg/180px-G13065_USS_Yorktown_Pearl_Harbor_May_1942.jpg
The USS Yorktown at Pearl Harbor just
before the Battle of Midway.

...in 1947, George Seaton's beloved classic film Miracle on 34th Street opened. Eight year old Natalie Wood made an enchanting performance as Susan Walker. Edmund Gwenn forever defined the character of Kris Kringle. The charming film has been remade four times as a movie, none are remembered like the original is. In 1948, Lux Radio Theater broadcast an abridged version of the story as a radio drama. There was also a 1963 Broadway musical by Meredith Wilson called Here's Love that ran for 334 performances at the Schubert Theater. It has since been retitled It's Beginning to Look a Lot Like Christmas and includes the 1951 song, of the same name, that was also written by Meredith Wilson. (Wilson is best remembered for The Music Man.)

Natalie Wood grew up from being a cute child star to a stunning beauty and successfully made the difficult transition from successful child star to adult stardom in such movies as Rebel Without a Cause, Splendor in the Grass, West Side Story, Gypsy, Sex and the Single Girl, Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice, and The Great Race. Her last film, Brainstorm, was released posthumously in 1983. She drowned in a boating accident off Catalina Island before production ended and the film required a story rewrite in order to work around the scenes that were never shot.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Natalie_Wood_in_Gypsy_trailer_1.jpg/220px-Natalie_Wood_in_Gypsy_trailer_1.jpg
Natalia Zacharenko, aka Natalie Wood (1938-1981)
This still is taken from her 1962 film Gypsy.

...in 1896, Henry Ford took to the streets of Detroit in his first automobile, the Quadracycle. It was a steel frame with an engine and four bicycle wheels that were driven by a chain. There wasn't a body, per se, there was a padded box for a seat and a wooden dash that had a bell and a light. On the back of the seat, there is a plaque that reads, "U.S. & FOREIGN PATENTS PENDING ON THE WORKING PART & DESIGN OF THIS MACHINE."

http://www.hfmgv.org/exhibits/showroom/1896/490b.jpg
In 1905, this photo of Henry Ford driving the Quadricycle was used
as evidence in the Selden Patent case.

http://www.hfmgv.org/exhibits/showroom/1896/hfquadb.jpg
In 1946, for the 50th Anniversary of the Quadricycle, elderly Henry Ford
posed with his first car. He died in 1947.

http://www.hfmgv.org/exhibits/showroom/1896/quadsm2.jpg
The Quadricycle today, part of the collection of The Henry Ford Museum
and Greenfield Village.

...in 1919, Congress passed the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, guaranteeing women the right to vote. The amendment was subsequently sent to the states for ratification. The women's suffrage movement had started much earlier, in fact, Abagail Adams was outspoken about women's rights but there was no formal movement until Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton formed the National Women Suffrage Association in 1869. While they worked at the federal level, Lucy Stone's American Women Suffrage Association worked at the state level. In 1890, the two groups merged National American Women Suffrage Association and Wyoming became the first state to enfranchise the women's vote. Their work culminated in the passage of the 19th Amendment. On August 18, 1920, Tennessee became the needed 36th state to ratify the amendment, making it the law of the land.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton_and_Susan_B._Anthony.jpg/180px-Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton_and_Susan_B._Anthony.jpg
Elizabeth Cady Staton (seated)
with Sudan B. Anthony.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 49 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1933, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt took the United States off the gold standard. It was a monetary system in which all paper currency is backed by gold. The country went on the gold standard in 1879 putting all the country's gold reserves into Fort Knox. During the height (or depths, I suppose) of the Great Depression, people were terrified of losing their money in failing banks and began exchanging their paper currency for gold and hoarding it. By increasing the gold supply, the treasury might have also triggered inflation and this move was to try to prevent that inflation. Also, by removing the standard, it became illegal for Americans to own gold bullion or currency, and all gold coins and gold certificates were to be turned in to the government. In 1974, President Gerald Ford signed legislation that again permitted Americans to own gold bullion.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/USA-1932-Coin-10.jpg/800px-USA-1932-Coin-10.jpg
This $10 Eagle coin was made illegal in 1933. The Eagle is the base-unit of
the gold coin standard in the United States. A $10 Eagle in 1800 would be the
equivalent of over $125 today.

...in 2004, the 40th President of the United States, Ronald Wilson Reagan, passed away after a long struggle with Alzheimer's Disease. He was a well known and popular actor before becoming Governor of California and running for president. He was born in Illinois and raised in Dixon, Illinois where he was an outstanding student and athlete. He attended Eureka College on a scholarship, where he played football and also acted. He was a participant in school politics, serving as student council president. At the time, he was a Democrat. After graduation, he worked in radio for five years, including a stint as a sports broadcaster, recreating baseball games from a ticker-tape feed. He was screen tested by Warner Bros. and in a twenty year movie career, he made over 50 movies. His most memorable role was that of Notre Dame star, George Gipp, from which he acquired the nickname "The Gipper" from his character's nickname. During World War II, he served in the army special unit, making films. It was at that time that he began his switch from the left to the right. "I didn't leave the Democrat Party," he once said about becoming a Republican. "The Democrat Party left me." He settled the country down after the financially turbulent 1970's, ended the Iranian hostage crisis and completed a task none of the previous six POTUS had been able to do, bring the Cold War to an end and watch the collapse of the Soviet Union. When he was diagnosed with Alzheimer's in 1994, he wrote an open letter to the American public in which he said, “I now begin the journey that will lead me into the sunset of my life. I know that for America there will always be a bright dawn ahead.” He is buried at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, California.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981.jpg/219px-Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981.jpg
Ronald Wilson Reagan (1911-2004)
To paraphrase Archie Bunker, "Mister,
We could use a man like Ronald Reagan again."

...in 1951, a removable roof panel for automobiles, that would later be called the "T-Top" was patented by Gordon M. Buehrig. His boyhood dream was to design automobiles, and at the age of 17, he took a job at Chicago's Yellow Cab Company to be around the wide variety of cars. That worked until the company found out he was underage. He was directed to take drafting, art and wood and metal shop which he pursued at Bradley Polytechnic before heading to Detroit for an apprenticeship, which he found at Packard. He left Packard to work with Harley Earl at GM but was frustrated with what the engineering department did to Earl's designs. He left for Duesenburg where his crowning achievement was the 1936 Cord 810, the "coffin nose" Cord that was judged, in 1951, as one of eight of the outstanding contributions to automobile art by the Museum of Modern Art. Buehrig was the one who designed running boards off of cars, although Harley Earl got the credit for it. Later in his career, he worked at Ford and designed the 1949 hardtop that would soon be copied by every other company, including Earl at GM.

http://www.tomstrongman.com/ClassicCars/PaulBryant810/Images/15Cord810.jpg
1936 Cord 810 Convertible Coupe, owned and
restored by Paul Brayant of Kansas City.

...in 1968, at 12:50 AM after completing a speech in celebration of his victory in the California Democrat presidential primary, Robert F. Kennedy was shot in a hail of gunfire at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles. Palestinian Sirhan Sirhan had the smoking .22 murser weapon wrested from his hand and he was promptly arrested. Kennedy was rushed to the hospital where he died about 24 hours later, on June 6. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, which is where his older brother, President John F. Kennedy had been buried after his assassination on November 22, 1963. After his death, President Lyndon Johnson withdrew from the race, and Minnesota Senator Hubert H. Humphrey eventually became the Democrat candidate. Humphrey was crushed in the 1968 election by Richard M. Nixon. (Nixon carried 32 states, 3rd party candidate George Wallace carried 5 states and Humphrey took 13 states.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Robert_F._Kennedy_1964.jpeg/225px-Robert_F._Kennedy_1964.jpeg
Robert Francis Kennedy (1925-1968) was the
younger brother of President John F. Kennedy and
served in the Kennedy Administration as Attorney
General. He was a Senator from New York at the
time of his assassination by Sirhan Sirhan, who is a
lifetime guest of the California Dept. of Corrections.

...in 1944, the Allies began preliminary activities that would lead into the largest amphibious landing in the history of the world. The invasion of France had been postponed from May because of weather, rescheduled for June 4, also postponed because of weather. (Weather made the invasion impossible in May. The next possible window for the invasion was early June.) On this day, General Dwight D. Eisenhower said that June 6 was a go.

The Germans knew an invasion was inevitable, but when, and where, was speculation. Field Marshal Karl Rundstedt believed the invasion would come across the narrowest width of the channel between Dieppe and Calais. Hitler, and Field Marshal Erwin Rommel believed the invasion would come at Normandy. Rommel feared the Allies would have air superiority so his strategy was to stop the invasion on the beach. He constructed underwater obstructions, minefields and placed heavy artillery on the tops of the bluffs overlooking the beaches.

The Germans were convinced that an invasion could not happen on June 6th, bad weather had grounded the Luftwaffe and the Germans assumed the same was true on the other side of the channel. But late on the night of June 5, more than 1,000 British bombers unleashed a massive assault on German defenses up and down the French coast. Dummy paratroopers were dropped as a diversion and radar-jamming broadcasts were made to make it appear that an invasion was already on the move. An entire German division was relocated six miles away from Normandy to defend against an army of paradummies and a navy of false radar echoes. Operation Overlord, the invasion of France, would begin a few hours later.

http://home.att.net/~1.elliott/britishrupertparadummy.JPG
Rupert, the British Paradummy, was used
in Operation Titanic as a diversion to confuse
German defenders in Normandy.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Well, so much for moving the investigation.

KJCT Television in Grand Junction is reporting that Frank Birgfeld's request to have the investigation of Paige's disappearance removed from the Mesa County Sheriff's Department to the Colorado Bureau of Investigation has been denied.

Link: Birgfeld and MSCO at odds - KJCT8.com - Grand Junction, Montrose - Weather, News, Sports | (http://www.kjct8.com/Global/story.asp?S=10482798)

Birgfeld and MSCO at odds

GRAND JUNCTION (KJCT) -- Request denied. Tension is building between the Mesa County Sheriffs Office and the family of a missing Grand Junction woman.

Frank Birgfeld, father of missing mom of three Paige Birgfeld, asked to have the Mesa County Sheriffs Office removed from the investigation; that won't happen, at least right now.

In mid-May Mr. Birgfeld asked the Sheriff's Office to transfer the investigation to the Colorado Bureau of Investigation. Birgfeld is concerned tens of thousands of dollars were illegally taken from his daughters' home after the investigation began.

Heather Benjamin, with the Sheriff's Office, says the Birgfeld case is not being transferred to the C.B.I. She says the Colorado Bureau of Investigation has been involved with the Birgfeld case since day one, and because of this there is no need to hand it over. She says the C.B.I is working on certain parts of the investigation and the case will remain with the Sheriff's Office.

This does not satisfy Mr. Birgfeld. He has asked the F.B.I to conduct an investigation by its Public Corruption Unit.

"There doesn't seem to be a right smell about this. There's something wrong. That's one reason I'd like to have somebody independent and objective start picking this up. It's also a reason why I asked the evidence file to be protected," said Birgfeld.

When asked today for a response, the Sheriff's Department politely refused.

Mr. Birgfeld plans to continue his efforts, but will not disclose what those next steps will be.

Paige Birgfeld went missing on June 28th, 2007. A few days later her car was found on fire. No suspects have been charge and a body has never been found.

If you care to join the discussion on this topic, it continues in a thread in the lounge: Frank Birgfeld's Request: Denied (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/frank-birgfelds-request-denied-53034/).

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no real new developments in Paige's case yesterday but one news story. Frank Birgfeld, Paige's father, requested that the Mesa County Sheriff's Department be removed from the case and that it be turned over to the Colorado Bureau of Investigation. That request, reports KJCT-TV in Grand Junction, has been denied. There were no other developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 65 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1949, George Orwell's grim prediction of life under an intrusive government was published. Nienteen Eighty-four featured an oppressive bureaucracy where all citizens are closely watched via a two-way television called a Telescreen and personal freedoms are taken away. It was a chilling prediction and followed his barnyard fable, Animal Farm where the foibles of a eglatarian and socialist society become clear. Even though Orwell political views were left leaning, the far left obviously scared him enough to pen the two grim novels. Orwell's novel has a great influence in the lexicon. "Newspeak" was the obfuscatory language of "Big Brother" designed to discourage free thought and to change word meanings. The term "Orwellian" refers to such obfuscatory or controlling government activities. (Perhaps, as in changing "acts of terrorism" to "man-caused disasters"?)

...in 1932, Congress levied an excise tax on gasoline along with several other consumer goods, as part of the Revenue Act of 1932. The 1¢ per gallon tax has grown to 18.4¢, not to mention, whatever state taxes are also added to the price of gasoline. The next time someone whines about the excessive profits made by the oil companies, point out to them that the biggest profits on a gallon of gasoline is the federal excise tax.While you're at it, also inform them that the government is talking about increasing that tax by as much as 40¢ per gallon!

http://wave.images.worldnow.com/images/10481738_BG1.jpg
Where does most of that money in your tank go? Big
oil? Mideastern interests? Oil tycoons? How about the government?!?

...in 1933, the first drive-in theater opened in Camden, NJ. It was the brainchild of Richard Hollingshead, who experimented in his backyard with a projector, a screen nailed to a tree and cars borrowed from neighbors. He filed for a patent, which he received, and opened his drive-in on this date. While a Delaware court would overturn his patent 17 years later, the seed was planted and soon drive-in theaters grew into drive-in anythings. The peak of drive-in theaters was in the 1950s but by the 1970s, changing tastes, coupled with rising land values and unhappy neighbors, drive-ins began to lose their appeal. Very few remain today.

http://z.about.com/d/inventors/1/0/0/4/drivein.jpg

...in 1944, the largest amphibious assault in the history of the world took place along the beaches of Normandy, France. D-Day was the culmination of two years of planning. In order for the invasion to work, it had to occur during a full moon, in order for night operations to be able to see landmarks for navigation AND it had to occur at high tide in order to allow naval operations to float above the obsticles placed underwater by the German defences. In addition, the operation had to take place in the more favorable weather conditions. These three factors made very small windows of opportunity. On June 4, the weather was not favorable, low clouds made air operations impossible and ships had to take shelter in the south of Britain. On June 5, it appeared the entire invasion would have to be postponed until early July, the next best window of opportunity. General Eisenhower's chief meteorologist, Captain J.M. Stagg, predicted a brief improvement in the weather on June 6. On the strength of Capt. Stagg's prediction, it was a go for June 6!

http://www.dday-overlord.com/img/para/us/parachutages_americains.jpg

In the early morning hours of June 6, Operation Neptune began, with paratroopers landing behind enemy lines, others landed in gliders. There task was to take and hold strategic bridges and causeways over lands flooded by the Germans. The plan was to hold these strategic places so landing troops could rapidly progress into German territory. Many paratroopers missed their target landings and there was a general disarray of action in the area.

http://www.dday-overlord.com/img/dday/ob/omaha_beach_debarquement_garde_cotes.jpg

The first landings began at 6:36 AM. The tide was low which allowed the landing craft pilots to see the mines placed by the Germans but it also meant the troops had to wade through 500 yards of open area with no shelter from German fire. The Germans waited to fire, so not to reveal their positions, but as soon as the first landing craft hit the beach, the Germans opened fire. It is estimated that the first wave suffered 90% casualties on Omaha Beach.

http://www.dday-overlord.com/img/dday/ob/omaha_beach_debarquement_equipements.jpg
Almost anything that could float was used to haul men and materiel to the Normandy beaches.

At the close of June 6, midnight, more than 156,000 Allied soldiers took part in the invasion, 132,000 had landed on the beaches. 73,000 of them were British, 59,000 were Americans and 21,400 Canadians landed on Juno Beach. More than 10,500 Allied casualties were reported (killed, wounded, captured or missing in action.) It is estimated that the Germans suffered over 10,000 casualties.

For more about this stunning piece of history, you might want to visit DDay-Overlord (http://www.dday-overlord.com/eng/index.htm) website or the American D-Day (http://www.americandday.org/) website. There are hundreds more resources out there.

One of the most critically acclaimed movies about the invasion is The Longest Day although, in recent times, Saving Private Ryan has been acclaimed for the most realistic dramatization of the invasion itself. Remember that Saving Private Ryan is historical fiction while The Longest Day was made from memoirs of the men who fought there. (The title of the book and subsequent movie, The Longest Day, was a quote from Field Marshal Erwin Rommel who said, at midnight, that it was the end of the longest day for both sides.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 52 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1942, the Japanese army occupied American territory in one of the least-known oddities of World War II. On this date, Japanese soliders took Attu and Kiska Islands in the Aleutian Islands. The Japanese were still smarting from their rather decisive loss at Midway Island, but still managed to expand their defensive perimeter by taking the two islands that are a part of Alaska. (Some historians believe this was a diversion to lure the US Navy into a trap at Midway, but other historians believe this was a deliberate attack to expand the Japanese perimeter.) The Japanese killed the 25 Americans who were defending the island of Attu, then interred the few indiginous inhabitants. They did the same at Kiska, although there was no natural population as Kiska. One year later, the Americans would retake the islands, killing most of the 2,300 Japanese soldiers on the island and suffering over 1,400 casualties. The airfield was used as a base for American bombers to harass the northern reaches of the Japanese home islands, just at the very end of the bombers' range. The bombing runs from the Aleutians did little more than to annoy the Japanese rather than inflict any great damage, but it did reinforce the fact, to the citizens of Japan, that their home was no longer invincible. (Charlton Heston was station at the air base here, where he was a radio operator on a B-25 crew. Can you imagine other B-25s hearing that voice over the airwaves?)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Hauling_supplies_on_Attu.jpg/300px-Hauling_supplies_on_Attu.jpg
American troops haul supplies during the
battle to retake the islands. Note the snow -
this photo was taken in May 1943.

...in 1954, a design team began work on a new line of automobiles for Ford Motor Company. The new product was designed to fit into the market niche covered by GM's Oldsmobile and Buick lines, an area that officials at Ford thought was a gap between the Mercury and Lincoln lines. In the mid 1950s, the American auto market was demanding highly stylized vehicles, with lots of power, chrome and accessories. Ford was riding high, the Thunderbird was far outselling the Corvette and the Ford full-size line was outselling the Chevrolet. The new car was given a marque to honor Henry Ford's only child, Edsel Ford. Edsel's son, Henry II, at first did not want his father's name used but relented because he thought his father deserved a tribute. (Edsel Ford was a styling wiz although he and his father seldom saw eye-to-eye on business practices. He died in 1943.) Unfortunately, the economy went into a slide between the time the design go-ahead was given and when the car was released. It never lived up to its expectations and the repsonse to the radical design was cool, at best. By 1960, the program was scrapped at a loss of $250 million to Ford Motor Company. While the Edsel is often held up as an example of a colossal failure, history has been more kind. The Edsel's radical design is actually appreciated today as a great example of 1950s styling and it is generally treated as a victim of an unfortunate series of circumstances.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2a/Edsel_500px.jpg/300px-Edsel_500px.jpg
A 1959 Corsair shows that the "horse collar"
grill was softened from the 1958 Edsel but was
still quite prominant.

http://www.vector11.com/edselcom/unlimited/60E-002.jpg
The "horse collar" grille was softened even more in 1960,
too late to save the marque, but a very similar grill design was
adopted over at GM into the 1960's Pontiac lineup that stayed
for many years.

...in 1966, Ronald Reagan became governor of California. His political talents became apparent as president of the Screen Actor's Guild from 1947 to 1952. He served two terms as governor from 1966 to 1975 during the tumultuous days of protests over the war in Viet Nam.

http://www.californiagovernors.ca.gov/images/portraits/1024x768/rreagan.jpg
Governor Ronald Reagan (1966-1975) has
the distinction of being the only governor of
California to ever be elected as President of the
United States.

...in 1692, an earthquake in Jamaica destroyed the town of Port Royal, killing thousands. Port Royal was built on a island overlooking Kingston. Many buildings and homes for the 6,500 inhabitants of Port Royal were built right over the water, but as it turns out, it didn't really matter since the island is not based on bedrock. The earthquake turned the soil to a muddy liquid and most buildings just sunk into it. A 40 foot tsunami followed the quake and carried the HMS Swan inland, where it settled on top of a building. Some critics said that Port Royal got its come-uppance in a Sodam and Gemorrah type of armageddon. It was a haven for pirates and was known worldwide as a center of debauchery. It was described as the most wicked and sinful city in the western hemisphere and the lewdest city in the Christian world. Port Royal was abandoned and Kingston was rebuilt instead, and Kingston remains the largest city in Jamaica. Port Royal became known as "The City that Sank" and today is under about 25' of water. It is one of the most significant archaeology sites in the western hemisphere, yielding artifacts of the 16th and 17th centuries. The "digs" are closely controlled and are being performed by multiple teams of divers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pirate_Flag_of_Rack_Rackham.svg/150px-Pirate_Flag_of_Rack_Rackham.svg.png
Arrrrrgh, welcome ta
Port Royal, maties!

...in 1866, Chief Seathl of the Duwamish and Suquamish tribes, passed away in a village near to the city that bears his name. (Seattle.) The site was chosen by Euro-American settlers because of lush forrest on the hills overlooking the location. The gold rush in California created a huge demand for lumber, so a sawmill was built and residents began cutting trees and skidding them down a chute to the mill. The street became known as Skid Road for the chute and became Seattle's main street. In time, the business district moved north and the old main drag became a gathering place for drunks and bums. To this day, the run-down part of any city has become known as Skid Road, shortened to skid row. (I'm sure Chief Seathl and the residents of the city are proud of that heritage.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Chief_seattle.jpg/180px-Chief_seattle.jpg
Chief Seattle, the only known
photograph of him, circa 1865.

...in 1776, Richard Henry Lee of Virginia returned to the Continental Congress with a directive from the colony of Virginia to introduce a resolution of independence from Great Britain. The motion read, “That these United Colonies are, and of right out to be, free and independent States, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved; that measures should be immediately taken for procuring the assistance of foreign powers, and a Confederation be formed to bind the colonies more closely together.” John Adams of Massachusetts seconded the motion. As the debate began, it became obvious to proponents of independence that they could not count on New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland and South Carolina because their delegations did not have clear guidance on what their constituents wanted them to do. In order to create a delay on a vote, which would have meant certain defeat for the motion, Congress agreed to delay the vote while a declaration was written. An ad hoc committee was formed to write the declaration, the committee was comprised of Benjamin Franklin (Pennsylvania) John Adams (Massachusetts) Roger Sherman (Connecticut) Robert Livingston (New York) and Thomas Jefferson of Virginia. Since Jefferson was clearly the best writer of the bunch, it fell to him to write the draft. It was debated on July 1 and a vote was taken, and passed, on July 2. (That means America's Independence Day is actually July 2!) John Adams wrote in his memoirs that July 2 would forever be a day of celebration with pageantry, pomp and parades. He missed by two days, because the Declaration of Independence was adopted on July 4, 1776 and has traditionally become known as Independence Day.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Declaration_independence.jpg/600px-Declaration_independence.jpg
The Declaration Committee presents the draft to the John Hancock and
the Continental Congress. The committee, standing in the center, was
comprised of (L-R) John Adams, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston,
Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 77 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1944, General Omar Bradley (on the orders of General Dwight Eisenhower) linked up American troops, that had landed on Omaha Beach, with the British troops from Gold Beach at the Normandy town of Colleville-sur-Mer. Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin telegraphed Winston Churchill, to express his delight with the Allied landing at Normandy. Stalin had been begging for an invasion of France since the war started in order to force Germany to fight a two-front war. The second front was agreed upon at the Tehran Conference in 1943 and provided some relief to the Soviet Union. As agreed upon in Tehran, Stalin started a new offensive on the Russian front to prevent Germany from transferring troops from the east to the west.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/OmahaBeachFromNormandyCemetery.jpg
Omaha Beach today, as seen from the American cemetery
located at Colleville-sur-Mer, Normandy, France.

...in 1913, Sydney Smith, an assistant at Edinburgh University at the time, used forensic science to identify two murder victims and bring their killer to justice. Near the town of Winchburg, farmers had spotted a mass floating in the water of a quarry, it was two small bodies tied together. The bodies had been in the water for so long that no one was sure if they were human or animal remains. Smith noticed that the bodies had a build-up of adipocere, a hard fat (sometimes called "grave wax" or "mortuary wax") that takes months to develop in a body that is exposed to cold, damp areas and especially bodies in water. Smith determined that the bodies had been in the water 18 - 24 months. The adipocere had the side benefit of preserving the stomachs of the victims. Smith determined that the victims had eaten about an hour before they died, and that they had eaten seasonal vegetables, allowing Smith to place time of death near the end of 1911. A label in one shirt showed it came from a poorhouse in Dysart. Provided with this information, police officials found that two boys had been placed by their father, Patrick Higgins, into the poorhouse in 1910. When Higgins didn't pay the fees, he was jailed himself. Higgins eventually pulled the boys from the poorhouse but they had not been seen since November 1911. The forensic evidence that Sydney Smith collected convicted Higgins of murder and on October 2, 1913, he was hanged. Dr. Smith's autobiography, Mostly Murder was published in 1959 and has been republished several times.

http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51iMBoAQV7L._SS500_.jpg

...in 1966, the intense rivalry between the National Football League and the upstart American Football League ended as the leagues announced that they were merging. They also announced that after the end of the 1966 season, the two league champions would meet in an AFL-NFL Championship Game. It would not be called the Superbowl for four years, and it would take those four years for the two leagues to fully merge operations and regular season schedules. The NFL had established itself as a viable entertainment commodity by the late 1950's. There was a list of businessmen in prominent cities who wished to buy franchises, but the NFL arrogantly turned them down. Lamar Hunt, son of a wealthy oil tycoon, recruited seven more businessmen and started their own football league. The NFL immediately expanded into two cities that were designated for AFL franchises, Hunt's hometown of Dallas and Minneapolis. The AFL moved their Minneapolis franchise to Oakland and two years later, Hunt would move his Dallas Texans to Kansas City to become the Chiefs. The rest of the AFL cities were Buffalo, New York, Los Angeles, Boston, Denver and Houston. In 1965, the AFL landed a contract with NBC and in 1966, the New York Jets signed Joe Namath out of Alabama. Both leagues knew they could not survive a bidding war for talent, so a merger was the best solution. The AFL became the American Football Conference and the NFL became the National Football Conference. The temas in Pittsburgh, Baltimore and Cleveland moved to the AFC to balance the schedule. Ironically, only Pittsburgh remains, Baltimore moved to Indianapolis and Cleveland moved to Baltimore. (The first four AFL-NFL championship games, before they were called the Superbowl, were won by the NFL Packers (over the Chiefs and Raiders) AFL Jets (over the Colts) and AFL Chiefs (over the Vikings.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/National_Football_League_2008.svg/150px-National_Football_League_2008.svg.pnghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/44/AmericanFootballLeague.png/150px-AmericanFootballLeague.png

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 79 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 2008, the first Morning Update with a history report appeared. It seemed, at the time, that the morning updates needed something for Cheffers to read besides, "Nothing new." The first history review was rather sparse, but in time, the history review grew to take on a life of its own. There were no more reports until June 13, and there has been one every day since.

On this day...in 1870, Charles Dickens died in London, of a stroke. He was only 58.

On this day...in 1973, Secretariat ran away with the Belmont Stakes to become the first winner of the Triple Crown since Citation in 1948.

On this day...in 1934, Donald Duck made his screen debut in a Disney short called The Wise Little Hen.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post. http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298


...in 1870, Charles Dickens died in London, of a stroke. He was only 58. Dickens novels, even over 200 years later, are so popular that they have never been out of print. Many of his novels were serialised in magazines, and he developed a perfect sense of cliffhangers to keep his readers waiting on edge for the next installment. Dickensian characters are some of the best known, and best beloved, in all of English literature. Who could ever forget such notables with names like Pip, Samuel Pickwick, Miss Haversham, Wackford Squeers, Uriah Heep, Oliver Twist or Ebeneezer Scrooge?

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Charles_Dickens_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13103.jpg/220px-Charles_Dickens_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13103.jpg
Charles John Huffam Dickens
(Feb 7, 1812 to June 9, 1870)

...in 1973, Secretariat ran away with the Belmont Stakes to become the first winner of the Triple Crown since Citation in 1948. Secretariat won the Kentucky Derby with a track record-setting time that had him finish ahead of Sham, who placed, by 2-1/2 lengths. Spectators at the Preakness are sure that Secretariat set a track record there, too, but the official time keeper said he was a couple of seconds off the record. At the Belmont Stakes, Secretariat was a 1-to-10 favorite to win and he did not disappoint, winning the race 31 lengths ahead of the horse that placed, My Gallant. After his death, it was found that Secretariat had a heart that weighed 22 pounds, about twice what a typical thoroughbred horse heart weighs.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Secretariat_the_belmont.jpg
Secretariat running away with the Belmont Stakes.

...in 1934, Donald Duck made his screen debut in a Disney short called The Wise Little Hen. He is best remembered for his gravely voice, provided by Clarence "Ducky" Nash unitl 1985. (He is now voiced by Tony Anselmo, who was specially trained by Nash to play the role.) Donald was in the army in WWII, playing in a series of propaganda cartoons. The best known of them was originally entitled Donald in Nutzi Land, which won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short in 1942. The song featured in the cartoon was Der Fuhrer's Face which was recorded by Spike Jones and became an instant hit. Disney renamed the cartoon Der Fuhrer's Face to take advantage of the song's popularity. After the war, Donald took the opposite side of the screwball comedy, being the victim of an annoying character rather than being the instigator. Later, he would star in educational films, my favorite was Donald in Mathmagic Land. He is very popular around the world and remains, after Mickey Mouse, Walt Disney's most beloved character.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/07/Donald_Duck1.gif http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Der_Fuehrer%27s_Face.jpg/200px-Der_Fuehrer%27s_Face.jpg
Donald appeared in several propaganda films during WWII
including a gem called Der Fuhrer's Face in which he
shows an exaggerated view of Nazi Germany, called Nutzi Land
in the cartoon.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 86 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1752, Benjamin Franklin, with his son William, flew a kite in a thunderstorm, waiting for kite to be struck by lightning. When it did strike, Franklin collected a charge in a Leyden jar, proving that lightning and electricity are one in the same. Franklin had begun the study of electricity in the 1740s when little was known. Franklin advanced the science of electricity and he coined many terms still in use today, such as battery, conductor and electrician. Franklin also invented the lightning rod to protect buildings and ships. Franklin was a high achiever, because in addition to being a scientist, he was a writer, publisher, printer, and philosopher. He developed the post office, was the first postmaster general, built a library, an insurance company, a hospital and an academy that would later become the University of Pennsylvania. But more importantly, he was a statesman that signed the Declaration of Independence and sealed the deal that brought the French into the Revolutionary War, helping to defeat the British. He died in Philadelphia on April 1, 1790.

http://www.codecheck.com/cc/images/BenKiteExperiment.gif
Graphic by Paddy Morrissey, courtesy of
Code Check (http://www.codecheck.com/cc/BenAndTheKite.html).

...in 1935, in New York City, a New York broker and an Ohio physician founded Alcoholics Anonymous. They developed a 12-step program for rehabilitation of the countless number of people who cope with addiction to alcohol. The idea of AA is not just to help stop an addicted person from drinking, but to change the addictive personality that started them drinking in the first place. The same 12 step program has been adopted for use by many other organizations that deal with other addictions that lead to personal destruction. From the humble beginnings by Bill W. and Bob S., countless numbers of people have been helped by the AA program and its companion programs, Al Anon and Alateen. It is estimated that over two million members of AA belong to one of the 80,000 groups around the world.

...in 1692, the first execution for the practice of witchcraft was carried out in Salem Village of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Bridget Bishop was put to death by hanging. The trouble started in February 1692 when Elizabeth Purvis (nine years old) and Abigail Williams (11 years old) the daughter and niece of Reverend Samuel Purvis began suffering fits. The doctor diagnosed that the two were under the influence of a witch and were suffering from the effects of witchcraft. The girls corroborated his story and began to name names of witches in the colony. The trials were held in the special Court of Oyer and Terminer ("To hear and to decide") where sensational testimony convicted several innocent people of the crime of witchcraft. In October, Governor William Phipps of Massachusetts ordered the Court of Oyer and Terminer disbanded and replaced by a more civil court. The executions ceases and those awaiting trial were released - but not before 19 innocents were convicted and excuted. (For more about this fascinating chapter of American History, visit the University of Missouri Kansas City Law School archives ("http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/salem.htm), where there is an extensive web site about the witch hunt.)

http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/SAL_HANG.JPG
The hanging of Bridget Bishop.

...in 2002, Clint Messina of Lacombe, Louisiana was arrested and charged with attempted murder for driving into a patrol car while fleeing from deputies. While processing the arrest, police found out that Lacombe was already wanted. Stay tuned, you're gonna love this one. On March 27 at about 3:00 in the morning, Masinna and an associate, Rose Houk, stole a Krispy Kreme doughnuts delivery truck in Slidell, Louisiana. The Krispy Kreme man was making a delivery and the idiot left the engine running with the doors open. When he came out and found his doughnut truck missing, along with hundreds of doughnuts, well, who ya gonna call? Police initiated chase. Messina and Houk led police on a 15 mile chase with doughnuts flying out the back of the truck. (There is no truth that the doughnuts slowed or distracted to police.) Eventually, the two dough nuts fled the truck. Houk was immediately captured but Messina managed to escape. After his capture on June 10, Slidell police Lieutenant Rob Callahan said, "We're glad he's off the streets, but this unfortunately means we're going to have to stop staking out all the local doughnut shops looking for him." The doughnut caper was fodder for the late night comics for weeks, but Lt. Callahan added, "We all had a lot of fun with the doughnut truck incident, but this is a sobering reminder that police officers put their lives on the line whenever they initiate a pursuit."

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/DonutSquad.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 90 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1962, Frank Lee Morris, along with John and Clarnece Anglin, made an attempt to escape from The Rock, as the Alcatraz Federal Prison was known. While they were never found, the fact that they were never heard from again reinforces belief that the three drowned in the cold water of San Francisco Bay. The story was written into a book called by J. Campbell Bruce that was made into a movie by Clint Eastwood. The three found a weakness in the design of the prison, along with a way to exploit it. The damp air had deteriorated the brick and mortar that comprised the cell block, and the three men used stolen tools to chip away at the wall around a ventilation vent. They made fake grills out of cardboard to fool the guards, and they made dummy heads, complete with hair salvaged from the barber shop, to fool the guards. On the given night, they put the dummies in their beds, climbed through the grills and replaced them with their cardboard grills, and went over the wall. They made their way out into the bay using life preservers made from stolen raincoats. They were never seen again, but a bag of personal belongings of Clarence Anglin was found floating in San Francisco Bay.

http://www.alcatrazhistory.com/c-anglin.jpg
Have you seen this man? Probably not. This is
Clarence Anglin, one of the three who went over the wall.

...in 1933, Jerome Sliberman was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He began acting for his mother when he was six years old. His first film roll was a bit part in Bonnie and Clyde but he got his break in 1968, after he changed his name to Gene Wilder and was given a starring role with the great Zero Mostel in Mel Brooks' The Producers. He went on to star with Richard Prior in Silver Streak and scored with Mel Brooks again in Blazing Saddles and Young Frankenstein. He was married to the late Gilda Radner, with whom he co-starred in The Lady in Red and to many, he will always be THE Willy Wonka.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/GeneWilderMay07.jpg/220px-GeneWilderMay07.jpg
Gene Wilder in 2007

...in 1979, John Wayne lost his decade-long battle with cancer. In four dacades, he appeared in 250 films.

...in 1963, a showdown in a battle of wills came to a peak when President John F. Kennedy ordered Alabama Governor George Wallace to desegregate Alabama schools. Wallace had vowed that he would stand in front of any school and personally block any American of African descent to try to enter that school. President Kennedy sent his younger brother, Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, to Alabama to negotiate with Wallace, but to no avail. On June 10, President Kennedy federalized the National Guard and deployed them to the University of Alabama to force desegregation. Wallace knew he was beaten and stepped aside. Vivian Malone and James A. Hood enrolled on this day in 1963.

...in 1950, Ben Hogan won the US Open golf tournament by beating Lloyd Mangum and George Fazio in an 18 hole playoff. The tournament was held at Merion Golf Club in Ardmore, Pennsylvania. At first glance, this seems like no big deal. It becomes far more interesting when you realize that on February 2, 1949, Hogan and his wife, Valarie, were involved in a head-on collision with a Greyhound Bus. Valarie escaped with minor injuries, but Hogan suffered a broken collarbone, ankle and ribs, and when a blood clot appeared in his leg, veins were tied off to keep the clot from getting to his heart. His legs atrophied and doctors said he would never walk again. He just ignored them and went on an aggressive rehabilitaion regimen. Just 11 months later, Hogan played in the Los Angeles Open. Critics all said he'd only last a day or two and that his weak legs couldn't carry him four days. But after four days, he was tied for first and lost a playoff to Sam Snead. Six months later, he won the US Open. Ben Hogan became the second man (after Gene Sarazen) and therefore, one of only five men to win all four Grand Slam titles, the US Open, British Open, the PGA Championship and the Masters. (The other three are Gary Player, Jack Nicklaus and Tiger Woods.) Hogan is recognized as being one of the greatest golfers of all time. Hogan won 63 PGA tournaments, including 4 US Opens, 2 Masters, 2 PGA Championships and a British Open. That's some pretty rare air, especially for a man who was hit by a Greyhound Bus and not only lived to tell about it, but excelled at his game afterwards.

http://www.intotherough.co.uk/assets/_files/images/oct_08/itr__1223131783_ben_hogan_top_5_golfers.jpg
"Every day you miss practicing, it will take you
one day longer to get good." --Ben Hogan
You can learn more about this amazing man at
his company's website (http://www.benhogan.com/index.html).

[I]That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 71 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1987, President Ronald Reagan made a speech with the Brandenburg Gate as a backdrop, in which he made one of his most oft heard sound bites: "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall." In 1945, at the conclusion of World War II, Berlin was sliced into four areas of influence, with the French, British and Americans having the three areas in the western half of the city while the Russians took the eastern half of the city. In May 1949, the three western sections became the Federal Republic of Germany while the eastern section became the Gerrman Democratic Republic in Ocotber 1949. Over 2.5 million east Germans left East Germany, which was very much against the law, to flee to West Germany, seeking a less represive government. In light of the escapes, East Germany built the Berlin Wall to keep their citizens in. There were many creative crossings of the wall, including tunnels and interesting vehicles, far more than we have room to have here. On this date, President Reagan asked for Premier Gobachev to "...tear down this wall." The wall came down in November 1989 and the two halves of Germany were reunited on October 3, 1990.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/ReaganBerlinWall.jpg
"Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall."

...in 1994, Nicole Brown Simpson and Ron Goldman were brutally murdered outside Nicole's home in Brentwood, California. She was the ex-wife of O.J. Simpson who was later charged in the murder. The entire case, billed as the "Crime of the Century" but actually one of several, was full of bizarre twists and turns, including a slow speed chase that was watched across the country, Jay Leno's "Dancing Itos", a line of dancers all looking like presiding Judge Ito and wearing robes, and Simpson's "Dream Team" of lawyers. A just aquitted him but in a civil suit, Ron Goldman's family won a settlement of $33.5 million, of which very little has been paid.

...in 1939, the Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum was dedicated in Cooperstown, New York, in a ceremony that was presided over by Lee Frederick Andrews, grandson of Edward Clark who founded the Singer Sewing Machine Company in Cooperstown. The Clark family owned a hotel in Cooperstown and the idea of having the Hall of Fame in the hometown of Abner Doubleday seemed like a good way to attract tourists. (Doubleday is the legendary inverntor of baseball, although many sources have disproved the legend.)

http://web.baseballhalloffame.org/img/275x235/museum_exterior.jpg
A pilgrimage to Cooperstown should be mandatory
for any true baseball fan.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[chefann]

KG is away from his computer, so he asked me to post this on his behalf.

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 54 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1952, the Spencer Tracy-Katherine Hepburn film Pat & Mike premiered. (There was another premiere on this date, one of a slightly different and more personal nature. But you'd have to ask Mom about that. ;)).

...in 1927, a ticker-tape parade was held in New York CIty to welcome home Charles Lindburgh, after his historic solo flight in the Spirt of St. Louis.

...in 1944, the German Army launched a missile attack against London. 10 of the new V-1 rockets were launched but with mixed success. The V-1 was basically a jet propelled airplane without a pilot. It was guided by a magnetic compass and when it ran out of fuel, it would crash and deliver its payload. Guidance was not very good, and only one of the 10 caused fatalities. Five crashed on launch, one was lost over the channel and only four made it to England.

...in 1966, the Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a man named Miranda, forcing us to have to listen to every cop on television reading the Miranda speech to crooks being arrested.

...in 2004, President George HW Bush celebrated his 80th birthday by making a parachute jump. President Bush was born on June 12, 1924.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 59 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1777, the Second Continental Congress adopted the Stars and Stripes as the official flag of the United States, a bold move, considering that the United States was still a loosely knit group of English colonies that had not yet won their independence. In 1861, George Morris of Hartford, Connecticut proposed that a national day of recognition should be held on June 14, but the day did not catch on. But in 1885, a teacher at the Stony Hill School in Waubeka, Wisconsin, held what is recognized as the first observance of Flag Day.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/US_Flag_Day_poster_1917.jpg/382px-US_Flag_Day_poster_1917.jpg
Fly your flag with pride on this day!

...in 1885, Bernard J. Cigrand, a teacher at the Stony Hill School in Waubeka, Wisconsin, held what is recognized as the first observance of Flag Day. From then on, Cigrand began a one-man campaign to have Flag Day recognized as the birthday of the American Flag. He spoke to groups around the country and became president of the American Flag Day Association and later, the National Flag Day Society. He once said he gave 2,188 speeches promoting patriotism and the flag. It took until 1949 for President Harry Truman to sign Flag Day into law.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Stony_Hill_School_3Jun09.jpg/800px-Stony_Hill_School_3Jun09.jpg
Stony Hill School in Waubeka, Wisconsin, the birthplace of Flag Day.
The school has been restored and houses a bust of Bernard J. Cigrand, the
"Father of Flag Day."

...in 1998, Michael Jordan led the Chicago Bulls to their sixth NBA title. Is it just me, or does it seem really goofy to still be playing basketball in June?

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Jordan_by_Lipofsky_16577.jpg
Air Jordan at work.

...in 1951, the U.S. Census Bureau dedicated the Universal Automatic Computer, or UNIVAC, after installation by Remmington-Rand. (Yes, the same Remington-Rand that made typewriters, rifles and shavers.) It was developed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, the makers of what is generaly recognized as the first commercial computer, ENIAC. The UNIVAC was more like the Universal Vacuum Tube user, as it used thousands of vacuum tubes to perform just a few computations, and filled about four rooms. (In reality, a computer was developed at Iowa State University in 1939, and during World War II, a computer called "Colossus" was developed in England for use at Bletchley Park by Alan Turing, based on a concept developed by the Poles prior to being overrun by the Nazis. Bombe was used to decypher German codes. The computer was so secret that after the war, it was dismantled and no one knew about it until decades later.) Also in 1951, Dr. An Wang, at Wang Laboratories in Massachusetts, invented ferrite core memory, which he sold to IBM for $500,000 and an undisclosed amount of IBM stock. Ferrite core was the basis of all IBM mainframe technology, and when he died, Dr. Wang was the largest individual stockholder of Wang Laboratories AND IBM.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/UNIVAC_1_demo.jpg/200px-UNIVAC_1_demo.jpg
Harold E. Sweeney and J. Presper Eckert demonstrate
the UNIVAC for Walter Cronkite of CBS.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 54 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1215, a group of nobles forced King John of England to sign the Magna Carta. This governmental reform set the wheels in motion for eventual democratic rule and trial by a jury of peers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Joao_sem_terra_assina_carta_Magna.jpg/250px-Joao_sem_terra_assina_carta_Magna.jpg
King John signs the
Magna Carta, arguably the
most important document in
the history of democracy.

...in 1775, George Washington was appointed to lead the new Continental Army.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Washington_1772.jpg/180px-Washington_1772.jpg
Colonel George Washington,
circa 1772. It's the earliest known
portrait of him, done by
Charles Wilson Peale.

...in 1904, more than 1,000 souls, mostly women and children, perished from fire or drowning when fire swept through a riverboat on an excursion on New York's East River. The General Slocum was chartered to take the St. Mark's Lutheran Church Sunday School annual picnic in The Bronx when the fire swept out of control through the boat. Life preservers were in deplorable condition and just sank. Fire hoses were dry rotted and life boats were tied so tightly that they were unaccessable.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/GeneralSlocum_04.jpg
The wreck of the SS General Slocum.

...in 1846, Francis Parkman arrived in Fort Laramie, Wyoming. His work with the plains Sioux tribe resulted in an 1849 book, The Oregon Trail that documented the life of Plains Indians before Western Expansion. He called the book an "image of an irrevocable past."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Francis_Parkman.jpg/180px-Francis_Parkman.jpg
Francis Parkman

...in 1844, Charles Goodyear received a patent for his process of vulcanizing rubber, making the manufacture of rubber products, especially tires, possible. Goodyear was a hard-luck kind of a guy and bad luck followed him around He died in 1860 at the age of 59, essentially penniless. The company that bears his name was founded by Frank Seiberling in Akron, Ohio in 1898. The giant corporation was named in his honor.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Charles_Goodyear.png/200px-Charles_Goodyear.png
Charles Goodyear
(1800-1860)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Could it be Paige? No one knows yet. Personally, I have my doubts, but read on and draw your own conclusions.

Source: Grand Junction Daily Sentinel (http://www.gjsentinel.com/hp/content/news/stories/2009/06/14/061509_1a_GarCo_body_folo.html)

Body found in orchard dismembered

By MIKE WIGGINS/The Grand Junction Daily Sentinel

Sunday, June 14, 2009

A body found in an orchard west of Glenwood Springs was not a young girl but a woman who had been dismembered, authorities said Sunday.

Garfield County sheriff’s spokeswoman Holly Hopple said the victim is a Caucasian woman who was between 20 and 35 years old. The woman had extensive dental work, multiple tattoos and brown hair with blonde highlights.

Hopple said authorities have not recovered all of the woman’s remains.

“We’re searching for additional remains as well as further evidence,” she said.

The woman has yet to be identified. Hopple said an autopsy performed Saturday by the Mesa County Coroner’s Office could not determine the cause or time of death.

A worker discovered the woman’s body Friday morning in an apple orchard up Canyon Creek Road north of Interstate 70. The body was reportedly in a bag but had been pulled out by animals.

Sheriff Lou Vallario previously said it seemed more likely that the body was dumped in the orchard than that the woman was killed there.

Asked whether the body could be that of Paige Birgfeld, the 34-year-old Grand Junction mother missing for nearly two years, Mesa County Sheriff Stan Hilkey said Sunday night he had not been contacted by Garfield County authorities.

Earlier news reports, based on accounts from witnesses, had indicated the victim was a young girl.

Hopple said the FBI on Sunday joined the other agencies involved in the investigation and search for evidence, including the Colorado Bureau of Investigation, the Garfield County Sheriff’s Department, the Garfield County Coroner’s Office and search and rescue teams from Garfield and Mesa counties.

She said investigators and volunteers have been combing the area from 8 a.m. to sunset each day since the body was discovered. She said authorities have recovered other evidence in addition to the woman’s remains but wouldn’t say what it was.

Authorities are working to maintain the integrity of the crime scene by stationing deputies there overnight and restricting access. Eastbound U.S. Highway 6, which runs parallel to I-70, is open to residential traffic only.

Canyon Creek Road is open to residential traffic only with a law-enforcement escort, Hopple said.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

No Missing-Person Match For Body In Colo. Orchard

Link: Denver CBS Affiliate (http://cbs4denver.com/local/Authorities.launch.homicide.2.1045675.html)

GLENWOOD SPRINGS, Colo. (CBS4/AP) ―

Authorities say a woman whose dismembered body was found in an apple orchard near Glenwood Springs doesn't match the description of anyone reported missing in Garfield County.

The body was found Friday morning.

The sheriff's office says the victim hasn't been identified. She was a Caucasian woman between 20 and 35 who had brown hair with blonde highlights, multiple tattoos and extensive dental work.

Sheriff's spokeswoman Holly Hopple said Monday anyone who knows of a missing person matching that description should call authorities.

Hopple says a teenage boy discovered part of the body while clearing debris in an orchard about five miles west of Glenwood Springs.

She says authorities are still searching for remains and other evidence.

One person who is watching the investigation closely is Frank Birgfeld, father of Paige Birgfeld. She has been missing since July of 2007 outside of Grand Junction, which is just one county west of Garfield County.

Frank Birgfeld says his daughter did not have lots of tattoos to his knowledge and had good teeth. He says he has not been contacted by officials with regard to this latest case.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. In Colorado news developments, a dismembered female body was discovered over the weekend, but as time goes on, there is less and less indication that the remains might be those of Paige.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 51 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1858, Abraham Lincoln, newly appointed candidate for the Senate from Illinois, addressed the Illinois Republican Convention and made his famous statement inspired by the New Testament, "...a house divided against itself cannot stand.” Considered by some to be too radical, he lost the election to the more moderate Steven Douglas, but the speech also gained him enough national notoriety to be elected President in 1860. He faced some of the most tumultuous days in United States history and was assassinated on April 15, 1865.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Abraham_Lincoln_1860.jpg/200px-Abraham_Lincoln_1860.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Stephen_Arnold_Douglas.jpg/200px-Stephen_Arnold_Douglas.jpg
Abraham Lincoln and Stephan Douglas faced off in a
series of seven debates during the campaign for Senate.
Lincoln lost to Douglas, but he did well in the debates and
developed a national reputation that propelled him to the
presidency in 1860, over Stephan Douglas.

...in 1890, Stan Laurel was born in Ulverston, England. He began is career in show business in English theaters, later toured the American vaudville circuits and started making movies in 1917. In 1926, he was teamed with Oliver Hardy and history was made. The duo appeared in over 100 films between 1927 and 1950, including Two Tars, one of the funniest shorts every made, and they won an academy award for The Music Box, in which two movers struggle to hoist a piano up a long stairway.

http://uk.geocities.com/laurel_hardy_tribute/Stan_Laurel.jpg
Stan Laurel's epitaph reads, "If any man at my funeral has a
long face, I'll never speak to him again."

...in 1963, Soviet Cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova, aboard Vostok 6, became the first woman to travel into space. She competed 48 orbits in 71 hours, logging more hours in space, up to that time, than all U.S. astronauts combined.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Soviet_Union-1963-Stamp-0.10._Valentina_Tereshkova.jpg/200px-Soviet_Union-1963-Stamp-0.10._Valentina_Tereshkova.jpg
Valentina Tereshkova was depicted on a 1963
USSR stamp. When the women's cosmonaut program
ended in 1969, she became a prominant member of
the Communist Party. When the Soviet Union collapsed.
she retired from politics but is still revered as a
national heroine.

...in 1961, Rudolf Nureyev defected from the Soviet Union's Kirov Ballet Company in Paris. He went on to a sparking career in ballet and some not-so-memorable movie performances. He died in Paris, in 1993.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ea/Fonteyn-nureyev1.jpg/250px-Fonteyn-nureyev1.jpg
Nureyev with Margot Fonteyn dancing at
the Royal Ballet in London, 1963.

...in 1884, the first roller coaster in American opene at Coney Island. For a nickel, thrill-seekers got to ride about 600 feet at break-neck speeds up to six miles per hour. Today's Kingda Ka at Six Flags in New Jersey claims to be the tallest (456 feet) and fastest (up to 128 MPH) coaster in the world. (The Ring Racer at Nürburgring in Nürburg, Germany claims to be the fastest at 134.8 MPH.)

http://www.westland.net/coneyisland/articles/images/con-switchbackrwy.jpg
The first coaster hit the breakneck speed of six MPH.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Kingda_Ka.jpg/250px-Kingda_Ka.jpg
The Six Flags coaster, Kingda Ka, reaches speeds of 128 MPH.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 69 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1958, the Second Narrows Bridge, under construction between Vancouver and North Vancouver, BC over the Burrard Inlet, suddenly collapsed. Seventy nine steelworkers fell 100 feet to the water's surface, killing many instantly. Some survived the fall and others may have survived the fall but drowned when pulled down by their heavy tool belts. Eighteen workers and one rescuer died in the tragedy, bringing the death toll to 19. In 1994, the bridge was renamed the Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Ironworkers_Memorial_collapse.jpg/180px-Ironworkers_Memorial_collapse.jpg
Rescue operations undeway amidst the rubble.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Ironworkers_Memorial_Bridge_Vancouver_BC.jpg/250px-Ironworkers_Memorial_Bridge_Vancouver_BC.jpg
The Ironworkers Memorial Bridge today.

...in 1947, Raymond Chandler's hard-boiled private eye made his radio debut on The Adventures of Phillip Marlowe. Even though he had been portrayed in the movies by Humphrey Bogart, audiences were unimpressed and the show was canceled shortly after. Bogart, as Marlowe, was much more popular on the silver screen.

http://www.gotterdammerung.org/film/reviews/b/big-sleep/big-sleep-01.jpg
"She tried to sit in my lap while I was standing up."
They don't write 'em like that anymore!

...in 1972, a group of bungling burglars botched a break-in of the Democrat National Committee headquarters at the Watergate complex in Washington, D.C. The resulting investigation led all the way back to the White House and resulted in the resignation of President Richard M. Nixon. (It also inspired a novelty record called Haldeman Ehrlichman Mitchell and Dean (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N9bMvewOQ9M) which you can hear by clicking on the title.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Richard_Nixon.jpg/225px-Richard_Nixon.jpg
History has treated Richard M. Nixon
much more fairly than his contemporaries
did. He accomplished great things during
his tenure as POTUS, but he often is
remembered as the only president to be
forced to resign from office.

....in 1775, British General Howe led his troops against the Continental Army at Bunker Hill. The Americans were led by General William Prescott, who's famous line lives on today, "Don't one of you fire until you see the whites of their eyes!" When it was over, the British had won the battle, but the Americans had fewer casualties and proved, once and for all, they could match up against the world's greatest army.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Bunker_Hill_Monument_2005.jpg/140px-Bunker_Hill_Monument_2005.jpg
The Bunker Hill
Memorial

...in 1928, Amelia Earhart became the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic.

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_cbWN_FX2ORg/R8MuCx_EPrI/AAAAAAAAAFw/qq5RRkPkIik/s400/amelia+earhart.jpg
Amelia Earhart

...in 1885, the Statue Of Liberty arrived in New York Harbor. Her official name is Liberty Enlightening The World. America's most famous immigrant arrived in over 200 packing crates. She was dedicated by President Grover Cleveland on October 28, 1886.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Freiheitsstatue_NYC_full.jpg/180px-Freiheitsstatue_NYC_full.jpg
"The New Colossus," is the sonnet by, American poet Emma Lazarus, that is inscribed on her pedestal:

"Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me.
I lift my lamp beside the golden door."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

GarCo Sheriff's office following up on leads[/SIZE]

Link: KKCO News (http://www.nbc11news.com/home/headlines/48163927.html), Grand Junction NBC Affiliate

The Garfield County Sheriff's Office says it has taken several calls from the public about the dismembered body that was found near Glenwood Springs last week.

The Sheriff's Office says families have been calling in about missing persons and investigators are following up on every call.

The Sheriff's Office says it has no local missing persons cases that match the description of the body found off of Canyon Creek Road.

Investigators say the woman had tattoos and extensive dental work and was between 20 and 35 years old.

She has not been identified yet and officials are asking anyone with information about the case to contact them at 970–245–0101.

11 News spoke with Mesa County Sheriff's Office officials who say they have no reason to believe the body is that of missing Grand Junction woman Paige Birgfeld.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments. There is no indication that the dismembered body that was found last weekend was that of Paige.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 64 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1812, the British and America renewed hostilities in, well, the War of 1812. The war was fought over some rather flimsy motives but was still a vicious war. The British burned the new White House and also used Native Americans in its efforts, united under Tecumseh and his brother, The Prophet. One of the largest of these warring tribes was the Red Stick band of the Creek Nation. After two years, the conflict had become mired in a stalemate, with both sides wanting out. It ended with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent on December 24, 1814. The word did not reach everywhere, though, and on January 8, 1815, the young country would win one of its greatest victories ever, as Andrew Jackson led his forces to victory in the Battle of New Orleans. Jimmie Driftwood, a high school principal from Arkansas, wrote a historical version of the battle and set it to a fiddle tune called The 8th of January. Johnny Horton immortalized the song and the Battle of New Orleans in a top 10 hit record of the same name. The War of 1812 did provide a great source of national pride and was regarded, by some, as the second war of independence. It also resulted in some phrases in the American lexicon, including Benjamin Hawkins message to Andrew Jackson that he would attend a meeting. "God willing, and if the Creek don't rise" refers to the Red Sticks coming to battle, requiring his presence. Oliver Perry's message to William Henry Harrison is the oft quoted, "We have met the enemy and they are ours." More importantly, Francis Scott Key wrote The Star Spangled Banner that would become the National Anthem.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/USS_Constitution_vs_Guerriere.jpg
The USS Constitution defeated
the HMS Guerriere and since cannon
balls seemed to bounce from the ship, she
became known as Old Ironsides. The
USS Constitution is still an official
US Navy vessel, the oldest commissioned
vessel, still afloat, in the world.

...in 1983, Dr. Sally Ride became the first American woman in space aboard the Challenger. Of course, we learned June 16th that she was preceded into space by Valentina V. Tereshkova of the Soviet Union.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Ride_on_the_Middeck_-_GPN-2000-001081.jpg/250px-Ride_on_the_Middeck_-_GPN-2000-001081.jpg
Dr. Sally Ride aboard the Space Shuttle
Challenger during the first of her two flights.

...in 1923, the first Checker Cab was built, In the late 1950's, the Checker Marathon became a standard icon in large American cities. It was large, comfortable, easy to get in and out of, and had lots of room for luggage. Unfortunately, at 4,000 pounds, it also got too expensive to operate and faded from favor. Too bad, it was the best taxicab ever made.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Checker_Taxi_1.jpg/125px-Checker_Taxi_1.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Checker_Taxi.JPG/125px-Checker_Taxi.JPG
The Checker Cab and Checker Aerobus, the
original stretch limo.

...in 1942, Paul McCartney was born. Did you know he used to be in a band? Even before Wings?

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/PaulMcCartney60s.jpg/180px-PaulMcCartney60s.jpg
Paul McCartney, circa 1964.

...in 1873, Susan B. Anthony was fined $100.00 for attempting to vote in the 1872 Presidential election.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/88/Susan_Brownell_Anthony_-_Age_28_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_15220.jpg/180px-Susan_Brownell_Anthony_-_Age_28_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_15220.jpg
Susan Brownell Anthony at the
age of 28. She looks real happy,
doesn't she?

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 65 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1865, 2,000 Union Troops, under the command of General Gordon Granger, took Galveston Island and enforced the emancipation of slaves. While the Emacipation Proclamation had been issued on September 22, 1862 and became effective on January 1, 1863, there was initially little effect since most slave states were a part of the Confederate States of America. The former slaves in Galveston began to celebrate in the street and Juneteenth Day celebrations began in Texas the following year. Today, Juneteenth Day is recognized as a holiday by 28 states.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Emancipation_Day_celebration_-_1900-06-19.jpg
The Juneteenth Day, or Emancipation Day,
celebration on June 19, 1900 in Austin, Texas.

...in 1953, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were executed for conspiring to pass United States nuclear secrets to the Soviet Union. Both refused to admit to any criminal acts and proclaimed their innocence right up to the end. Years later, evidence seems to confirm that Julius was, in fact, a spy but perhaps Ethel was innocent.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Julius_and_Ethel_Rosenberg_NYWTS.jpg/200px-Julius_and_Ethel_Rosenberg_NYWTS.jpg
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

...in 1856, the first convention of the Republican Party to nominate a candidate for president ended at Musical Fund Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The party had been born just two years earlier, in Ripon, Wisconsin. Nominee, John C. Frémont, had been the governor of the Arizona Territory, Governor of California and Senator from California. He lost the election to James Buchanan in a three-way race and didn't carry California. (It would take until 1980 for a governor of California to be elected president, Ronald Reagan, also a Republican.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/JCFr%C3%A9mont.jpg/160px-JCFr%C3%A9mont.jpg
John C. Frémont, the first
Republican Party Presidential
Candidate

...in 1949, the first Grand National race was held at the Charlotte Fairgrounds. The race marked what is better known today as NASCAR racing. (The Charlotte Speedway is not the same as the Charlotte Motor Speedway that is the site of NASCAR racing today.)

...in 1905, Harry Davis opened the first nickelodeon. The Pittsburgh storefront theater had 96 seats and charged people 5¢ to see The Great Train Robbery. Davis "coined" the term "nickelodeon" by combining the nickel (5¢) and odeion, a Greek word meaning "roofed over theater." The theater concept caught on, and the more successful theaters had a piano or organ playing appropriate music for a scene, including rags for chase scenes or what became known as "Eliza-crossing-the-ice" music for scarey scenes.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/ComiqueTheatre.jpg/180px-ComiqueTheatre.jpg
A typical Nickelodeon in Toronto,
about 1910.

...in 1945, Abbott and Costello's routine Who's On First was imortalized in the movie, The Naughty Nineties. It had been used in clubs and a shorter version in an earlier film. Watch it here on YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sShMA85pv8M). It's worth spending the entire 6 minutes and 16 seconds to watch it! (Weren't we just talking about grand old comics the other day?)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/97/Abbott_and_Costello.jpg/250px-Abbott_and_Costello.jpg
Lou Costello and Bud Abbott in 1942.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are down to 82 candles. Remember to light candles for Paige and her three children, and that candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 2008, this daily report took on the form that you read today. It took some time before the dates of historical events took on bold facing, but otherwise, the format and the text has remained pretty much the same. In case you wonder why, the update is written before your reporter goes to bed. An automated 'bot logs on to Chef Success, creates the thread and makes an identical post in the Missing thread for posterity. This way, there will someday be a complete record and timeline in Paige's case. Thanks to those of you who support the effort, you are a part of this timeline record.

...in 1977, oil began to flow from Prudhoe Bay through the Alyeska Pipeline Company's 800 mile TAPS, the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System. (Alyeska Pipeline Company is a consortium of oil companies that use the pipeline.) TAPS is 48 inches in diameter, crosses three mountain ranges and over 800 rivers and streams. Over 420 miles of TAPS is mounted above ground on special mountings that also distribute heat, the rest is below ground. It crosses some rivers over specially built bridges and the rest cross underground. The pipeline was built between March 27, 1975 after six years of pre-construction efforts and it was completed on May 31, 1977 at a cost of $8 billion, making it the largest construction project at the time. Much to the dismay of the environmentalists that hate it to this day, the pipeline delivers 800,000 barrels of oil to Valdez, Alaska every day and has delivered 15 billion barrels of oil in its lifetime. The only spill from the pipeline occurred when an unknown terrorist blew a hole in the pipeline. (Leak detectors and a series of valves shut the pipeline down to isolate and prevent spills in those cases.) The carribou herd, predicted to be decimated, has actually grown since the pipeline was built and carribou are known to gather near the pipeline to take advantage of the heat it radiates!

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System_Luca_Galuzzi_2005.jpg/260px-Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System_Luca_Galuzzi_2005.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Alaska_Pipeline_and_caribou.jpg/250px-Alaska_Pipeline_and_caribou.jpg
The Trans-Alaska Pipeline

...in 1863, West Virginia became the 35th State, or the 24th State, depending on status of the 11 states that seceeded. The western counties of Virginia had grown apart from the eastern part of the state. Residents of the wetern counties met in Wheeling and broke from the state on June 11, 1861 by nullifying the secession order and declaring themselves "The Restored Government of Virginia." President Lincoln accepted the results of a referendum, asking for statehood, in April, 1863 and declared statehood effective this day in 1863.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/NewRiverGorgeBridgeWV.jpg/383px-NewRiverGorgeBridgeWV.jpg
The New River Gorge Bridge,
near Beckley, West Virginia. At 3,031 feet
in length, it was the longest single steel arch
bridge in the world when it was built.

...in 1963, in the wake of the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, the United States and Soviet Union agreed to install a "hot line" to instantly communicate in times of crisis.

http://jproc.ca/crypto/hotline_etcrrm.jpg
Contrary to Hollywood and popular opinion, the
"Hot Line" was a teletype system with the American
terminal in the Pentagon. A duplicate to this station was
located in Moscow.

...in 1947, Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel was shot and killed in Beverly Hills, California. In 1945, Siegel built The Flamingo, the first resort/casino in Las Vegas, a sleepy little town in Nevada. It has grown slightly since then.

http://www.ghostinmysuitcase.com/places/flamingo/flamingo.jpg
The Original Flamingo

...in 1948, Toast of the Town premiered on the CBS Television network. Better known as The Ed Sullivan Show, many big time performers made their first appearance on the show.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f5/EdSullivan.jpg/200px-EdSullivan.jpg
Toast of the Town was often referred to as
"The Ed Sullivan Show" although it would not be
so named until 1956. Ed Sullivan hosted the
"really big shoe" from 1948 - 1971.

...in 1975, Jaws was released, setting off a shark frenzy but setting the standard for the Summer Blockbuster.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/eb/JAWS_Movie_poster.jpg/215px-JAWS_Movie_poster.jpg

...in 1837, 18 year old Victoria began her 63 year reign as Queen of England, the longest in history.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Queen_Victoria_by_Bassano.jpg/210px-Queen_Victoria_by_Bassano.jpg
Queen Victoria (1819 - 1901)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 40 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1788, New Hampshire became the 9th state to ratify the Constitution of the United States. In 1789, Congress approved 12 amendments, The Bill of Rights, and sent them out for ratification. Ten of the twelve were adopted. In 1790, Rhode Island became the last state to ratify the Constitution, now the oldest operating constituion in the world.

,,,in 1947, William Clay Ford married Martha Firestone, bringing together two of the largest automotive fortunes in the world. Harvey Firestone and Henry Ford became close friends and allies when Firestone became the exclusive supplier of tires for Ford's Model T. Neither man lived to see their grand-children's wedding - Firestone died in 1938 and Ford had died earlier in 1947, on April 7.

...in 1997, the first game of the National Women's Basketball Association was played. It is comprised of 13 teams and is growing in popularity.

http://www.wnba.com/media/shock/celebration_081005_013.jpg
The Detroit Shock won the WNBA
Championship in 2008 and is the favorite
to repeat this season.

...in 1916, Mexican troops attacked an American force, led by General John J. Pershing, that had penetrated into Mexico to find Pancho Villa. Villa had executed 16 Americans in Mexico and then came across the border to attack Columbus, New Mexico. Under orders from President Wilson, Pershing's expeditionary force was ordered into Mexico to capture or kill Pancho Villa and disperse his army of rebels. Pershing pursued Villa for 11 months and failed to find him, as Villa had intimate knowledge of the terrain. (The explosive situation in Europe likely prevented a Mexican-American war over the attack on Pershing.) Villa was eventually pardoned by the Mexican government but he was assassinated three years later.

http://www.hsgng.org/images/pershing.jpg http://www.hsgng.org/images/horse7.jpg
General John "Black Jack" Pershing and Doroteo Arango, aka Pancho Villa

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 71 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1944, FDR signed the G.I. Bill offering low coast loans and free college tuition. It launched a 30 year economic boom.

http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/images/GI_Bill_of_Rights.jpg
FDR signs the G.I. Bill into law. That's Eleanor watching over his
shoulder, probably making sure he spelled "Franklin" correctly.

,,,in 1945, The Battle of Okinawa came to an end. The battle, one of the bloodiest of the entire war, began on April 1, 1945 when the 10th Army began the amphibious assault of the strategic island, located midway between Japan and Formosa. Taking Okinawa gave the United States an excellent position for staging the planned invasion of the Japanese home islands, while if the Japanese maintained possession of the island would give the Japanese a strategic defensive position. There were more than 100,000 Japanese soldiers entrenched on Okinawa. 60,000 Americans landed on April 1 with little resistance, but on April 4, the Japanese lowered the boom. In the succeeding weeks, Japan valiantly defended the island, making the Americans pay dearly for every inch of ground taken. Americans even faced Japanese women armed with spears. 2,000 kamikaze pilots sunk 36 American ships and when it was all over, 120,000 Japanese had died, including the Japanese leader, Lieutenant General Mitsuru Ushijima, who committed suicide with his staff rather than be captured. About 1/4 of the Okinawan population perished, many by suicide, having been convinced by their Japanese captors that the Americans were monsters who would perform terrible atrocities on them. The Americans suffered 12,500 dead and 35,000 wounded in an eerie foreshadow of what the invasion of Japan would be like. However, with the dropping of two atomic weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August, the war came to an end before the invasion needed to take place.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Cornerstone_of_Peace.jpg
The Cornerstone of Peace on Okinawa lists the names of everyone who died during the battle for Okinawa,
including Japanese, Americans and Okinawan civilians.

...in 1934, Ferdinand Porsche contracted to build three prototypes of the Volksauto, a low-price "people's car" at the request of Adolph Hitler. Building such a car had always been Porsche's dream, but the war interrupted the design and manufacture of the Volkswagen until after the end of the war. During the war, the chassis was used as a platform for army staff cars, a design that Volkswagen would sell in the 1970's as "The Thing."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Volkswagen_Type_1_black_1938.jpg
This is the third prototype Volkswagen, built in 1938 It would be adapted into a staff
car and even an amphibious vehicle for the Wermacht in WWII. The civilian version would
start making it into the United States in 1951.

...in 1942, Congress officially recognized the Pledge of Allegiance. It was written in the 1890's as a way to standardize a salute to the flag. A proclamation by President Benjamin Harrison dictated the pledge to be read on October 12, 1892 and it was officially adopted on Flag Day, June 14, 1924, although Congress never recognized it until this day in 1942. (The words, "under God" were not added until 1954.) When reciting the pledge, citizens should stand at attention while facing the flag and hold their right hands over their hearts. Men should remove their hats. Military personnel stand at attention and salute while all recite:

I pledge allegiance to the flag
Of the United States of America
And to the republic, for which it stands:
One nation, under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.

http://3dflags.com/art/comps/usa0001/3dflags_usa0001-0003a.gif?1190601736

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 84 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1934, in New Zealand, William Bayly was convicted of murder without the body of one of his victims. Forensic evidence was strong enough to bring a conviction, and Bayly was summarily hanged. Bayly was a sheep farmer that lived next door to Samuel Lakey and to say that they hated each other would be a mild understatement. On October 13, 1933, Mrs. Lakey's body was found in the duck pond of the Lakey farm. When questioned, Bayly said Lakey must have killed his wife and taken off, for Lakey was nowhere to be found. Police figured it was more likely that Bayly killed them both, and a search of Bayly's farm revealed a blood-soaked wagon and blood stains inside Bayly's tool shed. Further digging revealed buried remains of charred bones, two false teeth, parts of cigarette holders (that Lakey was known to use) along with bone fragments in a vat used to burn sheep dip. It became evident that Bayly had shot and killed Lakey, dismembered his body and tried to burn it. He was convicted of murder on this date and executed on July 20th.

...in 1967, President Lyndon Johnson met Soviet Premier Aleksei Kosygin in New Jersey. It was the fist time a Soviet Premier had met with a President since Dwight Eisnhower and Nitkita Krushchev had met in 1959. The summit accomplished little but did prove that the two super powers were open to talks.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b5/Johnson_Kosygin_Glassboro_Meeting.jpg/200px-Johnson_Kosygin_Glassboro_Meeting.jpg
Aleksei Kosygin (pointing) and
Lyndon Baines Johnson at their
summit in New Jersey. Little was
accomplished, but the strained
relations between the superpowers
were improved as a result.

...in 1972, President Richard M. Nixon signed the Higher Education Act which included Title IX legislation, prohibiting discrimination between men's and women's educational opportunities. While the act did not specifically state the term "athletics," Title IX had more effect on high school and collegiate sports than anyone anticipated. Some say it was not all positive, either. Participation in women's sports increased exponentially while participation in men's sports is (proportionately) the lowest it has been since the early 1980s. Title IX also meant the end of some sports in many schools.

...in 1848, at the insistance of Sam Houston, the Republic of Texas decided to join the United States. Sam Houston is the only person in US History to serve as the governor of two different states (Tennessee and Texas) and serve as the president of a foreign nation (Republic of Texas.) Houston built the first schoolhouse in Tennessee and had also been part of the Cherokee Nation (named "Colonneh" in English, "The Raven") and later married into the tribe. Even in death, this colorful character carries a large figure in US History, being the namesake of a city, a museum, an army base, a national forest, several parks, a university, a navy submarine and the largest free-standing statue of an American figure.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Samuel_houston.jpg/180px-Samuel_houston.jpg
Samuel Houston (1793-1863)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 68 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1948, the Soviet Union began a blockade of Eastern Germany, cutting off West Berlin from the world. The United States capitalized on the Soviet's PR blunder by countering with the Berlin Airlift, keeping the city alive.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/C-54landingattemplehof.jpg/300px-C-54landingattemplehof.jpg
Berlin residents watch a C-54 landing at
Berlin's Tempelhof Airport during the Berlin
Airlift in 1948.

...in 1953, Massachusetts Senator John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Bouvier announced their engagement.

,,,in 1964, the Federal Trade Commission ordered all cigarette packs to carry the familiar Surgeon General's Warning.

http://uncommon.beaconhilllaw.com/__oneclick_uploads/2009/01/warning_01.gif

Smoke smoke smoke that cigarette
Puff puff puff yourself to death.
Tell St. Peter at the Golden Gate
That you hate to make him wait
But your just gotta have another cigarette.
-Tex Ritter

...in 1947, an American pilot, Kenneth Arnold, reported seeing saucer-shaped objects flying near Mt. Ranier, coining the oft heard phrase, "flying saucer." While he never used the term himself (newspaper reports quoted him as saying "...the objects moved like saucers skipping across the water") the media picked up on it and used "flying saucer" and "flying disc" until into the 1950s.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/PurportedUFO2.jpg/403px-PurportedUFO2.jpg
Alleged flying saucer over
Passoria, NJ in 1952.

...in 1997, the US Air Force officially closed the book on Rozwell, the reported location of an alien spacecraft crash leaving debris and alien bodies. The Air Force says the debris was from balloons and the bodies were dummies, used to test high altitude bail-outs. Many skeptics still do not believe the report. Do you?

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/PlanNine_02.jpg
The flying saucer in Ed Wood's notorious Plan 9 From Outer Space used
flying saucers that strangely resembled Cadillac wheel covers.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 39 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1876, Native American forces led by Chief Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull defeated the forces of Lt. Colonel Geroge Armstrong Custer at the Little Bighorn River in Montana. We're not going to say much, this story has been told, and retold, and told again (most of the tellings are pure fiction, too) but you can find a lot out there if you'd like to read more.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Custer_Massacre_At_Big_Horn%2C_Montana_June_25_187 6.jpg/300px-Custer_Massacre_At_Big_Horn%2C_Montana_June_25_187 6.jpg
Unknown Artist's depiction of the battle
commonly known as Custer's Last Stand.

...in 1868, Florida became the first of the former states of the Confederacy to be readmitted to the Union.

...in 1910, Congress passed the Mann Act, making it illegal to transport a woman across state lines for immoral purposes. The law was used against Charlie Chaplin in 1944. In disgust, he moved to England and never returned. Chuck Berry was convicted of violating the Mann Act and spent two years in prison. Although never repealed, the teeth have been ameded out of it and today, it is seldom invoked.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e1/JamesRobertMann1920.jpg/180px-JamesRobertMann1920.jpg
James Robert Mann (R-Illinois) served in the
House of Representatives from 1897-1922 and
wrote the Mann Act along with legislation that
became the Pure Food & Drug Act and other
notable US laws.

...in 1942, Dwight D. Eisenhower took command of all the European troops, the first step in an ascent to supreme commander of all Allied forces in WW II, and eventually, President of the United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_as_General_of_the_Army_crop.j pg/180px-Dwight_D._Eisenhower_as_General_of_the_Army_crop.j pg
General of the Army,
Dwight David Eisenhower

...in 1950, the Korean War began. Technically, the war is not over, a cease fire that ended hostilities was signed in 1953.

http://1stopkorea.com/images/DMZ-lookingnorth.jpg
At Panmunjeom, these two buildings straddle the border (it's the line
that runs through the middle of the buildings) and are the sites of
meetings between the warring parties. Those are South Korean
guards. The large building is in North Korea.

...in 1951, CBS television made the first broadcast in color, but hardly anyone saw it that way, because most of the few television sets in home were black & white. The CBS color system was incompatible with contemporary black & white sets, but RCA offered their system to CBS. Because RCA was the parent company of rival NBC, eecutives decided not to purchast the RCA system. Although first to broadcast in color, CBS only broadcast specials (like The Wizrd of Oz every year) but lagged behind rivals NBC and ABC well into the 1960s before presenting regular broadcasting in color.

...in 1956, the last Packard automobile came off the assembly line at the Conner Avenue plant in Detroit. In 1902, Henry Joy and a group of investors bought the company from James Ward Packard, and soon converted the company into the leading manufacturer of luxury automobiles. The 1916 Twin-Six, a 12-cylinder automoblile, set the pace for luxury cars. Henry Joy also became the President of the Lincoln Highway Association and drove to finish building the first paved coast-to-coast highway. After WW II, Packard struggled in the market and in a last ditch effort to survive, merged with Studebaker. Eventually, both companies failed.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/56-Packard_Patrician_DV-07-CC_01.jpg
A 1956 Packard Patrician

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 57 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1948, the first flights began in the Berlin Airlift. Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin had blockaded Eastern Germany, leaving the citizens of West Berlin to starve. The airlift continued to supply Berlin for 11 months, until Stalin backed down and removed the blockade.

http://www.spiritoffreedom.org/BAHFC-97FlypastFrontsection.jpg
The Boeing C-97 is a replica of the only C-97 that was used in the Berlin Airlift. It is
one of two C-97s left in the world. It is owned by the Berlin Airlift Historical Foundation (http://www.spiritoffreedom.org/)
that is full of good historical information, and could use your help in their mission to preserve the
Berlin Airlift for future generations.

...in 1959, the St. Lawrence Seaway opened with a ceremony including Queen Elizabeth II and and President Dwight Eisenhower. Since the opening, more than 200 billion tons of cargo, with a value of over $300 billion dollars have passed through the seaway. Along with that, though, has been an invasion of marines - foreign sea life that stows away in the ballast tanks of seagoing vessels have introduced a number of species that have no natural preditors in the Great Lakes.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Eisenhower_Locks.jpg/180px-Eisenhower_Locks.jpg
The Eisenhower Locks in Massena, New York

...in 1784, a little known patriot but American hero, Caeser Rodney of Delaware, passed away. He is best remembered for his overnight ride from Dover to Philadelphia, in a thunderstorm, to cast the deciding vote for the Declaration of Independence. The image of Rodney on his overnight ride is stamped on the new Delaware quarter.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Delaware_quarter%2C_reverse_side%2C_1999.jpg/150px-Delaware_quarter%2C_reverse_side%2C_1999.jpg
Caesar Rodney on the 1999
Delaware State Quarter

...in 1965, Hey, Mister Tambourine Man reached No. 1 on the pop charts. The song was written by Bob Dylan and was the first hit for The Byrds. The song spawned a new genre called "Folk-Rock" that was an influence on later artists like Tom Petty, R.E.M. and The Eagles.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bob_Dylan_in_November_1963.jpg/220px-Bob_Dylan_in_November_1963.jpg
Bob Dylan, November 1963

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 63 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...1847, New York and Boston were connected by telegraph lines.

...1880, Hellen Keller was born.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Helen_Keller_with_Anne_Sullivan_in_July_1888.jpg/225px-Helen_Keller_with_Anne_Sullivan_in_July_1888.jpg
Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan, July 1888

...1950, Presided Truman ordered American troops into South Korea, to help fight off North Koreans who had invaded. In order to avoid an escalated conflict with Russia and China, the action was referred to as a "police action" and is called the Korean Conflict. In South Korea, the war is known as the 6-25 or the 6-25 War while, in North Korea, it is called the Fatherland Liberation War. The conflict was essentially a stalemate and, technically, is not over, but the fighting is halted by a cease fire that has been in effect since July 27, 1953.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/HRS-1_HMR-161_CVE-118_1Sep1952.jpg
The Korean Conflict saw the first heavy use of helicopters in a
war theater. Everyone has seen the Bell 47 helicopter in the movie
and TV series called M*A*S*H but these Sikorski helicopters
were used to ferry Marines to and from the conflict.

...1829, and English scientist named James Smithson passed away in Genoa, Italy after a long illness. His rather unusal bequest decreed that in the event his only heir, a nephew, should die without an heir, that all of his estate be sent to the United States, "...to found at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, and establishment for the increase of diffusion of knowledge." His nephew, James Hungerford, died without an heir in 1835. After a decade of legal wrangling, the Smithsonian Institution was founded. Because Smithson had never visited the United States in his lifetime, his bequest caused much confusion around the world. Today, the Smithsonian Institute consists of nineteen museums, nine research centers and a zoo. John Smithson is interred in a tomb inside the building that bears his name.

http://www.si.edu/ahhp/Smithsons%20Crypt/Smithsons%20Crypt%201905.jpg
John Smithson's tomb in the Smithson Mortuary Chapel. He was interred here
in 1905 and was to be a temporary placement until Congress would make a more fitting
memorial. In the mean time, the entire Smithsonian Museum was built up around the
chapel, far exceeding any Congressional memorial and Smithson's wildest dreams.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Today marks exactly two years since our friend and fellow Cheffer, Paige Birgfeld, disappeared without a trace. There isn't really a lot to say here, because it's all been said at one time or another over the last twenty-four months. We can, most certainly, say again how our hearts go out to Paige's family, her children and the many friends that are left behind.

There were no new developments yesterday, either. There is really nothing new to report except to say, Paige, help us find you so we can bring you home.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 48 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 2008, in honor of the 366 days that Paige had been missing, Chefann suggested that we light 366 Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige). The goal was accomplished early that evening, and when the update was posted on the 29th 419 candles were burning! ChefAnn posted the 366th candle that day, using the phrase that Paige's father, Frank Birgfeld, made famous on the CBS News report about her.

http://www.chefsuccess.com/members/the_kitchen_guy-albums-bucket-picture82-candle366.jpg

...in 2008, a woman who used to be employed as a babysitter for Paige, named Carol, told KJCT-TV that Rob Dixon, Paige's second ex husband and father of her children, did know Lester Jones, a claim that Dixon's lawyer has repeatedly denied. Carol says, "We don't know if Paige is in the state or not, who knows where she is. No one has a clue except for Rob Dixon and Lester Ralph Jones." No one, except law enforcement, knows if anything ever came of her report.

...in 1953, the first Corvette started down the assembly line. It was not very popular, only 300 Corvettes were made in that first year. Equipped with the famous Chevrolet Blue Flame Six, the car was hardly a performer but once the Corvette received a V8 engine, it became a performer and a fantasy for every car enthusiast. (A Corvette with Serial # 44 went up for auction at a collector car show yesterday. The results of the auction are unknown to me, but if you have to ask, you can't afford it, anyway.)

http://www.web-cars.com/images/vette_img/GMInnovation-A9A_a.jpg
1953 Corvette - only 300 were produced, no one wanted one. Now everyone does!

...in 1894, The first Labor Day was celebrated. The day off was only for federal employees, though.

...in 1975, Rod Serling passed away after open heart surgery. He was only 50. Serling had been a prolific and well respected television writer when he launched his fondly remembered anthology series, The Twilight Zone. Before The Twilight Zone, Serling was best known for writing live drama for television in the 1950s, the so-called "Golden Age." He also wrote and produced Carol for Another Christmas, a modern and apocalyptic retelling of Dickens' A Christmas Carol in which a modern day Scrooge (Daniel Grudge) is taken to a bleak future of a world devastated by nuclear war. The all-star cast included Peter Sellers, Steve Lawrence, Pat Hingle, Peter Fonda, Robert Shaw and Sterling Hayden as the Scrooge character. It was the only television production ever directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz and it aired only one time, December 28, 1964.

http://danwoog.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/blog-twilight-zone.jpg?w=500&h=229


...in 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife, Sophie, were shot to death by a Bosnian Serb. Bosnia and Herzegovina bad been annexed by Austria-Hungary in 1908 which angered Serbs, who believed the territories should be a part of Serbia. The assasinations set off a chain of events that led to World War I.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Franzferdinand.jpg/220px-Franzferdinand.jpg
Archduke Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie
with two of their three children. Their deaths
are attributed as the cause of WW I.

...in 1919, ironically 5 years, to the day, that Archduke Franz and Sophie Ferdinand had been assassinated to start WW I, the Treaty of Versailles was signed. The crippling treaty appalled English economist, John Maynard Keynes, who resigned his post from the British Treasury in protest of the treaty. He wrote a book about it, called The Economic Consequences of Peace, in which he predicted the financial collapse of Germany that would have world wide economic repercussions. The crash came in November of 1923, and by the time the treaty was modified, it was too late, Hitler had taken power and the path to World War II was already paved. Keynes died in 1946, but in the late '30s, he had outlined his opinions that became known as Keynesian Economics, which most Western powers subscribe to yet, today. Not everyone agrees with his theories, in fact, many reputable economists have rejected Keynesian Economics as unrealistic and damaging to the world economy. Many point to the current economic malaise as proof that Keynes was right about the Treaty of Versailles but wrong about governments spending money that they don't have.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/WhiteandKeynes.jpg/180px-WhiteandKeynes.jpg
John Maynard Keynes (1883 - 1946)
on the right, with Harry Dexter White
at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1946.

That's it.That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Bone in murder probe 'unidentifiable,' cops say

By PAUL SHOCKLEY
Link: The Grand Junction Daily Sentinel
(http://www.gjsentinel.com/search/content/news/stories/2009/06/27/062809_3a_Birgfeld_folo.html)
Saturday, June 27, 2009

Nearly a year after a hiker in Utah stumbled upon it, a small piece of human skull that piqued the interest of investigators looking into Paige Birgfeld’s disappearance remains a mystery.

But while questions remain about the roughly silver-dollar-sized bone, Grand County (Utah) Sheriff James Nyland said he’s confident about one thing: who it didn’t belong to.

“It didn’t appear to be recent enough to be from any of these homicides,” said Nyland, referring to Birgfeld’s case and the murder of Leann Emry, a Washington woman whose partial remains were found in March near Moab. Today marks two years since Birgfeld was last seen alive.

The bone in question was returned to Grand County this past spring after it had been tested at the FBI’s laboratory in Quantico, Va. Nyland said the FBI couldn’t extract DNA because of the bone’s age. He didn’t offer an age estimate.

“It’s not identifiable,” he said. “It was found at the bottom of a dry wash (in Bryson Canyon), so it could have come out of the Bookcliffs.”

No other bones submitted by Grand County were tested at the FBI lab, Nyland said.

Mesa County Sheriff’s Department investigators spent several days searching in Utah in late July 2008 after the bone was found by a hiker, who picked it up and brought it to Grand Junction. It was eventually handed over to the Utah Medical Examiner’s Office.

Authorities have said it’s illegal to move any suspected human remains.

Mesa County law enforcement officials still think about Birgfeld, a mother of three children, whenever news breaks about the recovery of human remains in the region. Most recently, the June 14 recovery of a dismembered body in a Glenwood Springs apple orchard had authorities wondering if it might be Birgfeld. Instead, it was a missing Aurora woman, 38-year-old Janine Ann Johler.

Birgfeld, 34, an escort known to clients as “Carrie,” was last heard from while driving back to her Grand Junction home the evening of June 28, 2007, after spending the day with her first husband, Howard Beigler of Aurora.

Beigler and Birgfeld’s second husband, Rob Dixon, were cleared in October 2007 of involvement in Birgfeld’s disappearance. At the same time, authorities named Pear Park mechanic Lester Ralph Jones as the lone suspect in the case.

No arrests have been made.

While Mesa County Sheriff Stan Hilkey said investigators are waiting to hear back on several items sent out for testing to the Colorado Bureau of Investigation, there have been no recent new leads. District Attorney Pete Hautzinger last year raised the prospect of presenting the case to a Mesa County grand jury, but made no commitments.

The proceedings are secret under state law.

“That seems like a logical next step in the absence of new developments,” Hilkey said of a grand jury probe.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There was one newsy item published over the weekend, otherwise, there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. On Saturday, the GJ Daily Sentinel published a follow-up on the remains that were found in Utah so many months ago. Otherwise? Nada. Zip. Zilch. Gnorscht. (The article is in the Missing and yesterday's update thread in case you missed it.)

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 80 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1613, London' Globe Theater burned down. It was the theater where almost every Shakespeare play made its premier.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Southwark_reconstructed_globe.jpg/180px-Southwark_reconstructed_globe.jpg
A modern reproduction of the Globe.

...in 1956, Congress authorized the funding of the Federal Highway Act, which had been passed in 1955 and began the construction of the Interstate Highway system. President Eisenhower had been on the Army's first motorized convoy in 1919 that went from Washington to San Francisco on the Lincoln Highway, where he learned the value of good roads. The German Autobahn was another lesson for him that helped inspire the Interstate Highway System.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Eisenhower_Interstate_System.svg/150px-Eisenhower_Interstate_System.svg.png
This sign was introduced in 1993 but
does not appear everywhere, yet. While
the I-system was signed into law by
President Eisenhower, the five stars
commemorate his work as General of
the Army in World War II.

...in 1985, Jim Pattison purchased a Rolls-Royce Phantom V limousine for $2,229,000.00. Yes, that's over $2 Million. The limo had been purchased by John Lennon in 1966 and had it painted in the psychedelic color scheme popular at the time.

http://thumb1.webshots.net/t/59/459/9/85/81/2616985810038203561foDXEd_th.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 107 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1859, The Great Blondin, real name, Jean-Francois Gravelet, stretched a tightrope across the Niagara River gorge, just downstream from the falls and became the first of several daredevils to perform the stuntof walking across Niagara Falls on a tightrope. He was noted for repeating the feat several times, soemtimes blindfolded, once carrying his manager, another time sitting down in the middle of the wire to cook an omelet and once pushing a wheelbarrow while wearing a gorilla suit.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Charles.Blondin.jpg
The Great Blondin carrying
his manager, Harry Colcord, on a
tightrope for a publicity still.

...in 1969, the last Rambler came off the AMC assembly line. The "Kenosha Kadillac" was the brainchild of George Walter Mason at the conclusion of WWII. Mason knew independents like Nash, Hudson, Studebaker and Packard, would have a great deal of trouble competing with the Big 3 once they shifted from war to peace time production. Hudson and Nash merged to form AMC, and leader of the company, George Romney, coined the term, "gas-guzzling dinosaur" to describe the products coming from the Big 3. The Rambler kept AMC in business through those tumultuous times. What was left of AMC was aquired by Chrysler Corporation in 1987. (The first "Rambler" was built by Thomas B. Jeffrey in Kenosha in 1903. Jeffrey died in 1910, his son Charles took the helm. Charles survived the sinking of the Lusitania and decided he wanted to retire. The Thomas B. Jeffrey Company was sold to Charles Nash in 1916 who renamed it "Nash" after himself. All that is left of Jeffrey's company is making engines in Kenosha, but not much longer. Chrysler has announced that the engine plant is being closed and engine production is shifting to Mexico. That signals the end of 106 years of automaking in Kenosha.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/1958_Rambler_sedan_pink_and_white_NJ.jpg
1958 Rambler

...in 1936, Margaret Mitchell published her first and only novel, Gone With The Wind. It created quite a stir. Some hated it for making the South the protagonists, and for romanticizing the elitist society of slave owners. That was probably what made it sell so well, for telling the story of the war from the viewpoint of the defeated. It sold millions of copies, was adopted into a blockbuster movie and earned Mitchell the Pulitzer Prize.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 95 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1867, Great Britain recognized The Dominion of Canada with the passage of the British North American Act. The provinces of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick were united as the Dominion of Canada with John A.. Macdonald as the first prime minister.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Canadian_Coat_of_Arms_Shield.svg/105px-Canadian_Coat_of_Arms_Shield.svg.png

...in 1941, NBC aired the first commercial allowed by the FCC, beginning an American institution that we all hate, except it gives us a chance to hit the kitchen for chips and dip.

...in 1898, Theodore Roosevelt led the "Rough Riders" as a part of the force that charged up San Juan Hill, near Santiago, Cuba, to take the San Juan Heights during the famous battle of the Spanish-American War. (Included in this battle was the 10th Cavalry "Buffalo Soldiers" with a young lieutenant, John J. "Black Jack" Pershing.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/RoughRiders.jpeg/300px-RoughRiders.jpeg
Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders
at the top of San Juan Heights in 1898.

...in 1919, Dwight Eisenhower married Mamie Geneva Doud. Mamie was born in Boone, Iowa, which is on the Lincoln Highway. In 1919, Eisenhower was part of the army's first motorized convoy across the United States, on the Lincoln Highway. As President, Eisenhower would remember his two month adventure on the Lincoln when he asked Congress to build the Interstate Highway System in 1955. Eisenhower passed away in 1969, Mamie passed in 1979 at the age of 82. During the 1960s, a very liberal era, Eisenhower was derided as a "do-nothing" president and was often mocked for building a putting green on the White House lawn. Over the years, however, history has been far more kind, recognizing his considerable accomplishments while in office, including ending the Korean Conflict, creation of the Interstate Highway System, the admission of two states to the union and forceful action in the field of civil rights. The landmark Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka came under his watch, and he supported that decision to desegregate schools by demanding the schools of Washington to be a model of desegregation for the rest of the country. He also signed two Civil Rights Acts into law (1957 and 1960) which were the first civil rights acts since 1870. Eisenhower was the first president to hire a "Chief of Staff" to act as a gatekeeper, an excellent idea to which every succeeding president has adopted. In most surveys of historians, Eisenhower is usually ranked as one of the top 10 American Presidents.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Mamie_Eisenhower.jpg/225px-Mamie_Eisenhower.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Dwight_D._Eisenhower%2C_official_photo_portrait%2C _May_29%2C_1959.jpg/225px-Dwight_D._Eisenhower%2C_official_photo_portrait%2C _May_29%2C_1959.jpg
Mamie Doud Eisenhower (1896-1979) and Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (1890-1969)

...in 1956, speaking of Dwight Eisenhower, the Highway Revenue Act took effect, setting into motion the building of his Interstate Highway System. The plan was to take 12 years to complete at an estimated cost of $25 billion. The first construction began in 1956 in Kansas (or Missouri, the battle for bragging rights continues to this day) and it is generally thought that the last Interstate of the original plan was I-70 through Glenwood Canyon in 1992. Although other Interstate highways are being built as you read this, the original designated Interstate system took 36 years and $114 billion to complete. The first Interstate highway was, arguably, the Pennsylvania Turnpike, which opened in 1940 between Irwin and Carlisle. It is now badged as I-70 and I-76 and Pennsylvania refers to it as "The Granddaddy of the Pikes." ¹

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Map_of_current_Interstates.svg/689px-Map_of_current_Interstates.svg.png
The Interstate Highway System - purple lines are completed routes, blue shows certain (but not all)
three-digit designated spurs or bypass routes and green signifies proposed routes under consideration.

http://www.aaroads.com/shields/img/NV/NV19632252t100800.jpg http://www.aaroads.com/shields/img/MO/MO19790352t100350.jpg http://www.aaroads.com/shields/img/IA/IA19723804t103800.jpg http://www.aaroads.com/shields/img/IN/IN19794653t104650.jpg

Even numbered highways travel east-west.
Odd numbered highways travel north-south.
3 digit highways are spurs or bypasses. Numbers come from the parent road.
Odd-leading numbers are spurs that will end away from the parent.
Even-leading numbers are loops that return to the parent.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

¹ The real granddaddy of the pikes was the German Autobahn, which impressed General Eisenhower during WWII. It also impressed President Roosevelt enough for him to ask his highway commissioner, Thomas MacDonald, to lay out a proposed route of military highways. MacDonald presented his plan to FDR in 1938, and it actually isn't much different from today's Interstate Highway System.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 75 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1881, President James A. Garfield was shot by assassin Charles J. Guiteau. He survived for 80 days and was recovering at the New Jersey seaside when he suddenly died. Guiteau was a disgruntled applicant for a federal appointment that he did not get. He was convicted and hung on June 30, 1882.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Garfield_assassination_engraving_cropped.jpg/250px-Garfield_assassination_engraving_cropped.jpg
President Garfield with James G. Blaine
after being shot by Charles J. Guiteau

...in 1863, the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg began with General Lee's Army of the Northern Virginia attacking General George Meade's Army of the Potomac at Culp's Hill and Little Round Top. The Union army was not moved from their positions. This day represented the fiercest fighting of the battle with both sides suffering heavy casualties.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Round_Tops_panorama_1909.jpg/600px-Round_Tops_panorama_1909.jpg
Little Round Top (left) and Big Round Top in 1909.

...in 1890, the Sherman Anti-Trust Act was passed. The idea was to head off the formation of monopolies that could control prices of any given commodity. The bill was well intended but weak language left it open to broad interpretation and lots of litigation. Sounds kinda modern, doesn't it? More anti-trust and anti-monopoly legislation was to follow and President Teddy Roosevelt took on the railroads, the coal mines and the oil companies.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3b/Coal.JPG/350px-Coal.JPG
Teddy Roosevelt made "trust busting" into an art form
during his administration. Here he is shown taking coal barrons
to school after the 1902 coal strike paralyzed the country.

...in 1776, the Continental Congress voted on Richard Henry Lee's resolution, "Resolved: That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved." The vote was unanimous, except for New York. The delegation had not been directed of which way to vote, and with no direction, abstained. The brilliant, and prescient, John Adams declared that July 2 would be remembered forever with pomp, parade and fireworks. He was only incorrect on the date, July 4, when Thomas Jefferson's edited Declaration of Independence was adopted.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/RichardHenryLee.jpg/200px-RichardHenryLee.jpg
Richard Henry Lee of the Lees of Olde Virginia.
“To preserve liberty, it is essential that the whole
body of the people always possess arms, and be
taught alike, especially when young, how to use them.”
--Richard Henry Lee (1732-1794)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Johnadamsvp.flipped.jpg/225px-Johnadamsvp.flipped.jpg
"A single assembly is apt to grow ambitious,
and after a time will not hesitate to vote itself
perpetual...a single assembly, possessed of all
the powers of government, would make arbitrary
laws for their own interest, execute all laws
arbitrarily for their own interest, and adjudge all
controversies in their own favor."
--John Adams, Thoughts on Government, April 1776

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[chefann]

KG is away from his computer, and asked me to post the update for him.

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 58 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1863, July 3 was the last day of the Battle of Gettysburg. General Lee's Army of the Northern Virginia had failed in attacking General George Meade's Army of the Potomac on the left and right at Culp's Hill and Little Round Top. The Union army was not moved from their positions, so on the third day, he attacked the center. Cannonade was intense from both sides. At 3 PM, General George Pickett led 15,000 men into no man's land, only to find that Lee's bombardment had failed. In less than an hour, 7,000 Confederate troops were either dead or captured. It was the turning point of the war, Lee retreated south, thus ending the last Confederate foray into Union territory.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Battle_of_Gettysburg%2C_by_Currier_and_Ives.png/300px-Battle_of_Gettysburg%2C_by_Currier_and_Ives.png
The Battle of Gettysburg by
Currier & Ives

...in 1978, Ernest Breech passed away in Royal Oak, Michigan at the age of 81. In 1946, Breech became the vice president of the ailing Ford Motor Company and began trimming the fat. He took over the chairmanship of Ford in 1955. The company had been reeling since the unexpected death of Edsel Ford in 1943, when Henry Ford II was pulled from the Navy to take over the colossus his grandfather had built. When Breech took over, Ford was hemorrhaging money. He instituted a modern management model and when he left Ford in 1960, the company was earning $500 million a year.

http://www.automotivehalloffame.org/honors/show_image.php?img=1&id=11
Ernest Breech rose to fame at GM as a
trouble shooter that couldn't resist a challenge.
He caught the eye of a young and inexperienced
Henry Ford II, who lured Breech away from GM
to tackle the ailing Ford Motor Company in 1946.

...in 1971, Jim Morrison was found dead in a bathtub in Paris. Morrison's band, The Doors was named after Aldous Huxley's book, The Doors of Perception. (Look it up for a surprise that isn't much of a surprise.) Their most famous hit was their first, Light My Fire, in 1967.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/50/Jim_Morrison_-_Fillmore_East.jpg
Jim Morrison (1943-1971)

...in 1775, George Washington took command of the Continental Army for the Revolutionary War.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Portrait_of_George_Washington.jpeg/140px-Portrait_of_George_Washington.jpeg
General George Washington

That's it. That's all we know as of 6:52 AM, EDT.

[chefann]

HAPPY INDEPENDENCE DAY

KG is still away, so I'm filling in again. And I apologize for the lateness of these posts. But I'm not staying up until midnight just to post them.

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 45 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1776, the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence to support the approval of declaring independence on July 2. The Declaration came 442 days after the Revolutionary War began in Lexington and Concord, Mass on April 19, 1775. New York did not approve the document until July 19 and John Hancock's signature stood pretty much alone until August 2, by which time, everyone had signed it. Each signer risked their lives and properties as traitors to the English Crown. Ben Franklin was quoted as saying, "We most certainly will all hang together or hang separately."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Us_declaration_independence.jpg/200px-Us_declaration_independence.jpg
Happy Birthday, America!

...in 1954, in Cleveland, the wife of Dr. Sam Sheppard, Marilyn, was beaten to death in her home while Dr. Sheppard slept in another room. He claimed he saw a bushy-haired man fleeing the scene. Jurors were influenced by media reports proclaiming Sheppard's guilt and convicted him. His conviction was overturned in 1966 because of the jury's prejudiced convictions. The story influenced the creation of the Quinn Martin television series, The Fugitive and a Harrison Ford movie of the same name. DNA testing of crime scene evidence in 1998 vindicated the late Dr. Sheppard.

http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/sheppard/waterskiingsam.jpg
Marilyn and Sam Sheppard. He was convicted of
her brutal murder, claiming an intruder murdered Marilyn,
not him. His story inspired the entertainment franchise
known as The Fugitive. His conviction was overturned
in 1966.

...in 1804, Lewis & Clark celebrate the first 4th of July west of the Mississippi. The date was marked by naming a waterway, "Independence Creek." At dusk, they fired their cannon and an extra ration of whiskey was doled out.

...in 1917, American WWI troops celebrate Indendence Day by marching through Paris to the tomb of Marquis de Lafayette, a member of the French aristocracy and hero of the American Revolution.

...in 1826, old friends and patriots, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, passed away within hours of one another on the day they helped make famous. After the Declaration of Independence was signed, Adams went to France as ambassador while Jefferson went home to Virginia to be governor. Adams later became Vice-President under Washington and Jefferson was appointed Secretary of State. Adams and Jefferson developed very different political ideals, Adams' Federalist Party supported a strong Federal government and conservative property rights. Jefferson's Democratic-Republicans, which grew into the Democrat Party, was more interested in less government and states' rights. (Ironically, just the opposite of today's Democrat party ideals.) Adams and Jefferson both retired to their farms but kept up a lively correspondence that today, still document American political ideals.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Johnadamsvp.flipped.jpg/225px-Johnadamsvp.flipped.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Tj3.gif
John Adams and Thomas Jefferson - partriots,
past Presidents of the United States, political
opposites and life-long friends. Their lively
correspondence documents early government ideals.
The two, ironically, died within hours of one another
on July 4, 1826.

That's it. That's all we know as of 7:31 AM, EDT.

[chefann]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had only 31 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1946, the first Summer after the way in Europe, Louis Reard, a French designer, introduced a daring new fashion design at a popular Paris swimming pool. The two piece bathing suit was dubbed a "bikini" because the United States had made an atomic test on the Bikini Atoll earlier that same week. Professional models refused to wear the new suit, so Reard hired a stripper to model the suit. Reard advertised that a swim suit was not a genuine Bikini unless it could be pulled through a wedding ring. The Bikini swept through Europe, but not in America, where prudish outlooks kept it away until 1960, when Brian Hyland's novelty record, Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polka Dot Bikini, became a hit in 1960.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d4/MichelineBernardini.jpg/180px-MichelineBernardini.jpg
Micheline Bernardini was hired to
model Reard's "bikini" because fashion
models refused to wear the radical design.

...in 1865, Methodist Minister William Booth and his wife, Catherine, established the Christian Mission in London. The organization was modeled after the British army with officers and recruits. In 1878, the name was changed to The Salvation Army and opened a branch in Philadelphia. Today, it operates in more than 75 countries.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Williambooth.jpg/180px-Williambooth.jpg
William Booth

...in 1933, Adolph Hitler appointed Fritz Todt to be in charge of German highways. A civil engineer by trade, Todt's master's theory at the Technical University of Munich was entitled, Sources of defects in the construction of tarmac and asphalt road surfaces." (Doesn't that sound exciting?) His charter was to develop the Autobahn. The system was the envy of the world, and when General Eisenhower saw the speed and ease that the Wehrmacht was able to move materiel demonstated how good roads are tied to good economic development. Todt fell out of favor with Nazi leaders when he suggested that the Russian front was consuming far too much materiel and should be terminated. He died in a plane crash in 1942. Some say it was an assassination but no proof has ever presented to back up the claim.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1969-146-01%2C_Fritz_Todt.jpg/180px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1969-146-01%2C_Fritz_Todt.jpg
Fritz Todt (1891-1942)

...in 1975, heavy favorite Jimmy Connors was defeated by Arthur Ashe to win the Wimbledon Championship, the first black man to ever do so.

http://toddmartinkids.org/Graphics/Arthur-Ashe-01.jpg
Arthur Asche (1943-1993)

...in 1954, Elvis Presley recorded That's All Right, Mama for Sam Phillips, which became a hit in Memphis. Some historians mark this recording as the birth of Rock an' Roll.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/That%27s_All_Right.jpg/200px-That%27s_All_Right.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 8:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

:sing:Back in the saddle, again. Out where a friend is a friend...:sing: There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 40 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1955, the Federal Air Pollution Control act was past, beginning the first serious study into automotive emmissions.

...in 1862, Samuel Clemens began his career as a journalist with the Virginia City, NV Territorial Enterprise when his first work appeared on this date in 1862. His brother, Orion, became the governor of Nevada and Samuel gladly followed him after spending four years on the Mississippi River. When his short story, The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calavaras County was published, he became a well known and celebrated author, known as Mark Twain.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Mark_Twain%2C_Brady-Handy_photo_portrait%2C_Feb_7%2C_1871%2C_cropped.j pg/200px-Mark_Twain%2C_Brady-Handy_photo_portrait%2C_Feb_7%2C_1871%2C_cropped.j pg
Samuel Clemens portrait
by Matthew Brady

...in 1976, the U.S. Naval Acadamy accepted 81 women as Midshipmen, for the very first time. In 1980, Elizabeth Anne Rowe became the first graduate.

...in 1957, Althea Gibson became the first African-American to win the women's singles at Wimbledon.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Althea_Gibson_NYWTS.jpg/200px-Althea_Gibson_NYWTS.jpg
Althea Gibson

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 67 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1976, the United States Military Acadamy, more commonly referred to as "West Point," enrolled women into the ranks of student. In 1980, 62 of them graduated into the army.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Class_of_1980.jpg/180px-Class_of_1980.jpg
The first women cadets graduated
from West Point in 1980.

...in 2005, terrorists pulled off a coordinated suicide bomb attack in London. Three bombs detonated in "the tube" and one in a bus, all during rush hour. 56 people died, including the bombers, and over 700 were injured in the most grusome attack on London since World War II. Al Qaida claimed responsibility on September 1.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Russell_square_ambulances.jpg/250px-Russell_square_ambulances.jpg
First responders at Russell Square shortly
after the bombings. A memorial is scheduled
open today to honor the 52 innocent people
who died. (No one really gives a rip about the
four terrorists who died.)

...in 1928, Chrysler Corporation unveiled the Plymouth line of midsize, "popular price" cars to compete with Ford and GM. At $670, the Plymouth was attractive and sold nearly 80,000 units. (In comparison, Ford sold 611,850 first-year 1928 Model A's. They actually sold more but were unable to deliver them due to start-up production problems and sold 1.5 million units in 1929.) Chrysler went on to purchase the Dodge line from the estates of John and Horace Dodge, then introduced the DeSoto. Chrysler was the only American car company to pay dividends during the Great Depression and even topped their 1929 sales figures in 1933. Production of the DeSoto line came to an end in 1958 and the Plymouth nameplate was retired in 2001.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/1928-plymouth-archives.jpg/180px-1928-plymouth-archives.jpg

...in 1900, Warren Earp was shot and killed during a gunfight in Wilcox, Arizona. The youngest, and least famous, of the Earp brothers, along with the oldest Earp brother, James, did not participate in the shoot-out with the Clantons and McLaury's in Tombstone, Arizona, that has become known as the "Gunfight At The OK Corral." The gunfight become the stuff of legend for novelists and film makers, elevating Morgan, Virgil and Wyatt, along with a dentist known as Doc Holliday, to icon status of the west. Many folks do not know they were real people.

http://www.discoverseaz.com/Graphics/Attractions/WillCem.jpg
The alledged grave of
Warren Earp, in Wilcox, AZ.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 59 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1951, the City of Paris celebrated its 2,000th birthday. Modern Paris is a city of 2 million with about 12 million in the metropolitan area. About 250 B.C., a tribe called the Parisii settled on an island in the River Seine, and by 52 B.C. the city had been taken over by the Roman Empire. As the city expanded from the island, the Left Bank became known as the intellectual center while the Right Bank became known for business. Paris is still known as the center for fashion, art and culture.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Paris_Night.jpg/800px-Paris_Night.jpg
Paris, France, La Ville-Lumière the "City of Lights".

...in 1951, in Milwaukee, Joel Thorne rented a Cadillac and drove it in a 150 mile stock car race. Thorne was a rather off-beat socialite and heir to a fortune, and seemed determined to spend every dollar his trust fund gave him. He started Throne Engineering in Los Angeles, and dreamed of winning the Indy 500. He didn't win it, himself anyway, but his driver, George Robson, won the 1946 Indy 500, the first one after the War.

...in 1871, the New York Times began running a series of articles that exposed the incredible corruption in New York City government, run by William "Boss" Tweed who amassed a fortune in his post as head of the DPW. Contractors were told by Tweed to inflate their invoices by muliplying the amounts by five, ten or 100 times. The invoices were approved by Mayor A. Oakley Hall and Parks Commissioner Peter Sweeny. Checks were issued by Controller Connoly. An intermediary cashed the checks, with the original invoice amount being paid to the contractor with the rest of the money going to Hall, Sweeny, Connolly and Tweed. Tweed escaped and was on his way to Spain when authorities apprised Spanish officials of his escape. He was recognized by Spanish law officers from the cartoons drawn by Thomas Nast. He was returned to New York and returned to prison, where he died in 1878.

http://nhs.needham.k12.ma.us/cur/Sintros3/SpoilsSystem/Boss_Tweed.JPG
Characiture and image of Boss Tweed

...in 1960, Francis Gary Powers went on trial in the Soviet Union, charged with espionage. Powers was a pilot for the CIA, flying a U-2, a product of the Lockheed "Skunk Works." The secret aircraft was capable of flying at 80,000 feet, right on the edge of the atmosphere and well out of range of Soviet anti-aircraft missles. The plane was equipped with cameras designed to shoot detailed photos from that altitude. The Soviets shot down the plane at a lower altitude as it crossed into Soviet airspace and Powers was unable to activate the self-destruct mechanism as he baled out into the hands of the KGB. The plane was captured almost intact, leaving no doubt as to the mission and greatly embarrassing the Eisenhower administration. The incident set back Soviet-American relations for several years. Powers was released as part of a spy exchange. Employed to pilot a helicopter for a Los Angeles television station, he died in 1977 crash when his helicopter ran out of fuel.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Usaf.u2.750pix.jpg/300px-Usaf.u2.750pix.jpg

The U-2 is still in service, used to gather intelligence and for callibration of satellites. It is very diffiuclt to fly and worse to land. A modified Ford Mustang acts as a chase car during landings, calling out telemetry readings to aid the pilot in landing the odd aircraft.

...in 1776, the Liberty Bell rang out from Indepedence Hall (as the building is now called) to call citizens to hear the first public reading of the Declaration of Independence. The bell is inscribed with the biblical quotation, "Proclaim Liberty Throughout All the Land unto All the Inhabitants Thereof." It cracked in 1835 during the funeral of Chief Justice John Marshall. The dulled sound of the bell was broadcast around the world on June 6, 1944 when Allied forces stormed Normandy. The bell was moved to its current site, a pavillion close to Independence Hall, in 1976.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Libertybell_alone_small.jpg
Souza's Liberty Bell March was supposed to honor this
icon of American Independence but is best remembered as the
theme song to Monty Python's Flying Circus.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 46 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1877, the All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club began holding a lawn tennis tournament in a town away from London, called Wimbledon. London grew and swallowed the town but not the tournament, and Wimbledon is recognized as the tennis tournament in the world, and is the only major tournament still held on grass.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Centre_Court_Wimbledon_%282%29.jpg/200px-Centre_Court_Wimbledon_%282%29.jpg
The Centre Court at Wimbledon now has
a closable roof to prevent rain delays.

...in 1919, Ford Motor Company was reorganized as a Delaware corporation and Edsel Ford was named as president. It was a clever ploy by Henry Ford to buy out minority stockholders in order for him to take 100% control of the auto company that bore his name. Two of the initial stockholders from the beginning in 1903, were brothers named John and Horace Dodge. They used their fortune to start their own automobile company and buying them out of Ford Motor Company was Henry's top priority. Although Edsel was listed as president, a post he held until he died in 1943, there was no doubt that Henry was in charge. When the buyout was complete, Ford Motor Company held 60% of the American car market.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Edsel_Bryant_Ford.jpg/250px-Edsel_Bryant_Ford.jpg
Edsel Bryant Ford (1893-1943)
Edsel Ford was a styling genius and a
well-known and respected philanthropist in
the Detroit area.

...in 1948, Leroy "Satchel" Paige pitched two innings for the Cleveland Indians, making his major league debut in the recently integrated league. Arguably the greatest pitcher to ever play the game, Paige was known for his lightning fastball and a series of trick pitches that baffled batters. The nickname came from his boyhood days of handling luggage at the Mobile, Alabama train station. (In one of Joe DiMaggio's last minor league appearances, he went 1-4 against Paige. He later said, "I knew I could make it in the big leagues because I hit off Satch.") Paige was also known for his pithy sayings, bravado and showmanship. In an exhibition game, after hearing racial insults from a white batter, he called the outfielders in and had the other seven players sit in a semi circle behind the mound. He then struck out the side. He pitched for the Kansas City Athletics in 1965 at the age of 59, well, maybe. No one really knows his age but he is recognized as the oldest player to pitch in the major leagues. He was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1971. His secret? "Avoid fried foods that angry up the blood." He was one of a kind.

http://www.freewebs.com/baseballhound/photos/paige.jpg
Leroy "Satchel" Paige (18XX?-1982)
He is buried on Paige Island in the Forest Hill
Memorial Park Cemetery in Kansas City.

...in 1960, President Dwight Eisenhower and Soviet Premier Krushchev began exhanging heated words over Cuba. Fidel Castro had overthrown the Cuban government in January, 1959. The already tense atmosphere between the giants (see yesterday's update) escalated as Krushchev vowed to make Cuba a Communist regime. United States corporations had their Cuban facilities nationalized and Castro expelled American personel. Cuba began shipping sugar to Russia instead of the United States, causing a food price crisis not unlike last year's oil price escalations. Eisenhower began to design an overthrow of the Castro regime, a plan that John Kennedy inherited and resulted in the failed Bay of Pigs invasion. Eisenhower severed diplomatic ties with Cuba, which still stands, and the Cuban situation reached its peak in May, 1963 with the missile crisis.

...in 1941, British cryptologists broke the German army Enigma codes. The Enigma machine was a complex coding device that required the same device to decode messages. The Germans thought the Enigma code to be unbreakable, but they were wrong. Until the 1970s, work at Bletchly Park, a center of British Intelligence, remained secret. (Over 10,000 people worked at Bletchley Park during the war and all remained silent about their work!) What is recognized as one of, if not the first, digital computer named "Colossus" was built by Tommy Flowers and a team of researchers. Also little known was that Alan Turing, an English crpytologist, built a computer named "Bombe" that was also used to break the codes. The device was inspired by a Polish computer, designed by Polish cryptologist Marian Rejewski, that was known as the "Cryptologic bomb." All ten Colossus compters and the Bombe were destroyed at the end of the war and remained secret. It is only in the last few years that the story of the world's first computers, built to decrypt Engima messages, have come to light.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/ColossusRebuild_11.jpg/140px-ColossusRebuild_11.jpg
In 1994, a project was undertaken to
reproduce Colossus, the first digital computer,
used at Bletchly Park to break the German
Enigma codes.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/TuringBombeBletchleyPark.jpg/300px-TuringBombeBletchleyPark.jpg
The console of the Bombe. A set of
rotors acted as the rotors of an Engima machine,
turned quickly by motors to perform a logic test on
possible candidates for an encrypted character. The
Enigma would never encode a letter with the real letter,
greatly enhancing the ability to search for encoded
characters. Experts say codebreaking at Bletchley Park
shortened the war by at least two years!

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bombe-rebuild.jpg/280px-Bombe-rebuild.jpg
The back of the reproduced Bombe in the
Bletchley Park Museum. The British gave the specs
to the US Army that contracted NCR in Dayton to
build Bombes for use in American codebreaking efforts.

...in 1947, Florence Blanchfield was made a lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Army, the first woman to hold a permanent officer rank. Known as the "Little Colonel," because she was only 5' 1" tall, she had been an Army nurse since 1917 and served as superintendent of the Army Nurse Corps during WW II. The Colonel Florence A. Blanchfield Army Community Hospital in Fort Campbell, Kentucky was named for her in September, 1982.

http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/blanch.jpg
Florence Aby Blanchfield (1884-1971)
Col. Blanchfield is intered at Arlington
National Cemetery.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 39 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1861, the Confederate States of America signed a treaty with the Creek Indians, along with other Native American tribes. The Union also signed treaties with Native Americans to fight in the Civil War. The Native Americans fought on both sides with distinction, although, they did not face artillery very well.

...in 1907, a post office was established in Oldsmar, Florida. The town was a planned community designed and backed by Ransom Eli Olds, the founder of Oldsmoblie and REO Trucks. Olds was not successful and wound up selling out and losing over $3 million dollars, a massive sum of money in 1907!

http://pics2.city-data.com/city/tmap/tr3082.png
Oldsmar, Florida by satellite. The city features an
annual car show - guess what brand of auto is featured?

...in 1925, the Scopes Monkey Trial began in Dayton, Tennessee. A Tennessee law stated that it was a misdemeanor to "...teach any theory that denies the story of the Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible, and to teach instead that man has descended from a lower order of animals." Scopes had conspired with the ACLU [what a suprise :rolleyes:] to get arrested and go to trial to challenge the law. High profile lawyers, Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan, took center stage. Darrow humiliated Bryan for his fundamentalist viewpoints. Bryan died just five days after the trial ended. The guilty verdict was overturned by the Tennessee Supreme Court on a technicality and the law's constitutionality was not resolved until 1968 when the Supreme Court overturned a similar Arkansas law based on the First Amendment.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/John_t_scopes.jpg/180px-John_t_scopes.jpg
John Scopes, ca. 1925

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/54/Scopes_trial.jpg/230px-Scopes_trial.jpg
Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan
during the trial.

...in 1992, the conviction of Joseph Hazelwood was overturned by the Alaskan court of appeals. Hazelwood had been the captain of the Exxon Valdez when it ran aground and caused the largest environmental disaster in American history. The Exxon Valdez was repaired and rechristened the Sea River Mediterranean and still transports oil, but is prohibited from entering Prince William Sound. Hazelwood was convicted of negligently discharging oil. He was fined $50,000 and sentenced to 1,000 hours of community service, picking up trash on Alaska highways.

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_6RO_Sj6Lf0g/Scjwc9bDcuI/AAAAAAAABKk/YPSEzm7wlNU/s200/_1644086_hazelwood150.jpg
Joseph Hazelwood had his
conviction overturned but can't
find a job at sea. He has been a
teacher in a maritime school and
consults to a New York law firm.

...in 1940, the German Lüftwaffe began the first of many bombing raids against England, begining the Battle of Britain. The British Air Force, although badly outnumbered, had the advantage. First, because Britain had radar, making sneak attacks virtually impossible. The Spitfire could out maneuver the German ME-109, Hurricanes were equiped with a 40mm cannon and American Browning machine guns. When it was over, three and a half months later, Winston Churchill said, "Never have so many owed so much to so few."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Battle_of_britain_air_observer.jpg/300px-Battle_of_britain_air_observer.jpg
A spotter watches the skies over London for the
Luftwaffe. St. Paul's Cathedral is in the background.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 71 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In HIstory...

...in 1979, Skylab, the first American space station, crashed to earth in a spectacular firey re-entry and crashed into the Indian Ocean. There were no injuries. The last manned use of Skylab had been five years prior and the orbit simply degraded, causing the crash. Space junk crashing to earth was nothing new, part of a Soviet Sputnik survived re-entry and landed in Manitowoc, Wisconsin's 8th Street in 1964. Unlike the Russians in 1960, the Americans were able to direct Skylab into the Indian Ocean where it caused no damage.

http://www.rahrwestartmuseum.org/images/sputnik/ringinst.jpg
The bronze ring in North 8th Street where a piece of
Sputnik IV landed on September 5, 1962. The Russians
failed to fire retro rockets properly, and lost control of the
satellite in 1960. It re-entered on its own with a portion of it
landing on 8th Street. It was forgotten about (except in
Manitowoc) until the breakup and re-entry of Skylab.

...in 1916, President Woodrow Wilson signed the Federal Highway Act, providing funding to states to build and maintain roads. In 1913, the Lincoln Highway Association began to build America's first coast-to-coast paved highway, educating Americans to the need for good roads. The Federal Highway Act was not far reaching, but did pave the way (so to speak) for the good roads movement to expand. It was not until another highway act was passed in 1926 that today's familiar system of highways came to be.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Lincoln%20Highway/getimage-idxviewidLHC1941cclinchigh.jpg
Iowa Mud - the rich soil in Iowa that is great for
farming wasn't so great for motorists. The rich soil
turned into a tire-sucking gumbo when it rained.
This type of frustration led to the Good Roads Movement
that culminated in passage of the Federal Highway Act
of 1916. Highways still had a long way to go, however.
--Photo courtesy of the University of Michigan Special Collections.

...in 1804, Alexander Hamilton died at the hands of Aaron Burr in a duel. Both men were from New York, but the duel was held in Weehawkin, NJ because New Jersey did not have a law against dueling but New York did.

...in 1938, Orson Wells and John Houseman went on network radio with the Mercury Theater on the Air. The anthology provided weekly drama, and is best remembered for their presentation of The War of The Worlds at Halloween, setting off a panic as people believed it to be a true news broadcast and that the Martians were really invading Earth.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Orson_Welles_1937.jpg/220px-Orson_Welles_1937.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/John_Houseman.jpg/220px-John_Houseman.jpg
Orson Welles and John Houseman.
Houseman would go on to later fame with
Academy Award winning portrayal of a law
professor in The Paper Chase and as
voice of E.F. Hutton in a series of 1980s
television spots. He also did a cameo as a
driving instructor in The Naked Gun.

...in 1985, sanity returned to make everything right with the world. Arguably the most colossal marketing error in history was made in 1985 when Coca-Cola decided to screw with a winner and introduce "New Coke." The "Cola Wars" had pretty much shaken out all competitors except Coke and Pepsi. A lively competition between Coke and Pepsi had gone on for decades, and in an attempt to take over the market entirely, Coke officials thought they had a winner in "New Coke." They didn't. The public hated it and demanded the return of the product it loved. On July 11, Coca-Cola announced the return of "Classic Coke" and tried to keep the new formula on the market as just plain, "Coke." Officials finally quietly admitted that they had made a blunder with "New Coke."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/NewCokeCan1985.jpg/220px-NewCokeCan1985.jpg
EEEeeeeyyyyyeeeewwwwww!

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 73 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1861, Wild Bill Hickok was involved in a gunfight in Rock Creek, Nebraska where he cooly shot three men. Harper's New Monthly Magazine published a report of the gun fight, claiming he had shot nine men singlehandedly. For another 15 years, he performed actual feats of bravado, but again, the legend grew larger than the real events. Hickok was born in Homer, Illinois, where his father's farm was a stop on the underground railroad. He was a crack shot as a youth, protecting the farm from slave hunters. He was an army scout, buffalo hunter, US Marshall and he even owend a ranch in what is now Lenexa, Kansas. He was also a gambler. While serving in Jim Lane's Free State Army (a vigilante group) 18 year old Hickok befriended 12 year old William Cody and they became life-long friends. While playing poker in Deadwood, in the Black HIlls of the Dakota Territory on August 2,1876, he was shot in the head by a would-be gunfighter. He was holding a pair of aces and a pair of eights while waiting for the fifth card to be dealt. To this day, aces and eights is known as "The Dead Man's Hand." It is difficult to separate the man from the legend and the myth from the facts, but Wild Bill Hickok remains a larger than life character in American history.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Wild-Bill-Buffalo-Bill.jpg/200px-Wild-Bill-Buffalo-Bill.jpg
Wild Bill, Texas Jack Omohundro and
Buffalo Bill Cody in 1873.

...in 1957, President Dwight Eisenhower became the first President to fly in a helicopter. Igor Sikorsky made the first successful helicopter flight in 1939 but the army did not begin serious testing of helicopters until 1947. Ten years later, President Eisenhower asked the Secret Service to look into a Presidential helicopter and the idea was approved. A Bell 47-J was converted for Eisenhower's use, a newer version of the 47-G that is familiar to anyone who ever watched M*A*S*H. The helicopter was used to take Eisenhower to Camp David and to his farm that adjoins the battlefield at Gettysburg.

http://www.bell47helicopterassociation.org/bell%2047%20j2a%20la.jpg
Bell 47-J Helicopter

...in 1862, President Abraham Lincoln signed a bill to create the Congressional Medal of Honor. The law was originally designated for enlisted men during the Civil War. It was later made permanent and expanded to all ranks. The award is conferred upon those who, in combat, have risked their lives above and beyond the call of duty.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/US-MOH-1862.png/100px-US-MOH-1862.png
The 1862 version of
the Medal of Honor

...in 1984, Walter Mondale had secured the Democrat Party nomination for President, and announced on July 12 that Representative Geraldine Ferraro, of New York, would be his running mate. She held her own in a tough campaign, but the ticket lost to Ronald Reagan in an absolute landslide. Reagan had 525 of 538 possible electoral votes, the highest total in history. (The only state Mondale carried was his home state of Minnesota and even that was by a margin of only 3,800 votes.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Mondale_reagan_debate.jpg/250px-Mondale_reagan_debate.jpg
Ronald Reagan quipped during a debate, "I will
not make age an issue of this campaign. I am not
going to exploit, for political purposes, my opponent's
youth and inexperience."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 27 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Date In HIstory...

...in 1985, Princess Diana and Prince Charles opened Live Aid at Wembly Stadium in London. A Live Aid concert was also held at RFK Stadium in Washington, D.C. Live Aid was the brainchild of Bob Geldof, the muscians involved had recorded Do They Know It's Christmas and in the United States, a similar group released We Are The World written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Ritchie. All procedes from both recordings went to famine relief, and both recordings quickly went to #1 on the charts of both countries. Eventually, $127 Million was raised for famine relief.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/LiveAidlogo.jpg/230px-LiveAidlogo.jpg
Phil Collins appeared at Wembly, then took
the Concorde to New York and a helicopter to
Philadelphia to appear in both venues.

...in 1960, John F. Kennedy was nominated as the Democrat candidate for President, narrowly defeating Lyndon Johnson of Texas. The next day, Johnson was chosen to be Kennedy's running mate. In November, the Kennedy-Johnson ticket defeated Richard Nixon and Henry Cabot Lodge by the narrowest margin in history, 49.7% for Kennedy and 49.6% for Nixon. Kennedy would not live out his term, he was assasinated on November 22, 1963.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrai t.jpg/175px-John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrai t.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg/225px-37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg
John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson

...in 1995, Chrysler Corporation opened a dealership in Hanoi, Viet Nam and one week later in Ho Chi Minh City. Chysler had a long-term goal of building assembly plants in Viet Nam, as did Ford and Toyota. Chrysler anticipated selling 60,000 vehicles per year in Viet Nam. Some veterans' groups were not pleased with Chrysler's decision to open the Viet Nam market, but other groups felt it was time to move on. They viewed Chryler's operations as a way of promoting healing and a way of opening access to the country.

...in 1938, a television theater opened in Boston. About 200 people paid 25¢ to watch a 9x12 black and white screen. Development of television would stop during the war and commercial broadcasts would not become widespread until after the war. Of course, a side benefit of television development was Radar, an incredibly important tool during WW II.

...in 1930, the first World Cup Tournament was held in Montevideo, Uruguay. France defeated Mexico 4-1 and the United States defeated Belgium 3-0 in the first matches ever held simultaneously. Soccer had been dropped from the 1932 Olympics in Los Angeles, so the international sanctioning body, FIFA, helped to organize a world tournament in 1930. Uruguay had won the gold metals in the Olympics of 1924 (Paris) and 1928 (Amsterdam) was selected to host the tournament, a most unpopular decision. (It would be like the NFL having scheduled all playoff games in Dallas in the 1990's.) On July 30, 1930, Uruguay defeated Argentina as 93,000 fans watched. The World Cup is now the largest spectator event in the world.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Estadiocentenario.JPG/250px-Estadiocentenario.JPG
Estadio Centenario was the home of most of
the tournament matches.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 61 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1955, Volkswagen introduced the Karmann-Ghia in an attempt to have an upscale image car. Ford had the Thunderbird, Chevrolet had the Corvette and Chrysler had proposed several dream cars, none of which came to market. Volkswagen contracted with body builder, Karmann who, in turn, contracted with Ghia Studios. Ghia used an unused deign, probably for Chrysler or Studebaker, and converted it to fit on the VW chassis. It had sleek lines and looked sharp, but with VW's 36hp engine, it was a sheep in wolf's clothing. (Picture a Concorde with prop engines.) With a larger engine, it sold well and maintained its popularity well into the 1970's, being discontinued in 1974.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/VW_Karmann_Ghia_Typ_14_-_BJ_1967_Cabriolet_-_von_links_vorne.jpg/250px-VW_Karmann_Ghia_Typ_14_-_BJ_1967_Cabriolet_-_von_links_vorne.jpg
1967 Karmann Ghia Cabriolet

...in 1881, Henry McCarty was shot to death at the Maxwell Ranch in New Mexico by Sheriff Pat Garrett. McCarty was the most wanted man in the west, popularly known as, "Billy the Kid." On April 1, 1878, Billy the Kid shot Sheriff William Brady and a deputy in Lincoln, New Mexico as a part of the Lincoln County War. Brady had sided with ranchers opposed to Billy the Kid's employer, John Tunstall. Brady had shot and killed Tunstall, so Billy the Kid vowed to kill everyone who had been involved in the murder. At the age of 18, Billy the Kid had murdered 17 men. When captured, at his trial, the judge sentenced him to hang "...until you are dead, dead, dead." Billy replied, "You can go to hell, hell, hell." He escaped, killing two guards, but was shot to death in an ambush by Garrett in a justifiable homicide.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Billykid.jpg/225px-Billykid.jpg
This ferrotype is the only known
image of Henry McCarty
aka Billy the Kid.

...in 1882, speaking of western legends, John "Dutch" Ringo was found dead in Turkey Creek, Arizona. He was the basis of so many western characters that it's difficult to remember that he was a real person. In fact, there is little evidence that Johnny Ringo was the wild outlaw of legend, and that he might not have ever really been in a gunfight. (He did kill at least 5 unarmed men.) Ringo did manage to be around notorious criminals, starting with the James Brothers in Missouri. He liked to drink, and when in his cups, Ringo recited Shakespeare. It is reported that his wit was as quick as his gun. Although he was in Tombstone at the same time, he was not a part of the famous gunfight at the OK Corral. He did challenge Wyatt Earp to a duel, which Earp declined, and even Doc Holliday managed to get involved. (Ringo hated Holliday.) On this date, Ringo's body was found and was declared a suicide, although, two of his companions were suspected of shooting him. Later, Wyatt Earp claimed to have shot him. The reality of his death remains a mystery.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Johnny_Ringo.jpeg/200px-Johnny_Ringo.jpeg
John Peters "Dutch" Ringo

...in 1099, the first crusade captured Jurusalem from the Turks. European pilgrimages to the Holy Land had been made since the rule of Constantine, with little or no difficulty. Jerusalem had been held by Muslims since 638, but tolerant Arab rule meant the pilgrimages were virtually uninterrupted. By 1071, the Seljuk Turks had captured much of Asia Minor and in 1079, they had taken control of Jerusalem and ended all pilgrimages. The first crusade began in 1096, organized by Pope Urban II in response to a plea for help from Byzantine Emporer Alexius I. The capture of Jerusalem resulted in the establishment of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Country of Tripoli, the Principality of Antioch and the Country of Edessa. While the Crusade was part of a Christian response to Islamic conquests, it also served to reopen international trade that had been interrupted in the fall of the Roman Empire.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/1099jerusalem.jpg/300px-1099jerusalem.jpg
The capture of Jerusalem

...in 1789, French Revolutionaries attacked and took control of the Bastille. Originally built in 1370 as a fortress to protect Paris from British attack, it had become a prison for politcal prisoners, held without trial, and a symbol of the tyrany of the rule of Louis XVI and his wife, Marie Antoinette. The Bastille was also a repository for arms and ammunition, which was the real target of the crowd. (The seven people held in the prison were of no real political significance.) The revolution was a bloody decade, and in 1793, Louis and Marie had a date with Madame Guillotine. They were buried, slightly shorter than they had been in life. Today, the event is celebrated in France as Bastille Day, or "le quatorze juillet," the 14th of July.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpg/250px-Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpg
The painting Prise de la Bastille by
Jean-Pierre-Louis-Laurent Houel represents
storming the Bastille.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 83 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1971, President Richard M. Nixon announced that he would visit Communist China. It was an announcement that stunned many, as Nixon had been a staunch anti-communist since 1949. The goal was to normalize relations with China, partially to help seek peace in Viet Nam (North Viet Nam was a Chinese ally) and to help put pressure on the Soviet Union, who had recently severed ties with China. Neither worked, but it did open the door to trade with China.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Nixon_Mao_1972-02-29.png/300px-Nixon_Mao_1972-02-29.png
Mao Zedong and Richard Nixon in 1972.

...in 1992, Bill Clinton was declard the Democrat candidate for President to run against President George H.W. Bush. Clinton won the election with only 43% of the popular vote. President Bush received 37.4% and independent, Ross Perot, received 18.9% of the vote. (In 1996, President Clinton would defeat Senator Bob Dole of Kansas with 49.24% of the vote, meaning he never had a majority vote for President, one of three Presidents to never enjoy a majority vote. Fifteen Presidents have been elected with less than the majority of the popular vote, including Abraham Lincoln, Harry Truman and Richard Nixon.)

...in 1964, Senator Barry Goldwater, of Arizona, was declared the Republican candidate fro President to run against President Lyndon Johnson. The Democrats portrayed him as a warmonger, who would escalate the war in Viet Nam. The campaign used an effective television ad that had no words or voice over. It portrayed a little girl holding a flower, followed by a mushroom cloud. Johnson won the popular vote, 61% to 39%. In a twist of irony, Johnson escalated the American involvement in Viet Nam. You can see the spot here, at the LBJ Library and Museum (http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/media/daisyspot/).

...in 1606, Rembrandt van Rijn was born in Leiden, The Netherlands. His painting style reflected a depth of the human spirit and his rich colors and brush work are still much appreciated today. He work included over 600 paintings, several self portraits and portraiture. He died in 1669.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Rembrandt_van_rijn-self_portrait.jpg/180px-Rembrandt_van_rijn-self_portrait.jpg
Rembrandt van Rijn
Self-portrait ca. 1661.

...in 1806, Zebulon Pike set out from Missouri through Kansas and Nebraska to find the source of the Arkansas (pronounced "Ar-kan-sas") River and to explore the American Southwest. In his travels, he found the mountain that bears his name then headed south. He was intercepted by Spanish officials who charged him with illegal entry into New Mexico. (Sounds familiar, doesn't it?) His party was escorted to Santa Fe, to Chihuahua, up through Texas and finally to the Louisiana border. He reported back to Washington on the strength of the Spanish military in what is now the Southwest of the United States. He died in 1813 during the War of 1812.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Zebulon_Pike.jpg
Zebulon Pike, Jr.

...in 1939, Carl Fisher died in Miami at the age of 65. An extraordinary entrepreneuer, Fisher became a multi-millionaire with Prest-O-Lite Corporation, manufacturing a system that produced carbide gas on an automobile's running board to fuel headlights. In 1910, he bought land west of Indianapolis and built a 2-1/2 mile track that was paved with bricks. He offered a huge purse for a 500 mile race, and to this day, the Indianapolis 500 is the premier automobile race in the world and the track is still known as, "The Brickyard." In 1912, he proposed the building of a paved highway from coast-to-coast which became the Lincoln Highway. Later, he developed the Dixie Highway, to lead northerners to Florida, directly to his new development, Miami Beach. A bad land investment on Long Island, NY, the crash of land values in Florida in 1926 and the stock market crash of 1929 bankrupted him, and he died, essentially penniless, on this day in 1939.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Carl_G_Fisher_1909.jpg/180px-Carl_G_Fisher_1909.jpg
Carl Graham Fisher (1874-1939)
Fisher's ex-wife, Jane Fisher, was married to him
from 1909 to 1926. She wrote a biography of Fisher
called Fabulous Hoosier in which she said, "He
was all speed. I don't believe he ever thought in
terms of money. He made millions, but they were
incidental. He often said, 'I just like to see the dirt fly.'"

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

Think you know about the Presidents? Try this little quiz about the first ten Presidents and see if you're as smart as a Fourth Grader (http://www.teachervision.fen.com/us-presidency/quiz/2763.html).

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 54 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1790, Washington D.C became the official seat of the United States Government. The site chosen by congress was swamp, mosquito-infested, humid and muddy but offered access to navigable rivers. The federal District of Columbia was named after the Revolutionary War hero and first President, George Washington. The city was designed by French architect, Pierre L'Enfant. In 1793, a design was selected and construction began on the President's Mansion (later renamed The White House.) Although Washington would never live in it, he selected the design of James Hoban from nine designs submitted in a competition. Washington added some design features, including enlarging the structure and adding a large reception hall that is today is the East Room. The White House was not completed until 1800 and was partially burned by the British in the War of 1812. It was also a target of terrorists on 9/11 but it still remains the most recognizable address in the United States: 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/77/HobanWHProgressDrawing.jpg
James Hoban submitted the winning design for the "President's Mansion
from nine entries in a competition to select a design.

...in 1969, Apollo 11 was launched from Cape Canaveral in the first manned mission to the moon. Michael Collins, Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong rode the enormous Saturn V rocket to infamy. Armstrong and Aldrin would ride the lunar module, named Eagle to the moon's surface on July 20. Armstrong became the first man to set foot on the moon. When Apollo 11 successfully splashed down on July 24, the mission fulfilled the late President John F. Kennedy's goal of successfully landing a man on the moon and safely returning him home, and beating the Russians to it.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Apollo_11_Launch2.jpg/180px-Apollo_11_Launch2.jpg
T + 0:00:05 July 16, 1969
The giant Saturn V launch vehicle, carrying
Apollo 11, is on the way to the moon!

...in 1999, John F. Kennedy, Junior perished in a plane crash in the Atlantic Ocean. He was piloting a Piper Saratoga on a dark night 200 miles over the Atlantic Ocean between New Jersey and Martha's Vineyard. The wreckage was found in 116 feet of water, about 8 miles from land. The bodies of Kennedy, his wife Carolyn and her sister, Lauren Bessette were recovered by Navy divers on July 21.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/JFK_jr_under_presidents_desk.jpg/180px-JFK_jr_under_presidents_desk.jpg
One of the most famous photos of
John Kennedy, Jr. is this one, as he plays
under his father's desk in the Oval Office.

...in 1779, General Anthony Wayne earned his nickname, "Mad" Anthony Wayne for enthusiastically accepting a mission against the British that was thought to be pointless, but he pulled it off with a minimum of casualties. In 1794, he went on to win battles against Bristish-backed Indians the Northwest Territory near what is now Toledo, gaining much of the land that now comprises Ohio, Indiana and Michigan. Many cities, counties, schools and companies in the area bear his name.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8d/General_Anthony_Wayne_Statue.JPG/180px-General_Anthony_Wayne_Statue.JPG
This statue of General "Mad" Anthony Wayne
stands in Friemann Square in his namesake,
Fort Wayne, Indiana.

...in 1945, The Manhattan Project proved its worth about 60 miles from Almagordo, New Mexico, at a location known as "The Trinity Site." It was the location of the successful detonation of the first nuclear bomb in history. Plans for a uranium device began in 1939 when Italian immigrant Enrico Fermi, proposed using fissionable materials as a weapon. Albert Einstein wrote to President Roosevelt supporting the theory that an uncontrolled chain reaction would wreak immeasurable damage. With a fear that Axis powers were working on such a project, the government made a grant for reasearch. Fermi created the first controlled chain reaction at the University of Chicago in 1943. The research continued in New Mexico under Robert J. Oppenheimer, with Fermi and several other of the most brilliant minds in America. The $6,000 grant ballooned into $2 billion, an incredible amount of money in 1945. On July 16, 1945, the nuclear genie was released from the lamp and the world would never be the same.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Trinity_Gadget.png/300px-Trinity_Gadget.png
Gadget

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Trinity_explosion2.jpeg/300px-Trinity_explosion2.jpeg
At 0.016 seconds after detonation, "Gadget" released a
fireball about 600 feet wide. The black objects in the front of the
fireball are trees, providing a scale by which to judge the size
of the fireball.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 54 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...(And it has been a very busy date!)...

...in 1776, General William Howe and his brother, Admiral Richard Viscount Howe sent a letter to General George Washington, offering to open peace negotiations. The Howes had the authority to put down the rebellion, but also the authority to negotiate a peace allow the colonies to rejoin the British Empire and pardon those who had started the rebellion. The Howes preferred reunification to fighting, but Washington refused the letter. He did not open it, because it was addressed to "George Washington" leaving out his title of "General." Had the Howes used the title, it would have meant recognition of the military of the united colonies that the British did not allow to exist. The "snub" forced the Howes to attack, taking Long Island, but they allowed the colonists to escape to Manhattan. The Howes hoped their demonstration of overwhelming strength, tempered with charity, would cause the colonists to enter into peace talks. Because the British refused to recognize independence, the Patriots withdrew and the rest, as they say, is history.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/WilliamHowe1777ColorMezzotint.jpeg/225px-WilliamHowe1777ColorMezzotint.jpeg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Admiral_howe.gif
William Howe (left) and Admiral Richard Viscount Howe.
The brothers were noted for their friendliness and good will,
earning them command of the forces to be used in the colonies.
Great Britain hoped their personalities would settle the American
Revolution through peaceful means.


...in 1955, the Happiest Place on Earth opened in Anaheim, California as Walt Disney's dream, Disneyland, opened. Disney was a commercial artist from Chicago who moved to Los Angeles for the weather. A short film in 1928 called Steamboat Willy starred Mickey Mouse and the Disney empire was launched. Opening day of Disneyland was by invitation only, but thousands of counterfeit invitations were distributed and the park was overrun with uninvited guests. Food and drink ran out, rides broke down and the Mark Twain steamboat almost capsized from being overloaded. The park recovered though, and today 14 million guests visit Disneyland each year and the park grosses $3 billion per year.

http://www.disneydreamer.com/history/images/waltopening.jpg
"To all who come to this happy place - welcome. Disneyland is your land. Here age relives fond memories of the past and here youth may savor the challenge and promise of the future. Disneyland is dedicated to the ideals, the dreams, and the hard facts that have created America ... with the hope that it will be a source of joy and inspiration to all the world. Thank you."
—Walter E. Disney, July 17, 1955

...in 1938, Douglas Corrigan took off from New York to fly to the west coast. Where he wound up was not what anyone, except Corrigan, expected. He was a mechanic for Charles A. Lindbergh on the Spirit of St. Louis, but Corrigan wanted to have a larger piece of history. He bought a 1929 Curtiss Robin aircraft from the junkyard and restored it. He also modified it for long distance flight and flew from California to New York non stop. That was nothing new by any means, in fact, the press was amazed that his old jalopy made it. He filed a flight plan for Europe, and was denied because it was deemed suicide. He modified his flight plan to return to California, took off, banked 180º and disappeared into a cloud bank. 28 hours later, he touched down in Dublin, Ireland, jumped out and said, "Where am I?" Corrigan became a celebrity and another term, "Wrong Way Corrigan" found its way into the American lexicon.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/eb/Wrong_Way_Corrigan.jpg/150px-Wrong_Way_Corrigan.jpg
The New York Post acknowledges the
feat of Douglas Corrigan. Corrigan never
publicly admitted that his destination had
always been Ireland.

...in 1941, a message containing British military information was transmitted from England to Germany, sent by Spaniard Juan Pujol Garcia under the codename, "Garbo." His spy ring was international, with a Dutch airline steward, a censor from the British Ministry of Information, an American GI stationed in England, a Cabinet office clerk and a Welch fascist. The Germans knew him as "Arabel" while the English knew him as Garbo. Oh, the British knew all about Garbo - he was a double agent and his ring was fictional. The Germans trusted him, though, and the distribution of disinformation was an integral part of the British war effort. Hitler awarded him the Iron Cross for his efforts! Garbo's most important disinformation came in June 1944, when he convinced Hitler that the invasion of Normandy was a diversionary tactic, designed to draw defensive forces away from the primary objective. Hitler bought it hook, line and sinker because it confirmed what German strategists already believed. Of course, it was the main invasion force and by the time the Wermacht figured it out, the Allies were well entrenched on the beaches.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Joan_pujol_garcia.jpg
"Garbo"
Juan Pujol Garcia

...also in 1941, Joe DeMaggio failed to get a hit against the Cleveland Indians, bringing his hitting streak to an end at 56 games. DiMaggio hit .408 during his streak (91 for 223), with 15 home runs and 55 RBI. It is a feat that may never be equaled. The most recent threat to the record was Paul Molitor who had a streak of 39 games when playing for the Milwaukee Brewers in 1987. More recently, Jimmy Rollins of the Phillies had two streaks of 38 and 36 games in 2005 and 2006.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/DiMaggio_cropped.jpg/200px-DiMaggio_cropped.jpg
"Joltin' Joe" DiMaggio

...in 1996, TWA Flight 800 exploded over the Atlantic Ocean, killing all 230 people on board. Suspicions of terrorism were immediate reactions but no terrorist group claimed the deed. There were unsubstantiated reports of a missile having been seen launched from Long Island, but that was never proven. The wreckage was retrieved from the ocean floor and reassembled in a secure hanger and in 1998, mechanical failure was deemed to be the cause of the explosion.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/TWA800reconstruction.jpg/260px-TWA800reconstruction.jpg
Investigation of the wreckage showed no
evidence of a terrorist act, nor has any
terrorist organization ever claimed responsibility
for the crash.

...in 1945, the Pottsdam Conference convened with President Harry Truman, Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in attendance to determine control of postwar Germany and Europe as well as to discuss the ongoing Pacific war with Japan. The conference was shadowed by mistrust and each power more concerned with its own interests than the future of Europe. The British electorate ousted Chruchill's Conservative Party and the Labour Party's Clement Attlee was now the Prime Minister. Churchill returned to Britain and with him gone from the conference, the Iron Curtain began to close upon Eastern Europe and the Cold War began.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Potsdam_conference_1945-8.jpg/250px-Potsdam_conference_1945-8.jpg
The Big Three - Clement Attlee, Harry Truman and Joseph Stalin

...in 1913, the very first film pie-in-the-face occurred in the film A Noise From The Deep when Mabel Normand clobbered Fatty Arbuckle and a Hollywood food staple was born.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.Morning Update, July 17, 2009

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 63 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 64,two thirds of the city of Rome was destroyed by fire. Emporer Nero rebuilt the city, but conspiracy theorists claimed Nero ordered the fire so he could rebuild Rome to his design. To this day, the phrase "Fiddling while Rome burns" is a part of the lexicon. Actually, Nero was away when the fire began and he placed blame on the Christian religious "cult" and became the first emporer to persecute Christians as scapegoats.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Great_Fire_of_Rome.jpg
The Great Fire of Rome

...in 1792, John Paul Jones died in his apartment in Paris, awaiting an appointment to the United States consul in Algiers. Jones was the naval hero of the Revolutionary War, having made many successful and daring raids on British military holdings. While in command of the USS Bonhomme Richard (named for Benjamin Franklin's alter ego) in a battle with the HMS Serapis, the Richard was struck and taking on water. The captain of the Serapis offered quarter to Jones who replied, "Sir, I have not yet begun to fight!" A few hours later, the captain of the Serapis surrendered and Jones took command of the ship. He is revered as one of the greatest naval commanders in history and is the father of the American Navy. He is buried in the Naval Acadamy Chapel at Annapolis, where a Marine honor guard stands over his tomb.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Fourth_grade_hero.jpg/200px-Fourth_grade_hero.jpg
John Paul Jones Memorial
Washington, D.C.

...in 1925, the first volume of Adolph Hitler's manifesto, Mein Kampf ("My Struggle") was published, outlining his plan for the Third Reich and the nightmare that would haunt Europe and the world. It sold a whopping 9,473 copies in its first year but became a best seller after Hitler took command of Germany in 1933.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5e/Ac.meinkampf.jpg
Yawn. Hitler wanted to call this diatribe
Viereinhalb Jahre (des Kampfes) gegen
Lüge, Dummheit und Feigheit which loosely
translates to Four and a Half Years of Fighting
Against Lies, Stupidity and Cowardice, but his
publisher suggested the much more compact
Mein Kampf. Perhaps, if more people had
read it and realized what was in store, he might
never have come to power.

...in 1940, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt was nominated for an unprecedented third term. Roosevelt took some heat because of the unwritten rule of Presidents only serving two terms, dating back to Washington who only served two terms. At first, FDR said he would not seek a third term but as Germany started to sweep across Europe, he decided that only he could safely lead the American people through the Nazi threat. He went on to be elected to a fourth term and died in office, on April 12, 1945 with Vice President Harry Truman taking over. the 22nd Amendment to the Constitution was passed on March 21, 1947 (and ratified in 1951) that limits a President to only being elected to two terms.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/ElectoralCollege1940.svg/395px-ElectoralCollege1940.svg.png
Although Wendall Wilke made a strong showing and carried nine
states in his native midwest, FDR still won the 1940 election by a
comfortable margin. This election prompted drafting of the 22nd Amendment
to the Constitution, prohibting a third term as president. The first POTUS to
fall under that provision was President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1960.

...in 1984, 21 people were shot and killed, and 19 more wounded in a San Ysidro, California McDonald's. James Oliver Huberty, armed with several automatic weapons, ordered the patrons to the floor then calmly walked around, shooting people at random. Police heard so many shots that they were convinced there were several shooters. An employee managed to escape, told police there was only one shooter, and a sniper killed him with one shot, making him the 22nd victim. Huberty had a reputation of being very angry. He was a survivor of Polio at the age of three that left him with a limp. He was an undertaker in Masillon, Ohio but when his home burned, he moved his family to Canton and became a welder with Union Metal Company. A motorcycle accident left him with nerve damage in his right arm, ending his career as a welder. He relocated his family to San Ysidro and took a job as a security guard. He was fired from the job two weeks before the shooting.

http://img.groundspeak.com/waymarking/display/c69da153-cd49-4163-9ef2-78b6f5470190.jpg
McDonald's tore down the restaurant and
gave the land to the city. The city, in turn, built
this memorial to the victims. It consists of 21
blocks of granite of varying sizes. Each year, on
this date, the memorial is covered with candles and
flowers.

...in 1999, David Cone pitched a perfect game for the New York Yankees against the Montreal Expos. He faced the minimum 27 batters and retired them all with no hits and no walks, made even more amazing because of a 33 minute rain delay in the fourth inning! It was the 16th perfect game in history and the second in interleague play. Don Larsen threw a perfect game, to Yogi Berra, against the Brooklyn Dodgers in the 1956 World Series. In a moment of irony that sounds like something from a Hollywood script, before the 1999 game, Larson threw the "first pitch" to Yogi Berra to commemorate the his perfect game from 43 years earlier. Cone promptly went out and equalled Larson's feat. As Yogi might said, "It was deja vu all over again."

http://www.nypost.com/seven/01282008/photos/cone.jpg
David Cone threw a perfect game on this date
in 1999. Today, he is a color commentator for the
New York Yankess YES broadcast network.

...in 1969, Senator Ted Kennedy left a party on Chappaquiddick Island in an Oldsmobile station wagon. With him was 28 year old Mary Jo Kopechne. Kennedy had continued the family's politcal ambitions and, following the death of his older brother, Bobby, Kennedy appeared to be a front runner for the 1972 nomination. However, he drove the Oldsmobile into Poucha Pond where he escaped from the car. Kopechne did not. Kennedy swam to Edgartown, where he went into his room at the Shiretown Inn and changed clothes. At 2:25 AM, he stepped out of his room and told the innkeeper he had been awakened by noise. Was he trying to establish an alibi? He finally reported the incident to the Edgartown Police at 9:45 AM, 10 hours after driving off the bridge. (Critics point out that 10 hours is sufficient time for alcohol to have cleared his system.) There is speculation that he used his family's influence to avoid more serious charges. The incident ruined his chances at the Presidency but he continues to be re-elected as a Senator from Massachusetts. Mary Jo Kopechne was unavailable for comment.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/54/Mary_Jo_Kopechne.jpg/145px-Mary_Jo_Kopechne.jpg
Mary Jo Kopechne (1940-1969)

That's it.That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 50 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1799, the Rosetta Stone was found by Captain Pierre-François Bouchard, a French Army engineer in Napolean Bonaparte's army. The stone was located near the Egyptian town of Rosetta and so stunned the army that is simply halted itself and grounded arms. The stone contained fragments of text in three languages, Egyptian hieroglyphics, Egyptian demotic and Greek. Bonaparte took the stone back to France and when the British defeated Bonaparte in 1801, the stone went to the British Museum, where it still resides. The Greek passage said all three texts held the same message and Egyptolgist, Jean-Francois Champollion cracked the cyper and ancient Egypt came to life. (The text on the stone is a proclamation from Ptolemy V, decribing the repealing of certain temple taxes and directions for the installation of statues. It is thought that other copies of the decree must exist, but have never been found. The Egyptian government would like it to be returned, but so far, all they have received is a replica.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Rosetta_Stone.JPG/512px-Rosetta_Stone.JPG
The Rosetta stone is on display at
the British Museum and has been since
1802. For a brief period during WWI, it
was housed in a subway station and
also spent time on display at the Louvre.

...in 1943, the US Army Air Corps bombed rail yards in Rome. Benito Mussolini had promised his people that the Allies would never bomb the Holy City, and thousands of Italians had flooded the city, hoping for safety. The bombing accomplished more than damaging the Italian railways, it shook confidence in Il Duce, as it was hoped to do. Hitler tried desperately to hold Mussolini and Italy but Il Duce knew Italy was thoroughly defeated. One week later, events would take a startling turn. The decision to bomb Rome was a controversial one, however, British public opinion was all in favor of it because of Italian participation in The Blitz, the Axis bombing of London.

...in 1934, a patent for retractable headlights was filed by Harold T. Ames, paving the way for Gordon Buehrig to design the famous 1937 Cord 810, called "...the one most beautiful automoblile ever built." It was the last offering of the Cord, Auburn, Duesenburg company, it failed as a result of the depression. Unsold 1937 810's were rebadged as 1938 812's but doom for the company was on the horizon. Today, the Cord Auburn Duesenberg showroom has been restored and is a museum in Auburn, Indiana.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Cord-1.jpg/800px-Cord-1.jpg

...in 1935, the scourge of drivers everywhere was introduced in Oklahoma City - the parking meter.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b5/Parking_meter%2C1940.jpg_.jpg/180px-Parking_meter%2C1940.jpg_.jpg
If each parking meter in the US
collected just one quarter each day,
$1.25 million would be collected daily!

...in 1879, the first man to die at the hands of Doc Holliday fell in the streets of Las Vegas, New Mexico. Mike Gordon had tried to get one of the dancers in Holliday's saloon to run off with him, she refused his advances. He went into the street and started shooting randomly into the saloon. Holliday stepped outside and dropped him with one shot. Despite his reputation, Holliday was quick on the draw but not an accurate shooter. In most of his recorded gunfights, he missed his target and in one case, hit the hand and toe of two innocent bystanders. He actually only killed two men in his lifetime, Mike Gordon, and Tom McLaury in the gunfight at the OK Corral. He died of tuberculosis in 1887, a peaceful end to a violent life. His last words marked the irony, "This is funny."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a7/Doc_HollidayatAge20.jpg
Dr. John Henry Holliday's graduation,
Phildelphia School of Dentistry, 1872.
"Doc" is 20 years old in this photo.

...in 1553, Lady Jane Grey was deposed from the throne of England in favor of her cousin, Mary, a Catholic. Lady Jane was a Protestant, the great-granddaughter of Henry VII and cousin of King Edward VI and, in fact, was almost married to him. When Edward died, she reluctantly ascended to the throne as Queen, over her cousin, Mary, who was actually the rightful heir. Lady Jane was deposed nine days later, inprisoned as a traitor, and was beheaded on February 12, 1554.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Streathamladyjayne.jpg/210px-Streathamladyjayne.jpg
Lady Jane holds the record for the
shortest reign in British history.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 58 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1969, the phrase, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind," was heard around the world. The phrase was uttered by Neil Armstrong, speaking to the world from the surface of the moon, after taking his first step to the lunar surface from the Apollo 11 lunar landing module, Eagle. (His other famous line came upon setdown of the LM when he reported, "Houston, Tranquility Base here. The Eagle has landed.") The landing was the realization of a dream made by President John F. Kennedy in 1961, to send a man to the moon and return him safely to Earth. The Apollo program had faced a serious setback on January 27, 1967 when the crew of Apollo 1, Lt. Colonel Virgil Ivan “Gus” Grissom, Lt. Colonel Edward Higgins White, and Lt. Commander Roger Bruce Chaffee perished in a capsule fire on the launch pad. Armstrong left a memorial to the Apollo 1 crew on the moon.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Apollo_11.jpg/200px-Apollo_11.jpg
The crew of Apollo 11 (L to R)
Neal Armstrong, Michael Collins, Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Apollo_11_first_step.jpg
"That's one small step for (a) man,
one giant leap for mankind."

...in 1977, Johnstown, Pennsylvania was devastated by a flash flood when dams in the Conemaugh Valley failed, killing 84 people. Johnstown had been hit by a nearly identical flood on May 31, 1889 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-may-31-2009-a-52902/) that killed more than 2,000 people. The dam failures came as a shock as an entire system had been designed to avoid this very situation. All the dams had recently been inspected and found to be safe. They were no match to the 12 inches of rain that fell in 10 hours, though, releasing over 130 million gallons of water over the valley.

http://www.jaha.org/FloodMuseum/77floodcars.jpg
Photo by Merle Agnello of the Tribune-Democrat.

...in 1881, Chief Sitting Bull finally surrendered to the U.S. Army, five years after Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull's followers defeated General George Custer at the Little Bighorn River. The band escaped to Canada, but in 1881, he led his starving people back to the United States to surrender. He was released to the Standing Rock reservation after two years captivity. Sitting Bull traveled with Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show in 1885 and died in 1890 in obscure circumstances. He is buried in Mobridge, South Dakota where his grave is marked with a monument.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sitting_bull_and_buffalo_bill_c1885.jpg/424px-Sitting_bull_and_buffalo_bill_c1885.jpg
Chief Sitting Bull and Buffalo Bill Cody

...in 1944, a briefcase bomb was detonated in Hitler's bunker. He was wounded, but not killed and even met with Il Duce, Benito Mussolini that afternoon. The conspirators were captured and executed. Hitler saw his escape as Divine Providence and confirmation of his dark plan. (The attempted coup was the plot of a 2008 film entitled Valkyrie named after a military plan that was already in place should anything ever happen to Hitler. The film opened to mixed reviews and has not been well received in Germany. Tom Cruise is viewed with some skepticism there because of his membership in the church of Scientology, which many Germans view as a cult.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1972-025-10%2C_Hitler-Attentat%2C_20._Juli_1944.jpg/325px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1972-025-10%2C_Hitler-Attentat%2C_20._Juli_1944.jpg
Hitler survived the blast, although, the conference
room certainly didn't. Three staffers and a stenographer
were seriously injured and later died. Hitler's pants were
blown off (for real!) but he was otherwise unharmed.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 61 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1899, Ernest Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois. The Pulitzer Prize winning author was known for understatement and economy of words. It is said that if asked, "Why did the chicken cross the road?" Hemingway would answer, "To die. Alone. In the rain." His style and work greatly influenced 20th Century American literature.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Hemingway_1953_Kenia.jpg/180px-Hemingway_1953_Kenia.jpg
Ernest Hemingway, at work writing
in Kenya, 1953

...in 365, an earthquake off the coast of Greece caused a tsunami that crossed the Mediterranean Sea and wiped out the city of Alexandria, Egypt. The wall of water sucked the water away from the city, causing ships in the harbor to be overturned on dry land. Within minutes, the tsunami struck, carrying the ships over the sea wall and landing them on top of buildings. 5,000 people perished and 50,000 homes were destroyed. The sea coast was changed in shape, and in 1995, archaeologists discovered the ruins of the original city off the coast of modern Alexandria.

http://www.egyptologyonline.com/500x166%20alexandria%20underwater.jpg
Finds in the underwater search include a head of granite, thought to be Caesarion, son of
Cleopatra nd Julius Caesar, a sphinx, and a marble head thought to be Antonia Minor,
daughter of Marc Anthony and Octavia.

...in 1955, at the Geneva summit attended by France, Great Britain, Soviet Union and the United States, President Eisenhower proposed the "Open Skies" policy, knowing it would never be accepted. In his proposal, he called for the two Superpowers to provide maps of military installations, allowing flyovers by each air force, to verify that each was living up to terms of arms control agreeements. Premier Krushchev called it an espionage plot, but he did not want the United States to learn just how far behind the Soviet military was to the Americans. Shortly thereafter, Eisenhower authorized CIA use of the U-2 spy plane and the information was readily available, anyway. The "Open Skies" policy, 30 years later, was the basis of Ronald Reagan's famous quote, "Trust, but verify."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Usaf.u2.750pix.jpg/300px-Usaf.u2.750pix.jpg
"Trust, but verify." --Ronald Reagan. The U-2 began
regular missions over the Soviet Union during the
Eisenhower Administration to keep track of Soviet
missile and military development.

...in 2005, an attempted terrorist bombing in London was foiled, exactly two weeks after an attack had killed 56 people, including the bombers. In this attempt, failed bombs were found in three Underground stations and one bus.

...in 1861, the first Battle of Bull Run was fought near the Virginia railroad junction at Manassas. 34,000 Union troops under the command of Gen. Irvin McDowell crossed the Bull Run to face 29,000 troops under the command of Gen. Pierre Beauregard. Beauregard led the advancing Union troops into a trap, where Gen. Thomas J. Jackson fired artillery to repulse the Union troops, earning his nickname, "Stonewall." When the Union army retreated to Washington, they had suffered 3,000 casualties while the Confederates had 2,000 casualties. The bloodshed shocked spectators and Union leaders back in Washington, an indication that this was more than a "Southern insurrection." (The second Battle of Bull Run would be fought in August, 1862.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/ManassasStoneHouse.jpg/220px-ManassasStoneHouse.jpg
This stone house served as a hospital at both
battles in 1861 and 1862, once for the north and
once for the south. There are bullets in the walls,
but it's been found they were added by post-war
owners. The house is a part of the Manassas National
Battlefield Park.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 72 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1934, John Dillinger, Public Enemy #1, was gunned down in Chicago. His fast and infamous career as a bankrobber started as a child. He was born in Indianapolis, became a juvenile delinquent and in 1924, at the age of 21, was sentenced to 10-20 years for a mugging that went bad. In prison, he met up with Harry Pierpont, a notorious bank robber, and Dillinger learned the trade from Pierpont. Dillinger was paroled in 1933 and met up with Pierpont's accomplices, and set off on a bank robbing spree. He was know as athletic and a sharp dresser. In April, 1934, Dillinger was holed up at Little Bohemia, a resort in Manitowish Waters, Wisconsin. He was surrounded by the FBI who botched the ambush. Three citizens were shot and killed by the FBI, Baby Face Nelson shot and killed one agent, wounded another and critically wounded an officer. The entire gang escaped unscathed. On July 22, Anna Sage was facing deportation, and in order to gain leniency in her deportation case, she agreed to set up Dillinger by wearing an orange dress. Her dress looked red under the marquis of the Biograph Theater, and she became known as the lady in red. Dillinger was shot and killed, and Sage was deported, anyway.

http://www.cityofchicago.org/Landmarks/images/landmarks/b/biograph2a.jpg
The Biograph in 1934, shortly after
the FBI ambush of John Dillinger.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/86/Biograph_Theater_redressed_for_movie.jpg/200px-Biograph_Theater_redressed_for_movie.jpg
In 2008, the Biograph Theater and adjoining businesses were "made up" to
appear as they did in 1934 for the shooting of the movie Public Enemies with
Johnny Depp.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2a/BiographTheater.jpg/250px-BiographTheater.jpg
The Biograph Theater today, which has been
converted to a live-play theater.

...in 2003, July 22 continued to be a bad day for bad men, as Qusay and Uday Hussein were killed in a firefight with US troops near Mosul. They were believed to be more ruthless and cruel than their father, Saddam, and their deaths were celebrated by many Iraqis.

...in 1991, continuing the theme of the 22nd being a bad day for bad men, Jeffrey Dahmer was captured in Milwaukee and the grisly contents of his apartment were soon found. 11 victims were found in his apartment, but he ultimately confessed to 17 murders going back to 1978. While there is no death penalty in Wisconsin, Dahmer died in prison in 1994 at the hands of another prisoner.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/weird_stuff/dahmer.jpg
You don't want to know what's in that barrel.

...in 1908, as long as we're talking about bodies, on a happier note, the Fisher Body Company was established to build carriage and automobile bodies. By 1910, Fisher was supplying bodies to GM as well as other manufacturers, but in 1919, GM purchased controlling interest, although the Fisher family continued to manage the operation. In 1924, GM completed the merger and changed the name to Fisher Body Division, but the Fisher brothers remained on the board until 1944.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Fisher_Body_plant_21_-_Detroit_Michigan.jpg/180px-Fisher_Body_plant_21_-_Detroit_Michigan.jpg
Fisher Plant 21 on Piquette and St. Antoine in
Detroit was an Albert Kahn design for a modern plant
in 1919. Fisher Body was dissolved into other divisions of
General Motors in 1984. Plant 21 is now a part of the
Piquette Avenue Industrial Historic District of Detroit.

...in 1940, it should come as no surprise, Suspense made its debut on CBS radio, the first installment directed by Alfred Hitchcock. It drew top stars, top ratings, and a Peabody Award in 1947. At least, unlike our other stories today, it was fiction.

...in 1862, President Abraham Lincoln informed his cabinet that he was ready to issue a proclamation to free the slaves, but he would wait until a significant Union victory. The proclamation was made on September 21, after a victory at Antietam, with the release to go into effect on January 1, 1863.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Emancipation_proclamation.jpg/300px-Emancipation_proclamation.jpg
Lincon met with his cabinet on this date in 1862
to read the first draft of the Emancipation Proclamation.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 60 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1984, Vanessa Williams resigned her title as Miss America. On this date, Penthouse magazine published nude photos of her, making the September issue of the magazine the best selling issue ever. On September 17, 1983, Williams became the first American of African descent to win the title but when Penthouse magazine announced it was going to publish nude photos of Williams, she stepped down and went on to a successful career in show business. At the time, she said the episode was devastating, buy publisher, Bob Guccione, said it would make her the most famous Miss America that ever lived. (He might have been right - here it is 25 years later and we're still talking about her.)

http://www.syr.edu/images/vanessa.jpg
Vanessa Lynn Williams won the Miss America
crown on September 17, 1983 but resigned the
crown on this date in 1984.

...in 1878, a Wells Fargo stage was held up in California. The bandit wore a flour sack over his head (they were cloth in those days) and made off with the strong box, and both a diamond and a watch taken from passengers. When the box was found, all that was left was a poem, signed by Black Bart. Like all crooks, he eventually made a mistake, leaving behind an monogramed handkerchief. Pinkerton detectives traced it back to Charles Bolton, an elderly gentleman in San Francisco. He served a short prison sentence and lived the rest of his life in Nevada.

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WWboltonW.jpg
Charles Bolton, aka Black Bart

...in 1885, former President, Ulysses S. Grant passed away from throat cancer. The hard drinking and cigar smoking former general was elected to a rather unremarkable two terms as President. Critics referred to him as Useless S. Grant, but he did pass legislation that (temporarily) stopped the Ku Klux Klan and the Civil Rights Act of 1875, which desegregated public facilities.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ulysses_Grant_1870-1880.jpg/225px-Ulysses_Grant_1870-1880.jpg
Ulysses S. Grant (1822-1885)
Born in Point Pleasant, Ohio and died in
Mount McGregor, New York. He was
also the answer to the famous Groucho Marx
trivia question, "Who's buried in Grant's Tomb?"

...in 1903, the first Ford was delivered to Dr. Ernst Pfenning in Chicago. Called the Model A, the runabout was Henry's third attempt at a product to use as the basis of starting an automobile company. His backers included several partners like Alexander Malcomson, a coal magnate, and brothers John & Horace Dodge, who owned a machine shop that supplied drive line parts to Ford and Ransom E. Olds. The first Ford company had gone bankrupt and the second attempt, the Henry Ford Company, never shipped a vehicle until Ford himself was fired and the company was renamed, "Cadillac." Ford Motor Company was reasonably successful until 1908, when the Model T was released, and Ford Motor Company rapidly took 60% of the American car market.

http://www.anythingaboutcars.com/images/1903_Ford_A_Runabout.jpg
This little red Model A started it all.

...in 1976, the Bellevue-Stratford Hotel in Philadelphia was the host of a four-day gathering of members of the American Legion. Several days after the conference, 22 people were dead and hundreds were sick with an illness that resembled pneumonia. It took Joseph McDade, a microbiologist with the CDC to identify the microbe that caused the illness, which became known as Legionnaire's Disease. The bacteria thrive in water, as found in air conditioning systems or pipes. It can be treated with anti-biotics, if properly diagnosed.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Legionella_Plate_01.png/240px-Legionella_Plate_01.png
Legionella, the bacterium that
causes Legionnaire's Disease

...in 1996, the U.S. Women's gymnastics team won the Gold Medal at the Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. It was the first time the women had won the team gold medal. The medal was in doubt until Kerri Strug made a near-perfect vault, landing on an injured ankle, assuring a gold medal for the American women's team.

http://z.about.com/d/gymnastics/1/7/W/7/-/-/KerriStrug96OlyTonyDuffyAllsportGETTY358325.jpg
"It's important to push yourself further than you
think you can go each and every day -- as that is
what separates the good from the great." -Kerri Strug

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

(The update thread in the Lounge was given the wrong date. You can see the thread here: Morning Update, July 23, 2009 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-july-13-2009-a-54229/).

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 48 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this day in History...

...in 1915, the steamship Eastland capsized in the Chicago River, at the dock between LaSalle and Clark Streets. Originally designed to hold 650 passengers, it was increased in size to hold 2,500 people. After the sinking of the Titanic, new maritime laws required more lifeboats. Ironically, the law may have caused the disaster, as the ship became top heavy with the extra weight of the new lifeboats. Engineers warned that the Eastland was a disaster waiting to happen, and on this day, it did. The ship rolled over, trapping passengers below deck. More than 800 souls perished, and many of the bodies were taken to the Second Regiment Armory. Today, the armory is the home of Harpo Studios and The Oprah Winfrey Show. Staff members claim the studio is haunted by ghosts of the shipwreck, where 22 entire families died.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/EastlandKenosha.jpg
The tugboat Kenosha allowed passengers, stranded on
the hull of the Eastland to evacuate the capsized ship. 841
people perished in the disaster.

...in 1847, Brigham Young lead 148 Mormons to Utah's Valley of the Great Salt Lake and pronounced, "This is the place." Preparations began for the thousands of Mormons who would follow in the great migration from the east. The move followed the murder of the founder of Mormon, Joseph Smith and his brother, Hyrum in Carthage, Illinois. Much tension between the church and federal government followed over the practice of polygamy, prohibited by federal law. In 1890, the church renounced polygamy and Utah entered the union as the 45th state in 1896.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Brigham-young.jpg/200px-Brigham-young.jpg
Brigham Young (1801-1877)

...in 1969, the goal of President John F. Kennedy was fulfilled as Apollo 11 safely splashed down in the Pacific Ocean. Kennedy addressed a joint session of Congress on May 25, 1961, and said, "I believe this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to Earth." Five more missions would go to the moon and one unplanned fly-by was made by the famous mission of Apollo 13. The last mission left the surface of the moon on December 14, 1972 and no one has ever returned.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Apollo_11_crew_in_quarantine.jpg/180px-Apollo_11_crew_in_quarantine.jpg
The crew of Apollo 11 was kept in
quarantine after returning to Earth. They
were visited by President Richard M. Nixon
on board the USS Hornet and remained in
quarantine for nearly three weeks, in accordance
with the Extra-Terrestrial Exposure Law.

...in 1911, the lost city of Machu Picchu was located by Hiram Bingham, an American archaeologist. The city was never really lost, it was always known by local peasants but kept secret for generations. It is believed to have been a Summer retreat for leaders of the Inca, a civilization wiped out by the Spanish in the 16th Century. More than 300,000 people per year visit the impressive site, over 5 miles long and with over 3,000 steps that reach various levels of the impressively engineered construction. There is much mystery surrounding the city that may never be solved.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Machupicchu_hb10.jpg/350px-Machupicchu_hb10.jpg
Machu Picchu was located in 1911. It was untouched by the
Spanish conquistadors, making it an important cultural site as
well as a significant religious site.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 50 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1978, Louise Joy Brown was born in Manchester, England. She was the first baby to be conceived via invitro fertilization. Today, such "test-tube baby" births are common. Her sister, Natalie, was also conceived via IVF and was the first IVF baby to conceive natually in 1999. Louise gave birth to a naturally conceived baby in 2006.

http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/44831000/jpg/_44831833_lou_brown_512.jpg
Louise Joy Brown on her 30th Birthday.

...in 1832, the first railroad accident was reported near Quincy, Massachusetts with one death and several serious injuries, when passengers were thrown from the train over an embankment more than 30 feet in depth. Considered to be the first railroad in the United States, the Granite Railroad began service in 1828 with horse-drawn cars, to pull granite from the quarry to Bunker Hill. A cable pulled cars up a steep incline. Steam was added in 1831 and in 1832, well, accidents were inevitable.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/da/Granite_Railway_in_Milton%2C_Massachusetts.jpg/200px-Granite_Railway_in_Milton%2C_Massachusetts.jpg
Circa 1840 photograph of the Granite Railway. Considered to be
one of the first railroads in the United States, it was built to haul granite
from a quarry to Bunker Hill for construction of the monument.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Granite_Railway_-_General_view_of_incline_to_Quarry_from_Northwest. jpg/200px-Granite_Railway_-_General_view_of_incline_to_Quarry_from_Northwest. jpg
The Incline Section of the Granite
Railway, ca. 1934. The incline section
was the location of the first fatal rail
accident in the United States.

...in 1943, Il Duce, Benito Mussolini, was relieved of power by his own Grand Council and immediately arrested. (We told you there was a surprise a week later!) The toughest problem faced by the Grand Council was whether or not to surrender to the Allies or continue fighting alongside Germany.

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WWmussolinP2.JPG

...in 1853, the head of Joaquin Murieta was placed on display in Stockton, California. His notorious lieutenant, Three Fingered Jack, was also killed and his severed hand was also on display. Murieta was portrayed as a Robin Hood type of character, and whether he was a vicious criminal or misunderstood leader was dependent on the writer of the story. There is some speculation that Murieta may have inspired the Zorro stories, in fact, he was portrayed as Zorro's brother in the 1997 film, The Mask of Zorro. No one knows for sure, except that Zorro himself is a work of fiction.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/JoaquinTheMountainRobber.jpg/300px-JoaquinTheMountainRobber.jpg
Joaquin Murieta, aka
Joaquin the Mountain Robber

...in 1894, Walter Brennan was born. The former Vaudvillian went to Hollywood after WW I and he is best remembered for his characters that walked with a limp and cackled when they laughed. His vocal cords were damaged by poison gas in the war, resutling in the high pitched voice that gave him roles of characters much older than his real years. Three such notable characters are also his most memorable, Stumpy in Rio Bravo, Eddie in To Have and Have Not, and as Grandpappy Amos McCoy in the tv series, The Real McCoys. Most fans are not aware that Brennan was the first and only actor to win three acadamy awards for Best Supporting Actor including the first one in 1936, also in 1938 and 1940.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/MV5BMTIxMjU0NzcyNV5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTY.jpg
"Wuz you ever bit by a dead bee?" One of Brennan's most
memorable roles was that of Eddie in the Bogart-Bacall
film To Have and Have Not. The script was written by
William Faulkner from an Ernest Hemingway novel.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 56 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1942, Gene Autry took the oath of the Army Air Corps during the live broadcast of his radio show, Gene Autry's Melody Ranch. Autry worked as a railroad telegrapher while in high school, and during the times when nothing was coming across the wires, he practiced on his guitar and sang. A traveler passing though suggested he had a future in show business as a singer. Since Will Rogers probably knew what he was talking about, Autry found popularity on a regular radio station as "Oklahoma's Yodeling Cowboy." He went on to a successful career in records (Rudolph, The Red-Nosed Reindeer, Frosty the Snowman) movies, radio and television. He also owned hotels, gas stations and the California Angels. He was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1969 and he died in 1998.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/020903-o-9999b-048.jpg/300px-020903-o-9999b-048.jpg
Gene Autry is best remembered as the first singing cowboy, the owner
of the California Angels and singer of Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer.
Little known is that Autry flew C-47s on dangerous missions over the
Himalayas ("The Hump") between Burma and China in WWII.

...in 1908, Attorney General Charles Bonaparte ordered new federal investigators to report to the Department of Justice. One year later, the group was renamed the Bureau of Investigation and in 1935, became the Federal Bureau of Investigation. July 26 is recognized as the birthdate of the FBI. (Yes, he was as a matter of fact. Charles Bonaparte was the grand-nephew of Napoleon.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/CJBonaparte.jpg/225px-CJBonaparte.jpg
Charles Joseph Bonaparte (1851-1921)
He is recognized as the founder of the
Federal Bureau of Investigation.

...in 1984, Ed Gein died of heart failure, in a Wisconsin state mental hospital, a lifetime guest of the department of corrections. He is often credited as being America's first serial killer, when in fact, he was more of a grave robber than murderer. Only two murders were successfully linked to him. While he might not have been a serial killer, Gein was a grave robber and did some pretty disgusting things with the corpses. He claimed he never had sex with the bodies. "They smelled too bad," he said. As for the rest of it, the least we can tell you is that he made lampshades. Use your imagination. The rest of his activities are just too disgusting for a family website.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/44/Edgein.jpg

Gein is credited with being the first serial killer, although, no one really knows how many people he might have killed. Only two murders have every actually been attributed to him. His brother died under mysterious circumstances but foul play was never proven nor were charges ever made. He was implicated in the disappearance of Mary Hogan, a young woman from La Crosse, and he admitted her murder during interrogation. He also shot and killed Bernice Worden of Plainfield, then dressed her body out like a deer. (She was the mother of one of the Sheriff deputies.) He was the inspiration for Robert Block's character, Norman Bates, that went on to some fame in Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho. Gein also inspired Leatherface and the Texas Chainsaw Massacre franchise and Buffalo Bill in Silence of The Lambs. He was the inspiration for Deranged and Three On A Meathook, not to mention several other forgettable and equally strange horror flicks. He was also the source of numerous sick (but funny) jokes at the time. ("If we ever go to war again, Ed Gein is all set because he has his own navel reserve.")

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/47/Ed_Gein_Headstone.jpg/180px-Ed_Gein_Headstone.jpg
His headstone was a frequent target of
vandals (you can see the extra inscriptions)
and souvenir hunters who would chip off
pieces of it. It was stolen completely in 2000
and eventually recovered. It is now in a museum.
As far as I know, his grave is unmarked.

[b]...in 1932, an automobile accident in Johnstown, Pennsylvania took the life of Frederick Duesenberg. He and his brother, August, had created the Duesenberg Automobile Company where they built the most powerful, handcrafted, luxury automobiles in the marketplace. Rumored to be able to do 100 mph in second gear, the remarkable automobiles spawned the phrase, "It's a Duesy!" E.L. Cord bought the company, and Auburn-Cord-Duesenberg operated until 1938 when the depths of the depression finally did them in. (The Duesenbergs only supplied chassis. All bodywork was custom built.)

http://automotivehistoryonline.com/Augie%20and%20Fred%20Duesenberg.jpg
Frederick Simon and August Samuel Duesenberg

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Model_A/1929DuesenbergJ223DualCowlPhaetonLe.jpg
1929 Duesenberg J Dual Cowl Phaeton

...in 1945, Winston Churchill resigned as Prime Minister of Great Britain, after his party was defeated in the general election. It was shock, as he had led England through the war but was not able to see the end as the country's leader. Just the same, he was re-elected in 1951. In 1953, he was knighted for his leadership and awarded the Nobel Prize for literature because of his six volume history of World War II and for his memorable speeches.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/winston_churchill_380x500.jpg

...in 1775, the Continental Congress appointed Bemjamin Franklin to be the first Postmaster General of the new colonial post office. He held the job until late in 1776 when he was sent to France as ambassador. He left behind a vastly improved letter delivery system that was the basis of today's Postal Service.

Franklin was a brilliant man, everyone knows about his work as a writer, publisher and his work in founding the country, but Franklin was also a scientist and a prolific inventor. He observed that the prevailing winds in a storm do not determine the course of the weather system, a breakthrough in weather forecasting. He also published documentation and maps of the Gulf Stream. Although he did not discover the Gulf Stream, his publicizing it resulted in cutting two weeks off the time it took a ship to cross the Atlantic by using his charts. (The English ignored his advice, to their own detriment.) He invented lightning rods, bifocals, the Franklin stove and (eeeeyewwww!) the flexible urinary catheter. One of his lesser-known inventions that I particularly like is called the Glass Armonica. It is based on the concept of a musical sound that can be produced by running a fingertip over the wet lip of cut crystal glassware. The Glass Armonica is comprised of tuned disks of glass, mounted on a shaft that is turned at a set speed. Franklin's Armonica used a foot treadle while modern instruments use electric motors. The notes are played by holding fingers on the edges of the spinning glass disks, creating an ethereal and almost ghostly sound.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Glassharmonica.png
Benjamin Franklin's Glass Armonica.

Listen to William Zeitler play Tchaikovsky's Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy on the Glass Armonica (http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6668277826108045373&q=glass+harmonica).

...in 1952, Eva Paron, the First Lady of Argentina and the model for the lead character in the musical, Evita died of cancer at the age of 33. Hundreds of thousands mourned her passing.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Evaperoncasarosada.jpg/225px-Evaperoncasarosada.jpg http://www.dreamagic.com/roger/evita.gif
Maria Eva "Evita" Duarte de Perón Right: Madonna as Evita, a startling resemblance.
(May 7, 1919 - July 26, 1952)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 48 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1996, the XXVI Olympics in Atlanta was the target of a nail-laden pipe bomb that killed a mother and injured more than 100 people. Richard Jewell, a security guard, found the bomb and alerted authorities. The area was evacuated but before it could be disabled, the largest pipe bomb in American history exploded, killing one and injuring 111. Jewell was later listed as the primary "person of interest" and was all but arrested for the bombing. The evidence did not really implicate him and he was later exonerated. (He settled several out of court suits, and he held several law enforcement jobs before his death in 2007.) Authorities were stumped until 1997, when a similar bomb exploded outside an abortion clinic. A second bomb went off while responders were on the scene. Two more bombs would explode, including one at an abortion clinic in Birmingham, Alabama. The bombings were traced to Eric Robert Rudolph, who remained at large until May 31, 2003. He pleaded guilty to all the bombings and is serving four consecutive life terms, without possibility of parole, in Colorado.

http://www.reason.com/UserFiles/richard_jewell.gif
Richard Jewell, the hero of the Centennial Olympic Park Bombing.
You wouldn't have known it back then. The media put the mark of Cain
on him and convicted him in the court of popular opinion. He was
exonerated when Rudolph was convicted, and today, his memory serves
as a reminder to the media of running with a story before all the facts are
known. Jewell died August 29, 2007 from natural causes at the age of 44.
He had severe heart disease, kidney disease and diabetes.

...in 1904, Flint physician, Dr. Herbert Hills, bought the first Buick. David Buick, of Polish descent, was a plumber who loved mechanical challenges. He perfected the process that makes porcelain adhere to iron, which allowed the creation of modern plumbing fixtures. He became bored with plumbing fixtures, enticed by internal combustion engines, so he gave up plumbing to build an automobile. He was not a shrewd businessman, though, and was soon so deep in debt that he lost control of the company that still bears his name. Eventually, Billy Durant took over the operation and Buick was a key element in the creation of Durant's General Motors. At one time, the Buick plant in Flint was the second largest industrial facility in the world, second only to Ford's Rouge Plant.

http://wiki.gmnext.com/wiki/uploads/thumb/1/14/1903-2-1.jpg/180px-1903-2-1.jpg
David Dunbar Buick invented the
process to bond porcelain to iron,
which made modern plumbing fixtures
possible. He tired of the plumbing
industry and threw himself into building
an automobile.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/BuickCity.jpg
Leonard Thygesen took this aerial photo of
the 204 acre Buick complex before it was
demolished in 1999.

...in 1940, Bugs Bunny made his debut in films in a feature called A Wild Hare. As you might expect, Bugs was supposed to be dinner for Elmer Fudd, but setting the pace for the future, the wascawy wabbit bested poor Elmer. In the cartoon, Bugs' opening line was, "What's up, Doc?" Tex Avery said the phrase was in common use in Texas, where he grew up, and he thought nothing of it. In the rest of the country, however, the line was unknown and completely unexpected for prey to say to the hunter. It brought down the house everywhere it ran, and Bugs would use the line (or a variation of it) in almost every cartoon afterwards. Elmer would also issue his trademark line, "Be vewwy vewwy quiet. I'm huntin' wabbits."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a5/FirstBugs.jpg/250px-FirstBugs.jpg
Bugs Bunny's first onscreen appearance in
A Wild Hare released in 1940. In one scene,
Elmer replies to a question from Bugs with the
name "Carole Lombard." After her untimely death,
A Wild Hare was reissued with the line dubbed
over. Elmer says, "Barbara Stanwick." Of course,
both names use B and R, letters that Elmer has
great trouble pronouncing.

...in 1981, Adam John Walsh was abducted from a mall in Hollywood, Florida. Adam's decapitated head was later found by fishermen but his body has never been located. Adam's father, John Walsh, became a leading advocate for victims and victim's rights. His television show, America's Most Wanted (http://www.amw.com/) has been a mainstay of the Fox network since its debut.(Paige (http://www.amw.com/missing_persons/brief.cfm?id=46470) appears on the AMW website but her profile has not been updated since June 11, 2008.) Walsh founded the Center for Missing and Exploited Children. Adam's murder remains unsolved.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b5/Adam-Walsh.jpg
John Adam Walsh (1974-1981)
Photo by Associated Press

UPDATE: Since this piece first appeared here one year ago, the case has been closed. Convicted serial killer, Ottis Toole, confessed to the murder of Adam Walsh but was never tried for the abduction and murder. Although no new evidence was brought forth, authorities are satisfied that Toole was, in fact, Adam's killer. Toole died of liver failure, in prison, on September 15, 1996. Jeffrey Dahmer was also a person of interest in the case, he lived in Miami Beach at the same time. John Walsh has repeatedly said that there is no evidence that links Adam to Dahmer.

...in 1980, the deposed Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, died in exile in Egypt. He sought medical treatment for cancer in the United States in October 1979. Islamic fundamentalists in Tehran used that as an excuse to seize the US Embassy in Tehran on November 4, holding 52 Americans as hostages for 444 days, while President Jimmy Carter botched negotiations and authorized a failed military rescue. The hostages were released on January 20, 1981 as President Ronald Reagan was inaugurated.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Mohammad-reza-shah.jpg
Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi
(1919-1980)

...in 1974, President Richard Milhouse Nixon was charged by the House of Representatives with the first of three articles of impeachment. Nixon was charged with obstruction of justice for failing to release White House tapes recorded during meetings regarding the famous Watergate burglary. On August 8, in order to avoid an inevitable trial, he resigned, the first and only President to do so. Although mocked and ridiculed at the time, history has been more kind to Nixon and he is now being recognized for many of the accomplishments of his administration.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Richard_Nixon.jpg/225px-Richard_Nixon.jpg
Richard Milhouse Nixon
(1913-1994)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 53 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1868, the 14th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified by the required 3/4 of the American states. The 14th Amendment guarantees all Americans, and specifically African Americans when it was drafted, all rights and priviledges, including equal protection under the laws, of American citizenship. In 1896, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson that segregated facilities, separate but equal, were allowed under the law. Facilities were seldom very equal, and Americans of African descent were faced with decades of such discrimination, until the ruling was overturned by Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka in 1954.

...in 1973, a 1934 Ford Deluxe Sedan was sold at auction to Peter Simon of Jean, Nevada. The car sold for a record $175,000.00 despite being riddled with 160 bullet holes. The car had been the last ride of Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker, ambushed by police on May 24, 1934. The car has been on and off of display for decades, and was last reported on display at Terrible's Casino in St. Joseph, Missouri.

http://texashideout.tripod.com/powerful_holes.jpg

...in 1945, a B-25 Mitchell bomber flew into the 78th floor of the Empire State Building on a Saturday morning. Heavy fog had closed LaGuardia, the plane's destination, so the pilot was on his way across Manhattan to Newark. He was flying low to try to gain visibility, swerved to miss the Chrysler Building and was climbing as he flew into the north side of the building. The plane did not penetrate the building, but one engine was severed and continued through the building and wound up in the penthouse of a building across the street. The other engine severed elevator cables and Betty Lou Oliver, an operator, survived a 1,000 foot free fall into the elevator pit, the car being slowed by air pressure, damaged cables and safety equipment. 11 people people in the building perished as did the three people on board the airplane.

http://www.evesmag.com/empirestatebldgcrash.jpg
This photo was taken by Ernie Sisto, of the New York Times,
from a narrow ledge as two reporters held his legs.

...in 1956, I Want You, I Need You, I Love You hit number 1 on the popular music charts, it was the second #1 hit for Elvis Presley, after Heartbreak Hotel went to #1 in April.

...in 1991, Dennis Martinez pitched the 13th perfect game in history as the Montreal Expos defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers 2-0. Martinez was the first Nicaraguan to make the big leagues and the first Latino to throw a perfect game. He retired after 22 years with a very respectable 245-193 lifetime record, 2,149 strikeouts with a 3.70 ERA.

http://lesterslegends.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/dennis-martinez.jpg

...in 1814, Percy Bysshe Shelley and Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin eloped to France, despite the fact he was already married. When his first wife committed suicide in 1816, they were married. While living in Geneva, keeping on the move to evade Shelly's creditors, Lord Byron challenged them to write the scariest ghost story. Only Mary Shelley finished hers and later published it under the title, Frankenstein. Shelley accidentally drowned when Mary was 24. She continued to write until her death at the age of 53, but only her journals and Frankenstein are still read.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Frontispiece_to_Frankenstein_1831.jpg/180px-Frontispiece_to_Frankenstein_1831.jpg
The original frontispiece to Shelly's 1831
Frankenstein by Theodor von Holst. This is
one of two illustrations for the horror story.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/RothwellMaryShelley.jpg/200px-RothwellMaryShelley.jpg
Mary (Wollstonecraft Godwin) Shelly
Portrait by Richard Rothwell ca. 1840

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 74 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1958, President Dwight Eisenhower signed an act authorizing creation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to coordinate America's space exploration. The creation was a reaction to the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik I. The successful launch of the first artificial satellite caught America by surprise and alarmed the defense department that the Russians might be able to reach the American mainland with missiles. The space race was on.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/NASA_50th_Logo_RGB_Hi.jpg/180px-NASA_50th_Logo_RGB_Hi.jpg

...in 1909, Cadillac Motor Company was aquired by Buick for $4.5 Million. Cadillac was an outgrowth of the Henry Ford Company, the second attempt to have Henry Ford build an automobile. The investors fired Ford and brought in Henry Leland, who put in his own design drive line into the Henry Ford designed automobile. (Henry Ford would return the favor in 1922, but that's another story.) When Buick acquired Cadillac, it became the jewel in the General Motors crown. General Motors, the brainchild of Billy Durant, made an unsuccessful attempt to acquire Ford Motor Company in 1907 - how different the world might be had that happened.

http://www.car-nection.com/yann/Dbas_ima/p09rds2.jpg
1909 Cadillac

...in 1945, a Japanese submarine sunk the USS Indianapolis, flagship of the Fifth Fleet. Of the 1,196 crewmen, only 318 survived. The rest had gone down with the ship or were eaten by sharks. Had the submarine been fortunate enough to sink the Indianapolis just three days earlier, the Indianapolis would have been lost with its special cargo that it had delivered to Tinian - the first atomic bomb.

http://www.ussindianapolis.org/images/indyyard.jpg

...in 1940, Orson Welles shot the first scene of Citizen Kane, his first film that also got him into hot water with newspaper magnate, William Randolph Hearst. The film also introduced new camera and sound techniques that influenced future films. Citizen Kane is considered one of America's greatest movies.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Orson_Welles-Citizen_Kane1.jpg/250px-Orson_Welles-Citizen_Kane1.jpg
Orson Welles as Charles Foster Kane

...in 1862, Maria Isabella "Belle" Boyd was arrested by Union officers for spying. She was born in Martinsburg, Virginia (now West Virginia) and was 17 years old when the Civil War erupted. She shot and killed a Union officer for assaulting her mother, she was cleared for the justified shooting. She delivered critical information to Confederate officers and was actually arrested three times for spying. After the war, she took up a career as an actress and also as a speaker, talking about her experiences. She was addressing the GAR in Kilbourn City, Wisconsin when she died of typhoid fever at the age of 56. She is buried in Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin, the modern name for Kilbourn City.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/11/Belle_Boyd.jpg/225px-Belle_Boyd.jpg
Maria Isabella "Belle" Boyd (1844-1900)

...in 1981, the wedding of the Century was televised to one billion viewers in 74 countries. Prince Charles, heir to the throne of England married Lady Diana Spencer. After a fairy tale wedding, though, they did not live happily ever after, divorcing very publicly in 1996. Diana died in a tragic automobile accident in 1997 in Paris. Conspiracy theorists are still having a good time investigating the accident.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/royalwedding.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 54 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1965, (former) President Harry S. Truman became the first beneficiary and holder of the first card for Medicare. President Lyndon B. Johnson signed Medicare into law this day in 1965 at the Truman Library in Missouri.

...in 1932, Disney's first Technicolor cartoon, Flowers and Trees was released. It was the first cartoon produced using the Technicolor three-strip process, proving so popular that Disney contractually tied up the process until 1936. Competing studios, like Max Fleischer and Disney's old friend, Ub Iwerks, were forced to use the inferior CineColor process or the old Technicolor two-strip process until the contract expired. (Iwerks had worked for Disney for years and created Mickey Mouse. He left to form his own studio and hired a young Chuck Jones. Iwerks' company failed, however, Jones went to Warner Bros to create his mayhem and magic while Ub Iwerks returned to Disney in 1940. Iwerks created the live action/animation combination used in the stunning Song of the South. It has been pulled from distribution because of political correctness.) Flowers and Trees set the pace for animation for years.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Silly_symphony.jpg/250px-Silly_symphony.jpg

...in 1936, David O. Selznick purchased the movie rights to Gone With The Wind from Margaret Mitchell, before the book went to press. The payment of $50,000.00, an unheard of sum in those days for an unpublished book. Gone With The Wind went on to sell 1,000,000 copies in the first six months and 12,000,000 copies in the next three decades.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6b/Gone_with_the_Wind_cover.jpg/200px-Gone_with_the_Wind_cover.jpg
Cover of the 1936 first edition.

...in 1942, FDR signed a bill that created the Women's Auxiliary for the Navy, "Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service" better known by the acronym, WAVES. This came two months after Eleanor Roosevelt had convinced FDR to create the WAACs, the Women's Auxiliary Army Corps. In September, the Army also created the Women's Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron, or WAFS, comprised of 25 experienced women to ferry military aircraft from point of manufacture to point of debarcation. Recognizing the value of women as pilots, General Hap Arnold also created the Army Air Force Women's Flying Training Detachmentor WFTD. In August, 1943, the WAFS and the WFTD were merged and were redesignated the Women Airforce Service Pilots, or WASPs.

http://www.womenofthewaves.com/profiles/images/boutwell.jpg
LT.(jg) Florence Otto Boutwell was from Camden, NJ
and volunteered for the WAVES in 1943. She was sent to
the business school at Harvard and was part of the first group
of women to participate in a Harvard graduation. Women were
needed to replace male office workers who were being sent
overseas. She was stationed in Spokane and wound up staying
there.
--Courtesy of womenofthewaves.com (http://www.womenofthewaves.com/)

...in 2003, the last Volkswagen "Beetle" came off the assembly line in Puebla, Mexico, the last country where the beetle was sold. The last one was shipped to VW headquarters in Wolfsburg, Germany. The car's heritage is a surprise to most people, as the car was designed by Ferdinand Porsche, at the request of Adolph Hitler, to design a "peoples' car" or, volks wagen. The car was declared unsafe in the U.S. because of the rear-mounted engine, but the design reappeared as a front engine car, based on the Golf, to become a popular "chick" car in the United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Volkswagen_Bubbla_sista_bilen.jpg/180px-Volkswagen_Bubbla_sista_bilen.jpg
The last "Beetle" in Wolfsburg.

...in 1943, Adolph Hitler learned of Italy's imminant surrender to the Allies. He was planning to rescue Mussolini, reinstall him and his fascist government, reinforce the Italian army and sink the Italian navy so it could not be used by the Allies. Of course, the Allies continued to push up the Italian peninsula, towards Germany.

...in 1998, Buffalo Bob Smith passed away. He was the creator of The Howdy Doody Show, a staple of kids' television in the 1940's and 50's. You have to be my age or older to remember, "Say, kids! What time is it? (http://www.fiftiesweb.com/doody.wav)" The show featured his puppets, Howdy, Dilly Dally, Phineas T. Bluster and Flub-A-Dub, along with live-action residents of Doodyville including Cornelius Cobb, Chief Thunderthud, Princess Summerfall Winterspring and Clarabelle, the Clown. (Played initially by Bob Keeshan, who went on to some fame as Captain Kangaroo.) How did he get his name? Bob Smith was from Buffalo, NY.

http://www.fiftiesweb.com/tv/howdy-doody-c.jpg
Howdy Doody & Buffalo Bob Smith

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 54 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1975, James Riddle "Jimmy" Hoffa vanished, never to be seen again. He was a most influential labor leader and the popular ledgend was that he was a victim of a Mafia hit, but his disappearance has never been solved. In 1967, when he was president of the Teamsters, he was convicted of bribery and senteced to 15 years. President Nixon commuted his sentence in 1971 with the proviso that he not participate in union activites for ten years. While he preparing to challenge the proviso, he was snatched from a restaurant parking lot in Detroit. Several urban myths claim to reveal the location of his body (the most popular being in the end zone or inside a concrete column of Giants Stadium in the Meadowlands) but he has never been found.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d3/Jimmy_riddle_hoffa.jpg
James Riddle Hoffa (1913-19??)

...in 1777, Marie-Joseph Paul Roch Yves Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette was appointed Major-General in the Continental Army, the 19 year old aristocrat agreed to serve without pay. His native France would later ally itself to the American cause and recalled Lafayette. Benjamin Franklin, the ambassador to France, reported that Lafayette was a most convincing advocate for the Americans at the French Court. He later returned to the Continental Army to serve in several decisive battles, including the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gilbert_du_Motier_Marquis_de_Lafayette.jpg/300px-Gilbert_du_Motier_Marquis_de_Lafayette.jpg
Marquis de Lafayette

...in 1990, Nolan Ryan became the 20th pitcher to reach 300 career victories, leading the Texas Rangers to a 11-3 victory over the Milwaukee Brewers. The Ryan Express often threw pitches over 100 miles per hour. In his last game, he tore a ligament in his arm and still threw the next pitch 98 mph. He retired after that game in 1993 and was elected to the Hall of Fame in 1999, along with George Brett, Robin Yount and Orlando Cepeda. (I was at that induction ceremony, primarily to see Robin Yount inducted. Of the 90,000 people who were estimated to be there, it seemed like 65,000 of them were from Kansas City to see George Brett.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Nolan_Ryan_in_Atlanta_close-up.jpg/200px-Nolan_Ryan_in_Atlanta_close-up.jpg
The Ryan Express in 1983

...in 1917, the third battle for Ypres in Flanders Field, Belgium began. It lasted until Noverber 16, cost the British 310,000 casualties and the Germans over 260,000 casualties. The battle clearly demonstrated the futility of trench warfare. After the first battle for Ypres in 1915, Lt Col. John McCrae, MD (Canada) penned the poem, In Flanders Fields, called one of the greatest war poems ever written:

IN FLANDERS FIELDS the poppies blow
Between the crosses row on row,
That mark our place; and in the sky
The larks, still bravely singing, fly
Scarce heard amid the guns below.

We are the Dead. Short days ago
We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,
Loved and were loved, and now we lie
In Flanders fields.

Take up our quarrel with the foe:
To you from failing hands we throw
The torch; be yours to hold it high.
If ye break faith with us who die
We shall not sleep, though poppies grow
In Flanders fields.

(In case you ever wondered why the poppy is the symbol of the American Legion Auxillary, read the poem again.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flanders_Field_American_Cemetery_and_Memorial.jpg/300px-Flanders_Field_American_Cemetery_and_Memorial.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are 61 wn to 165 candles now. As always, a reminder that candles go out after 48 hours. Remember to keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1961, Texas oilman, Angus Wynne Jr., opened the gates at a new concept, a theme park, called Six Flags Over Texas. An all-inclusive fee was paid at the gate, eliminating tickets and separate fees. For $2.75 for adults and $2.25 for a child, families could spend an entire day at the park. Wynne was also a land developer, and the 17 acres in Arlington was standing empty. He decided a theme park would be a good use for the acreage before he converted it into an industrial park. He made back his investment in just 18 months and decided maybe a theme park was better use for the land than an industrial park. He sold the park in 1969, it changed hands several times before becoming part of Six Flags, Inc. which owns 30 theme parks in North America, with over 34 million people per year visiting the parks. (His brother Bedford, was one of the founders of the NFL expansion Dallas Cowboys in 1960.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/fgview.jpg
Six Flags Over Texas in 1961
(Fort Worth Star-Telegram photo from
the Special Collections Unit, University
of Texas - Arlington Library.)

...in 1914, World War I began in Europe as Germany and Russia declared war on each other, after Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia four days before. Within three days, France, Belgium, and Great Britain aligned with Russia against the German/Austria-Hungary aliance. As usual, citizens of each country thought they would easily defeat the other powers with days, except that the war went on for four years and caused uncountable damages and deaths in Europe, some 20 million military and civilians perished during the war. It was known as the War to End All Wars, but the Treaty of Versailles that ended the war laid such punitive terms upon Germany that it sewed the seeds for the rise of Adolph Hitler and the start of World War II.

...in 1966, a gunman, armed with a a shotgun, a Remington 700 rifle with a scope, a 6 mm Remington rifle, an M1, a Luger, a .357 magnum and another pistol, along with enough ammunition and supplies to last for several days, climbed to the top of a 300 foot tower at the University of Texas and opened fire. By the time the event was over, he had killed 14 people and injured 31 more. Charles Whitman was an Eagle Scout and former Marine who was despondent over the breakup of his parents' marriage. On July 31, he stabbed his mother, and his wife, to death, then headed to the U of T campus. He killed the receptionist at the top of the tower with the butt of his rifle, then barricaded himself on the observation deck. An excellent marksman, he shot people up to 500 yards away. He was shot and killed by Austin police officers who boldly charged the stairs of the tower. An autopsy revealed that Whitman had a cancerous brain tumor that may have caused his emotional eruption.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/UT_tower_lit_entirely_in_orange.jpg/180px-UT_tower_lit_entirely_in_orange.jpg
The tower remained closed
for 33 years, until 1999 when it
reopened.

...in 1973, American Graffiti opened in Los Angeles. The low budget film (the budget was a mere $700,000) was co-written and directed by 29 year old George Lucas. He (relatively) made very little himself on the film that went on to gross over $50 million in rentals alone. The film did, however, make him a millionaire and established his reputation as a filmmaker, allowing him to start shooting the Star Wars franchise that opened in 1977. Star Wars, of course, is one of the biggest blockbusters in film history.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0d/MelsGraffiti.jpg/290px-MelsGraffiti.jpg
Mel's Drive-In in San Francisco had been closed,
and re-opened just for this film. Once American
Graffiti was completed, it was demolished.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/American_graffiti_ver1.jpg/200px-American_graffiti_ver1.jpg
Where were you in '62?

...in 1953, Paramount Pictures released the western, Shane, considered by many to be the best western ever made. World War II had cost more than lives and destruction, it also took away America's innocence and sophisticated audiences had grown weary of cardboard-cutout western heroes. Shane introduced a deep and complex character, caught in a typical situation that he was trying to escape. The movie also introduced a new actor in his first starring role. Volodymir Ivanovich Palahniuk was billed as "Walter Jack Palance," as the evil-incarnate gunslinger, Jack Wilson. He went on to a brilliant career as the quintessential bad man with two Oscar nominations for his efforts. (It took a comic role to finally win the statuette for City Slickers.) Clint Eastwood remade the film under the title Pale Rider with a slightly different viewpoint, but Shane is viewed by some as the better of the two films. If you have never seen Shane, do yourself a favor and rent it soon.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Jean_Arthur_in_Shane.jpg/200px-Jean_Arthur_in_Shane.jpg
Alan Ladd and Jean Arthur in Shane. Jean
Arthur was 50 at the time, older than her two
love interests in the film. This was Jean Arthur's
first film in color - and the last film she made in
her sparkling career.

...in 1988, WABC radio in New York became the flagship station and originating studio of the nationally syndicated Rush Limbaugh Radio Program with 55 stations in the syndication network. (There are now over 200 stations in the network.) Limbaugh is recognized for saving AM radio and making it a viable medium again. In 1984, Limbaugh went on the air at KFBK in Sacramento where he replaced Morton Downy, Jr. In 1987, when the Fairness Doctrine was repealed, Limbaugh announced that he was the first man to be "...liberated from the East Germany of liberal media domination." Since 1991, he has had the largest radio market share of any program, with an audience of 14.5 million people each week, estimated to be as high as 20 million in any given hour. He has received the Marconi Award for Syndicated Radio Personality of the Year four times, in 1992, 1995, 2000 and 2005.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/rush-limbaugh1.jpg
Love him or hate him, Rush Limbaugh
is the biggest name in radio.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 48 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1776, members of the Continental Congress signed the Declaration of Independence. While it had been approved on July 4, it took until August 2 to print copies and create the hand-written version, signed by the delegates, and preserved in the national archives.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Us_declaration_independence.jpg/200px-Us_declaration_independence.jpg
"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that
all men are created equal, that they are endowed
by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights,
that among these are Life, Liberty and the
Pursuit of Happiness." This has been called
"The best known sentence in the English
language."

Some Afterthoughts - To my fellow citizens of the United States, have you actually read the Declaration of Independence (http://www.heritage.org/research/features/almanac/pdf/declaration.pdf)? Or have you actually read the Constitution of the United States (http://www.heritage.org/research/features/almanac/pdf/constitution.pdf)? If you are like many Americans, you may have read these important documents (or more likely, skimmed over them) when you were in high school but probably not since then. A group called The Heritage Foundation has published a book entitled The Founders' Almanac (http://www.heritage.org/research/features/almanac/welcome.html), where many of the documents that created this great country are reproduced with appropriate commentary and explanations. You can actually buy the book, if you like, but the Heritage Foundation has made these vital documents available to you as PDF files. You might just like to take a look, and read them, and learn what your rights really are. (Click on the title to see the document.)

...in 1934, President Paul von Hindenburg, of the Weimar Republic, passed away, leaving a clear path for Adolph Hitler to seize power in Germany. He was the son of a Prussian military officer, fought in the Seven Weeks War with Austria at the age of 19 and also fought in the Franco-Prussian War. During WWI, he rose to prominence and became the President in 1925. His German government was in disarray with unrest from both the right and left. The terms of the Treaty of Versailles were harsh, inflation was rampant. No one was happy. Hindenburg allowed dissolution of the Reichstag and agreed to hold new elections. The Nazi Party became the second largest party because of the election and soon was gaining new members. With von Hindenburg's death, nothing stood in the way of Hitler's rise to power.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-U0618-0500%2C_Paul_v._Hindenburg.jpg/180px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-U0618-0500%2C_Paul_v._Hindenburg.jpg
von Hindenburg in 1916

Right after WWI, Adolph Hitler was a decorated soldier disappointed by Germany's loss. He joined the German Workers' Party, mostly a group of disgruntled army veterans. When he assumed leadership in the 1920's, he renamed the group the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist Workers' Party) that was abbreviated as Nazi. The party was anything but socialist, in fact, Hitler blamed communists as well as Jews for Germany's defeat in WWI and it became his personal vendetta to extract revenge. The party also adopted an ancient symbol of good luck as its symbol, forever ruining the swastika to mean anything but hatred. With Hindenburg's death, Hitler combined his title of Chancellor with Hindenburg's title of President and called himself Führer ("leader") and disbanded the democratic government to put the Third Reich into place.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-C06886%2C_Paul_v._Hindenburg.jpg/225px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-C06886%2C_Paul_v._Hindenburg.jpg
Paul von Hindenburg (1847-1934)
With his death, there was no one to
stand in the way of Adolph Hitler's
rise to power.

...in 1943, the Japanese destroyer Amaqiri rammed PT-109 amidships, slicing it in half and killing two of the crew. Other PT boat commanders in the area, assuming the crew had been killed in such a collision, left the area. The commander of the boat rallied the other ten survivors, who clung to the debris for five hours until they reached a coral island. After swimming to a larger island, the young lieutenant encountered a native and carved a message into a coconut shell, which led to the rescue. The lieutenant was decorated for his bravery, and both he and the coconut shell ended up in the Oval Office. The story of Lieutenant John F. Kennedy was told in the movie, PT-109 starring Cliff Robertson, in 1963.

http://www.maritimequest.com/warship_directory/us_navy_pages/pt_boats/pt_109/03_crew.jpg
The crew of PT-109 in July, 1943. That's Lt(jg) John F. Kennedy standing on the far right.
Left to Right, Top Row, Al Webb (not a crew member but in the photo) Leon E. Drawdy, Edgar E. Mauer,
Edmund T. Drewitch, John E. McGuire. Bottom Row, Charles A. Harris, Maurice l. Kowal, Andrew J. Kirkesy,
Leonard J. Thom and Kennedy. Andrew Jackson Kirksey and Harold W. Marney (not pictured) perished in the collision.

...in 1990, Iraqi forces invaded Kuwait, quickly overwhelming the Kuwaiti defense forces and capturing Kuwait City. The emir of Kuwait and his family escaped to Saudi Arabia. The United Nations quickly denounced the invasion and called for Iraq to withdraw. Saddam Hussein responded by setting up a provincial government to rule his new prize - including 20% of the world's oil reserves and access to the Persian Gulf. Operation Desert Storm, led by the United States, began on January 16, 1991 and drove the Iraqis back into their own land. Before retreating, Hussein ordered that the Kuwaiti oil wells all be set on fire.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Gulf_War_Photobox.jpg/300px-Gulf_War_Photobox.jpg
Clockwise from top: USAF over the burning oil field,
British Troops, Camera view of AC-130, the Highway of
Death, M728 Combat Engineer Vehicle.

...in 1992, Jackie Joyner-Kersee won the Gold Medal in the heptathalon at the Barcelona Olympics. It was her second Gold in the Olympic heptathalon, which she won in 1988 at the Seoul Olympics. She is the only woman to win gold twice in the event. She also won a bronze medal in 1996, her sixth Olympic medal, the most medals won by an American woman in track and field.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 32 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1958, the world's first nuclear powered submarine, the USS Nautilus, steamed underwater from Point Barrow, Alaska to to Iceland, over the geological north pole. It was the first time the feat had been accomplished and proved to be the fastest, and shortest route, between the Pacific Ocean and Europe. (If you happen to have a submarine, that is.) The submariner nuclear propulsion plant was developed by the old Atomic Energy Commission under the leadership of Captain Hymen G. Rickover. The building of the submarine was approved by Congress in July, 1951, with her keel laid on June 14, 1952 by President Harry Truman. In January, 1954, she was christened by First Lady Mamie Eisenhower with the traditional bottle of champagne broken across the bow. The first nuclear powered submarine cruise took place on January 17, 1955. The Nautilus served nearly 25 years and cruised a half a million miles before being decommissioned in 1980. On the list of National Historic Landmarks, the Nautilus is a museum on the Thames River in Groton, Connecticut.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/nautilus2.jpg
The "First and the Finest," the USS Nautilus at sea.

...in 1900, Harvey S. Firestone established the Firestone Tire & Rubber Company in Akron, Ohio with 12 employees. Henry Ford selected Firestone tires as standard equipment on the Model T (which Ford began manufacturing in 1908) and made Firestone into a wealthy man and household name. Harvey Firestone and Henry Ford went on to be fast friends and are found in photographs of their annual camping trips. Firestone was not the first, nor the last. B.F. Goodrich began making rubber products in Akron in 1869, Frank Seiberling founded Goodyear in 1898 and General Tire joined the Akron party in 1915. Akron went on to become the tire capital of the world, with Firestone and Goodyear leading the way but times change. Today, except for a few handcrafted racing tires, no tires are made in Akron and the big rubber industry is all gone. Rocker Chrissie Hynde is from Akron, but since reaching adulthood, she has lived most of her life in Europe and Brazil. She returned home to find big changes, writing and performing a song with The Pretenders called My City Was Gone (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFfURSTLvfw&feature=related). (It's the B-side of the more popular Back On The Chain Gang. In a twist of irony, the thumping bass line opening and guitar licks of the song are best known as the opening theme to Rush Limbaugh's syndicated radio program. Politically opposite of Limbaugh, Hynde claims she doesn't like it but it is out of her control. No one has ever heard her complain while cashing her royalty checks, either. Click on the title to hear the complete song.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Ford_Edison_Firestone1.jpg/200px-Ford_Edison_Firestone1.jpg
Henry Ford, Thomas Edison and
Harvey Firestone, the fathers of
modern America on one of their
famous camping trips.

...in 1846, the wagon train led by George Donner and James Reed, found the first warning that their route was impassible. Instead of following the established California Trail from Fort Bridger, Wyoming, the Donner-Reed Party followed a new, shorter route published by Lansford Hastings. It turns out, Hastings had never actually taken the route himself, he had drawn it from maps. The Donner-Reed Party had no idea of the hardships there were about to endure, including a miserable trip across 100 miles of the Great Salt Desert and eventually becoming stranded in the Sierra Nevada mountains, near present day Truckee, California. The stranded emigrants resorted to cannibalism to survive, only 45 of the original 89 of the group made it to California. Donner Lake and Donner Pass are named in their honor, the location of their winter hardship. (Several years ago, PBS aired an episode of the series The American Experience (http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/donner/) about the Donner-Reed Party. Click on the title to view the web page about the program. Amateur historian, Daniel M. Rosen, published a website dedicated to the Donner Party (http://www.donnerpartydiary.com/), including a link to the Donner Party Cookbook (http://books.google.com/books?id=LT6ZjA50I0MC&dq=donner+party+cookbook&printsec=frontcover&source=bn&hl=en&ei=kRl2SvaeIJW8NtKS8LAM&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4#v=onepage&q=&f=false).

Stop snickering, it's a serious cookbook, along with historical perspectives, written by Dr. Terry Del Bene. It includes recipes that were popular in the day, including Rabbit, Gruel, Buffalo Stew, Arrowroot Pudding, Potato Soup, Mutton Soup, Irish Potato Salad, Scrapple, Mince Meat and a couple of things that I don't think I'd like to try...well, use your imagination...Johnny Cake, Brain Stew and Lumpy Dicks. As Dave Barry would say, I am not making this up. Click on the title to see the cookbook at Google Books.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/38/Donner_Pass_kingp053.jpg/300px-Donner_Pass_kingp053.jpg
Donner Pass in the late 19th Century, site of the
Donner-Reed Party tragedy. Of course, Donner Reed
would go on to stardom in Hollywood, including the
popular It's A Wonderful Life. Oh, stop it. It's
just a joke.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/51AS0JJ7NNL.jpg (http://books.google.com/books?id=LT6ZjA50I0MC&dq=donner+party+cookbook&printsec=frontcover&source=bn&hl=en&ei=kRl2SvaeIJW8NtKS8LAM&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4#v=onepage&q=&f=false)
Care to join us in the kitchen?

...in 1949, the National Basketball Association was born from the merger of the rival Basketball Association of American and the National Basketball League. The fledgling league, with such teams as the Minneapolis Lakers and Milwaukee Hawks, grew through the 1950's and 1960's to the modern 30 teams, attracting millions of fans around the world.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/MilwaukeeAtlHawks1a.gif http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/LosAngelesMinneapolisLakers.gif
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/BAA.gif http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/NBL40s.gif
Ore-NBA logos of the BAA and NBL

...in 1492, In fourteen hundred and ninety two, Columbus sailed the ocean blue... or, at least, so the children's poem goes. Christopher Columbus (or, "Colombus" if you keep his non-Anglicized spelling) set sail from Palos, Spain in command of three ships, the Niña, Pinta and the Santa Maria, in search of a new route to the wealthy cities of Asia. On October 12, the small fleet caught sight of land (most likely the Bahamas) and went on to stumble into Cuba, thinking it was mainland China. Columbus is given credit for discovering the New World, even though Erik, The Red and the Vikings had colonized Greenland and Newfoundland in the 10th Centuries. Most historians agree that Columbus did not discover the new world, in fact, he wasn't the first. Columbus was the first who stayed in the new world, thereby bringing it to the world's attention. (The idea that popular medieval belief said the earth was flat is a myth, perpetuated by storytellers in the 19th century. The ancients knew the world was round, so did everyone else. Their calculations of the size of the earth were incorrect, not the shape. Before Columbus, the furthest any European ship traveled without reaching landfall was 30 days. The incorrect belief was that no ship could travel the distance to Asia by sailing west. Columbus disproved this, sort of. He really though he had reached Asia. It was Amerigo Vespucci who promoted the belief that Columbus had discovered a new continent, and a published map named the new continent America from his name.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/1893_Nina_Pinta_Santa_Maria_replica.jpg
Replicas of the Pinta, Niña and Santa Maria sailed to the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago.
The Exposition, also known as The White City, commemorated the 400th anniversary of the
first Columbus voyage. Columbus has been called the consumate politician - he set out without
knowing where he was going, he returned to a hero's welcome with no idea where he had been,
and he did it all with someone else's money.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 63 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1892, Lizzie Bordon took and axe and gave her mother 40 whacks. When she saw what she had done, she gave her father 41. Well, so goes the old rhyme. Despite strong circumstantial evidence, a jury aquitted Lizzie of the heinous murders and she lived quite comfortably until her death in 1927. The murder has never been solved. Lizzie Borden was distantly related to the famous milk producer, Gail Borden, and to Robert Borden, Prime Minister of Canada during WWI. In an ironic twist, Lizzie Borden was portrayed in a television dramatization by Elizabeth Montgomery. Genealogist Rhonda McClure documented that Borden and Montgomery are sixth cousins once removed. "I wonder how Elizabeth would have felt if she knew she was playing her own cousin," she said in Genealogy Magazine.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Lizzie_borden.jpg/225px-Lizzie_borden.jpg
Lizzie Borden

...in 1942, the song White Christmas premiered in a film entitled Holiday Inn. Bing Crosby was already a popular crooner, having started his career signing with the Paul Whiteman orchestra in 1927. He was also noted for both his comic and dramatic acting ability, winning an Oscar for Going My Way in 1944. He was also a noted golf fanatic, sponsoring a tournament that bore his name and he died in 1977, on a golf course. White Christmas has sold about a bazillion copies, and was made into a movie with Danny Kaye that some have claimed was a remake of Holiday Inn. It was not a remake, however, White Christmas (1954) did share some concepts and used the same sets as Holiday Inn. (A famous motel chain, started in 1952, took its name from the film.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/ReynoldsMarjorieHolidayInn_01.jpg
Bing Crosby, Fred Astaire, Marjorie Reynolds and Virginia Dale in Holiday Inn
with music by Irving Berlin. His song, White Christmas, was written for the
movie and earned an Academy Award for Best Song.

...in 1936, Jesse Owens won the long jump in the Berlin Olympics. It was the second of four gold medals he would win in the Olympiad, in Der Führer's face - disproving to the world the superiority of the Aryan Race. Owens jumped 26' 5-1/2" (the first time anyone jumped over 26' in Olympic history) to set a record that would stand for 24 years. Hitler left the stadium in disgust. In Germany, Owens traveled with, stayed in the same hotels with, and ate with his teammates. These were all things he could not do back in the United States, where Jim Crow laws forced him to eat take-out or dine in black-only restaurants, and to stay in black-only lodgings. While Germany praised the Aryan Race and demeaned all others, the Germans were more cordial than the Americans back home. Hitler did not shake his hand, but Owens said they did wave to each other. Things weren't so great back home, either. Owens did not receive a telegram or any other acknowledgement from FDR or Harry Truman. It was not unitl 1955 that President Eisenhower gave Owens the Presidential recognition he so richly deserved in 1936. After a hero's welcome in New York, including a ticker-tape parade, he had to ride the freight elevator at the Waldorf-Astoria to attend his own reception. In another ironic twist, in Berlin, Adi Dassler, a member of the Nazi party, approached Owens to wear his shoes - the first sponsorship of an American athlete of African descent. (Adi Dassler was the founder of adidas, which is a fascinating story in itself, which we'll save for another time.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Jesse_Owens1.jpg/250px-Jesse_Owens1.jpg
James Cleveland "Jesse" Owens, the Buckeye Bullet.

...in 1958, the "Top 100" ran for the first time in Billboard magazine. Top of the first chart was Ricky Nelson's Poor Little Fool.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/95/Billboard_logo.svg/220px-Billboard_logo.svg.png
The current magazine first appeared as Billboard
Advertising Magazine in 1896 for the bill posting
trade, hence the name. It grew into a trade publication
for circuses and carnivals, then grew into radio and
movies in the 1920s. With the advent of the juke box in
the 1930s, Billboard began to publish music charts.
On this date in 1958, it began publishing the Hot 100 and
combined singles sales with radio airplay.

...in 1944, a Dutch informant tipped the Gestapo to a hidden apartment where Anne Frank lived with her parents, another Jewish family and a dentist. The families were shipped to Auschwitz, and with the Russian liberation of Poland imminent, Anne and her sister were shipped to Belsen-Bergin where they died of typhoid, just two months before the camp was liberated. Her father, Otto, was the only one to survive, and when he returned to Amsterdam, he was presented with Anne's diary, that had been overlooked by the Nazis. Otto published the diary as a book, which has now been translated into 50 languages, documenting the terror that was Europe overrun by Nazi Germany.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/anne_frank_image.jpg
Anne Frank

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 79 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1944, Polish insurgents freed 348 Jews from a forced-labor camp in Warsaw. The Germans managed to kill 15,000 insurgents, but the Poles fought on and took over at least half of the city from the Germans. Some of the Jews formed their own brigade, repairing captured German tanks to use in the rebellion. The Warsaw Uprising began on August 1, 1944 and lasted until October 2, when the Polish Home Army surrendered to the Germans.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Jewish_prisones_of_KZGesiowka_liber.jpg
Jewish Prisoners freed by soldiers of the Home Army on
August 4, during the 1944 Warsaw Uprising.

...in 1962, blonde bombshell Marilyn Monroe was found dead in her home, nude, face down with the phone in one hand. Empty pill bottles were in the room, setting the scene for a cause of death as suicide. Conspiracy theorists seem to think the Kennedy family had something to do with it, in fact, Robert Kennedy is rumored to have been with her earlier in the day but no link to the Kennedy family has ever made to her death. She is still mourned all these many years later.

http://www.filmforum.org/films/7year/7Year_2.jpg
Marilyn Monroe with Tom Ewell in Billy Wilder's 1955
film The Seven Year Itch. It is one of the lasting images
of the enduring "blonde bombshell." She remains one of the
most popular actresses of all time.

...in 1861, President Abraham Lincoln imposed the first federal income tax. It was a tax of 3% on any income over $800 annually, which was a rather princely sum. (The practice, called progressive indexing, increases the percentage of taxes as income increases. The practice of making the highest incomes pay the highest taxes continues to this day, with the top 5% of earners paying over half of all the taxes collected. See "Who Really Pays Income Tax?" (http://www.taxfoundation.org/blog/show/341.html) from the Tax Foundation.)

...in 1983, the final approval was made by a U.S. District court, force telecommunications giant, AT&T to divest itself of local telephone service providers. The AT&T dragon had finally been slain by justice department do-gooders, creating Southwestern Bell, Pacific Telesis, Ameritech, U.S. West, NYNEX, BellSouth and Bell Atlantic. Of course, every dragon lays an egg before it is slain and this egg has hatched. Slowly, but surely, the so-called Baby Bells have been merging until they swallowed AT&T itself and is back to being a telecommunications giant.

...in 1981, President Ronald Reagan followed through on a promise and fired 11,359 air-traffic controllers who had walked off the job and defied his order for them to return to work. (Federal law prohibits striking by certain workers, including air traffic controllers.) Included in the firing was a lifetime ban on rehiring any of the strikers. The lifetime ban was later lifted by President Reagan, and in 1986, several of the fired controllers were rehired.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Reagan_speaks_on_air_traffic_controllers_strike_19 81.jpg/200px-Reagan_speaks_on_air_traffic_controllers_strike_19 81.jpg
On August 3, 1981, President
Ronald Reagan stated, ""They are
in violation of the law and if they do
not report for work within 48 hours
they have forfeited their jobs and will
be terminated." On August 5, he made
good on his promise.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 52 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1945, an American B-29 named the Enola Gay dropped the first atomic weapon used in warfare on the city of Hiroshima, Japan. The Japanese were losing the war but vowed to fight on to the death. Pleas for surrender went ignored, and casualties in the millions were predicted for an American invasion of the Japanese homeland. President Harry Turman authorized use of "Little Boy" (the nickname for the bomb) that exploded 1900 feet above the ground with the explosive force of 12,500 tons of TNT. The city was practically leveled, 80,000 people died instantly and 35,000 were injured. Another 60,000 would die from effects of the explosion. One more atomic bomb would be dropped before Japan finally surrendered, bringing WWII to a long awaited end.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Atomic_cloud_over_Hiroshima.jpg/215px-Atomic_cloud_over_Hiroshima.jpg
The resulting mushroom cloud over
Hiroshima after the detonation of the
bomb nicknamed, "Little Boy."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Hiroshima_aftermath.jpg/250px-Hiroshima_aftermath.jpg
The aftermath in Hiroshima
after the blast.

...in 1932, the application to patent the concept of the drive-in movie was made by Richard Hollingshead, Jr. His idea was to allow a family to attend a movie without baby sitters or excess expense, while sitting in the comfort of their own automobile. The patent was declared invalid in 1950, spurring an enormous growth. In 1958, the high point of drive-ins was reached with 4,063 across the country. Today, very few remain. (The first drive-in opened in Camden, New Jersey on June 6, 1933 ("http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our, 1933-own-missing-22516/index278.html#post655147).)

http://www.driveintheater.com/history/dit02.jpg
Hollingshead's first drive-in theater opened
June 6, 1933. He received the patent for his idea
on this date in 1932.

...in 1965, President Lyndon Baines Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act, making it illegal to impose any restrictions on any election. Most restrictions placed on voting had been placed to prevent African Americans from voting. An Alabama march that resulted in blacks being beaten by state troops shamed Congress into passing the legistlation. Free elections had been guaranteed by the 15th Amendment, ratified in 1870 but many blacks found they were told they had the date wrong, officials were not availble, or they would be forced to pass stupid tests like reciting the entire Constitution. Although not strongly enfoced, the law provided legal means to challenge stupide rules. Black voter turnout went from 6% in 1965 to 59% in 1969. Later, President Nixon extended the law to lower the eligible voting age to 18.

...in 1997, struggling Apple Computer company found a sugar daddy in the form of a $150 million minority stake purchase by rival, Microsoft. By taking a byte out of Apple, MS was able to guarantee domination in the Apple software market. Apple went on to greater heights, introducing the G4, called a desktop supercomputer, PowerBook, the G5, iBook, iPod, iPhone and many more cutting edge products.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/weird_stuff/home_computer.jpg
At least the purchase by Microsoft didn't result in this,
the home computer as projected by Rand Corp in 1954. I
wonder what the wheels would be used for?

...in 1926, 19 year old Gertrude Ederle swam the 21 miles from Cape Griz-Nez to Dover, becoming the first woman to swim the English Channel. She had already won a gold medal in the 1924 Paris Olympics in the 4 x 100 relay and bronze in both the 100 and 400 meter freestyle. In 1925, she became the first woman to swim the length of New York Bay, from Battery Park to Sand Hook, NJ in 7 hours 11 minutes, breaking the previous mens' record. Her hearing was damaged in the Channel crossing and she spent most of her life teaching deaf children to swim. She died at the age of 98 in 2003.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-10212%2C_Gertrud_Ederle.jpg/180px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-10212%2C_Gertrud_Ederle.jpg
Gertrude Ederle in 1930. She
was an Olympic Gold Medalist and
the first woman to swim the English
Channel. She died in 2003 at the
age of 98.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 48 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1794, farmers in the west had difficulty getting their products to the east coast markets without spoiling, so one method was to convert corn to whiskey, and ship it east by the barrel. The federal government instilled (so to speak) a tax on liquor and stills. Irate farmers in Pennsylvania revolted in what has become known as the Whiskey Rebellion, by buring the homes of the tax collectors. They also tarred and feathered revenue officers. President Washington sent in 12,900 troops to force the farmers back to their homes.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/WhiskeyRebellion.jpg/300px-WhiskeyRebellion.jpg
President Washington prepares to
lead his troops to Pennsylvania to
put down the Whiskey Rebellion. Also in
command were Secretary of the Treasury
Alexander Hamilton and Revolutionary War
hero, General "Lighthorse" Harry Lee.

...in 1928, the dollar continued to shrink. In this case, it was not inflation but the physical dimensions of the currency, reduced about 30% from its previous size. New bills were printed in denominations from one to ten thousand dollars, including a new $2 bill. One year later, paper bills were reduced another 25%, reaching today's familiar size and standard set of portraits and symbols.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/US_%241_1928_Silver_Certificate.jpg/800px-US_%241_1928_Silver_Certificate.jpg
The series 1928 dollar bill was a Silver Certificate, meaning that the bill was
backed by a silver deposit. In 1963, it changed to a Federal Reserve Note and took
on the familiar appearance that we know today.

...in 1942, the 1st Marine Division began Operation Watchtower, landing on Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands. It was the first offensive in the Pacific Theater, the beginning of the strategy of "island hopping" toward the Japanese Islands. On June 6, the Japanese had invaded Guadacanal and began to construct an airfield that would have given them strategic advantage over the Allies. Operation Watchtower called for the invasion of six of the Solomons. Resistance was strong on the other five islands but those on Guadalcanal initially met little resistance - the Japanese did not know they were there. The next day, however, the Japanese began to fight back in fierce hand-to-hand jungle warfare as well as air and naval battles. In February, 1943, the Japanese retreated on secret orders from the Emperor. When it was over, an American general said, "These people refuse to surrender." The Japanese lost 25,000 men, the Americans lost 1,600. Both navies lost 24 ships. The first Medal of Honor issued to a Marine went to Sgt. John Basilone for valor during the operation.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/GuadLandingsLunga.jpg
US Marines hit the beach on Guadalcanal, August 7, 1942.

...in 1947, the balsa wood raft Kon-Tiki landed on Tuamotu Archipelago, near Tahiti. The raft was captained by Thor Heyerdahl, a Norwegian anthropologist, who set out to prove his theory that the Pacific Islands could have been settled by South American natives. His 101 day, 4,300 mile voyage set out from Callao, Peru on the 40 square foot raft on April 28. His fellow scientists scoffed but the general public loved him, propelling his book about the voyage to bestseller status. Heyerdahl died in 2002 at the age of 87. The raft is on display at the Kon-Tiki Museum in Oslo.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/KonTikiInMuseum.jpg/300px-KonTikiInMuseum.jpg
The Kon-Tikiin Oslo, Norway

...in 1959, Explorer 6 was launched into orbit. The unmanned satellite took a photo of the earth from 17,000 miles and transmitted it to earth. The transmission took 40 minutes to complete.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/GPN-2002-000200.jpg
It doesn't look like much now, but in
1959, this was an amazing image of Earth.

...in 1974, the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center was the scene of Frenchman, Philip Petit, walking on a cable strung between the towers. It was, as he said, the "artistic crime of the century." Petit conceived of the stunt while reading about the WTC at the dentist's office. The center was under construction and he became obsessed with the towers, visiting them several times with phony credentials while acting like a construction worker. On the night of August 6th, he and his crew rode up the freight elevators to mount his wire across the gap. He used a bow and arrow to shoot a fishing line across the gap, pulling larger and larger ropes back and forth before pulling the 450 pound wire rope between the towers. It was the first time the towers were joined. At 7:15 AM, Petit stepped off the South Tower onto the wire. He caused a massive traffic jam, 1,350' below. The Port Authority was notified and officers were dispatched to arrest him as soon as he reached the North Tower, Instead, he ran back to the center of the wire and danced! When it started to rain, he stepped off the wire on to the roof of the South Tower and was immediately arrested. He was handcuffed and shoved down a flight of stairs, which he later said was the most dangerous part of the stunt. When asked why he did it, he shrugged and replied, "When I see three oranges, I juggle. When I see two towers, I walk."

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/petitWTC.jpg
The Artistic Crime of the Century

...in 1987, as the Cold War was thawing towards its end, Lynne Cox swam from the United States to the Soviet Union across the Bering Strait, the first so recorded swim in history. A powerful open water swimmer, Cox joined fellow high school swim team members in the 31 mile swim to Catalina Island. At the age of 15, she crossed the English Channel in nine hours, fifty seven minutes, setting a world record for both men and women. Two years later, she duplicated the feat and set another record. Cox also swam the Straits of Magellan in Chile and around the Cape Point in South Africa. To prepare for the swim to the Soviet Union, she trained in water between 38º and 42º. Cox rarely wore a wetsuit, and set off into the Bering Strait, the water just above freezing, wearing just a swimming suit. She took 2 hours and 16 minutes, crossing the International Dateline, to swim the 2.7 miles from Little Diomede Island, Alaska to Big Diomede Island, Chukot. (She would go on to swim more than a mile in Antarctica.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/05skin-600.jpg
Lynne Cox Swims to the Soviet Union
Photo by Gabriella Minotto

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 67 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1974, President Richard Milhouse Nixon announced to the nation that he was resigning, the first and only President (to date) to do so. "By taking this action, I hope that I will have hastened the start of the process of healing which is so desperately needed in America." The resignation grew out of a botched burglary at the DNC headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington. The resulting impeachment proceedings were not for the burglary, but for obstruction of justice.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Nixon-depart.png
President Nixon waves good-bye from the door of Army One after his
resignation took effect, on August 9, 1974.

...in 1863, Nixon wasn't alone this day. After the retreat of the Confederate army from Pennsylvania, a result of the Union victory at Gettysburg, General Robert E. Lee tendered his resignation to President Jefferson Davis. The resignation was refused, as President Davis believed that Lee was the most qualified man in the Confederate army to lead.

...in 1963, a gang of 15 executed a well-designed plan to steal $7 million from a Royal Mail train between Glasgow and London. The train had operated for 125 years without interference until this date. The 75 postal workers on the train had no idea the robbery was in progress, as the robbers had uncoupled the locomotive and front coaches, then parked the train on a bridge. They off-loaded the loot to trucks that were waiting under the bridge. However, the thieves panicked and within six months, police 12 of the 15 in jail. All but two of the gang were apprehended, one was caught in 1965 in Montreal, while Ronald Biggs made it to Brazil were he successfully fought extradition. Many years later, in failing health, he returned to Britain to turn himself in and he died in prison. None of the money was ever recovered.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/media/images/38772000/jpg/_38772595_train238.jpg
The thieves hijacked the train signals. They stopped the
train, clobbered the engineer and uncoupled the train from
the mail coaches, then drove the train to a bridge. The
engineer survived the attack, but he was never
able to work again. None of the money has ever
been recovered.

...in 1998, the lights went on at Wrigley Field in Chicago. The first night game in professional baseball was played in Des Moines, Iowa on May 2, 1930 when a crowd of 12,000, where average attendance was 600, came to see the game against Wichita. The major leagues did not catch on until May 24, 1935 when the Cincinnati Reds turned on the lights for the first time. Every major league park, except Wrigley, installed lights but the Cubs continued to play only day games. On this day in 1998, the first night game at Wrigley was started...but was called on account of rain. (Some said it was God's way of protesting lights at Wrigley.) According to the Cubs media guide, the first night game was against the Mets on August 9.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/wrigley-6.jpg
No, no, no! I said a BUD Light!

...in 1960, the filming of West Side Story began in New York. The retelling of Romeo and Juliet had been a major hit on Broadway. The film's supporting actress, Rita Moreno, won an Oscar for her performance. Moreno was the very first person, and is one of the very few, to win an Oscar, an Emmy, a Tony, and a Grammy. West Side Story won ten Academy Awards, including Moreno, along with Best Supporting Actor, Best Director and Best Picture.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b3/West_Side_Story_Poster.gif

...in 1907, a Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost passed a 15,000 mile test proving the durability of a 7 litre engine and a gear box. The result was the reputation that the Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost was..."The Best Car in the World." The size of the engine is most notable, a 7 litre engine translates to an America engine displacement of about 425 cubic inches, and that was in 1907!

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Ghost_at_Centenary.jpg/250px-Rolls-Royce_Silver_Ghost_at_Centenary.jpg
A Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost, considered one of the
most beautiful cars every built, as well as one of the
finest cars ever built.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 53 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1974, Gerald Ford took the oath of office to be President of the United States, following the unprecedented resignation of President Richard Milhouse Nixon. Nixon had appointed Ford to be Vice President, following the resignation of Vice President Spiro Agnew. Ford, the 38th POTUS, was the first President not elected to the executive office. President Ford was defeated in a re-election bid by Jimmy Carter in 1976.

http://watergate.info/images/ford-swearing.jpg
Gerald R. Ford, Betty Ford and Chief Justice
Warren E. Burger, who administered the oath to
the first POTUS not elected to the office.

...in 1962, Chrysler Corporation set the auto industry on its ear by announcing a 5 year, 50,000 mile warranty for 1963 models.

http://www.misterw.com/Chrysler/63Chr2Dr02.jpg
A 1973 Chrysler 300, one of the Mopar products protected by the
5 year/50,000 mile warranty.

...in 1936, African American Jesse Owens, at the Berlin Olympics, won his fourth gold medal of the games in the 4 x 100 relay, the team setting a new world record of 39.8 seconds. Owens dominated the games, disproving Hitler's claim to the superiority of the Aryan race.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Jesse_Owens1.jpg/250px-Jesse_Owens1.jpg
Jesse Owens about to set a new world record in the long jump.

...in 1945, in the wake of Japan's War Council refusal to surrender after the total destruction of Hiroshima, the second nuclear bomb of WWII was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan. The bomb, named "Fat Man" was loaded into a specially equipped B-29, Bock's Car, named after the pilot, Frederick Bock. The explosion packed the wallop of 22,000 tons of TNT, obliterating the shipbuilding center and killing an estimated 60,000 to 80,000 people. (The exact death toll will never be known as bodies and records were simply vaporized.) There were no more atomic weapons in the arsenal, but Emperor Hirohito declared, "...continuing the war can only result in the annihilation of the Japanese people..." and authorized the unconditional surrender, bringing World War II to a conclusion.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Fat_man.jpg/250px-Fat_man.jpg
The Nagasaki atomic weapon was named "Fat Man"
after Caspar Gutman, Sydney Greenstreet's character in
Bogart's classic film The Maltese Falcon.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/NagasakibombEdit.jpeg/250px-NagasakibombEdit.jpeg
The mushroom cloud rose 60,000 feet
into the atmosphere after detonation.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/731px-Nagasaki_temple_destroyed.jpg
This image was taken six weeks after the detonation of "Fat Man."
One Japanese journalist described Nagasaki as looking "...like a
graveyard with not a headstone standing."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 60 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1846, a decision was finally made of what to do with a huge bequest from an obscure source. In 1829, British scientist, James Smithson died in Italy. His entire estate was to go to his nephew, but in the event his nephew died without heirs, his entire estate was to go "...to the United States of America, to found at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an Establishment for the increase and difffusion of knowledge." His nephew did pass away sans heir, six years later. Smithson's estate was accepted and on August 10, 1846, President James K. Polk signed the law that established the institution that is today comprised of 19 museums and galleries, nine research facilities around the nation and world, and the National Zoo. Known as "America's Attic," The Smithsonian is a must see for anyone visiting Washington, D.C. and all thanks to a scientist that no one remembers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Smithsonian_Building_NR.jpg/300px-Smithsonian_Building_NR.jpg
The "Castle" on the National Mall serves as the
headquarters for the Smithsonian.

...in 1821, the first state entirely west of the Mississippi River was admitted to the union. Missouri was named for Native Americans that lived there. Statehood had been debated since 1817 over the status of the new state as being a slave or free state. The Missouri Compromise allowed Missouri to enter the union as a slave state but it prevented all other Louisiana Purchase territories, north of the Missouri southern border, from entering the union as slave states. Missouri did not secede, but the forces of north and south deeply divided the state and Confederate guerrillas like Jesse James, continued fighting the war long after the end of the Civil War. A new constitution in 1875 helped lay the divisions to rest. The largest population centers are in the east (St. Louis) and the west (Kansas City.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/KCUnionStation.jpg/300px-KCUnionStation.jpg
Union Station in Kansas City, Missouri was the
"Crossroads of America" for a long time. A shoot-out
in front of the station in 1933, the "Kansas City Massacre"
resulted in the deaths of four, unarmed, FBI agents. After
the massacre, FBI agents were armed.

...in 1948, Alan Funt aired his Candid Camera television show. The concept was to capture bemused and unsuspecting people caught in comic setups. One of the first and favorite bits was a talking mailbox. Another popular gag was for an actor to pull into a full-service gas station and ask the attendant to "Fill'er up!" then go into the men's room. The Volkswagen bug was equipped with an enormous fuel tank, and we got to watch the attendant try to figure out where all that gasoline was going. CBS tried to revive the show in 1991, but the magic was gone.

http://onemargaret.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/candid-camera.jpg?w=150
Allen Funt began his franchise
with "Candid Microphone" on radio. He
filmed his first bit, the talking mailbox, in
1948 and took it to television. His idea
was ripped off several times, all of the
died, simply because Funt was the best at
catching "...people in the act of
being themselves."

...in 1945, Japan submitted to the terms of the Pottsdam Conference and agreed to unconditional surrender. President Harry S. Truman ordered a stop to the atomic bombings, although no one knew that the United States did not have any more weapons in stock. This ended the war against America, although fighting continued in Manchuria between the Japanese and the Soviet Union. The American military began occupation of Japan on August 28 and on September 2, the formal surrender ceremony took place aboard the USS Missouri.

...in 1897, the oldest automobile club, still in operation, was founded and no, you're wrong. The Automobile Club of Great Britain and Ireland later changed its name to the Royal Automobile Club. It was founded on this day by C. Harrington Moore and Frederick R. Simms, automobile enthusiasts who wanted to provide a society for others with an interest in automobiles. The club you thought of immediately, AAA, did not arrive on the scene until 1902.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/scripophily_2062_6065071.jpg
It apparently cost six guineas to join the
Royal Automobile Club in 1906.

...in 1877, Amanda McFarland became the first white woman to settle in Alaska. Although long a territory of the United States, Alaska was still a wilderness with few settlements other than military outposts. (The famous gold rush would not occur for two more decades.) A dedicated Presbyterian missionary that had worked with the Nez Perce and Plains Indians, she quickly established herself with native Alaskans and even presided over a constitutional convention. She remained active until her death, at the age of 80, in 1912.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 73 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1934, America's most dangerous convicts arrive in their new home, a 22 acre island comprised of mostly rock, about 1-1/2 miles away from San Francisco. The group might have been surprised to learn that they had cell mates - military prisoners left from the time Alcatraz was a military prison, which had actually opened in 1868. Attorney General Robert Kennedy ordered the prison closed in 1963. In it's 29 year run, no one ever escaped. Contrary to popular culture, Robert Straud, the "Birdman of Alcatraz" did all his avian studies in Leavenworth and none in Alcatraz. Two escapees did make it to San Francisco, one was found exhausted and hypothermic at the foot of the Golden Gate Bridge and the other, disguised as a soldier, was spotted by a suspicious army officer and recaptured. The Rock is now part of Golden Gate Park and is a popular tourist destination.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Alcatraz_dawn_2005-01-07.jpg/283px-Alcatraz_dawn_2005-01-07.jpg
Alcatraz Island, and the (former) Alcatraz Prison.
Photo by Ben Peoples

...in 1984, before his weekly Saturday radio address, President Ronald Reagan, who often clowned when off the air, performed a sound check by saying, "My fellow Americans, I'm pleased to tell you today that I've signed legislation that will outlaw Russia forever. We begin bombing in five minutes." The crack did not air, but it was caught on tape and someone leaked it later. The usual suspects were aghast at the joke, claiming it was irresponsible and a statement of a repressed desire. Many Americans, except those who hated Reagan anyway, thought it was pretty funny, and that the outrage around the world was even funnier. Reagan, who earlier called the Soviet Union an evil empire, went on to have a close friendship with Mikhail Gorbachev as the two oversaw the end of the Cold War.

Hear the Reagan Sound bite here (http://radio.about.com/library/reagan_bomb.mp3).

http://www.reaganradio.com/App_Themes/thSite/images/reaganphoto.jpg
Ronald Reagan wrote and delivered over
1,000 radio addresses. Usually, his pre-address
clowning around with sound checks went
unheard, until someone leaked the "outlawing
the Soviet Union" talk in 1984.

...in 1841, former slave, Frederick Douglass, made his first abolitionist speech in Nantucket, begining a long career in the abolitionsist movement.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Frederick_Douglass_portrait.jpg/250px-Frederick_Douglass_portrait.jpg
Frederick Douglass (1818-1895)

...in 1919, the former wealthiest man in the world passed away. Andrew Carnegie arrived from Scotland at the age of 13 and took a job as a bobbin boy in a cotton factory. With a burning desire to succeed and with a little luck (like buying a farm over an oil field) he began his rise to power. Carnegie believed the key to success was to control the entire production process, from raw materials to finished products. Through mergers and acquisitions, Carneige held a virtual monopoly on the steel industry. He was known as the King of Steel, the architect of the second Industrial revolution, but also as a union buster and no friend of labor. After selling his interests in United States Steel, he set out to die penniless. He built libraires, funded 7,000 church organs, funded schools and universities, and the Hale Telescope at Mount Wilson. He did use up much of his fortune before he died of bronchial pneumonia.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Andrew_Carnegie%2C_three-quarter_length_portrait%2C_seated%2C_facing_slight ly_left%2C_1913.jpg/225px-Andrew_Carnegie%2C_three-quarter_length_portrait%2C_seated%2C_facing_slight ly_left%2C_1913.jpg
Andrew Carneige (1835-1919)

...in 1966, the first Chevrolet Camero came off the assembly line in Norwood, Ohio. The car was in response to Ford's wildly successful Mustang. Ordinarily it takes about three years to produce a new car from concept to assembly, but GM rushed to bring the Camero and Firebird to capture a part of the lucrative pony car market. When the name was revealed, journalists asked what the word "Camero" meant. They were told, "It's a small, vicious animal that eats Mustangs."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Chevrolet_Camaro.jpg/200px-Chevrolet_Camaro.jpg
The first generation Camero.

...in 1982, the Mall of America opened in Eagan, Minnesota, on the site of the old Metropolitan Stadium. Over 40,000,000 people per year make the pilgrimage to the mecca of shopping. (I love the little cheese store on the top floor, owned by Cheeseheads who also sell Packers merchandise, in the heart of Vikings country!)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a9/Mall_interior.jpg/300px-Mall_interior.jpg
The mall is so large that it houses a
complete amusement park. Formerly
known as Camp Snoopy, it is now the
Nickelodeon Universe.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we ha59XX candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1990, three huge bones, sticking out of a South Dakota cliff, were spotted by fossil hunter, Susan Hendrickson. The bones were part of the largest Tyranasaurus rex ever found. The skeleton was 90% complete and well preserved. The Black Hills Institute of Geological Research paid $5,000 to the landowner for rights to excavate the skeleton. In 1992, a series of lawsuits started over the skeleton, including an army raid that would rival an Indiana Jones movie. (You can read about the heavy-handed federal raid at The Seizure of Sue the T. rex (http://www.wmnh.com/wmssz000.htm).) In 1997, the skeleton was sold at auction to the Field Museum in Chicago, where Sue, as the skeleton was named to honor Hendrickson, went on display in 2000.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/800px-Field_fg05.jpg
Sue at the Field Museum in Chicago. Photo by Fritz Geller-Grimm

...in 1939, the Wizard of Oz had its world premier at Grauman's Chinese Theater in Hollywoo... STOP THE PRESSES!!! NO! It didn't open at Grauman's until August 15th! The Wizard of Oz had its world premiere on this date, at the Strand Theater in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin. MGM was nervous about the amount of money spent on what was viewed as a risky project, and thought the movie might have more grass-roots success if it was launched in small-town America. Oconomowoc (also the home of Ole Evinrude, inventor of the outboard motor) was chosen over several other small cities in America, making it the answer to a trivia question that even movie buffs and most Oconomowoc residents aren't aware of. Local resident, Paul Schultz, owns a home on one of the many lakes that surround Oconomowoc, that used to be a summer home that belonged to Herbert Stothart, who spent every summer there. The rest of the year, Stothart was a composer in Hollywood. He won the Oscar for the background music in The Wizard of Oz.

...in 1908, the first Model T Ford rolled out of the Piquette Avenue plant in Detroit, Michigan. Although the venerable automobile would not go on sale until October 1, the design was perfected and production began. Ford would make 15 million of them between 1908 and 1927. The assembly line would be perfected at the Highland Park plant several years later, and the Tin Lizzie would make Henry Ford a billionaire.

http://www.hfmgv.org/EXHIBITS/showroom/1908/touring.jpg
The 1908 Model T, the Tin Lizzie that
started it all. 15,000,000 flivvers would be
built between 1908 and 1927.
Photo by Henry Ford Museum & Greenfield Village.

...in 1877, Thomas Edison invented the phonograph. On August 13, parents began to complain about the lousy music their kids were listening to.*

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/EdisonPhonograph.jpg/200px-EdisonPhonograph.jpg
Edison's Phonograph circa 1899

Hear the phonograph sell itself here. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Advertising_Record.ogg)

...in 1981, microcomputers took their final step to legitimacy in the the market with the introduction of a microcomputer offering from International Business Machines, known simply as the IBM-PC. Comprised of off-the-shelf parts from outside vendors, including an Intel 8088 processor and an operating system from some kid named Bill Gates, the very expensive computer was rapidly accepted by the Big 8 accounting firms and centralized processing began to go the way of the Model T.

http://oldcomputers.net/pics/ibm5150.jpg
The IBM-PC

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

* - Of course, I made that up but the part about Edison inventing the phonograph is true.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 63 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this day in History...

...in 1961, East German soldiers began construction of a wall that would end up being 96 miles long, directed to do so by the communist government. The Berlin Wall was built to stop the brain drain and defection of thousands of East Germans to the west side. The wall effectively cut off the eastern half of Berlin from the rest of the world. President John F. Kennedy would speak to the West German citizens to show solidarity with their brethren walled into the east by saying, "Ich bin ein Berliner!" Literally translated, the phrase would be "I am a Berliner," meaning "citizen," but by adding the modifier, "ein" what he said was, "I am a jelly doughnut!" The citizens were willing to overlook the grammatical error because of the importance of his speech, but it did cause giggles for many years. Today, with the wall gone, the Checkpoint Charlie Museum shows the melancholy, but not fond, memories of the wall, including displays of the clever methods used to escape East Berlin.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Berlin_Wall_1961-11-20.jpg/180px-Berlin_Wall_1961-11-20.jpg
East German construction workers at
the task of building the Berlin Wall in 1961.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Berlin_Wall_Potsdamer_Platz_November_1975_looking_ east.jpg/180px-Berlin_Wall_Potsdamer_Platz_November_1975_looking_ east.jpg
Berlin Wall in 1975. The still-bombed out buildings
from WWII identify the East German side of the wall. The
stairs are from an abandoned subway station.
Photo by Edward Valachovic, it also appears on Flickr.

http://berlinwall.soaringdevelopment.com/images/tunnelpic1.jpg
A tunnel system was built under the wall, the most effective began in
a cemetery in East Berlin. People carrying flowers would pretend to mourn,
then disappear, never to be seen again in East Berlin. One enterprising family
bought small pieces of nylon fabric over a long period of time, then sewed a
hot air balloon and floated over the wall. 171 people were killed or died
attempting to escape at the Berlin Wall between August 13, 1961 and
November 9, 1989.

...in 1962, President John F. Kennedy promised an "across the board, top to bottom" tax cut for personal and corporate income taxes. In response, the Dow average jumped 6.61 points the next day. The Kennedy administration subscribed to the Keynesian theory of economics, which says that lower taxes increases investing, which in turn, generates more tax revenue. Although the Keynesian tax model proves true over and over again, detractors of the Kennedy plan (and tax cuts in general) claim tax cuts are merely handouts to corporations and the wealthy. Despite the outrage from the usual suspects, the measure passed and $12 billion (a significant amount of money in 1963) was pumped into the economy. (The wealthiest Americans pay the most in income taxes, anyway, with more than 50% of the total federal tax bill paid by the 5% of the population with the highest incomes in the country.)

http://www.historyplace.com/kennedy/jfkpix/misspthp.jpg
''In short, it is a paradoxical truth that tax rates are too high today and
tax revenues are too low - and the soundest way to raise revenues in the
long run is to cut rates now.'' --President John F. Kennedy

...in 1898, William and James Packard visited the automobile factory of Alexander Winton and purchased Winton serial number 12. Packard was not happy with the automobile, so he designed his own car and the Packard Motor Car Company was born. Henry Joy would buy the company a few years later and propel it to prominance in the luxury car field with the slogan, "Ask the man who owns one." (Winton later lost a race to upstart Henry Ford, a race which both ended and began a legend. How different the world might be if Winton had won that race.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/de/HoratioJacksonNelson.jpg/200px-HoratioJacksonNelson.jpg
Dr. Horatio Jackson Nelson drove (http://www.pbs.org/kenburns/films/horatio.html)
his Winton Touring across the country
in 1903, the first driver and automobile to
make the trip. The Packard Brothers were
unhappy with their Winton and began to
build their own car, the Packard. In 1912,
the President of Packard, Henry B. Joy,
would head the Lincoln Highway Association,
building the first highway across the US,
following much of the same route
Dr. Nelson drove in 1903.

...in 1942, Disney's beloved movie, Bambi, premiered at Radio City Music Hall.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b3/Theatrical2.jpg/200px-Theatrical2.jpg
Bambi placed 3rd on the AFI
Top 10 Animated Films list.

...in 1991, the inventor of Hot Wheels and Barbie, Jack Ryan, died at the age of 65. Barbie was the brainchild of Ruth Handler, who was inspired by a German doll named Bild Lilli. Jack Ryan was an engineer for Mattel who took Handler's idea and made it into a production model. It is estimated that over a billion Barbie dolls have been sold and Matel claims 3 Barbies are sold every second. (Her full name is Barbara Millicent Roberts, from the town of Willows, Wisconsin. She attended Willow High School before moving to Manhattan International High School, based on the RL Stuyvesant HS. As with any successful product, she is not without her detractors, who claim that if the 1/6 scale Barbie were extrapolated to real life, she would be 7"2" tall, 39-18-33 and her feet would be so small that she would fall over. (Mattel has since given her breast reduction surgery and increased her waist size.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6e/Barbie_doll_modern.jpg/220px-Barbie_doll_modern.jpg
Barbara Millicent Roberts (1959 - )

...in 1860, in Patterson Township, Ohio, Phoebe Ann Oakley Moses was born. At the age of 8, she took a loaded rifle and steadied it on a porch rail. She shot a squirrel through the head, preserving the body for the stew pot. Billed as Annie Oakley, she performed as a sharpshooter but never dressed nor acted like a man. In fact, she was noted for her skills at embroidery that were equivalent to her skill with a firearm. On Thanksgiving Day, 1876 in Cincinnati, she was paired against a traveling sharp shooter named Frank Butler. She outshot him by one clay pigeon, and the seeds were planted that day. The couple was married the following June. In 1885, they joined Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show, where Chief Sitting Bull named her Watanya Cicilia, Little Sure Shot. In 1921, she was permanently crippled in an auto accident and retired to her native county. Annie Oakley died in 1926 at the age of 66.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Annie_Oakley.jpg/210px-Annie_Oakley.jpg
Annie Oakly (1860-1926)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

CS was not available overnight, so there was a delay in osting today's update. Sorry for any inconvenience. There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 45 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this day in History...

...in 2003, the power grid in the eastern United States failed, causing a major blackout affecting cities in the US and Canada. At 4:10 PM, power plants all over the east shut down within three minutes. Fifty million people were affected in New York, Cleveland, Detroit, Ottawa and Toronto. It took two hours to rescue stranded passengers in subways and elevators that were stopped. Food businesses lost millions of dollars of perishables. Wall Street continued to trade, thanks to generators. Jittery Americans were sure it was a terrorist attack, but it turned out to be tree branches touching transmission lines in Ohio. Blackouts also hit New York City in 1965 and again in 1977, both events inspired movies about the events.

http://www.nassaucountyny.gov/agencies/oem/Images/blackout.jpg
NASA images of the blackout area
before and after the blackout began. It
was the largest blackout in history, at
least, up to that time.

...in 1784, Grigory Shelikov, a Russian fur trader, settled Three Saints Bay on Kodiak Island, Alaska. Alaska had been discovered by Danish explorer, Vitus Bering. Native Aleut populations were decimated by the introduction of European diseases. Russian settlements pushed as far south as Bodega Bay, California but were were driven back to Alaska by the American navy. After the Crimean War, the Russian government was strapped for cash and offered Alaska to the US. Negotiations were stalled by the Civil War, but afterwards, Secretary of State William Seward negotiated a price of two cents an acre. Derided as Seward's Folly and President Johnson's polar bear garden, attitudes toward Alaska changed with the discovery of gold in 1898 and oil in 1967. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed Alaska into the union as the 49th state on January 3, 1959.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Alaska_Purchase_%28hi-res%29.jpg/300px-Alaska_Purchase_%28hi-res%29.jpg
The check that purchased Alaska from Russia in 1867. Secretary of
State William Sewerd brokered the deal for $7.2 million, about 2 cents per acre.
What was derided as Sewerd's Folly became something more interesting
with the discovery of gold in 1898.

...in 1935, FDR signed the Social Security Act. It started out as a way to battle unemployment, but soon became a piggy bank that congress has raided numerous times, leaving it essentially empty.

http://www.ssa.gov/history/pics/fdrvalid.jpg
FDR signs the Social Security Act in 1935 as dignitaries
look on. Included are Rep Robert Doughton (D-NC); Sen. Robert
Wagner (D-NY); Rep. John Dingell, Sr. (D-MI); Unknown man in bowtie;
Secretary of Labor, Frances Perkins; Senator Pat Harrison (D-MS) and
Congressman David L. Lewis (D-MD).

...in 1893, Paris issued the first automobile license plates. The practice did not reach the United States for another decade, but it soon followed and it seems like the plate fee goes up every year. Amazingly, plates were not standardized until 1957. Prior to that, when one moved, one had to drill new holes in the car bumper to mount new plates. In 1957, automakers made agreements with governments and today's 12" x 6" plates were born.

http://licenseplatesusa.com/productimages/license%20plate%20WI101.jpg
Most states use embossed letters on aluminum
with a wide variety of colors.

http://www.15q.net/us2/in04.jpg
In 2004, Indiana began making flat plates
using the 3M flat plate technology.

...in 1980, workers in Gdansk, Poland seized the shipyards and staged a strike, demanding pay raises and the right to form a union without communist control. The strike also brought Lech Walesa to prominence, a key player in ending communist rule in Poland. He became president of Poland in 1990 and served through 1995. Walesa won the Noble Peace Prize in 1983.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Lech_Walesa.jpg/220px-Lech_Walesa.jpg
Lech Walesa, founder of
Solidarity, the first labor
union in the Soviet bloc.

...in 1945, an official announcement was prepared for Emporer Hirohito to announce the unconditional surrender to the Japanese people. The documents had already been submitted to the Allies, but still, a group of zealot soldiers raided the Imperial Palace in an attempt to destroy the documents and prevent the surrender. General Anami committed suicide to atone for the defeat and to not have to listen to the emporer utter the word, "surrender."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Korechika_Anami.jpg/180px-Korechika_Anami.jpg
General Korechika Anami was so
distraught, he committed suicide
rather than hear his emperor use
the word "Surrender."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 75 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1939, the Wizard of Oz opened at Grauman's Chinese Theater in Hollywood. Huge crowds gathered to see the Hollywood elite come to see the hugely anticipated movie classic. The little known fact, however, is that this was not the world premiere. The Wizard of Oz had its world premiere the previous week, on August 12, at the Strand Theater in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin. MGM was nervous about the amount of money spent on what was viewed as a risky project, and thought the movie might have more grass-roots success if it was launched in small-town America. Oconomowoc (also the home of Ole Evinrude, inventor of the outboard motor) was chosen over several other small cities in America, making it the answer to a trivia question that even movie buffs and most Oconomowoc residents aren't aware of.

http://h2one2.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/the-wizard-of-oz.jpg?w=300&h=225
The Cowardly Lion, Scarecrow, Toto, Dorothy and the Tin Man
set off to see the wizard and found everlasting fame instead.

...in 1534, St. Ignatius of Loyola founded the Jesuits in Paris. It grew into the largest male order of the Catholic Church and American college basketball would never be the same.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/St_Ignatius_of_Loyola_%281491-1556%29_Founder_of_the_Jesuits.jpg/180px-St_Ignatius_of_Loyola_%281491-1556%29_Founder_of_the_Jesuits.jpg
St. Ignatius of Loyola (1491 - 1556)
Portrait by Peter Paul Rubens

...in 1899, the head engineer of the main Detroit Edison Company plant in Detroit resigned. The engineer left his stable position to pursue a mad dream of making automobiles, inspired by his successful construction of an automobile in 1896, called "The Quadricycle." Henry Ford would go on to some success in the industry, creating an empire that, at one time, held over 60% of the automobile market.

http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/85/45885-004-A5D4FE73.jpg
A replica of the Detroit Edison plant, from Henry Ford's days of
employment there, is part of the Greenfield Village at The Henry Ford.
Photo by Milt & Joan Mann; CameraMann International

...in 1935, Will Rogers died in a plane crash in Alaska, along with air pioneer, Wiley Post. The beloved humorist was known for his "Aw, shucks" approach to biting political satire and gentle humor. He is quoted as saying, "I never met a man I didn't like," but I know a few he never met. Actually, this mis-quotation was part of a much longer quotation that was taken from the The Saturday Evening Post November 6, 1926 issue where he was talking about Leon Trotsky - of all people. The entire quotation was, "I bet you if I had met him and had a chat with him, I would have found him a very interesting and human fellow, for I never yet met a man that I dident [sic] like. When you meet people, no matter what opinion you might have formed about them beforehand, why, after you meet them and see their angle and their personality, why, you can see a lot of good in all of them." Frankly, I can't think of anything about Leon Trotsky that I could even begin to like. And notice, how the word "yet" is left out of the quotation when you see it. No one knows what caused the fatal crash of Post's airplane but the general concensus is an empty fuel tank.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Rogers-Will-LOC.jpg/225px-Rogers-Will-LOC.jpg
Will Rogers (1879 - 1935)

...in 1969, the Woodstock Music Festival began at Max Yazgur's 600 acre farm, near Bethel, New York. Promoters were not ready for the throng of fans who swarmed the town for the festival, blocking traffic, over-extending emergency services and closing the New York Thruway. The crowd, estimated to be perhaps at large as 500,000 (no one really knows) crashed the gates and flattened fences, staying through rain and mud to see such acts as The Who, Melanie, Arlo Guthrie, Paul Butterfield, Jimi Hendrix, Country Joe and the Fish, Joe Cocker, Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young, Blood Sweat & Tears, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Ten Years After, John Sebastian, Richie Havens, Grateful Dead, Sha-Na-Na and many, many more, a total of 32 acts. The music festival spawned a Joni Mitchell song (a hit for Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young) two albums, one six sided and one four sided, a 1970 documentary film and a new character in Charles Schulz's Peanuts. (Personal note, I was not there but one of my high school classmates was, and she appears in the movie as a bare-chested woman standing above the crowd, waving her hands above her head. Sadly, she passed away at a young age but her image is forever preserved on film.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Woodstock_poster.jpg/250px-Woodstock_poster.jpg
The original movie, which won the Best
Documentary Oscar, was remastered and
is available on DVD.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/woodstock_csg025-1.jpg
Crowds were estimated to be as large as 400,000 and
some said as many as 500,000. I doubt the accuracy of
either number, but there is no doubt that there were far more
people at the festival than anyone imagined or planned on.
Ironically, the only thing connected to Woodstock that made
any money was the film and recordings. The festival's investors
did not invest in either because they never thought there would
be any money in it.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 59 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1956, actor Bela Lugosi died in Hollywood. He was born in Hungary where he practiced his craft on the stage. He came to the United States in 1921 and his heavily accented English landed him the role of Dracula on Broadway in a play of the same name. He reprised the role in the 1931 film Dracula and immediately became typecast. When he died, he had just started to make his last film, Ed Wood's terrible Plan Nine From Outer Space, widely recognized as the worst movie ever made. Wood hired Lugosi to have star draw and Lugosi took the role because he needed the work. He died after shooting one scene, so Wood used the footage anyway and fulfilled Lugosi's character with someone who didn't look at all like Lugosi - like it mattered in that stinker. Lugosi was buried wearing his famous cape.

http://tahuano.com/cosasdelcajon/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/bella.jpg
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/Bela_Lugosi_01.jpg
Bela Lugosi, in, and out, of character.

...in 1948, George Herman "Babe" Ruth died of cancer in New York City. His body lay in state at the main entrance to Yankee Stadium where uncounted thousands of fans stood in line to pay their respects to The Sultan of Swat.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Babe_Ruth2.jpg/256px-Babe_Ruth2.jpg
George Herman "Babe" Ruth
(1895 - 1948)

...in 1920, speaking of baseball, Ray Chapman, shortstop for the Cleveland Indians, was struck on the temple by pitcher Carl Mays of the New York Yankees. Chapman died 12 hours later, the first and only death to occur in baseball as a result of being struck by a pitched ball. Prior to his death, the same ball continued to be used throughout a game. Balls were scuffed and pitchers doctored balls with tobacco juice (and who knows what) making the ball harder to see. After Chapman's death, the spitball was declared illegal and baseballs were replaced more often since white is easier to see. His death was also heralded as the reason batting helmets were needed, although the rule did not go into place for another 30 years. Meanwhile, the frequency of ball replacement, because new balls are tighter and travel further when hit, created power hitters like Babe Ruth. (for more on Chapman's death, see This Day In Sports (http://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/sports/year_in_sports/08.17.html) from the New York Times.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Ray_Chapman_Baseball.jpg
Roy Chapman (1891 - 1920)

...in 1977, as long on we're on such a happy roll here, Elvis Presley died in Memphis, Tennessee at the age of 42. The King of Rock 'n' Roll died of a heart attack, likely caused by his addicition to prescription barbituates. More than 30 years later, he is still mourned, has millions of dedicated fans around the world, and thousands of people still line up to tour Graceland, his mansion in Memphis.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Elvis_Presley_1970.jpg/220px-Elvis_Presley_1970.jpg
Elvis Presley ca. 1970 (1935 - 1977)

...in 1937, Harvard University became the first school to offer graduate studies in traffic engineering and management. If you've ever driven in Boston, you might question the value of the education Harvard is providing.

...in 1896, George Carmack discovered gold, quite by accident while fishing for salmon, in the Klondike River in the Yukon. The last great gold rush was on (did you ever see John Wayne in North To Alaska?) although most of the 50,000 '98'ers found nothing. Jack London found gold in the stories he wrote that are still enjoyed around the world.

http://www.canadianmysteries.ca/sites/klondike/images/site/173498_2.jpg
Yukon Ditch ca. 1905

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 72 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1890, the inventor of cruise control, Ralph R. Teetor was born in Hagerstown, Indiana. He worked at the family business, Light Inspection Car Company which would evolve into Perfect Circle. Teetor had a knack for inventing in spite of being blinded at the age of six, but he never let that bother him at all. At the age of 12, he and his cousin built an automobile, using a engine they rebuilt, machining each part by hand. He graduated in the top third of his class at Pennsylvania and went on to become a a successful engineer, entrepreneur and executive. While riding with his lawyer one day, he tired of the rocking motion caused when the lawyer would speed up and slow down while talking. He was deterimined to invent a speed control, which first appeared in the 1958 Chrysler.

http://www.cruise-in.com/images/ralph-teetor.jpg
Ralph Teetor
(1890 - 1982)

...in 1933, Lou Gehrig stepped in to play his 1,308th consecutive game, a record that would stand for decades and is still admired. Gehrig is arguably the greatest baseball player to ever live, even batting cleanup behind Babe Ruth, meaning Gehrig was a better hitter and bigger star of the two. He started playing for the Yanks in 1923 but saw no action until 1925 when he stepped in to replace Wally Pipp at first base. Pipp never played again, and to this day, when someone has been permanently replaced, they are said to have been, "Pipped." In 1938, his batting average dropped below .300, he started having chronic medical problems and was diagnosed with ALS, now known as "Lou Gehrig's Disease." He retired and was elected to the Hall of Fame in 1939. Gehrig died two years later.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bb/Wally-pipp.jpg/200px-Wally-pipp.jpg
Wally Pipp was actually benched by manager
Miller Huggins who was trying to shake up the lineup.
Pipp was traded to Cincinnati, where he played an
additional 372 games before he retired. Pipp was also
one of the first writers for Sports Illustrated.

...in 1943, the US 7th Army, under the command of controversial General George Patton, arrived in Messina, Sicily. Field Marshall Bernard Montgomery marched his troops into Messina in a parade, expecting to be hailed as the liberator of Messina, only to be greeted by Patton himself. A megalomaniac, Patton designed his own uniforms, carried pearl-handled revolvers as sidearms and claimed to be descended from a long line of military leaders through reincarnation. Despite these quirks, he was a brilliant military strategist and swept through France and Germany like the Germans weren't there. He advocated continuing through Berlin and moving on to Moscow to depose Stalin and conquer communism - which in hindsight, might not have been such a bad idea. Patton owned a Kissel Gold Bug Speedster and had his class rings embedded in the steering wheel. (The car still exists and is in the hands of a collector, it was once owned by my old boss, Wally Rank, in Milwaukee.) He died in Germany on Dec 21, 1945 from injuries sustained in an automobile accident. If you've never seen George C. Scott's brilliant portrayal of him in the film Patton, do yourself a favor and rent it soon.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/patton.jpg
General George S. Patton "Old Blood and Guts" (1885 -1945)

...in 1998, President Bill Clinton testified before a Congressional inquiry - the first sitting President to do so, where he allegedly purjured himself. He would later be impeached for obstruction of justice - the same charge that forced Richard M. Nixon into resignation 25 years earlier - but survived the impeachment proceedings and finished his term. He forever changed the definition of sex. Speaking of...

...in 1892, Mae West was born in Brooklyn. She was a child actor in vaudeville and moved on to Broadway, where she started to write her own material. She became a master of media manipulation, for example, West produced her own show in 1926 about a gigolo, called simply Sex. She was promptly arrested for obscenity, spending 10 days in jail. She continued to play cat and mouse with censors and scored a hit in 1928 with Diamond Lil. In Hollywood, her rivalry with W.C. Fields is the stuff of legend - they hated each other - and the chemistry between them made screen magic. Her signature line, "Why don't you come up and see me sometime," was a cleaned up version of the real line where she said her legs were named "Christmas" and "New Year's" and something about visiting her between the holidays. West became a star and, quietly, a successful screen writer, and was one of the highest paid women in the United States.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Annex-WestMaeGoWestYoungMan_01.jpg
Mary Jane "Mae" West (1893- 1980)

That's it. That's all we know as of 1:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 63 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1977, the oldest of Minnie's Boys passed away at the age of 87. Groucho Marx and his brothers, Chico, Harpo, Gummo and Zeppo performed together on the Vaudeville circuit, moving on to Broadway in the 1920's. (Groucho's uncle was Al Shean, of Gallagher and Shean fame.) Their most popular Broadway show, The Coconuts, was filmed in 1929 and started a string of movies like Duck Soup, At The Races, At The Circus and Animal Crackers. Groucho is probably best remembered for his role as the quizmaster in the long running You Bet Your Life, but to me, I'll always remember him as Capt. Geoffrey T. Spaulding, Mr. Hammer, Professor Quincy Adams Wagstaff, Rufus T. Firefly, J. Cheever Loophole (a lawyer, of course) S. Quentin Quale and Dr. Hugo T. Hackenbush. (The character was supposed to be "Quackenbush" but when a studio researcher found out there was a real life Dr. Quackenbush, the name was changed to avoid lawsuits. Groucho introduced Johnny Carson as the new host of The Tonight Show in 1962.

You can see a lot of the Marx insanity at YouTube, like Hello, I Must Be Going (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jCvz8y_DUSY&feature=related) and the number that became his theme song, Hooray For Captain Spaulding! in a scene from Animal Crackers. You can also see Lydia, the Tattooed Lady (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n4zRe_wvJw8). One of the funniest bits ever put on film is the Mirror Sequence (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YUZ1hjn_9Ds) from Duck Soup. This had to have taken an incredible amount of rehearsing, blocking and choreography to pull it off. Enjoy!

By the way, the country portrayed in Duck Soup was Freedonia. The city of Fredonia, New York wrote to complain, and asked that all references to Freedonia be taken out of the film as "...you are ruining our reputation." Groucho, himself wrote back and told them to change the name of their town. "You're ruining our film!"

Groucho was also a philosopher with such gems as, "Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana," and "Outside of a dog, a book is man's best friend. Inside of a dog, it's too dark to read."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Groucho_Marx.jpg/220px-Groucho_Marx.jpg
Julius Henry "Groucho" Marx

...in 1958, Humbert Humbert finally sees the light of day as Putnam publishes Vladimir Nabokov's controversial novel, Lolita. If you haven't read it, well, we're not going to talk about it here.

...in 1905, an attorney named Newell S. Wright filed to register the famous crest as the trademark of Cadillac Motor Company. The crest was adapted from the family crest of the car's name sake, Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, the founder of Detroit. complete with the merlettes, a bird related to the duck. You may recall Cindy Crawford in the ill-fated Catera ad campaign, "The Caddy that zigs" when she interacted with an animated duck...er...merlette that came off the logo. The Catera would later be beefed up and was going to be marketed as the Catera CTS until someone at GM figured out that spelled "cateracts" so the name was dropped to become the CTS.

http://farm1.static.flickr.com/24/43655807_a46d727e81.jpg
The original shield included the merlettes
that have since morphed into stylized bars.

...in 1992, Wang Laboratories filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Wang was founded in 1951 by a brilliant man, born in China but educated at Harvard, Dr. An Wang, The company dominated a market for a new device called a "word processor" that changed the face of American business. Dr. Wang invented ferrite core memory, and sold it to IBM in 1954 for $500,000.00 and an undisclosed amount of IBM stock. He also signed a 20 year non-compete clause. Wang Labs sold calculators and other electronic devices until 1974, when the non-compete agreement terminated, and Wang entered the mini computer market as a major player. When Dr. Wang died, he was on the list (along with Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard) of top ten wealthiest Americans. When Dr. Wang died, he held the largest individual block of stock of Wang Labs, but also the largest individual block of stock of IBM.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/_AN_WANG.gif
Dr. An Wang (1920 - 1990)

...in 1920, the 19th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified by Tennessee, giving it the two-thirds majority of states it needed to be enacted as part of the Constitution. Known as the "Women's Suffrage" the Amendment guarantees women the right to vote in all states. It took 82 years for the women's suffrage movement to get the Amendment made into law.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 52 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 2008, a statue of fictional character, Arthur 'Fonzie' Fonzarelli better known as, "The Fonz" was unveiled in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, along the Riverwalk. The actor who played the character, Henry Winkler, was on hand along with several co stars of the old television series, Happy Days. While there is a lot of hoopla surrounding the event, some of us remember that The Fonz is also the source of the derrogatory phrase, "Jump the shark," referring to the episode where Fonzie jumped over a shark while water skiing. The show quickly deteriorated and was cancelled shortly therafter. To this day, the point of the begining of the end of anything, especially a television series, is known as "Jumping the Shark (http://www.jumptheshark.com/index.jspa)."

http://www.bagofnothing.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/bonimage001fonzebronze.jpg
"The Fonz in Bronze." Whoopie.

...in 1909, the very first race was held at the Indianapolis Speedway. The concept was the brainchild of Carl G. Fisher, an entrepreneuer, auto enthusiast, founder of the Lincoln Highway and Dixie Highway, and the developer of Miami Beach. The first Indianapolis 500 race was held on Memorial Day on 1911 and has been held every year since, except for 1917-18 and 1942-45 when the United States was involved in the World Wars. It is the largest attended sporting event in the country. The track was paved with 3.2 million paving bricks, earning the name, "The Brickyard." Now paved over, the bricks are all covered except for a strip, three feet wide, that serves as the start/finish line.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Carl_G_Fisher_1909.jpg/180px-Carl_G_Fisher_1909.jpg
Carl G. Fisher

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/Starting-line-at-the-Indianapolis-motor-speedway-1985.JPG/180px-Starting-line-at-the-Indianapolis-motor-speedway-1985.JPG
The "Brickyard"'s "Yard of Bricks." The original, exposed, brick paving,
three feet wide, remains visible as the start/finish line.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ims_aerial.jpg/300px-Ims_aerial.jpg
The Indianapolis Motor Speedway was the first facility to use the
term "speedway" in its name. At one time, a nine-hole golf course was
located in the middle of the track, part of a 27-hole layout. It has been
changed to an 18-hole course with 4 holes in the infield, and it has hosted
both PGA and LPGA tournaments in the past.

...in 1812, the US Navy frigate, Constitution entered a battle with the British frigate Guerriere off the coast of Nova Scotia. Claims were made by witnesses that said the British cannonballs bounced off the sides as if the ship were made of iron, earning the nickname, Old Ironsides. When she reached the end of her serivce life and deemed unseaworthy, she was set to be scrapped in 1830, but public outcry forced the navy to restore the ship and use the Constitution as a training vessel and for public displays. Old Ironsides was built in 1798 (with copper fittings and bolts manufactured by Paul Revere) and today the USS Constitution is the oldest commissioned warship in the world.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/USS_Constitution_vs_Guerriere.jpg
The USS Constitution defeated
the HMS Guerriere and since cannon
balls seemed to bounce from the ship, she
became known as Old Ironsides. The
USS Constitution is still an official
US Navy warship, the oldest commissioned
vessel, still afloat, in the world.

...in 1934, the first All-American Soap Box Derby was rolled out in Dayton, Ohio. The race was moved to Akron because it has more hills than Dayton and the race is for gravity powered cars. The race is still held every year for contestants aged 9-16, piloting home built cars.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Ohio-Akron-Soap_Box_Derby_track.jpg/581px-Ohio-Akron-Soap_Box_Derby_track.jpg
The "Derby Downs" in Akron, Ohio has been the location of the
Soap Box Derby Championship since the late 1930s. The track was
built in 1936 as a Works Progress Administraion (WPA) project.

...in 1951, the shortest man to ever play major league baseball came to the plate for Bill Veeck's St. Louis Browns, in one of the most bizarre stunts Veeck ever pulled. Bill Veeck, Jr. grew up in baseball, his father owned the Chicago Cubs. The last thing he did before leaving the Cubs, to buy the Milwaukee Brewers, was to plant the ivy on the outfield wall of Wrigley Field. (The Brewers was a minor league club in those days.) He sold the Brewers at a profit and bought the Cleveland Indians, putting play-by-play on the radio and devising promotions to attract an amazing 2.6 million fans in 1948. Veeck signed Larry Doby, the first African-American in the American League, shortly after Jackie Robinson broke into the National League. He was forced to sell the club to finance a divorce, and bought the lackluster St. Louis Browns. In the bottom of the first inning of a game against the Tigers, Veeck sent Ed Gaedel in to bat. Gaedel was 3'7" and Tigers pitcher, Bob Cain, promptly threw four pitches over his head. With the crowd roaring with laughter, Gaedel trotted to first base, in his first and last at-bat. Veeck was a visionary, a proponent of revenue sharing and he saw how big television would be. He had peg leg as a result of a war injury and often quipped, "The only thing I fear it termites."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Gaedel.jpg
Ed Gaidel in his only Major League at-bat.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 66 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 66 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).
On This Day In History...

...in 1920, Jim Thorpe and a group of enthusiasts met at the Jordan and Humpmobile showroom in Canton, Ohio, to create the American Professional Football Conference, which would evolve into the National Football League. Thorpe was an international hero, having won the gold medal in the decathalon at the 1912 Stockholm Olympics, he played for John McGraw's New York Giants (baseball) team and he was a huge draw for the Canton Bulldogs football team. The league was formed by the Canton Bulldogs, the Akron Pros, Cleveland Indians and Dayton Tigers. In Decatur, Illinois, George Hallas was building the Decatur Staleys before he moved them to Chicago to become the Bears and Curley Lambeau was building his Acme Packers in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The teams would join the new league the next season. Canton and Akron are out of the league, in fact, Green Bay is the last small market team left. The Bears - Packers rivalry is the oldest, bitterest and most storied in the NFL.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/30/Massillon-canton_game_2.jpg/300px-Massillon-canton_game_2.jpg
Canton vs. Massillon, November 24, 1906. While the pro teams are
gone from the neighboring communities, the intense football rivalry
continues between them to this day. The Canton Bulldogs was one of
the founding teams of today's NFL.

...in 1968, approximately 200,000 Warsaw Pact (girls and boys, can you spell S-O-V-I-E-T U-N-I-O-N?) troops and 5,000 tanks invaded Czechoslavakia to crush the brief rebellion called "Prague Spring" when citizens tried to liberate themselves from communism. In an eerie precursor to the 2007 Russian invasion of Georgia, Soviet Premier Leonid Breznev warned the Czechs that an invasion was imminent if the revolt did not stop, then invaded anyway. (It is true, folks, those who do not know history are doomed to repeat it.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/51/Praga1968MolotovCoctail.jpg/180px-Praga1968MolotovCoctail.jpg
Prague during the 1968
Prague Spring rebellion.

...in 1833, Benjamin Harrison was born in North Bend, Ohio, one of seven Presidents that were born in Ohio. Politics was the family business, his great-granfather and namesake was a governor of colonial Virginia and his grandfather, William Henry Harrison, had the distinction of having the shortest term as POTUS - dying of pnuemonia two days after giving a long inaugural speech. Benjamin served as a general in the Civil War, then was elected Senator from Indiana. In 1888, he was elected the 23rd President over the incumbent, Grover Cleveland. Harrison signed the Sherman Anti-Trust Act in 1889, setting the stage for breaking up monopolies, he signed the Dependent Pension Act in 1890, providing benefits to disabled veterans and the McKinley Tarriff, intended to protect American trade. Cleveland came back to reclaim the Presidency in 1892, making Harrison the filling of what was called the Cleveland Sandwich. His administration was the first to have a budget to reach $1 Billion. Oh, for the good old days.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Benjamin_Harrison%2C_head_and_shoulders_bw_photo%2 C_1896.jpg/225px-Benjamin_Harrison%2C_head_and_shoulders_bw_photo%2 C_1896.jpg
Benjamin Harrison (1833-1901)
He is the only President elected
from Indiana.

...in 1964, President Lyndon Johnson declared War on Poverty by signing a bill that would spend billions of dollars over the next 4-1/2 decades. Whether the War on Poverty was successful or not depends on who you ask (pretty evenly divided along party lines) but either way, we're still pouring lots of money into the programs and poverty is still with us.

...in 1953, the Soviet Union admitted it had detonated a Hydrogen Bomb. Dubbed Joe4 by the United States, it was not a true h-bomb but the successful test led to the first Soviet detonation of a true hydrogen bomb, UST-37, in 1955. All Soviet tests were made at the Semipalatinsk Test Site, in Kazakhastan, not far from the China border. (The first successful Soviet test of a nuclear weapon, dubbed Joe1 by the United States, was detonated in 1949.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/33/Rsd_37_nuclear_test.JPG/300px-Rsd_37_nuclear_test.JPG
RDS-37 detonated in 1955

...in 1911, the New York Times sent a cablegram around the world in 16-1/2 minutes, an incredible speed for the era. Speaking of messages sent...

...in 1977, Voyager II was launched, carrying messages recorded on a record album for anyone in the universe to hear. No reply has been received, probably because no one has turntables anymore. (It's a joke, folks.) Voyager sent back some stunning photos of the solar system. Communications sure came a long way in 76 years!

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Voyager.jpg/300px-Voyager.jpg
Voyager 2 in Mock-up

http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/images/saturn/7.jpg
Voyager 2 sent back this stunning photo of the rings of Saturn. You can view this
and other images sent back by Voyager 2 at the JPL website (http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/GPN-2000-001976.jpg/180px-GPN-2000-001976.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/GPN-2000-001978.jpg/180px-GPN-2000-001978.jpg
The Golden Record and the cover aboard Voyager 2

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 80 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1959, President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the proclamation that admitted Hawaii into the union.

http://www.eisenhower.archives.gov/Research/Digital_Documents/Hawaii/77-18-1154.jpg

...in 1858, the first of a series of monumental debates was held between Senator Stephan Douglas and Abraham Lincoln. The debates were held during a campaign for Douglas' Senate seat. Democrat Douglas believed every state should have the right to allow slavery, while Republican Lincoln spoke out against the spread of slavery. Lincoln lost the election but the debates brought him to national attention. In 1860, Lincoln won the Republican nomination for President, Douglas was the candidate for a deeply split Democrat party. The two opponents also faced Southern Democrat John C. Breckenridge and Constitutional Union candidate John Bell. Lincoln won the election, with the vote split four ways, he only had 40% of the vote but it was enough for Lincoln to become the first Republican President. Seven southern states threatened to leave the Union if Lincoln were elected, sort of like Alec Baldwin threatening to leave the United States if George W. Bush were elected. Unlike Baldwin, who never followed through, the seven southern states seceded by the time Lincoln was inaugurated. While the Civil War raged, Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation, ending slavery in the United States.

http://www.nps.gov/liho/historyculture/images/debatemap.jpg
The seven debates were held in
seven towns in Illinois during the
campaign.

...in 1903, the first cross country automobile race was completed when Tom Fetch and M.C. Karrup, diring Packard Model F's, arrived in San Francisco, after leaving New Yokr City 51 days earlier. Horatio Nelson Jackson had already made the first cross country trip in the Spring of 1903, by driving a used Winton from San Francisco to New York. 1903 was a big year for the industry, as Buick, Ford, Cadillac and Harley-Davidson all began to manufacture their products.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/1903-packard-car-18312.jpg
A 1903 Packard in the Packard
National Museum in Dayton, Ohio. An
image of "Old Pacific," the car referenced
in the story, is in the University of Michigan
Library Special Collections but the image is
not currently available.

...in 1863, the sack of Lawrence, Kansas took place. The raid was made by Quantrill's Raiders, an army of outlaws that was sympathetic to the Confederate states. The Civil War in Kansas and Missouri was not like the eastern war, with organized armies under the command of elected officials. The frontier was was a guerilla war with partisan bands of citizens attacking each other, like the army of William Quantill. In early August, Union General Thomas Ewing arrested the wives and daughters of the men in Quantrill's Raiders. On August 14, five of the women died when the building, in which they were being held, collapsed. Quantill attacked Lawrence, a center of abolitionism in Kansas. Quantrill's Raiders, including Frank and Jesse James and the Younger Brothers, dragged over 200 men and boys, as young as 7, out of their homes and, in front of their families, massacred them all in cold blood. They set 185 buildings ablaze then headed for Missouri with the Union cavalry in hot pursuit. The incident only served to promote more killing by both sides along the Missouri-Kansas border. (Quantrill was killed by Union forces in Kentucky in May of 1865, but the Raiders continued on, well after the war, when it evolved into the James-Younger Gang.) Jesse James, living under the name of Howard, was shot in the back in 1882. Frank James turned himself in, and his trial, ironically, began on this same date in 1883. Missourians were unwilling to convict the folk hero, and he was aquitted. He lived quietly for another 32 years.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/quantrill-raiders-1500.jpg
This depiction of Quantrill's Raiders sacking a western town was drawn by the famous Thomas Nast.
It first appeared in Harper's Weekly in the September 27, 1862 edition. Nast drew his representation
based on written reports of raids that had been published in several newspapers in the territory.

...in 2004, an American swimmer, Michael Phelps, won his eigth medal at the Athens Olympics. He came home with 6 gold and 2 bronze medals. Of course, he would go on to win 8 more gold medals in Beijing in 2008. His total of 16 Olympic medals is stunning but 14 gold medals is the most won by any Olympian.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Phelpsbeijing.jpg/210px-Phelpsbeijing.jpg
Michael Phelps

...in 1911, the theft of the Mona Lisa from the Louvre in Paris was discovered. Vincenzo Peruggia had walked into the Louvre, removed the painting from the frame and casually left the museum with it under his clothes. It was felt the theft had to be amateur as professional thieves knew it would be impossible to sell, and sure enough, two years later, Peruggia offered to sell the painting to the Uffizi Gallery in Florence and the painting was displayed all over Italy before the Mona Lisa was returned, unharmed, in 1913. The painting has been the target of numerous attacks and today is displayed behind security glass to protect it.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Mona_Lisa_stolen-1911.jpg
"Well, she was here yesterday!" It took museum officials
several hours to verify that the painting was, in fact, missing.
Peruggia was an Italian patriot and thought the painting should
be returned to its home in Italy.

...in 1920, Daphne Milne gave birth to a son named Christopher Robin. When he was 1, he recieved a stuffed bear as a gift, along with several other stuffed animals. His father, Alan Alexander Milne, had published a hit play which allowed the family to move to Cotchford Farm in Sussex, near a forest that would later become famous as the 100 Acre Wood. using Christopher Robin and his stuffed toys as models an inspriation, A.A. Milne wrote Winne-The-Pooh in 1926 and The House On Pooh Corner in 1928. Christopher Robin did not like the books in later life, and he was estranged from his parents. He was angry with his father, because Christopher viewed his father's work as exploiting children and equally angry with his mother, over her dislike of his bride, Lesley Sélincourt. (Sélincourt was his first cousin, the daughter of his mother's brother, writer Aubrey de Sélincourt.) It gets worse, but we don't want to spoil the memory of the grand books.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/The_original_Winnie_the_Pooh_toys.jpg/180px-The_original_Winnie_the_Pooh_toys.jpg
Kanga, Winnie, Eeyore, Tigger
and Piglet on display at the
New York Public Library.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 103ac candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1864, the International Red Cross was founded in Geneva, at the Geneva Convention of 1864 for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick of Armies in the Field. (See why it's referred to as "The Geneva Convention"?) The 12 nations meeting there accepted a plan by Swiss humanitarian Jean-Henri Dunant, to provide non-partisan care for sick and wounded in time of war. In honor of his nationality, the chosen symbol was a red cross on a white background, the reverse image of the Swiss flag. All medical personel and medical supplies are marked with the red cross. (Most countries subscribe to the Geneva Convention, but not every country does.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/RedCross.gif

...in 1485, the Battle of Bosworth Field brought an end to the War of the Roses, when King Richard III was defeated and killed by Henry Tudor. Richard had worn his crown into the battle. After his death, the crown was retrieved from a bush and placed on Henry's head, starting the Tudor dynasty that would stand until Queen Elizabeth died in 1603. The war was between two royal families, one used the Red Rose of Lancaster as a symbol, the other the White Rose of York. While the war did not effect the common population, it didn't do much for the royal families that lost many members. In 1486, King Henry VII married Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV, uniting the houses and bringing the War of the Roses to a formal end.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Yorkshire_rose.svg/200px-Yorkshire_rose.svg.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Lancashire_rose.svg/200px-Lancashire_rose.svg.png
The White Rose of the House of York and the Red Rose of the House of Lancaster.

...in 1989, The Ryan Express recorded his 5,000th strikeout while pitching for the Texas Rangers, the first pitcher in Major League history to do so. Lynn Nolan Ryan, Jr. would go on to record an incedable 5,714 career strikeouts. In high school, his reputation for a fastballer attracted the attention of Red Murff of the Mets, launching a memorable and sparkling career. On this date, in the 5th inning of a game against the Texas Rangers, Ryan faced Rickey Henderson. He struck him out on a 96 mph fastball. A video taped message of congratulations played at the end of the 5th inning, from President George H.W. Bush. Future President, George W. Bush was the owner of the Rangers at that time. Henderson said, "It was an honor to be the 5,000th." Davey Lopes said, "If he ain't struck you out, you ain't nobody." He was inducted to the Hall of Fame in memorable class of 1999, along with Robin Yount, George Brett and Orlando Cepeda.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Nolan_Ryan_in_Atlanta_close-up.jpg/200px-Nolan_Ryan_in_Atlanta_close-up.jpg
The Ryan Express in 1983

...in 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt went for a ride in an automobile, the first chief executive to do so. He not afraid to face the new, bold, courageous and talented. He wrote 40 books, took over the failed French attempt to build the Panama Canal and won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to end the Russo-Japanese War. His cousin, Franklin Roosevelt, would follow in his footsteps as President 25 years later, and would be the first president to ride in an airplane. (FDR was a Democrat, Theodore was a Republican.)

...in 1950, Althea Gibson was accepted into the United States Lawn Tennis Association annual tournament at Forest Hills, New York, the first African-American to compete in the national competition. She was a natural, but was relegated to play in the American Tennis Association, formed in 1916 by black players as an alternative to the all white USLTA. She won the first of 10 straight ATA championships in 1947. She traveled with the Harlem Globetrotters, playing tennis at halftime in games and she even went on the pro golf tour in the 1960's. Gibson cleared the way for African-American tennis players much as Jackie Robinsion paved the way for African-American baseball players.

https://layton.wikispaces.com/file/view/Althea_Gibson_1.jpg
Althea Gibson in action.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

Merry Klischmas, Jim!

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 74 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1926, Rodolfo Guglielmi died in New York of an infection, caused by a ruptured ulcer. 100,000 mourners, most of them women, lined the street outside his funeral. Better known by his stage name, Rudolph Valentino, he was was moviedom's first male sex symbol. Each year, on this day, a mysterious woman in black visited the tomb and left a single red rose. While no one really knows for sure, the lady in black was most likely Ditra Flame. Valentino had visited her when she was 14 and deathly ill, and he left her a red rose. She kept up the tradition for 30 years, and stopped when too many imitators ruined the effect. He is still mourned 82 years later.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a2/Valentino_Ayres.jpg
Rudolph Valentino as Shiek Ahmed and
Agnes Ayres as Lady Diana in the
192 film, The Shiek. The film, made
by Famous Lasky Pictures (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-may-8-2009-a-52395/), made him
into an international sex symbol.

...in 1922, the first South Sea England Speed Carnival was held, the race was won by a car with the unlikely name of "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang." The unusual name stuck with Ian Fleming, best remembered as the author of the James Bond novels. He wrote a book about a magical car, using the magical name that he remembered, "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang." The book was made into a movie of the same name, with Dick Van Dyke in the lead...not as the car, though.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ac/Chitty3.jpg
Chitty Chitty Bang Bang lands in Vulgaria.

...in 1979, the Bolshoi Ballet of the Soviet Union lost their premier dancer when Aleksandr Godunov defected in New York City. His wife returned home to the Soviet Union with the company, but Godunov went on to a career in America before he died in 1993. What kind of a dancer was he? Well, I guess whatever he did, he was Godunov.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a1/Alexander_Godunov.jpg
Alexander Godunov (1949-1995)

...in 1814, Dolley Madison, First Lady to James Madison, saved the portrait of George Washington, in the White House, from the advancing British Troops during the War of 1812. She abandoned the White House, where the British Army dined on food supplies before burning the Presidential mansion. For this, she received the reward of having snack cakes named after her and no, the British soldiers did not finish their meal in the White House by eating Zingers (http://www.dollymadison.com/).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Dolley-madison.jpg/200px-Dolley-madison.jpg
Dolley Madison (1768-1849)
Yes, her name is spelled Dolley.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/ca/DMadison.jpg/200px-DMadison.jpg
A very early photograph, with
Dolley Madison as the subject.

...in 1902, Miss Farmer's School of Cookery opened in Boston. Miss Fannie Farmer was born in 1857 near Boston. She suffered a stroke as a teenager that left her homebound and with a permanent limp. Unable to finish high school as a result, she attended the Boston School of Cooking in her 30's and became a principal. In 1896, the same year Henry Ford built his first car, Fannie Farmer published her first cook book, The Boston Cooking School Cookbook and she advocated accurate measure of ingredients. She left the school to open her own school. She was also an advocate of nutrition for the sick, and worked to convince doctors that good nutrition was part of recovery. She published Food and Cookery for the Sick and Convalescent. She died at the age of 57 in 1915, but the Fannie Farmer Cookbook lives on, and is still in print. (And here you thought "Fannie Farmer" was just a name on a candy box.)

http://g-ecx.images-amazon.com/images/G/01/ciu/3a/cb/47f0810ae7a01a024d180210.L.jpg
Miss Farmer's first cookbook.
(Yes, it's a reprint.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 63 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this day in History...

...in 79, Mount Vesuvius erupted, completely engulfing the city of Pompeii. The cloud of ash that settled over the city preserved everything, including the people who died in the disaster. While the site has been looted over the years, it is felt that over villages, inundated by the volcano, remain undiscovered.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Pompeii_Garden_of_the_Fugitives_02.jpg
While excavating the site of Pompeii, archealogists found voids in the ash that were
formed by decaying bodies that had been captured in the flow. Plaster casts were
made by injecting plaster into the voids. Today, resins are used instead of plaster, revealing
the last moments of the citizens of Pompeii and Herculaneum who could not escape.

...in 1814, British Troops set fire to the White House, during the War of 1812. President James Madison had left the White House on the 22nd to meet with his generals, and Dolley Madison fled later in the day, after making sure the painting of George Washington had made it to safety. They were able to return two days later, but never lived in the White House again. Not until 1817 would a President live in the reconstructed White House, President James Monroe.

...in 1945, the last M-24 tank was produced by Cadillac, the last of the war effort by this most noble division of General Motors. Some people say it was the last tank produced by Cadillac, however, anyone who has ever been close to a 1959 Sedan De Ville might take issue with that statement.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/M24-Chaffee-latrun-1.jpg/300px-M24-Chaffee-latrun-1.jpg http://www.classiccaddies.com/images/DSCN5200.JPG
1945 M-24 & 1959 Sedan de Ville - which is the tank? Speaking of automobiles...

...in 1967, Henry J. Kaiser passed on in Hawaii. He was 85, and left a legacy as the owner of a construction company, shipyard, Kaiser Aluminum, an airplane company and an autombile company that we founded with Joseph Frazer. His construction company was a part of the consortium that built the Hoover Dam, Bonneville Dam, Grand Coulee Dam and the footings for the San Francisco Bay Bridge. Kaiser-Frazer was formed in 1945 from the remains of Graham-Paige Automobile Company, and they started building cars in the war surplus plant in Willow Run, Michigan, where Ford Motor Company mass produced B-24 bombers. Henry J Kaiser forsaw a time when people would demand a smaller car than the tanks Detroit was building, and the Henry J was a compact car before anyone knew what a compact car was. They also built and sold Jeeps and the Kaiser-Darren, a sleek, sexy sports car that is still good looking. Kaiser-Frazer folded in 1955, but the Kaiser name lives on in several places, including the Kaiser Convention Center in Oakland, California.

http://files.conceptcarz.com/img/Kaiser/54_Kaiser_Darrin_BY_05_MDB_02.jpg
1954 Kaiser Darren

...in 1938, Rhett Butler found a way to the screen when Clark Gable, reluctantly, signed to play the part. He was afraid that any actor in the shade of David O. Selnick would have an impossible task to play Butler to Selznick's approval. Gable was born in Cadiz, Ohio, (where his home has been reproducedby the Clark Gable Foundation (http://www.clarkgablefoundation.com/index.html)) and he worked in an Akron tire factory at the age of 14. He was an oil driller, lumberjack, salesman and Broadway actor before he caught on in Hollywood. Of course, he played Butler with great success and also won an Oscar for It Happened One Night. He had a storybook marriage with Carole Lombard in 1939, the beautiful actress from Fort Wayne, Indiana, until her death in a plane crash in 1942 during a war bond drive. Gable died of a heart attach in 1960.

http://strattonhouse.com/images/clark_gable.jpg
Clark Gable

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 64 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1835, the first of a series of six articles, describing a fantasic array of life on the moon, was published by the New York Sun. The articles were written by Dr. Andrew Grant, claiming to be a colleague of Sir John Hirschel who had built an observatory in South Africa in 1834. The articles described purple pyramids, two-legged beavers, unicorns and lush vegitation. Of course, there really was a Sir John Hirschel who really did build a South African observatory but there never was a Dr. Andrew Grant and the whole thing was a hoax to sell newspapers. (The author was thought to be Richard A. Locke, a reporter for the paper, but he never owned up to it and to this day, no one really knows.) Of course, the second great moon hoax, according to some skeptics anyway, is that the United States never went to the moon and all the moon landings, supporting data and photographs were faked. Um, sure, okay. After all, if a man really went to the moon, he would have brought back a unicorn.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Great-Moon-Hoax-1835-New-York-Sun-lithograph-298px.jpg/350px-Great-Moon-Hoax-1835-New-York-Sun-lithograph-298px.jpg
Somehow, Neil Armstrong and the other Apollo astronauts
missed this society that populated the moon, at least, according
to "Dr. Andrew Grant" and the New York Sun.

...in 1926, Beau Geste was released, this was the silent classic with William Powell. The movie was remade three times, well, four if you count a television mini-series, well, five if you count Marty Feldman's The Last Remake of Beau Geste which was a satirical send-up of the story. William Powell made the Thin Man serie of movies with Myrna Loy but he was also known as being married to Carole Lombard and for being engaged to the protoypical blonde bombshell, Jean Harlow before she died at the age of 26. Gary Cooper was in the 1926 version and starred in the 1939 remake.

http://www.qwipster.net/lastremake.jpg

...in 1910, the Yellow Cab Company was formed in Chicago by Walden W. Shaw and John D. Hertz. It was so popular that the concept was franchised throughout the country. He went on to buy a small rental company and rename it the Hertz Drive-Ur-Self Coporation. Both companies went on to some success...

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/JohnHertz1899.jpg/150px-JohnHertz1899.jpg
John D. Hertz (1879 - 1961)

...in 1984, Truman Capote died in the home of Joanna Carson, the fourth wife of Johnny Carson. Capote was a well known character in New York, and often said. "There has never been anyone like me and there will never be anyone like me again." After writing Other Voices, Other Rooms and Breakfast at Tiffany's he became interested in a brutal murder in western Kansas. On November 15, 1959, two men invaded the home of Herbert Clutter, where they murdred Mr. Clutter and his entire family. Capote went to Kansas with his childhood friend, Harper Lee (who would later write To Kill A Mockingbird) where he investigated the murders. Capote wrote the story and claimed it to be the first non-fiction novel. It is regarded as his very best and greatest work.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/trumancapotenewsweek.jpg
Truman Capote

...in 1819, the world's best known detective, a real life detective and not a fictional Sherlock Holmes, was born. Allan Pinkerton formed the agency that bore his name, it investigated and solved several train robberies. Pinkerton went on to guard President Lincoln, thwarting at least one assassination attempt on Mr. Lincoln. Pinkerton's activity was the forerunner of the Secret Service. The reputation of his agency was later tarnished when it became involved in union-busting and strike breaking. The Pinkerton Detective Agency still exists as a subsidiary of Securitas AB, and the term "Pinkerton" saw wide use as slang for "detective" and in labor circles, "Pinkerton" became derrogatory slang for union busters.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Pinkerton_allan_late_harpers.jpg/180px-Pinkerton_allan_late_harpers.jpg
An 1887 portrait of Pinkerton,
published in Harper's Weekly.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 53 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1939, the first baseball game was broadcast on television, with the play-by-play performed by Red Barber. The broadcast was beamed into the New York World' Fair, as there were very few television receivers at that time.

...in 1985, Malcom Bricklin began to import the Yugo to America. The car was basically a 1965 Fiat that was assembled in Soviet Bloc Yugoslavia. Time Magazine said, "It had the feeling of something assembled at gunpoint." Voted as one of the worst 50 cars ever made, it was unreliable and parts would just fall off. It became the brunt of numerous jokes, such as the standard equipment, rear-window defroster served to keep your hands warm when you pushed it. A guy goes into a parts store and says, "I'd like a gas cap for a Yugo." The counterman thinks for a moment and replies, "Sounds like a fair trade for me." Speaking of...

http://i539.photobucket.com/albums/ff356/Goran_yugo/ALIM0121.jpg
What do you call a Yugo with dual exhaust?
A wheelbarrow.

...in 1957, the first Edsels were produced by Ford Motor Company. The car was named for Henry Ford's only child, Edsel Bryant Ford, who deserved a better memorial. The Edsel had the stars stacked against it, being introduced as the country was going into a recession, it was built on the same assembly line as the Ford and autoworkers hated it, and consumers who craved such a car in 1955 had changed their minds by 1958. Only 110,847 were made, making the car a collector item, expescially the 1960 model of which very few were made.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/1958_Edsel_Red_Cv_ad.jpg
The 1958 Edsel featured the controversial
"Horsecollar" grill that was softened in 1959.

http://i169.photobucket.com/albums/u226/RichmondM/edsel.jpg
1959 Edsel

http://i172.photobucket.com/albums/w39/quebecautoantique/EdselcorsairPrototype1960.jpg
1960 Edsel Prototype. The grill looks suspiciously like the front end
design used by Pontiac throughout the 1960s and into the 1970s.

...in 1957, the Soviet Union claimed to have successfully tested an ICBM, an Intercontinental Ballistic Missile, capable of delivering a nuclear payload to anywhere in the United States. The announcement startled the United States, and coupled with the successful launch of Sputnik, the concept of a "missile gap" became foremost in America's mind. Senator John F. Kennedy made it a major plank in his platform to be elected President. As President, JFK accelerated the US space and missile program, announcing a plan to successfully land a man on the moon and safely return him to earth, and to do so by 1970.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/russia-r7-icbm-bg.jpg
The Soviet R-7 missile launch in 1957
ignited the space race and escalated the
Cold War. Versions of the R-7 carried
Russian Cosmonauts to many space
exploration firsts.

...in 1968, the Deomcrat National Convention opened in Chicago. There was a bitter battle inside over the Viet Nam platform, but outside, a major police/protestor riot errupted. The violence found its way into the convention hall with delegates and television news crews being roughed up by guards. Even CBS correspondent Mike Wallace got punched in the face. The convention riots were commemorated by the band, Chicago, on their first album, Chicago Transit Authority, the album using the name of the group at that time. (The real Chicago Transist Authority sued and forced the band to change its name.) The crowd chanted, "The whole world's watching" outside the convention hall, and the chant is part of the song on the album. Forty years later, the whole world is still watching.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/34472390.jpg
It started out peacefully enough.
(Some of you may recognize those
buildings from National Conference.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/riotcop1968.png
It quickly disintegrated into violence.
Police seemed unable, or unwilling, to
differentiate between protesters and
radicals, so they just started wailing on
anyone who didn't look like a cop.
It is still considered one of the darkest
chapters of Chicago's history.

...in 1920, the 19th Amendment was officially signed into law, after Tennessee was the 36th state to ratify the Amendment on August 18. The official documentation from Tennessee was sent to Washington, where it arrived on August 26th and was signed by Secretary of State Bainbridge Colby, He signed it, without ceremony, at his home with no press of photographers to record the historical event. The 19th Amendment states, "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex," and the ratification was the culmination of over 79 years of effort by the women's suffrage movement.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 70 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1883, Krakatoa Island exploded in the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history. The uninhabited island is near Java and Sumatra in Indonesia. The eruption was heard 3,000 miles away, spawned 120 foot tsunamis and ultimately killed 36,000 people. It threw five cubic miles of debris into the air - picture an area five miles west your home, five miles south of your home and one mile high, filled with dirt and rocks. Krakatoa blew 2/3 of the island into the Indian Ocean, threw that much earth into the air, causing cloud of ash and dust 50 miles high and streams of pyroclastic flows - combinations of moltan gas, rock and ash. Fine dust drifted around the earth, blocking sunlight and lowering earth's temperature by several degrees. Kraktoa is still active today, one of 130 active volcanoes in Indonesia.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/26aug1883krakatoa.jpg
This photo was taken as the
volcano began to erupt.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f4/The_Scream.jpg/140px-The_Scream.jpg
The debris hung in the atmosphere
for many years, causing spectacular
sunsets around the globe. It is now
though that Edvard Munch's famous 1893
painting, The Scream may have been
influenced by the "blood red sky" (as
Munch later described it) in Norway, as a
result of Krakatoa's explosion.

...in 1859, the first oil well drilled specifically for oil, stuck oil at 69 feet in Titusville, Pennsylvania. Edwin Drake saw a source of petrolium, which would soon replace whale oil for lamps and wells began to be dug around the world. A side product of the distilling process, gasoline, was of little value until tinkerers began to use it to power an internal combustion engine and allowing the development of the automobile. Petrolium today is an incredibly important part of the world economy and is a component in everything we use, from asphalt paving to plastics to ointments to asphalt paving.

http://www.priweb.org/ed/pgws/history/pennsylvania/images/tarr_farm_560pxl.jpg
The two wells in Oil Creek Valley, in Pennsylvania that started
the oil craze. The photo is part of the Pennsylvania Historical & Museum
Commission, Drake Well Museum Collection, Titusville, PA.

...in 1938, a new world's land speed record of 345.49 MPH was set by Capt. George Eyston, driving a Rolls-Royce powered automobile. The record, along with almost all the other world land speed records, was set at the Bonneville Salt Flats on the far western edge of the Great Salt Desert. The area is perfect for this task - it is ten miles of perfectly flat surface, there is nothing there but salt. The speed track is so long that when a vehicle is at the starting line, it is out of sight at the finish line because of the curvature of the earth. The actual speed trap is two miles long, allowing four miles to accelerate, two miles of timed track and four miles to decelerate and stop. The current speed record, held by Andy Green, is 763.035 MPH.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/thunderbolt_2.jpg
The Thunderbolt broke the land speed record two
more times. Unfortunately, it was destroyed in a bombing
run during WWII. The heavy vehicle was powered by two
Rolls-Royce engines and ran on eight Dunlop tyres.

...in 1953, the delightful classic film, Roman Holiday was released, introducing Audrey Hepburn to the American film audience. She won the acadamy award for Best Actress for the part, establishing her as a major Hollywood star.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/Annex-HepburnAudreyRomanHoliday_03.jpg
Audrey Hepburn and Gregory Peck in Roman Holiday.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/Annex-HepburnAudreyRomanHoliday_07.jpg
Audrey Hepburn in Roman Holiday.

Hepburn went on to make several memorable performances in movies such as Sabrina, Funny Face, The Nun's Story and as the quirky Holly Golightly in Truman Capote's Breakfast at Tiffany's. She is also fondly remembered for her performance as the guttersnipe-turned-lady Eliza Doolittle in My Fair Lady, when everyone expected Julie Andrews to repise the roll from Broadway. (Andrews was filming Mary Poppins at that time.) Hepburn was incensed that Marni Nixon's voice was used to overdub her own singing and walked off the set, only to return the next day and apologize for her behavior. (Marni Nixon has sung more musical numbers in Hollywood movies than anyone, but no one knows her, because she dubs for actresses who cannot sing very well.) For her part in Sabrina, cast with Humphrey Bogart, she was sent to Hubert de Givenchy for wardrobe. De Givenchy was told that "Miss Hepburn" was coming to see him, and he expected Katherine, to whom Audrey was not related. Surpised, de Givenchy was not disappointed and the two formed a lifelong friendship. She also had memorable rolls in Charade (some call it the "best Hitchcock movie that Hitch didn't make") and as a blind woman, being terrorized by Richard Crenna, in the edgy thriller, Wait Until Dark. She was also known for her humanitarian efforts around the world.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/Annex-HepburnAudreyBreakfastatTiffa.jpg
Hepburn was stunning in Breakfast at Tiffany's.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/Annex-HepburnAudreyCharade_01.jpg
Poor Audrey Hepburn had no idea who was who in Charade.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Probably not Paige.

Link: KJCT 8 News (http://www.kjct8.com/Global/story.asp?S=11002444) (ABC affiliate)

Body found near Dominguez Canyon

Mesa County Search and Rescue is assisting Mesa County Sheriff Deputies in the recovery of a body found by hikers Wednesday.

We are learning the call came in early afternoon on Tuesday. Emergency response crews had a long hike into the scene at the Dominguez Trail Head on the uncompahgre National Forest. We've learned they got their as the sun was setting and realized they didn't have enough time to recover the body.

They set off for the site again Thursday morning and have reached the body. They are in the process of recovery. The Mesa County Coroner will determine manner and cause of death. We are not being told anything about the victim at this time, except investigators did say it is not the body of high profile missing Grand Junction woman Paige Birgfeld.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There was one new development in Colorado yesterday, there was a body found by hikers in a canyon. All we know is that the Mesa County Sheriff says the body is not Paige's. You can see it in the post above this one or you can read about it here (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/body-found-near-dominguez-canyon-55333/). Otherwise, no other news, no other developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 69 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1963, after an estimated quarter of a million people marched on Washington to demand equal rights for all, Dr. Martin Luther King gave his famous "I Have a Dream" speech from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. He ended the 16 minute oratory with these powerful lines: "When we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, 'Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!'" Within a year of the march, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed, along with the ratification of the 24th Amendment to the Constitution, abolishing artificial barriers and allowing all Americans to freely vote. Dr. King received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 but on April 4, 1968, he was assasinated in Memphis, Tennessee, at the age of 39.

http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/400martin_luther_king_jr.jpg

...in 1941, the German army had moved into Ukraine and the Gestapo murdered more than 23,000 Hungarian Jews. At first, the Ukrainians had viewed the German army as liberators from their Soviet rulers, but quickly found that the Nazis were worse than the Soviets. SS General Franz Jaeckeln marched 23,000 Jews into bomb craters at Kamenets Podolsk, ordered them to undress, then riddled them with machnie-gun fire. Those who did not die from the gunshots suffocated from the weight of corpses on top of them. By the end of the war, more than 600,000 Jews were murdered in Ukraine.

...in 1987, John Huston died from pneumonia at the age of 81. The eccentric rebel was the son of Vaudeville performer, Walter Huston and started his career in Vaudeville, himself. He spent a stint in the cavalry, wrote short stories and plays, and made his directorial debut with The Maltese Falcon, starring Humphrey Bogart. After the war, Huston directed Bogart in the interesting character study, Treasure of the Sierra Madre that won Huston the Best Director Oscar, and best supporting actor for his father, Walter Huston. He directed Bogart again in Bogart's Oscar-winning performance in The African Queen and directed Prizzi's Honor that won an Oscar for his daughter, Anjelica Huston.

http://www.afi.com/Images/tvevents/laa/archive/gal_Huston_John_3.jpg
John Huston with his father, Walter in
1948, on the set of Treasure of the Sieraa Madre.

...in 1996, Charles and Diana divorced after four years of separation. Diana was allowed to keep her apartment at Kensington Palace and title of "Princes of Wales" but gave up being "Her Royal Highness" and any claim to the British throne. It was a disappointment to those who had watched her storybook marriage in 1981, but she remained popular and was known as "The People's Queen." She died tragically in an Paris automobile accident that is swirled with controversy and conspiracy theorists are still having a field day with the accident. Charles married his longtime mistress, Camilla Parker Bowles in 2005.

http://chandrakantha.com/articles/indian_music/filmi_sangeet/media/1996_Charles_Di.jpg
Oh, yeah, that's certainly a happy couple.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 43 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...1876, Charles Kettering was born in an Ohio farmhouse. He graduated from OSU in 1904 and went to work for National Cash Register where he oversaw development of the electric cash register. He founded Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company (Delco) in Dayton, where he invented the self starter and self-contained electrical system for automobiles. He later sold Delco to GM, and headed the GM research team for 31 years until he retired in 1948. There he developed the lightweight diesel engine that made diesel locomotives possible, four wheel brakes, laquer, safety glass and Freon, which made air conditioning possible. He held 140 patents and with GM President, Alfred Sloan, founded the Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/charles_kettering.jpg
Chaels Kettering (1876 - 1958)

...in 1885, the world's first motorcycle was patented. The inventor was, no it wasn't, it was Gottlieb Daimler, as in Daimler-Benz. Two Guys From Milwaukee named Harley and Davidson would not start building motorcycles until 1903. Interesting sidebar: Two Guys From Milwaukee was also the title of a really crummy 1946 movie with Dennis Morgan and Joan Leslie with cameos by Bogart and Bacall.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/ZweiRadMuseumNSU_Reitwagen.JPG/800px-ZweiRadMuseumNSU_Reitwagen.JPG
Gottleib Daimler's motorcycle.

...in 1898, The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company was incorporated in Akron, Ohio, by Frank Seiberling. Charles Goodyear invented the process called vulcanization that made tires possible. Goodyear died penniless in 1860, and Seiberling named the company in his honor. Akron became known as the tire capital of the world with tires being made by industrialists like Benjamin Franklin Goodrich, Harvey Firestone and Frank Seiberling, tires were also made by General Tire. Changes in the international tire market caught Akron with no way to react and tire manufacturing ground to a standstill. Today, Goodyear makes a few racing tires in Akron but otherwise, there are no tires made in Akron. The city now bills itself as The City of Invention.

http://www.rgsouthwellblog.com/wp-content/frank-seiberling.jpg
Frank Seiberling. He lost control of the
company he founded in 1921, so he started
over with a company called Seiberling Rubber
Company in Barberton, Ohio.

...in 2005, Hurricane Katrina clobbered New Orleans, causing more than $80 billion in damage, 1,800 deaths, 1,000,000 people were displaced and 400,000 lost their jobs. Four years later, the rebuilding continues with a long way to go. The disaster exposed incompetent management and corruption at many levels of government, all which seems to be ignored. Critics wonder about the effort to rebuild a city that is 9 feet below sea level and is vulnerable to natural disaster, but the rebuilding efforts continue.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/KatrinaNewOrleansFlooded_edit2.jpg/250px-KatrinaNewOrleansFlooded_edit2.jpg
"Water, water everywhere, nor any drop to drink."
--Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel Taylor Coleridge

...in 1911, Ishi was taken into custody for his own protection in Oroville, California. Ishi spoke no English and seemed dazed and confused by what was going on around him. Thomas Waterman, an anthropologist from Berkeley went to Oroville and began using some phrases from vanished Indian dialects, until he found words that Ishi understood, opening a crude dialog. It turns out that Ishi, about 50 years old, was the last of a the Yahi, a tribe of stone-age Native Americans that had never been assimilated. Ishi reported that his people had been killed during the gold rush or run off by ranchers. The tribe wandered the mountains of Northern California, the tribe shrinking each year. His last male companion was shot and killed by a white man, and Ishi went into Oroville to forage for food. He lived in the museum in Berkeley and amused himself by wandering around the Bay area and riding the cable cars. He died of tuberculosis in 1916 and was cremated, according to the Yahi custom.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Ishi_1914.jpg/250px-Ishi_1914.jpg
Ishi in 1914. "Ishi" is the Yahi word
for "man" that was given to him by
Alfred Kroebler, the antrhopologist who
found a common language. When he
was asked his name, he replied, "I
have none. There were no people to
name me."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 53 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1967, Thurgood Marshall was confirmed as a Supreme Court Justice, the first African American to sit on the high court. He served for 24 years until his health forced his retirement, and was replaced by Clarence Thomas. He graduated from Lincoln University in 1930 and applied to the University of Maryland School of Law, only to be turned down because of racial discrimination. He graduated from Howard Univeristy Law School, magna cum laude and sued the University of Maryland, successfully, for their unfair admissions policy. He died of heart failure at the age of 84, in 1993.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Thurgood-marshall-2.jpg/175px-Thurgood-marshall-2.jpg
Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall
Served June 17, 1964 - June 28, 1993

...in 1963, in the wake of the Cuban Missile crisis, a hotline between Washington and Moscow went on line. One of the biggest problems during the missile crisis, which put the two super powers on the brink of nuclear war, was the lack of speed in communications between the two countries. Teletype machines were installed in the Kremlin and the Pentagon. The machines were connected by a 10,000 mile long cable, equipped with scramblers at periodic locations to prevent interception. The first message from the United States was, "THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPED OVER THE LAZY DOG'S BACK 1234567890." The message, of course, insured that every key in the machine was tested and operational. A similar message, albeit in Russian, followed. While the hotline has never actually been used to prevent a war (that we know of, anyway) the mostly symbolic device has been an interesting prop in such movies as Fail Safe and Dr. Strangelove. The hotline continues to be in service, despite the Cold War being over.

http://jproc.ca/crypto/hotline_etcrrm.jpg
The Washington end of the Hotline is actually
at the Pentagon and not in the White House, contrary
to popular opinion. There is an identical station
located in Moscow, although the equipment has
been modernized at least once.

...in 1983, Lieutenant Colonel Guion S. Bluford, USAF, became the first African American in space aboard the shuttle Challenger. The mission launched an Indian communications satellite, tested the robotic arm, made contact with a rogue satillite and is considered the most flawless shuttle mission. (Ironically, Challenger would explode on launch just three years later.) Dr. Bluford retired from NASA and became the VP and general manager of an engineering firm in Ohio.

http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/portraits/bluford.jpg
Lt. Col. Guion S. Bluford, USAF Ret.

...in 1980, Willie Nelson hit the charts with a new release that was destined to become a classic. Called On The Road Again, it expresses the American spirt "...goin' places that I've never been, seein' things that I may never see again, and I can't wait to get on the road again." Nelson has been active in the industry since 1956 and has written hundreds of songs, including Patsy Cline's signiture song, Crazy. He also is deeply involved in the brewing of bio-fuels ("Bio-Willie" is sold at truck stops) and numerous social causes.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/WillieNelson.jpg/220px-WillieNelson.jpg
Willie Nelson, Singer, Songwriter,
Activist and American Icon

...in -30, Cleopatra, queen of Egypt and famous lover of Julius Caeser and Mark Antony, took her own life after her forces were defeated by Octavian (later Caeser Augustus.) Cleopatra (born in 69 B.C.) and her brother were co-rulers of Eygyt, under the formal title of husband and wife. Cleopatra became pregnant, and named her son Edward G. Robinson. Actually, I just wanted to see if you were paying attention, as his name was Caeserian, which means "Little Caeser." Through numerous civil wars, assasinations and intrigue that would pale any soap opera or Shakesperean tragedy (Anthony killed himself when he incorrectly thought Cleopatra was dead) Cleopatra finally took her own life at the age of 39 rather than be subject to Octavian. She packed an awful lot of life into her 39 years and makes for interesting reading.

http://www.sft.edu/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/cleopatra.jpg
Cleopatra seems to have resembled Elizabeth Taylor, and Anthony
looks a lot like Richard Burton. Of course, no one really knows what she
looked like, but Taylor did play her in the 1963 blockbuster movie
of the same name.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 53 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1997, Princess Diana passed away as a result of massive chest trauma suffered in an automobile accident in Paris. Lady Diana Spencer was born on July 1, 1961 in a home her parents rented from Queen Elizabeth. She began a storybook romance with Prince Charles in 1980, had a fairy tale wedding with him in 1981 and became an instant media darling. She had two children, Prince Harry and Prince William, but she did not live happily ever after as her marriage dissolved in 1996. She began a romance with Dodi Al Fayed, the son of the owner of Harrod's and the papparazzi were always in pursuit, one earning $3 million for a photo of Diana and Dodi kissing on his yacht. The papparazzi may, or may not, have had something to do with the cause of the automobile accident that took her life this day in 1997.

http://www.biography-and-biographies.com/Royalty/280px-Diana,_Princess_of_Wales.jpg
Lady Diana Spencer (1961 - 1997)

...in 1897, Thomas Edison patented his Kinetiscope, the first motion picture camera, using celluloid film that had been invented by George Eastman in 1889. His first film was shot in 1893, showing three of his workers acting as blacksmiths. Edison got out of the movie business in 1917.

http://i3.photobucket.com/albums/y90/hillaryk/Edison.jpg

...in 1899. a Stanley Steamer, driven by F.O. Stanley, reached the top of Mount Washington in New Hampshire, the first automobile to do so. In 1906, a Stanley would set the world record for the fastest mile at 127 mph. The steamers were doomed, though, for a powerful and fast as they were, they were impractical in that it took several minutes to raise up a head of steam enough to propel the car. They soon lost favor to gasoline powered vehicles and the Stanley Brothers sold the business in 1917. By 1924, "The Flying Teapot" ceased production.

http://www.amesburycity.com/images/amesbury355.jpg
The Stanley Twins in an
1898 Stanley Steamer

...in 1888, a serial killer in London, who became known as "Jack the Ripper" took his first victim, Mary Ann Nichols, a prostitute in London's east end. As famous as he became for murdering and mutilating prostitutes, he murdered only five victims, far fewer than he is remembered for. The London police lacked modern forensic devices that we take for granted today, and in 1892 the case of Jack the Ripper was closed, unsolved to this day.

...in 1957, the final episode of Kukla, Fran and Ollie aired on NBC. The popular children's show, featured Fran Allison with the puppets Kukla and Ollie (a dragon) had begun as a local Chicago television show that went to national distribution. The puppets were the work of Burr Tillstrom, the only puppeteer on the show, who attracted an adult audience for what was considered a kid's show. The Kuklapolitans are alive and well these days, and can be found on the Unofficial Kuklapolitan Website (http://kukla.tv/).

http://kukla.tv/1.jpg
Kukla, Burr Tillstrom, Fran and Ollie

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 27 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1972, Bobby Fisher became the first American to win the International Chess Tournament. He is considered to have been one of the most brilliant chess minds in the world. He won his first tournament at the age of 13. At 14, he started playing in eight US Chess Championships, winning all eight. He swept the international tournaments, beating Boris Spassky of the Soviet Union, considered to be a Cold War victory. He stopped playing tournament chess in 1975, coming out of retirement in 1992, when he won a rematch with Spassky in Yugoslavia. Since Yugoslavia was under strict embargo, he had a run-in with the US government and he never returned to his native country. He died in 2008 as a citizen of Iceland.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Bobby_Fischer_1960_in_Leipzig.jpg/240px-Bobby_Fischer_1960_in_Leipzig.jpg
Robert James "Bobby" Fischer
(1943 - 2008)

...in 1989, Congress passed legislation requiring that all new cars be equipped with air bags. Naturally, after being proven to save lives, the air bags came under fire when small children were inured by air bags. Air bags use a small exposive device to deploy and can accelerate at a speed of 200 mph, so now, children are required to sit in the back seat, away from the air bags. (My air bag was deinstalled when my mother in law went away after a divorce...)

http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/airbag1a.gif
A crash sensor determines is airbag deployment is necessary
and if so, fires a small explosive charge to launch the bag. It fills
quickly with nitrogen to absorb the impact of your body, then
quickly deflates to allow rescue.

...in 1894, the town of Hinckley, Minnesota was completely destroyed by a forest fire, killing 440 people in the area. The area had been thoroughly logged using a technique called "slashing" that left behind enormous amounts of wood debris. Lumber yards were set very close to rail lines, where sparks from passing locomotives could easily ignite dry tinder. Drought conditions in 1894 set the stage, and on Sept 1, fires broke out near the rail lines and spread north. 350 people climbed aboard a train that had to pass through the fire but made it safely to West Superior, Wisconsin. Many residents made for the swamps, many perished by drowning. Others dived into a gravel pit that had filled with water and survived. 300,000 acres of woodlands burned with the town. 228 people died in Hinckley, at least 212 died in the surrounding area, including 23 Ojibwa. (Watch this space for October 8, when you will read about the worst fire disaster in recorded history, and it didn't happen in Chicago.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/64/Pf040256.jpg/300px-Pf040256.jpg
Hinckley, after the fire.

...in 1959, Elizabeth Taylor signed with 20th Century Fox to make the blockbuster, Cleopatra. (You learned about her a few days ago.) Taylor signed for the unheard of sum of $1 million to play the role. She made her first film in 1942, There's One Born Every Minute at the age of 10, made history with Mickey Rooney in National Velvet and went the jump from child actress to adult siren in films like Father of the Bride and A Place In The Sun. Taylor was born - pay attention to this - in England of American parents. She is a subject of England, and was granted the title of Dame, along with Julie Andrews, by Queen Elizabeth II on New Year's Eve, 1999.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/Annex-TaylorElizabethNationalVelvet.jpg http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/Annex-TaylorElizabethCleopatra_13.jpg
The film National Velvet, launched her career, Cleopatra with Richard Burton, made her into an icon.

...in 1985, the wreck of the Titanic was found in it's resting place, about 400 miles east of Newfoundland. This all happened about a decade after Clive Cussler's Raise The Titanic! made the best seller lists. The ship was found by a joint venture of the French and United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Titanic-bow_seen_from_MIR_I_submersible.jpeg/140px-Titanic-bow_seen_from_MIR_I_submersible.jpeg
The bow of the Titanic.

...in 1864, Confederate General John Bell Hood evacuated Atlanta, as General William Tecumseh Sherman and the Union Army was about to cap a four month march to capture the Rebel's most vital supply center. Hood's army set fire to the Confederate munitions dumps to prevent the Union army from utilizing it. Sherman continued to hold the city against Hood's attacks until November, when Sherman began his infamous march to the sea. Sherman's orders were to burn anything that would be of value to the Confederate army, munitions makers, clothing mills and railway yards. The fire raged out of control and soon Atlanta was consumed by the fire. On the march to the sea, anything that would be of value to the Confederates was also destroyed. The war came to an end just a few months later.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/General_sherman.jpg/200px-General_sherman.jpg
General Sherman, ca. 1864
Photo by Matthew Brady

That's it. That's all we know as of 1:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday but some interesting news. Earlier this week, it was reported that the human remains had been found in Utah last week. The remains were sent back to Utah, confusing most of us. Yesterday, it was reported that medical examiner in Salt Lake City is attempting to identify the remains. Paige's name is still part of the identification process, continuing to confuse most of us. Stay tuned.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are52wn to 100 candles. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours and keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1969, the first modern ATM in the United States went online in the United States at Chemical Bank in Rockville Center, New York. It was only capable of doling out cash, it took until 1971 for the next generation of ATM to be able to be an automated teller. At the time, bankers were less than enthusiastic about the machines, since the operation cost per year was about $8,000 more than a human teller. Of course, that is no longer true as the cost of machines has plummeted (as all high tech devices do) and today, they are everywhere including convenience stores, casinos and cruise ships. It is estimated that about 1.25 million ATMs are online with another going online every five minutes. Once bankers discovered they could charge fees for ATM use, they became even more popular with banks. Enterprising crooks found ways to beat the machines, from the crude muggings as people walked away from ATM's to high-tech thievery with phoney machines or a little card reader attached to a legitimate ATM that steals card numbers. It is estimated that more than 170 million Americans over 18 have an ATM card and use it eight times a month. (The first ATM was actually conceived in 1936 and was placed in 1939 as a cash-dispensing machine. It was not at all popular and was removed from service.)

http://qualityjunkyard.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/worlds-first-atm-and-first-transaction-at-barclays-bank-1.jpg
The first ATM is generally accepted as
going online at Barkley's Bank in 1967.

...in 1666, in the wee hours, a fire broke out in the bake shop of Thomas Farriner, on Pudding Lane in London, England. ("Pudding" was a mideaval term for entrails. Pudding was hauled from butcher shops to garbage barges on the Thames River, along this lane.) The fire quickly spread to the warehouses on Thames Street and soon London was a raging inferno. Officials tore down buildings attempting to create fire breaks but to no avail. Light from the fire could be seen 30 miles away. By September 5, the fire began to slow and on September 6, it was under control. Flames burst forth again on September 7 in the legal district but when the flames reached stores of gunpowder, the resulting explosions extinguished the flames. When it was over, 13,000 houses, hundreds of public building and at least 90 churches, including St. Paul's Cathedral, were destroyed. 100,000 people were left homeless but miraculously, only 16 people died. Many people had died in the plague of 1665, and the fire had the side benefit of purging London of the plague and it evolved as a new city.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Great_Fire_London.jpg/350px-Great_Fire_London.jpg
An anonymous painting of the
Great Fire of London.

In 1986, members of the Worshipful Company of Bakers gathered on Pudding Lane and unveiled a plaque that acknowledged that Thomas Farriner caused the great fire of 1666. The bakers apologized for the fire being started by one of their own. (The guild enforced rules, including proper weight of bread loaves. In order to assure a customer of receiving the proper weights, an additional loaf would be added to an order, giving rise to the phrase, "Baker's Dozen.") Speaking of fires...

...in 1923, fires raged out of control in Tokyo in the aftermath of a massive earthquake. Over 143,000 people died in the disaster that is known both as the Great Kwanto Earthquake and the Great Tokyo Fire. The fire, caused by the earthquake, caused more deaths than the earthquake, similar to the circumstances that destroyed San Francisco, California in 1906. There were so many aftershocks and so many fires that conditions were perfect to create a firestorm. (A firestorm includes fire tornadoes, caused by the tremendous amounts of oxygen sucked into the fires, that create windstorms of fire.) As in San Francisco, fighting the fires was an exercise in futility as water mains had been broken in the earthquake. Thousands were saved when a cruise ship took them out to sea. The Imperial University Library lost some of the world's rarest and oldest books. Frank Lloyd Wright had designed The Imperial Hotel to survive earthquakes - it survived even though it sank two feet below grade. About 60% of Tokyo was destroyed, about 80% of Yokohama was destroyed. Some Japanese blamed Korean scapegoats for the fires and murdered hundreds of innocent Koreans following the disaster.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Desolution_of_Nihonbashi_and_Kanda_after_Kanto_Ear thquake.jpg/600px-Desolution_of_Nihonbashi_and_Kanda_after_Kanto_Ear thquake.jpg
The destruction of Nihonbashi and Kanda as seen from Kyobashi.

...in 1959, after Robert McNamara killed the Edsel, he promoted development of a compact car called the Falcon. It was introduced on this date in the first nationwide closed-circuit televised news conference. The Falcon took the market by storm and was the basis of a pickup truck (Ranchero) convertibles, station wagons and sedans. A television campaign featuring Charles Schulz's Peanuts characters proclaimed the Falcon as America's Economy Champ. A few years later, the Falcon platform was the basis of the Mustang, another car that caught the market unaware and spawned a new category, the Pony Car. McNamara would leave Ford to become President Kennedy's Secretary of Defense, causing many to wonder who got the better end of the deal - history tells us that it was probably Ford Motor Company.

http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/1960-1965-ford-falcon-1960.jpg
The 1960 Ford Falcon

A special commercial spot, featuring Peanuts and a dancing Snoopy, was aired to introduce the 1961 version of the Falcon. You can see it here on YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u43ExlkXmQs). (It's worth it just to see Linus, Pigpen and Snoopy. You might recognize the voiceover as that of Paul Frees, one of the most prolific voice actors in the business. He was numerous voices for Disney (like Ludwig von Drake) and the Ghost Host in the Haunted Mansion. also the voice of Boris Badenov from Rocky.)

...in 1944, Lt. j.g. George Herbert Walker Bush was flying a TBM Avenger Torpedo Bomber in support of Marines who were invading Iwo Jima, when his plane was hit by enemy fire. A son of a Senator, used to wealth and privilege, Lt. Bush did not shirk his responsibilities and enlisted in the Navy at the age of 18. He was the youngest pilot in the Navy. Lt. Bush had the task of censoring mail from the enlisted men under his command, to which he said, "I learned about the diversity of our great country."

http://www.military.com/pics/MLbush.jpg
Lt. j.g. George Herbert Walker Bush in his TBM Avenger.
(From the George H.W. Bush Presidential Library.)

His mission on September 2 was to neutralize a Japanese radio station on nearby Chi Chi Jima. His plane was hit by enemy fire and he ordered his two crewmen to bail out - Radioman 2nd Class John Delany died when his chute did not open. Substitute gunner Lt. j.g. William White also perished. Lt. Bush continued his run and scored several hits on his target before crashing into the Pacific Ocean. "We were trained to complete our runs no matter what the obstacle," he later said. Lt. Bush was picked up by a submarine and was assigned another aircraft. He flew 58 missions in the Pacific Theater and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. Many years later, President George H.W. Bush would say his combat experience "...broadened my horizons..." and made a real impact on his Presidency. President Bush was later asked about the Chi Chi Jima incident by James Bradley (the son of John Bradley, one of the six who raised the flag on Mount Surabachi on Iwo Jima) while he was researching his second book, Flyboys. Mr. Bradley asked President Bush if he ever thought about his two crewmen, John Delany and William White. "Every day," was his simple reply.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

(By the way, if you haven't read them, I highly recommend James Bradley's books, Flags of Our Fathers and Flyboys. If you've seen Clint Eastwood's movie version of Flags of Our Fathers but not read the book, you really need to read the book and see what was left out of the movie - and why it had to be left out. I can tell you that I understand far more about my own father now, after reading his books. They are an incredibly important historical lesson for all Americans.)

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 77 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1783, the American Revolution officially came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. Representatives from France, Great Britain, Spain, and the new country of The United States of America met to sign the treaty, in which Great Britain formally recognized the indepent nation status of the former colonies. The boundaries of the new country were agreed upon in the treaty, Florida on the south, north to the Great Lakes, and the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River. During negotiations, Benamin Franklin demanded that Great Britiain cede Canada to the United States, a proposal that (obviously) never came to pass. Fishing rights were determined, however, and after the details were ironed out, the treaty was signed by all nations and ratified by the Continental Congress on January 14, 1884.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Treaty_of_Paris_by_Benjamin_West_1783.jpg/300px-Treaty_of_Paris_by_Benjamin_West_1783.jpg
Benjamin Ward painted the delegations to the
Treaty of Paris, but the British delegation refused to
pose, so the painting was never completed. The
Americans were John Jay, John Adams, Benjamin
Franklin, Henry Laurens and William Temple Franklin.

...in 1777, the Stars and Stripes (reportedly) flew for the first time, over a battle between General William Maxwell's troops against a force of Hessian mercenaries and British regulars. The rebels were chased back to General Washingon's main force at Brandywine Creek in Pennsylvania. The Continental Congress had defined a new flag of 13 red and white stripes with thirteen stars on a blue field, representing a new constilation. Legend says Betsy Ross designed and sewed the new flag but there is little evidence to support or disprove the story. On June 14, 1877, the first Flag Day was observed in Ozaukee County, Wisconsin to observe the 100th anniversary of the flag, but it was not until 1949 that Congress got around to making June 14 the official day of observation. (There is some disagreement between historians about the dates that the American flag first flew.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Betsy_Ross_sewing.jpg/180px-Betsy_Ross_sewing.jpg
Did Betsy Ross really sew the
first American flag? There is some
controversy over that, too.

...in 1935, British speed demon, Sir Malcolm Campbell, broke his own land speed record at Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah, in his 2,500 hp Bluebird. He had set the record of 133.788 mph earlier in 1935 but on September 3, he became the first person to exceed 300 mph, setting the mark at 301.129 mph. He retired from land speed record racing but went into water speed racing, and set a mark that he held to his death at the age of 63 in 1948. The land speed record today, set at Bonneville, is 763.035 mph set by Andy Green, another Bristish subject. (The land speed record is for self propelled, four wheel vehicles on earth, not steel rails nor frozen lakes.)

http://www.bluebird-electric.net/bluebird_images/bluebird_and_campbell_pose.jpg
Malcolm Campbell and the Bluebird.

...in 1954, the last new radio episode of The Lone Ranger aired on the ABC Radio network. The series had moved to television and there just wasn't any demand for the radio version of the program. One trivial fact that is relatively forgotten is that The Lone Ranger spawned a spin-off series. The Lone Ranger's nephew, Britt Reid, led a double life and with his sidekick, Kato, the Green Hornet fought crime in the 20th Century as his uncle had in the 19th Century. The series originated on WXYZ radio in Detroit, on January 30, 1933. It was the brainchild of George W. Trendle and Frank Striker and the only outstanding mystery is the meaning of the term, Kemosabe. Snooping investigators found that there used to be a summer camp in Michigan named Camp Ke-Mo-Sa-Be. You be the judge.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/ce/Moore-LoneRanger.jpg
Clayton Moore is the best
remembeered of all the actors
who played the Masked Man. Once
he played the part, he was forever
typecast and did little other work.

...in 1900, inventor Charles Wisner drove his home-built automobile in the Flint, Michigan Labor Day Parade. It was the first of millions of automobiles that would be built in Flint, second only to Detroit in auto production those early, heady days of the automobile industry. David Buick began building cars there in 1903, the Fisher Brothers built automobile bodies and in 1908, William Crapo Durant's General Motors consolodated the Flint automotive industries. (At one time, the Buick plant in Flint was the second largest industrial complex in the world, second only to Henry Ford's Ruver Rouge Plant in Dearborn, Michigan.) Today, with plants closing, Flint has fallen on hard times.

http://www.flint.lib.mi.us/timeline/autohistory_0798/images/wisner-car1903.jpg
The Wisner "Buzz Wagon."
It was one of the few autos
built in Flint that didn't end up
being a GM product.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 82 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1891, the designer of the German Autobahn was born in Pforzhwim, Germany. Fritz Todt's design became the model for the modern superhighway. Shortly after President Franklin Roosevelt learned of the Autobahn, he went to Thomas "The Chief" MacDonald, the director of the Federal Bureau of Roads, and asked him to sketch out a similar superhighway plan for America. After some consideration, MacDonald laid out a grid of superhighways that isn't really much different than the final Interstate Highway System. The first section of the superhighway system was the Pennsylvania Turnpike, opened in 1938. The highway plan went on hold because of WWII. Meanwhile, General Eisenhower was impressed with the Autobahn and how the Wermacht was able to use it to move men and matériel very quickly. President Eisenhower convinced Senator Al Gore of Tennessee to propose the Interstate Highway System in 1955, and the modern American highway system was born. As respected as the American system is around the world, it all was the idea of Fritz Todt, born this day in 1891.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1969-146-01%2C_Fritz_Todt.jpg/180px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1969-146-01%2C_Fritz_Todt.jpg
Fritz Todt, father of the
modern superhighway. He
was high up in the Wermacht,
even having the ear of
Der Fuhrer, but was becoming
disillusioned with the war and said so
to his leader. Shortly afterwards, his
plane expoded on takeoff. Was it an
assassination? No one knows.

...in 1997, the last Thunderbird rolled off the assembly line in Lorain, Ohio. One Ford dealer held a funeral for the car, complete with flowers and an RIP plaque. The popular marque had thirteen generations of design from the popular 2-seat "personal luxury car" to the bulbous box that shared bodywork with the Lincoln Mark, to the Bird in the Box of the early 1980's and ending full-circle in another 2 seat personal luxury car.

http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~smokymtnman/ford/lasttbird1.jpg
The Last Thunderbird was sold in Bangor, Maine.
It has an inscription over the glove box, identifying it
as the last Thunderbird ever built.

...in 1780, Lt. Colonel Francis Marion's guerrilla militia won a decisive victory over British loyalists and won new recruits and a new name. The diminutive Marion (he was only 5' tall) was known as "The Swamp Fox" for his cunning ability to appear out of nowhere, attack, and disappear into the South Carolina swamps. His tactics were the model for 18th Century guerrilla fighting. Marion was the inspiration for Mel Gibson's character in The Patriot but his fame was spread in the 1960's in a mini-series that ran on Walt Disney's television show, starring Leslie Nielson as the patriotic hero.

http://www.tvacres.com/images/west2_swamp_fox_gun2.jpg
Leslie Nielson played the elusive
Swamp Fox in the Disney anthology of
the same name. The series was based on
the book Swamp Fox by Robert Bass.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/FrancisMarionSwampFox.jpg/150px-FrancisMarionSwampFox.jpg
The REAL Francis Marion
He is also mentioned in the
lineage of the US Army Rangers.

...in 1971, the last network episode of The Lawrence Welk Show aired on NBC. It continued as a syndicated show until 1982, but lives on and on and on and on thanks to PBS. Welk was born in 1903 in Strasburg, North Dakota, growing up speaking German. He was always embarrassed by his heavily accented English, his second language although he was an American. He learned to play the accordian and was soon playing weddings and on radio performances. He worte his theme song, Bubbles In The Wine in 1939, which became a hit along with 20 other songs her wrote. The Lawrence Welk Show started as a Los Angeles local show in 1955 that was quickly picked up by ABC. Ridiculed by critics for its sappy cornyness, it became a hit, as did his instrumental called Calcutta that hit the top of the charts in 1961. He died at the age on 89 in 1992, but his legacy lives on in live shows at the Lawrence Welk Theatre in Branson, MO and on PBS.

http://www.welknotes.com/images/WelkSmall.jpg
T'ank you, a Myron.

...in 1940, near Iceland, the USS Greer became the first American ship to be fired upon in WWII. America was still a neutral bystander, and the torpedo attack by the German submarine, U-562 only served to add to the tension already stretching between the two nations. It is believed that the attack was a mistake. A British bomber, on a submarine hunting mission, spotted the U-562 and reported its position to the Greer that began to track the U-boat. A British aircraft dropped a depth charge and the captain of the U-boat may have believed it came from the Greer. Several torpedoes were fired at the Greer but missed and the ship made it safely to Iceland. In response, President Roosevelt served notice to the rest of the world that further attacks on American ships would bear the consequences. "If German or Italian vessels of war enter these waters, they do so at their own peril."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/USS_Greer%3B0514502.jpg/300px-USS_Greer%3B0514502.jpg
The 1919 destroyer, Greer had the distinction of being the first American
vessel to be fired upon, and to return fire, in WWII. The U-boat was underwater for
over three hours, missed the Greer with two torpedoes and
survived 13 depth charges from the American ship.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 63 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1972, the world watched in horror as reports came from the Summer Olympics in Munich, after Palestinian terrorists stormed the Olympic Village apartment of Israeli athletes, killing two and kidnapping nine others. In a final shootout, the nine athletes were shot and killed, along with the terrorists. The terrorist claimed to be from a group called Black September Assassins. The citizens of Germany had hoped the Munich Olympics would be a celebration of peace to make up for the 1936 Olympics that Adolph Hitler used as an opportunity to propogandize his Aryan race. International Olympic Committee Chairman Avery Brundage ordered that the games continue to prove that the terrorists had not won. There were moments of truly spectacular athletic achievement at the games, including Mark Spitz's seven gold medals and Olga Korbut's victories. In the wake of the tragic events, Israeli Prime Minister, Golda Meir sent Mossad agents to track down and kill the remaining Black September assassins. Steven Spielberg made a movie, Munich about the events in 2005. The story is a sobering reminder that terrorism is alive and well, and has been a spectre over all of us for some time.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f2/1972_Israeli_Olympic_team.jpg
The 1972 Israeli Olympic Team, just before leaving for Munich. The red numbers indicate
the members of the team who died at the hands of the terrorists. They are
1) wrestling referee Yossef Gutfreund (inset), age 40; 2) wrestling coach Moshe Weinberg, 33;
3) weightlifter Yossef Romano, 31; 4) weightlifter David Berger, 28; 5) weightlifter Ze'ev Friedman, 28;
6) wrestler Eliezer Halfin, 24; 7) track coach Amitzur Shapira, 40; 8) shooting coach Kehat Shorr, 53;
9) wrestler Mark Slavin, 18; 10) fencing coach Andre Spitzer, 27; and 11) weightlifting judge Yakov Springer, 51.

...in 1774, the first Continental Congress convened in Carpenter's Hall in Philadelphia, in response to the Bristish Parliament enacting the Coercive Acts. Fixty six delegates from all the colonies, except Georgia, drafted the declaration of rights and grievances. In 1773, Parliament had passed the Tea Act, that granted a monopoly on tea in the colonies. In Boston, Partriots, dressed as Indians, dumped British tea into Boston Harbor in the Boston Tea Party. The value of the tea, about £18,000 resulted in the Coercive Acts, better known in the colonies as The Intolerable Acts. The acts closed the Boston Harbor to trade, set military rule in Massachusetts, gave British officials immunity from prosecution and required colonists to quarter British troops.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Congress_voting_independence.jpg/175px-Congress_voting_independence.jpg


...in 1930, Charles Creighton and James Hargis completed a round-trip automobile journey across the United States when they arrived in New York City from Los Angeles. By 1930, cross county automobile trips were more than common, in fact, the event would not have been newsworthy except that these two guys drove the entire 7,180 mile trip in reverse! They drove a 1929 Model A Ford, and their secret was that the Model A rear axle can be put together backwards, giving a car three speeds in reverse and one forward. (Don't ask me how I know this, I just do, okay?)

http://farm1.static.flickr.com/196/441606638_b34b058c9c.jpg
Creighton and Hargis drove a
1929 Ford Roadster, like this one.

...in 1975, Lynette "Squaky" Fromme, a disciple of Charles Manson, was arrested in Sacramento when she brandished a .45 automatic near President Gerald Ford. Just 17 days later, President Ford again escaped an assissination attempt when Sara Jane Moore fired a revolver at him. Moore was a leftist radical that had been an informant for the FBI. She was arrested, tried and sentenced to life in prison. Squeaky Fromme was also sentenced to life and incarcerated at a federal compound in Alderson, West Virgina. When she heard that Manson had cancer, she escaped and was at large for five days, when she was recaptured two miles from the prison. Today, she is incarcerated at a federal facility in Carswell, Texas. (As of this writing, she was due to be released on August 16, 2009.)

http://www.geocities.com/proprioter/z_squeaky.jpg

...in 1962, a fragment of Sputnik IV landed in the middle of North 8th Street in Manitowoc, Wisconsin. In 1960, the Russians launched Sputnik IV from Balkanur, USSR with a "dummy" Cosmonaut. Upon completion of the mission, ground control began the procedure to fire retro rockets to return the satellite to earth, but the trajectory was incorrect and Sputnik IV went into an elliptical orbit. Control was not re-established and Sputnik IV was lost, however, it kept transmitting telemetry data until September, 1962, when the orbit deteriorated and it fell to earth. Most of it burned up, but a portion of it lodged in the middle of 8th Street, almost on the center line. Another portion was found on a church roof, but an exhaustive search failed to find any other parts of Sputnik IV.

http://www.rahrwestartmuseum.org/images/sputnik/manitowocpolice.jpg
Officers Ronald Rusboldt and Marvin Bauch found the
piece of Sputnik IV about 4:30 AM. They are posed at the
spot on 8th and Park Street where the debris was found.

http://www.rahrwestartmuseum.org/images/sputnik/sputnikfragment.jpg
Replicas of the debris were made by NASA
prior to returning the piece to the Russians. The
pieces were given to the City of Manitowoc and
are on display at the Rahr Museum.

...in 1955, Boris Pasternak's classic novel, Dr. Zhivago was published in the United States. Boris Pasternak was born in Russia in 1890 and lived through the tumultuous days that led up to and followed the Russian revolution. He was alread a well-known poet before the glorious revolution, but afterwards, he was limited to eeking out a living as a translator. Stalinist, and later Communist, policies put strict censorship rules on artists and Pasternak was no exception. When he finished Dr. Zhivago, it was banned from publication but fans of Pasternak smuggled the manuscript out of the Soviet Union piece by piece. It began to appear in several languages but when it hit the United States, it was labeled an instant classic and Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1958. Nikita Khrushchev was especially enraged with Pasternak and refused to let him out of the country to accept the award. Krushchev also banned him from the Writers Union, ending his career. Pasternak died in May 1960, but Dr. Zhivago lived on in the the form an Omar Sherif movie in 1965, and under Mikhail Gorbev's Glasnost, Pasternak was restored to the writers union and Dr. Zhivago was finally published in Russia.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a0/Doctor_Zhivago-1st_edition.jpg
First Edition of Dr. Zhivago.

http://www.cinematographers.nl/GreatDoPh/Films/DrZhivago2.jpg
The Ice Palace is one of the lasting images of the movie,
along with Maurice Jarre's haunting Lara's Theme that
also served as the movie's main theme song. Maurice Jarre won
the Oscar for best score.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 61 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1915, an armored vehicle nicknamed "Little Wille" was built in England. It was a prototype of a "land boat," but the design had a ways to go. It got stuck in ditches and crawled over the terrain at a whopping two miles per hour, but once the kinks were worked out, the armored tank would transform the battlefield forever. The idea of a "land boat" that could break through enemy lines was pursed in secret. If anyone working on the project was asked about their work, they simply replied they were building a vehicle to carry water on the battlefield. The new vehicles were shipped in crates labeled "TANK"" and the name stuck.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Little_Willie.jpg/300px-Little_Willie.jpg
This is all one of the fleet built but it
was the prototype for many like it.

...in 1941, German authorities ordered that all Jewish people in German controlled areas were to wear a yellow Star of David on their clothing to identify them. The badge was revived from the Middel Ages, when Jews were identified by wearing a required yellow patch. The practice of branding Christians and Jews began in medieval Baghdad and was considered highly degrading. Prior to Nazi branding, the symbol was usually a circle sewn onto clothing. The Nazis made it into the star shape.(Muslim and Jewish law prohibits marking of skin, so the practice of branding Jews with a tatoo serial number in concentration camps was particularly degrading.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Judenstern_JMW.jpg/100px-Judenstern_JMW.jpg

...in 1901, President William McKinley was shaking hands at the Pan-American Exhibition in Buffalo, New York. He was approached by Leon Czolgosz, an anarchist armed with pistol. He fired two shots into President McKinley's chest and was unable to fire a third because bodyguards wrestled him to the ground. McKinley died on September 12 when Theordore Roosevelt was sworn in. Czolgosz was a Polish immigrant who had gravitated to socialist and anarchist causes. He claimed the President was the head of a corrupt govenrment. He was tried and sentenced to die in the electric chair. There is a report that Thomas Edison filmed the execution.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/McKinleyAssassination.jpg/260px-McKinleyAssassination.jpg
Drawing by T. Dart Walker (1869 - 1914)

...in 1978, a Soviet Air Force pilot landed his state-of-the art MIG in Japan and asked for asylum in the United States. The incident was an embarassment to the Soviet Union, but also gave the United States a chance to see that the much-feared MIG-25 was actually inferior to anything flying in the United States military. Lt. Viktor Belenko was flown to the United States and granted asylum.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Russian_Air_Force_MiG-25.jpg/300px-Russian_Air_Force_MiG-25.jpg
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25

...in 1995, Cal Ripkin, Jr. played in his 2,131st consecutive game, breaking Lou Gehrig's record. He wound up playing in 2,632 consecutive games when his streak ended on September 19, 1998.

http://www.koenig-lupe.de/PICS/bb_physics2.gif

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 72 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1813, Uncle Sam became the symbol of the United States. Samual Wilson, a meat packer from Troy, New York, stamped beef deliverd to the army with the letters, U.S. for "United States" but the soldiers soon started to refer to the meat as "Uncle Sam's." It stuck. Cartoonist, Thomas Nast, created a caricature of the bearded man with the white beard. (Nast also created the modern image of Santa Claus, as well as the elephant for the Republican party and the donkey for the Democrat party. The most famous characterization of Uncle Sam is the iconic figure created by James Montgomery Flagg. His image of Uncle Sam became the famous "I want YOU for the U.S. Army" poster.

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/images/tlc0090.jpg

...in 1963, the Professional Football Hall of Fame opened in Canton, Ohio.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Hall_Fame_Air.JPG/180px-Hall_Fame_Air.JPG
Pro Football HOF, photo by Paul Walsh.
Fawcett Stadium, its official name, is home
for two Canton high school teams and two
colleges. The stadium is also home to
OSHSAA championship games and the
annual Hall of Fame Game that launches
the NFL pre-season each year.

...in 1876, a bold daytime attempt at a bank robbery was made by the James-Younger gang in Northfield, Minnesota. The gang was an outgrowth of the bushwhacking army known as Quantrill's Raiders that operated in Missouri during the Civil War. The gang went to the twin cities and scouted the area, deciding that the Northfield Bank looked like a good target. It wasn't. A bank clerk recognized the famous Jesse James and tried to escape out the back of the bank. He took a shot in the shoulder, but did escape to sound the alarm. The bank was surrounded by angry townspeople who began to pour gunfire into the bank. Clett Miller was killed, Bill Chadwell was mortally wounded, Frank James took a bullet in the leg, the Younger brothers were all wounded but survived. Jesse was the last one to leave the bank but before he rode out of town, he shot the bank cashier, Joseph Lee, in the head for refusing to unlock the safe. Frank and Jesse rode in separate directions and met in Nashville, Tennessee to begin to reform the gang but the botched robbery was the end of the James-Younger gang. Northville celebrates Defeat of Jesse James Days each year. (There is a theory that Cole Younger wanted to go to Norhtfield because he thought that bank was owned, in part, by Benjamin Butler. Butler was a much-hated Union General from his occupation of New Orleans during the Civil War, to extract some revenge. Butler was from Massachusetts and there is nothing linking him to the bank in Northfield.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Jesse_and_Frank_James.gif
Jesse and Frank James ca. 1872

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/ColeMugshot.jpg/180px-ColeMugshot.jpg
Cole Younger after his arrest
in 1876. He was wounded just
before this photo was taken.

...in 1940, the first bombing of London occurred, the first of 57 consecutive nights of bombing by the Luftwaffe. The 'blitzkreig" (lightning war) was the German strategy was to overwhelm the British air force, in order to soften up Britain for an invasion. Hitler, in his typical continuing arrogance, failed to recognize the will of the British people. When it was over, just a handful of British pilots met the Luftwaffe and drove them back. Winston Churchill said about the heroic effort, "Never had so many owed so much to so few."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/NA-306-NT-3163V.jpg/200px-NA-306-NT-3163V.jpg
Children, waiting, outside the remains of
what had been their home, September, 1940.

That's it. That's all we know as of 2:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 47 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1974, President Gerald R. Ford pardoned his predecessor, the disgraced Richard M. Nixon who had resigned the Presidency on August 9. President Ford was the first President to come into the office by not being elected. He had been appointed to replace Vice President Spiro Agnew, who resigned over income tax and political intrigue. President Ford said it was time to put the nightmare behind and move on. He came under fire at the time, from Democrats who smelled blood but in 2001, the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation presented the Profile in Courage Award to Gerald Ford. The Foundation said he placed love of his country ahead of his own political future and brought closure to the Watergate nightmare. President Ford retired from politics after being defeated by Jimmy Carter in 1976. He died on December 26, 2006, at the age of 93.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Gerald_Ford.jpg/225px-Gerald_Ford.jpg
Gerald Rudolph Ford (1913-2006)
38th President of the United States

...in 1664, the governor of the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam, Peter Stuyvesant, surrendered to an English naval squadron. The commander who accepted the surrender promptly renamed the colony New York in honor of the Duke of York, who had ordered the expedition. It's just as well, can you hear Frank Sinatra singing "New Amsterdam, New Amsterdam?" The colony had been settled by Peter Minuit, who purchased the land from the Manhattan tribe, for about $24 in trinkits. The Manhattan did not understand the concept of European contracts, and armed conflict resulted. (You never hear that part of the legend, do you?) A barracade was built to keep the Indians out of the settlement, and the location of that wall is today called "Wall Street."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Castelloplan.jpg/400px-Castelloplan.jpg
New Amsterdam 1660
Image courtesy of New York Historical Society

...in 1953, the first transcontinental express bus service was offered by Continental Trailways. The 3,154 mile trip from New York City to San Francisco (via the Lincoln Highway) took 89 hours, including 12 hours of break and rest time. It's hard to believe it took someone as late as 1953 to offer the service. The fare? $56.70. The fare today? $237.00 for a trip that will take 66 hours and 45 minutes. (Interstate 80 is considerably faster than the 1953 version of the Lincoln Highway.)

http://www.classicbusdepot.com/images/uploads/vifmw-4104-4151-3751.jpg
Would you like to spend 89 hours in one of these?
Me, either, but a lot of people did.

...in 1926, Gretta Garbo didn't show up to the wedding for her marriage to John Gilbert. I suppose she vanted to be alone.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Greta_Garbo02_crop.jpg/150px-Greta_Garbo02_crop.jpg
Greta Garbo while filming
Die Freudiose Gasse in 1925.

...in 1966, Gene Roddenberry somehow convinced NBC to buy a science fiction television series that he sold as "Wagon Train to the stars," and Star Trek premiered on this day. The USS Enterprise began its "...five year mission to explore new worlds..." but the mission only lasted three years. Just like Congress cutting funding to NASA's project Apollo, NBC cut funding to the Enterprise by cancelling the show. It lives on in syndication, although now over 40, the series is a little long in the tooth. Today's fans are spoiled by computer graphics and not as tolerant of styrofoam rocks and ship bulkheads that sway when struck. Still, the franchise spun off several series, Next Generation, Deep Space Nine, Voyager and Enterprise, not to mention several movies. The late Gene Roddenberry's wife, Majel Barrett, was Nurse Chapel in the original series, played the part of Deanna Troy's mother in Next Generation and provided the Federation computer voice in all the spin-off series, movies and video games.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/31/STInBeauty.jpg
"Space: the final frontier. These are the voyages of
the starship Enterprise. Its five-year mission: to
explore strange new worlds, to seek out new life
and new civilizations; to boldly go where no man
has gone before."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Due to technical difficulties beyond my control, the morning update is very, very early today, like from last night. (Hey, it's tomorrow somewhere already!) Hopefully, the difficulty will be cleared up by tomorrow. In the mean time, there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 71 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1909, Edward Harriman, the financier and railroad tycoon, passed away. The controversial financial expert worked his way up from being a broker's clerk to having his own seat on the New York Stock Exchange. As part of a consortium of investors, he bought the Union Pacific Railroad Company, which was struggling at the time. By the time Harriman died, he had laid 60,000 miles of track. Most modern folks would never have heard of him, except that he was a funny line in the classic film, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. Butch and Sundance are robbing Woodcock's train for the second time, when he says, "Butch, you know that if it were my money, there is nobody that I would rather have steal it than you. But, you see, I am still in the employment of E. H. Harriman, of Union Pacific Railroad." The financial history of the UPRR is filled with questionable dealings, from the Ames Brothers to Mr. Harriman himself, far more than we have space to discuss. It makes for interesting reading, though, and today, the Union Pacific is the largest railroad in the United States. (His son, Averell Harriman, was a lifelong politician, 48th governor of New York, ambassador to the Soviet Union and Great Britain, and he was the Secretary of State under President Truman.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Edward_Henry_Harriman_1899.jpg/225px-Edward_Henry_Harriman_1899.jpg
Edward H. Harriman (1848-1909)

...in 1942, the Japanese bombed the US mainland. Yes, you read that right. Nobuo Fujita launched a light aircraft from a submarine off the coast of Oregon and flew it over Mount Emily. He dropped a firebomb from his plane, east of Brookings, Oregon and ignited a forest fire that did little damage. President Roosevelt called for a news blackout (would that happen today?) to prevent a hit on public morale. Fujita returned to Japan to train pilots for the duration. (The Japanese also tried bombing the west coast by floating bombs by balloon over the Pacific Ocean, also with little success.) Fujita returned to Brookings in 1962, after the Japanese government was assured he would not be arrested and tried as a war criminal. He gave the city his family's 400 year old Samuri sword in friendship. Fujita was so overwhelmed with the welcome he received that he invited three Brookings students to Japan. He returned to Brookings in 1990 and 1993, and in 1995, he returned and planted a tree at the site of his fire-bombing as a gesture of peace. He died on September 27, 1997 at 85, an honorary citizen of Brookings. His daughter buried some of his ashes at the bomb site.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Fujita%26Glen.jpg
Nobuo Fujita and his float plane. He often
launched from the submarine I-25 on recon
missions and his bombing run over Oregon.

...in 1976, Chairman Mao Zedong died in Beijing. He was the founder of the People Republic of China after defeating General Chiang Kai-Shek in a protracted civil war. Chiang Kai-Shek settled China on the island of Taiwan while Mao began a "cultural revolution" to purge China of Chinese cutoms and traditions, begin to preach Mao's teachings and purge the party of Mao's enemies. He is considered, by some, to be one of the most influential people of the 20th Century.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Nixon_Mao_1972-02-29.png/180px-Nixon_Mao_1972-02-29.png
Mao Zedong and President Richard Nixon in
Beijing, 1972. Chariman Mao made Time Magazine's
list of Top 100 most influential men of the
20th Century, and made the cover three times.

...in 1893, Frances Folsom Cleveland gave birth to a Esther in the White House. She was not the first baby born in the White House, but the first birth to a President. Cleveland had married Frances Folsom in a White House ceremony in 1886. Cleveland lost his 1888 re-election bid, and the newlyweds lived in New York, where Ruth Cleveland was born, launching a popular, but untrue, urban legend that she was the namesake of the Baby Ruth candy bar. Grover Cleveland won the Presidential election in 1892, the first unseated President to return to the White House, setting the stage for the first Presidential birth in the White House.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Esther_Cleveland_%28LOC%29.jpg/200px-Esther_Cleveland_%28LOC%29.jpg
Esther Cleveland (1893 - 1980)
Her sister, "Baby" Ruth Cleveland,
was born in 1891 but died in 1904
from diphtheria. The Baby Ruth
candy bar was not released until
1921 and was not named for her.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 69 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1897, George Smith, a 25 year old taxi driver in London, had the dubious honor of becoming the very first person to be arrested for drunk driving. He collided with a building and was fined 25 shillings. Representatives of MADD were unavailable for comment.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Don%27t_Mix_%27Em_1937.jpg/180px-Don%27t_Mix_%27Em_1937.jpg
1937 safety poster

...in 1813, commanding a fleet of nine ships, Captain Oliver Hazard Perry took on a British squadron of six ships in Lake Erie during the War of 1812. When Perry's flagship was rendered useless, he moved to the Niagra and continued the battle. When it was over, the victorious Perry sent his famous message to U.S. General William Henry Harrison, "We have met the enemy, and they are ours." The loss forced the British to abandon Detroit, allowing American control over the Great Lakes area.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c0/Operry.jpg/250px-Operry.jpg
Oliver Hazard Perry (1785 - 1819)
He died at the age of 34, not in battle
but from yellow fever, contracted from
mosquitoes while aboard the
USS Nonsuch, exploring the
Orinoco River in Venezuela.

...in 1977, Hamida Djamdoubi, a convicted murderer from Tunisia became the last person to be executed in France by means of Madame Guillotine. The invention of Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, the decapitating machine was thought to be more humane than firing squad or hanging. The guillotine, named for Guillotin, was first used in 1792 to carry out the sentence against a highwayman. It was used during the French Revolution when more than 10,000 people lost their heads, including King Louis XVI and Marie "Let them eat cake" Antoinette. While the last execution with the machine was in 1977, France outlawed capital punishment in 1981, but there is a museum, dedicated to the guillotine, in Liden, Sweeden.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Joseph-Ignace_Guillotin_cropped.JPG/168px-Joseph-Ignace_Guillotin_cropped.JPG
Joseph Ignace-Guillotin
Those who danced with Madam
Guillotine came away a little bit
shorter.

...in 1998, President Bill Clinton apologized to his cabinet for the Monica Lewinski scandal.

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_jvugNnBkwBw/SSHuUK_CrwI/AAAAAAAADwU/mRFuDAZ_Rto/s320/monica-lewinsky.jpg
Well, thanks and all that, but can I
just have my blue dress back?

...in 1881, a stagecoach robbery in Tombstone, Arizona, heightened the tension in an already taught community. A posse was called by Sheriff John Behan and included Morgan and Wyatt Earp. Based on a footprint, the posse arrested Frank Stillwell, a former deputy. Cochise County ranching powers, the Clantons and the McLaureys, saw the arrest not as justice but an Earp power play to try to loosen the grip the Clantons and McLaurys had on county politics. The tensions would continue to mount until the shootout at the OK Corral in October.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, No news, no developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 31 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

We all know what happened on September 11, 2001 but there were many other events that happened before 2001 that are overshadowed by this black date. Here are a few of those, and then we'll look at the big event of the date. Our administrator has prevented the use of more than ten images in any one post, so today's update is broken into two parts. I'm sorry, but that's the way it is.

...in 1814, during the battle of Plattsburg, Master Commandant Thomas MacDonough, commanding a newly built American fleet, destroyed a British squadron and sent them back to Canada on foot. The victory prevented an invasion of New York and moved negotiations closer to the Treaty of Ghent, ending The War of 1812.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Macdono.jpg
Master Commandant Thomas MacDonough

...in 1903, the Milwaukee Mile opened at State Fair Park for automobile races. It is the oldest major speedway in the world, still in operation, and the track itself has been in place since the 1870's when it was used for horse racing. When automobiles started to proliferate, the track offered automobile races. It remained unpaved, and offered both auto and horse races until 1954 when the track was paved. The venue has also been the location of concerts and the Green Bay Packers played football games in the infield, even winning the NFL Championship game there in 1939.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/MilwaukeeMilePanorama.jpg/900px-MilwaukeeMilePanorama.jpg
Panoramic view of the Milwaukee Mile

...in 1971, the most colorful character of the Cold War, Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev, died in Moscow. He is probably best remembered for his role in the 1963 Cuban Missile Crisis, when Khrushchev and President John F. Kennedy played a game of chicken with nuclear warheads. (A new book about the crisis, One Minute to Midnight, offers new material and previously unpublished photos and data of the crisis and is a must read for all Americans.) Khrushchev is also remembered for taking off his shoe at the United Nations and beating on the table with it to make his point. On that visit to the United States, during the Eisenhower Administration, he made a whirlwind tour of the country and was greatly disappointed that security concerns prevented a visit to Disneyland.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Dwight_Eisenhower_Nikita_Khrushchev_and_their_wive s_at_state_dinner_1959.png/180px-Dwight_Eisenhower_Nikita_Khrushchev_and_their_wive s_at_state_dinner_1959.png
From left to right: Nina Kukharchuk (Khrushchev's wife), Mamie Eisenhower (Eisenhower's wife), Nikita Khrushchev and Dwight Eisenhower at a state dinner in 1959.
Photo from the National Archives and Records Administration.

...in 1921, Fatty Arbuckle was arrested in San Francisco for the rape and murder of actress Virginia Rappe. He was acquitted of the spurious charges, but the press had already ruined his career as one of the most brilliant comic actors of the silent era.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Arbuckle-Roscoe-01.jpg
Roscoe Conkling
"Fatty" Arbuckle
(1887-1933)

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

...in 2001, four American airliners were hijacked by Muslim extremists with intentions of launching the largest act of terrorism ever attempted in the United States. Two planes were flown into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, one was flown into the Pentagon and the fourth plane, reportedly headed for the Capitol, crashed in Pennsylvania while passengers were attempting to retake the plane. 2,974 people perished in the attacks, not including the 19 hijackers, as if any sane person cares what happened to them. 24 more are stlll listed as missing, presumed to have been vaporized. The majority of the victims were innocent civilians, representing more than 90 countries. 55 military personel perished in the crash at the Pentagon and 411 first responders perished in New York City while attempting to rescue others. NYFD lost 341 firefighters and two paramedics. The NYPD lost 23 officers and the Port Authority lost 37 officers. 8 private EMT's also perished. Flight 93 was retaken by the passengers aboard. The cockpit flight recorder has a command by one of the terrorists to "Roll the plane," when he realized the plane was about to be retaken. It crashed in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, about two miles off the Lincoln Highway.

We all remember where we were when we heard the news. The Kat Lady and I were in Iowa, riding across the Iowa countryside in Sonja, our 1929 Model A Ford. Without a radio, we were in blissful ignorance of the days events until we arrived in Amana. Cars were lined up at a gas station for more than a quarter of a mile, giving us a clue that something was powerfully wrong. We checked into a hotel in Cedar Rapids and spent the evening watching news reports, in total shock at the days events.

The images are burned into my memory, as I am sure in yours; as well. Here is a little of what 9/11 looked like.

Digitized images from video of the second plane crashing into the WTC. Used under fair use statement of the copyright holder, CNN.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d4/Story.crash.sequence.jpg

Photo of damage at Ground Zero, shot by a Sailor on duty. This is a public domain photograph.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/September_17_2001_Ground_Zero_04.jpg/480px-September_17_2001_Ground_Zero_04.jpg

Photo of Pennsylvania crash site of Flight 93 - public domain photograph.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/UA93_crash_site_noborder.jpg/800px-UA93_crash_site_noborder.jpg

Twin Towers burning as Statue of Liberty watches. Public domain photograph.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/National_Park_Service_9-11_Statue_of_Liberty_and_WTC_fire.jpg

The Pentagon after the crash of Flight 77. The resulting flames from the impact were so hot that most of the plane was vaporized. The tin-foil beanie conspiracy crowd still believes that since no airplance can be seen, there was no plane crash but a planted explosive device.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Pentagon_crach_site.jpg/800px-Pentagon_crach_site.jpg

Debris from the aircraft was scattered, but the tin-foil beanie crowd claims the schrapnel was placed. Public domain photograph.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flight_77_wreckage_at_Pentagon.jpg/800px-Flight_77_wreckage_at_Pentagon.jpg

Collapse of the North Tower. Photo used here under fair usage permitted by the copyright holder.

http://www.civil.usyd.edu.au/latest/wtc_collapse1.jpg

The view from space is indicative of the size of the plumes of smoke from the fires. Public domain photograph by NASA.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Manhattan_on_September_12_-_Landsat7.jpg/800px-Manhattan_on_September_12_-_Landsat7.jpg

Of course, whenever there is a major catastrophe, there are lunatics that want to place blame and this event seems to attract more conspiracy theorists than others. There are those of the tin-foil beanie persuasion who believe that this entire day's events were all staged by the United States government, some of them so filled with hatred for President George Bush that they lay the entire conspiracy at his feet - after telling us how dumb he is. Sadly, many of these fruitcakes are well-known celebrities. Their main argument is that airplanes are not capable of collapsing a building and therefore, the twin towers were brought down by controlled demolition, using charges that were placed by government black-bag operatives. They also claim that since there was no airplane found inside the Pentagon, the explosion had to be from pre-placed charges or a missile. (Um, Dude, where is the airplane then, and where are all those people who were aboard it? Are they living in Shangri-La?) Look at these photos and try to see what they do - it is not possible - and don't give any of them the time of day.

(A rather entertaining debunking of the 9/11 conspiracy theorists was created by Penn & Teller for their cable television show, Penn & Teller's Bull$417 which has been placed up on YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kcrF346sS_I) but be warned, it is loaded with course language and just makes you want to...well, you were warned.)

In the aftermath...steel from the WTC debris was recycled and used to build the LPD 21 USS New York. The San Antonio Class warship is an amphibious transport dock, the letters stand for Landing Platform Dock. A well in the aft the ship can be flooded to launch and recover amphibious assault vehicles. The motto of the LPD 21 USS New York is "Never Forget."

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Sept11/NY911.jpg
The San Antonio Class warship has its own website (http://www.ussnewyork.com/index.html).

God Bless all those who perished in the terrorist attacks. God Bless the first responders who are there for us. God Bless those who sail aboard the USS New York in harm's way.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 61 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1953, in Newport, Rhode Island was the location of the wedding between Senator John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Bouvier. In 1961, they would become the youngest President and First Lady in American history. Jack and Jaquie were married in St. Mary's Church in front of 750 witnesses.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jacqueline_Bouvier_Kennedy_Onassis2.jpg/180px-Jacqueline_Bouvier_Kennedy_Onassis2.jpg

...in 1953, Nikita Khrushchev was elected to the position of First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, making him the premier after the death of Joseph Stalin. The irony is that the anniversary of his death is September 11.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/Yuri_Gagarin_and_Nikita_Khrushchev_14_April_1961.j pg/140px-Yuri_Gagarin_and_Nikita_Khrushchev_14_April_1961.j pg
Nikita Khrushchev with
Yuri Gagarin, the first man
into space.

...in 2003, country music legend Johnny Cash died in Nashville, at the age of 71. His music career lasted over 40 years. He signed with Sun Records (Sun also signed Elvis Presley) in 1954. His first hit, I Walk The Line came in 1956. In 1957, he performed at the Grand Ol' Opry, dressed all in black. He earned the name The Man In Black as a result and the legend grew. His distinctive voice and haunting lyrics (with the exception, perhaps, of A Boy Named "Sue") earned him 11 Grammy Awards with 48 hits on the Billboard charts. He was the only performer to be in both the Country Music and Rock and Roll Halls of Fame. He is buried next to his wife, June Carter Cash, who preceeded him in death by just four months.

http://yeahpot.com/cash/images/13.jpg
Johnny Cash, June Carter Cash and
John Carter Cash

...in 1912, Indianapolis entrepreneuer, showman, automobile salesman and motoring enthusiast Carl G. Fisher, proposed a transcontinental highway that would run from New York to San Francisco. The ambitious plan was to finish the highway in time for the Panama-Pacific Expostion in San Francisco. Called the Coast-to-Coast Rock Highway, Fisher thought it could be built for $10,000,000.00, a very optimistic estimate, even in 1912 dollars. The plan was fraught with difficulties, especially when Henry Ford refused to participate in the adventure. Ford, with his usual pragmatic vision, said that building roads was a government responsibilty and not a private enterprise. Henry B. Joy, President of Packard Motor Company stepped forward as a supporter of the highway plan. He proposed that the highway be named for, and dedicated as a memorial to, Abraham Lincoln. Joy became President of the Lincoln Highway Association, helped lay out the Proclamation Route, and promoted the fastest route across the United States. Today, the route of the busiest highway in the Interstate System, I-80 closely parallels the Lincoln Highway, proving that Joy had the vision for the highway of the future. The Lincoln Highway predates Route 66 by 14 years and is 1,200 miles longer - making it most worthy of the title, The Mother Road.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/LH-Map-75.jpg/800px-LH-Map-75.jpg
The proclamation route of the Lincoln Highway led travelers from Times Square, through New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada
and California to San Francisco. The original route followed west from Pittsburgh to East
Liverpool, Ohio along the north shore of the Ohio River, but was changed to a southern route
that goes through West Virginia. Henry Joy avoided major cities when possible and may have
inadvertantly invented the by-pass. The Lincoln Highway travels around the south edge of
Chicago, avoiding the city entirely. A loop to Denver, created to appease miffed officials of
Colorado for not making the route, was quietly dropped in 1915.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Im000250.jpg
In 2003, Sonja and I were lucky enough
to join 54 other nuts on a cross country
trip following the Lincoln Highway.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/20050517fls_cyber_hwayPJ02_450.jpg
US 30 follows The Lincoln Highway
through much of the eastern part of
the United States.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Im000524.jpg
Somewhere in Nebraska, the west begins
where the east peters out.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Im001185.jpg
Today, the Lincoln Highway crosses the San Francisco
Bay Bridge. Before 1938, you had to take a ferry to continue
your journey on the Lincoln Highway.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 76 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 2009, this entry was removed because it was incorrect.

...in 1814, Francis Scott Key had gone to Baltimore, to negotiate with the British, for the release of his friend, Dr. William Beanes, who had been taken prisoner by British forces during the War of 1812. He was able to secure the relearse of Dr. Beanes but British authorities would not allow them to leave until they had completed the bombardment of Fort McHenry. Key watched the bombardment from over 8 miles away. After one day of total bombardment, fort McHenry still stood but more importantly, the American flag still flew above the fort. Key began to write the immortal words, inspired by the single flag, still waving in the "...dawn's early light."

http://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_Si/nmah/images/banner.jpg
The flag that flew over Fort McHenry and
inspired Francis Scott Key to write the Star
Spangled Banner is a prized possession of
the Smithsonian Museum, where it has resided
since 1912.

"And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air,
Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there."

Key's poem began to run in newspapers and became quite popular. The poem was set to a tune by John Stafford Smith called To Anacreon in Heaven which was an English drinking song. By the time President Woodrow Wilson announced, in 1916, that the song should be played before all national events, it had become known as The Star Spangled Banner. It became the National Anthem in 1931.

...in 1965, Louis Armstrong was awarded the Grammy for Best Male Vocalist for his recording of Hello, Dolly! "Satchmo" was born in New Orleans in 1901 in a rough part of the city and was sent to reform school after shooting a gun into the air. While at school, he learned to play the cornet and with his natural talent, was soon playing in jazz clubs around the city. He went to Chicago in 1922 then New York in 1924, then began making recordings in 1925. One of the most important and influential developers of jazz, "Satchmo" died in 1971.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Louis_Armstrong_restored.jpg/250px-Louis_Armstrong_restored.jpg
His nickname, "Satchmo" was short
for "Satchelmouth,"a reference to his
embouchure. The name was coined by
Percy Brooks in 1932.

...in 1936, at the age of 17, "Rapid" Robert Feller struck out 17 Philadelphia A's in a game with the Cleveland Indians. The effort tied the strikeout record of Dizzy Dean, a record he would top with 18 strikeouts on the last day of the 1938 season. The record stood until 1969 when it was broken by Steve Carlton. Feller amassed a record of 266-162 over his 20 year career, which was actually only 16 years since he spent four years in the Navy. He also pitched three no-hitters in 1940, 1946 and 1951. Bob Feller was also inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1962, the first year of his eligibility.

http://www.powerlineblog.com/bob_feller1.jpg

...in 1981, Margaret Chase Smith (December 14, 1897 - May 29, 1995) was elected to the Senate from Maine, the first woman to be elected to both houses of the legislative branch. She was also the first woman to be nominated for President, in 1964, losing the bid to Barry Goldwater. At the time of her retirement, she set the record for the longest serving woman Senator.

http://www.uma.edu/assets/images/mwhof/awwwMSmith.JPG

That's it. That's all we know as of 1:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 58 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1901, President William McKinley died of complications from a gunshot wound he suffered at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. Under McKinley, the US went to war with Spain, won handily in just three months, and took on Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Phillipines as protectorates. Although he was under criticism for his outlook on big business, he was immensely popular and easily beat William Jennings Bryan in his reelction bid. He was shot at the Exposition by Polish-American anarchist, Leon Czolgoz, who was arrested and convicted of murder after McKinley died from gangrene. Czolgoz was executed shortly afterward.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/McKinleyAssassination.jpg/260px-McKinleyAssassination.jpg
Drawing by T. Dart Walker (1869 - 1914)

...in 1965, aguably the worst television series ever, or ever conceived, premiered. (Sitcom, not Jerry Springer, who wins the "Worst Show" title, hands down.) Called My Mother, The Car, the series ran from September 1965 to September 1966, and featured Ann Southern as David Crabtree's (Jerry Van Dyke) mother, reincarnated as a 1928 Porter automobile. There was no Porter, the one-of-a-kind automobile was built as a combination of Model T, Maxwell, Hudson and modern Chevrolet. A second Porter was built, without floorboards, allowing a stuntman to drive, making the car appear driverless. Both cars exist, the stunt car is on display in Tennessee and the other is in the hands of a Canadian collector. There were 30 episodes made but none have been seen since the series was cancelled. It might have been before its time, though, as the talking car concept worked quite well as Knight Rider in the 80's and made an unsuccessful come-back last year. I hear Jerry Van Dyke is available for a talking car series.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/89/63-17017.jpg

Believe me, if you never saw the show, you haven't missed a thing.

...in 1959, the Soviet Union became the first to reach the moon when a probe crash landed on the lunar surface. The successful launch of Sputnik and the moon probe were a major propaganda win for the Soviets, but also bruised American pride and served to launch an accelerated space program that reached its pinnacle in 1969, when Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e3/Luna_2.jpg
The Soviet Union probe, Luna 2, made it to
the moon after several failed attempts. It was the
first man made object to impact the moon. Luna 1
missed the moon by 6,000 kilometers and entered
orbit around the sun.

...in 1960, the Organization of the Petrolium Exporting Countries was founded by Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. OPEC has since added eight more members, but showed its power and influence by an oil embargo in 1973. Long lines for gasoline resulted, along with soaring prices and resulted in American automobiles being downsized and an emphasis was made on economy. Current price fluctuations demonstrate that 35 years later, the American government still doesn't get it.

http://www.people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch5en/appl5en/img/opec.gif

...in 1982, Princess Grace of Monaco died in a tragic automobile accident, after she plunged 45 feet down an enbankment after a stroke. As Grace Kelly, she was endeared to American audiences in To Catch a Thief, Rear Window and High Society before she chucked it all to marry Prince Rainier of Monaco in 1956.

http://www.edhumphries.com/wp-content/uploads/grace-kelly.jpg
Her Serene Highness The Princess of Monaco
November 12, 1929 - September 14, 1982

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 45 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming (Aug 6, 1881 - Mar 11, 1955) discovered penicilin, quite by accident. As he later said, "When I woke up just after dawn on September 15, 1928, I certainly didn't plan to revolutionize all medicine by discovering the world's first antibiotic, or bacteria killer but I guess that was exactly what I did." Fleming was a brilliant man but organizationally challenged, in fact, his lab was usually in disarray. He returned from a vacation only to find that petri dishes, that he not cleaned before leaving, were growing out of control. He noticed that in one dish, staphylococci growth had been arrested, in fact, the staphylococci was eradicated. He was able to isolate an extract from mold that had grown in the dish, from the Penicillium genus, so he named the new agent "penicillin." It would take three more researchers about 15 years to zero in on the agent and learn how to mass produce it, but Fleming is credited as starting the era of modern antibiotics on this date in 1928.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/PenicillinPSAedit.jpg
The "miracle cure" found lots of uses.

...in 1940, the tide turned in the Battle of Britain as a handful of RAF pilots downed 56 Luftwaffe aircraft. Officials of the Luftwaffe were convinced that gaining superiority over Bristain was impossible, and the next day, the bold daytime bombing raids were changed to night bombing, an admission of defeat. The Wermacht had run over most of Europe, leaving Britain the last free European state. Winston Churchill assured the world that Britain would "...never surrender." Germany would continue air raids, but by the Spring of 1941, the Battle of Britain was over. The victory over an overwhelming force prompted Winston Churchill to make his famous speech, crediting the hardy RAF fliers by saying, "Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Bundesarchiv_Bild_141-0678%2C_Flugzeuge_Heinkel_He_111.jpg
German Heinkel HE 111 bombers over the English Channel. 56 Luftwaffe aircraft were
downed by the RAF on this date, essentially bringing about the end of the Battle of Britain.

...in 1909, Ford Motor Company, on the verge of dominating the automobile market, was close to going under. An attorney (of course) by the name of George Selden had secured a patent for a "Road Engine" in the early 1890's, without actually ever building such a device. He successfully bullied several manufacturers of automobiles into an association that paid royalties to him. Henry Ford was excluded from membership because the owners of Oldsmobile stood to lose a lot of business to the upstart Ford. Ford went ahead and made cars anyway, and the Selden association sued for patent infringement. It took until 1909 for a judge to rule in favor of the association. On this date, Ford appealed, and in 1911, the decision was overturned, breaking the Selden patent and opening the automobile market to anyone.

http://inventors.about.com/library/graphics/selden.gif
In 1911, a judge finally ruled that Selden's patent
did not fully describe an automobile, and since Selden
had not actually ever built a prototype, the patent was
invalid. With the breaking of the Selden Patent, the way
was cleared for Henry Ford to dominate the market with
the venerable Model T.

...in 1959, Nikita Krushchev became the first Soviet leader to visit the United States. As we learned a couple of days ago, Krushchev succeeded Joseph Stalin after his death in 1954. Most leaders expected Krushchev to be an extension of Stalin, but he was more moderate and announced the concept of "peaceful coexistence" with the United States. He toured the United States, mostly as a good will gesture, and was most disapponted that he was not able to visit Disneyland.

...in 1890, Mary Clarissa Agatha Miller was born in Torquay, Devon, England. She began making up stories as a child, along with her mother and older sister, Madge. She married Colonel Archibald Christie in 1914, and while he was off in the war, she worked in a pharmacy and learned a great deal about poisons. Her sister challenged her to write a novel, and The Mysterious Affair at Styles introduced Hercule Poirot to the world. Poirot would appear in 25 more novels over the next 25 years. Agatha Christie wrote over 80 novels, 30 short story collections and 15 plays. Under the pen name of Mary Westmacott, she published six romance novels, too. She killed Hercule Poirot in Curtain: Hercule Poirot's Last Case prompting a front page obituary in the New York Times. She was knighted in 1971, and died in 1976, about a year after the death of Poirot.

http://www.mysterynet.com/images/mn/greats/christie.jpg
The Queen of Mystery

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 22 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1620, the Mayflower departed Plymouth, England for the Jamestown Colony in Virginia. The venture was part religious separatists who wanted to get away from the Church of English but was also part entrepreneural venture, backed by a group of investors who expected a piece of the profits from the venture. The ship was blown off course and wound up on the tip of what is now Cape Cod. Miles Standish led an armed party ashore, further inland, to find a suitable place to build a settlement, which they named Plymouth. A large stone in the area became known as "Plymouth Rock." The first Winter was difficult, with half the colonists dying from disease. By 1640, the colony was overshadowed by its neighbor to the north, the Masschussetts Bay Colony, settled by the Puritans in 1629. (I was recently surprised to learn that my 11th great-grandfather, William Colver, settled in the colony in 1630.) The term "pilgrim" was not applied to the Plymouth colonists until the early 19th Century, and when Daniel Webster used the term "Pilgrim's Fathers" during a bicentenial celebration in 1829, and the term came into common usage.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/54/Plymouth_-_Plymouth_Rock_Monument.JPG/250px-Plymouth_-_Plymouth_Rock_Monument.JPG
The current location of Plymouth Rock. The rock has
been split in two, moved several times, and been the target
of souvenir hunters. The Pilgrims actually landed on the tip
of Cape Cod and later moved to the location of rock.

...in 1908, William Crapo "Billy" Durant founded General Motors by bringing Buick, Oldsmobile and Cadillac together. Durant was within hours of adding Ford Motor Company to the GM lineup during the dark hours of the Selden Patent trial (see yesterday's update) but was unable to meet Henry Ford's buyout terms. When the Selden Patent was overturned, GM and Ford became bitter rivals, with GM surpassing Ford as the largest automobile maker in 1929. Durant added Chevrolet, Fisher Body in Flint, Michigan, Frigidaire and the Dayton Engineering Laboratories (Delco) to the GM lineup. The pinnacle of GM arrogance was reached in 1953, when GM President Charles E. Wison was being confirmed as President Eisenhower's Secretary of Defense. During the hearings, he said, "...for years I thought what was good for the country was good for General Motors and vice versa." The quote has often been garbled and misinterpreted, the most famous was a new character in Al Kapp's Li'l Abner named General Bullmoose, who's famous repeating line was, "What's good for General Bullmoose is good for the USA." The OPEC oil embargo hit GM hard in 1973 and government regulations forced downsizing of the entire line in 1978 and 1979. Eroding sales, fueled by government design requirements and crippling labor contracts, forced GM to close several plants in the United States. a program that is still underway. GM is still struggling and recently came under control of the Obama Administration after accepting government bail-out money.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/biobullmoose.jpg
Al Kapp's General Bullmoose, who's goal
was to own all the money in the world and
lived by Mr. Wilson's philosphy, "What's good
for General Bullmoose is good for the USA -
and vice-versa!"

...in 1893, at the sound of a gun, 100,000 people began pouring into the Cherokee Strip of Oklahoma to stake claims of the best acreage available. Some were surprised to find that the most choice acreage was already claimed by people who were already in the territory when the gun sounded. Those settlers earned the nickname of "Sooners" and the name stuck.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/1975-178-780.jpg

...in 1949, the soon-to-be-famous "BEEP! BEEP!" was first heard in the cartoon Fast And Furry-ous as the Road Runner made its debut. The voice was supplied, of course, by Mel Blanc. The name, and the famous "BEEP! BEEP!" was contracted by Chrysler Corporation in the late 1960's for a line of Plymoth muscle cars called "Road Runner." The powerful (and very fast) car was saddled with the rediculous horn, too, much to the embarrassment of many winners of the stop light Grand Prix.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3b/FastAndFurryous.jpg/200px-FastAndFurryous.jpg
Oops! From Fast and Furry-ous (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_iS-9oh8nkc)
Click on the title to watch the cartoon.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Part of skull found near Somerset
Identifying human remains could take weeks to months

By PAUL SHOCKLEY Link: The Grand Junction Daily Sentinel (http://www.gjsentinel.com/hp/content/news/stories/2009/09/15/091609_1a_remains_found.html)
Tuesday, September 15, 2009

Identification of human remains found over the weekend on a rugged, remote hillside north of Somerset could take weeks to months, Gunnison County officials said Tuesday.

The remains — a skull missing its lower jaw and other human bones scattered in a roughly 100-foot radius around the skull — were found Saturday by a worker who was clearing trees, according to Gunnison County Sheriff Rick Murdie.

“No flesh, nothing ... it had been there a good long time,” Murdie said, who declined to offer a time frame estimate.

Murdie and Gunnison County Coroner Frank Vader said Tuesday that a determination of sex and age for the remains had not been made.

Aside from the skull, Vader said “associated artifacts” were found nearby, including unspecified bones and an item of clothing Vader declined to describe in detail.

The skull and bones were all found in plain view; none was partially buried, Murdie said.

The skull had two remaining upper teeth. When asked if he believed the teeth were still in a condition that would allow a viable comparison to dental records, Murdie said, “Yes, I think they would be.”

The remains were turned over to the Gunnison County Coroner’s Office on Monday after deputies had searched the area around the find Sunday.

Murdie said they’ll be returning to the area soon.

Murdie described the land as heavily wooded on private property, behind a locked gate, and on a roughly 50-degree slope.

“It has been logged and it’s some of the nastiest country I’ve been around in a long time,” he said. “You couldn’t get me to hunt out there and don’t believe anyone else would.”

The property owners, who were not identified, have cooperated with investigators, Murdie said.

Murdie said Gunnison County has no active missing persons cases and they were in the process Tuesday of contacting surrounding agencies about Saturday’s discovery.

Mesa County Sheriff’s spokeswoman Heather Benjamin said they hadn’t heard from Gunnison County.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were human remains found in Colorado (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/human-remains-found-near-hotchkiss-colorado-55875/) over the weekend, but reliable sources have told us that the remains are not related to Paige's case. There was no other news and no other developments yesterday.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 58 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1787, "We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America." On this date, the preamble you just read became the law of the land as the Constitution was ratified. Have you ever read it? I mean, have you ever actually read it? The amendments and phrases get tossed around pretty freely, and it is painfully obvioius that many who talk about it have never read it, let alone, understand it. You can read it on the website of the US Constitution. Read it soon. The United States Constitution - The U.S. Constitution Online - USConstitution.net (http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Constitution_Pg1of4_AC.jpg/220px-Constitution_Pg1of4_AC.jpg

...in 1976, (THAT'S the spirit!) NASA unveiled the first space shuttle, Enterprise, in California. Enterprise became the first shuttle to fly when it was launched from a specially equipped Boeing 747 at 25,000 feet. It glided back to Edwards AFB with no trouble. Columbia was launched on April 12, 1981 on the first mission and returned, unpowered, to Edwards AFB. The navigational computer was a Hewlett-Packard hand-held calculator, a model 41-C. The Challenger exploded at 00:01:14 into a mission on January 28, 1986, killing all seven astronauts, setting the program back at least 2 years. Sadly, on February 1, 2003, the venerable Columbia disintigrated on re-entry. All seven astronauts perished in that tradgedy. Despite all that, the fleet of shuttles successfully completed many missions, including satillite launching, repair and recovery, scientific measurements, repair of the Hubble Telescope, not to mention, the building, equiping, and support of the International Space Station. A new shuttle fleet was in development, to replace the fleet of craft that uses 35+ year old designs, but the project has not received any new funding and has stopped. Until another way is found into space, Americans will ride on Russian Soyuz launch and space vehicles.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Space_shuttle_enterprise_star_trek.jpg
The Enterprise premiered at the Palmdale manufacturing facility in 1976 with members
of the cast and crew of Star Trek television series. L to R, Dr. James Fletcher of NASA,
DeForest Kelly, George Takei, James Doohan, Nichelle Nichols, Leonard Nimoy, Gene Roddenberry,
George Low of NASA, and Walter Koenig.

...in 1862, the Battle of Antietam became the bloodiest day in American history. General Robert E. Lee and his army of Northern Virginia fought General George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac fought to a draw along the banks of the Maryland creek. McClellan did not know that he held a huge numerical advantage over Lee, and for some unknown reason, did not follow him as Lee retreated into Virginia. (Some historians say that had McClellan given pursuit, the war could have ended shortly after Antietam.) A week later, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. This changed the focus of the war from unification to both unification and the end of slavery.

...in 1916, Manfred von Richtofen shot down his first enemy plane over Cambrai, France during WWI. Von Richtofen was the son of nobility and became a star pupil of the leading German pilot. He shot down British Second Leftenant Lionel Morris. Von Richtofen followed the aircraft down, and landed where it did. Leftenant Morris and his copilot had mortal wounds, and von Richtofen honored him by placing a marker on the grave. After his first confirmed victory on this date, he ordered a silver cup from a jeweller in Berlin, engraved with the date and type of aircraft he shot down. He continued to do this until he had 60 cups, at which time, silver became too scarse in Germany. Near the end of the war, von Richtofen was assigned a new plane, a Fokker triplane, which he had painted bright red to honor his old cavalry regiment. Although he only flew the plane for 8 months, he is best remembered for it and the nicknames it earned for him. In Gemany, he was known as Der Rote Kampffleiger (The Red Battle Flier) while he was alive. That name was used for the title of his 1917 autobiography. In France, he was known as Le Diable Rouge ("The Red Devil") and Le Petit Rouge (Little Red.) It was not until after his death that he became known as Der Rote Baron, The Red Baron. On April 21, 1918, The Red Baron was shot down and killed over the Somme River (not by Snoopy in a Sopwith Camel, either) after he had shot down 80 enemy aircraft, securing his place in history as one of the greatest air aces of World War I, in fact, of all time.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/64/Mvrredbaron.jpg/200px-Mvrredbaron.jpg
Manfred Freihaerr von Richthofen
"Freihaerr" is a German title of nobility,
similar to a baron in England. He is
shown wearing the Blue Max, the
highest military award offered by
Germany at the time.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/RoteBaron.JPG/800px-RoteBaron.J
A replica of von Richtofen's Fokker Dr 1. Although he is most associated with this aircraft, he did not use the Dr 1
that much and he probably had less than 20 of his 80 kills using the Fokker Dr 1.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

Personal comment: It somehow seems rahter rude to remember one
of the greatest fliers of all time by naming a frozen pizza after him.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 59 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1975, Patty Hearst was arrested in her San Francisco apartment. On February 4, 1974, the 19 year old heiress to the Hearst newspaper fortune, was abducted by a group calling themselves the Symbionese Liberation Army. Later that same February, Hearst was seen on a surveilance tape during a bank robbery. Later, she said in a video tape that she had joined the SLA of her own free will. She was convicted of bank robbery and sentenced to seven years, but the sentence was commuted by President Jimmy Carter and she received a full pardon from President Bill Clinton.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/Patty_Hearst.jpg/225px-Patty_Hearst.jpg
Patty Hearst in an SLA poster.

...in 1955, the 2,000,000 Ford V-8 engine was built, after 23 years of production. The Ford V-8 was not a new concept in 1932, in fact, several manufacturers had been building V-8 engines for many years in expensive cars. Those engines were manufactured with an expensive process that put two separate castings together. The Ford V-8 engine was the first cast as a single block, a process that most engineers had given up as impossible. Ford engineers, including Charles "Cast Iron Charlie" Sorensen perfected the process of manufacturing the single-casting Flathead Ford. Ford's arch-rival, Chevrolet, did not offer a V-8 until 1955.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/1932_engine.jpg
20,000,000th Ford V8

...in 1964, speaking of Chevrolet, Route 66 disappeared into the sunset as it ended it's four year run on CBS. (The last new episode ran in May, but it continued in reruns until September.) The weekly drama featured Martin Milner as Tod Stiles, George Maharis as Buz Murdock and a Corvette by Chevrolet Motor Division. The two young men traveled the famous highway (well, not really) between Chicago and Los Angles in the Corvette, finding interesting characters along the way. Episodes were set in locations from Maine to California and were seldom on, or even close to, the famous highway. Tod, Buz and the Corvette were the only recurring characters, each week, the pair encountered a new cast and found their way into the lives of the characters in each town. Besides the Corvette, the series is also remembered for the catchy theme, written by Nelson Riddle. It offered great cinimatography and thoughtful, often dark, scripts that examined life in America in the early 1960s. An attempt was made to revive the show in the early 1990s, but the magic is gone because time moves on. Today, almost all of the highway, Route 66, has been paved over by a series of Interstate highways and, except for fans of nostalgia and historic highways, interest in Route 66 has faded. The 1990s series also folded quickly. Nelson Riddle's catchy theme song was the second television theme to make the Billboard Top 30 and is still heard on many radio stations.

Click on the link to see the closing credits of an episode entitled "Lizard's Leg and Owlet's Wing," from the 1962 season, on You Tube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVwWrdn6hQk) and hear Nelson Riddle's distinctive theme song. There is also a website, called Ohio Route 66, that features stills from the show with modern photos of the same settings. You can visit the site at Ohio Route 66 (http://www.ohio66.com/default.asp).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/65/Route66bnov.jpg/270px-Route66bnov.jpg
Buz (George Maharis) and Tod (Martin Milner)
take a ferry in the series premiere, October 7,1960.
No one ever seemed to notice that Chevrolet
provided a new Corvette each season, something
that the lead character, Tod, would not have been able
to afford to do. Contrary to myth, the car was not red.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 22 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1932, Ab Jenkins, known as a "Son of the Salt" set yet another record at the Bonneville Salt Flats. Born David Abbott Jenkins on January 25, 1883 in Spanish Fork, Utah, he was a sign painter, carpenter, mason and building contractor. In 1926, long before the days of Interstate Highways, he drove from New York to San Francisco in 86 hours and 26 minutes. That's 5,186 minutes, or a little more than 3-1/2 days. (I drove the same route in 2003 in a 1929 Ford; it took me 16 days, just to give you an idea of his accomplishment.) As a devout member of the Church of Latter Day Saints, he named all his race cars "Mormon Meteor." On this date in 1932, on the Salt Flats, Jenkins completed a 24 hour solo run of 2,710 miles in a single day, driving a stock Pierce-Arrow. Jenkins died in 1956 at Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin, where he was to drive the pace car. Ab Jenkins set more records at the Bonneville Salt Flats than anyone else, truly, a Man of the Salt.

http://www.lib.utah.edu/static-content/marriottlibrary/files/images/p36_1.jpg
Ab Jenkins, Son of the Salt

...in 1959, Nikita Krushchev, as we told you about a few days ago, was not allowed to visit Disneyland when his whirlwind tour of the US came to Los Angeles. He did get to visit a soundstage of 20th Century Fox, where the film Can-Can was in production. He was surrounded by the cast, including Shirley MacLaine and Juliet Prowse. Frank Sinatra served as the impromptu MC of the event, thrilling Krushchev until he was insulted at lunch by Spyros P. Skouras. Upon learning he could not visit Disneyland, he exploded and asked, "Is there an epidemic of cholera there or something? Have gangsters taken hold of the place that can destroy me?" He did continue his tour of California without further incident and met with President Dwight Eisenhower in Washington, D.C.

http://media.smithsonianmag.com/images/Nikita-Khrushchev-with-Shirley-MacLaine-Can-Can-7.jpg
Krushchev with Shirley McLaine

...in 1956, the game show, You Bet Your Life ended its nine year run on radio. The show continued on television until 1961 with the venerable Groucho Marx as the host. (I don't think the cancellation of the show on radio had anything to do with Marx as much as it did with television killing network radio programming in the 1950s, as I remember Jack Benny's radio show coming to an end, too.) In 1947, when the show started, Groucho's fans were disappointed that the well known comic and movie star had stepped down to hosting a game show, but Groucho immediately turned it into an outlet for his sharp, wisecracking sense of comedy. An attempt was made to ressurect the show on television in the 1990s, with Bill Cosby, but it never caught on. There is, however, a similar radio show on NPR entitled Whad'ya Know starring Michael Feldman in the Groucho Marx role and Jim Packard in the George Fenniman role. The show airs Saturdays on NPR. Read about the modern copy of You Bet Your Life and find the listings near you on notmuch.com (http://www.notmuch.com/).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bd/Ybylife.jpg
"Say the secret word and earn an extra hundred dollars, it's a
common word, something you always have with you."

...in 1960, Chubby Checker hit #1 on the Billboard chart with The Twist. It was the only song to top the charts twice, as it came back to #1 again in 1962. The Twist stayed on the charts for 39 weeks and launched a national dance craze.

http://garbonza.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/chubby-checker.jpg
C'mon Baby, let's do the twist!

...in 1893, Governor Lord Glasgow of New Zealand, signed the Electoral Bill and becomes the first county in the world to to grant women the right to vote. It took the United States until 1920 to ratify the vote for women and 1928 for Great Britain.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/7thEarlOfGlasgow.jpg/200px-7thEarlOfGlasgow.jpg
David Boyle, 7th Earl of Glasgow

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 57 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1979, the deposed king of Ford Motor Company ascended to the throne of the troubled Chrysler Corporation. Lee Iacocca had been the president of Ford Motor Company but in 1978, Henry Ford II fired him. Iacocca took the helm of the sinking ship that was Chrysler, not realizing just how bad it really was. As he said, the day the checking account balance hit $1,000,000, he knew how bad it really was. "For a car company," he later said, "Having a million dollars is like having one dollar in your wallet." He reduced his salary to $1.00 and began a progrom of cutbacks, layoffs and sought government loan guarantees. He appeared on Chrysler television spots, claiming, "If you can find a better car, buy it!" (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v6nmCFTmPnE&feature=related) By 1983, Chrysler had returned from the brink of bankruptcy to being a driving force (so to speak) in the marketplace and repaid all the government backed loans, all in less than 4 years. "We at Chrysler borrow money the old- fashioned way," he said in a television spot. "We pay it back."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/LeeIacocca.jpg/220px-LeeIacocca.jpg
Lee Iococca (1924 - )

...in 1519, Ferdinand Magellan set sail from Spain to search for a shortcut to the Spice Islands. Since he was about 400 years too early for Teddy Roosevelt and the Panama Canal, Magellan sailed south along the coast of South America until he found the straits that separated South America from Tierra del Fuego and today, bear his name. He was the first explorer to find the Pacific Ocean, which was so named by him because of the calm waters. Magellan died in the Phillippines, but two of his ships continued onward. One attempted to return via the same route, and was never heard from again. The Vittoria continued west, rounded the Cape of Good Hope and returned to Spain, the first ship to circumnavigate the globe.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Hernando_de_Magallanes_del_museo_Madrid.jpg/225px-Hernando_de_Magallanes_del_museo_Madrid.jpg
Ferdinand Magellan (1480-1521)

...in 1973, former tennis champion, Bobby Riggs (55) took on the top women's tennis champion, Billy Jean King (29) in a widely promoted and widely watched tennis match known as "The Battle of the Sexes." Riggs was a self-proclaimed chauvinist and claimed that he could beat any woman in a tennis match. The match was held at the Astrodome in front of 30,000 people and an estimated 50,000,000 people watching on television. King arrived in a gold sedan chair, carried by men dressed as slaves while Riggs arrived in a rickshaw pulled by female models. Howard Cosell called the play-by-play as King beat Riggs 6-4, 6-3, 6-3. The victory was seen by some as a well-crafted publicity stunt but by others as a tennis victory for King and a victory for women's rights in general.

http://www.insidesocal.com/outinhollywood/0222sexes.jpg
Billie Jean King and Bobby Riggs clown it
up for the camera before the match.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 75 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1780, General Benedict Arnold met with British Major John Andrae to discuss delivering West Point to the British. In exchange, Arnold was to be provided with a high ranking commission in the British army along with a large sum of money. The plot was foiled, however, and Arnold was exposed. His name is now synonymous with the term traitor. (In high school, some of my friends played in a garage band known as Sir Benedict and The Traitors.) Arnold fled to the British lines and actually commanded troops in Virginia against the colonists. He died in London in 1801 but never received all he was promised.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/ArnoldCipherLetter.jpeg
One of Arnold's cypher letters written as part of the
plot to surrender West Point. Parts of the message were
written with invisible ink.

...in 1945, Henry Ford II, "Hank the Deuce" became the President of Ford Motor Company. After the death of Edsel Ford, Henry Ford took over. He was 76 years old, confused and in failing health. Clara Ford (Henry's wife) threatened to sell her stock if he didn't step down and hand the company over to their grandson. Ford II was pulled out of the Great Lakes Naval Training Center and given his release to take the reins of the failing automaker, a company that was hemorrhaging money at the rate of about $1 million per month. The young Ford was not trained in business administration but he had a knack for organization. He first fired Harry Bennett, the shady character who ran the Ford Service Department and caused immeasurable damage to labor relations. Ford also hired a package of 10 men who had been quality control experts for the army. They were known as the "Quiz Kids" because they asked so many questions of everyone. Within a few years, they became known as the "Whiz Kids" because they implemented changes that made Ford into a profitable company again. One of the Whiz Kids, Robert McNamara, was selected by President John F. Kennedy to be his Secretary of Defense. Under Henry II, Ford created the Thunderbird, Falcon, Mustang, the Lincoln Mark series, and the F series of trucks, and today, the Ford F-150 is one of the best selling vehicle in the American market and the best selling pickup truck for 32 straight years.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/fords.jpg
Henry II, Henry and Edsel Ford

...in 1985, Dire Straits reached #1 on the Billboard chart with a song called Money For Nothing, written by Mark Knopfler after hearing a tradesman in an electronics store, making fun of MTV. (If that's before your time, MTV used to broadcast music videos.) The video was a mix of live action and early computer graphics that were amazing for their time but seem primitive by today's standards. In the background of the song, you can hear Sting singing "I want my, I want my, I want my MTV" using Don't Stand So Close To Me by The Police as the counter melody. That's the way you do it, you play the git-tar on the MTV, That ain't woikin'. (Trivia - the first video played by MTV when it went online was Video Killed The Radio Star. Today, MTV is loaded with sophomoric crap. I wonder what the last video was? You can see the Dire Straits video Money for Nuthin' (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ACGUasFWVsI) on YouTube and you can see Video Killed the Radio Star (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X19iZ4CyJf0) on YouTube.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Markknopfler20061.jpg/220px-Markknopfler20061.jpg
Mark Knopfler

...in 1904, Chief Him-mah-too-yah-lat-kekt ("Thunder Rolling Down from the Mountains") of the Nez Perce died in Washington, aged 64. Known to Whites as Chief Joseph, he was considered a brilliant military strategist but he was really more of a peacemaker than a warrior. While he tried to make peace with settlers who coveted the lands of the Wallowa Band of the Nez Perce, a group of young hotheads attacked the settlers and started the Nez Perce War of 1877. When it was all over, Chief Joseph stated, "From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Chief_Joseph_and_family.JPG/400px-Chief_Joseph_and_family.JPG
Chief Joseph and his family, taken in Leavenworth, Kansas, the site of
their exhile from the Wallowa Valley in Washington, their homeland. Elaine
Miller, the curator of the Washington State Historical Museum asks that
you look into the face of Chief Joseph. "You can see great dignity, pride,
intelligence, and sadness in Joseph's face and body language as well as
tension, and perhaps some anger."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 45 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1776, Nathan Hale was executed in New York City for espionage, without a trial, by the British Army. Legend has it that his last words were, "I regret that I have but one life to give to my country," although there is no evidence one way or another that he actually said it. Hale was a schoolteacher, and he may have been inspired by the lines of Joseph Addison's play, "What a pity it is, That we can die but once to serve our country."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b6/Nathan-hale-cityhall.jpg/200px-Nathan-hale-cityhall.jpg
Nathan Hale by Frederick
MacMonnies. All the statues
of Nathan Hale are stylized as
no contemporary portraits of
him are known to exist.

...in 1914, the German U-boat U-9 sank three British cruisers in less than one hour. The event demonstrated to the world that German submarines were far more effective than anyone anticipated. The German blockade of Britain might have succeeded, but U-boat attacks on neutral American ships brought the United States into the war and changed the balance against Germany. On this date, approximately 1,450 British sailors perished and there was a large public outcry. The captain of the U-9 returned to Germany to a hero's welcome, he and his entire crew were decorated. Meanwhile, in Britain, the confindence in the Royal Navy was shaken. Prior to this action, the German navy considered the U-boat as an interesting novelty and Britain discarded it useless. After this date, both sides realized the significance of the submarine as a modern weapon of war.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/U9Submarine.jpg
The 1910 German Unterseeboot U-9

...in 1554, Francisco Coronado died without ever finding the Seven Cities of Gold. He died too early, because he didn't get to Reno and Las Vegas.

...in 1953, the first four-level highway interchange opened in Los Angeles, the city of traffic jams and smog. It was far from the first interchange, in fact, one of the first primitive interchanges was built in Colo, Iowa (http://bridgehunter.com/ia/story/bh36216/), in 1936.

http://bridgehunter.com/photos/11/14/111476-M.jpg
This primitive interchange, in Colo, Iowa, was called a "grade separation" when it was built
in 1936, but the design influenced highway design for decades.
--Photo Copyright and Courtesy of Historic Bridges of the United States (http://bridgehunter.com/).

...in 1862, President Abraham Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation. The announcement did not actually end slavery as much as it told the world that the goal of the Civil War was not just reunification but the end of slavery. The Confederate States of America were trying desperately to gain recognition from world powers. At one time, the rebels were seen in some places as freedom fighters, but with the Proclamation, the struggle was no longer seen as a fight for freedom but a battle to defend slavery. It was a brilliant move by Lincoln to brand the CSA as a slave nation.

http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/art/resources/graphic/xlarge/33_00005.jpg
The first reading of the Emancipation Proclamation, painting by
Francis Bicknell Carpenter. Abraham Lincoln presented the
document to his cabinet, as depicted in Bicknell's painting.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 55 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1875, at the ripe old age of 15, Billy the Kid was arrested for the first time. He was participating in a practical joke that went bad, by hiding a bag of laundry that a friend had stolen from a Chinese laundry. Literally caught holding the bag, Billy was put into jail as a lesson. In two days, claustrophobia pushed him up a chimney pipe to escape, and he was on the wrong side of the law from then on. He was born in New York City but wound up in Silver City, New Mexico, when he was taken by his mother. It was also the site of his first serious arrest. He would go on to be one of the most notorious outlaws in western history.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Billykid.jpg/225px-Billykid.jpg
This ferrotype is the only known
image of Henry McCarty
aka Billy the Kid.

...in 1779, the US Navy frigate, Bonhomme Richard entered battle with the Bristish ships Serapis and [/i]Countess of Scarborough[/i] near England. The Bonhomme Richard was under the command of John Paul Jones, a Scottsman who came to America as a cabin boy and was commissioned into the navy as a lieutenant at the outbreak of the Revolutionary War. Jones has been in command of the Bonhomme Richard for less than a month when he entered the battle, and it did not go well for the ship. When the captain of the Serapis asked if Jones would surrender, he yelled back, "Sir, I have not yet begun to fight!" At the conclusion of three more hours of fierce battle, both the Serapis and Countess of Scarborough surrendered and Jones moved the American colors to the Serapis. The remains of the Bonhomme Richard sank the next day. Jones was a hero in France but not so much in the United States, for some reason. He died at the age of 45 in 1792, while embroiled in the French Revolution. He was buried in an unmarked grave, but in 1905, his remains were located, returned the the US and he is enshrined in a crypt at Annapolis, Maryland at the Naval Acadamy. He is hailed as one of the most brilliant naval tacticians in American history.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Serapis_and_Bonhomme_Richard.jpg/180px-Serapis_and_Bonhomme_Richard.jpg
Engraving based on the battle between
the Serapis and the Bonhomme Richard
by Richard Paton, ca. 1780

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/JohnPaulJonesgrave.jpg/200px-JohnPaulJonesgrave.jpg
The sarcophagus of John Paul Jones,
made of bronze and marble, at the
United States Naval Academy.

...in 1846, Johann Gottfried Galle located the planet, Neptune, at the Berlin Observatory. No, Silly. Galle was as the Observatory, Nepture was orbiting the sun. The location of Neptune had been calculated by French astronomer, Urbain-Jean-Joseph Le Verrier by calculating the gravitational disturbances in the orbit of Uranus. Galle found Neptune, named for the Roman god of the oceans. It was the last planet discovered until Pluto was found in 1930, which was the 9th planet until 2006 when it was downgraded. In 1989, Voyager 2 was the first (Terran) spacecraft to visit Neptune.

http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/images/neptune/neptunex_thumb.gif
Neptune, as seen by
Voyager 2. (Photo courtesy of
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/neptune.html).)

...in 1961, the NBC network broke with tradition and premiered Saturday Night at the Movies with the film, How To Marry A Millionaire, a 1953 film starring Betty Grable, Marilyn Monroe and Lauren Bacall. There was an uneasy rivalry between the movie and television industries, but the success of the NBC experiment changed that relationship forever.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Marilyn_Monroe%2C_Betty_Grable_and_Lauren_Bacall_i n_How_to_Marry_a_Millionaire_trailer.jpg/350px-Marilyn_Monroe%2C_Betty_Grable_and_Lauren_Bacall_i n_How_to_Marry_a_Millionaire_trailer.jpg
Marilyn Monroe, Betty Grable and Lauren Bacall in
How to Marry a Millionaire that aired on NBC television, on
this date in 1961.

...in 1944, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt addressed the Teamster's in a campaign speech. After the usual political nonsense, FDR attacked the Republicans in defense of his dog, Fala. The Scottish Terrier was probably the most famous dog in the world, living in the White House after being presented to FDR by his cousin, Daisy Suckley, who also trained him. He went everywhere with the President, including a trip to a conference where he met Winston Churchill. The Republicans had charged Roosevelt with leaving Fala behind on the Aleutian Islands and sending a destroyer, at a cost of $20 million, to retrieve him. In his speech, Roosevelt said, You know, Fala is Scotch, and being a Scottie, as soon as he learned that the Republican fiction writers in Congress and out had concocted a story that I had left him behind on the Aleutian Islands and had sent a destroyer back to find him — at a cost to the taxpayers of two or three, or eight or 20 million dollars — his Scotch soul was furious. [laughter] He has not been the same dog since! [laughter] I am accustomed to hearing malicious falsehoods about myself — such as that old, worm-eaten chestnut that I have represented myself as indispensable. But I think I have a right to resent, to object to libelous statements about my dog [laughter].

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/FDR_and_Fala_at_table.jpg/200px-FDR_and_Fala_at_table.jpg
FDR and Fala at Warm Springs, Georgia.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/FDR_memorial.jpg
Fala was kind enough to share his memorial in Washington, D.C. with FDR.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 55 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1989, the lights of the Great White Way went dark for one minute in honor of Irving Berlin, who had died two days earlier at the age of 101. Born in Tyumen, Russia (now Belarus) as Israel Isidore Bailin, he immigrated to the United States in 1893 with his parents. After his father died in 1896, Beilin had to work or starve, and this affected the way he handled money for the rest of his life. At the request of his employer, a restauraneur, he wrote the lyrics to a tune written by the restaurant's piano player. Marie From Sunny Italy was soon published, his name was misspelled on the sheet music as I. Berlin and he was paid 37¢ for the tune. It was the first of over 1,500 songs that he would write in his long life. His songs are listed in the soundtrack credits of 259 films. He is probably bost remembered for White Christmas (the best selling single of all time) but my favorite Belin song was Oh How I Hate To Get Up In The Morning, which he sang in the movie This Is The Army. You can see it here, on YouTube. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71smG5d29to) At the same time he wrote it, he wrote another tune that he decided was too dreary. He dug it out again in 1938, polished it up and added new lyrics. It would be Kate Smith's signiture song, God Bless America. Oh - by the way, Irving Berlin could not read music.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Irving_Berlin_Portrait2.jpg/220px-Irving_Berlin_Portrait2.jpg
Israel Isidore Baline, aka
Irving Berlin (1888-1989)

...in 1936, Jim Henson was born in Greenville, Mississippi. His parents moved to Hyattsville, Maryland where Henson joined a puppet club in high school. His puppets earned a spot on a local television show and earned him an Emmy. In 1955, Henson took his mother's old green coat, added ping pong balls for eyes, and the world would never be the same. ("Muppets" is a combination of the words marionette and puppet.) Henson's puppets were stars of 300 Wilkens Coffee commercials and Rowlf, The Dog was a regular on The Jimmy Dean Show. Kermit made an appearance on Johnny Carson's The Tonight Show that introduced him to the national audience. Henson's big break came when he signed to create puppets for The Preschool Educational Television Show which, thankfully, was renamed Sesame Street. Seven years later, he could not sell the idea of a series to the networks, so he syndicated The Muppet Show ("Bork, bork, bork!") which earned three Emmys and launced a movie career. Henson died in 1990 of pneumonia.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0f/MuppetShw.jpg
Frank Oz as Miss Piggy and Jim Henson as Kermit performing
during The Muppet Show.

...in 1964, the Warren Commission issued a report to President Lyndon Johnson that said Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone when he assassinated President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963. To this day, conspiracy theorists try to pick it apart, in fact, a second report was created in 1979 that reached the same conclusion. The volumes of documentation are all open to public examination now, except for the results of the Kennedy autopsy, which are highly restricted.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Warren_commission_cover.jpg/200px-Warren_commission_cover.jpg
The members of the
Warren Commission all
signed the report:
Earl Warren, Chief Justice of the United States
Richard Russell, Jr. (D-GA), U.S. Senator
John Sherman Cooper (R-KY), U.S. Senator
Hale Boggs (D-LA), U.S. Representative
Gerald Ford (R-MI), U.S. Representative
Allen Welsh Dulles, former Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
John J. McCloy, former President of the World Bank

...in 1908, the first (production) Model T Ford was assembled in Detroit, Michigan at the Ford Motor Company Piquette Avenue Plant. The Tin Lizzie revolutionized the automobile industry as economies of scale allowed Ford to continue to reduce the price of the beloved flivver. 15 million Model T's were built between 1908 and 1927. An international poll named the Model T the most influencial car of the 20th Century.

http://www.hfmgv.org/EXHIBITS/showroom/1908/touring.jpg
1908 Model T Touring

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[AJPratt]

Hard to believe it has been this long. I just came across a thread where Paige had posted.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 45 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1957, 9 African-American Students on their way to their first day at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas were escorted by a 1,200 man task force of Army regulars. Two days before, the "Little Rock Nine" had been denied access to the school, in defiance of the order of the Federal Court as they had come face to face with over 1000 angry whites. This was the first implementaion of desegregation after the landmark Brown v. Board of Education decision of 1954. T. The next day President Dwight Eisenhower called out the 1,200 man 327th Airborne Battle Group out of Fort Campbell, Kentucky to escort the nine students to school. A power showdown between President Eisenhower and Governor Orval Faubus and it gained international attention. Eisenhower also mobilized the 1,000 man Arkansas National Guard, taking the unit out of the hands of the governor. A military presence remained in the school for the entire school year, prompting Melba Pattillo Beals, one of the "nine," to say, "After three full days inside Central, I know that integration is a much bigger word than I thought."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a6/LittleRockHS1957.jpg

...in 1789, Congress approved 12 amendments to the newly passed Constitution and sent them to the 13 states to be ratified. The amendments were written by James Madison to guarantee the citizens the right to assemble, bear arms, freedom of speech and press, freedom to particiapte in any religion (note, there is no verbiage that guarantees freedom from religion) the right to redress grievances with the government, the right to a speedy trial by a jury of peers, nor to provide witness against oneself, private property rights preventing the quartering of military and unreasonable searches, it prohibits excessive bail and excessive fines as well as cruel and unusual punishment. The Bill of Rights also distributes governing power to the states and individuals. The first two amendments were not initially ratified. The first included a system of population driven representation and was never ratified. The second required an election cycle between the time Congress voted a pay raise and the time it took effect. That amendment was ratified - 200 years later in 1992.

...in 1775, Ethan Allen was captured by the British after aborting a badly planned attack on Montreal. He was taken to Britain to be executed, but the execution was delayed for fear of reprisals from the colonies. He was returned during a prisoner exchange in 1778. Allen was from Vermont, which had already declared itself an independent republic, free of British rule. After his return, he was made a Major General in the Vermont militia, and he was a hero of the revolution. When it was all over, Vermont remained an independent republic and was not admitted to the union because the lands were claimed by New York, Massachusetts and Connecticut. Vermont went so far as to negotiate with Canada to return to the British crown. Allen died on his farm in 1789, a citizen of the Republic of Vermont. Two years later, Vermont gave up its status as a nation and joined the United States as the 14th state.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Fort_Ticonderoga_1775.jpg
Ethan Allen demanding the surrender of
Fort Ticonderoga.

...in 1959, President Dwight Eisenhower sat down with Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev for two days of talks after Krushchev's whirlwind tour of the US. Other than being enraged over insulting comments by the president of 20th Century Fox and throwing a tantrum because he was not allowed to visit Disneyland, Eisenhower and Krushchev reportedly accomplished much in understanding each other's goals and motivations. Unfortunately, it was all crushed in May of 1960 when Francis Gary Power's U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union and the tension of mistrust came between the leaders.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/29img1bh.jpg
President Eisenhower and
Nikita Khruschev at Camp David.


...in 1965, the Kansas City A's started Satchel Paige at pitcher in a game against the Boston Red Sox. He was reportedly 59 years old. A legend on the mount and arguably the greatest pitched who ever lived, he allowed only one hit in three innings pitched. Leroy Page was (supposedly) born on July 7, 1906 in Mobile, Alabama, but that date is not firm. His mother changed the spelling of their name to Paige to distance herself from Leroy's abusive father. He earned the nickname "Satchel" while working as a luggage handler at the Mobile train station. He was arrested at the age of 12 and sent to reform school, a lucky break, because that is where he learned to pitch. His natural ability and talent allowed him to turn pro when he was released from the school. He played in the Negro Leagues before Bill Veeck picked him up in 1948, to play for the Indians at the age of 42. In 1965, he became the oldest pitcher to every play in the majors. Prior to the game, he sat in a rocking chair in the bullpen while a nurse rubbed liniment into his arm - and it was done where everyone in the stadium could see the stunt. He retired everyone he faced, except for the great Carl Yastremski who hit a double. Satchel said his secret was to "...jangle along loosely to keep the juices flowing..." and to "...avoid fried foods which angry up the blood." Paige was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1971.

http://www.freewebs.com/baseballhound/photos/paige.jpg
"Ain't no man can avoid being born average, but there ain't no man got to be common."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 41 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1957, Leonard Bernstein's groundbreaking West Side Story opened on Broadway at the Winter Garden Theatre. Although it initially was not widely accepted, it was undoubtedly Bernstein's greatest work. Even though it featured Bernstein's haunting melodies and lyrics by Steven Sondheim, the play opened to mixed reviews. West Side Story won two Tony Awards for set design and Jerome Robbins' choreography. The interacial conflict of the story made many people uncomfortable in light of the trouble in Little Rock, Arkansas the day before. It was made into a movie in 1961 that won 10 Oscars and launced the career of Natalie Wood. Bernstein's retelling of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet is still widely performed today.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b3/West_Side_Story_Poster.gif

...in 1910, William Crapo "Billy" Durant lost control of his ambitious effort, the huge General Motors. In an attempt to regain control, he partnered with race driver, Louis Chevrolet, and founded Chevrolet Motors. Within five years, Durant and Chevrolet took control of GM by adding Chevrolet Motor Division to the umbrella. In 1920, he lost it all again, anyway.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a7/Williamcrapodurant.jpg/200px-Williamcrapodurant.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Louis_Chevrolet_in_a_Buick_s055205.jpg/250px-Louis_Chevrolet_in_a_Buick_s055205.jpg
Two automotive pioneers, Billy Durant (left) and Louis Chevrolet

...in 1960, the very first televised Presidential debate was held. It marked the beginning of television's domination of Presidential elections in the future. Nixon had just been released from a two week stay in the hospital after a serious knee injury. Kennedy was well groomed and alert while Nixon appeared haggard. His wrinkled suit and 5 o'clock shadow didn't help any, and he refused make-up, a decision he later regretted. According to the Museum of Broadcast History, Nixon won the debate as heard by radio listeners. Television viewers, however, gave an overwhelming victory to Kennedy. To this day, appearances count, perhaps too much. Nixon refused to appear on television in the 1968 and 1972 elections, which he won.

...in 1982, the second talking car on television debuted with David Hasselhoff playing second fiddle to a Pontiac Firebird, modified to be KITT, an acronym for Knight Industries Two Thousand. Knight Rider also featured William Daniels' distinctive voice as the (uncredited) voice of KITT. The show ran for four seasons before it got a little silly and was cancelled. (The first talking car was in the awful Jerry Van Dyke series, My Mother The Car.) A revival of Night Rider was attempted in 2008, using a tricked-out Mustang GT, but today's audience might be a little too sophisticated for 1980's schtick and the show was cancelled.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/31/Knightlogo.png
The Original Title Card

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 21 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1938, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt wrote a second letter, in a two day span, to German Chancellor Adolph Hitler. In his letter, he pleaded with Hitler to not invade the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia and FDR added that a need for a peaceful settlement was in order. Hitler needed the industrial and natural resources that the Sudetenland offered, and Hitler claimed that Germany had a right to the Sudetenland, based on the "shameful way" (Hitler's words) Germany was treated in the Treaty of Versailles that ended the first world war. Hitler and his supporters believed the Sudetenland was, in fact, a part of Germany and he was simply trying to reunify the peoples. No matter what pleas were made, nor negotiations offered, Hitler invaded the Sudetenland in May 1939 anyway. Pay heed, those who believe it is possible to negotiate with a despotic madman.

...in 1928, the cornerstone was laid for the new Henry Ford Museum and Edison Institute, next door to the Ford Motor Company Engineering Department in Dearborn, Michigan. Henry Ford had been deeply stung by the way the press had ridiculed him during his famous libel suit against the Chicago Tribune. The Trib's lawyer was trying to prove Mr. Ford to be an "ignoramous" as the newspaper had called him, resulting in the lawsuit. When asked if he knew who Benedict Arnold was, Ford answered, "A writer, I think." He confused the Revolutionary War with the War of 1812, but chided the lawyer by saying, "I don't have room in my head for such nonsense. If I need that information, I can press a button on my desk and be surrounded by people who have all those answers." He later told the court, "I've always thought history was more or less bunk." The press treatment of him cut deeply, and he vowed to avenge the ridicule. He did so by founding the museum that bears his name. The main building is an exact duplicate of Independence Hall, right down to a 4" error the Philadelphia architect of Independence Hall had made in window placement. Today, "The Henry Ford" is the blanket name for the complex that is officially known as The Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village.

http://l.yimg.com/a/i/travel/tg/lp/8d/500x500_8d0a3f348ba2514e4628341ecf219c12.jpg http://www.ushistory.org/tour/gifs/independencehall.jpg
Henry Ford Museum, Dearborn, Michigan and Independence Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

...in 1959, Vice-President Richard M. Nixon escorted Soviet Premier Nikita Krushchev to the airport as he prepared to return to Russia. Nixon and Krushchev had locked horns earlier, but on this day, the two men seemed to get along quite well. Krushchev was sent off with a 21 gun salute and a US Marine Band playing the Star Spangled Banner and the Internationale. He then boarded a Russian aircraft and returned home after his two week, whirlwind tour of the United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Dwight_Eisenhower_Nikita_Khrushchev_and_their_wive s_at_state_dinner_1959.png/180px-Dwight_Eisenhower_Nikita_Khrushchev_and_their_wive s_at_state_dinner_1959.png
(L-R) Nina Khrushchev, Mamie Eisenhower,
Nikita Khrushchev and Dwight Eisenhower at
a state dinner in 1959.

...in 1915, First Lieutenant John Kipling, the only son of Rudyard Kipling, died in battle. He was reportedly cut down by machine gun fire and his body was never found. Rudyard Kipling, the winner of a Nobel Prize for literature, is best known for his children's novel The Jungle Book although I fondly remember a mongoose named "Riki Tiki Tavi." (A recent British television production told the story, starring Daniel Radcliffe, best known for portraying Harry Potter, as John Kipling.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/00/My_Boy_Jack.jpg/200px-My_Boy_Jack.jpg
Daniel Radcliffe (best known as Harry Potter)
portrayed Jack Kipling, the only son of writer
Rudyard Kipling. The movie was based on a play
that was based on a poem Kipling wrote about
his son.

...in 1964, the report of the Warren Commission was released after a 10 month investigation. The Commission had been appointed to investigate the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, headed by Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren. The report concluded that President Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald, who acted alone. The report also concluded that Jack Ruby, the nightclub owner who shot and killed Oswald, had no prior contact with Oswald. The report also concluded that Oswald pumped three shots from a window on the 6th floor of the Texas School Book Depository in Dallas. The report did little to quell conspiracy theorists who continue to discuss the assassination that happened almost a half a century ago. (In 1978, a House Select Committee on Assassinations agreed with the Warren Report that Oswald fired the fatal shots, but the HSCA also concluded that President Kennedy was probably assassinated as a result of a conspiracy that may have involved organized crime and multiple shooters. Both findings are widely disputed.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Warren_commission_cover.jpg/200px-Warren_commission_cover.jpg
The title page of the Warren Report
including the signitures of the members,
Earl Warren, Richard Russel, John Sherman
Cooper, Hale Boggs, Allen W. Dulles,
John J. McCloy and Gerald R. Ford.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 44 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1929, Chicago Federal District Attorney, SEQ Johnson, met with a young and unkown prohibition agent at 4:00 PM. The young agent had an idea of a way to clean up Chicago and bring down the huge empire that had been built by a ruthless gangster, named Al "Scarface" Capone. Capone was running an empire that grossed an estimated $125 million per year in illegal alcohol, racketeering, prostitution, drugs and beer. Capone was able to operate with impunity because he spent $25 million per year in graft, paying off police, federal agents, judges and local politicians to keep the alcohol flowing. The young agent had an idea of a small unit of agents, hand picked and above reproach, agents who would never accept a bribe and would be dedicated to bringing down the empire that "Scarface" had built. The District Attorney approved the plan and Eliott Ness, with 11 hand-picked agents, began a journey down a dangerous path. He was the target of several failed assassination attempts. The task force returned bribe money to the gangsters, and a press conference was held to announce that they could not be bribed. A newsphoto caption called them "untouchable" and a headline writer coined the phrase, "The Untouchables." Ness and The Untouchables destroyed breweries and equipment, confiscated millions of dollars worth of trucks and machinery, and poured millions of gallons of beer down the sewers of Chicago. While the Volstead Act was unpopular and a dumb idea from the start, it was the law of the land and Ness accepted it as his duty to enforce it. (The Volstead Act had been vetoed in 1919 by President Wilson but was overridden the same day.) The Untouchables essentially shut down Capone's operations by crushing his breweries and distilleries, turning Chicago into a dry town.

The Untouchables have become famous in television and movies, but it was Federal Tax Laws that finally got Capone imprisioned for Income Tax Evasion. Capone died in federal prison in 1947 from complications of venereal disease that he contracted in one of his own houses. Ness died quietly in 1957, but not until after he had written his story in a book called The Untouchables. The Volstead act was repealed in 1933 with the ratification of the 21st Amendment, bringing an end to one of the most lawless and violent periods of American history. (The Untouchables were broken up after Capone was imprisoned and Ness went to Cleveland to enforce distillation rules in the hills of Ohio, Kentucky and West Virginia. In the 1950's, he retired from government work and was working in private industry when he died of a heart attack at the age of 54.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Eliotness.jpg/150px-Eliotness.jpg
Eliott Ness

...in 1066, William the Conquerer, formerly the Duke of Normandy, led an invasion force into England, to defeat King Harold II in the Battle of Hastings. The victory started a new chapter in British history. On Christmas Day, 1066, William was crowned the King of England, a position he believed was his by birthright. It ended the reign of the Anglo-Saxon kings and began the rule of the Norman kings. French became the language of the court, and when combined with the olde Anglo-Saxon language, gave rise to "modern" English. (William was the great-nephew of King Ethelred the Unready, which has nothing to do with this story but I love the name.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/William1.jpg
William the Conquerer

...in 1941, Ted Williams went 6 for 8 in a double header against the Philadelphia A's, ending his season with a .406 batting average. He was the first to hit over .400 for a season since Bill Terry accomplished the feat in 1930. Williams might have been even better, but he took three years off to be a fighter pilot in WWII, and another year off to fly combat missions in Korea as the wing man to John Glenn, who also went on to some fame in the 1960's flying a space capsule before becoming a Senator from Ohio. Williams was also an accomplished hunter and fisherman, especially fly fishing. He was a spokesman for Sears & Roebuck sporting goods for many years. While on a hunting trip, Williams heard a strange noise on the roof of his cabin. As he headed outside to see what was amiss, instead of a rifle, he picked up a baseball bat. There was a wildcat on the roof that jumped to attack Williams, but the cat made the mistake of jumping high and on the outside corner. Williams also won the American League Triple Crown - twice - in 1942 and 1947. (Highest batting average, most RBIs and most home runs. He was also the American League Most Valuable Player in 1946 and 1947. And then...

...in 1960, Ted Williams hit a home run in his last at bat before retiring. He once said his goal in life was "...to be able to walk down the street and have people say, 'There goes the greatest hitter who ever lived.'" Many baseball fans would say he accomplished that goal.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/ted_cover.jpg
Ted Williams, Opening Day 1947
Williams is regarded as the greatest
hitter to ever play the game.

...in 1965, Jack McKay reached an altitude of 55.9 miles and a speed of 3,731 mph in the X-15. McKay qualified as an astronaut, because his flight exceeded an altitude of 50 miles, considered "space" in the United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/X-15_in_flight.jpg/300px-X-15_in_flight.jpg
The North American Aviation X-15

There were three X-15 rocket-powered aircraft built that flew 199 missions before the two remaining were retired - the third crashed and burned. The flights of the X-15 aided space research and design of both air and space craft. (In 1962, Neil Armstrong, who would later go on to some fame flying a moon lander, flew an X-15 at 3,989 mph. In all, Armstrong flew 7 missions in the X-15 but it took a Saturn V rocket to get him into space.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 67 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1982, Mary Keelerman, a 12 year old girl in Elk Grove Village, Illinois, took an Extra-Strength Tylenol capsule and died later that same day from cyanide poisoning. (Elk Grove is a western suburb of Chicago and is very close to the home office of The Pampered Chef.) In all, seven people would die from taking the tampered product, sending a shock wave across the country. Johnson & Johnson, makers of Tylenol, immediately recalled all Tylenol capsules and offered a $100,000 reward for information leading to the arrest of the Tylenol Terrorist. It was determined that the product had not been tampered with at the factory, meaning someone had taken the product from the shelf, injected the poison, and returned it to store shelves. The recall and relaunch of tamper-proof product cost Johnson & Johnson over $100 million and pundits said it would be the end of the line and the maker would never recover. The massive PR effort worked, however, and within a year, J&J's image was pretty much back to where it had been. The perpetrator was never caught and prompted all the tamper-proof packaging we are familiar with today.

http://i.cdn.turner.com/trutv/trutv.com/graphics/photos/terrorists_spies/terrorists/tylenol_murders/1-2Mary-Kellerman,-12,-vict.jpg
Mary Kellerman, the
first victim of the so-called
Tylenol Terrorist.

...in 1547, near Madrid, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, El Príncipe de los Ingenios (The Prince of Wits) was born. Cervantes was the son of an apothocary and a minor noble. He tried his hand at many professions, he was a Spanish soldier that took three bullets in battle against the Turks, was kidnapped by Barbary pirates and held for ransom for five years, and was later jailed when his accounting was suspicious when acting as a tax collector. It was while in prison that he conceived the character, Don Quixote de la Mancha. His epic novel about the penniless idealist, Don Quixote, who lived by the code of the past, is considered to be the first modern Western novel. Originally thought just to be a satire, Don Quixote is actually a deep study of the human condition and is considered by many to be one of the greatest novels ever written. (The novel inspired the 1964 Broadway musical, Man of La Mancha that earned a Tony for Richard Kiley and featured the haunting melody, The Impossible Dream.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Gustave_Dor_-_Miguel_de_Cervantes_-.jpg
From Don Quixote, Part 1, Chapter 1
"A world of disorderly notions, picked
out of his books, crowded into his
imagination"

...in 1965, WLVT-TV (Ch 39) in Allentown, Pennsylvania (PBS) began broadcasting.

...in 1880, the Polo Grounds in New York was the location of the first professional baseball game, between the New York Metropolitans, who beat the Washington Nationals 4-2 in 5 innings. There were actually four stadiums in New York that bore the name, "Polo Grounds." The one referred to here was the first one that was built, originally for polo and was the only one of the four to actually be used for polo. It was not the official name, either, it was simply referred to as "the polo grounds" by the local press and the name stuck. This one was located just uptown from Central Park, on 110th Street between 5th and 6th Avenues, in fact, just across from Central Park.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Polo_Grounds_original.JPG/275px-Polo_Grounds_original.JPG
Opening Day, 1886

...in 1954, in the 8th inning of Game 1 of the World Series between the New York Giants and Cleveland Indians, Vic Wertz hit a fly ball over 400 feet into center field. Running full speed, Willie Mays, the "Say Hey Kid" caught the ball over his shoulder, his back to the infield, robbing Wertz of an extra-base hit. He turned and fired the ball to the infield, preventing the runners from advancing and presevering a tie game. (The Giants would win the game and sweep the series.) It has been called the greatest catch in baseball history, and when asked about it, Mays said, "I don't rank 'em, I just catch 'em." It might not be the greatest ever, but since it was in New York, on television, and in the World Series, it does receive high praise. See it here on YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7dK6zPbkFnE).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/06/The_Catch.png
"The Catch."
This photo is copyrighted
and is used here under the "Fair Use"
provision of the copyright law to only
illustrate the article about Mays.

...in 1988, a Portland, Oregon woman the first American woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest. Stacy Allison reached the 29,035 foot peak, the highest point on earth, by following the southeast range route. The peak is part of the Himalayas in Asia between the Nepal and Tibet. It is called, "Chomo-Lungma" (Mother Goddess of the Land) by the Tibetians, sometimes shown as Mount Qomolangma. The Chinese argue the peak should no longer be called by its English name, as "Qomolangma" appeared on Chinese maps nearly 300 years ago. The English named it Everest after Sir George Everest, the British surveyor who mapped Asia in the 19th Century. Several failed attempts to climb Everest from the north were made in the 1920's and 30's but in 1950, the northern routes were closed after China took over Nepal. The first to reach the summit was New Zealand explorer, Edmund Hillary, along with Tenzeng Norgay of Nepal, in May 1953. [Editor's Note: This was 5-1/2 years after the birth of Hillary Rodham, and since no one knew who Hillary was before his ascent of Everest, makes her claim to have been named for him rather suspicious.] Stacy Allison was not the first woman to make the climb, but her achievement is still noteworthy as about two dozen people have perished trying to make the climb, 15 in 1996 alone, which inspired Jon Krakauer's book Into Thin Air.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/9654-450.jpg
Stacy Allison on the summit of
Mount Everest, Sept 29, 1988

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 46 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1955, James Dean died in his Porsche 550 Spyder, named Little Bastard, in a head-on collision. He was on his way to a race in Salinas, California with his mechanic, Rolf Wuetherich, when they collided with a car driven by Donald Turnaspeed, a college student. Dean was born in Marion, Indiana in 1931, studied drama at UCLA then moved to New York where he appeared in television productions. His break came in the movie, East of Eden when he reportedly beat out Paul Newman for the part of Cal Trask. Dean had starred in three films that were released in 1955, East of Eden, Rebel Without a Cause and Giant. He was nominated, posthumously, for two Academy Awards for East of Eden and Rebel Without a Cause. It was the first time an actor had been nominated posthumously for an Oscar. He is buried in Fairmount, Indiana where fans continue to visit his grave, 53 years after his death.

http://www.car-accidents.com/2007-crash-pics/james-dean-car-crash-07.jpg
The wreck was purchased by Spyder owners who removed the drive train
for spare parts and they sold the body. The car was never driven again, contrary
to popular myth.

...in 1927, Babe Ruth hit the 60th home run of his season, off Tom Zachary,
setting the Major League record that would stand until Roger Maris hit 61 in 1961.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ruth1921.jpg/200px-Ruth1921.jpg
Babe Ruth in 1921

...in 1954, the world's first nuclear submarine, the USS Nautilus was commissioned by the US Navy. The Nautilus was built under the watchful eye of Russian-born engineer, Hyman G. Rickover, who began work on nuclear powered submarines in 1947. The Nautilus was capable of long voyages while submerged and set numerous records, including being the first vessel to sail under the polar ice cap and over the North Pole. It was decommissioned in 1980 and is now on display at the Submarine Force Museum in Groton, Connecticut.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/nautilus2.jpg
The USS Nautilus

...in 1962, James H. Meredith was escorted by US Marshalls on to the campus of the University of Mississippi, which set off a deadly riot. Two men died before the racial tensions were cooled by 3,000 federal troops. Meredith, an African American, enrolled and was accepted at Ol' Miss but the registration was revoked by the registrar when he learned of Meredith's race. The next day, the office was blocked by Mississippi Governor Ross Barnett. On Sept 28, Barnett was found guilty of contempt and was ordered to open the campus to Meredith, a transfer from Jackson State College. He graduated from Ole Miss in 1963 with a degree in Politcal Science.

http://www.olemiss.edu/depts/afro_am/African_American_Presence/Design/Assets/images/1960Meredith2copy.png
Flanked by US Marshalls, James Meredith
attends his first day of classes at Ole Miss.

...in 1965, Don Drysdale, pitcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers, won his 13th straight game. He went 23-12 for the searson, and during his 13 game winning streak, 7 were by shutouts. Drysdale attended Van Nuys High School and one of his baseball teammates was Robert Redford. Herbie, in the Disney movies about the racing Volkswagon, wore number 53 because it was the same number Drysdale wore for the Dodgers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Drysdale.png/200px-Drysdale.png
Don Drysdale (1936-1993)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 45 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1965, France performed an underground nuclear test at Ecker Algeria and joined the nuclear club.

...in 1890, Congress passed legislation to create Yosemite National Park, at the urging of John Muir. The bill was signed by President Benjamin Harrison to create the third national park.

http://www.nps.gov/yose/historyculture/images/john.muir.rock.2-web_1.jpg
John Muir was born in Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland
and emigrated to Portage, Wisconsin. He was educated at
the University of Wisconsin, then went to Canada and
worked his way to Calfornia, where her pursued his
conservation endeavors.

...in 1988, the Bradley Center opened in Milwaukee. Tough to believe it's 21 years old! (At least you can legally buy it a drink.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bradley_Center.jpg/200px-Bradley_Center.jpg

...in 1961, Roger Maris hit his 61st home run to break the 34 year old record set by Babe Ruth.

http://dunningrb.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/maris.jpg?w=240&h=300

...in 1946, sentences were passed in the Nuremberg trials. 12 Nazis were sentenced to death, including Hermann Goering of the Gestapo. Others were sentence to prison for terms of 10 years to life. The tribunal was made up of representatives from the United States, USSR, France and Great Britain and lasted 10 months.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuremberg-1-.jpg/776px-Nuremberg-1-.jpg
Front Row, L to R: Hermann Göring, Rudolf Heß, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Wilhelm Keitel
Back Row, L to R: Karl Dönitz, Erich Raeder, Baldur von Schirach, Fritz Sauckel

...in 1908, the car that put America on wheels was introduced, the Ford Model T. Ford Motor Company had used the alphabet to name their cars, begining with the Model A in 1903. The Model T was affectionately known as the Tin Lizzie and "flivver," and Americans bought the car in huge numbers. Henry Ford controled all production costs to keep the price down, in fact, to even lower the price and put the Model T within the reach of most Americans. For example, Ford specified the dimensions of wooden crates that vendors used to ship parts to Ford. When emptied, the crates were knocked down and made into floorboards. 15,000,000 Model T's were built when production ended in 1927 when it was replaced, not by a Model U, but the Model A as Henry said the New Ford was so revolutionary that they wiped the slate clean and started over. (The first Plymouth was named the Model U!)

http://www.speedace.info/automotive_directory/car_images/ford_model_t_henry.jpg
Henry Ford and his Model T

...in 1940, the first American superhighway opened in Pennsylvania, the Pennsylvania Turnpike. Skeptics were not impressed at the $70 million pricetag of the radical limited-access highway design, inspired by the German Autobahn, and derided the turnpike as a boondoggle. The Turnpike reduced travel time between Pittsburg and Harrisburg by three hours and was a rousing success.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Pennsylvania_Turnpike_1942_LOC.jpg
The Pennsylvania Turnpike in July, 1942

When it first opened, the route was known as "The Tunnel Highway" because of seven mountain tunnels. Six of the seven tunnels were built for the aborted Southern Pennsylvania Railroad in the 1880s, in fact, the highway followed much of the graded, but abandoned, railroad right-of-way. The tunnels went under seven tall hills that were a challenge to automobiles and trucks on US 30, the old Lincoln Highway. The tunnels went under Laurel Hill, Allegheny Mountain, Rays Hill, Sideling Hill, Tuscarora Mountain, Kittatinny Mountain and Blue Mountain. The highway was a divided, four lane limited access highway but the tunnels were only wide enough to accomodate two lanes. The resulting bottlenecks in the 1960s led to the "twinning" of Allegheny, Kittatinny and Tuscarora Tunnels, but Rays Hill, Laurel Hill and Sideling Hill tunnels have been bypassed. The tunnels still exist. While the Pennsylvania Turnpike had its initial detractors, it was a rousing success and it was the first link in what would eventually become the Interstate Highway System.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/787px-Rays_Hill_Tunnel_-_Andrew_Car.jpg
Rays Hill Tunnel being dug for the Southern
Pennsylvania Railroad in the 1880s. The railroad
was never completed, and the Turnpike followed
much of the right-of-way and used the tunnels.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/800px-Allegheny_Mountain_Tunnel_Wes.jpg
The Allegheny Mountain Tunnel was "twinned" in the
1960s to eliminate the traffic bottleneck caused by only
one tube carrying two, bi-directional lanes of traffic.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 61 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1985, Hollywood icon and leading man, Rock Hudson, died of AIDS at the age of 59. Many of his fans were shocked to learn that Hudson's gay life had been so well covered up. Born Leroy Harold Schere, Jr. in Winnetka, Illinois on November 17, 1925, his career as a heartthrob lasted over 25 years. He was a staple of romantic comedies in the 1950's and 1960's, then was a great success on television with NBC's popular McMillan and Wife. In 1984, while working on the television show Dynasty he was diagnosed with AIDS. The disease was kept secret until July 25,1985 when Hudson announced his treatment from Japan, where he had gone to undergo experimental therapy.

http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/31/61731-004-8ED8FD6B.jpg
Rock Hudson and Doris Day starred in Pillow Talk,
with Tony Randall, a 1959 romantic comedy that was a
smash hit. The team of Hudson, Day and Randall would
make two more of the genre, Lover Come Back and
Send Me No Flowers.

...in 1836, Charles Darwin returned to Falmouth, England aboard the HMS Beagle
after completing his five year mission to survey the Southern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. He
visited Brazil, the Galapagos Islands and New Zealand. He surveyed flora and fauna of all kinds,
and he compiled his knowledge into his book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural
Selection, or The Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. The work was eagerly
accepted into the scientific community but not so warmly in the religious
community. (That hasn't changed much since it was published in 1859.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Charles_Darwin_seated.jpg/225px-Charles_Darwin_seated.jpg
Charels Darwin (1809-1882)

...in 1780, British Major John Andre was hanged as a spy by the US Military for his part in the
Benedict Arnold case. Andre was captured with plans for West Point in his boot, that tied him to Arnold.
Arnold, meanwhile, took off for the British lines after he learned of Andre's capture.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/John_andre_loc.jpg/200px-John_andre_loc.jpg
Major John Andre (1750-1780)

...in 1965, the Los Angeles Dodgers beat the Milwaukee Braves
to clinch NL pennant. The Milwaukee Braves would play one more
game before the bums would abandon me for Atlanta, and break my
boyhood heart.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/06CountyStadium09-24-2000.jpg/225px-06CountyStadium09-24-2000.jpg
Milwaukee County Stadium was the
home of the Braves from 1953-1965 when
they followed the Milwaukee Hawks to
Atlanta.

...in 1962, Johnny Carson became the host of NBC's The Tonight Show. The show began in 1953 as a late night filler on the New York affiliate of NBC. The show later was fed to the network and was aired nationally in 1954. The host was Steve Allen, who placed more emphasis on comedy, including some great "Man on the street" bits with Tom Poston, Louis Nye, Dayton Allen and Don Knotts. (Dayton Allen was not related to Steve Allen, and was best known as a voice actor, as Phineas T. Bluster, Deputy Dawg and Heckyl and Jeckyl. You' might know him for saying, "Why Not?" in the form of "OOoooooooWhyyyyyyyy Nnnnnnnnnnnnnnottttt?") Steve Allen left the show in 1957, Jack Paar took over and made it into more of the talk format we know today. Paar was controversial, openly supported Fidel Castro and had a running battle with the NBC censors. After he was blipped out one time too many, he stomped out of the studio. Carson took over and never looked back, serving as the host for over 30 years.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Johnny_Carson_1966.jpg/180px-Johnny_Carson_1966.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/21/Carnac.jpg/235px-Carnac.jpg
Johnny Carson (ca. 1963) and Carnac, the Magnificent

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 53 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1781, combined French and American forces at Glouster, Virginia, across the York River from Yokrtown, where Lord Cornwallis was under siege. On September 28, 17,000 combined troops under the command of General George Washington and French General Marquis de Choisy on land and Admiral Count de Grasse arrived to encircle Cornwallis and lay siege. Up to this date, Conrwallis had access to Glouster, allowing foraging of plenty of food supplies. By capturing Glouster, the siege took full effect, forcing Corwallis to surrender two weeks later, effectively ending the Revolutionary War.

http://www.nps.gov/colo/images/yk_oldguard_2.jpg
The US Army Old Guard re-enacts the
battle of Yorktown on Yorktown Day each year.

...in 1912, a professional automobile race was held in, and around, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin. The race is significant because it was the first time a Duesenberg powered race car won a race. Frederick and August Duesenberg, automotive engineers who had emigrated to Iowa from Germany, dreamed of building automobiles but especially racing vehicles. Winning the Pabst Blue Ribbon Trophy on this day was their goal. In 1921, a Duesenberg won the 24 hour race at Le Mans, France, then in the 1920's, they set their sites on Indianapolis, winning the Indy 500 in 1924, 1925 and 1927. In 1926, E.L. Cord bought Duesenberg Motors and began to build the finest and most luxurious automobiles in the world, at their factory in Auburn, Indiana. The Duesenberg Model J is considered by many to be the finest automobile ever built, and was the source of the phrase, "It's a Duesie!"

http://content.lib.auburn.edu/cgi-bin/getimage.exe?CISOROOT=/eddier&CISOPTR=906&DMSCALE=100.00000&DMWIDTH=600&DMHEIGHT=600&DMX=0&DMY=0&DMTEXT=%20duesenberg&REC=1&DMTHUMB=1&DMROTATE=0

...in 1941, Sam Spade came to the silver screen in The Maltese Falcon with Humphrey Bogart portraying the hard-boiled private detective. Bogart was born in New York, the son of a surgeon, and he was following in his father's footsteps until he was thrown out of school for his bad behavior. He joined the navy and was injured in World War I. His upper lip was scarred an partially paralized, giving him the signiture lisp that was a favorite of impressionists. In 1935, Leslie Howard starred in a gangster play on Broadway called The Petrified Forest. Bogart played the heavy, a gangster named Duke Manatee. Warner Brothers bought the rights and brought Howard to play the part with plans to recast someone in the Manatee role. Howard told the Warners it was no deal, he and Bogie was a package deal. Although Bogart was widely respected for the role, he was assigned small roles from then on. He worked for John Huston in High Sierra and Huston then cast him in The Maltese Falcon. Bogart never looked back, starring in such favorites as Casablanca, The Big Sleep and Key Largo. He then met Lauren Bacall on the set of To Have and Have Not where the two fell in love. The sizzling chemistry between them onscreen makes it one of his most memorable films. He finally won an Oscar for The African Queen. He died of cancer in 1957 but he remains a cult favorite.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d9/TheMalteseFalcon3_sz175.jpg
This is the stuff dreams are made of.

...in 1863, President Abraham Lincoln proclaimed an official day of prayer and Thanksgiving on the fourth Thursday of November. In 1939, in an attempt to benefit merchants by extending the Christmas shopping period, FDR moved the holiday back one week. In 1941, FDR caved in to Congressional pressure to move it back. In the Bing Crosby-Fred Astaire movie, Hoilday Inn, an animated turkey moves back and forth between the two dates, making fun of FDR's move of the holiday but the Friday after Thanksgiving remains the biggest shopping day of the year.

...in 1965, the Chicago Cubs tied a major league record by completing their third triple play of the season. The record for three in a season is shared by nine teams: 1882 Cincinnati Red Stockings, 1885 New York Giants, 1886 Brooklyn Grays, 1890 Rochester Rochesters, 1911 Detroit Tigers, 1924 Boston Red Sox, 1964 Philadelphia Phillies, 1979 Boston Red Sox and, of course, the 1965 Chicago Cubs.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 55 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1927, Gutzon Borglum began to blast rock away from Mount Rushmore, the beginning of a 12 year project to carve George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt on the face of the mountain. The sculpture was the idea of Doane Robinson, a South Dakota historian who thought the monument might be a good way to attract more tourism. He sculpted Washington as an egg with a plan to add the features later. Jefferson was supposed to be to the right of Washington, but the sculpting did not go well. Jefferson was cracked, so he was blasted off the mountain and Borglum sculpted him to the left side. Washington was completed in 1934, Jefferson in 1936, Lincoln in 1938 and Teddy Roosevelt in 1939. The project cost taxpayers about $1 million, mostly in federal dollars. Borglum continued to touch up the sculpture until his untimely death in 1941. There were some injuries in the 14 year project but no fatalities. Over two million tons of rock was blasted away from the mountain known to the Lakota Sioux as Six Grandfathers. Most people are not aware that the sculpture was never completed as planned. The figures were supposed to be sculpted to their waists, and a vault was supposed to have been carved behind the monument, where the story of the sculpture, the history of the United States and the biographies of the four presidents and Borglum. His descendents completed a scaled down version of the vault in 1998.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Air_Force_One_over_Mt._Rushmore.jpg/250px-Air_Force_One_over_Mt._Rushmore.jpg
Air Force One Over Mount Rushmore

...in 1957, the Soviet Union launched an unmanned satellite, Sputnik I. The launch shocked Americans and they were infuriated that the United States would let the Russians take the lead in technology. The launch also indicated that the Soviet Union was capable of reaching United States soil with a nuclear warhead. The Democrats blasted the Eisenhower Aministration (Republicans, of course) for letting the US fall behind the Soviets. Eisenhower had the US launch Explorer I the following January, making January 31, 1958 the official start of the space race. (There are some reports that Eisenhower knew the Soviets were ready to launch, and could have beaten the Russians into space. The idea was that Eisenhower knew what would happen and would give the United States space program far more popular support than if the Russians had not been first.)

http://history.nasa.gov/sputnik/sputnik1.jpg
Sputnik 1 was about the size of a
beach ball and weighed a hefty 190 pounds.
It circled the earth in an elipitcal orbit and
simpley beeped telemetry signals. Despite its
simplicity, it launched the space race.

...in 1965, the Soviet Union launched Lunik (Luna) 7 in an attempt to reach the moon. The goal of the mission was a soft landing on the moon, setting the way for a planned landing by a manned spacecraft. There was a problem with attitude control before the planned retro burn, and the craft plummeted to the moon's surface at a high rate of speed. It was the tenth in a streak of continuous failures in the Soviet lunar program.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/USSR_Luna_lander_bus.jpg
Soviet Lunar Lander

...in 1955, Dem Bums finally won a World Series. When the Brooklyn baseball team began playing in the 19th Century, Brooklyn was a separate town, before it became a burough of New York City. Anyone from Brooklyn was referred to as a "trolley dodger" because of the criss-cross routes of streetcars there. The Polo Grounds even had tracks on either side of the stadium, so the team became known as the Trolley Dodgers, Soon the "Trolley" was dropped and Dem Bums have been the Dodgers ever since, even though they're in Los Angeles now. The Dodgers were called Dem Bums by the fans for years, probably because they lost the World Series to cross-town rivals, the Yankees, in 1941, 1947, 1949, 1952 and 1953. Dem Bums beat the Yankees in an exciting 7 game series that came right down to the wire. In fact, it was the only World Series the Brooklyn Dodgers won, because they lost in 1956, to the Yankees (of course) before moving to Los Angeles in 1957.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e0/1955_next_year.jpg
After decades of yelling, "Wait'll
nex year!" 1955 became the year. It
was the only world chapmionship won
by the Dodgers in Brooklyn.

...in 1931, President Herbert Hoover convened a meeting of thirty US business leaders for advice on how to reverse the economy that was spiraling downward. The stock market had crashed in October of 1929, and by 1931, the downward spiral of business and banking had started the country on the way to what would be known as The Great Depression. Some people called Hoover a "do-nothing" President and blamed him for the crash and doldrums. The seeds of the crash had been planted at the end of World War I with the Treaty of Versailles, that placed crippling terms on Germany. The ripples ran throughout the world economy. Meanwhile, in the United States, the free flowing "Roaring 20's" included people borrowing large sums of money to speculate on stocks. When money became tight and loans were called in, many people were ruined. The markets dropped and the downward spiral continued.

A victim of bad timing, Hoover is often regarded as one of the weaker presidents and his accomplishments are usually overlooked. He expanded civil service and instructed the Justice Department and IRS to go after gangsters and prosecute them for tax evasion, and despite the best efforts of Eliot Ness, it was the IRS that got Al Capone. Hoover set aside 3 million acres for national parks, doubled the number of veterans hospitals, began construction of the Boulder Dam (later renamed for him.) As Secretary of Commerce under President Harding, Hoover had put policies into place for traffic rules and automobile standards as he recognized the significant role of the automobile in American life. As president, he built the San Francisco Bay Bridge.

While Hoover could not have prevented nor caused the financial mess of the late 1920s, the sitting president traditionally becomes the scapegoat. While it is widely believed that Franklin Delano Roosevelt easily beat Hoover in the 1932 election because of the crash and the depression, Hoover's stand on prohibition did not help him any. Publicly, Hoover stated that Prohibition was "a noble experiment" but privately, was known to sometimes visit his friends at the Belgian embassy. Being foreign soil, he was able to enjoy a drink before going home. Hoover left office on March 4, 1933 and FDR was elected for an unprecidented 4 terms before his death in 1945. In retirement, Hoover continued to perform public service, advise presidents and write books. He died on October 20, 1964 in New York, at the age of 90.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Hhover.gif
President Herbert Hoover
31st President of the United States

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 40 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1902, the King of Burgers was born in Des Plaines, Illinois. Ray Kroc was a natural salesman with a keen eye for an opportunity. After driving ambulances in World War I, Kroc came home to sell real estate and paper cups. In the 1930's, Kroc was intrigued by a machine that could make five milkshakes at a time, the Multimixer, and he bought the rights from the inventor to sell the machines. He was also intrigued by a restuarant in California, owned by the McDonald brothers, that kept buying Multimixers. He went to California to see it for himself. He was stunned at the assembly line appearance of the restaurant, and how quickly people could be served. The McDonald brothers built a building with white and red tile, golden neon arches over the building, and large canted windows. He convinced the McDonald brothers to let him market and expand the operation, and he opened the second McDonald's in Des Plaines, Illinois in 1955. By 1961, there were 228 McDonald's and after squabling with the McDonald brothers, he bought them out. When he died in 1984, there were over 7,500 outlets and today, there are over 31,000 McDonalds restaurants around the world.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/89c77f47-48e7-4b6d-9df5-8b6d8e3e8ed.jpg
The First McDonalds Museum in Des Plaines, Illinois. It is a faithful
reproduction of the original restaurant that was razed in 1984. This is a museum,
not a restaurant, but there is a McDonads across the street. The sign is original.

...in 1969, a most embarrassing incident occured at Homestead Air Force Base, near Miami, Florida. A Cuban defector, Lieutenant Eduardo Guerra Jimenez, was flying a Soviet made MiG-17as and landed at Homestead in order to defect. It was an embarrassment to Cuba for losing an aircraft and a citizen. It was embarrassing for the Soviets to lose an aircraft. It was more embarrassing to the Air Force to let a Cuban military craft penetrate American air space, undetected, and land at an Air Base where Air Force One was on the tarmac, awaiting the return of President Nixon. A new radar tracking facility soon went on line at Homestead.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/MiG.jpg
Rob Landry was stationed at Homestead AFB and took these photos of the Cuban MiG that landed there.

...in 1965, Chuck Linster, of Chicago, set a world record when he performed 6,006 consecutive push-ups. (6,006! I don't think I can even do six anymore!)

...in 1892, the notorius Dalton Gang made their last bank robbery attempt in Coffeyville, Kansas, when the townspeople stood up and shot back at them. The Dalton had led a life of crime that included cattle rustling and armed robbery of banks and trains. Emmet Daltton, riddled with 23 gunshot wounds, was the sole survivor of the ill-fated Coffeyville Raid. He returned 40 years later to warn thieves not to bother with a life of crime. "The biggest fool on earth is the one who thinks he can beat the law, that crime can be made to pay. It never paid and it never will and that was the one big lesson of the Coffeyville Raid," Dalton said there.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/mugshot1907.jpg
Emmett Dalton's Mugshot

...in 1947, President Harry Truman made the first televised Presidential address from the White House. He was asking Americans to help conserve food so American food resources could be sent to Europe in the Marshall Plan. Televiion was not widespread in 1947, and there weren't that many sets out there in the world. (FDR was the first to appear on television, but not as President in 1929, as Joe Biden recently told us. FDR appered on a broadcast from the Worlds' Fair in 1939 in an experiment, but it was Harry Truman who first addressed the American people on television, on this date in 1947.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Harry_Truman.jpg
President Harry Truman was the first
president to address the nation from the
White House.

That's it. That's all we know as of 3:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 34 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1866, an innovation in crime was developed by Frank, William, Simeon and John Reno of Indiana. The Reno brothers were the first crooks to stop a moving train for the purpose of robbing it. They were all captured in 1868 but came to a sad end. Vigilantes stormed the jail and just outside Seymour, Indiana, they were hanged. Three days later, the rest of the gang was lynched from the same tree, in a place now known as Hangman Crossing, Indiana. (It's an unincorporated town on US 50 about 3 miles Southwest of Seymour.) Robbing a moving train was such an innovation that many others tried it, including a former cattle rustler who made train robbery into his specialty - Butch Cassidy and The Wild Bunch. Eventually, the railroads began to fight back, starting with safes ("Think ya used enough dynamite thar, Butch?") and armed guards, even specially armored rail cars.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Frankreno.jpg/180px-Frankreno.jpg
Frank Reno, thought to be the
leader of the Reno Gang.

...in 1926, Babe Ruth hit three home runs in the fourth game of the World Series against the St. Louis Cardinals. (In 1928, Ruth hit three home runs in the fourth game of the World Series against those same Cardinals.) Despite having a lineup that included the "Murder's Row" of Lou Gehrig, Earle Combs and The Babe, the Cardinals, powered by their own stars of Rogers Hornsby, Flint Rehm and Bill Sherdel, won the series in seven games. In 1977, Reggie "Mr. October" Jackson, also a Yankee, became the second man to hit three home runs in a World Series game.

...in 1959, the movie Pillow Talk opened, the first of three romantic comedies starring Rock Hudson and Doris Day. A popular singer with big bands, Day got her Hollywood break when she was called to replace Betty Hutton in the 1949 film, Romance on the High Seas. She was very popular and starred in dozens of films including Please Don't Eat The Daisies, Pajama Game and Hitchcock's The Man Who Knew Too Much with James Stewart. Day did not want to record Que Sera, Sera as a single, dismissing it as "...a silly children's song." She relented to record it, though, and it went on to win the Oscar for best song and the largest selling record of her career. Rock Hudson? You read about him on the October 2 update.

http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/31/61731-004-8ED8FD6B.jpg
Rock Hudson and Doris Day starred in Pillow Talk,
with Tony Randall, a 1959 romantic comedy that was a
smash hit. The team of Hudson, Day and Randall would
make two more of the genre, Lover Come Back and
Send Me No Flowers.

...in 1966, the breeder demonstration nuclear reactor at Fermi Laboratory in Monroe, Michigan, had a near meltdown. A sodium cooling system malfunction caused the partial meltdown. The accident was attributed to a zirconium fragment that obstructed a flow-guide in the sodium cooling system. Two of the 105 fuel assemblies melted during the incident, but no contamination was recorded outside the containment vessel.

...in 1965, the Supremes released I Hear a Symphony on the Motown label. It reached #1 on the Billboard chart for two weeks in November, 1965.

...in 1926, Auburn Cord Duesenberg began operation as E.L. Cord bought the Duesenberg Automobile Company of Iowa. A few days ago, we read about the engineering expertise of Fred Duesenberg, a German born emmigrant who loved designing large, powerful engines. Duesenberg powered race cars won the Indianapolis 500 in 1924 and 1925, after winning the 24 hour Leans race in 1921. ACD built the Duesenberg J, still thought of as one of the finest automobiles ever built.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Model_A/Clark_Gable_and_his_1935_Duesenberg.jpg
Clark Gable with one of two Duesenbergs he reportedly owned.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 66 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1913, Highland Park, Michigan was the location of the first automotive assembly line. Some time before that, Charles "Cast Iron Charlie" Sorensen tied a rope loop to a Model T chassis, looped it over his shoulders, and bulled the chassis across the floor as workers added parts to it, to see how an assembly line might work. Ford began to build magnetos on a moving assembly line instead of one man building one magneto. The line reduced assembly time from over 20 minutes down to five minutes. When the assembly line began building cars in 1913, assembly time of a Model T dropped from 12-1/2 hours to less than six hours. The result was also a lower-priced Model T, achieving Henry Ford's goal of building a car for great multitude. When the Ford Motor Company was producing a Model T every 24 second, the price dropped to $290. 15 million Model T' were built between October 1908 and May 1927, when it was discontinued. Today, the assembly line is a common sight but in 1913, it was a revolution.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/ford4.jpg
Model T bodies are mated to Model T chassis at the
body drop on the first assembly line.

...in 1949, the states of Germany that were trapped in the Soviet occupation zone, became the Democratic Republic of Germany. Neither democratic, nor a republic, the puppet state became better know as simply, East Germany. Otto Grotewohl was the Prime Minister and Wilhem Peck was the first President. East Germany was comprised of the states of Brandenburg, Lusatia, Thuringa and Saxony. The city of Berlin remained divided between east and west, even though it was deep inside East Germany. In some circles, East Germany was best known for some of the strongest, fastest and suspiciously un-feminine women athletes in world competitions and the Olympics. The country ceased to exist in 1990 when the Soviet Union dissolved and the states of East Germany were reunited with West Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/DDR_Verwaltungsbezirke_farbig.svg/350px-DDR_Verwaltungsbezirke_farbig.svg.png
The five German states were eliminated and the country was
split into 15 "Bezirke" (districts) in order to centralize
power under the politburo.

...in 1965, during a high wind, Robert Mitera hit a drive on the 10th hole of Omaha, Nebraska's Miracle Hills golf course. The ball got up into the wind and was carried 447 yards to the green where it fell into the cup. It was the longest hole-in-one ever recorded.

...in 1982, Cats opened on Broadway, based on stories by T.S. Elliot's Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats with music by Andrew Lloyd-Webber and lyrics by Trevor Nunn. (It opened on London's West End on May 11, 1981.) During its Broadway record run of 7,485 performances (it closed on September 10, 2000) it grossed over $400 million and played to over10 million people. (The record was surpassed on January 10, 2006 by another well-loved Andrew Lloyd-Webber play, The Phantom of the Opera.) The only number out of Cats that is even close to being a memorable and singable tune is Memories. The cast list reads with some interesting names, like Asparagus, Grizabella, Bustopher Jones, Rumpleteazer and (one of my favorites) Mungojerrie.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/30/CatsOriginalLondonCast.jpg
London original cast of Cats.

That's it. That's all we know as of 1:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, no news.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we had 57 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History... The Great Fires of 1871

What was the worst fire disaster in American history? I'll give you a hint, it happened on this date, October 8, 1871.

If you were to say the Great Chicago Fire, you would be wrong.

While the Chicago fire was a terrible disaster in terms of property loss, it also is proof of what good PR and a sympathetic media can do. There were no fewer than four major fires that fateful night, in Chicago, Wisconsin and Michigan. Some of them would burn out on October 9 and at least one would continue to burn for more than a week. When the conflagrations were over, businesses were ruined, thousands were left homeless, millions of acres of prime forestland was destroyed and more than 3,000 people perished, perhaps even more.

Conditions for disaster were perfect. It was a drought Summer and on the evening of October 8, a low pressure system over the central portion of the United States pushed southerly winds upward over Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan. The winds swept the fires northward and acted as bellows, fanning the flames to intense temperatures, in excess of 2,000º in many places.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/WER2002-10.jpg
Courtesy: Deana C. Hipke. The Great Peshtigo Fire of 1871. (http://www.peshtigofire.info/)

In Chicago, a fire began in the home of Patrick and Catherine O'Leary at 137 DeKoven Street. Popular legend has it that the fire started in O'Leary's barn when a cow kicked over a kerosene lantern, but there is no evidence to support the legend. The fire was contained primarily to the area that would later be known as The Loop, although it did jump the Chicago River and destroyed much of the city. When it was over, the fire consumed 17,450 structures, including homes and businesses, caused $200 million in property loss and caused the ruination of fire insurance providers.

250 souls perished in the fire, the death toll could have been much higher with an intense fire in such a densely populated area. (The first building to be rebuilt in downtown Chicago was a department store, built by Marshall Field who began construction before all the ashes were cool. The store still stands and is still in business, but for some reason that I will never understand, has been renamed "Macy's." Except for Mr. Field's building, in the name of historical interest only, I will never, set foot in a Macy's department store.)

In Eastern Michigan, fires in the "thumb of the mitten" in Huron, Sanilac and Tuscola Counites, destroyed the towns of Grindstone City, Huron City, Port Hope and White Rock. The Huron Fires destroyed over 40 square miles and killed over 50 people.

In Southwestern Michigan, fires raged around the city of Holland and later that night, hurricane force winds that were caused by the fires themselves (see Peshtigo Fire, below) moved into the city. Between 1 and 3 AM on October 9, most of the city of Holland was destroyed. 210 homes, 90 businesses, 5 churches, 3 hotels and boats were lost in the fire. Those who were covered by insurance never collected as most insurance companies were ruined by the weenie roast in Chicago. Miraculously, only one person, an elderly widow, died in the fire.

In Northwestern Michigan, fires surrounding the logging town of Manistee were whipped into firestorms by the same predominantly southern winds that affected the other fires in Michigan's Lower Peninsula and on the west shores of Lake Michigan. Manistee was perfectly prepared for disaster in the drought conditions, with stacks of wood on the docks, awaiting shipment. The town had many huge lumberyards with mountains of sawdust that were a result of sawyer operations. The winds whipped the fires into firestorms that, in turn, were whipped into greater winds caused by the great heat. Over 1,000 citizens were left homeless. Unlike the other fires that were blocked by large bodies of water, the Manistee fire burned out of control and headed east across Michigan, destroying well over 2,000 square miles of forest land. It left hundreds of people homeless and killed over 200 people before it was brought under control and extinguished on October 19.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/1871_FireMapv2.jpg

In Peshtigo, Wisconsin, the worst fire in North American history (http://www.peshtigofire.info/) occurred. When The Peshtigo Fire finally died out, it had destroyed 1.5 million acres (that's 2400 square miles) in northeastern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. All property in the path of the fire was destroyed and it claimed an unknown total of souls, estimated between 1,200 and 2,400. The total death toll will never be known because of uncounted itinerant lumberjacks and native Americans in the area, and numerous homesteaders that were not recorded after the census of 1870.

Conditions were perfect for the disaster, it was a dry summer with drought conditions. The last rain, just a trace, had been recorded on September 5. Because of the dry conditions, crews building the Chicago and Northwestern Railway line to Michigan walked off the job for lack of drinking water. No one is really sure how the fire started, but the area had been logged using a method called "slash and burn" where everything is clear-cut and the remains were burned in bonfires.

However it all started, several small fires were fanned by prevailing winds from the south, pushing the fires northward. Temperatures reached over 2,000º causing updrafts, literally, fire tornados. Survivors reported seeing funnels of fire carrying debris, structures and even railroad cars into the sky. Hurricane force winds were caused by the intense heat which, in turn, whipped the fire into an even hotter inferno. The firestorm even carried it across Green Bay, starting fires on the Door County peninsula.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/WER2002-08.jpg
Courtesy: Deana C. Hipke. The Great Peshtigo Fire of 1871. (http://www.peshtigofire.info/)

The citizens of Peshtigo and all the other communities in the path of the fire were helpless against the conflagration and it was nature that ultimately fought the fire. The fires quickly burned out the available oxygen in the atmosphere, sucking cool, fresh air down from Canada. The resulting torrents forced the fire back on to itself, driving it eastward toward Lake Michigan. Since the fire had already consumed everything, there was nothing left for fuel. When the fire reached the shores of Lake Michigan, it just died out.

Those who survived did so by climbing into the Peshtigo River or other bodies of water. Not everyone survived, many drowned and others suffocated because the fire consumed all available oxygen. Located remains were buried in a mass grave in the church cemetery. Bodies were either burned beyond recognition or there wasn't anyone left to make identifications.

The incredible heat left several strange scenes. The brass firehouse bell melted. Railroad cars were completely destroyed, leaving only iron trucks that were partially melted. Peshtigo's largest structure was wooden spoon factory. It was a five story affair, built with stone and masonry, said to be fireproof but it was reduced to rubble. At the hardware store, spoons were melted together into one solid mass.

It was the largest fire in American history, causing the greatest death toll and destroying the most property. Why is Chicago remembered but not Peshitgo? Chicago had newspaper reporters and access to telegraph lines to spread the story. Peshtigo had one telegraph line, and it was an early victim of the fire. The fire was forgotten for decades but the Peshtigo Fire is experiencing renewed interest as scholars are using modern technology to determine how it started and why it was so devastating.

The Marinette Eagle commemorated the fire on October 4, 1895:

On swept the tornado, with maddening rush,
Uprooting the trees o'er the plain, thro' the brush,
And the sky-leaping flames, with hot, scorching breath,
Gathered parents and children to the harvest of death.

As years roll along and the ages have sped
O'er the charred, blackened bones of the Peshtigo dead,
And the story is told by the pen of the sage,
In letter's immortal on history's page.
No fancy can compass the horror and fright,
The anguish and woe of that terrible night.

http://www.peshtigofire.info/images/museum1.JPG
The fire is commemorated at the Peshitgo Fire
Museum in Peshitgo, Wisconsin, in the first
church rebuilt after the fire. A mass grave is
located in the adjacent cemetery.
Courtesy: Deana C. Hipke. The Great Peshtigo Fire of 1871. (http://www.peshtigofire.info/)

There were other events this date. Alvin C. York single-handedly captured 132 German soldiers in 1918, Aleksander Solzhenitsyn was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1970, Don Larsen threw a perfect game in the 1956 World Series and in 1965, the BT Tower opened in London, the tallest building in England at the time. As important as those events are, they pale in comparison to the Great Fires of 1871.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 46 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1965, the Beatles' single, Yesterday went to #1 on the Billboard chart and stayed there for four weeks. It was the first song performed by only one member of the band, Paul McCartney, backed up by a string quartet. Although credited as Lennon-McCartney, the song is pure McCartney. Yesterday has the most cover versions of any song ever written, according to the Guinness Book of Records. The haunting melody remains popular today and has over 3,000 recorded cover versions. Broadcast Music Incorporated (BMI) asserts that it was performed over seven million times in the 20th century alone.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e5/Beatles-singles-yesterday.jpg/200px-Beatles-singles-yesterday.jpg
The B side of the platter was
Act Naturally, a rather odd juxtaposition
to the haunting melody of Yesterday.

...in 1635, Roger Williams was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for having the audacity to speak out against the ruling authority for punishing religious complaints and confiscating the lands of Native Americans. Having befriended the Naragansett Tribe, Williams moved and founded a new colony at the confluence of two rivers that emptied into Naragansett Bay. Several disgruntled colonists went with him, and seeing this as a sign from God, Williams named the new community "Providence." The new colony of Rhode Island became a haven for disidents like Williams, along with the first Jews to settle in North America, Quakers and others who were exiled from Massachusetts. Williams also founded the first Baptist church and wrote a dictionary of Native American languages.

...in 1942, Roger "The Terrible" Touhy escaped from the prison where he had been a guest of the State of Illinois. The bootlegger had been framed for the phony kidnapping of John "Jake the Barber" Factor, brother of Max Factor, and a notorious confidence man. Touhy was the son of a cop and ran a trucking company that fell on hard times in the depression. He realized he could make a pretty good living by brewing hihg quality beer and using his trucks to deliver it. He operated in the northwest suburbs and even sold his high quality beer to the Capone organization, but Al Capone tired of paying premium prices and wanted take over his operation. Touhy was one of the few independents who refused to be intimidated by Capone. He was convicted of the phoney kidnapping after being arrested by Daniel "Tubbo" Gilbert, the richest cop in the world. Touhy escaped but was soon recaptured. (There is far more intrigue in this story than we have time, or space, to tell here.) New evidence and a new trial released him from prison in 1959, but he died of gunshot wounds not long after being released. His last words were, "I've been expecting it. The bastards never forget." No arrests were ever made in his murder. (Touhy Avenue in Chicago is not named for him, the major thoroughfare was named for Patrick Touhy, the developer of Rogers Park, and the son in law of Phillip Rogers, an early settler in the area. Patrick Touhy, may, or may not, be related to Roger "The Terrible" Touhy.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/82/RogerTouhy.jpg/175px-RogerTouhy.jpg
Roger Touhy in his
FBI mugshot.

...in 1974, Oskar Schindler passed away. He was a member of the Nazi Party during World War II and owned am enamel-works factory in Poland. When the Jewish ghetto was liquidated and all Jews were to be shipped to concentration camps, Schindler presented a list to Nazi officials of 1,200 Jews that were essential to his operation. The Nazis transferred the people on the list to the forced labor camp at Plaszow, saving his labor force but, more importantly, saving those people from the death camps. In 1944, as the Nazis were retreating, the 1,200 were ordered to be shipped to the death camp at Auschwitz. Schindler, once again, appealed to the Nazi leaders, and at great personal risk, bribed the officials to allow him to relocate his factory to Czechoslovakia and take his 1,200 Jewish workers with him. At the end of the war, he was penniless but saved the 1,200 people from certain death. Thomas Keneally met a survivor and supporter of the Schindlerjuden, ("Schindler's Jews") Poldek Pfefferberg, and wrote a book based on Pfefferberg's story. The book was entitled Schindler's Ark which would later be renamed Schindler's List. Pfeffenberg had been trying to interest television and filmmakers in the story, but to no avail until Keneally published his book, ironically, published as a novel. Steven Spielberg told the story in his 1993 groundbreaking film, Schindler's List. After the theatrical run, NBC ran Schindler's List uninterupted, sponsored by Ford Motor Company. (The irony is that old Henry Ford had been a noted anti-semite, a position he recanted during World War II. Henry Ford died in 1947.) Schindler lived in Frankfurt after the war, all but destitute. No one knows what influenced him to save the 1,200 Jews, other than knowing them and appreciating them as people. He was often hissed at on the street as a traitor to his race. Oskar Schindler was commemorated as a "Righteous Person" at the Yad Vashem Holocaust Museum in Jerusalem, the only Nazi to be so recognized. He is buried in a Catholic cemetery on Mount Zion in Israel. (Oskar Schindler, nor any of his business ventures, are related to the Schindler Group, the huge Swiss conglomerate that includes Schindler Elevator in the United States.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/df/Oskar_Schindler.jpg
Oskar Schindler 1908-1974

...in 1992, a great meteor was observed by thousands of people as it streaked across Kentucky, West Virginia, Pennsylvania and New York before it crashed into the trunk of a 1980 Chevrolet Malibu, owned by Mrs. Michelle Knapp of Wells Street in Peekskill, NY. How would like to have been able to listen in on that call the the insurance adjuster?

http://www.todayinsci.com/Events/Meteor/MeteoritePeekskillCarThm.jpg
The Chevy Malibu that
took the meteorite hit
has toured the US,
Germany, Switzerland,
France and Japan.

...in 1930, Laura Ingalls landed in Glendale, California, completing the first solo transcontinental flight by a woman. Laura Ingalls? Yup, but not the one you're thinking of. This one was a record-setting aviator in the 1930's. She even served time for failing to register as a German agent during WWII, most certainly not the Little House Ingalls that lived in Wisconsin, Minnesota, South Dakota, Florida and Missouri.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0c/Ingalls_011.jpg/180px-Ingalls_011.jpg
Laura Ingalls in a 1934 publicity shot.
Photo courtesy of Hill Aerospace Museum (http://www.hill.af.mil/museum/history/ingalls.htm).

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 55 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 732, near Poitiers, France, Charles Martel led the Frankish army against the Spainish Moors in the Battle of Tours, halting the Muslim advance into Europe. Abd-ar-Rahman, the Muslim governor of Cordoba, died in the battle and as a result, the Moors retreated from Gaul, never returning as a large force. Martel was Catholic and an illegitimate son of Pepin, the ruler of the Franks. Pepin died in 714 with no heir, but Martin beat out Pepin's three grandsons to rule over the Franks. He expanded the Franks influence and drove out the Muslims. His son, named Pepin, became the first Carilingian king of the Franks while his grandson, Charlamagne (Karl der Grosse if you happen to be a German historian) built a vast empire across Europe. Charlamagne is considered, by some, to be the first king of what would become modern Europe.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Steuben_-_Bataille_de_Poitiers.png/300px-Steuben_-_Bataille_de_Poitiers.png
Charles de Steuben's Bataille de Poitiers en
Octobre 732 depicts a triumphant Charles Martel (mounted)
facing ‘Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi (right) at the Battle of Tours.

...in 1991, Joseph Harris, a former US Postal Service worker, went into the post office in Ridgewood, New Jersey where he shot two former co-workers to death. The previous evening, he had gone into the home of his former supervisor, Carol Ott, where he had stabbed her to death with a three foot long Samuri sword, then killed her fiance, Cornelius Kasten. After a stand off at the post office, he surrendered to police. The high profile incident was one of several disgruntled postal workers who turned to violence, adding the phrase, "going postal" to the American lexicon. In a ten year run from 1983 to 1993, there were no fewer than 11 violent rampages in United States Postal Service facilities. The worst was in Edmonton, Oklahoma where Pat Sherril killed 14 postal workers before he shot and killed himself.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/1986-post-office-killing-spree-statue.jpg/180px-1986-post-office-killing-spree-statue.jpg
A memorial was placed in
Edmond, Oklahoma for the
post office shooting there. Between
1986 and 1997, more than 40
people died in 20 cases of
workplace rage.

...in 1901, history was made in Grosse Pointe, Michigan. The Detroit Racing Club sponsored a race at the Grosse Pointe Race Track, with three entrants. One withdrew, the second was Henry Ford, entering his first race, and the third entrant was Alexander Winton. Winton had been building and selling automobiles from his factory in Cleveland, Ohio since 1897. He was widely known, in fact, the award for first place in this race was a crystal punchbowl that Winton had designed because "...it will fit into my collection at home." Three laps into the ten lap race, the Winton car began to smoke and was forced out of the race. Ford continued to run alone, completing the 10 lap race as the sole winner. It was reported that he jumped down from the car and said, "Well, I'm never going to do that again! I've never been so scared in my life." The nortoriety that he gained from the race allowed him to form the Ford Motor Company in 1903. (Winton continued to build automobiles, in fact, a Winton was the first car to complete a transcontinental drive in 1903, driven by Dr. Horatio Nelson Jackson. Winton stopped building automobiles in 1924 but continued to build stationary engines. Winton's company was absorbed into the EMD division of General Motors and still operates today.) How different the world might be if the Winton automobile had not broken down in the race that was held on this date in 1901.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Model_A/sweep.jpg
One of two replicas of Henry Ford's racing car, built for the Ford Centenial in 2003.

...in 1957, Bushville beat the Bronx Bombers to win the World Series. The Milwaukee Braves were not well respected, Milwaukee having been called Bushville by some of the New York Yankees, scornful of having to go to a small, midwestern town to play such an important series. The Yankees were managed by the legendary Casey Stengel, and manned by stars like Elston Howard, Yogi Berra and Mickey Mantle, even Tony Kubek who hailed from Appleton, Wisconsin. The Braves, however, had Lew Burdette, Warren Spahn, Bob Buhl, and a young outfielder named Henry Aaron, who had hit 44 home runs that year. When Spahn, scheduled to pitch the 7th game, came down with flu, Lew Burdette pitched the game on two days rest. Burdette was the series MVP, the first pitcher to be so honored since 1920, for winning three games in the seven game series. Opponents said that Burdette threw illegal spitballs. Burdette was known for fidgeting, touching his hat and face so much that Manager Fred Haney said, "He could make coffee nervous." No one was ever able to prove that Burdette doctored baseballs, but he continued his career, and was quite effective, well into the 1960's.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Model_A/bfdf_1.jpg

...in 1965, the "Vinland Map" was introduced by Yale University as being the 1st known map of America. It is believed to have been drawn about 1440 by the Norse explorer, Leif Eriksson. The debate continues as to whether the map is a fake or the real McCoy, or real Eriksson, as it were.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Vinland_Map_HiRes.jpg/300px-Vinland_Map_HiRes.jpg
The Vinland Map

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 51 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1923, two men jumped the engineer of Southern Pacific train #13, bound for San Francisco, in Tunnel 13 under the Siskiyou Mountains in Oregon, and ordered the train to stop. The train stopped with the engine and mail car outside the tunnel while the passenger cars were still inside the tunnel. A third man, carrying explosives to blow up the mail car for the purpose of robbing it, also climbed aboard. The bomb was too powerful, though, and the mail car was blown to smithereens. ("Think ya used enough dynamite, thar, Butch?") Sadly, the explosion also killed the clerk inside. The stunned robbers panicked, shooting and killing the engineer, fireman and brakeman before they fled, without their loot. They left clothing and a detonator but bloodhounds were unable to track them. The SPRR sent the evidence to Edward O. Heinrich, a criminology professor at the University of California in Berkeley and a real life Sherlock Holmes. He wrote back. "The overalls you sent me were worn by a left-handed lumberjack accustomed to working around fir trees. He is a white man between 21 and 25 years of age, not over five feet ten inches tall and he weighs about 165 pounds. He has medium light brown hair, a fair complexion, light brown eye-brows, small hands and feet, and he is rather fastidious in his personal habits. Apparently he has lived and worked in the Pacific Northwest. Look for such a man. You will be hearing more from me shortly." Heinrich had examined the clothes and determined that pine pitch was what police had taken for grease. He figured the wear on a button was caused by a left handed wearer. He also found a piece of paper than was part of a certified mail receipt - and he traced it all back to three brothers, twins Ray and Roy D'Autremont and Hugh, their little brother. All were arrested and sentenced to life in prison. It was one of 2,000 cases solved by Heinrich. His amazing career is documented in a book entitled The Wizard of Berkeley by E.B. Block, published by Coward-McCann in 1958.

http://i.cdn.turner.com/trutv/trutv.com/graphics/photos/criminal_mind/forensics/nutshell_studies/Edward-O-Heinrich200.jpg
Edward O. Heinrich was a criminology
professor at UC Berkeley and was known
for his uncanny ability to solve crimes
from seemingly invisible evidence. He was
reported to have solved 2000 crimes at
the time of his death in 1953.

...in 1939, the American Federation of Labor (AFL) announced that it was in opposition to American involvement in Europe. It wasn't really a surprise, most Americans were against the war and against US involvement, even President Roosevelt wished to remain neutral. The AFL was also announced a boycott of products from German, Japanese and Russian products.

...in 1942, while the battle for Guadalcanal raged on, the American navy spotted a Japanese fleet on its way to reinforce their troops on Guadalcanal. The Marines landed in August in the first offensive assault of the war, embarking on the strategy of island-hopping to the Japanese homeland. The Japanese were dug into the island and continued harassing the Marines who were also facing dwindling supplies. The Japanese, meanwhile, were bringing in supplies and reinforcements at night, using something the Marines called "The Tokyo Express." In an effort to slow The Tokyo Express, the US Navy detected and sank the heavy cruiser Furutaka along with three destroyers. 110 Japanese sailors refused to be rescued by the Americans, preferring the honorable death by shark to capture by the enemy. They are listed as "Missing." 115 Japanese sailors were rescued as POWs. As the Navy continued to harass the Japanese, not many supplies or reinforcements made it to the island, and by Christmas, 1942, they left the island in defeat.

http://guadalcanal.homestead.com/2008photos/1942PICS/japanese_airdrop_basket__Box_57_50507.jpg
This Japanese air-drop basket was captured
on Guadalcanal. It was part of "The Tokyo Express"
that kept the Japanese garrison supplied.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/11/Japanese_cruiser_Furutaka.jpg/300px-Japanese_cruiser_Furutaka.jpg
The Furutaka was sunk on October 12 by
a torpedo during the Battle of Cape Esperance, in
support of the battle for Guadalcanal.

...in 1944, the Bogart and Bacall film, To Have and Have Not opened in New York. Bogart was a popular actor, mostly known for playing hard-boiled characters like Sam Spade and Rick Blaine. Lauren Bacall was a new actress, 25 years younger than Bogart. Chemistry knows no age, though, and the two fell in love instantly. The electricity between them shows up onscreen, making To Have and Have Not one of Bogart's more interesting films. Bacall's most famous line from the movie was actually added by director Howard Hawkes. He had written the line for her screen test, and she so impressed him that he added the line to the script. She turns and says to Morgan (Bogart) "If you need me, just whistle." She starts to leave the room, then turns and with The Look says, "You do know how to whistle, don't you Steve? You just put your lips together and blow." The line is listed as #34 in the American Film Institute's Top 100 movie lines.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/MV5BMTIxMjU0NzcyNV5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTY.jpg
Look at Lauren Bacall's eyes on Bogart. The heat between them
almost burns the film. The script was written by Nobel Prize winning
author William Faulkner, from a novel written by Nobel Prize winning
author Ernest Hemingway, the only film to have such a distinguished
staff of writers.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/c09f5794.jpg
19 year old Lauren Bacall made her film debut in
To Have and Have Not. Her sizzling sensuality
earned her the nickname, "The Look." Here, she
kisses Bogart and the following exchange occurs:
Morgan: What'd you do that for?
Slim: To see if I'd like it.
Morgan: What's the decision?
Slim: I don't know yet.
[She kisses him again, then stands.]
Slim: It's even better when you help.

...in 1965, Chris Spielman was born in Canton, Ohio. He was a stand-out high school football player at Massillon's Washington High School. (Interestingly, Canton and Massillon are both noted football powerhouses and intense rivals!) He was heavily recruited by colleges but chose Ohio State, and later was drafted by the Detroit Lions as the 29th overall pick. He also played for the Buffalo Bills and Cleveland Browns before retiring. He took off the entire season in 1999, to stay home with his children while his wife, Stephanie, was treated for breast cancer - even shaving his head to match her hair loss. Today, he hosts a local radio show, covers football for ESPN and he and Stephanie raise money for the Stephanie Spielman Fund for Breast Cancer Research.

http://tbn3.google.com/images?q=tbn:pJPPZEyodV5TAM:http://medicine.osu.edu/news/images/high_quality/Stef_Chris_Spielman.jpg
Stephanie and Chris Spielman

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 58 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1492, Christophorus Colombus (Anglicized as Christopher Columbus) arrived in the new world. He was the ulitmate politician: When he left Europe, he had no idea where he was going. When he arrived, he had no idea where he was. When he returned, he had no idea where he had been - and he made the entire trip with someone else's money.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Christopher_Columbus3.jpg/250px-Christopher_Columbus3.jpg
Depiction of Columbus landing in
the New World on October 12, 1492.

Columbus thought he had found a short-cut to India, but it was the travel journals of Amerigo Vespucci, published in 1502 that convinced mapmaker Martin Waldseemüller that Columbus had discovered a new continent. In 1507, Waldseemüller published a map of the world calling the new continent "America," the Anglicized spelling of Vespucci's name. It could have been worse. He could have called it "Vespucciland." The veneration of Columbus in the United States began in colonial days and "Columbia" was often bandied about as a name for the new nation. "Columbus" was given to the name of Ohio in 1812. The name "Columbia" was given to the capital of South Carolina and the District of Columbia for the nation's capital. There were several attempts to rename the United States for Columbus, but they all failed. "Columbia" is recognized as a female counterpart of the male Uncle Sam.

The celebration of Columbus reached it's peak on the 400th anniversary of the discovery, including the Columbian Exposition in Chicago (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index269.html#post597059) in 1893, albeit opening three months late. Descendants of Columbus had the family chapel in Spain dismantled and rebuilt in 1909, in Boalsburg (http://www.boalmuseum.com/), near State College, Pennsylvania. Columbus Day is still celebrated in many locations, and many cities, counties, towns and roads bear his name in the United States.

In Venezuella, however, the reverence of Columbus Day was overturned by Hugo Chavez. Venezuella now calls October 12 Day of Indigenous Resistance and Chavez calls Columbus a tyrant. Statues have been toppled and defaced by left-wing activists. While there is some grumbling about Columbus in the United States these days, he is still recognized as the explorer who discovered the "New World" and made our lives here possible.


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tumba_de_Colon-Sevilla.jpg/431px-Tumba_de_Colon-Sevilla.jpg
The tomb of Columbus is in Seville Cathedral. His
remains are borne by the kings of Castille,
Leon, Aragon and Navarre.

...in 1810, Princess Therese von Sachsen-Hildburghausen married Bavarian Crown Prince Louis. The royal family invited the citizens of Bavaria to the celebration, held on the fields in front of the palace called, "Theresenwiese" (Therese's Fields) for the crown princess. (Today, the fields are just called "Wies'n." ) The party included horse races, and it was so much fun that the party repeated in 1812, and every year since then, with 24 exceptions. Since there was only one wedding, the party became known as "Oktoberfest" and is held each year from late September through the first Sunday in October. (Oktoberfest was cancelled in 1811 because of the Napoleonic War and again in 1914 through 1918 because of the World War. Oktoberfest has been cancelled 24 times because of war or national emergencies.) Of course today, as always, the guest of honor is "bier." Over 1,000,000 gallons of suds is consumed annually.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Wiesn2006_Luftaufnahme.jpg
Theresenwiese the day before the opening of Oktoberfest in 2006.

...in 1918, The Cloquet-Moose Lake fire raged through upper Minnesota, destroying 1,500 acres of forest and leaving thousands homeless. The area, north of Duluth, was all set for a disaster. It was a drought year and the land had been cleared by loggers. (You'd think they would have learned from the clear-cut program that was part of the fire that destroyed Peshtigo, Wisconsin almost exactly 47 years earlier.) 38 towns and villages were burned, 453 deaths were reported and 85 were seriously injured. 6,000 barns, 4,000 homes and at least 40 schools went up in flames. The fire caused about $100 million in damage to the area.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0b/Cloquet_Moose_Fires_map_P7120308_map.jpg
This map of the Cloquet-Moose Lake Fire area appears on a state plaque as a
historical marker on US 53, north of Duluth. The black areas indicate the fire damage.

...in 1938, production began on the MGM blockbuster The Wizard of Oz. The production was fraught with issues, starting with Sam Goldwyn first wanting Shirley Temple for the role of Dorothy. Shirley Temple's stock had been plummeting, so Judy Garland was given the role - she was the lowest paid of the performers and yet, was the star of the story. Buddy Ebsen, better known as Jed Klampett and Barnaby Jones, was a well-known hoofer who was given the role of The Tin Man, but an alergic reaction to the silver makeup almost killed him. It was released in 1939 to rave reviews (after its world premier in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index281.html#post673722)) and is still one of the top selling videos in the United States. It ranks 6th in the AFI's listing of America's top 100 films.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/71/Buddy_Ebsen_Tin_Man.jpg
Buddy Ebsen as the Tin Man. He
was actually cast as the Scarecrow, but
swapped parts with Ray Bolger, originally
cast as the Tin Man. Ebsen recorded all
his numbers and participated in rehersals
but after filming started, he experienced
cramps and shortness of breath. His alergic
reaction to the aluminum powder makeup
required hospitalization and Jack Haley
replaced him. MGM quietly replaced the
makeup with paste. Ironically, Ebsen outlived
all the other cast members.

http://h2one2.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/the-wizard-of-oz.jpg?w=300&h=225
The Cowardly Lion, Scarecrow, Toto, Dorothy and the Tin Man
set off to see the wizard and found everlasting fame instead.

...in 1940, silent film cowboy star, Tom Mix, died in a freak car accident in Arizona. While driving a 1937 Cord 812 Phaeton on US 80, a straight desert road. Mix came upon barricades, warning of a bridge washout over a gully. His head was crushed by an aluminum suitcase that flew off the rear seat on impact with the gully. The site is today on Arizona State 79, and the gully is called Tom Mix Wash. Mix appeared in 360 films between 1910 and 1935, most were westerns and all but 9 were silent. He was noted for his unique style of hat that is still referred to as a "Tom Mix Hat."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Tommixportrait.jpg/180px-Tommixportrait.jpg
Tom Mix, circa 1925

...in 2000,, members of Osama bin Laden's al Qaeda floated a rubber boat, loaded with explosives, up the side of the USS Cole in Yemen. When the smoke cleared, the Cole had a 40' x 40' hole blown in the side and seventeen sailors were dead. Al Qeada was at war with us, but we didn't know it, and didn't learn from this suicide bombing.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/USS_Cole_damage.jpg
Damage to the USS Cole from the suicide attack.

...in 2002, terrorists killed 202 people in Bali as a result of several bomb blasts. The mostly Hindu island has always been an island of tranquility and this was a surprise on many levels. A group called Jemaah Islamiah is thought to be behind the bombing, and the group is known to have ties to al Qaeda.

...in 1965, Per Borten became the Prime Minister of Norway. Borten was born in Flå in the municipality of Melhus in Sør-Trøndelag, and was educated Agriculturist from the Norwegian College of Agriculture in 1939. He started his political career serving as mayor of his home municipally, Flå, from 1945 to 1955. He was elected to the Norwegian parliament in 1949 and stayed there until his retirement in 1977. Borton was opposed to Norway joining the European Union.

http://www.adressa.no/multimedia/dynamic/00980/per_borten_980211k.jpg
Per Borten fotografert i 1979, åtte år etter at han gikk av
som statsminister. Foto: TERJE BRINGEDAL

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 42 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1845, the majority of citizens of the Republic of Texas approved a new constitution that allowed Texas to give up its independence to become the 28th state of the union. Texas had declared its independence from Mexico in 1836 with an eye towards joining the United States. The country was in great turmoil at the time, however, and as much as some wished to see the huge republic become a state, others saw it as a huge slave state and blocked statehood. In 1844, however, James K. Polk won the presidential election, one plank of his platform was statehood for Texas, and most people expected Texas to become a state after his innauguration. Lame duck President John Tyler called for Congress to allow Texas to join the union, though, and he usurped Polk by signing the statehood bill on December 29, 1845. Mexico did not want to lose its valuable former colony and threatened military action, saying Texas statehood was an act of war. Within a year, Mexico and the United States were, in fact, at war.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Mexico_1835-1846_administrative_map-en.svg/654px-Mexico_1835-1846_administrative_map-en.svg.png
The administrative map of Texas before statehood shows the various claims
and counterclaims of the states of Mexico when Texas declared its independence.
The dashed lines show terrirtory claimed by Texas and shows a familiar outline of
the State of Texas.

...in 1812, Sir Isaac Brock commanded forces of British and Indian forces defeated the American army under General Stephan Van Rensselaer at the Battle of Queenstown Heights, Ontario. More than 1,000 Americans were captured or killed, effectively ending the American invasion of Canada and preventing the United States from actually having 57 states.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Isaac_Brock_portrait_1%2C_from_The_Story_of_Isaac_ Brock_%281908%29.jpg/200px-Isaac_Brock_portrait_1%2C_from_The_Story_of_Isaac_ Brock_%281908%29.jpg
Sir Isaac Brock 1769 - 1812
Although he died at the battle of
Queenstown Heights, the battle was
still a significant British victory in the
War of 1812.

...in 1965, Congo President Joseph Kasavubu fired Prime Minister Moise Tshombe and formed a provisional government, with Evariste Kimba in a leading position.

...in 1775,the Continental Congress established an American naval force and later appointed Esek Hopkins as the first commander. His fleet consisted of seven ships, two frigates, two brigs, and three schooners. Some of the names are not too familiar, such as the Fly, Alfred and Columbus but others are familiar names of naval history, Andrea Doria, Cabot, Hornet and Wasp. Hopkins (his brother, Stephan, signed the Declaration of Independence) did not follow orders sent by Congress and wound up being blockaded in Naragansett Bay. He was removed as Commodore in 1777. The greatest naval hero of the Revolutionary War, John Paul Jones, left for France when the navy was disbanded after the Revolutionary War. The navy was officially re-established, permanantly, with the creation of the Department of the Navy in 1798.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/h85750kt.jpg
Esek Hopkins, First US Naval Commodore

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 46ac candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1912, former President Theodore Roosevelt was campaigning for a third term as the candidate for the Progressive Party, better known as the Bull Moose Party. He was about to give a campaign speech at the Gilpatrick Hotel in Milwaukee, Wisconsin when he was approached by John Schrank, a saloon keeper. Shrank pointed a .32 directly at Roosevelt's heart and fired. The bullet did penetrate Roosevelt's body, but at low velocity as its path was blocked by a glasses case and the thick manuscript of Roosevelt's speech! When asked why he shot, Shrank reportedly said, "Anyone who tries to run for a third term ought to be shot." Roosevelt, meanwhile, pulled out his bloodied script and said, "It takes more than one bullet to kill a Bull Moose!" He went on to deliver the speech with the bullet still lodged in his chest. The Republican Party was badly fractured between supporters of the incumbent President Taft and those who supported Roosevelt. When the smoke cleared, Democrat Woodrow Wilson won the election in the electoral college but only had 42% of the popular vote. (Sound familiar?)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/President_Theodore_Roosevelt%2C_1904.jpg/225px-President_Theodore_Roosevelt%2C_1904.jpg
President Theodore Roosevelt

...in 1857, Elwood Haynes was born in Portland, Indiana. A trained engineer and chemist, he built an automobile in 1894 and drove it through Kokomo on Independence Day. (The car is now on display at the Smithsonian Institution as the oldest extant American automobile.) He partnered with brothers Elmer and Edward Apperson to build Haynes-Apperson Automobiles in Kokomo, one of many brands of automobiles that were built in Indiana's pioneer automobile industry. A Hayes-Apperson was purchased by William Kjellman of Mount Horeb, Wisonsin in 1899, the first automobile sold in Wisconsin.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/haynes_apperson0201.jpg
1902 Haynes-Apperson

...in 1899, the Literary Digest proclaimed that "The ordinary 'horseless carriage'
is at present a luxury for the wealthy; and although its price will probably fall in the future, it will never, of course, come into as common use as the bicycle."

Oops.

...in 1962, high altitude photographs taken from a U-2 spyplance confirmed that Soviet mid-range and short-range stratgic missiles were being installed on the island of Cuba. Rekations between the Soviet Union and the United States had been tense since Francis Gary Powers had been captured after his U-2 was shot down over the Soviet Union at the end of the Eisenhower Administration. President John F. Kennedy had botched the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba in 1961 in an attempt to start a counter-insurgency to overthrow Fidel Castro. The discovery of the Soviet missiles in Cuba, just 90 miles from Florida, set off a chain of events that would bring the world to the brink of nuclear war as Soviet Premier Krushchev and President Kennedy played a game of chicken over the missiles. In the end, the missiles were removed from Cuba in exchange for the US pulling missiles out of Turkey. When it was over, a "hotline" was installed, a direct line from Washington to Moscow, to facillitate a more immediate form of communication between the two world leaders.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/14.jpg
October 14, 1962: U-2 photograph of a truck convoy approaching a deployment of Soviet MRBMs near Los Palacios at San Cristobal. This photograph was the first one identified by NPIC on 15 October as showing Soviet medium-range ballistic missiles in Cuba.

...in 1965, Joseph H. Engle, who would later command the space shuttle, flew the X-15 (we read about it on September 28) to a height of 50.4 miles, meaning that he had become an official astronaut, as the United States Air Force considered the altitude of 50 miles as the boundary of space. While the X-15 never achieved the altitude reached by Alan Shepherd (161 miles) there was talk of building an X-15B that would be designed, like the X-15, to be dropped from a B-52 but aimed for extended space flight. The Air Force also planned a space vehicle in the early 1960's to fly into space and return to earth, as the space shuttle did, twenty years later. Once project Mercury was announced, the X-15B and space plane programs were scrapped. Mercury capsules were launced on Redstone rockets, which were basically German V-2 rockets designed by Werner von Braun.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/x15b.jpg
The X-15B program never got off
the ground, but many of the concepts
resurfaced in the Space Shuttle program.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had XXX candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1917, Mata Hari was executed for espionage. The archetypical femme fatale spy died at the wrong end of a French firing squad at Vincennes. She told the story of being born in an Indian temple and raised by a priestess who taught her to dance and gave her the name "eye of the day" or, Mata Hari, in Malay. Actually, Magaretha Geertruida Zelle was born in Holland in 1876. Her exotic dances were very popular, mostly because she stripped to nudity. At the outbreak of World War I, her lovers included high ranking French military officers. She was tried for passing secrets to Germany about the new French secret weapon, the tank. While there is some evidence that she acted as a spy and even as a double agent, the Germans had already given up on her as an unreliable source of not very valuable information. While she was portrayed as the greatest female spy of the 20th Century, she might really just have been show biz creation with a thing for men in uniform.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Mata_Hari_2.jpg/225px-Mata_Hari_2.jpg
Mata Hari in a 1906 postcard.

...in 1966, the worst driver in history was recorded in Texas. No, not the dork in the grey SUV who cuts you off in traffic every morning. The unidentified, 75 year old male, recieved 10 traffic tickets, drove on the wrong side of the road four times committed four hit-and-run collisions and caused six accidents - all within 20 minutes.

...in 1965, WEMT (now WVII) TV channel 7 in Bangor, ME (ABC) began broadcasting.

...in 1878, the Edison Electric Company opened, driven by Thomas Edison's light bulb and funding by magnates like J.P. Morgan and members of the Vanderbilt family. Edison did not actually invent the light bulb, but invented the first commercially practical light bulb, and the Edison Electric Company electrified Manhattan in September, 1892. (The first commercial electric plant went online in the Summer of 1882 in Appleton, Wisconsin. Banker and paper company executive, Henry J. Rogers, purchased equipment from the Edison Electric Company to supply power to the paper companies and Appleton's wealthiest residents.) In 1892, through a merger with the Thomson-Houston Company, a competitor, Edison Electric became the General Electic Company. For years, Edison competed with Nickola Tesla, who was partnered with George Westinghouse. Edison believed in direct current, Tesla and Westinghouse believed in alternating current. Westinghouse electrified the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago, beating the proposal by Edison. Today, the world runs on alternating current, but a few remnants of Edison's legacy still exit. In Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, the floor of the Yerkes Observatory (http://astro.uchicago.edu/yerkes/), home of the world's largest refracting telescope, moves under the power of four 440 volt electric motors, that have operated on direct current, since the Edison Company installed them in 1897.

http://www.nps.gov/archive/edis/edisonia/graphics/15400008.jpg
The Edison Dynamo was the heart of the New York Edison Power Company
that went online in September, 1892.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 56 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1793, Marie Antoinette, of "Let them eat cake" fame, was taken to the main square in Paris for a visit with Madame Guillotine. She left the square several inches shorter.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Marie_Antoinette_Adult4.jpg/210px-Marie_Antoinette_Adult4.jpg
Marie Antoinette à la Rose is one of the
most famous portraits of Marie Antoinette,
by Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun

...in 1946, as long as we're on such a happy topic, 10 high ranking Nazis were executed, by hanging, in Nuremberg, Germany. Two weeks earlier, they had been found guilty of war crimes, crimes against humanity and crimes against peace during World War II.

...in 1965, "Drat! - The Cat!" closed at Martin Beck Theater New York City after 8 performances. It wasn't the record for worst show, but darned close. Ellen Burstyn's one-woman The Oldest Living Confederate Widow Tells All closed after opening night in 2003. On Easter Sunday 1970, a musical version of Lillies of the Field opened at the Lunt-Fontanne Theater, called Look To The Lillies. I saw one of the 25 performances before that turkey folded - and I missed 1776 to see it. Ugh.

...in 1948, Hudson introduced the new Hornet, using a radical new design technique that merged the body with the chassis, the basis of all modern automobile design. The car was built with a 308 c.i. flat head six that propelled the Hornet into a three year run as the king of stock car racing. The lower center of gravity allowed the Hornet to glide around corners and leave the competitors in the dust. The amazing run of the Hornet in stock car racing was imortalized in the Disney-Pixar animated feature Cars with the late Paul Newman, a racing enthusiast and accomplished driver himself, providing the voice of the Hudson Hornet.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Hudson_Hornet_4-door_burgundy.JPG/800px-Hudson_Hornet_4-door_burgundy.JPG
The Fabulous Hudson Hornet

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 30 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1931, after all the heartburn and battles with Eliot Ness and The Untouchables, the career of gangster, bootlegger and leader of Chicago's underworld, Al Capone, came to an end. Of all the crimes that Al Capone was known for and alleged to have committed, he was convicted of income tax evasion. Capone was one of the most notorious convicts in the Federal system and served a stretch at Alcatraz. He was paroled in 1939, but neurosyphilis already had him disoriented and confused. He died in 1947, as a result of the social disease he aquired in one of his own brothels.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/AlCaponemugshotCPD.jpg/250px-AlCaponemugshotCPD.jpg
Alphonse Gabriel Capone (1899 -1947)

...in 1835, the government of Texas passed a resolution creating the Texas Rangers, armed and mounted to "range and guard the frontier between the Brazos and Trinity Rivers." During the revolution with Mexico, leaders felt they needed a force to protect the citizens spread out all over the huge territory. After the revolution ended, it was decided to keep the Rangers in operation. It was always a loose-knit organization, and in 1930, the state reined in the Rangers and made it into a a modern law enforcement unit, unique in the United States.

http://www.texasranger.org/history/images/Badge8.jpg

...in 1973, in reaction to support of Israel during the Yom Kippur War, the Arab-dominated cartel, OPEC, cut off supply of oil to the allies of Israel. Overnight, gasoline prices quadrupled and the embargo impacted the financial world for the rest of the decade. Prior to 1970, OPEC had little clout. After 1970, domestic oil production was cut and the United States began to rely more and more on OPEC nations for oil. In 1973, OPEC demonstrated how much control it had over the world market - which it still holds today.

...in 1965, the New York World's Fair closed after a two year run with over 51 million people in attendance.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e9/1965_new_york_world_fair.jpg/300px-1965_new_york_world_fair.jpg
The "Unisphere" was the signature
of the New York World's Fair.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 55 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...1767, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon completed a four year project that was designed to end a bloody border dispute between the colonies of Pennsylvania and Maryland. Using astronomical and precision surveying instruments, they set out to define the boundary between the two colonies, also between Delaware and Maryland. The line was set from a point 15 miles south of Philadelphia and heading west to a point that, today, is between Pennsylvania and West Virginia. Every mile along the line. Mason and Dixon placed large stones, in the shape of an obelisk, with a P engraved on one side and an M on the other. Every fifth stone also bore the coats of arms of the two colonies. 240 years later, many of the stones are missing, but many are still there. Modern surveyors, using GPS with their tools, confirm that Mason and Dixon were quite accurate in some places off by as little as one inch, although they were off by as much as 800 feet in other places. The Mason-Dixon Line is the traditional dividing line between slave and free states, or between southern and northern states. Today, it's mostly the boundary between "Y'all" and "Youse guys."

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Mason-Dixon.jpg
The Original Mason-Dixon Line

...in 1867, the United States took possession of the Alaska Territory from Russia for the princely sum of $7.2 Million. The purchase included 586,412 square miles, twice the size of Texas, and worked out to less than 2¢ per acre. Even so, President Andrew Johnson and Secretary of State William Henry Seward were roundly riddiculed for the purchase, which became known as "Seward's Folly" or "Johnson's Polar Bear Park" and other more colorful names. Russia was strapped for cash to fund a war, and offered the land to the United States through Great Britain in March of 1867. The purchase was widely regarded as stupid - until gold was discovered in the Klondike River in 1896. Today, a huge oil reserve lays untapped in Alaska, while other oilfields are producing large quantities of oil that flow through a pipeline built in the 1970's. "Alaska Day" is celebrated every October 18.

...in 1954, Texas Instruments, jointly with radio builder Regency, introduced the first mass-produced transistor radio. Exactly who built the first transistor radio is often disputed. Several manufacturers demonstrated transistor-based radios as early as 1952, but none ever went beyond the prototype stage. The Regency TR-1 sold for $49.95 which was quite pricey - it's about $375 in today's dollars. Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo, Ltd. introduced the TR-55 transistor radio in 1955 under the brand name, Sony, and renamed the company some years later. Transistor radios were a majoy breakthrough, as the transistors replaced the old, clunky, expensive and power-intensive vacuum tubes for amplifier circuits. While transistor radios were limited to the AM band, it made little difference in the 1950's and 1960's because that was where the bulk of the radio broadcast market existed. Today, the term is archaic as many transistors are packed on integreated circuits (chips) and offer far more than AM band reception. But in 1954, it was breakthrough technology.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Regency_transistor_radio.jpg/180px-Regency_transistor_radio.jpg
Regency TR-1

...in 1977, Reggie Jackson, "Mr. October" hit three home runs in the sixth game of the World Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers. The last man to perform the feat was Babe Ruth, who did it twice, during the World Series in 1916 and 1928. The difference? Mr. October hit his trhee home runs in three consecutive at bats, off three different pitchers and in three consecutive pitches! Love him or hate him, Reggie's feat was an incredible achievement.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Reggie.JPG/200px-Reggie.JPG
Reggie Jackson was inducted into
baseball's Hall of Fame in 1993

...in 1931, Thomas Alva Edison passed away in West Orange, New Jersey, aged 84. Edison was born in Milan, Ohio but didn't do well in school. He was a dreamer and paid little attention to things like teachers and lessons. His teacher told Mrs. Edison that her boy's brain was addled, and that he would never amount to anything. His formal education ended at third grade, but his mother recognized that he was special and home schooled him. At the age of 16, he schooled himself in telegraphy and while making a living as a telegraph operator, he developed a device that could transmit four separate telegraph messages on one wire and with the sale of the quadruplex telegraph to Western Union, he was able to fund a laboratory in Menlo Park. He also invented the stock ticker that revolutionized Wall Street and sports broadcasting. (Ronald Reagan began his career recreating baseball and football games that he read on an Edison ticker.) Edison created a movie camera and projector and started the movie industry. He invented the phonograph while trying to develop a device to record telephone calls, perhaps, an answering machine? The prolific inventor is best remembered for developing the commercially viable light bulb and for founding the company that would become General Electric. Edison held 1,093 patents in his own name.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/lBSRPHz7a4T9.jpg
Thomas Edison, The Wizard of Menlo Park

...in 1965, The Indonesian government outlawed the Communist Party.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 66 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1781, Lord General Cornwallis and an army of 8,000 soldiers were surrounded at Yorktown, Virginia by a superior force of French and American forces. With no chance of reinforcement, and running low on supplies, Cornwallis surrendered. Cornwallis was not a bad general, in fact, he was one of the more capable British leaders, having defeated Washington in New Jerey and General Gates in South Carolina. It seems unlikely he would have retreated to a peninsula where he could be trapped. Cornwallis was awaiting the British fleet for reinforcement. Unknown to Cornwallis, the British fleet was intercepted by the French fleet under Admiral Count de Grasse. The French defeated the British fleet at the Battle of Virginia Capes on September 5, leaving Cornwallis cut off from help. After the surrender on October 19, the Revolutionary war was essentially over, although there were several skirmishes. During the surrender ceremony, the British band played a tune called The World Turned Upside Down. Peace talks began in 1782 and the Treaty of Paris was signed on September 3, 1783, officially recognizing the United States of America.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Surrender_of_Lord_Cornwallis.jpg/300px-Surrender_of_Lord_Cornwallis.jpg
The Surrender of Lord Cornwallis

...in 1960, the trade embargo against Cuba went into effect. The US was fighting with the Soviet Union for Cold War superiority, and the Kennedy Administration wanted to topple the Castro regime. The trade embargo, still in effect, did not have the desired effect though. In 1963, the fight for Cuba escalated with the missile crisis. The embargo works both ways, though, as Americans can no longer purchase Cuban cigars - legally, anyway.

...in 1864, the northernmost battle of the Civil War was fought. A group of Confederate soldiers infiltrated St. Albans, Vermont from Canada, arriving in pairs or groups of three or four. One day, the assembled, took off long coats to reveal Confederate uniforms and declared the town was under the control of the Confederate States of America. They robbed banks, forced the tellers to swear allegiance to the CSA, then set the town on fire as they retreated to Canada. The townsfolk were obliged to fight the fire rather than chase the troops. They were chased back to Canada, which created friction between Great Britain and the Union. When the British paid back the banks and made reparations, the situation was smoothed over.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b5/Stalbansraid.JPG
Confederate soldiers forcing bank tellers
to swear allegiance to the CSA.

...in 1958, the first Post-World War II World's Fair closed in Brussels. Over 42 million people attended the Brussels Universal and International Exhibition with the slogan, "A World View, A New Humanism." The United States saw it as an opportunity to skewer Communism and go head-to-head with the Soviet Union's propaganda machinery. The two countries put on displays of the idealistic life in each country, emphasized by the adversaries being located right across from one another. The Soviets displayed technology and showed a model of Sputnik while the US showed voting booths, the latest fashions and rooms full of labor-saving appliances. The ulitmate irony was that Czechoslovakia won the award for best exhibit.

...in 1987, "Black Monday" sent the Dow into a spiral of panic selling in a 508 point freefall. (Sound familiar?) Analysts were working over time to find someone or something to blame. Along with rounding up the usual suspects (inflation, interest rates, blah blah blah) There were concerns over US warships destroying two Iranian oil platforms in the Persian Gulf, but ultimately, the blame was placed on computerized trading systems that had triggers in place to sell sell sell when certain levels were reached. Safeguards were put into place to prevent computerized sell-offs, including stopping trade if the market plummets too far. Last week, those levels were almost reached and trading was almost halted - almost - the levels were not reached. As badly as people took hits in 1987, within a year, the market came storming back and all losses were recovered - for those who were brave enough to stay in.

...in 1965, Tygert Bruton Pennington was born. Today, Ty Pennington is known as the parapatetic host of Extreme Makeover: Home Edition and as a tool pitchman for a certain big box store chain. Would you be surprised to learn that Pennington was an unruly child, who used to strip naked in school and swing from the blinds? He is also a spokesman today for the ADHD Experts on Call and controls his disorder with Vyvane...hey, look at that cool power drill/driver!

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Ty_Pennington.jpg/220px-Ty_Pennington.jpg
Driver, move that bus!

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 62 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1947, the House Un-American Activities Committee convened. The "Cold War" was heating up during the post WWII era, and the "Red Scare" was terrifying Americans. It was believed that communists, or "Reds" were finding their way into American life to begin subversive activites and some believed that communists had even infiltrated the US Government. The HUAC called on many Hollywood types and grilled all with the question, "Are you now or have you ever been a member of the Communist Party?" Many resisted and refused to answer. They, along with many others, were blacklisted and prevented from working in Hollywood. Notable names included Aaron Copland, Dashiell Hammett, Lillian Hellman, Arthru Miller and Orson Welles. Many continued to work under psuedonyms or subimitted work under friends' names. After the death of Joseph McCarthy, the most ruthless of the HUAC, the blacklist was slowly erased. Writing credits on more than 20 films were changed to give proper credit to blacklisted writers.

...in 1973, the world famous Sydney Opera House opened with a dedication by Queen Elizabeth II. The $80 million landmark was designed by JØrn Utzon of Denmark and took 15 years to build. It is the icon that identifies Sydney, New South Wales to the world.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Sydney_opera_house_side_view.jpg/800px-Sydney_opera_house_side_view.jpg
Sydney Opera House, designed by JØrn Utzon.
Photo by Matthew Field, used with permission

...in 1882, Be'la Ferenc Dezso Blasko was born in Lugos, Austira-Hugary, now Lugoj, Romania. (The city is near a border with Transylvania.) He became an accomplished actor with the National Theater of Budapest, then immigrated to the US in 1921, where he took the name Bela Lugosi. His heavy accent landed him the role of Dracula on Broadway in a play of the same name. In 1931, he played the same role in the film version of Dracula and was forever typecast. Lugosi died in 1956 after one day of fliming Plan Nine From Outer Space for Ed Wood, arguably the worst movie ever made. Leonard Maltin once said, "Bela Lugosi died in production, and it shows." Wood used his wife's chiropractor as Lugosi's double for the film, a man who looked nothing like Lugosi.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Bela_Lugosi_01.jpg/180px-Bela_Lugosi_01.jpg[/i]
Bela Lugosi, ca. 1920

...in 1962, while President John F. Kennedy was in Seattle to attend the Century 21 World's Fair, it was necessary that he return to Washington to discuss plans of how to react to the Soviets building nuclear missile sites in Cuba. The press corps was told he had contracted an upper respiratory infection and was returning to Washington to rest. In fact, he was meeting with advisors, including Attorney General Robert Kennedy, to decide whether to negotiate with the Soviets, bomb the missile sites or blockade the island of Cuba. He opted to set up a blockade, keeping the bombing of the island as a trump card. Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev and President Kennedy proceeded to play a series game of chicken, nuclear one-upmanship, and brought the world to the edge of destruction. The one to blink first would lose. The blockade began on October 21 and the next six days were very tense. The two leaders communicated by courier, telegram and, most unusually, in newspapers.

http://cubanmissilecrisis.info/imgs/washington-post-blockade.gif

...in 1975, humanitarianism and economics overcomes Cold War politics as the United States agrees to sell badly needed wheat to the Soviet Union. The sale was repeated, quietly, for several years.

...in 1965, the Beatles received a gold record for Yesterday which was on the American charts for an incredible eleven weeks, four of them at number one. The Guiness Book of World Records says that Yesterday is the most covered song ever, with over 3,000 versions of it by such artists as Joan Baez, Liberace, Frank Sinatra, Elvis Presley, Plácido Domingo, Boyz II Men and even Daffy Duck. In England, a BBC poll in 1999 voted Yesterday the best song of the 20th Century.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e5/Beatles-singles-yesterday.jpg/200px-Beatles-singles-yesterday.jpg

[i]That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 39 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1797, the USS Constitution was launched in Boston Harbor. The 44 gun frigate was built to fight the Barbary pirates. ("...to the shores of Tripoli," as the Marines Hymn says.) In the War of 1812, witnesses said British cannonballs bounced off the side of the ship, earning the lasting name of Old Ironsides. She was retired from duty in 1855, but remained commissioned as a training vessel, and today is the oldest commissioned warship in the US Navy, if not in the world.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/USS_Constitution_1997.jpg/300px-USS_Constitution_1997.jpg
USS Constitution, "Old Ironsides" Massachusetts Bay, July 1997

...in 1959, an executive order was signed by President Dwight Eisenhower that transferred Wehrner von Braun from the Army to the newly formed National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Von Braun grew up in Germany and became interested in rocketry and space travel as a teenager. While studying physics, he also toyed with rockets and caught the eye of the German military. Eventually, they had von Braun lead a military rocket unit where he developed the A-4 rocket, capable of hitting targets more than 200 miles away. The A04 was renamed the V-2, the V for the German word that meant "vengence." The rockets were dropped on London and caused much damage but the rockets came too late in the war to make a difference. Von Braun and his team fled the advancing Russian army in order to surrender to the US Army along with train cars full of rocket parts. After performing research at Fort Bliss in Texas, the team moved to the Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama, where the Redstone rocket was developed for the American space program. NASA built the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center on the arsenal, right around von Braun's office. (Which is now on display at the NASA museum in Huntsville.) Von Braun's giant Saturn V rockets took 27 Americans to the moon, 12 who walked on the surface.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wernher_von_Braun.jpg/250px-Wernher_von_Braun.jpg
Dr. Wehrner von Braun (1912-1977) in his
Marshall Space Flight Center Office, Huntsville, Alabama.
Behind him is an array of models of rockets designed by
Dr. von Braun and his staff in Alabama.

...in 1956, a popular Hollywood couple gave birth to a girl who would grow up to be a princess. Actress Debbie Reynolds and singer Eddie Fisher named the girl Carrie. She would grow up to play a jilted lover with revenge on her mind in The Blues Brothers but would find her signature role in the Star Wars franchise as Princess Leia. Carrie Fisher also wrote two books, Postcards from the Edge and Surrender the Pink.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8b/Princess_leia_film.jpg/140px-Princess_leia_film.jpg
Carrie Fisher as Princess Leia Organa
in Star Wars: A New Hope with
the signature "Cinnamon Bun" hairstyle.

...in 1897, the University of Chicago dedicated the Yerkes Observatory, which would become the seat of modern astrophysics. It all began in 1892, when the new Professor of Astrophysics at the University of Chicago, George Ellery Hale, heard of two perfect, 42 inch "blanks" of glass while on vacation. The blanks were made to be ground into lenses for the largest refracting telecope in the world, if a suitable observatory could be found for such a telescope. The blanks were ordered for an observatory to be built for USC but the funding disappeared. Hale hurried back to Chicago to set the wheels in motion to aquire the blanks. The blanks were aquired, the telescope was built and displayed at the Columbian Exposition, ahown below, in Chicago in 1893. (The same one where Pabst won it's famous blue ribbon.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Yerkes/1893-scope.jpg

A site was chosen on the shores of Geneva Lake in Williams Bay, Wisconsin. Charles T. Yerkes, a railroad tycoon from Chicago (he built the El system and finished "The Tube" in London) donated the money to build an observatory to house the massive telescope. (The dome rides on trolley wheels.) Yerkes hired Henry Ives Cobb to design the building. It took four years to build the massive facility which, at the time, was way out in the boonies. Today, it is surrounded by growth and development, all sources of light pollution, but the 111 year old observatory continues to lead in research and development.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Yerkes/40inchtour.jpg
In 1893, the telescope was,
and today remains, the largest
refracting telescope in the world.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Yerkes/aerial1.gif
You can read more about this fascinating facility at the Yerkes Observatory (http://astro.uchicago.edu/yerkes/) website.

...in 1965, chemist Robert Burns Woodward was awarded the Nobel Prize for chemistry. I tired to do some research in order to better describe exactly why he was awarded the prize. After reading quite a bit, I don't really know much more than I did before I started to read about him.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Woodwardcis-hydroxylation.jpg
Oh, admit it. You don't, either.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 48 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1962, in a televised address from the Oval Office, President John F. Kennedy announced that the Soviet Union had placed nuclear missiles in Cuba and that, in response, the United States Navy had established a blockade of the island nation. President Kennedy called the missile placement "clandestine, reckless, and provocative threat to world peace." He called the quarrantine would enforce a "strict quarantine on all offensive military equipment under shipment to Cuba." The world was now poised for nuclear war as President Kennedy and Premier Nikita Khruschev played a game of chicken with nuclear warheads.

...in 1936, the first tests of what would become the most popular car since the Model T Ford underwent testing. In 1934, Ferdinand Porsche had proposed a simple and reliable automobile to the German Reich, a car that would also be affordable. The Nazi propaganda machine immediately cranked into high gear for the idea, even naming it the People's Car, or Volkswagen. By 1938, the the first car to represent the final form was unveiled, the 38-Series that the New York Times called "The Beetle." The Reich renamed the car the KdF Wagen, "Kraft durch Freude" or "Strength through Joy." Porsche was not pleased as he was not a member of the Nazi Party nor did he support Hitler. Although production went on hold as the Porsche factories went into production of war materiél, (including "Volkswagen" based staff cars) after the war, the Allies approved restarting production of the Beetle, and by the mid 1950's, the sale of "Beetles" had taken off. In the 1960's, the Volkswagen became the unofficial symbol of the counter-culture, decorated with flowers, racing stripes and what have you. The Beetle evolved, mostly unchanged except for refinements, until 1971 when the Super Beetle was introduced. The Super Beetle was larger to accomodate mandated safety designs that resulted in a better car. By that time, Japanese auto design had progressed and the Beetle faced stiff competition. The last Beetle, Number 21,529,464, was produced in Mexico on July 30, 2003. The 65 years after its introduction and a 58 year manufacturing run is unequaled. (By compairson, Ford's Model T reached 15,000,000 cars in 18 years before there was a large automobile market. In fact, the Model T made the automobile market. Model T production averaged 833,000 cars per year while Volkswagen production averaged 384,454 per year. Which was really the People's Car? You decide.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Volkswagen_Type_1_black_1938.jpg/120px-Volkswagen_Type_1_black_1938.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Volkswagen_Bubbla_sista_bilen.jpg/180px-Volkswagen_Bubbla_sista_bilen.jpg
The First 1938 Volkswagon and the Last 2003 Volkwagen

You can learn more about this fascinating vehicle at a website called led (http://people.westminstercollege.edu/staff/bknorr/html/history.htm).

...in 1987, an automotive first was accomplished - who ever thought there could be an automobile first almost 100 years after the industry started? Canadian Garry Sowerby and American Tim Cahill completed the first Trans-America's drive from Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina to Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. They drove a specially built GMC 4x4 pickup truck from the southern end of the western world to the northern tip of the western world in 23 days, 22 hours and 43 minutes. (Similar trips have been completed several times before Sowerby and Cahill made the run, but not as far and certainly not as fast.)

...in 1883, the first Metropolitan Opera House, at 1423 Broadway (between 39th and 40th) in New York was dedicated with a performance of Gounod's Faust. The cast included the household names Christine Nilsson, Italo Campanini, Giuseppe Del Puente, and Franco Novara, and was conducted by Auguste Vianesi. It closed on April 16, 1966 with a performance of Puccini’s La Bohème when the Met moved to the Lincoln Center.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Metropolitan_opera_1937.jpg/800px-Metropolitan_opera_1937.jpg
The auditorium of the old opera house.

...in 1934, the FBI cornered Charles "Pretty Boy" Floyd in a cornfield in East Liverpool, Ohio, administering the shots that would kill him. With his dying breath, he denied taking part in an ambush at Kansas City's Union Station on June 17, 1933, known as the Kansas City Massacre. The ambush was an attempt to spring Frank Nash, on his way to Levenworth Prison, being escorted by Federal officials. Four law officers died in the attack. To this day no one knows if Floyd was a part of the ambush or not. Noted FBI agent, Melvin Purvis, was on hand for the capture of Floyd, who died about 15 minutes after being wounded in a shoot-out in Clarkston, near East Liverpool.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/PrettyBoyFloyd01.jpg
Charles "Pretty Boy" Floyd.

...in 1914, a black date in American history. The Revenue Act was signed, mandating the first income tax and it's been downhill ever since.

...in 1965, the Second Kashmir War between India and Pakistan came to an end. Contrary to popular opinion, the war was not fought over Kashmir sweaters and coats. Oh, stop complaining.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 73 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 42 B.C., Marcus Junius Brutus commited suicide after a second defeat at Philippi during a civil war. Brutus was one of the conspirators in the assassination of Julius Caesar, made famous in the play by William Shakespeare. Even people who known nothing of ancient history or have never read Shakespeare know the line, "Et, tu, Brute?" Little known history of the Roman Republic was the range of civil war that errupted after the assassination of Caesar. After several years of civil war, in -27 (27 BC) the Republic was lost forever as the ascension of Augustus Caesar as the first emperor of Rome.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Portrait_Brutus_Massimo.jpg/140px-Portrait_Brutus_Massimo.jpg
Marcus Junius Brutus

...in 1983, a truck packed with explosives was driven by a suicide bomber into the US Marines barracks in Beirut Lebanon, killing 241 military personel, while a similar attack killed 58 French soliders about two miles away. While the bombers were never determined, they were suspected to be Shiite terorists affiliated with Iran.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Beirutbarr.jpg/250px-Beirutbarr.jpg

...in 1975, the House Ways and Means Committee Chairman Al Ullman (D-Oregon) proposed and economic plan featuring a $12.7 million tax cut, aimed at middle class Americans. Although the plan was embraced by both parties, partisan arguing bogged down the progress of the bill. President Gerald Ford wanted to affix spending cuts to the bill, but the House Democrats fought the spending cuts. They launched a media blitz with dire warnings of what would happen if the spending cuts were made, and the tactic worked. A tax cut, without spending cuts, was passed by the committee. There jut ain't nuthin' new, is there?

...in 1971, Wally World opened in Orlando, Florida, just 16 years after the Magic Kingdom opened in Anaheim, California. The park also included Walt Disney's dream of a planned community called the Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow, or EPCOT. A real community, Celebration, Florida, was built in 1996.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Cindyrella%27s_Castle_%40_Magic_Kingdom.jpg/180px-Cindyrella%27s_Castle_%40_Magic_Kingdom.jpg
Cinderella's Castle is the iconic figure
of the Magic Kingdom.

...in 1965, Alfred Matthew "Weird Al" Yankovic was born in California. The musician, satirist, parody artist and all around funny guy broke into show business with a parody of My Sharona by The Knack that he called My Balogna. It got airplay from Dr. Dimento, and the rest is history. Weird Al does play the accordian but he is not related to the late Frankie Yankovic.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/56/Weirdalclassic.jpg/180px-Weirdalclassic.jpg
Weird Al, as most people think
of him, before eye surgery.

...in 1954, WSAU-TV began broadcasting from the Plumer Mansion, a Victorian house in Wausau, Wisconsin, affectionately known as "The Mansion." A suit of armor was on display in "The Mansion" so the graphic artist, Sid Kyler, creted a medieval 7 and a knight, Sir Seven. The logo served for decades, even after the call letters were changed. The transmitter and tower was (and still is) atop Rib Mountain, the second highest point in Wisconsin. WSAU was the only television station in northern Wisconsin when it went on the air, and it was affiliated with all four networks, CBS, ABC, NBC and DuMont. DuMont would top broadcasting in 1956. In 1965, a second station, WAOW went on the air in Wausau as the ABC affiliate, followed by a Rhinelander station in 1966 that took the NBC affiliation. In the 1950's, a company in Rhinelander put up a tall receiver and offered a cable feed that provided Rhinelander residents with reception from Green Bay and Minneapolis, years before the concept of television by satellite even existed. In 1981, the owners of WSAU sold their interest in radio stations with the same call letters, and changed the television call sign to WSAW. The only real significance to this story is that the same story repeated intself all across the country as small television markets came online. Television broadcasting expanded from major metropolitan areas to the smallest markets in a matter of about 15 years.

http://www.freewebs.com/wistvhistory/0010.jpg
Sir Seven appeared on all the
station cards, including at sign-off
each knigh...er...night.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 73 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1901, Annie Edson Taylor became the first of a long line of daredevils to go over Niagra Falls in a barrel. October 24 was her birthday - she claimed to be in her 40s but was really 63 - and that seemed like a good day for it. She strapped herself into a leather harness inside and old pickle barrel and over she went. After 20 minutes, she washed up on shore of the Niagra River, a little shook up but in good health. She never really attained the fame and fortune she was looking for, but became an answer to a trivia question that never gets asked. Oh, before you set off for Niagra Falls, be advised that going over the Falls is illegal, if not fatal.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Queen-of-the-Mist.jpg/450px-Queen-of-the-Mist.jpg
Annie Edson Taylor, her cat and her barrel.

...in 1930, the first feature film starring Marion Michael Morrison, The Big Trail opened. It was a flop, and he was relagated to second rate roles for another ten years. He was born in Winterset, Iowa on May 26, 1907 but his family moved to California when he was four. He never went anywhere without his Airedale Terrier named, "Duke" and soon people were calling him "Little Duke." He liked "Duke" better than "Marion" as a name (who wouldn't?) and it stuck with him forever. He got a job as a prop man with Fox, as a favor from Tom Mix (See October 12 update) in exhange for USC football tickets. He appeared in some bit parts and Fox soon wanted to put him in more movies. They changed his name, without him knowing it, to John Wayne and the rest is pretty much history.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/John_Wayne_in_Wake_of_the_Red_Witch_trailer.jpg
John Wayne in Wake of the Red Witch,
one of his worst movies.

...in 1861, the first transcontinental telegraph line was completed and the first message was sent - a telegram from California Chief Justice Stephan J. Field to President Lincoln. Congress offered a subsidy to any company that could link the coasts. Western Union took up the challenge, and on this date in 1861, made the connection in Salt Lake City, Utah. Building the line was a logistical challenge with cable and insulators being shipped to California by sea and telegraph poles being shipped to the plains where they became known as Nebraska Trees. (Or Wyoming or Kansas or Utah trees.) Native Americans also posed a problem, one party of Sioux cut out a section of wire and used it to make jewelry. When members of the party became sick, a medicine man convinced them it was the great spirit of the talking wire taking retribution - and from then on, they left the lines alone. The wires connected the coasts eight years before transcontinental rails did, and two days before the Pony Express ceased operation.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4b/TCTelegraph.jpg
Harper's Weekly ran this woodcut of a Pony Express rider waving to
the line workers. The telegraph put the Pony Express out of business
just eighteen months after it made it's first run.

...in 1951, the war with Germany finally ended. Huh? You thought the war was over in 1945? A treaty with Germany had never been signed after hositilities ceased, part of it was an ongoing dispute between the winning allies including the division of Berlin, the division of Germany, and what type of government would be set up. Pay attention - those who do not understand history are doomed to repeat it. It took 10 years and two months after war was declared to declare peace - and American troops are still stationed in Germany, fifty seven years after the treaty was signed. Wars do not necessarily end when someone says they end. (The treaty with Japan, ending the war with Japan, was signed on September 8, 1951.)

...in 1945, the United Nations was officially chartered by the five permanent members of the Security Council. The previous attempt, the League of Nations, was a dismal failure in preventing World War II but the seeds for the UN were planted in 1941 when President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill signed the Atlantic Charter.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/The_United_Nations_Building.jpg/450px-The_United_Nations_Building.jpg

...in 1965, a choral work entitled Voices for Today by Benjamin Britten premiered, simultaneously in Royal Festival Hall, London; Maison de l'ORTF, Paris and the UN General Assembly Hall in New York. The work for a chorus of men, women and children with organ accompaniment was commissioned for the 20th Anniversary of the UN.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 65 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1965, the Rolling Stones released Get Off Of My Cloud.

...in 1929, the Secretary of State in the Harding Administration, Albert B. Fall, became the, well, fall guy for accepting a bribe while serving in office, the first individual to be convicted of such a crime. The Harding administration was riddled with corruption, and Fall accepted a $100,000 interest free "loan" from Edward Doheny of the Pan-American Petroleum and Transport Company. He wanted Fall to grant him an oil lease from the naval reserve in California. Both the Elk Hills Naval reserve and the Teapot Dome naval reserve in Wyoming had been transferred to the control of the Department of the Interior, Fall may have recognized an opportunity to personally benefit by leasing the reserves to private industry. In October of 1923, a Senate investigation revealed the $100,000 bribe but also a $300,000 in bonds from Harry Sinclair, president of Mamoth Oil, for access to the Teapot Dome. In 1927, the reserves were returned to the control of the government and in 1927, Fall was convicted of the scandal.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Albert_B._Fall.jpg/225px-Albert_B._Fall.jpg
Albert Bacon Fall (1861-1944)

...in 1854, during the Crimean War, British Lord James Cardigan lead a charge of the Light Brigade Cavalry against the Russians. During the Battle of Balacava, Cardigan received the order to attack. The brigade charged down the hill and was cut down by Russian artillery, suffering over 40% casulties. When it was over, of the 600 members of the cavalry, 156 were dead and 122 were wounded. It turns out to have been a blunder with orders unclear and from bad intelligence. The brigade was, and still is, revered as British heroes. Alfred, Lord Tennyson wrote a poem, paintings were done, and three movies were made. The first was by Thomas Edison in 1912, shot in Wyoming and using US Cavalry troops as the Light Brigade.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/CatonWoodvilleLightBrigade.jpeg
Canton Woodville's Charge Of The Light Brigade, 1855.

Alfred, Lord Tennyson's The Charge Of The Light Brigade (http://www.nationalcenter.org/ChargeoftheLightBrigade.html).

...in 1902, the first great combination of manufacturer and race driver was forged when famed bicyle racer, Barney Oldfield, teamed up to drive Henry Ford's 999 race car. On October 25, the team entered the Manufacturer's Challenge Cup in Grosse Point. It was the first of many great races for Oldfield, who soundly beat all competitors in the race, including Alexander Winton. Winton would later hire Oldfield to drive his cars in races. Oldfield was the first person to drive an automobile over 60 miles per hour, leading the popular phrase, "Who do you think you are, Barney Oldfield?"

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/BarneyOldfieldHenryFord.jpg
Barney Oldfield in the Ford 999, that's Henry Ford standing beside his race car and driver.

...in 1964, Jim Marshall of the Minnesota Vikings scooped up a
fumble and ran 66 yards to the end zone - the wrong way - for a safety
that gave the San Francisco 49'ers 2 points.

http://cdn.bleacherreport.com/images_root/image_pictures/0366/9512/1_feature.jpg
Jim Marshall had a spectacular career
with the Vikings, including a 282
consecutive game streak and he is
one of the all-time leaders in
career sacks and fumble recoveries.
Guess what he is remembered for?

See the famous run here on YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1IBkQoXNvbA&watch_response).

See Jim Marshall having some fun with it on I've Got A Secret (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c3T4GZfPIAs) with Steve Allen.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 35 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1881, the infamous showdown in Tombstone, Arizona took place behind a commercial venture known as the OK Corral. The two sides in the shootout included Wyatt Earp and the Earp brothers, and Wyatt's friend, Doc Holliday and on the other side were the forces of the McLaury and Clanton families. The families were successful ranchers in the Tombstone area, employing many men who were loosely known as "Cowboys." The Cowboys were a rough and tumble group, involved in rustling and petty crimes in the area but never within Tombstone itself. It was not an organized group and contrary to Hollywood versions, no one received orders from anyone. It was just a group of friends and associates who supported one another. They spent freely in town, and the business owners liked the Cowboys as they spent a lot of cash in town. Wyatt Earp was a bank guard, his brother Virgil was the town's marshal. Morgan Earp and Doc Holliday supported the law-and-order attitude of Wyatt and Virgil. Tensions between the two factions were building, some of it politics, some of it over upholding the law, and some of it personal. When it came down to the shootout, it lasted all of 30 seconds with over 30 shots fired. When it was over, Tom and Frank McLaury were dead, as was 19 year old Billy Clanton. Sheriff Johnny Behan charged the Earps and Holliday with murder, but they were cleared in a hearing later on. Doc Holliday was already notorious, but the gunfight made Wyatt Earp's reputation. He lived in California, invested in mines at a place called Earp, California and lived in Hollywood until his death in 1929. Virgil was ambushed in Tombstone and shot, losing the use of his left arm. Morgan was ambushed in Tombstone and was murdered. Holliday died of TB in Colorado. The gunfight was not the longest, shortest, deadliest or largest gunfight in the old west, but it has become the most famous.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Gunfight_at_the_OK_Corral.jpg/800px-Gunfight_at_the_OK_Corral.jpg (http://www.ok-corral.com/)
The gunfight is re-enacted every day in Tombstone. Click on the photo to see the website of the Tombstone Epitaph and the re-enactment. (Photo © by James G. Howes, 2008. Used with permission.)

...in 1942, the US Navy lost the last aircraft carrier built before the start of World War II. The CV-8 USS Hornet was so badly damaged by Japanese aircraft in the Battle of Santa Cruz that the captain ordered the abandonment. It was during the battle for Guadalcanal, the first offensive action in the American strategy to island-hop to the Japanese home islands that the navy saw heavy action. Near the Santa Cruz islands, the smaller American fleet had to take on two Japanese fleets, on their way to Guadalcanal with supplies and reinforcements. The battle was fought exclusively by carrier based aircraft, none of the combatants were withing gun range of one another. The battleship South Dakota and the carriers Enterprise and Hornet took such extensive blasts that even two Japanese aircraft were damaged by the explosions. While the carrier Hornet[/i[ was lost, the Japanese suffered immense losses of aircraft (more than 100 planes including 25 of the 27 bombers that set out from Japanese carriers) but more importantly, the fleet did not get to Guadalcanal, paving the way for an important American victory. (The replacement CV-10 USS Hornet was launched in 1943 saw lots of action against the Japanese without suffering any damage until June, 1945, when it was damaged by a typhoon.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ad/USS_Hornet_at_Santa_Cruz-600px.jpg
The USS Hornet under attack in the Battle of Santa Cruz. The Hornet launched Colonel Jimmy Doolittle's Raid on Tokyo in April of 1942.

...in 1977, the last case of smallpox was reported. The World Health Organization considers this date as the anniversary of the eradication of smallpox, the most significant victory in the history of vaccination.

...in 1986, a routine ground ball dribbled between the legs of Boston Red Sox first baseman Bill Buckner's legs and went down the first base line, allowing the NY Mets to score and win the extra innings game. Even though the score was tied, Buckner, to this day, is blamed for losing the World Series by frustrated Red Sox fans. Boston had not been able to win a World Series since owner Harry Frasee sold the rights of Babe Ruth to the NY Yankees in 1920. Boston fans called it the Curse of the Bambino and in 1986, Buckner's error was used as proof. The fans were so ruthless that Buckner was forced to move his family to Idaho. The Red Sox finally broke the curse by winning the World Series in 2004 and again in 2007. (On this day in 1987, the Minnesota Twins would win their very first World Series by defeating the St. Louis Cardinals.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d1/Billbuckner.jpg
Oops.

...in 2001, in the wake of the attacks of September 11, 2001, President George W. Bush signed the USA PATRIOT Act into law. It is an acronym for "Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism." It is hailed by many as an effective tool in monitoring and stopping terrorist activity and reviled by others as an attack on civil liberties. The main attacks come from the American Civil Liberties Union, which alone gives others reason to support it. Either way, it was renewed in 2006 and while controversial, remains an important tool in the fight against terrorism.

UPDATE: A planned terrorist attack on the New York Subway system was thwarted by the arrest of Najibullah Zazi (http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/2009/09/19/2009-09-19_zazi_cuffed_after_qaeda_canary_sings_li_secret_ code_used_to_inform_plotters_li.html) and his father on September 19, 2009. Zazi had researched stadiums, other public venues and the subway system before aquiring chemicals to make explosives. An email containing information about explosives, detonators and fuses was sent to his laptop from Pakistan. The investigative steps used by the FBI, leading to his arrest, were put into place by the passage of the Patriot Act, foiling what might have been the largest terrorist attack against the United States (http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/Patriot-Act-helped-foil-New-York-terror-plot-8316210.html) since 9/11.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Bush-patriot-act.jpg
President George W. Bush signed the
Patriot Act into law in 2001.

[i]That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 49 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1904, the New York City subway system made its first run with Mayor George McClellan at the throttle of the first train. The subway opened as a way to reduce congestion on the streets of New York. The first subway was London's tube that opened in 1863. (It was completed by Charles Yerkes, the tycoon from Chicago who built Chicago's Elevated system. See Morning Update, October 21, 2008 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-october-21-2008-a-45246/) for more about Charles Yerkes.) Boston opened the first US subway in 1897 but the New York System came to be the largest. As time went on, the private operators of subways could not sustain their operations, and they came under control of the New York City Transit Authority. Today, over 4 and a half million riders use the NY Subway daily. It operates 24/7, the only rapid transit system to do so. (Some parts of the Chicago El operate 24/7 but not the entire system.)

http://images.nycsubway.org/logo/title-irtpage.jpg
City Hall Station in 1904, on the Interburough Rapid Transit line.

...in 1938, Charles Stine, a vice-president of E.I. du Pont de Nemours, Incorporated announced Du Pont was calling its new synthetic fabric "nylon" and legs would never be the same.

http://invention.smithsonian.org/centerpieces/whole_cloth/u7sf/u7images/act1/nd8.gif
A knitting machine produced
stockings at the 1939 World's Fair.

http://invention.smithsonian.org/centerpieces/whole_cloth/u7sf/u7images/act1/nd13.jpg
This 1949 ad in Life magazine
hyped the virtues of nylon.

...in 1945, Dr. Ferdinand Porsche was arrested at the conclusion of WWII. A few days ago, we learned about Dr. Porsche's design that became the Volkswagon, and his factory became a Nazi production facility where Volkswagon-based staff cars, amphibious Schwimmwagen and Tiger tanks were built. Porsche was arrested and taken to France to await trial. Meanwhile, the British began to build his Volkswagen in the factory, after it was rebuilt from damage inflicted by Allied bombing. Porsche was released in 1947 and he began designing sportscars, the most famous being the 911.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Lohner_Porsche.jpg/774px-Lohner_Porsche.jpg
Ferdinand Porsche built the first hybrid in 1901. The "Mixte" used a Daimler
engine to turn a generator that fed electric motors on the wheel hubs.

...in 1954, the divorce between Marilyn Monroe and Joe Demagio became final.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Joe_DiMaggio%2C_Marilyn_Monroe_and_Tstsuzo_Inumaru .jpg
Joe DiMaggio, Marilyn Monroe
and Tstsuzo Inumaru in Japan during
the coiuple's honeymoon in 1954. Monroe
filed for divorce just 274 days into the marriage.

...in 1962, the world stepped back from the brink of nuclear war as the Cuban missile crisis approached a solution. It was a game of brinkmanship between Soviet Premier Nikita Khruschev and President John F. Kennedy. It was said that the first one to blink would lose, and President Kennedy later said, "Khruchev blinked." In a long, rambling letter, Khruschev appealed to Kennedy to "...let us show good sense." It was agreed that the Soviets would remove the offensive missiles from Cuba if the US would remove offensive missiles from Turkey. The plan was accepted and a nuclear holocaust was avoided.

...in 1954, the ABC network premiered Walt Disney's first television show, entitled Disneyland. The opening featured Tinkerbell and each week, the program featured a drama, cartoon feature, natural life or adventures. In various forms, with different titles and on several networks, the show ran for 34 years, the longest running prime-time televisions series.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/3324.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 68 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1919, Congress passed the Volstead Act, for the second time, this time, overriding the veto or President Woodrow Wilson. In December of 1918, the 18th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified, prohibiting the manufacture, sale or transportation of intoxicating liquors for beverage purposes. The amendment itself had no teeth, so the Volstead Act was passed to create a special prohibition enforcement arm of the Treasury Department. Both laws were pretty much ignored and organized crime flourished, providing a successful and very lucrative distribution network for illegal alcohol, at least, until August, 1929. Eliot Ness, who had been a Treasury Agent since 1923, was tasked with creating a special unit for the specific purpose of bringing down Alphonse Capone, the kingpin of the Chicago underworld. The elite group of prohibition agents were all chosen for being above reproach. A car pulled up alongside a car full of agents and a wad of bills was tossed into the agents' car. The agents threw it back. The Chicago press coined the term, "Untouchables" and the name stuck. Eliot Ness, along with "The Untouchables," put Al Capone out of business by 1931. The 18th Amendment was repealed by the 21st Amendment in 1933.

http://xroads.virginia.edu/~1930s2/time/1929/eliotness.jpg
Eliot Ness

...in 1950, The Jack Benny Program made the move to television, beginning a run that would last 15 years. Benny had been popular on radio, after going on in 1932, and he continued on radio while doing television. Benjamin Kubelsky was born in Waukegan, Illinois in 1894, the son of a Lithuanian haberdasher. He began violin lessons at the age of six and continued through high school. He (seriously) played the violin in vaudeville, and when he joined the navy in 1918, he was assigned to entertain the troops. (No one seems to be able to tell us if Benny was actually a good violinist, or if he was really as bad as he pretended to be.) In 1927, he married an actress, Sayde Marks, and they were married until his death in 1974. (Sayde was a cousin of the Marx Brothers.) Benny also made films, but comedy was his specialty and radio was his medium. The cast of characters included Benny, portraying himself as a ego-maniacal tightwad, eternally 39 years old. Eddie Anderson, one of the first African American voice actors to make it on radio, played Benny's long suffering valet, Rochester Van Jones. (On a road trip, the owners of a hotel said Eddie would not be able to stay with the rest of the staff. Benny replied, "If he doesn't stay here, neither do I." The staff relented.) Sayde, as Mary Livingstone, played his girlfriend, deflating his ego at every opportunity. Dennis Day portrayed a naive tenor who usually got the best of his boss, anyway. Phil Harris, and later Bob Crosby, were band leaders on the show. Mel Blanc played several miscellaneous characters, including his frustrated violin teacher as well as Benny's 1916 Maxwell. (He was too cheap to buy a new car.) Don Wilson was the studio announcer and part of the cast. In reality, Benny was modest and generous in real life. He died of cancer in 1974, at the age of 39.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/2f/Jack_Benny_group_photo.jpg
The cast of the ]Jack Benny Program, Eddie Anderson, Dennis Day, Phil Harris, Mary Livingston, Jack Benny, Don Wilson and Mel Blanc.

(One of the funniest bits that Jack Benny did with Mel Blanc, and it was repeated often, was Benny playing a hapless character who runs into Mel Blanc's Mexican character, names Cy. Si, er, see it on YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9s8U0O0XPE&feature=related).

...in 1962, the Cuban Missile Crisis came to an end, as Soviet Premier Nikita Khruschev agreed to remove the offensive missiles from Cuba in exchange for the United States removing nuclear missiles from Turkey and guaranteeing to respect Cuban sovereignty. Not everyone was happy, European allies of the US were incensed that Kennedy kept them out of the loop during the crisis, and Soviet hardliners were incensed that Khruschev removed the missiles from Cuba at all. Leonid Breshnev and Aleksei Kosygin pushed Khruschev out of power and began to amass military materiel. More importantly, though, a "hotline" was installed between the two capitals to prevent this sort of stand off happening again. Actually a teletype, the American terminal is located in the Pentagon, not the White House.

http://jproc.ca/crypto/hotline_etcrrm.jpg
Contrary to Hollywood and popular opinion, the
"Hot Line" was a teletype system with the American
terminal in the Pentagon. A duplicate to this station was
located in Moscow. The system was updated to use satellites
and fax machines, to share documents, in 1986. If there
have been updates since then, they are secret.

...in 1965, construction crews topped out the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri's Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Park. The arch is 603 feet tall springing from a width of 630 feet, nearly 1/8th of a mile, at the ground level. Eoro Saarinen's 1947 design commemorates the western expansion.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/Gateway_Arch.jpg/450px-Gateway_Arch.jpg

St. Louis was only one of many points of embarkation of westward pioneers, but its location near the confluence of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers did make it an attractive starting point. Visitors are able to ride a small capsule to the top of the arch for an expansive view of St. Louis and points west.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Gateway_Arch_tram_car.JPG/400px-Gateway_Arch_tram_car.JPG
The inside of a tram car. It's not for the claustrophobic!

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/JNEM_Observation_deck.jpg/800px-JNEM_Observation_deck.jpg
The Observation Deck

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 49 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1929, Black Tueday struck Wall Street as 16,410,030 shares were traded. Billions of dollars were lost, thousands of investors were ruined when margins were called in. Stock tickers were behind by hours because of the sheer volume of trading. Ruined brokers jumped from windows. While the previous record trading day, October 24 (Black Thursday) and the following Black Tuesday did not cause the depression, in fact, the stock market began to recover the following week but it did accelerate the collapse of the world economy, already failing since the end of World War I. While numerous FDR programs were launched to cure the ills of the depression, none of them really had an effect. It took the ultimate consumer, World War II, to finally end the Great Depression.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Crowd_outside_nyse.jpg/180px-Crowd_outside_nyse.jpg
Crowds began to gather on
Wall Street after the crash. No
one was jumping out of
windows - yet.

...in 1618, Sir Walter Raleigh was executed by beheading in London. The favorite of Queen Elizabeth had led three expeditions to America. He made the first English settlement in the new world in 1587, at Roanoke. When he married one of Elizabeth's ladies-in-waiting, he fell out of her favor and was arrested. He bought his freedom and led an expedition to mine gold along the Orinoco River in South America, which failed. Meanwhile, Elizabeth passed on and King James I had him arrested and beheaded as an enemy of the crown. One cannot help but wonder if he was cremated and put into a can.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/ODG136411400.jpg
RING! "Tobacco shop, may I help you?"
"Do you have Sir Walter Raleigh in a can?"
"Why, yes, we do!"
"Doncha think ya outta let him out?" (phone slams)

...in 1901, an obscure Polish laborer, Leon Czolgosz, was executed for the assassination of President William McKinley. Czolgosz shot McKinley on September 6 at the Pan-American Exhibition in Buffalo, New York. The unrepentent laborer said he shot McKinley because he was the corrupt head of a corrupt government. His last words before being electrocuted were, "I killed the president because he was the enemy of the good people—the working people." Thomas Edison was reported to have filmed the execution.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Czol_photo_1900_-_found_in_effects.jpg/150px-Czol_photo_1900_-_found_in_effects.jpg
Leon Czolgosz in a 1900 photo.

...in 1954, the last Hudson was produced before the venerable marque became just another automotive memory. Joseph L. Hudson, of Hudson Department Store fame, bankrolled former Olds associates who began building automobiles in 1909. Although the Hudson was never a top seller, Hudson did make a number of innovations, including dual brakes and a self starter. During the depression years, Hudson began an involvement with racing. Hudson Essex-Terraplane automobiles set records in economy runs, hill climbs and other timed events. After World War II, Hudson introduced a new design concept called the Monobuilt design, combining the frame and body into what was called "step-down." The concept lowered the car's center of gravity significantly, allowing the Hudson Hornet to corner better than competitors. Hudson dominated stock car races for the three years in the 1952-1954 seasons. (Paul Newman voiced the Hudson Hornet in the animated film Cars.) The racing record did not help sales, and Hudson-Essex-Terraplane merged with Nash-Kelvinator to form American Motors in 1954.

http://oldcarandtruckpictures.com/AmericanMotors/1948HudsonCommodore4DoorSedan-a1.jpg
1948 Hudson Commodore, an example of the
Monobuilt step-down chassis.

...in 1777, the President of the Continental Congress, one John Hancock, resigned his position in order to return to Massachussets and take care of his health issues. Hancock is best remembered for his bold signiture on hte Declaration of Independence, resulting in the slang term for one's signiture as "Your John Hancock." In addition to his term as President of the Continental Congress, he was also the first, and a two term governor or Massachussets. Little known is that Hancock was the wealthiest man in New England, and as a true patriot, risked his life and his entire fortune by signing the document. After signing it, regarding te bounty that had been placed on his head, he said, "The British ministry can read that name without spectacles; let them double their reward."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/JohnHancockSignature.jpg/300px-JohnHancockSignature.jpg

...in 1957, Dan Castellaneta was born. "DOH!"

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Dan_Castellaneta_cropped.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 44 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1938, Orsen Welles presented a radio drama on Mercury Theater on the Air on network radio. The radio drama was based on H.G. Wells' War of the Worlds novel about a Martian invasion of Grovers Mill, New Jersey. The show was presented as a news broadcast, and people who tuned in too late to hear the opening disclaimer, thought it was a real news broadcast and that Martians were, in fact, invading Earth. Contemporary estimates thought that nearly 2 million people heard the broadcast and believed it to be true, sparking panic across the country. Orson Welles was a native of Kenosha, Wisconsin and had a thorough knowledge of Shakespeare before he went to high school. In 1937, he founded the Mercury Theater on the Air with John Houseman (probably best known for The Paper Chase.) His fictionalized story of a media tycoon, Charles Foster Kane, was the subect of his groundbreaking film Citizen Kane. The film was not well received by media tycoon, William Randolph Hearst, and it suffered at the box office. The film was hailed, though, for its innovative lighting and camera techniques, and it was voted the "Greatest Film" on the American Film Institute's list of Top 100 American Films of all time in 1998. But for Halloween, in 1938, Welles created panic throughout the United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Landingsite_statue.JPG/400px-Landingsite_statue.JPG
This monument was placed in 1998 to commemorate the location
of the "Martian landing" in Van Nest Park, Grover's Mill, NJ.

...in 1890, the foundation of the war on drugs was laid when Oakland, California enacted a law controlling the sale of opium, morphine and cocaine. The drugs had been legal as cures for any number of maladies and were often a component of patent medicines. (Coca-Cola was so named because a component of the original formula was, in fact, cocaine. It was removed from the formula in the 1880's.) Oakland was one of the first communities to pass criminal laws against the substances. In the latter part of the 19th Century, opium dens became quite commonplace. Polite society looked the other way but did look down upon addicts. The Harrison Act of 1914 was intended to slow the availability of drugs but had little effect. Recently Californa passed a law allowing the use of marijuana for (nod, nod, wink, wink) medicinal purposes.

...in 1972, an Illinois Central Railway express train collieded with a commuter train on right-of-way that is now an electrified Metra route. The engineer of the commuter train overshot the 27th Street Station and made the fateful decision to back up to the platform. When the train missed the station, it tripped signals that indicated it had cleared the station, opening the line to an express passenger train. At the time, ICRR passenger equipment was painted dark green, and in the foggy morning air, the express engineer never saw the stopped commuter train. His train slid into the rear car of the commuter train, known as "telescoping" because cars slide into other cars, much as tubes of a telescope slide together. 45 people were killed with 332 injured. As a result of the accident, all Chicago area passenger cars are now painted on the ends with orange and white stripes to improve visibility.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Rail/zusametra2.jpg
METRA trains are now painted with reflective strips to aid in visibility.

...in 1811, Sense and Sensibility was published in London. The popular book was published anonymously, and although a few members of high society figured out the identity of the author, most everyone else knew the book was written by a Lady. Jane Austen was born in 1775 into the family of a clergyman. She had seven siblings, and she was closest to to her older sister, Cassandra. Jane began writing at 12 and was a voracious reader. She hid her efforts from most of her friends, remained unmarried and died at the age of 42. She also published Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park and Emma.

http://www.digital-tv.co.uk/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/jane-austen.jpg
Jane Austen

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 66 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1517, in the city of Wittenberg, Germany, Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the Castle Church, setting off the Protestant revolution that would change Western society. Luther, a priest and scholar, was upset with the church's practice of accepting payments in exchange for the absolution of sins. The practice, known as selling Indulgences, frustrated Luther,and his protest culminated in writing the 95 Theses. They were quickly translated into Latin from German, and he was urged to recant. He did not. In 1521, he was excommunicated by Pope Leo X and at the same time, Holy Roman Emporer Charels V or Germany issued the Edict of Worms, calling for the death of Luther with impunity. Under the protection of Prince Frederick, Luther translated the bible into German, which took about 10 years. Members of royalty who supported and protected Luther became known as Protestants, a name that was soon extended to followers of Luther. He died, of natural causes, in 1546 but 4 and a half centuries later, his efforts still influence millions of Christians.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Tesent%C3%BCr_WB.jpg
Door of the Schlosskirche in
Wittenburg where Luther nailed
his 95 theses.

...in 1926, Erik Weisz died in Detroit from a ruptured appendix. He was born in Budapest in 1874, the son of a rabbi. His family immigrated to Appleton, Wisconsin where the boy showed natural athletic ability along with a knack for picking locks, and he practiced tying and untying knots with his toes. When he was 9, he ran away and joined a circus as a contortionist and trapeze artist. He soon began acting as an escape artist and would challenge policemen from town to town to hold him in handcuffs. He gained great notoriety for escaping from jail cells and handcuffs all over the world. He was greatly influenced by the magic of French illusionist, Jean Eugène Robert-Houdin, and adopted the name as his own - Harry Houdini. Houdini, however, did not rely on illusion for his escapes, it was all athleticism, great effort and concentration. He was, however, also a master illusionist and, unknown to most, was a pioneer aviator. (He was the first man to fly a powered, controlled flight across Australia in 1910.) He spent a great part of his life debunking mediums and spiritulists, and made arrangements to contact his wife if he passed over before she did. Ironically, he died on Halloween and as far as anyone knows, has never made contact from the other side.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/HarryHoudini1899.jpg/225px-HarryHoudini1899.jpg
Erik Weisz, aka Harry Houdini

...in 1892, Arthur Conan Doyle published his first collection of Sherlock Holmes stories in book form, called The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. Several short stories featuring the detective had been published prior to that event. Doyle was actually educated as a doctor at the University of Edinburgh where one of his teachers was partial inspiration for Holmes. Doyle was knighted in 1902, not for writing, but for his work in a South African hospital.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Conan_doyle.jpg/200px-Conan_doyle.jpg
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859 - 1930)

...in 1992, the Catholic Church restored Galileo Galilei. For centuries, the Catholic Church was firmly rooted in the geocentric concept that the earth did not move because it was the center of the universe. Galileo believed in the Copernican theory that the earth revolved around the sun, or a heliocentric concept of the universe. Because he stood for his beliefs, in 1633 the church banned publication of his work and sentenced him to house arrest for his heretical views. In 1992, Pope John Paul II expressed regret over Galileo and officially conceded that the earth does, in fact, move.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg/225px-Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg
Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642)

...in 1941, Mount Rushmore was completed, at least, as far as it will every be completed. (There were plans to sculpt the busts to the waist, which models show, but the monument was, and likely will never be, completed to that level.) Sculptor, Gutzon Borglum, worked on the monument until his death in March of 1941. His son, Lincoln Borglum, continued the work and completed the last drilling on this date in 1941. The monument was not formally dedicated, as the US became embroiled in World War II shortly afterward. During the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the completion of the monument, in a speech on July 3, 1991, President George H.W. Bush dedicated the memorial.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gutzon_Borglum%27s_model_of_Mt._Rushmore_memorial. jpg/800px-Gutzon_Borglum%27s_model_of_Mt._Rushmore_memorial. jpg
This model of the proposed sculture is on the site. Funding ran out in 1941,
after Gutzon Borglum's death.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Dean_Franklin_-_06.04.03_Mount_Rushmore_Monument_%28by-sa%29-3_new.jpg/800px-Dean_Franklin_-_06.04.03_Mount_Rushmore_Monument_%28by-sa%29-3_new.jpg
The completed sculpture. You can see the beginnings of Washington's coat but the
sculpting to the figures' waists was never completed.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 58 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1512, the Sistine Chapel in Rome was opened to the public for the first time, after the completion of Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni's little paint job on the ceiling. Michelangelo was apprenticed at the age of 13 and his obvious talent caused him to be taken under the wing of Lorenzo de' Medici, you may recall from your world history class that the de' Medici family pretty much ran Florence at that time. His sculptures, Pietà and David stunned the art world (as they continue to do today) and he was commissioned to paint frescoes on the ceiling of the chapel, the most sacred consecrated location in the Vatican. (Fresco is a technique of applying paint to wet plaster, making the paint a part of the wall surface.) The ceiling took many years to complete, with nine panels dedicated to biblical scenes. The most famous is The Creation of Adam which is revered and warmly parodied.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/The_Creation_of_Adam.jpg/800px-The_Creation_of_Adam.jpg
"Pull my finger."

After completion of the epic work, he returned to Florence where he pursued architecture. (He designed the famous dome of St. Peter's Basilica, one of the most astounding feats of Renaissance engineering.) He returned to Rome in 1534 and painted The Last Judgment above the alter in the Sistine Chapel. He worked until his death at the age of 88.

The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel was restored in the 20th Century. The project began in 1979 and was unveiled in 1999. The restoration was not without its critics and remains controversial. You can learn more about the restoration and see some striking photos of the work on this site (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restoration_of_the_Sistine_Chapel_frescoes).

...in 1927, the factories of Ford Motor Company began to manufacture The New Ford. When the 15 Millionth Model T was driven off the line in May of 1927 by Henry and Edsel Ford, all production stopped. Henry was reported to have said, "Well, Boys, we better get busy designing a new one." Never before, or since, has a model ceased production before a new one was designed. Henry Ford wanted to be a leader, not a follower, so a six cylinder engine was out of the question. He had been working on a V-8, but it was not ready, so an interim vehicle needed to be designed. The result was the Model A. Henry said it was not the Model U, because they wiped the slate clean and started over with an all-new Ford. Detroit actually went into a mini-recession for the six months that Ford wasn't building cars, besides Ford laying off workers, buyers were not purchasing new cars while they waited to see what The New Ford would be. It was a beauty, Edsel had driven the styling of The New Ford, based on Lincoln designs, and the Model A was also known as The Baby Lincoln. There were 5 million Model A's built in the four years of production, into Spring of 1932, when the revolutionary Ford flathead V-8 was introduced. The Model A was offered in a wide array of body styles, coupes, sedans, roadsters, touring (phaeton) and trucks. You can read more at the website of the Model A Ford Club of America (http://www.mafca.com/index.html).

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/1928_Fordor.jpg
The New Ford - a 1928 Model A Fordor

...in 1947, with Howard Hughs at the controls, the world's largest airplane took flight. The H-4 Hercules, more popularly known as "The Spruce Goose," was the brainchild of Howard Hughs and Kaiser Aircraft as a massive troop carrier. The flying boat was conceived during World War II with the proviso that it could not contain aluminum or any other metal considered vital to the war effort. It was called the HK-1 for Hughes-Kaiser Design 1. Fairchild Aircraft had developed a process called "Duramold" that Hughes purchased to build his aircraft. Duramold was a laminate of wood, grains alternating perpendicular to the previous layer, with plastic glue between layers. The laminate was formed into shapes and cured with heat, completing components that many engineers considered to be lighter and stronger than aluminum. Kaiser pulled out of the project and Hughes renamed the craft H-4 for Hughes Aircraft's fourth design. The flying boat had taken too long and gone over budget, and at the completion of WWII was no longer needed. On this date, Hughs flew the craft for little over a mile at 70 feet of altitude, proving it would fly. Hughes put it into hibernation at a cost of $1 million per year. After his death in 1976, the craft wound up in the hands of the Wrather Corporation and went on display next to the Queen Mary. After Jack Wrather died, his assets were purchased by Disney Corporation, which discontinued the display. The Spruce Goose was transferred to the Evergreen International Aviation & Space Museum (http://www.sprucegoose.org/aircraft_artifacts/exhibits.html) in McMinnville, Oregon.

http://www.sprucegoose.org/images/H4Flight1.jpg
The H-4 Hercules "Spruce Goose" few on November 1, 1947

...in 1993, the Maastricht Treaty took effect. The treaty formally established the European Union, creating a central bank, one currency and security measures. Twelve nations form the EU, Great Britain, France, Germany, the Irish Republic, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece, Denmark, Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands. In 1995, they were joined by Austria, Finland and Sweden. Through centuries of history, these nations have been at each others' throats with centuries of bloody wars but now, economic conditions have brought them all together.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/European_Central_Bank_041107.jpg/180px-European_Central_Bank_041107.jpg
The European Central Bank in
Frankfurt is in charge of the
Eurozone monetary system. The
€ sign in front of the bank is the
official symbol for the Euro, just as
the $ is for US currency, £ is for the
British Pound and the ¥ is for the
Japanese Yen. The € symbol is
based on the Greek character,
Epsilon.

...in 1938, the race of the year was held at Pimlico Race Track, when War Admiral, the son of the great race horse, Man o' War, met the popular rags-to-riches horse, Seabiscuit. The build-up to the race was huge and over a year in length. War Admiral was the favorite, posting 1 to 4 while Seabiscuit was 2 to 1. The largest crowd in Pimlico history was on hand, millions were listing on an NBC radio hookup and newsreel cameras cranking, the race was ready to start. There were two false starts. The third time was the charm and the two giants of racing were off with Seabiscuit winning by three lengths. The time of the race was 1:56 3/5 which broke the Pimlico record. At the year end, War Admiral had won more races, but Seabiscuit was Horse of the Year. (And had two movies made about himself. Two? The first one, in 1949, starred Shirley Temple and Barry Fitzgerald and isn't well liked. ) You can watch the race on YouTube, Seabiscuit v. War Admiral (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVT2MPNCqgM).

http://horseracing.about.com/library/graphics/photos/seawar.jpg

...in 1924, a famous lawman was shot and killed. It is rather distressing that we've all heard of Butch Cassidy, Billy the Kid, the Clantons, the Youngers and Jesse James, but you've never heard of William Tilghman - until now. Tilghman was born in Fort Dodge, Iowa and left home at the age of 16. He started his career in a less that auspicious style by trying his hand at rustling, but when that didn't work out, he went straight and settled in Dodge City. He was a deputy sheriff of Ford County, and later marshal. In 1891, he became a US Marshall for Kansas and Oklahoma, where he helped establish law and order by arresting many of the big-name criminals of the day. He served a term as a legislator, was police chief in Oklahoma City and made a movie, but in 1924, he couldn't stay away from the badge and became a marshal. He was shot and killed at the age of 71, reportedly by a corrupt prohibition agent. Tilghman was respected for his tenacity and bravery, even Teddy Roosevelt said Tilghman "...would charge into Hell with a bucket." The more famous lawman, Bat Masterson simply said, "Tilghman was the greatest of them all."

http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~oklincol/tilghman/bill2_s.jpg
-William "Bill" Tilghman
(1854-1924)

...in 1959, Jacques Plante of the Montreal Canadiens put on a mask, the first goalie to do so. His coach threw a fit, the crowd razed him mercilessly, but he didn't care. "I already had four broken noses, a broken jaw, two broken cheekbones and almost 200 stitches in my head," he said. "I didn’t care how the mask looked." It must have been effective because he was one of the best goalies ever and played until 1975. (Other goalies had tried masks in the past, but complained of the masks blocking their view of the puck, so they abandoned them. Plante's was the first successful mask.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Plante_Mask.jpg/180px-Plante_Mask.jpg
The first hockey goalie mask
as developed by Jaques Plante.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we wer 52p over 150 candles yesterday but we were at XXX as of this post. As always, a reminder that candles go out after 48 hours. Remember to keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1948, Democratic incumbent Harry S. Truman defeated his Republican challenger, Governor Thomas E. Dewey of New York. In those days, unlike today (nod, nod, wink, wink) the press was firmly in the tank for Thomas Dewey and all indication were that he would easily defeat the surprisingly unpopular Truman. He went on a last minute whistle stop campaign, projecting himself as an outsider with a do-nothing Congress. (You see, history does repeat itself!) Before all the votes were in, the Chicago Tibune printed an early edition with the banner headline, DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN. When the smoke cleared, Truman had won by a slim margin.

http://www.chicagotribune.com/media/photo/2008-01/34569547.jpg
"That ain't the way we heard it!"

...in 1920, KDKA radio in Pittsburgh became the first radio station to broadcast the results of the Presidential election between James M. Cox and Warren G. Harding. It represented the first major news broadcast via radio. By 1922, there were over 500 radio stations broadcasting and receivers began selling at quite a clip. A museum of radio is located in Ligonier, Indiana, between South Bend and Fort Wayne on the old Lincoln Highway. It's worth a stop to see what radio was like in those pioneer days.

(UPDATE: Sadly, the curator of the Radio Museum passed away in 2009. The collection has been sold and the museum is now closed.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/ihrp6m1.jpg

...in 1960, a court handed down a verdict of Not Guilty in the landmark obscenity case brought against Penguin Books for publishing an uncensored version of D.H. Lawrence's Lady Chatterly's Lover about the wife of a wealthy, paralyzed nobleman and the estate's gamekeeper. If was first published in Florence in 1928, Paris in 1929 and a censored version in London in 1932. In 1959, the full text was published in New York and London in 1960. Lawrence's titles included Sons and Lovers (an autobiographical novel) The Rainbow, The White Peacock and Women in Love. He died of tuberculosis, at the age of 44, in 1930. "Ours is essentially a tragic age, so we refuse to take it tragically."

...in 1912, the end of the Old West began when the enormous XIT Ranch, in the panhandle of Texas, sold its last head of cattle. The giant operation was the largest cattle ranch ever, owning over 3,000,000 acres spread over 9 counties. It was owned by a Chicago business syndicate, led by the Farwell Brothers, John V. and Charles B. Farwell, formed in 1885 to capitalize on the demand for western beef. The ranch also erected 325 windmills and built 100 dams. By 1905, as bonds (that had been sold to capitalize the venture) became due and the ranch still wasn't profitable, the land started to be subdivided and by 1912, the giant venture was out of the cattle business.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/XIT_cowboys.jpg

What ranch-hand cowboys really looked like - not the way Hollywood always portrays them.

...in 1993, Christie Todd Whitman was elected governor of New Jersey, the first woman to govern the state. She was the second woman in the United States, and first Republican woman, to defeat an incumbant governor. An enthusiast of Scottish Terriers, she sent a puppy, named Barney, to President and Laura Bush at the White House. Whitman was also the Administrator of the EPA in the Bush Administration from 2001 to 2003. Today she is a director of Texas Instruments and United Technologies. In her book, It's My Party, Too! she said, "The defining feature of the conservative viewpoint is a faith in the ability, and a respect for the right, of individuals to make their own decisions - economic, social, and spiritual - about their lives. The true conservative understands that government's track record in respecting individual rights is poor when it dictates individual choices."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Barney-20040908.jpg
Barney gives his first press briefing,
September 8, 2004. He was a gift to the
Bush family from Christine Todd Whitman.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/WhitmanChristineTodd.jpg
Christine Todd Whitman in
her Official Portrait from the EPA.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

If you don't open this one, you're missing something interesting about the shoes you might be wearing, and an important history lesson. There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we wer 76p over 150 candles yesterday but we were at XXX as of this post. As always, a reminder that candles go out after 48 hours. Remember to keep lighting candles for Paige and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1941, the Combined Japanese Fleet received Top-Secret Order Number 1: The United States Naval Base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii is to be bombed in 34 days. The order also said harbors at Mayala, the Dutch East Indies and the Philippines would also be bombed. The thought was that with the American navy severely damaged, the Japanese Navy could act with impunity in the Pacific. It was also believed that with the Americans facing conflict in Europe that a favorable peace would be negotiable. Admiral Yamamoto, who masterminded the strategy, feared the Americans would react in just the opposite way, and with their superior industrial might, could crush the Empire. He is reported to have said about the strategy planed for December 7, "I can run wild for six months … after that, I have no expectation of success." The decisive Battle of Midway, that turned the tide against the Japanese Navy, ended on June 7, 1941, exactly six months after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Japanese Admiral Hara Tadaichi summed up the Japanese result by saying, "We won a great tactical victory at Pearl Harbor and thereby lost the war."

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/727px-Pearl_Harbor_looking_southwes.jpg
Pearl Harbor was a peaceful looking place
on October 30, 1941. Did anyone know what
was lurking in the future? Conspiracy theorists
claim the Roosevelt Administration knew that
Secret Order No. 1 had been issued.

...in 1900, Adolph "Adi" Dassler was born in Hersongenaurach, Bavaria. He trained as a cobbler and in 1924, he and his older brother, Rudolph, began to make sports shoes at the Gebruder Dassler Schufabrik. At the 1928 Olympics, Dassler supplied track shoes to several athletes, setting up for international expansion. In 1936, he supplied shoes to Jesse Owens, the first African-American to receive corporate sponsorship. With the rise of Hitler to power in the 1930s, the brothers joined the Nazi Party. Rudi was the zealot, Adi joined just to be able to continue to sell shoes. Rudi was drafted and captured by the Allies while Adi continued to make boots for the Wehrmacht. Rudi was suspected of being part of the SS, which he blamed on Adi. It opened a rift between them that never healed. In 1948, Rudi left the company to found Puma. Adi renamed the company adidas, specifically using all lowercase letters. His son, Horst Dassler, founded Arena, maker of swimming equipment.

http://www.funnypictures.net.au/images/corocodile-or-alligator-converse-funny-shoes1.jpg (http://www.funnypictures.net.au/2008-02/)
What started out as reinforcement for track shoes
became the familiar adidas logo, three stripes. The trademark
is so fiercely protected that it cannot even be used for
educational purposes. As a result, the logo was removed
from this post under threa...well...it was removed.

...in 1981, relief pitcher, Rollie Fingers won the Cy Young award for the Milwaukee Brewers. Fingers has 341 career saves and, with fellow reliever Dennis Eckersley, is in the Hall of Fame. He has slipped to eigth on the all-time saves list and will probably slip further. In the heady days when Fingers and Eckersley were relieving, a relief pitcher was usually asked to come into the game and pitch two or three innings to save a game. Today, a closer comes into the game to pitch the 9th inning, or less, to earn a save. Had Fingers been used that way, he says he "...could have had 650 or 700 saves." He's probably right. Just one year later...

...in 1982, Pete Vuckovitch won the Cy Young Award for the Milwaukee Brewers. The Brewers lost the world series to St. Louis in a heartbreaking 7th game.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Sports/FINGERS85LEAF-1.jpg http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Sports/3025786780_cc888799c5_o.jpg
Rollie Fingers and Pete Vuckovich.
Vuckovich's shoes don't match. Hmmm.

...in 1931, from Washington, D.C., President Herbert Hoover turned a golden key that rang bells in Detroit, Michigan USA and Windsor, Ontario Canada, signaling the opening the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel. It was the first international tunnel constructed for vehicular traffic (two railroad tunnels preceded it.) It was constructed by digging a trench in the river bottom and a giant tube was floated on the river's surface, then sunk into the trench. Even though it is 75 feet below the river bottom, a no-anchor zone is strictly enforced. The tunnel also served as a freeway for illegal liquor to be smuggled into the dry United States, still under the Volstead Act. The tunnel was opened a year ahead of schedule and cost $23 million. It is 5,160 feet long and can handle up to 2,000 cars per hour. Motorcycles are prohibited. Today, the tunnel is operated by a corporation that is a joint venture between Detroit and Windsor, and it remains a vital international transportation link.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8e/DWTunnel.JPG/250px-DWTunnel.JPG
The Detroit-Windsor Tunnel is
one of two ways to cross the
Detroit River. The other is the
Ambassador Bridge (http://bridgehunter.com/mi/wayne/ambassador/), opened in 1928.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f4/DetroitWindsorTunnelbordercrossing.jpg/120px-DetroitWindsorTunnelbordercrossing.jpg
You actually travel south from Detroit
to cross into Windsor, Ontario,
America's northern neighbor.

...in 1862, Dr. Richard Gatling received a patent for a machine gun. He sincerely believed that the weapon, that fired an astounding 200 rounds per minute, would threaten to cause so much carnage that it would end the Civil War. Modern Gattling guns are capable of firing 3900 rounds per minute - that's 65 shots per second. Dr. Gatling also patented a rice planting device that became a successful wheat drill, but Dr. Gatling is best remembered for the awful weapon that bears his name.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Gatling_gun.jpg/180px-Gatling_gun.jpg
An 1876 version of Dr. Gatling's
invention, on display at the
Fort Laramie Museum.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 65 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1939, at the National Auto Show in Chicago, a Packard automobile featured the first air conditioning unit in an automobile. The innovation created a stir and a lot of interest, but the price was well out of the range of the typical automobile buyer. (Air conditioning was a $274 option on the Packard, already one of the priciest automobiles in the marketplace.) It was not until the 1970's that air conditioning started to become a regular feature on most automobiles because, once people had an air conditioned car, they never wanted to give it up.

http://oldcarandtruckpictures.com/Packard/1936Packard-V12-Formal-Sedan.jpg

...in 1922, an archaeologist from Great Britain, Howard Carter and his crew, discovered a step that led them to the yet undiscovered, tomb of 18 year old King Tutankhamen. The interior of the tomb was intact, rare for the tombs in the area, as most had been raided over the centuries. While thousands of objects were recovered from the tomb, the most astounding was a stone sarcophagu that contained three nested coffins, the last being solid gold and containing the mummy of King Tut, the boy-king, preserved for more than 3,000 years.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Egypt.KV62.01.jpg
King Tutankhamen's tomb. Those panels read:
"The queen
Of hearts
Now loves the knave
King Tut
Ran out of
Burma Shave."

...in 1956, in a story that sounds eerilly too familiar to current events, the Soviet Union sent armored troops into Budapest to crush weeks of protests and faltering political controls. Beginning as a student protest on October 23, Hungarian protesters demanded a more democratic government and freedom from the iron rule of the Soviets. The students were fired upon by the government-controlled police and once the word spread, militias sprang up all over Hungary. As a result, the puppet government fell and rebels demanded a more democratic government. The Soviets installed Imre Nagy to run the country. He restored the peace and asked the Soviets to withdraw, which they did. Nagy then tried to abolish the one-party system and announced Hungary would withdraw from the Warsaw Pact. In response, the Soviets invaded and, despite great efforts by the rebels, killed thousands of Hungarians. Nagy was taken into custody and executed. Discussion about the rebellion was supressed for decades, but after the Soviet Union collapsed, discussion has been intense. October 23 is now a national holiday.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/88/1956_hungarians_stalin_head.jpg/300px-1956_hungarians_stalin_head.jpg
Hungarian rebels pose with the desecrated
statue of Joseph Stalin, pulled down during the
rebellion of 1956.

...in 1979, students who were followers of Ayatollah Khomeini stormed the US Embassy in Tehran, seizing the complex and taking 90 Americans hostage. The deposed Shah of Iran was scheduled to undergo medical treatment in the United States, and the radical Islamic fundamentalists were enragaed over the reports of the Shah's treatment. They threatened to start murdering the hostages if the Shah entered the US or if there was any rescue attempt. President Jimmy Carter botched negotiations from day one, the Iranian leader resigned and the Ayatollah Khomeini took control of the country, as well as control of the hostages. 14 days after seizing the embassy, the Ayatollah released non-American captives, along with female and minority Americans, using them as propaganda tools as the oppressed people in the United States. Years later, the Ayatollah said in his memoirs that once no Cruise missiles landed in Tehran, he knew he had President Carter by the bal...well...he knew he was in control. He played the American press like a violin and continued to make President Carter look like the weak and ineffective leader that he was. Carter ordered an ill-conceived and poorly executed rescue on April 24, 1980, that cost eight American soldiers their lives with no hostages rescued because the mission never came close to Tehran. The Shah died in Egypt, but the crisis continued because Khomeini, and not Carter, was in control. When Ronald Reagan defeated Carter in the 1980 election, it was obvious there was a new sheriff coming to town, one with far more brass than the previous one. Khomeini decided negotiation with Reagan, through Algerian intermediaries, was better than risking the consequences with an unknown quantity. Within minutes of Reagan's innauguration, the hostages were on a plane out of Iran and on their way home, ending their 444 day ordeal. Jimmy Carter, in a rather audacious move, met the hostages in West Germany to welcome them home.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7c/Ahmadinejad_alleged.JPG
Iranian militants parade an American hostage
before the Iranian media. This image of a historical
event is used here for educational purposes only and
may not be reproduced.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 57 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1982, a human black widow, named Shirley (Goude, Sinclair, Gregg) Allen was arrested for using ethylene glycol (anti-freeze) to poison her husband, Lloyd Allen. Lloyd was Shirley's sixth husband and the second to die under mysterious circumstances. The other four divorced her while they still had the chance to do so. John Gregg, the unfortunate husband from a 1977 marriage, died in 1978. Shirley was particularly steamed that he had taken her name off his life insurance policy, leaving her with nothing. Lloyd had complained of his coffee tasting odd, but she told him it was an iron supliment. Another previous husband, Joe Sinclair, baled when he thought his coffee tasted a bit odd, too. Shirley was turned in by her daughter, convicted after a four day trial and sentenced to life in 1983.

...in 1899, James Ward Packard completed building his first automobile. The wire manufacturer from Warren, Ohio, bought one of Alexander Winton's cars but it gave him trouble. After working on the Winton and all but rebuilding it, he decided he could build a better car, and did. Henry Bourne Joy bought a Packard in 1902, and liked the car so much that he bought the company and moved it to Detroit. Packard automobiles were some of the finest built and were sold under the slogan, "Ask the man who owns one."

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/EB01c010.jpg
Packard Number 1. The identity of the driver is
unknown, but it looks like Henry B. Joy, who
bought the company in 1902 and moved it to
Detroit.

...in 1906, President Teddy Roosevelt made a 17 day sojourn to Panama and Puerto Rico. He had a great interest in the area after serving in the Spanish-American War, where Puerto Rico became a protectorate. Both President McKinley and President Roosevelt, who took over the Presidency after McKinley's assassination, had promised to help Puerto Rico set up an autonomous government but also offered Puerto Ricans American citizenship. Roosevelt also visited the construction site of the Panama Canal. The project had undergone numerous problems of disease and morale, even bankruptcy, when President Roosevelt had the United States take over the project. His interest resulted in the palindrome (it reads the same forward and backwards) A MAN A PLAN A CANAL PANAMA!

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/1906_roosevelt_01.jpg
President Roosevelt (white suit inside
the shovel cab) visited the construction
site in 1906. Many of the cranes and shovels
were built by Harnischfeger and Bucyrus in
Wisconsin. The project was undertaken by
French interests in 1880 but failed. The US
took over the project in 1906, completing the
canal in 1914. 80,000 people were involved in
the construction and 30,000 people died during
the 34 year project.

...in 1995, Art Modell moved his NFL team out of Cleveland and into Baltimore. After Cleveland had built a new baseball stadium and basketball arena, Modell expected a new football stadium, too, but he didn't think one was coming. Baltimore, still smarting from the Colts moving to Indianapolis under the cover of darkness, wanted a team badly enough to make an offer that Modell couldn't refuse. The fans and Cleveland were more than outraged and sued the NFL. Although they lost the team, they were able to keep the team records, history and most importanly, the name Browns, forcing Modell to rename his team the Ravens. The NFL "deactivated" the Cleveland franchise, agreeing to reactivate the franchise whether a team would relocate to Cleveland or an expansion team would be granted. An expansion team came to Cleveland in 1999, but if you ask a Cleveland football fan about Art Modell and the NFL, be prepared for an earful. Modell has been unable to return to Cleveland, even missing funerals, because of the backlash of the Cleveland fans. Meanwhile, in Baltimore, fans and veterans alike are still upset with the way Robert Irsay moved the Colts out of Baltimore under the cover of darkness in 1986. Johnny Unitas and other Colts veterans cut all ties to the Colts franchise. Along with fans, Unitas et. al. consider the Ravens to be the continuation of the old Baltimore franchise.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2c/AFCN-Uniform-CLE.PNG/275px-AFCN-Uniform-CLE.PNG
The Browns are the only NFL team to not
use a helmet logo. (State line rivals, the
Pittsburgh Steelers, have a logo on only
one side of the helmet.) The Browns colors
and basic uniform design harken all the way
back to their 1946 formation.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 53 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1874, the Republican Party was represented in a Thomas Nast cartoon as an elephant. The cartoon was published in Harper's Weekly as were most Nast cartoons. The image stuck, and to this day, the elephant is the symbol of the party. (Nast drew a similar cartoon depicting a jackass kicking a dead lion. The jackass represented Democrat interests and it soon became the symbol for the Democrat party. That cartoon appeared in Harper's Weekly in the January 19, 1870 issue.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/NastRepublicanElephant.jpg/800px-NastRepublicanElephant.jpg

...in 1917, the Bolshevek Revolution began as Vladamir Lenin's forces overthrew the Czarist government of Russia. (Apparently, they wanted change, too, and look what they got!)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Lenin.jpg/225px-Lenin.jpg
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin
(1870 - 1924)

...in 1991, Earvin "Magic" Johnson announced his retirement from the NBA. The startling news came in the middle of what would become a Hall of Fame career, but even moreso because he announced that he was HIV Positive. In 13 years with the Los Angeles Lakers, Johnson amassed impressive statistics, including five NBA World Championships. Today, he is a successful businessman and advocate for AIDS survivors. He is proof that AIDS is not a death sentence as it once was, but a manageable condition.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Earvin_%22Magic%22_Johnson_on_%2707.jpg/200px-Earvin_%22Magic%22_Johnson_on_%2707.jpg
Earvin "Magic" Johnson ca. 2007
(1959 - )

...in 1940, the Tacoma Narrows Bridge, popularly known as Gallopin' Gertie, collapsed. It opened to great fanfare in 1940, but a critical design flaw led to the nickname and the eventual failure. It was the third longest suspension bridge in the world when it opened, but the winds in the Tacoma Narrows happened to reach the natural frequency of the bridge, causing it to sway at first, then dance in a perfect sine wave. The last car on the bridge was that of Leonard Cotsworth, the copy editor of the Tacoma News-Tribune. In a famous film of the collapse, Cotsworth can be seen struggling to walk back to the end of the bridge, while his daughter's black cocker spaniel stayed in the car and refused to come out. The dog was the only fatality in the collapse.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5c/TacomaNarrowsBridgeCollapse_in_color.jpg (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-zczJXSxnw)
Oops. Click on the photo to watch the dramatic video of
the collapse of Gallopin' Gertie.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/TopViewNarrows.jpg/250px-TopViewNarrows.jpg
Today, two spans carry traffic across the narrows. The replacement for
Gallopin' Gertie took until 1950 to build because of steel shortages during
World War II and was promptly dubbed Sturdy Gertie. By 2000, the bridge was
not sufficient to carry the traffic load, so a second span was added. Sturdy Gertie
now carries westbound traffic while the new span, that opened in 2007, carries
eastbound traffic.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 3 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen began serious research and experimentation with a type of radiation that, he observed, passed through cardboard and other materials. He called the radiation X-rays because of their unknown properties. He discovered medical uses for X-rays by making an image of his wife's hand, in which she was wearing a ring, the first X-ray image of a human body part. Röntgen received the first-ever Nobel Prize for Physics because of his work. Today, the unit of measure for radiation is called a "Röntgen" and in many parts of the world, X-rays are called Röntgen Rays. (Others continued the work, Thomas Edison developed a useful X-ray tube and Nicola Tesla, Edison's biggest competitor, recognized the harmful effects of X-rays on human tissue. Edison's assistant, Clarence Daily, died of skin cancer but the effects of radiation damage were still misunderstood. In fact, shoe stores, starting in the '30s and well into the '50s, had X-ray machines to verify proper fit of shoes before anyone thought that wasn't such a bright idea.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Anna_Berthe_Roentgen.gif
Hand mit Ringen (Hand with Ring): Print of
Wilhelm Röntgen's (1845-1923) first x-ray,
the hand of his wife Anna taken on
December 22, 1895 and presented to
Professor Ludwig Zehnder of the
Physik Institut, University of Freiburg, on 1 January 1896.

...in 1923, Adolph Hitler led what has become known as the Beer Hall Putsch, his first attempt to take control of the German government. The Treaty of Versailles imposed huge war reparation payments upon Germany that strained the German government in attempts to meet the demands. The value of the Mark plummeted and inflation ran rampant. The population was discontent and ready to blame anyone for the problems they faced, and Hitler provided them with a perfect scapegoat, German Jews. On this date in 1923, Hitler and his storm troopers burst into a beer hall where Bavarian leaders were meeting with business leaders. At gunpoint, the leaders pledged allegiance to Hitler's new regime, but repudiated the pledge the next day. Hitler was arrested, and while in jail, wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) and in 1932, led the Nazi party to majority control in the Reichstag (sort of like our Congress) and eventually displaced the Kaiser in 1934, setting the stage for Hitler's grand plan of genocide and world domination.

...in 1956, over the protestation of Henry Ford II, the Ford Motor Company decided to name a new automobile after Edsel Bryant Ford. Edsel was the son of founder, Henry Ford and father of Henry Ford II and was president of Ford Motor Company from 1919 until his death in 1943. The Edsel was supposed to be a whole new automobile, unlike anything else on the road, and would be a new division of Ford Motor Company to compete with the Buick and Oldsmobile lines over at GM. The design was certainly unlike anything else on the road and included new, high-tech gadgets including a push-button transmission control in the steering wheel. Unfortunately, the country went into a minor recession and the market was not ready for a new upscale brand. At the last minute, Ford decided to scrub the idea of a new division and Edsels were built on the same line with the Ford full size cars, much to the dismay of the auto workers. The product was not warmly received and was plagued with quality problems. Today, Edsel is no longer remembered as Edsel Ford, a brilliant automotive executive and designer, but as Edsel Division, a colossal business failure, right up there with New Coke.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Edsel_Citation_Convertible_1958.jpg/250px-Edsel_Citation_Convertible_1958.jpg
The 1958 Edsel was often referred to
as an Olds sucking a lemon, or worse.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Edsel_1959.jpg/250px-Edsel_1959.jpg
The 1959 Edsel was probably the best
looking of the bunch.

Television Trivia Alert! In order to promote the Edsel, Ford Motor Company invested in a television extravaganza called The Edsel Show hosted by Bing Crosby. It was broadcast on October 13 1957 and featured Frank Sinatra, Rosemary Clooney (George's mother, by the way) and Louis Armstrong. Bob Hope made an appearance on the show, ironically, it was Hope who later used the Edsel as part of his routine, calling it "...an Olds sucking a lemon." The star-studded cast assured a large audience, and it did, as The Edsel Show was one of the highest rated programs of the entire year. It was a historic event, not because of the sponsorship of Ford Motor Company, but because it was the very first CBS production to be broadcast live to the east coast from Hollywood, video taped, and played back to the west coast audience three hours later. That is no big deal today, of course, but it certainly was a big deal in 1957! The video tape of The Edsel Show recently resurfaced and is being used for research purposes. Images from the program can be seen on Kris Trexler's King Of The Road (http://www.kingoftheroad.net/) website on a special page about The Edsel Show (http://www.kingoftheroad.net/edsel/edselshow1.html) and can be seen by clicking on the link.

In fact, you can even watch the opening montage of The Edsel Show (http://www.kingoftheroad.net/edsel/edselshow2.html) by clicking on the title.

...in 2006, Donald Rumsfeld resigned as Secretary of Defense.

...in 1970, Tom Dempsey set an NFL record for the longest field goal of 63 yards, giving the hapless New Orleans Saints a last second victory over the Detroit Lions. Dempsey was born in 1947 in Milwaukee but grew up in California where he took up place kicking. He was born without a right foot or a right hand. He wore a specially designed shoe that fit over a prosthetic foot, made of wood. His critics claimed the shape of his prosthetic foot gave him an advantage over other kickers. A special rule was created, the Dempsey Rule, that states that anyone with an artificial limb has to wear conventional shoes. Dempsey's record still stands, although it was tied by Jason Elam of the Denver Broncos in 1998. It's a record that is likely to stand for a long time - according to the NFL, a new longest field goal record has only been set four times in the history of the league.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/88/Tom_dempsey.jpg
Tom Dempsey's feet.

Video: Tom Dempsey's Feat (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zrxTjgFYoU8).

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 31 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1938, a night of terror, organized destruction of homes, businesses and property, as well as beatings and murders, took place in Germany. The pogrom has become known as Kristallnacht ("Night of Broken Glass") because of the cost of the glass broken in the looting of Jewish businesses. The attacks were performed by SS storm troopers under orders from Joseph Goebbels, the Nazi minister of propaganda, with emphasis on arresting as many Jews as possible for transport to concentration camps. Reinhard Heydrich, second in command of the Gestapo, reported to Goebbels that Kristallnacht resulted in "...815 shops destroyed, 171 dwellings set on fire or destroyed, 119 synagogues were set on fire and another 76 completely destroyed. 20,000 Jews were arrested, 36 deaths were reported and those seriously injured were also numbered at 36." The damages were far beyond Hedrich's report, with 92 murdered and over 7500 shops looted. There were several cases of rape. In an incredible irony, rapists were expelled from the Nazi party and turned over to the police for prosecution, because Nazi law prohibited intercourse between Jews and Germans. Those who murdered Jews, though, were not punished because they were "following orders." Those who survived were forced to pay for the damages inflicted, and insurance companies faced bankruptcy because of the claims. To help out, the Nazis confiscated the insurance funds and returned them to the companies so they could remain solvent.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/74/1938_Interior_of_Berlin_synagogue_after_Kristallna cht.jpg
A synagogue destroyed during Kristallnacht.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Plaque_on_the_New_Synagogue.JPG/180px-Plaque_on_the_New_Synagogue.JPG
This synagogue is 100 years old
and was set ablaze on 9 November
1938 by the Nazis IN KRISTALLNACHT

During the Second World War 1939-1945
it was destroyed by 1943 bombing raids

The façade of this house of God shall
remain forever a site of remembrance

NEVER FORGET

The Jewish Community of Greater Berlin
The Directorate

...in 1960, Robert McNamara became President of Ford Motor Company. He was one of a group of 10 military intelligence and logistics officers that offered themselves to American industry to the highest bidder - the rule was all ten were hired, or no one was hired. Henry Ford II was the highest bidder. The group became known as the "Quiz Kids" because they haunted every department at Ford, asking questions about how and why certain procedures were used. The team helped turn Ford from a money loser to a money maker, and the moniker changed to the "Whiz Kids." McNamara would only serve for about two months, because in January, 1961, he was selected by President-Elect Kennedy to serve as his Secretary of Defense, where he would become a controversial figure because of the Viet Nam situation.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Robert_McNamara_official_portrait.jpg/250px-Robert_McNamara_official_portrait.jpg
Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara

...in 1975, the giant ore freighter, SS Edmund Fitzgerald departed the ore docks of Superior, Wisconsin at 2:15 PM, embarking on its 749th and final voyage. The ship would sail into infamy in the evening hours of November 10.

http://www.ssefo.com/_images/design/fitz.jpg
The SS Edmund Fitzgerald

...in 1989, the government of East Germany opened the Berlin Wall, allowing free travel between the sections of the divided city for the first time since the construction of the wall in 1961. The next day, citizens began to act out US President Ronald Reagan's plea and began to tear down the wall.

http://www.remote.org/frederik/culture/berlin/7314-3252-4641-img0003-3.jpg
The monumental occasion brought out Berliners from both
sides of the wall for days. News crews from around the world
swarmed into Berlin to document the event. This photo was
taken by Frederik Ramm (http://www.remote.org/frederik/culture/berlin/) after skipping a history test in school
to get to Berlin to witness history being made.

...in 1965, the failure of a transmission line in Ontario caused a cascade of transmission line overloads that plunged New York City and seven neighboring states into total darkness. The blackout stranded nearly 1 million commuters in subways and elevators, with thousands trapped in traffic jams that resulted from no traffic lights. All in all, 30 million people in eight states, Ontario and Quebec were effected by the blackout. An urban myth started to circulate stating that exactly nine months after the blackout, maternity wards in the eight state area reported a record number of births. The myth was debunked in 1970; there was no increase in the birth rate nine months later.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/North_America_blackout_1965.png/350px-North_America_blackout_1965.png
The affected area in dark blue.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 56 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1975, the SS Edmund Fitzgerald sank in Lake Superior, just 17 miles away from safe harbor in Whitefish Point, Michigan. All 29 men aboard perished in the sinking. The story of "The Fitz" was told by Gordon Lightfoot in his ballad, The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald. The story of the sinking was told on this site two years ago. You can view the story in this thread, November 10, 1975 - The Last Voyage of the Edmund Fitzgerald (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/november-10-1975-last-voyage-edmund-fitzgerald-28858/) which you can read by following the link.

http://www.notebookmargins.com/mike/EdFitz/fitzwreck(7).jpeg

...in 1775, during the Revolutionary War, the Continental Congress recognized that the newly commissioned US Navy needed a landing force, and chartered the Continental Marines. The bill that created the Corps was written by John Adams and, although the corps was disbanded between 1783 and 1798, this date is recognized as the birthday of the corps. The Marines have seen action all around the world as a vital part of military stragegy. During the Revolution, the Marines took a British storehouse in the Bahamas, stormed Chapultepec Palace in the Mexican-American War (From the halls of Montezuma) and against the Barbary pirates (To the shores of Tripoli.) As a branch of the Navy, the Marines are prepared to fight, and have fought, where ever needed (We will fight our country's battles, In the air, on land and sea) and have made over 300 amphibious assaults on foreign shores. The Marines have been a part of every American conflict, often the first forces to see action. (First to fight for right and freedom.) There is a level of pride maintained by Marines, and code to the corps And to keep our honor clean, We are proud to claim the title of United States Marine) and once a Marine, always a Marine. Semper fi.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/USMC_War_Memorial_Sunset_Parade_2008-07-08.jpg/300px-USMC_War_Memorial_Sunset_Parade_2008-07-08.jpg
Sunset parade at the Marine Corps Memorial
in Arlington, Virginia. The statue is a depiction
of Joe Rosenthal's famous photo of the flag
raising over Iwo Jima, featuring Marines Michael Strank,
Harlon Block, Franklin Sousley, Rene Gagnon, Ira Hayes
and Navy corpsman, John Bradley.
Photo by Keytone 16.

Hear the Marines Hymn (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qh-WT_hGztU&NR=1) on YouTube.

...in 1928, the first installment of Erich Maria Remarque's cutting-edge novel of World War I, All Quiet On The Western Front was published in the German magazine Vossische Zeitung. Remarque enlisted in the German army at the age of 18 and was sent to fight in the trenches of the Western Front of the war, where he was wounded five times. He worked in numerous jobs, teacher, stonecutter, journalist and even an automobile test driver, all while working on his novel. The German title of the book, Im Western Nichts Neues (literally, In the West, Nothing New) a disillusioned young soldier goes to fight in the trenches and loses half of his company. The book was translated into twenty languages and was made into a Hollywood movie in 1930. It was not without its critics, most notably the leaders of the Nazi party, and Remarque was stripped of his citizenship when they came to power. All Quiet On The Western Front was one of the first "degenerate books" to be publically burned by the Nazis, who claimed he was really of Jewish descent, pointing out that his name was really "Kramer." (That's the German spelling of his name, Remark, backwards.) Remarque emmigrated to the United States where he was a consort to Marlene Dietrich. He married actress, Paulette Goddard in 1958 and moved to Switzerland, where he died in 1970. His last book, The Night In Lisbon (1962) was about the plight of World War II refugees and a condemnation of Hitler's attempt to exterminate the Jews on behalf of the Master Race.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/76/AllQuietOnTheWesternFront.jpg/200px-AllQuietOnTheWesternFront.jpg
All Quiet On The Western Front
is still recognized as one of the best
anti-war stories ever written.

...in 1969, the Children's Television Workshop, including Jim Henson, went on the air with Sesame Street. It is estimated that over 74 million Americans have been educated by Sesame Street, although critics claim, and perhaps with some validity, that the short, staccato and entertaining segments have reduced American attention spans.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Bert_and_Ernie.JPG/350px-Bert_and_Ernie.JPG
Bert & Ernie were the only Muppets to appear in the
pilot of Sesame Street, and the only ones that tested
well with the test audience of parents. Because of their
success in the pilot, it was decided to make The Muppets
the stars of the show, and to interact with humans.

...in 1928, legendary coach Knute Rockne, made the most famous halftime speech in history, when he reminded the Fighting Irish about teammate, George Gipp, and asked the team to "...win one for the Gipper." The Irish went on to defeat Army, 12-6.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/99/George-gipp.jpg
George Gipp (1895 - 1920)
Gipp was one of the most
versatile men to play the game. He was
Notre Dame's first All-American. Gipp
died of streptococcal throat infection just
days after leading Notre Dame to a victory
over Northwestern.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 55 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1918, the War to End All Wars concluded on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month. At 5 AM, the Germans signed the armistice agreement with the Allies, in a railroad car, located in Compiégne, France. (In 1941, in symbolic revenge, Adolph Hitler would have France sign a treaty of capitualtion in the same railroad car) World War I was called the War to End All Wars because of the great death toll - nine million soldiers dead, 21 million wounded and at least five million civilians perished because of collateral damage, disease, starvation or exposure. The Russian army was so badly organized that it suffered heavy losses to the Germans, one of the events that had led to the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. The war was settled by the Treaty of Versailles, that laid heavy punitive damages on Germany. Teh treaty caused Germany to teeter on the brink of collapse. The treaty was one of the causes of the Great Depression but more importantly, it created hardships in Germany that opened the door to the Nazi takeover, facilitating Hitler's rise to power and World War II.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Armisticetrain.jpg/180px-Armisticetrain.jpg
The Armistice was signed on
this private railroad car. In 1941,
in mock retribution, Adolph Hitler
forced France to capitulate in
this same car.

...in 1921, on the day that was then known as Armistice Day (for the armistice that ended WW I) the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier was dedicated at Arlington National Cemetery. In a ceremony attended by President Harding and dignitaries representing the military and foreign powers, an unknown soldier was placed in the tomb. His remains were placed on top of a two inch layer of French soil that had been brought in so he would "...forever rest upon the earth on which he died." The tomb is guarded 24 hours by a special military detail, as it has been every second. every minute and every hour of every day, since 1937. Armistice Day would become Veterans' Day in 1954, when President Eisenhower signed the bill that established Veterans' Day as a national holiday.

Follow this link: Tomb of the Unknowns Honor Guard (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-XiuZRb_4UU) for s stirring piece about the honor guard, and an interview with one of the guards.

...in 1620, a group of English separatists, that had landed at New Plymouth in what is now Massachusetts, signed a document that would be the basis of our American government and provide the inspiration for many of the documents written by the founding fathers. Called The Mayflower Compact, the Compact determined what and who would be the authority of the colony. It also stated that the colony would be free of British law.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Mayflower_Compact_Bradford.jpg/335px-Mayflower_Compact_Bradford.jpg
This Page from William Bradford's Of Plimoth Plantation
is his transcript of the Mayflower Compact


...in 1938, Kate Smith sang Go Bless America for the first time, on a radio broadcast that honored the 20th anniversary of the end of World War I. The song was written by Irving Berlin, a Russian immigrant, who was a prolific songwriter including many of America's favorite tunes. During the first war, Berlin wrote several numbers for an army camp show, called Yip. Yip, Yahank in honor of the camp's name, Yahank. The song was dismissed by the director as "too jingoistic" so Berlin put it away, until Kate Smith's producer came to Berlin, asking him for a patriotic song for her to sing. The song swept the nation, the lyrics were entered into the Congressional Record, and Kate Smith, by popular demand, sang the song on every one of her shows until December 1940, when a ban on broadcast of all ASCAP songs took effect. In 1943, Warner Brothers made a film called This Is The Army and Berlin insisted that Kate Smith be in the film to reproduce the first time she sang the anthem. She did, including a seldom heard verse and that clip is the one often played today. An interesting sidebar to this story is that in 1940, Irving Berlin established the God Bless America Foundation, which controls the royalties from every performance of the song. Those royalties all go to the Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts of America.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Kate_Smith.jpg/220px-Kate_Smith.jpg
Kate Smith, ca. 1935. Click the link to
hear her sing God Bless America (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pCavKL2zdjM&feature=related).

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 50 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1927, the Holland Tunnel opened between New York City and Jersey City, New Jersey. On that first day, 20,000 people walked the 9,250 foot length of the tunnel below the Hudson River. The next day, the tunnel opened to vehicular traffic. The tunnel was made possible by an engineer named Clifford Milburn Holland who resolved the problem of keeping the air fresh in the tunnel. His cutting edge power ventilation system changed the air 30 times per hour, moving 3 million cubic feet of air per minute. 71 years later, the Holland Tunnel is still a vital link between Manhattan and New Jersey, and it carries the Lincoln Highway on the beginning of its journey to San Francisco. (That's right - the Lincoln Tunnel does not carry the Lincoln Highway - go figure.) The Holland Tunnel carries over 34 million vehicles each year. At eight bucks a car, that's $272,000,000.00 per year in income for the port authority.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Holland_tunnel.jpg/250px-Holland_tunnel.jpg
Westbound tube, from Manhattan to
Jersey City, New Jersey.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Cmholland.jpg
Clifford Milburn Holland (1883 - 1924)
The chief engineer of the project died
before the tunnel was completed. It was
named in his honor.

...in 1864, the destruction of Atlanta began, under the orders of Union General William T. Sherman. Sherman's army had swept through the south, but being so deep into enemy territory, his army relied on a supply line that stretched all the way back to Nashville. The Army of Tennessee had been defeated but enough of it was intact to harass Sherman, and commander John Bell Hood was determined to interrupt the supply line. Sherman split his army in two, sending half of it back toward Nashville to take care of Hood and to protect the vital supply line. Sherman ordered the destruction of downtown Atlanta, and the industrial areas, to prevent the Confederates from salvaging anything usable as materiél after the Union abandoned the city. Estimates said nearly 40% of Atlanta was destroyed by Sherman, who used the same scorched earth policy all the way to Savannah.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/atlanta-burning.jpg
This woodcut from the January 7, 1865 issue Harper's Weekly illustrates Sherman's army
destroying anything in Atlanta that would be usable by the Confederate army.

...in 1892, the seeds of today's National Football League were sewn when William "Pudge" Heffelfinger became the first professional football player. The Allegheny Athletic Association, in Pittsburgh, paid him $500 to play in a game against the rival Pittsburgh Athletic Club. The following week, the AAA paid another player and in the following years, more and more players began to accept payments to play the game. The National Football League would form in 1919 but not assume the name until 1922.

http://static.nfl.com/static/site/img/history/chronology/pudge_heffelfinger.jpg
Pudge Heffelfinger,
the first pro footballer.

...in 1954, after decades as America's front door, Ellis Island closed. Between 1892, and and 1954, Ellis Island processed approximately 12 million immigrants and today, it is estimated that 40% of Americans can trace their ancestry through Ellis Island, that was named for the original owner, Samual Ellis. First and second class passengers usually just went through customs, but third class and lower disembarked to Ellis Island. The facility went through a $160 million restoration and today, the Ellis Island Immigration Museum welcomes over 2 million guests per year.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/20060927120648.jpg
Ellis Island Main Building

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 64 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1956, the Supreme Court declared that the Alabama segregation rules for busses was unconstitutional.

...in 1939, the first Willys-Overland Jeep prototype was completed and sent to the War Department for approval. The original design, requested by the army, was submitted by American Bantam Car Company, but the company was too small for the production requirements, so Willy-Overland recieved the contract to built the versatile, 4-wheel drive, "go-anywhere" vehicle. Once the war began, Ford was also assigned a contract to build the Jeep, and Ford improved the design. No one is sure where the name "Jeep" came from, whether it was taken from the army's G.P. (General Purpose) designation or from the name of a character in the Popeye cartoons, Eugene the Jeep, but where ever it came from, the name stuck. At the end of the way, Willys began selling a civilian version of the jeep, the CJ-2A which is the great-grandfather of your SUV.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Wiki_jeep_1.jpg
A restored 1945 Jeep.

...in 1940, Walt Disney premiered a new animated feature film, one with no plot, entitled Fantasia. The film is comprised of several segments, set to classical music, with images created by the animation staff that were inspired by the musical themes. Favorite segments include mythical creatures enjoying a day in the country to Beethoven's Sixth Symphony, ostriches, hippopotami and crocodiles (wearing tutus) dancing ballet to the Dance of the Hours and Mickey Mouse as The Sorcerer's Apprentice.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/fantasia.gif
The boss wasn't very happy when he found out
his apprentice was using his hat and best magic.
This is the enduring image of Fantasia.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Image10.jpg
The Greek mythology scene, set to Beethoven's Sixth Symphony
(The Pastoral) is about my favorite sequence of the film.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Fantasia---Disney---1940---1-725414.jpg
Walt Disney said, "Fantasia is timeless. It may run ten, twenty, thirty years. Fantasia is an
idea in itself. I can never build another. I can improve. I can elaborate. That is all."

...in 1943, the five Sullivan brothers, from Waterloo, Iowa, were serving together aboard the USS Juneau during the battle for Guadalcanal. The Juneau took a torpedo from a Japanese submarine but did not sink, and withdrew from the battle. Later that day, the Juneau was part of a group that sailed for a navy base on Espiritu Santo to make repairs. The Japanese submarine, I-26, put a torpedo into the Juneau that must have struck the ammunition hold. It exploded and went down almost immediately. All five Sullivan brothers, George, Francis, Joseph, Madison and Albert, perished in the sinking. There was a movie made about the affair, entitled The Sullivans (later renamed The Fighting Sullivans) and two navy ships have been named The Sullivans in their honor. There is also a museum wing dedicated to them in their hometown of Waterloo.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Sullivanbrothers.jpg/180px-Sullivanbrothers.jpg
The Fighting Sullivans aboard the Juneau.
L to R, Joe, Frank, Al, Matt and George

...in 1982, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial was dedicated in Washington, D.C. after a march by thousands of veterans of the conflict. The memorial is a simple, V-shaped, black granite wall, designed by architect Maya Lin, and is inscribed with the names of the 58,256 Americans who perished in the war. The names are arranged in order of death, not alphabetically or by rank, as most memorials are. It is one of the most visited memorials in Washington, and a smaller, portable wall is transported around the country for those who cannot travel to Washington to see the memorial. "It's the parade we never got," says one veteran. I know some of the names on that wall, and just looking at photos of it sets me off. It is a stirring memorial, beautiful in its simplicity. You can visit a website called footnote Interactive Vietnam Veterans Memorial (http://go.footnote.com/thewall/) to search for any name on the wall, see the image of the name, and details of their record.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/BillStroud.jpg
Your memory is always with me, Bill. Rest In Peace.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Vietnam_veterans_wall_satellite_image.jpg
Aerial view of the memorial, showing the V shape.

That's it. That's all we know as of 1:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 77 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1969, the second manned mission to the moon, Apollo 12 was launched at Cape Canaveral with Richard Nixon in attendence. President Nixon was the first President to attend a space launch. There was a potential problem when 36 seconds into the mission, lightning struck the vehicle, tripping all the breakers in the command module. The Saturn V continued normally, however, each stage firing on schedule and power was soon restored to the command module. The landing module, Intrepid landed where planned, and Charles Conrad, Jr. and Alan L. Bean became the second men to set foot on Earth's only satillite. In two lunar walks, the astronauts performed the usual experiments and collection of rocks, but they also inverstigated Surveyor 3, a probe that landed on the lunar surface in 1967. Not only was the lunar landing on the Ocean of Storms precise, Apollo 12 splashed down just three miles from the retrieval ship, the USS Hornet.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Apollo12Visor.jpg/600px-Apollo12Visor.jpg
Alan Bean pictured by Pete Conrad, seen in the reflection from Bean's face shield. (NASA Photo.)

...in 1914, the first Dodge was built and tested on the streets of Detroit. "Old Betsy" was the project of John and Horace Dodge, owners of a machine shop that made axles, precision parts, engines and transmissions for Ransom E. Olds and Henry Ford. In fact, the Dodge Brothers were investors in the Ford Motor Company from the beginning. By 1919, the Dodge brothers, after selling their stock in Ford and building Dodge automobiles, the brothers were two of the wealthiest men in Detroit. The brothers died relatively young, and the Dodge family had little interest in the automobile business and sold the entire operation to Walter P. Chrysler. Dodge was a formidable competitor to Ford and Chevrolet, and remains so today.

http://i.cnn.net/money/galleries/2007/autos/0705/gallery.chrysler_history/images/1914_first_dg.jpg
A 1914 Dodge Brothers Touring

...in 1882, a gunslinger named Franklin Leslie shot and killed a man known as Billy "The Kid" Claiborne in Tombstone, Arizona. (After William "Billy the Kid" Bonney died, Claiborne demanded to be called "Billy the Kid.") Claiborne was one of the survivors of the famous "Gunfight at the OK Corral" (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-october-26-2009-a-56975/#post692911) as a member of the Clanton gang. Claiborne was also a comrade of John Ringo, who died of a gunshot wound to the head, The Earp Brothers ruled it a suicide, but Claiborne was convinced the shooter was Frank Leslie and called him out, a fatal mistake. Leslie continued a life of violence, served time for murdering a Tombstone prostitute, then went to the gold fields in the Klondike and faded from history.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/BuckskinFrankLeslie-275.jpg
Franlin Leslie. Wyatt Earp said, "Leslie
was the only man who could compare to
Doc Holliday's blinding speed and accuracy
with a six-gun."

...in 1945, Tony Hulman approached Eddie Rickenbacker and purchased the Indianapolis Motor Speedway for $750,000.00. Hulman was a racing enthusiast and his family was prominent in Terre Haute, known primarily as the makers of Clabber Girl Baking Powder. The Indianapolis Speedway, built in 1910 by entrepreneur Carl Fisher, had been owned by World War I flying ace and auto racer, "Fast Eddie" Rickenbacker since 1927. (Rickenbacker built the infield golf course in 1929.) The track was in awful shape after not being used during the war years. Hulman built new stands and prepared the track for the 1946 Indianapolis 500. Until his death in 1977, Hulman started each race with the famous phrase, "Gentlemen, start your engines," which he rehearsed over and over, every year, leading up to the race. His grandson manages the facility today.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/trackdeterioration1-1024.jpg
The track was in awful shape in 1945 after disuse during WWII. Grass had pushed up through the
track and the "jungle" was so overgrown in the infield that locals had hunted rabbit. It was a popular
belief the track would be torn up and subdivided after the war, but Tony Hulman bought the track,
cleaned it up, built new grandstands and the track hosted the 1946 Indianapolis 500. Note the tree at
the end of turn #4 - not exactly a good place for a tree with 33 cars coming at it at very high speeds!

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 44 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1977, the 100,000,000 US Built Ford was produced at the Mahwah, New York, assembly plant. The vehicle was a 1978 Fairmont, not exactly a memorable or strikingly designed automobile, but a solid-value car that sold quite well before being discontinued at the end of the 1983 model year. (The car is reportedly on display at the National Parts Depot Museum in Ocala, Florida.)

...in 1777, the Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union. It would take until 1781 for the last of the 13 states (Maryland) to ratify the document. It made a loose confederation of states, with each state having one vote in congress. The government had the authority to levy taxes, conduct foreign affairs and maintain a military, but little else. In 1787, the second overthrow of a government occured as the Congress met in secret to forge the document that would formally create the United States of America. The modern Constitution would take effect on March 2, 1781, allowing the people to decide what their government would be.

...in 1806, Lieutenant Zebulan Pike approached the foothills of the Colorado Rockies and spotted the mountain that would forever bear his name. He was exploring the Louisiana Purchase before Lewis & Clark had returned from their expedition. He was a military man, not an explorer, and a self-educated man who spoke three languages and had more than a fundamental knowledge of math and science. Pike strayed across the Spanish border and was arrested by Spanish soldiers. They hauled him to Santa Fe - a wonderful scouting mission of a strategically important area, provided by the Spanish army itself. Pike was promoted to the level of Brigadier General during the War of 1812, but died in 1813 during the assault of Toronto.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Zebulon_Pike.jpg
Colonel Zebulon Pike, Jr.

...in 1867, the first stock ticker went online at the New York Stock Exchange. The device was invented by Edward A. Calahan of the American Telegraph Company. He configured a telegraph machine to print stock quotes on a paper tape, and the device caught on quickly. It got its name from the sound it made as it printed. Thomas Edison improved the system in 1869, making it easier to read and use. Edison's patent made him enough money to fund his Menlo Park laboratory where he invented the light bulb and phonograph. The last ticker was installed in 1960. From then on, all stock quotes became and remain computerized, but are still referred to as, "tickers."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Edison_Stock_Telegraph_Ticker.jpg/180px-Edison_Stock_Telegraph_Ticker.jpg
Edison's Gold & Stock Ticker

...in 1969, Dave Thomas realized his lifelong dream and opened his own restaurant in Dublin, just outside Columbus, Ohio. He named the restaurant after his youngest daughter, the first of nearly 7,000 Wendy's opened.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/56/Wendy%27s_logo.svg/180px-Wendy%27s_logo.svg.png

Thomas was raised by adoptive parents, but his mother died when he was young. His father moved around a lot, following jobs. He enjoyed dining out with his father, usually at diners that served hamburgers and malts. Family was very important to Dave, and he decided his destiny lay in the food service industry. He observed various restaurants and came to understand what diners were looking for. It is said he was an expert on restaurants by the time he was nine. The idea for his ideal restaurant came from him observing families interact at a family restaurant in Kalamazoo, Michigan. When his father moved to Fort Wayne, Indiana, he went to work at the Hobby House, but when his father moved, he stayed behind, dropped out of high school and worked full time at the restaurant. He joined the army during the Korean War and requested the Cooks' and Baker's School. As a mess sergeant in Germany, he was responsible for feeding 2,000 soldiers daily, one more experience to move him towards his goal of being in the food service business. His big break came at the Hobby House Restaurant back in Fort Wayne. The owner offered him the deal of a lifetime in 1962 - a chance to take four Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurants, that were losers, and turn them around, in exchange for 45% ownership. Thomas streamlined the menu, advertised and turned the money losers into money makers. He made millions when the units were sold. He never graduated from high school ("My biggest mistake," he once said) but did obtain a GED in his adult life. In 1992, he founded the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption. Dave Thomas died on January 8, 2002 after a long battle with cancer.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/IM004261.jpg
I don't have a photo of Wendy's #1 in Dublin, but I do have
this photo of the oldest Wendy's in Indianapolis. If you happen to
live there, you'll find this restaurant on Keystone Avenue.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/HobbyHouseShrine.jpg
This Wendy's location, in Fort Wayne, Indiana, is on the site of the old Hobby House Restaurant,
where Dave got his start. This wall in the dining room commemorates the events that led to the
founding of Wendy's and gives highlights of Dave's career.

https://e-folio.web.virginia.edu/E-folio-Archive2/1/EDIS542/2004Fall-1/cs/UserItems/Resources/cng9r_davethomas.jpg

At the age of 15, before he dropped out of high
school, Dave wrote an essay entitled The
Pursuit of Happiness. "When I was eight years
old, I dreamed that I would one day own the
best restaurant in the world. My restaurant
would serve great tasting hamburgers made
just the way you like them, and all of the
customers would love the food and come back
again and again and again."
Words for any entrepreneur to take to heart!

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 26 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1907, Oklahoma entered the Union as the 46th State. It was unique because the new state included constitutions by Oklahoma territory and Indian territory. The name Oklahoma is derived from the Choctaw words okla meaning "people" and homa meaning "red" and has had human habitation for many thousands of years. In "modern" history, the Spanish were the first Europeans to visit the land, followed by the French, and both struggled for control. The United States bought the area from France in 1803 as part of the Louisiana Purchase, and after the War of 1812, eastern Native Americans were relocated there. Cherokees who refused to move were forced by the army in what has become known as the Trail of Tears. Most tribes sided with the rebellion during the Civil War, and afterwards, many whites illegally occupied the Indian lands. Finally, at noon on April 22, 1889, the lands were opened to settlers in the Oklahoma Land Rush. Settlers who had moved in early to stake their claims were known as Sooners, and the name stuck. When the territory became a state in 1907, both sooners and Indians became American citizens. During the drought years of the 1930's, Oklahoma was the heart of the Dust Bowl and many Okies fled to California to seek employment. Oil production returned Oklahoma to prosperity and today, Oklahoma remains a vital link in the American economy.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/2652527.jpg
The Oklahoma Land Rush began on April 22, 1889. Those who were
early into the area were known as "Sooners" and Oklahoma is still known
as "The Sooner State."

...in 1901, A.C. Bostwick became the first American to exceed the speed of a mile-a-minute. His 63.3. mph record was set on the straightaway on the Ocean Parkway Racetrack in Brooklyn. It is a record that Brooklyn cab drivers are still attempting to break on a daily basis in Brooklyn.

...in 1957, Ed Gein murdered Bernice Worden, who owned a hardware store in Plainfield, Wisconsin. Gein, who you learned about in the Morning Update of July 26 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-july-26-2008-a-41407/), was a weird guy who has been called America's First Serial Killer, although only two murders can actually be pinned on him. He was a grave robber, necrophiliac and all around bizarre character who made furniture out of human body parts. Bernice Worden, the mother of a Sheriff Deputy who was on the scene, was found in Gein's shed, dressed out like a deer. Gein was the inspiration for Norman Bates in Robert Bloch's novel (later a memorable Alfred Hitchcock film) Psycho and the inspiration for Buffalo Bill in Silence of the Lambs. He was the inspiration for several more slasher movies, most notably the Texas Chainsaw Massacre franchise.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/44/Edgein.jpg
Ed Gein died in 1984, a lifetime guest
of the State of Wisconsin penal system.

...in 1973, President Richard Milhouse Nixon, over the protests of environmentalists, signed into law the creation of the Alyeska Pipeline. It has carried over 15 billion barrels of oil over 800 miles from the North Slope to the oil docks at Valdez, Alaska. The pipeline is built mostly above-ground to avoid melting the permafrost tundra, and is built with environmental issues designed into it, to protect the pipeline and environment from earthquakes, expansion and contraction from heat and cold, and it is bullet-resistant. It is monitored closely, one method is a device known as a "Pipeline Inspection Gauge" (PIG) that floats inside the line with the oil, sampling data. There have been several small leaks, of less than 7 barrels but the only major environmental impact of pipeline damages were man-made. In 1978, an explosion caused by eco-terrorists caused a leak of 16,000 barrels and in 2001, a troublemaker shot a rifle into a weld near Livengood, Alaska, causing a leak of about 6,000 barrels. Daniel Carson Lewis, with a reputation for being a screw-up in the town of 30 people, was subsequently arrested, fined $10,000 and sentenced to 10 years in federal lock-up.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Trans_alaska_international.jpg/250px-Trans_alaska_international.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Alaska_Pipeline_and_caribou.jpg/250px-Alaska_Pipeline_and_caribou.jpg
The pipeline travels 800 miles over rugged terrain, while this caribou seems
rather unimpacted by the whole thing. Caribou tend to gather below the
pipeline, probably to enjoy the radiated warmth.

...in 1945, the United States welcomed 88 German scientists to America to work on rocket technology. The move was cloak and dagger, since the men had been working on the frighteningly successful V-1 and V-2 rockets that bombarded London during the war. Many Americans, still filled with hate for the Germans, questioned the morality of bringing the former enemies to American soil, but the government knew that a former ally, the USSR, was doing the same thing, scouring the country for German engineers and scientists who could aid them in what would soon escalate into the Cold War. The new rocket program was initially secreted away in Texas, but moved to the Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama, where a facility was built that would eventually become NASA.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Project_Paperclip_Team_at_Fort_Bliss.jpg/800px-Project_Paperclip_Team_at_Fort_Bliss.jpg
Dr. von Braun's team at Fort Bliss, Texas. Dr. von Braun is 7th from the right in the front row.

...in 1941, speaking of Germans, Joseph Goebbels published his decree of hate in the German magazine Das Reich that claimed "The Jews wanted the war, and now they have it." It was all part of a carefully executed strategy of propaganda to rationalize the "Final Solution," that is, the systematic extermination of Jews in Europe. Goebbels, Heinrich Himmler and the rest of Hitler's madmen carried out the steps of the Final Solution with a fanaticism that is sickening to normal humans. The entire extermination pogrom was based on a forged document that claims all international banking was controled by the Jews - a myth that persists with anti-semetics to this day - and that the entire war was simply a profit motive for those bankers. Goebbels wrote that "...the prophecy which the Fuhrer made, that should international finance Jewry succeed in plunging the nations into a world war once again, the result would not be the Bolshevization of the world...but the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe. We are in the midst of that process.... Compassion or regret are entirely out of place here."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-0821-502%2C_Joseph_Goebbels.jpg/225px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-0821-502%2C_Joseph_Goebbels.jpg
Paul Joseph Goebbels (1897-1945)

...in 1937, Sadie Hawkins Day was introduced by Al Kapp in his popular comic strip, Li'l Abner. Sadie was the daughter of one of the earliest settlers in Dogpatch, USA, one Hekzebiah Hawkins. Since Sadie was the "homliest gal in all them hills" and Hekzebiah was tired of his 35 year old "dotter" living at home, he called all the bachelors of Dogpatch together for a race - whichever bachelor Sadie caught would have to marry her. The other spinsters in Dogpatch thought that was a grand idea, and joined in the race. The rule was that the race continued until sundown. The event spurred a number of turnabout events in colleges and high schools around the country and Sadie Hawkins Day is still celebrated to this day, usually on the Saturday after November 9th.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2e/Sadie_Hawkins_Day.png/800px-Sadie_Hawkins_Day.png
Although it started out as a one-shot gag, Kapp received so many letters in support of Sadie Hawkins Day
that he agreed to make it an annual event, which he did, over the four decades that the strip ran.
(Li'l Abner is copyrighted by the Kapp Estate and this episode is used here under the "fair use provision" of the copyright law,
only for educational and non-commerical use.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 42 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1421, a storm on the North Sea battered the coast of Europe and over a course of several days, about 10,000 people died in what is now called The Netherlands. An area known as Grote Waard lies below sea level, and residents constructed levees and dykes to keep the sea out, and each time they failed, the people rebuilt them. Nothing could disuade them from living in the ecological vulnerable area. After this flood, however, when the city of Dort was destroyed and 20 whole villages were washed away, the dikes were not rebuilt until 1500, leaving most of Zeeland and Holland under water for decades. The town of Dordrecht remains on an island, separated from the mainland by the great flood of 1421.

http://www.bugbog.com/images/galleries/netherlands_pictures/dyke_netherlands.jpg
The Netherlands (Nederland) literally means "low lands" because most of
Holland lies below sea level. A complex system of dikes keeps the North Sea
out of The Netherlands.

...in 1558, Elizabeth, 25 year old half sister of Queen Mary I, ascended to the throne of England and Ireland, begining the Elizabethan Era. She was known as the Virgin Queen for not allowing marriage to jeopardize her rule. Elizabeth strengthened British relationships with Protestand allies, and her reign was not recognized by the Pope. Spain, the most powerful nation in Europe at the time, planned an invasion of England that was aborted with the defeat of the Spanish Armada. The defeat of the Armada strengthened England's position of the seas, and prompted Elizabeth to promote explorers, such as Drake's circumnavigation of the globe and Sir Walter Raleigh's exploration of the New World. ("Virginia" was named in her honor.) When she died in 1603, England had become a world power and Elizabeth would pass into history as one the greatest English monarchs.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Darnley_stage_3.jpg/210px-Darnley_stage_3.jpg
Elizabeth I (1533 - 1603)

...in 1869, the Suez Canal opened, providing a sea route between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. It was only 25 feet deep when it opened, and only 500 ships used the canal its first year. It has been a political pawn several times in its history, but has remained open since 1975 and carries about 50 ships per day. With a toll of about $250,000.00 per ship, the Suez Canal Authority rakes in a little better than $5 billion per year. Because it does not have locks, the canal can carry larger ships than its main competitor, the Panama Canal.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/SuezCanal-EO.JPG/180px-SuezCanal-EO.JPG
The Suez Canal as seen from space.

...in 1968, one of the most exciting finishes to a football game occured when the Oakland Raiders scored two touchdowns in nine seconds to defeat the New York Jets, 43-32. The trouble was that unless you were in the Oakland Coliseum, you didn't see it, because NBC cut away from the game with 65 seconds left to play in order to air a made-for-television version of Heidi, the classic tale of a young girl raised by her grandfather in the Alps. Known forever as the "Heidi Bowl" it was one of the all-time classic games. The decision to air Heidi at its scheduled time, rather than delay it if the game went long, had been made weeks before as NBC was sure it would be a rating winner for the November sweeps. Instead, the NBC switchboard melted down and blew up as thousands of irate callers wanted to express their views. Undeterred, they tied up the lines at the phone company, the New York Times and the NYPD. The lesson was painfully learned: never, ever, under any circumstances, cut away from the end of a National Football League game.

Here is a short film about the controversy (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJAn3cTMXW8) including the director of Heidi feeling smug about the movie that caused a furor across the nation.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 52 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1978, members of the People's Temple, lead by Jim Jones, committed mass suicide at their commune in Guyana, by drinking cynanide-laced Kool-Aid. The few members of the cult who refused to drink the potion were either forced to do so at gunpoint or they were shot as they fled. When it was over, 913 people perished, including 276 children. One cult member did escape and alerted authorities, but by the time Guyanese troops arrived, the only survivors were a few who managed to hide in the jungle. To this day, the phrase "drinking the Kool-Aid" refers to people who mindlessly follow a charismatic leader, like Jim Jones was.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/01-jones-jim.jpg/150px-01-jones-jim.jpg
James Warren Jones (1931 - 1978)

...in 1960, Chrysler Corporation announces that production of the De Soto line will be cut back, to eventually be ended. The DeSoto was a rousing success in 1928 when it was introduced by Walter P. Chrysler, the six-cylinder engine promised success, and many dealers signed up. In the 1930's, the DeSoto was flamboyant, including one of the famous Chrysler Airflow designs, the first aerodynamically designed automobiles. The designs were scaled back just before the war, and the DeSoto was a most popular vehicle at the end of the war. In the 1950's, the DeSoto became flamboyant again, with the Firesweep, Firedome and Fireflite, but the public was not enamored with the huge fins and overly futuristic designs. Sales fell off, and the 1961 DeSoto was less than exciting, so the 33 year run came to an end.

http://oldcarandtruckpictures.com/Chrysler/1957_DeSoto_FireFlite_Sedan_Black_Tail_Light.jpg
It's DeLightful, it's DeLovely, it's DeSoto!

...in 1928, a cartoon by Walt Disney, entitled Steamboat Willie premiered. It was the first fully synchronized (sound and animation) cartoon made. Of more significance was the star of the cartoon, Mortimer Mouse. Disney provided the squeaky voice for his hero and, luckilly, Disney had the good sense, under presure from his wife Lorraine, to change the name from Mortimer to Mickey.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Steamboat-willie.jpg/180px-Steamboat-willie.jpg
Mickey Mouse in Steamboat Willie, in 1928.

...in 1883, at exactly noon, the railroads of Canada and the United States implemented a system of standard time, which included carving the continent up into four distinct time zones. Prior to this date, time was determined by localities, with "high noon" being the moment that the sun was highest in the sky. It was a scheduling nightmare. Rather than appeal to the government, which would (pardon the expression) take too much time, and as always with the government, no guarantee of the correct outcome, the railroads designed a time system. It resembled a standard time model that went into use in England in 1840. The time zones determined by the railroads are not much different from the time zones in use today. The system was widely embraced, but it was not until 1918 that Congress would get around to making time zones the law of the land.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Model_A/IM000994.jpg
"Meet me under the clock at Union Station!" This 6' tall clock has told travelers the
correct Central Time while it has also been the meeting place for unknown millions
of people in Kansas City's Union Station.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, Eastern Standard Time.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Do you regularly just read the pop-up of this daily thread without really opening it? You are missing out on a great deal of information on a daily basis. Today is the day your should open this thread, and be sure to read the last entry because it is important to every American. Meanwhile, there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 55 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1907, the man who created Shane was born in Cleveland, Ohio. Jack Schaefer's first novel featured lead character, Shane, who was a prototypical western hero. Like Owen Wister's The Virginian, published in 1902, the lead the heroes were strong and independent cowboys. While Wister's hero was more comfortable with his horse than people, Shane was the high plains drifter with a hidden past, the noble knight on his trusty steed, roaming the lawless frontier to right wrongs and punish the powers of evil. The 1953 film, made just four years after Shane was published, starred Alan Ladd as Shane and Brandon De Wilde as Joey Starrett, the young boy who worshiped him. Both The Virginian and Shane were the prototypes of the ideal cowboy character. Schaefer became a full-time writer after the publication of Shane although none of his other works were every as popular. He died in 1991 in Santa Fe, New Mexico.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/lore147.jpg http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/03shan1.jpg
Jack Schaefer, creator of...Shane, the knight-errant played by Alan Ladd in 1953.

...in 1915, a dramatic World War I rescue took place in Europe. When you think of flying heroes of World War I, you probably think of the Red Baron, but in England, the memory is of Richard Bell-Davies, a fighter pilot who went on to become a Vice Admiral in the navy. While flying a bombing run over Bulgaria, his wing man (Gilbert Formby Smylie) took anti-aircraft fire and was forced to land. He had successfully dropped all of his bombs but one. He saw enemy troops approaching, and set fire to his plane to keep it from being captured. When he saw Bell-Davies landing, he turned and fired his sidearm into the bomb, successfully exploding it to prevent it from exploding when Bell-Davies landed. Smylie jumped aboard and Dell-Davies took off under fire, but made it safely behind British lines. Bell-Davies was awarded the Victoria Cross and Smylie was also recognized for his quick thinking and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Richard_Bell-Davies_VC_IWM_Q_69475.jpg
Richard Bell-Daviews

...in 1954, the first automated (hehehe) toll collector went into service on the Garden State Parkway in New Jersey. Prior to the "robot-like units" collecting tolls, the toll authority had placed several "honor system" toll booths where a mesh funnel guided coins into a collector with no method of accounting. Honor system tolls were about 70% paid, but the toll authority was still ahead of the game as a 70% payment rate was still more profitable than paying more attendants. A PR booklet said "While the automatic collectors were adopted in the interest of economy as well as increased efficiency and convenience, no toll attendant has ever lost his job on the Parkway because of the machines." The idea of a toll road was nothing new, in the American Colonies, privately built roads collected tolls. Operators used a long pole, known as a "pike," that was hinged to block the way and swing, or "turn," up after a toll was paid. The toll roads became known as "turnpikes."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Garden_State_Parkway_Toll_booth.jpg
An early Garden State Parkway toll plaza.

...in 1863, President Abraham Lincoln stood at the consecration of a military cemetery located at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and delivered one of the shortest, but most eloquent, speeches in Presidential history. Those in attendance had to suffer through a two hour keynote speech by a long-ago forgotten Massachusetts Senator. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address was only 271 words in length and probably took only a few minutes to be heard. At the time, it was hailed or hated, depending on which party you belonged to. Lincoln called it a "flat failure" but he was wrong, as today, it is recognized for its brilliance of construction and depth of meaning, along with the important message packed into those few words. Up until a couple of generations ago, American students were charged to memorize the speech, but today, sadly, the importance of Lincoln's words is lost somehow. Lincoln captured the very essence of America in those few words, from the stirring opening of "Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal"...referencing the Declaration of Independence, to the closing lines, "...that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom— and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ac/Gettysburg.haydraft.jpg/372px-Gettysburg.haydraft.jpg
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on
this continent a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to
the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that
nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated, can long
endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have
come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place
for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It
is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate...we can not consecrate...
we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead,
who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to
add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say
here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living,
rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who
fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be
here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these
honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they
gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that
these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall
have a new birth of freedom—and that government: of the people, by
the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.


That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we had 61 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1962, President John F. Kennedy announced the end of the blockade of Cuba. The naval blockade had been implemented when offensive nuclear weapons had been discovered in Cuba, seen in photographs taken over Cuba by U-2 spy planes. The end of the blockade was the last real action of the missile crisis.

...in 1982, the most improbable finish to a college football game took place at Stanford, between the Stanford Cardinal and Cal Golden Bears. Stanford quarterback, John Elway (you may have heard of him from his pro career) marched the Cardinal down the field in range to kick a field goal to take the lead, with only 4 seconds left to play. Jubilant Cardinal fans stormed the field, and the refs had to chase them all back and enforced a penalty on the kick-off because of the crowd coming on to the field. The kickoff was taken by Cal's Kevin Moen at the Cal 46 but rather than trying to run himself, he remembered an exercise from practice and he tossed the ball to Richard Rodgers, who tossed it to Dwight Garner, who tossed it just back to Rodgers as he was about to be nailed by two Cardinal. Rodgers tossed the ball to Mariet Ford who returned it to Moen who ran for the end zone - and right into the Stanford Band that had taken the field, thinking the game was over. Moen plowed into trombonist, Gary Tyrell. Known forever as, "The Play" it remains one of the wackiest endings to a game in college football history.

Watch this exciting ending on YouTube as John "Captain Comeback" Elway marches his team down for a field goal that should have won the game (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7aCDfJH6eRY), but didn't..

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3d/The-play.jpg/400px-The-play.jpg
"The Play"

...in 1945, in Nuremburg, German, 24 high-ranking Nazis went on trial for atrocities perpetrated during World War II. The trials were convened by an international tribunal with representatives from the United States, Soviet Union, Great Britain and France. On October 1, 1946 (you may remember reading about this on Oct 1) 12 of the architects of Nazi pogroms were sentenced to hang, including Hermann Goering, the leader of the SS and the Luftwaffe. He committed suicide on the eve of his hanging. Trials continued in Germany, well into the 1950's to try the lesser Nazis with 5,025 convictions and 806 executions.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuremberg-1-.jpg/776px-Nuremberg-1-.jpg
Front Row, L to R: Hermann Göring, Rudolf Heß, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Wilhelm Keitel
Back Row, L to R: Karl Dönitz, Erich Raeder, Baldur von Schirach, Fritz Sauckel

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 67 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1980, 350 million people tuned in to CBS to watch the season premier of the prime time soap opera, Dallas to learn who, in the previous season's cliff hanger, shot J.R. The entire Summer was spent with the speculation of "Who shot J.R.?" a question that still plagues some of us, for rather obvious reasons. Contrary to what you might think. the other "J.R." in question has never seen the episode and has no intention of ever seeing it.

...in 1783, Frenchman Jean-François Pilatre de Rozier and François Laurent made aeronautical history by being the first men to fly a untethered hot air balloon. The flight lasted about 25 minutes and carried the two men over Paris. Two years later, de Rozier would also become the first man to die in an aeronautic crash when his balloon crashed during an attempt to cross the English Channel.

http://s3.amazonaws.com/data.tumblr.com/tumblr_kpgfwt7cXh1qzdhk9o1_1280.jpg?AWSAccessKeyId =0RYTHV9YYQ4W5Q3HQMG2&Expires=1255476856&Signature=zKrUoqu2gcam0idXdrKYKGAXvKk%3D

...in 1877, Thomas Edison patented the device that would have him dubbed the Wizard of Menlo Park. No, not the light bulb, that would come later, this was the phonograph. He discovered the device while trying to create a telephone answering device! It was originally marketed as a dictation machine, but the popularity of it as an entertainment center set Edison, and several others, on the task of refining the device. In 1912, Edison debuted a machine that delivered far superior sound but it used disks that were incompatible with other record players. (Anyone who owns a Beta video recorder knows what it is like to have the superior product beaten out of the marketplace.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Edison_and_phonograph_edit1.jpg/200px-Edison_and_phonograph_edit1.jpg
Edison and an early phonograph.

...in 1970, the rarest Ford Mustang was introduced at the Detroit Auto Show. Dubbed the Boss 351, it featured a four-bolt main engine that was rated at 300 horsepower. Only 1,806 units were built in 1971, the only year the Boss 351 was offered. As the government clamped down on safety and emmissions, such cars became too expensive to build, to buy, and to operate and the muscle car faded from its glory years. The Boss 351 was one of the last ones. The Boss 351 Registry (http://www.boss351registry.com/) has located 551 of the the original cars.

http://files.conceptcarz.com/img/Ford/71_ford_mustang_boss_351_harrisburg_04_dv_02.jpg
1971 Ford Mustang Boss 351


...in 1916, the HMHS Britannic, sister ship to the Titanic, sank in the Aegean Sea, killing 30 people, more than 1,000 were rescued. After the sinking of the Titanic, the White Star Lines refined the design and altered the hull to make it less vulnerable to icebergs. More lifeboats were also added. Launched in 1914, the Britannic was requisitioned by the British government to serve as a hospital ship. At 8:12 AM, the ship was rocked by a huge explosion, and even though Captain Bartlett ordered closure of all watertight doors, the Britannic had already lost six compartments to flooding, more than the damage that sank her sister ship. Most everyone survived, the ones who perished tried to launch lifeboats, without orders, while the ship was moving and the lifeboats were sucked into the propellers. Jacques Cousteau found the wreck in 1976. No one knows what caused the explosion but most experts believe it was a German mine. (A third sister ship, the HMS Olympic, led a rather tame and uneventful service life, although she dropped a prop blade on her maiden voyage in 1909 and collided with the Nantucket Lightship in 1934 but was undamaged. She was taken out of service in 1935 and scrapped in 1936.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/BRIT_H1.jpg
(His Majesty's Hospital Ship) HMHS Britannic

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

This is a very significant day in American history - if you're just hovering here, pop open the thread and see. There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 33 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1718, Blackbeard the Pirate was killed just off the North Carolina Outer Banks during a battle with the British navy, that had been dispached from Virginia to put Edward Teach, a.k.a. Blackbeard, out of business. He had negotiated a pardon with Governor Charles Eden, in exchange for a sizeable share of Blackbeard's booty, but the planters of North Carolina appealed to Virginia Governor Alexander Spotswood, who dispatched the navy. Legend has it that Blackbeard took five musket balls and 20 sword lacerations before he finally died.

...in 1950, the Long Island Railroad suffered a tremendous loss as two commuter trains collided in Queens, New York. A 12 car train was ordered to slow and stop in the station. When ordered to start again, the train's brakes had locked and prevented the departure. Meanwhile, the Babylon express, on the same track, received a green signal based on the commuter train departing the station. It collided with the commuter train, launching the rear car into the air and killing all aboard. When it was over, 79 people were dead and 363 suffered major injuries. Mayor Vincent Impellitari called the LIRR a "disgraceful common carrier" when he learned that defective equipment caused the crash.

http://kewgardenshistory.com/ss-lirr/lirr-0650-01-OL.jpg
First responders worked through the night. 79 people perished and
363 were injured in the crash.

...in 1927, Carl Eliason of Sayner, Wisconsin, received a patent for a motorized tobboggan, the first modern snowmobile. The Eliason snowmobiles were built in Sayner until the company was purchased by the FWD Company of Clintonville, Wisconsin. (FWD, to this day, still builds heavy duty four wheel drive trucks for military and commercial use.) The last of Eliason's designs, from 1953, influenced the design of every manufacturer's sleds, throughout the world. All of Eliason's "motorized toboggans" are on display in the Vilas County, Wisconsin museum. For more about the inventor of the snowmobile and the story of how it came about, visit the Eliason Snowmobile (http://www.eliason-snowmobile.com/) website.

http://www.eliason-snowmobile.com/gallery/phase/carl1.jpg
Carl Eliason and his Motorized Tobboggan

...in 1963, in Dallas, Texas, Lee Harvey Oswald, from the 6th floor of the Texas Schoolbook Depository, shot and killed President John Fitzgerald Kennedy as his motorcade passed Dealey Plaza. On Sunday, November 24, Oswald was shot and killed by Dallas night club owner, Jack Ruby. The entire country ground to a halt in mourning the martyred President. It was the first major event ever covered wall-to-wall by television, by the time the dead-tree media went to press, television has already broken the next development. In fact, the shooting of Oswald was the first time a murder had ever been shown on live television.

The Kennedy Assassination is fraught with rumors, legends, misinformation and conspiracy theories. President Lyndon Johnson ordered an investigation that was headed up by Chief Justice Earl Warren, the results are commonly known as the Warren Report. It took ten months, and at the time of its release, it was widely accepted as the definitive answer to the assassination. The Warren Commission concluded that Oswald was the only shooter and that he acted alone. Today, the majority of Americans do not believe the report and think the assassination was a carefully planned and executed plot laid out by a conspiracy.

Incidentally, about the only thing correct in the Oliver Stone movie about the assassination was that John Kennedy was shot on November 22. The rest is pretty much baloney.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/32/JohnFKennedy.png/240px-JohnFKennedy.png
President John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917 - 1963)
35th President of the United States.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[Tropicalburstqt2]

I <3 my Mustang!!

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 33 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1859, in a poor Irish neighborhood in New York's east side, Henry McCarty was born He would later change his name to William H. Bonney, using the first name of his surrogate father and his mother's maiden name, but he would go down in history as Billy the Kid. He began a career as a gunslinger in 1876 and was part of the Lincoln County War of 1878 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-february-18-2009-a-49731/), one of the range wars of the odl west. It was said that Billy killed at least 27 people before his 21st birthday, although, only four can actually be attributed to him. On the night of July 14, 1881, Billy the Kid was shot and killed, at the age of 21, by Sheriff Pat Garrett near Fort Sumner, New Mexico.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Billykid.jpg/250px-Billykid.jpg
Henry McCarty aka William H Bonney aka Billy the Kid.

...in 1874, Bathsheba Everdene is courted by three suitors in Thomas Hardy's Far From The Madding Crowd which was published on this date. The novel, with the oft-misquoted title, has a happy ending but showed three different faces of human nature. Far From the Madding Crowd contains Hardy's usual pessimistic view of the human condition.

...in 1876, the leader of New York City's corrupt political machine, William Marcy "Boss" Tweed, was extradited to the New York City after his capture in Spain. "Boss" Tweed came to power in Tammany Hall, the Democrat machine of New York City, in the late 1850's and by the mid 1860's, the "Tweed Ring" was buying votes, paying off judges, embezzling millions of dollars from City contracts and it virtually controlled New York City government. The blatant embezzlement of funds from the remodeling of the City Court House in 1871 was not ignored by the New York Times. Tweed's goons did the usual damage control, but other publications, led by Harper's Weekly, exposed the ring. Harper's Weekly cartoonist, Thomas Nast, ran a one-man campaign against Tweed with biting characterizations. The Tweed Ring was swept out of office in the elections of 1871, members of the ring were arrested, tried and convicted. Tweed himself escaped prison in 1875 and fled to Europe, but was recognized in Spain from Nast cartoons! He was returned to New York City and died in 1878, still in prison.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Nast-Tammany.jpg
Thomas Nast characterized Tammany Hall as the tiger, an image that stuck. Tammany Hall continued as a
political machine after the arrests of the Tweed Ring but collapsed after helping Fiorello LaGuradia become
mayor in the 1934 election.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e9/Tammany_Ring%2C_Nast.jpg
Thomas Nast's chracterization of the Tweed Ring.

...in 1897, Ransom Eli Olds received a patent for his motor carriage. He founded the Olds Motor Vehicle Company that eventually became the Olds Motor Works and later, the Oldsmobile Division of General Motors. The famous "curved dash Oldsmobile" put Olds on the map, even spawning the popular song, My Merry Oldsmobile. Olds would be forced out of his own company, so he started another company to build trucks, and his REO Speedwagon became a staple of the American trucking industry.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Oldsmobile_Curved_Dash_Runabout_1902.jpg/180px-Oldsmobile_Curved_Dash_Runabout_1902.jpg
1902 Oldsmobile - about 19,000
of the popular little runabouts
were built.

...in 1936, the first issue of Life magazine was published. The weekly magazine, started by Henry Luce, was a companion to Luce's Time magazine. Where Time told the news, Life offered pictoral views of the news, along with locations and events around the world. Life set the standard for high-quality, journalistic photography. Life ceased weekly publication in 1972 because of competition from television, but it did start again as a syndicated insert to certain newspapers.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 55 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1963, Dallas nightclub owner, Jack Ruby, shot and killed JFK assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald. The shooting happened in the basement of the Dallas Police Department, on live television. Conspiracy theory fans like to link Ruby to the underworld, the CIA, Richard Nixon and other organizations or people, but the Warren Commission concluded Ruby acted on his own, probably on the spur of the moment. He even left his dog in the car while he was making his shot. He later claimed he was just saving Jackie Kennedy the embarrassment of testifying at Oswald's trial. Ruby died of cancer in 1966, claiming the cancer had been injected into his system by the CIA, to keep him quiet. Before his death, Ruby made conflicting statements that he had acted alone, and that he was part of a vast conspiracy. It seems his real motive is lost to history.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/42/Ruby-shooting-oswald2.png
Lee Harvey Oswald, handcuffed to Detective James Lavelle, was shot at point-blank range
by Dallas nightclub owner, Jack Ruby in a crowded corridor of the Dallas Police Department.
This amazing photograph was shot by Robert H. Jackson of the Dallas Times-Herald and
won the Pulitzer Prize for Photography.

...in 1859, Charles Darwin's controversial work, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection was published in England. The book does not contain the word "evolution" but his theory said that organisms eventually evolve through the process of "natural selection" and that environment will influence which genetic variations will develop in succeeding generations of the same species. The theory was not new, in fact, his own grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, had even suggested the theory but it was not until publication of this book that the theory was given any real consideration. Orthodox Christians branded the book, and the theory, as heresy. In 1871, Darwin published a follow-up that presented his evidence that man evolved from the ape, entitled The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. While his theory has been widely accepted in the scientific community, Creationists ask for evidence of which species have evolved in the last 1000 years, or for that matter, are still evolving. The argument continues.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Origin_of_Species_title_page.jpg/250px-Origin_of_Species_title_page.jpg

...in 1849, John Froelich was born in Froelich, Iowa. He would go on to invent the forerunner of what is today's modern farm tractor, building and manufacturing tractors in 1892, in Waterloo, Iowa at the Waterloo Gasoline Traction Engine Company. Unfortunately, they were not successful, and he sold his business to John W. Miller, who changed the name to the Waterloo Gasoline Engine Company. He stopped building tractors and concentrated on building gasoline engines. In 1911, Miller began building tractors again, and despite the company name, no one seemed to notice they ran on kerosene. The Waterloo Boy tractors were quite popular, and in 1918, the company was purchased by John Deere Company. Despite the name being changed to the John Deere Tractor Company, the tractors were still sold under the name Waterloo Boy until 1923, when the John Deere Model D was introduced.

http://www.historylink101.com/lessons/farm-city/waterloo_boy_1.jpg
A 1918 Waterloo Boy Tractor

...in 1971, a mysterious hijacker, calling himself Dan Cooper, parachuted into the night over Washington State with $200,000 in cash. Cooper hijacked the airliner using what looked like a bomb. The plane landed, per his orders, at the Sea-Tac airport where he was provided with $200,000.00, four parachutes and a flight plan to Mexico. Over the Lewis River in Washington, Cooper opened the rear stairway hatch (a unique feature of this particular model of the 727) and parachuted into the night from a height of 10,000 feet. There was a raging thunderstorm at the time with temperatures below zero, and Cooper was wearing only a raincoat and wrap-around sunglasses. The storm prevented any action of law enforcement to find Cooper and it was assumed that he perished in the fall. No trace of Cooper, dead or alive, has ever been found. In 1980, $5,880 of the marked ransom money was found in a bag along the banks of the Columbia River, near Vancouver, but that is as close to finding Dan Cooper as anyone has ever come. Through an error in communication with the media, the hijacker's name was listed as "D.B. Cooper" and that is how he is still popularly known. The story is a thing of legend in the Northwest and has even spawned several movies and television specials, but no one has ever solved the mystery of what happened to D.B. Cooper.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Dbc.jpg
D.B.Cooper in 1971 and with age progression.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 58 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1963, President John F Kennedy was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, on John Jr.'s birthday. About a quarter of a million people had filed past his flag-draped coffin as he had lain in state in the Capitol Rotunda the previous day. Approximately 1 million people lined the parade route between the Capitol and the burial site. President Kennedy's coffin was carried on a horse-drawn caisson, the only sounds being the sounds of the horse's hoof steps and the haunting drum cadence. Most citizens had believed that the President would be buried with his family in Massachusetts, but Jackie Kennedy selected Arlington in agreement with Sargent Shriver, Kennidy's brother in law, when she said, "He belongs to the people."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/JFK_grave.jpg/300px-JFK_grave.jpg
The grave of President John F. Kennedy, with the eternal flame, at Arlington National Cemetery.

...in 1920, Gaston Chevrolet, race driver and brother to race designer Louis Chevrolet, died while driving in a race in Beverly Hills, California. Gaston was born in La-Shauz-de-Fonds, Switzerland. He came to America to join Louis and Andre in the formation of the Frontenac Motor Corporation, which was to replace the Chevrolet Motor Company that the brothers had sold to Billy Durant's General Motors.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/ChevBros.jpg
Gaston Chevrolet (in the car) and his
brothers, Louis and Andre.

...in 1979, American Airlines Flight 191 departed from Chicago's O'Hare International Airport and crashed seconds later. Mounting bolts that held the port engine in place failed, severing the engine on takeoff. All 271 passengers and crew onboard died in the impact, along with two people on the ground. It was the highest death toll in an airplane crash in the United States until September 11, 2001 but remains the highest death toll in one aircraft crash on US soil. The crash anaylsis resulted in changes in maintenance procedures of the DC-10 aircraft.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/Aa191_ohare.jpg/230px-Aa191_ohare.jpg
Flight 191 went into a steep bank before it crashed, killing everyone on board.

...in 1952, the Dallas Texans of the NFL won the only game the franchise would ever win, by beating the Chicago Bears 27-23. The team was so bad that fans in Dallas stayed away in droves, and with five games left in the season, the ownership turned the franchise back to the NFL, which moved it Hershey, Pennsylvania. The team was disbanded, and the remains of it went to Baltimore to become the Colts. In 1960, the NFL granted another franchise to Dallas, and the Cowboys would go on to a better record than it's predecessor. The rival AFL also launched a team there, the Dallas Texans that would move to Kansas City to become the Chiefs.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b7/DallasTexans52.gif

...in 1949, Gene Autry hit the popular charts with Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer. The story of Rudolph was written by Robert L. May for his employer, Montgomery Ward's and tells the story of Santa's ninth reindeer. (The story is today owned by The Rudolph Company and although Rudolph seems to be a public domain piece of American folklore, the copyrights are fiercely guarded.) Of course, the song also introduces the 10th reindeer, Olive. You never heard of Olive? Listen closely to Gene Autry's version, and you'll hear him sing that "Olive, the other reindeer, Used to laugh and call him names."

http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51R8R2ARF3L._SL500_AA240_.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

This will be the third Thanksgiving that the Birgfeld family is without Paige. Sadly, there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 53 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1941, under Admiral Chuichi Nagumo, the Japanese First Air Fleet departed for Pearl Harbor. His orders were to return to Japan if diplomatic efforts resolved an impasse between the United States and Japan. Japan wanted the United States to lift economic sanctions and the United States wanted Japan to evacuate China, Indo-China and repudiate their membership in the Tripartite Axis Pact. President Roosevelt and Secretary of State Cordell Hull knew that a Japanese attack was likely but the target was unknown. The United States felt that if war was inevitable, Japan would have to commit the first act of war.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Chuichi_Nagumo.jpg/180px-Chuichi_Nagumo.jpg
Admiral Chuichi Nagumo.
He died on Saipan, on June 6, 1944, having
committed suicide in a cave when his
defense of Saipan failed.

...in 1941, President Roosevelt signed a bill declaring the fourth Thursday of November as Thanksgiving Day. The tradition of a day set aside for giving thanks started in the Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies when Governor William Bradford established a Thanksgiving celebration. It was an annual custom in New England and in 1777, the Continental Congress declared the first national Thanksgiving. Later, President Washington proclaimed November 26 as the national Thanksgiving Day. President Lincoln moved it to the last Thursday of November in 1863. That's the way it stayed until 1939, when President Roosevelt moved it to the 23rd, a week earlier, in an attempt to lengthen the Christmas shopping season to boost the depression economy. It caused much confusion and consternation, though, some Americans did not recognize the date and celebrated on the traditional day. The Bing Crosby - Fred Astaire movie, Holiday Inn, had a confused turkey pick up and move a week on an animated calendar. In 1941, President Roosevelt moved it back to the last Thursday, where it has remained.

...in 1922, the first Technicolor film (in general distribution, anyway) opened. Toll of the Sea, featring Anna May Wong, used two negatives with red and green tints to create the color image. The process was very expensive and most studios passed on it until the late 1930's.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Anna_May_Wong_holds_child_in_The_Toll_of_the_Sea.j pg/200px-Anna_May_Wong_holds_child_in_The_Toll_of_the_Sea.j pg


...in 1927, Ford Motor Company announced The New Ford to replace the venerable Model T that went out of production in May of that year. The New Ford was the first new car since the Model T went into production in 1908, with 15,000,000 of the Tin Lizzies built. The car was called the Model A. Henry Ford was quoted as saying that this car wipes the slate clean, so it would be called the Model A. In reality, it was a transition car, because the Model T had outlived it's production life and Henry's pet project, the V-8 Ford, would not be ready until 1932. Styled by Edsel Ford, the Model A was also called the "Baby Lincoln" for its styling and modern good looks. 5,000,000 Model A's were built in its four-year run.

http://www.mafca.com/gallery/28phaetonLS.jpg
Hugh and Loukie Smith recently drove their
1928 Phaeton across the country on the Lincoln
Highway. (Who would be dumb enough to drive a
Model A Ford across the country on the Lincoln
Highway? Hmmmm?)

...in 1942, "Round up the usual suspects" became a part of the American lexicon with the premier of Michael Curtiz's film, Casablanca. Staring Humphrey Bogart, Ingrid Bergman, Paul Henreid, Clause Rains and Peter Lorre, the film was not widely liked by critics and did not do well at the box office. However, it is a beloved classic film, Bogart's first romantic role, widely appreciated by film fans everywhere. Standard lines from the film have become a part of our lexicon, including the usual suspects, along with "Of all the gin joints in all the towns in all the world, she walks into mine," "We'll always have Paris," and "Here's looking at you, Kid." (Click on the image to see the theatrical trailer for (arguably) one of the best films ever made.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Casablanca%2C_title.JPG/205px-Casablanca%2C_title.JPG (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=INBmVxAsdFE)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 29 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1095, Pope Urban II called on Christians in Europe to travel to Jerusalem and make war against Muslims that had been preventing Christian pilgrims from going to the Holy City. With a cry of "Deus volt!" (God Wills It) the Crusades began, the first of seven major military actions taken in the Holy Land, of which repercussions are still felt today. Urban died in 1099, two weeks before the fall of Jerusalem and before news of the Christian victory were heard in Europe.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/BlUrban_II.gif
Pope Urban II

...in 1924, a two-mile stretch of Broadway, from Central Park of Herald Square became the route of the first Macy's Thanksgiving Day parade, featuring clowns, cowboys and the famous balloons, including Felix the Cat, the first balloon. Today's parade is all show-biz, glitz, lip-synced dance numbers and appearances by has-beens and wanna-be celebrities. And no, I won't be watching it.

Gimbel's was actually the first department store to sponsor a parade in Philadelphia, but it was J.L. Hudson's in Detroit and Macy's in New York that became the national tradition on Thanksgiving Day. In Detroit, the parade is known as America's Thanksgiving Day Parade and in 1990, the Chilly Willy balloon was being filled when it broke its tethers and took off. Chilly Willy floated above the parade route at about 5,000 feet. Eventually, Willy deflated and was fished out of Lake St. Clair, about 25 miles away from Detroit.

...in 1965, France successfully launched a satellite, becoming the fifth nation in space. First designated as A-1 for Army-1, the satillite was later redisignated Asterix after a popular French cartoon character. The satellite was launched atop a Diamont A from a launch site in Algiers. The satillite followed Sputnik (Soviet Union) Explorer I (USA) Alouette I (Canada) and San Marco I (Italy.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Asterix_Musee_du_Bourget_P1020341.JPG/250px-Asterix_Musee_du_Bourget_P1020341.JPG
This is a model of Asterix I, which is in such a high
orbit that it will likely not crash to earth for centuries.

...in 1870, the New York Times dubbed baseball "America's Pastime."

...in 1896, Richard Strauss' Also Sprach Zarathustra (Thus Spake Zarathustra) debuted in Frankfurt, Germany, 72 years before anyone would learn to know it as the opening theme to 2001: A Space Odyssey. Open the pod bay doors, Hal. (Click on Strauss' portrait to hear his stirring tone poem.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Strauss3.jpg/180px-Strauss3.jpg
Richard Srauss (1864 - 1949) (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SLuW-GBaJ8k&NR=1)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 26 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1942, the first mass-produced bomber, a B-24 Liberator, came out of Ford Motor Company's huge Willow Run factory, the largest building in the world. (At least, until 1943 when Chrysler's engine plant opened in Cicero, Illinois, where Tucker automobiles would be built in 1947.) In the 1930's, President Roosevelt foresaw the need for American productivity to be the biggest weapon in the arsenal as he also foresaw America's inevitable involvement in World War II. Charles "Cast Iron Charlie" Sorenson, the director of production for Ford Motor Company, worked out the details of Henry Ford's concept of mass-producing airplanes the way he had build Flivvers in the teens. The aircraft manufacturers derided the attempt, but the Willow Run building was larger than the facilities of Boeing, Douglass and Consolidated combined. Initially, there were problems with critics referring to the plant as "Will It Run?" but once production started, the 2.5 million square foot plant built 8,685 B-24's, in 1944, at the rate of one bomber per hour. Today, the runways built outside the plant in 1942 are the Willow Run Airport, and whether the personal accolades for Henry Ford are deserved or not, the Willow Run bomber plant was an industrial milestone.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Willow_Run_Factory.jpg
The Willow Run Assembly Line was one mile long.


...in 1994, nefarious serial killer, Jeffrey Dahmer, who was already serving 15 consecutive life terms, was beaten to death by a fellow inmate at Wisconsin's Columbia Correctional Institution in Portage, Wisconsin. He died at the hand of fellow inmate, Christopher Scarver, who also beat and killed inmate Jesse Anderson. (Anderson was also reviled in Milwaukee for killing his wife and trying to frame two unidentified African-American youths for the crime.) Dahmer was convicted of murdering at least 17 young men over a period of 13 years, most of them young, gay, African-Americans. He would lure them to his apartment, asking them to model for a photography shoot, where he would drug and strangle them, mutilate their bodies, cannibalize them and destroy their remains in barrels of acid. He was arrested on July 22, 1991 and convicted of 15 counts in February 1992. Scarver's motive for the dual killings is unknown, however, many feel he did both humanity and the State of Wisconsin a favor. He was transferred to a federal prison shortly after the beatings.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/51/Jeffrey-dahmer.jpg/200px-Jeffrey-dahmer.jpg
Jeffrey Dahmer (1960 - 1994)

...in 1954, the first man to create and control a nuclear chain reaction, Enrico Fermi, died in Chicago at the age of 53. Fermi was born in Rome on September 1, 1901 and at the age of 17, decided he wanted to be a physicist. He studied at the University of Pisa, under German physicist Max Born who was known for his work with quantum physics, and he taught math at at the University of Florence. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1938 and even though he was on the watch list, he was allowed to travel to Sweden to receive the prize. He and his wife, Laura (who was Jewish) never returned - they went to Columbia University in New York City where he worked with Neils Bohr. Recognizing the military implications of nuclear fission, Bohr and Fermi wrote a letter to President Roosevelt, the letter was signed by Albert Einstein and the result was The Manhattan Project. Fermi created a lab in a squash court under the football stands at the University of Chicago, where he created the first controlled chain reaction. Today, Fermilab in Batavia, Illinois, is named in his honor.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg/250px-Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg
Enrico Fermi (1901 - 1954)
He ushered in the Atomic Age.

...in 1925, what is today called The Grand Ol' Opry began broadcasting from Nashville, Tennessee on WSM 850 Radio. It was known as The Barn Dance in those days, to mimic the National Barn Dance show that was already being broadcast from WLS in Chicago. The producers realized that the audience loved the show, and performers were directed to dress like hillbillies and, where possible, adopt names that had a rural ring to them. Fans flocked to the studios to watch the show, and in 1943, the show was moved to the Ryman Auditorium in downtown Nashville. It had been built by Captain Thomas Ryman to house a traveling evangelist, Reverend Samuel Jones, and the building has a churchy feel to it, including stained glass windows. The Opry moved from the Ryman in 1974 to a new Opry House in the center of what was then called Opryland USA (http://thrillhunter.com/indexop.html), nine miles from downtown. Opryland featured a now-dismantled theme park and several entertainment stages. The Grand Ol' Opy is still heard every Saturday night on "Clear channel WSM (http://www.wsmonline.com/)" which is a 50,000 watt radio station, broadcasting on 850 kHz and can be heard all over the south and much of the Midwest.

http://www.opry.com/Media/Images/MeetTheOpry/Intro/WSMpostcard.jpg
The show was sponsored by the National Life and Accident Insurance Company,
which also built the radio station. WSM stood for "We Shield Millions."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 58 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1929, Richard Byrd, with three companions, flew over the South Pole, the first to accomplish the feat. Byrd had flown from a base camp he built, called Little America, on the Ross Ice Shelf. The flight to the pole and back again took 18 hours and 41 minutes. Byrd made five expeditions to Antarctica in his career, the first in 1929, again in 1933 when he was a Rear Admiral in the navy. On that trip, he was trapped during the winter, for five months, at a weather station 123 miles from his Little America base camp. He was rescued in spring, in August of 1934 in pretty rough condition. He returned again in 1939, with a huge vehicle called the Snow Cruiser, which I wrote about in a Live Journal (http://lugnuts.livejournal.com/5596.html?nc=1) entry some years ago. During the war, Admiral Byrd served the navy and afterward, led the largest expedition (to date) to Antarctica. He made his fifth and final trip to Antarctica in 1955, Admiral Byrd died in 1957.

...in 1948, Chicago was part of the struggle for supremacy in the production of network television, and a local childrens' show, Kukla, Fran and Ollie premiered on this date on the NBC network. The program featured actress, Fran Allison, as the host of the program with the puppets Kukla and Ollie, a dragon. The puppets were the brainchildren of Burr Tillstrom, along with several other puppets that were a part of the "Kuklapolitan Players." The show was called Junior Jamboree when it went on the air in Chicago in 1947 and the name changed when it went national. ("Kukla" means "doll" in Greek and Russian.) While the show was canceled in 1957, it continued in syndication well into the 1980's. The show set a very high standard for childrens' television, Burr Tillstrom had very strict rules, including that he stayed away from politics. KFO actually attracted more adult viewers than children, after all, sponsors like RCA and Ford Motor Company were not trying to reach children. Tillstrom considered the program high-quality, family programing and did not like KFO to be considered strictly as a children's show. He also wrote into his will that no one could perform his characters, so Kukla and Ollie now belong to the ages. You can learn more about the program at the Unofficial Kuklapolitan Website (http://kukla.tv/).

http://kukla.tv/stage52.jpg
Kukla, Burr, Ollie and Fran

...in 1963, President Lyndon Johnson assigned Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren to set up a special commission to investigate the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. The Warren Commission worked for 10 months, interviewing witneses and principals in the case, before filing a report with the President that said Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone and that the three bullets that killed the President and injured Texas Governor John Connaly came from his rifle. The report did not silence critics who believe it was a vast conspiracy. A 1978 House Select Committee on Assassinations report concluded that President Kennedy was "probably assassinated as a result of a conspiracy" that involved multiple shooters and organized crime. Both reports are still hotly debated and are disputed around the world.

...in 1947, the United Nations voted to create the state of Israel by partitioning Palestine, a move protested by Arab opposition. After the Holocaust, with no where else to turn, Jewish refugees went to the newly formed state, in lands that had been occupied by Great Britatin. On May 14, 1948, the British withdrew at the expiration of their mandate, and the next day, Israel was invaded by Egypt, Transjordan, Syria, Lebanon and Iraq. Although outguuned, the Israeli forces not only repelled the invasion but captured more lands. A similar invasion, with similar results, occured 20 years later, in 1967. The area is still under fire with hatred boiling over in some circles.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There was an interesting report from the NBC affiliate in Grand Junction the other day. It says that there are new DNA tests being done that could link Paige to persons of interst. You can see it here: "Where is Paige? (http://www.nbc11news.com/home/headlines/76404512.html)" Otherwise, there have been no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 51 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1954, the first recorded (modern) case of a human being struck by a meteorite occurred in Oak Grove, near Sylacuga, Alabama. The eight and a half pound sulfide meteorite crashed through the roof of a house, bounced off the floor and struck Elizabeth Hodges on the hip. Other than a nasty bruise, she was not seriously injured. There were reports of people being inured or killed by meteroites in ancient Chinese history, in 1927 a girl was reportedly struck in Japan and in 1946, a boy was reportedly knocked off a bicycle by a meteorite but these reports are unsubstantiated. We reported, in the Morning Update, October 9 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-october-9-2008-a-44741/) that a car had been struck in Peekskill, New York in 1992.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/meteorite2_72.jpg
The Sylacauga Meteorite.

...in 1994, the luxury liner with a sordid past, the Achille Lauro caught fire and sank near Somalia. The ship had been constructed in 1947 as the William Ruys by the Royal Rotterdam Line and was used primarily to carry freight between The Netherlands and the East Indies. In 1965, the StarLauro Line bought the ship and, against superstition, rechristened the ship as the Achille Lauro. Ship lore says that renamed ships are bad luck, and the Achille Lauro certainly had a run of misfortune. In 1971, she rammed an Italian fishing boat resulting in one death. In 1981, a fire on board killed two people and in 1985, in its most notorious incident, it was hijacked by Palestinian terrorists who shot and killed a wheel-chair bound American, Leon Klinghoffer, then threw his body and wheelchair overboard.

http://www.ssmaritime.com/fire.JPG
The Achille Lauro caught fire at sea and sank in 1994

The Achille Lauro was traveling around the Horn of South African when she caught fire. Survivors were picked up by the USS Gettysburg Her sister ship, the Angelina Lauro also met a firey end. The Angelina Lauro caught fire at the dock in Saint Thomas and dramatic photos can be seen on Reuben Goosens' ssMaritime (http://www.ssmaritime.com/oranjefire.htm) website. Reuben Goosens also has the story of the Achille Lauro (http://www.ssmaritime.com/achillelauro.htm) on his website.

...in 1959, production began on Alfred Hitchcock's most terrifying thriller, Psycho based on Robert Bloch's novel of the same name. Hitch bought the rights from Bloch and then bought up all the copies of the novel he could to preserve the ending. The Norman Bates character, so well played by Anthony Perkins, was based on the real-life serial killer and grave robber, Ed Gein from Plainfield, Wisconsin. (See Morning Updates for July 26 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-july-26-2008-a-41407/) amd November 16 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-november-16-2008-a-46393/) for more on Ed Gein.) Hitchcock was an expert story teller and master of suspence. Hitch let his characters and excellent camera work plant the story in the audience's minds. The shower scene in Psycho is an excellent study in how to terrify an audience, it took over a week to film and lasts only 45 seconds. In the straight-on scene of the showerhead, it was actually 6 feet in diameter so the water spray would go past the camera. The scene does not show any actual carnage, it all occurs in the viewers' mind, the blood was actually Hershey's Chocolate Syrup. Although he was long an American citizen, Hitchcock was knighted in 1980, and he died in the same year.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c9/Bateshower.jpg
Jant Leigh said she never took showers, unless she
absolutely had to, after seeing the film.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

This news story ran on the NBC affiliate in Grand Junction last week. While there isn't really much of anything new, it is nice to know that Paige is being remembered as we go into the holidays.

Where is Paige?

More than two years ago a Grand Junction mother of three disappeared.

Posted: 2:08 PM Nov 27, 2009
Reporter: Natalie Pallone
Link: WCCO Channel 11 News (http://www.nbc11news.com/home/headlines/76404512.html)


GRAND JUNCTION, Colo. (KKCO) - More than two years ago a Grand Junction mother of three disappeared.

What happened to Paige Birgfeld is a question her father and the Mesa County Sheriff have looked tirelessly to answer.

In this 11 News Special Report Anchor Natalie Pallone sits down with both of them to find out where the investigation stands.

Her dad Frank Birgfeld says, “I think the thing I miss the most is hearing Paige laugh, hearing her voice.”

It’s nearly three years since anyone has seen Paige Birgfeld and not a day has gone by that her father hasn’t thought about her.

“Some days are an emotional rollercoaster with the steep downhills and never the uphills,” he says.

She was beautiful and caring, but this Grand Junction mother of three also led a secret double life as an adult escort, something investigators with the Mesa County Sheriff’s Office has said made their job harder.

Sheriff Stan Hilkey says, “Next June will be three years. The case remains unsolved and open.”

Hilkey has been on the case ever since June 28, 2007 when Paige was reported missing.

On July 1, her car was found abandoned and on fire in a parking lot near her home and in the days and months that followed her family, investigators and volunteers set out on foot and horseback looking for any sign of Paige.

An extensive search along Highway 50 near Whitewater turned up some clues, some of Paige’s personal checks, a Blockbuster video card, insurance cards for her and her children and even a shoe possibly worn by Paige were all found.

“I'm unaware that anything has come of material found on Highway 50 so I guess were back where we were then,” her dad says.

Frank hasn’t stopped searching for his daughter and believes he’s been left out of the investigation, writing letter after letter to the Sheriff’s Office.

“I'm looking for an active investigation. They may say that's what's going on but I don't see it. I'm left trying to communicate and we don't seem to have much cooperation on that,” he says.

Hilkey says the investigation is extremely active and his office is focused on the sole suspect in the case, Lester Ralph Jones.

He says, “We believe there was a connection between the two, the type and specifics we haven't talked a lot about.”

But Frank’s not sold on Jones. “I have informants and they say Paige knew him and found him repulsive, I think she would have been weary being around him. I also think there was no interaction that would have caused him to have a preplanned motive to harm.”

Frank also thinks that if Jones was the one who harmed his daughter, he wasn’t working alone.

“There's a considerable possibility that there was someone else present when Paige was harmed and that connection would help greatly if Jones and another where doing weekend work in Delta County in June and July of 2007 and that be important for me to know and could lead to finding Paige,” Frank says.

Frank also has another theory, a murder for hire plot.

Hilkey says, “I can't comment on his theories or what he believes. We have to concentrate on the investigation as we know and be confident that what we've done is good work. Really good work.”

Hilkey says he wants to solve Paige’s case as much as Frank does, but unfortunately, they have to cross every t and dot every i and that takes time.

But the investigation is picking up steam.

The Colorado Bureau of Investigation just finished up a round of DNA testing on items relating to the case, Hikley says. “We are hopeful that these latest tests will show a link between our persons of interest and Paige Birgfeld.

But even if it does and Joes is arrested, Frank says he won’t be satisfied.

“I would feel like it was progress but I wouldn't feel like it was a conclusion by a long shot,” he says.

Hilkey says, “If there was new information that would come in on where to go and where to search or a new lead to follow at this point we would take it.”

As the Sheriff’s Office waits to see if the latest DNA tests are the link they’ve been looking for Frank says he’ll continue to explore every avenue he can in the hope of finding his baby girl. “This is my daughter,” he says.

Anyone with information on this case is asked to call the Mesa County Sheriff’s Office at 244–3500.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 31 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1990, 132 feet below the English Channel, crews tunneling from England met crews tunneling from France to complete the first link of the Channel Tunnel, or, Chunnel. The idea of a tunnel connecting the British Isles to mainland Europe was nothing new, even Napoleon proposed it in 1802. It was not until the 20th Century, though, that technology was available to tackle such an ambitious project. There are actually three tubes, one for each direction of travel and one for maintenance. The tubes carry high speed trains that make the 31 mile journey in 20 minutes, 23 of those miles averaging 150' below the English Channel.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Channel_Tunnel_geological_profile_1.svg/800px-Channel_Tunnel_geological_profile_1.svg.png
Cross section of the Chunnel below the English Channel.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/chunnel.jpg?t=1228095205
The Chunnel. High speed trains push air ahead of them, much like a piston engine. Tubes between the tunnels are built in to
balance the air pressure built up by the trains.

...in 1824, the Presidential election made the 2000 election look like a high school student council popularity contest. Does any of this sound familiar? With no clear winner, the election went to the House of Representatives, as dictated by the 12th Amendment. There were four candidates including Andrew Jackson with 99 electoral votes, John Quincy Adams (son of John Adams, the second President) with 84 electoral votes, Secretary of State William H. Crawford with 41 electoral votes and Henry Clay of Virginia with 37 electoral votes. Crawford was debilitated with a stroke just prior to the election, but Clay was disqualified as the fourth place finisher. He threw his support over to John Quincy Adams as they were part of a loose coalition called the National Republicans. The House voted Adams to be the President. Adams then appointed Clay to be his Secretary of State, which Jackson supporters called the fulfillment of a corrupt agreement. As a result, Adams had little popular support and his reelection bid failed in 1828 when he lost to Andrew Jackson.

...in 1913, Model T's began to come off Ford's new continuous moving assembly line at the rate of one car every two and a half minutes. The rate would eventually be a Flivver in less than an minute and the moving assembly line revolutionized the industry. In 1915, Henry Ford would institute the five dollar day, and shorten the work day to eight hours.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/FordAssemblyLine.jpg?t=1228094927
Flivvers (Model T Fords) being built on the first moving assembly line.

...in 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, an African-American woman refused to give up her seat on a public bus to a white man. That was a violation of Montgomery's racial segregation laws, and Rosa Parks was subsequently arrested. Following her arrest, a boycott was organized by a young Baptist minister named Martin Luther King, Jr. The boycott ran for more than a year, and since African-Americans comprised 70% of the bus ridership, the transit system felt the financial pressure. On December 20, 1956, the segregation rules were rescinded and the boycott ended. It was the first great victory in the non-violent civil rights movement in the United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Rosa_Parks_Bus.jpg/180px-Rosa_Parks_Bus.jpg
Bus #2857, where all the ruckus started, is now on
display at the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Rosaparks.jpg/225px-Rosaparks.jpg
Rosa Parks in 1955 with Martin Luther King, Jr. in the background.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 47 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1902, a French engineer named Leon-Marie-Joseph-Clement Levausseur patented an engine block that allowed for 8 pistons to fit into the space of 4 by making a V-shaped block. Levausseur's engine featured four cylinders in either of two banks of cylinders with two pistons on one throw of the crankshaft. If that doesn't mean much to you, don't worry. The short description is that he invented the V-8 engine. Early V-8 engines were expensive to make, as they were cast in two pieces and assembled, so they were only used in large, expensive automobiles until 1932. Henry Ford figured out how to cast a V-8 block in one piece and revolutionized the industry, yet again, by putting V-8's into popular price automobiles.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Antoinette_VII.JPG/300px-Antoinette_VII.JPG
Leon Levausseur also designed and built aircraft
called Antoinette. Note the V8 engine that powers
this 1909 Antoinette, preserved in the Bourget
Museum in Paris.

...in 1823, President James Monroe proclaimed a foreign policy that became known as The Monroe Doctrine, that basically said that any European power asserting itself in the Western Hemisphere (colonization, primarily) was subject to American intervention, and conversely, the United States would stay out of European intrigue. The Doctrine was mostly the work of John Quincy Adams, who would be elected President the following year. The Doctrine was never tested until 1898 during the Spanish-American War, and it stood as the cornerstone of American diplomacy until WW I pulled the US into the European war and propelled the United States into the role of world superpower.

...in 1942, in a squash court under the football stands at the University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi produced the first nuclear chain reaction. It was a major breakthrough and ushered in the nuclear age. He sent a telegram to President Roosevelt that read, "The Italian navigator has landed in the new world." The Nobel Prize winning physicist, along with Neils Bohr and Albert Einstein, recognized the military implications of such an explosive power, and convinced President Roosevelt in the necessity of securing the power before Axis enemies did.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg/225px-Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg
Enrico Fermi

...in 2001, Enron filed for bankruptcy protection in Federal Court. As the layers were peeled away, one of the largest scandals ever was revealed. The house of cards was formed with the merger of two Texas gas companies, The stock, once as high as $90.75 per share eventually closed at 26¢ per share, wiping out thousands of retirement investment funds. The architects of the fraud, Kenneth Lay and Jeffrey K. Skilling, were indicted on at least 35 charges of fraud. Lay died of a heart attack and Skilling was convicted on 19 of 35 counts of fraud. Skilling was sentenced to 24 years in prison.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/enron-sign.jpg
The famous Enron sign was sold at auction for $44,000.00. Somehow, it always reminded me of this:

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/poiuyt_Mad93.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 50 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1984, one of the worst industrial accidents of all time took place in Bhopal, India when a Union Carbide pesticide plant leaked a cloud of methyl isocynate into the atmosphere. Approximately 1 million people lived in Bhopal at the time. 2,000 died immediately, about 600,000 were injured and at least 6,000 people have died since the cloud was dispersed. A series of mechanical problems and human error caused the leak, which remained undetected for at least an hour. When the alarm was finally went off, the damage was already done. The local government had never been apprised of toxicity of the chemicals used at the plant and there was no emergency plan in place. If people had placed a wet towel over their heads, they would have escaped the damage. The Indian government sued, Union Carbide settled in 1989 for $470 million dollars, but most citizens received just $550, far from enough to cover the medical expenses. Union Carbide shut down the plant after the disaster, although the plant is extant, reports are that it is still leaking poisonous material into the soil around Bhopal.

http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/classes/2c/images/1984Bhopal.jpg
Arial view of Bhopal during the crisis.

...in 1967, Dr. Christiaan Barnard, at the Broote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, transplanted a heart into Lewis Washansky. The heart diseased grocer received a heart from Denise Darvall, a 25 year old woman who died in a car accident. It was the world's first human-to-human heart transplant surgery. Drugs used to supress the rejection of the heart caused him to contract double pneumonia and he died 18 days later, but the heart functioned fully until his death. As time went on, better anti-rejection drugs were developed that gives today's heart transplant recipients a much better prognosis. (Personal side note: Dr. Bernard visited Milwaukee's St. Luke's Hospital heart center in 1969, when The Old Man was recovering from open heart surgery. Dr. Bernard did comment on his case however, The Old Man was on so many drugs at the time that he never remembered the visit - but WE did!)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Christiaan_Barnard.jpg/250px-Christiaan_Barnard.jpg
Christiaan Neethling Barnard (1922 – 2001)

...in 1979, the last AMC Pacer came off the assembly line. There is no inbetween with this car, people either love it or hate it. The haters deride it as one of the ugliest, and worst, cars ever made. The idea was good, but the huge greenhouse tended to make the car very warm in the Summer sun. The Pacer made the Time Magazine list of 50 Worst Cars.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/1975_AMC_Pacer_base_model_frontrightside.jpg/250px-1975_AMC_Pacer_base_model_frontrightside.jpg
I looked up "ugly" in the dictionary
and found this photo of a Pacer.

...in 1917, the Quebec Bridge opened near Quebec City. The bridge initially carried one roadway, two railroad tracks and pedestrian walkways. Today it carries three auto lanes and two rail lines. The structure is owned by the Canadian National Railway and is 3,239 feet long, 94 feet wide, and 340 feet high.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Quebec_Bridge_-_Pont_de_Qu%C3%A9bec.jpg/250px-Quebec_Bridge_-_Pont_de_Qu%C3%A9bec.jpg
Upon construction, the Quebec Bridge became, and remains,
the longest cantilever truss bridge in the world.

...in 1989, Melissa Brannen disappeared from a Christmas party in Fairfax, Virginia. The five year old vanished without a trace, but interviews allowed police to zero in on a guest, Caleb Hughes. Detectives found him at 1:00 AM, washing his clothes, including his belt. Investigators used tape to collect hair and fibers from every surface in Hughes' car and house. Investigators were able to tie Hughes to the disappearance, and he was convicted of abduction but Melissa was never found. There is always hope, isn't there?

http://www.find-missing-children.org/images/000133c1.jpghttp://www.find-missing-children.org/images/000133e1.jpg
Melissa Brannen, as she looked when she disappeared and an age progessed to age 16.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 28 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one- 28 -own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1872, the British brig Dei Gratia spotted the American ship, Mary Celeste sailing erratically, under full sail, near the Azores Islands. The crew of the Dei Gratia boarded boarded the American ship to find a most strange circumstance. The ships stores and supplies were untouched, the cargo was still in the hold, the lifeboat and navigation instruments were gone and other than some water in the hold, everything appeared normal except that there was not a soul on board. The last entry in the captain's log had been made nine days earlier and 500 miles away. The captain and crew of the Mary Celeste were never found and the reason the crew abandoned the ship has never been found.

...in 1921, Roscoe Conkling "Fatty" Arbuckle learns his trial for manslaughter ended in a hung jury. Arbuckle was an up and coming comic in silent films, he discovered, and was a friend of, Buster Keaton and made films with Charlie Chaplin. He was one of the most popular comics in silent films until 1921 when he hosted a weekend party at a hotel in San Francisco. Starlet Virginia Rappe became ill at the party and died three days later of a ruptured bladder. Circumstantial evidence was used to arrest and try Arbuckle, who was accused of raping Rappe and and killing her with his excess weight. After three trials, he was acquitted but the damage was done. William Randolph Hearst's newspapers had tried and convicted Arbuckle in print before the trial started. He did direct some films under the pseudonym William B. Goodrich and even made some films in 1932 to start a comeback. The comeback was short-lived, though, as Roscoe Arbuckle died in 1933 of heart failure.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/KeystoneKops.jpg
Typical Keystone Cops pose. Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle is on the far right.

...in 1915, under the spell of Hungarian author and lecturer, Rosika Schwimmer, pacifist Henry Ford chartered the Oscar II to take delegates to Europe. The delegates were going to talk to the heads of Europe to end the war. Dubbed "The Peace Ship," the idealistic attempt to sway European leaders to end the war was derided by press and diplomats alike. With Ford's sponsorship, it even became known as "The Flivver Ship." The failure of the mission has been talked about for decades with views both positive and negative. Ford himself, recognized that the Peace Ship was a failure but also recognized the publicity it generated for Ford Motor Company.

...in 1915, The Panama Pacific Exposition opened in San Francisco. It was the World's Fair and was supposedly celebrated the opening of the Panama Canal, but it was also a chance for San Francisco to show the world that it had recovered from the great earthquake of 1906. Like the White City of the Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago, the buildings were all designed to be temporary, constructed of burlap and plaster. Also like the Columbian Exposition where one building is extant, one of the Pan-Pacific Exposition buildings remains.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Palace-of-fine-arts-1919.jpg/800px-Palace-of-fine-arts-1919.jpg
The Palace of Fine Arts, as seen in 1919, was rebuilt in the 1960's and today houses a museum called the Exploratorium.

Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle and Mabel Norman starred in a Keystone film about the Exposition. It is available for your viewing here, on YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIfV_VK6Wb8).

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 30 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1952, Abbott & Costello jumped into television when The Abbott & Costello Show premiered on CBS. The duo started in Vaudeville on stage where they honed their act to a fine edge. They made the move to radio in the 1930's and developed a huge following. In 1940, they made the first of 36 movies together, including spoof send-ups of classic horror movies. Of these, Abbott & Costello Meet Frankenstein is the most popular. The television show only ran two seasons (52 episodes) but continued to run in syndication for many years. Their signiture routine, Who's On First landed in the Baseball Hall of Fame Museum in 1956, although contrary to urban myth, they are not members of the Hall of Fame and are not the first non-baseball players to ever be so honored. The routine (here's the script of it (http://www.baseball-almanac.com/humor4.shtml)) which features misunderstandings over the unusual names of the players on the team, is still popular today and can be seen on YouTube by following this link (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sShMA85pv8M) from their 1945 film The Naughty Nineties.

http://www.clown-ministry.com/images/abbott-costello-radio.jpg
Lou Costello (1906 - 1959) and
Bud Abbott (1897 - 1974)

...in 1933, the 21st Amendment to the Constitution was ratified, which repealed the 18th Amendment. Huh? The 18th Amendment prohibited the manufacture and importation of alcohol in the United States. Pennsylvania, Ohio and Utah ratified the amendment on the same day, reaching the three fourths majority of states needed to ratify an amendment. Prohibition began with temperance movements in the 19th Century, led by such notables as Carrie Nation, known for breaking up bars with a hatchet. The temperance movement grew in size and in power, and while many states banned alcohol within their borders, the temperance movement looked to Washington for federal assistance. On January 29, 1919 the 18th Amendment was ratified. (Some states still have "dry counties" and state governments regulate alcohol sales.) Congress passed the Volstead Act on October 28, 1919, overriding the veto of President Wilson, setting up enforcement of prohibition by the Treasury Department. It did little more than slow down the flow of alcohol. Organized crime saw an opportunity, and soon illicit breweries, distilleriers, distribution networks and "speakeasies" were operating across the country. The Al Capone syndicate operated with impunity in Chicago, at least, until a young treasury agent named Eliot Ness came to town. More importantly, lack of taxes on alcohol sales during prohibition cost federal, state and local treasuries millions of dollars. The unpopular law was repealed on this date in 1933 but some states continued prohibition. Mississippi became the last hold out to repeal prohibition in 1966. (Lynchburg, Tennessee is the county seat of Moore County and is home to the Jack Daniels Distillery. Moore County remains dry, and only recently has the distillery been allowed to sell whiskey to tourists with a special amendment made to the county charter.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/JDBottle.jpg/150px-JDBottle.jpg
While you can purchase Jack Daniels
commemorative bottles at the distillery in
Lynchburg, Tennessee, you cannot consume
your purchase in "dry" Moore County,
under penalty of law.

...in 1945, Flight 19, a squadron of five US Navy Avenger torpedo-bombers, took off from Fort Lauderdale, Florida on a standard, three-hour training mission. They never returned. The leader of the patrol radioed in that he was having difficulty with his compass, other pilots reported the same problem. Eventually, the lost aircraft were forced to ditch for lack of fuel. The navy launched a Mariner seaplane to search for the downed fliers. It was never heard from again. None of the six aircraft or the remains of the 27 men on board the six aircraft were ever found. While the official navy story is that stormy seas hampered the search and rescue attempts and probably destroyed the remains, the event became the keystone in the legend of the so-called Bermuda Triangle. Christopher Columbus even reported compass problems in the area, and a similar shaped area east of the Phillipines is also referred to as The Devil's Sea. Much has been written about the Bermuda Triangle, by scientists and skeptics, and by those who believe it is an alien-built portal that allows intergalactic transportation. (This reporter belongs to neither the skeptics nor the tinfoil beanie crowd, but does enjoy the debate.)

http://www.byerly.org/images/bermudamap.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 61 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1884, the Washington Monument was finally completed, fifty two years after it was started, and 85 years after his death. In 1783, the fledgling congress wanted to build a monument to George Washington, a statue, to commemorate his efforts in the Revolutionary War. When the architect of the new city of Washington, Pierre L'Enfant, designed the city, he left a special place for the statue. Washington died in 1799, and in 1832, a private group, headed by James Madison, began to raise funds for the memorial. They raised $230,000, far short of the $1 million needed, but they began to build the structure anyway, in 1848. The design, a classic obelisk, was chosen in a design contest. The cornerstone was a 24,500 pound block of white marble. Funding ran out about 6 years later. Mark Twain said, in 1861, that it looked like an unfinished chimney. It was not until 1876, the American centenial, that President Ulysses S. Grant declared the construction to be completed. The obelisk is constructed with about 36,000 blocks of marble and granite. It reaches 555 feet, 5-1/8 inches tall, the tallest building in the world at the time it was built. It remains the tallest structure in Washington, thanks to a special ordinace that prevents any structure in Washington from being taller than the Washington Monument.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Washington_Monument_Dusk_Jan_2006.jpg/288px-Washington_Monument_Dusk_Jan_2006.jpg
897 steps lead to an observation platform at
the top, although today, there is also an elevator.
The Washington Monument was restored between
1996 and 2000.

...in 1955, the federal government made license plates a standard dimension. Prior to this date, states designed their own license plates and made a wide variety of sizes.

http://www.euro-sign.com/images/replica_state_license_plate.gif (http://www.15q.net/usindex.html)
Click on the image to find what your state's plates look like.

...in 1865, the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified, outlawing the institution of slavery. "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/13th_Amendment_Pg1of1_AC.jpg/469px-13th_Amendment_Pg1of1_AC.jpg
The 13th Amendment in
the National Archives.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 63 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1787, 37 of 55 delegates to the Delaware Constitutional Convention voted to ratify the new Constitution of the United States, making Delaware the first state of the new union. The new, stronger document replaced the Articles of Confederation that had served the original 13 colonies as the first federal government. On June 21, 1788, New Hampshire became the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, making federal democracy the official government of the new United States of America.

...in 1931, according to some sources, the last Model A Ford was produced, so the factories could retool for the introduction of the V8 on April 1, 1932. As a Model A enthusiast and your unofficial historian of the Model A, this reporter knows this is not entirely true. Henry Ford had learned his lesson about the complete shutdown of his factories when no cars were produced between the time the Model T ceased production in May of 1927 and the introduction of the Model A in December of of 1927. Model A's continued to be built in some locations, mostly what were called "commercial" vehicles (trucks and station wagons) but certain passenger cars were also produced well into 1932, assuring sales for Ford Motor Company and its dealers...

...and in 1956, Chevrolet produced its 3,000,000th car for the year, the first time Chevrolet had produced over 3 million vehicles. (We're an equal opportunity car reporter.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/1931Victoria.jpg
The 1931 Victoria was considered (by some) to be one of the most beautiful
Model A Fords. The slant windshield, inside sun visor and the "bustle" rear panel
was a harbinger of automotive styling of the mid 1930's.

http://oldcarandtruckpictures.com/ChevyTri-Five/1956ChevroletBelair-2Doorhardtop-sep5.jpg
The 1956 Chevrolet was the first Chevy to go over
3,000,000 production in one year. The 1957 Chevrolet is
one of the most fondly remembered American cars of the
era, but ironically, Ford outsold Chevrolet in 1956 and 1957.


...in 1941,movies theaters reported a drop of more than 50% in attendance on this date, because most Americans were in shock over...

...in 1941, the Japanese fleet launched a massive aerial attack from aircraft carriers against the American forces stationed at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Within minutes, five of eight battleships at Pearl Harbor were sunk or sinking. Several other ships and most Hawaii-based combat planes were also knocked out.

Towards the end of 1941, the world was at war while the United States was at peace. Slowly, Americans were being drawn into the European war by sending materiel to England on the Lend/Lease program, but American merchant marine vessels were being attacked by German U-boats. American neutrality was in serious jeopardy.

The Japanese, meanwhile, were embroiled in a seemingly endless war in China. Japan's lack of natural resources was a problem and when Western powers cut off all trade with Japan in July of 1941, the Japanese war machine, desperate for materiel, made plans to seize the rich resources of southeast Asia.

War in the Pacific was inevitable. President Roosevelt had moved most of the US Navy fleet to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, to act as a deterrent to the Imperial forces. The Japanese command saw the US Navy as the only roadblock to their Imperial ambitions. President Roosevelt and the American military leaders had knowledge that a Japanese attack on American forces was likely, and inevitable, but intelligence sources were sure the attack would come in the Philippines. An attack on Pearl Harbor was such an outrageously bold plan that no one believed an attack would occur there.

http://www.ccdemo.info/PearlHarbor/pearl42.jpg
This image of the Arizona, sunk and burning, is probably second only to the flag raising,
on Mount Surabachi on Iwo Jima, in the minds of Americans for WWII.


Over 2400 Americans died in the attack. Captain Franklin van Valkenburgh ran to the bridge of his ship, the USS Arizona, minutes before the ship exploded under fire. There were three men on the bridge including an ensign and quartermaster. Van Valeknburgh directed the defense of his ship from the bridge until a violent explosion tossed the three men to the deck. The ensign survived but the other two men were never seen again. Nothing of his remains were ever found, except for his Naval Academy class ring, which was later found in the wreckage.

He was posthumously awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor, the highest military honor bestowed by the United States.

Nearly 1.5 million gallons of fuel went down with the USS Arizona. To this day, about two quarts bubble to the surface daily which survivors refer to as "black tears." Estimates are that about 500,000 gallons remain, guaranteeing that the black tears will continue for decades.

The best piece of luck for the Americans, which spelled the eventual doom for Imperial Japanese aspirations, was that the American aircraft carriers were at sea on maneuvers. Had the carriers been in Pearl Harbor, the war might have been, at best, prolonged or at worst, lost.

It's been almost 70 years since the attack that rallied Americans into a united cause and much has changed in the world. Please, take a moment and remember the Americans who perished on this date in 1941.

http://www.ccdemo.info/PearlHarbor/ArizMem2.jpg
The Arizona memorial today.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 54 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1940, the Chicago Bears beat the Washington Redskins in the NFL Championship game. (The season was considerably shorter back then!) The final score was 73-0, the largest defeat in NFL history. In a regular season game, the Redskins had beaten the Bears by a margin of 7-3 when Redskins coach, George Prestin Marshall, called the Bears "Quitters" and "Crybabies." Papa Bear George Hallas used the phrases to motivate his team, running out the season to earn the chance to play the Redskins for the championship. The game got out of hand in the second half, and officials asked the Bears to stop kicking extra points because they were running out of footballs. After the outbreak of WWII, many NFL coaches and players, including George Hallas himself, enlisted. In 1946, after the war and everyone returned, the Bears won their fourth championship in seven years. With the exception of 1963 and 1985, the Bears haven't done much since.

http://assets.chicagobears.com/images/history/hof-luckman.jpg
Sid Luckman led the Bears offensive
attack in the 1940s. He ushered in the
modern era of pro football by quarterbacking
the first use of the T formation. A member of
the Pro Football Hall of Fame, Luckman is
considered to be one of the best quarterbacks
to ever play the game. (Photo courtesy of the
Chicago Bears.)

...in 1945, after the surrender of Japan, the occupation government allowed Toyota Motor Company to again start building busses and trucks, vehicles needed to get Japan's economy moving again.

http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/history/image/40_p1_L.jpg
Toyota reopened and used American production
assistance to learn a new way to produce vehicles. The
first Toyota sold in the US came in 1958 to little
fanfare. When the OPEC oil embargo struck in 1973,
Toyota became a major player in the US market and
today, Toyota is the largest automobile manufacturer in
the world.

...in 1980, singer, songwriter and Beatle, John Lennon, was shot and killed ouside of The Dakota apartment building in New York City by Mark David Chapman. Chapman was enamored with Holden Caulfield, the weird hero of J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye. (Not to be confused with Bob Uecker's Catcher in the Wry.) Caulfield was also obsessed with certain celebrities and was convinced that John Lennon was a phony and plotted a murder plan. He shot Lennon in the back, then fired two shots into his shoulder while he was wreathing in pain. Chapman pled guilty and is serving 20-to-life in Attica Prison in New York. (Ironically, Lennon once wrote a song about a riot at Attica, which called for the freeing of prisoners everywhere.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/1_West_72nd_Street_%28The_Dakota%29_entrance_by_Da vid_Shankbone.jpg/250px-1_West_72nd_Street_%28The_Dakota%29_entrance_by_Da vid_Shankbone.jpg
The entrance to The Dakota apartment
building, where Lennon died at the hand of
a gunman.

...in 1894, James Thurber was born in Columbus, Ohio. An accident as a child took one of his eyes, and he was a shy and retiring youth. (He lost his eye from an arrow shot by his brother, so listen to your mother.) While at Ohio State University, Thurber discovered writing, and he served the army as an cryptologist. In 1926, he moved to New York and landed a job with a new magazine called The New Yorker where he met E.B. White of Charlotte's Web fame. Thurber wrote delightfully humorous short stories and essays, such as The Unicorn In The Garden, The Scotty Who Knew Too Much and The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, for which he is best remembered.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/James_Thurber_NYWTS.jpg/200px-James_Thurber_NYWTS.jpg
James Thurber (1894 - 1961)
"You could look it up."

http://english.glendale.cc.ca.us/unicorn2.gif
The Unicorn in the Garden

Once upon a sunny morning a man who sat in a breakfast nook looked up from his scrambled eggs to see a white unicorn with a golden horn quietly cropping the roses in the garden. The man went up to the bedroom where his wife was still asleep and woke her. "There's a unicorn in the garden," he said. "Eating roses." She opened one unfriendly eye and looked at him.

"The unicorn is a mythical beast," she said, and turned her back on him. The man walked slowly downstairs and out into the garden. The unicorn was still there; now he was browsing among the tulips. "Here, unicorn," said the man, and he pulled up a lily and gave it to him. The unicorn ate it gravely. With a high heart, because there was a unicorn in his garden, the man went upstairs and roused his wife again. "The unicorn," he said,"ate a lily." His wife sat up in bed and looked at him coldly. "You are a booby," she said, "and I am going to have you put in the booby-hatch."

The man, who had never liked the words "booby" and "booby-hatch," and who liked them even less on a shining morning when there was a unicorn in the garden, thought for a moment. "We'll see about that," he said. He walked over to the door. "He has a golden horn in the middle of his forehead," he told her. Then he went back to the garden to watch the unicorn; but the unicorn had gone away. The man sat down among the roses and went to sleep.

As soon as the husband had gone out of the house, the wife got up and dressed as fast as she could. She was very excited and there was a gloat in her eye. She telephoned the police and she telephoned a psychiatrist; she told them to hurry to her house and bring a strait-jacket. When the police and the psychiatrist arrived they sat down in chairs and looked at her, with great interest.

"My husband," she said, "saw a unicorn this morning." The police looked at the psychiatrist and the psychiatrist looked at the police. "He told me it ate a lilly," she said. The psychiatrist looked at the police and the police looked at the psychiatrist. "He told me it had a golden horn in the middle of its forehead," she said. At a solemn signal from the psychiatrist, the police leaped from their chairs and seized the wife. They had a hard time subduing her, for she put up a terrific struggle, but they finally subdued her. Just as they got her into the strait-jacket, the husband came back into the house.

"Did you tell your wife you saw a unicorn?" asked the police. "Of course not," said the husband. "The unicorn is a mythical beast." "That's all I wanted to know," said the psychiatrist. "Take her away. I'm sorry, sir, but your wife is as crazy as a jaybird."

So they took her away, cursing and screaming, and shut her up in an institution. The husband lived happily ever after.

Moral: Don't count your boobies until they are hatched.

...in 1941, President Roosevelt went before Congress to ask for a declaration of war against Japan. It began, "Yesterday, December 7, 1941 - a date which will live in infamy - the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan." (You can listen to the speech here (http://easylink.playstream.com/historyplace/thp-fdr-war.rm).) While not one of the most stirring Presidential addresses in history, it was certainly one of the most important.

http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/day-of-infamy/images/fdr-signing-declaration.gif
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signs the Declaration of War against Japan, December 8, 1941.
--Photo by the National Archives

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 43 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1902, Margaret Hamilton Meserve was born on Cleveland, Ohio. She loved children, received a teaching certificate when she was 23 years old and became a school teacher. She was also bitten by the acting bug and made her stage debut at the age of 23. She married in 1931, had a son, and divorced in 1938. Margaret was living in Los Angeles at that time, and lived there for 15 years before moving to New York City in 1951, where she lived in the same building that housed James Cagney, but unlike Cagney, Margaret was still working in Hollywood with great enthusiasm. Margaret Hamilton was not a Hollywood starlet, in fact, quite the opposite. Her rather plain look and large nose kept her busy as a character actor, usually as a spinster, a busy-body, or a curmudgeon who did not suffer tom-foolery. It was that image that landed her the signature roll for "witch" she would always be remembered in the 1939 classic, The Wizard of Oz as the Wicked Witch of the West. She made about 75 movies and acted on stage for many years. In the 1970s, she played Cora, a store owner and spokesman for Maxwell House Coffee. She died in 1985 at the age of 82. (For more about Margaret Hamilton, see the Morning Update, October 12, 2009 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-october-12-2009-a-56640/#post689954).)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/MargaretHamilton5740.jpg
I'll get you, My Pretty, and your little dog, too!"
The line was one of Margaret Hamilton's favorites
and she used it the rest of her life. The line is #99
on the AFI's list of Top 100 Movie Lines. Miss Hamilton
loved children and even went on Mr. Rogers' Neighborhood
to explain to children that the witch was not her and
only a character she played in the movie.

...in 1958, the John Brich Society was founded in Indianapolis, Indiana by Robert H.W. Welch, Jr. The organization was concerned with the infiltration of communism into American society and government. In fact, the organization was named for John Birch, a Baptist missionary and army intelligence specialist, who was murdered by Communist Chinese in the Chinese province of Anhwei. By the 1960s, the group had grown to a membership of over 100,000 and it revived a McCarthyistic view of communism. As the society grew, it seemed to find communists behind every curtain and soon lost credibility. The society is still active today and claims that the world is run by a secret international cabal that holds influence over world leaders.

...in 1990, Lech Walesa was elected president of Poland in a celebrated election, the first directly elected Polish leader.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Lech_Walesa.jpg/220px-Lech_Walesa.jpg
Lech Walesa, the first elected president of
Poland. He received the Nobel Peace Prize
in 1983, when the award still meant something.

...in 1992, 1,800 US Marines arrived in Mogadishu, Somalia, driving a multi-national force that aimed at restoring order in the country riddled with corruption and civil war. Somalia was under the colonial rule of several countries and gained its freedom in 1960. By the end of the decade, a despot named Major General Muhammad Siad Barre took power and declared Somalia a communist state. A mid 1970s drought and a failed revolution resulted in millions of Somalis being homeless and driven into neighborhing Ethiopia. The drought continued, and the hunger in Ethiopia was a tragedy of the 1980s. In January, 1991, Barre was forced to flee the capital and over the next 23 months, civil war killed at least 50,000 people and over 300,000 died of starvation. UN forces struggled to maintain order and provide in the face of warring factions that stuggled for power. The Marines were sent in by President George H.W. Bush in December 1992 but the violence continued. The UN authorized the arrest of Genearl Mohammed Farah Aidid, leader of a rebel clan that was responsible for the murder of 24 Pakistani UN soldiers. On October 3, 1993, while trying to make the arrest, rebels shot down two Marine Black Hawk helicopters. Horrified Americans quickly grew tired of the humanitarian effort. In response, President Bill Clinton pulled all Americans out of Somalia without completing the mission. Other western countries also pulled out, and 16 years later, Somalia continues to struggle with warring tribes and a weak government.

For more about the botched Somali expedition, see Mark Bowden's Black Hawk Down (http://inquirer.philly.com/packages/somalia/) from the Philadelphia Inquirer. It is compelling reading.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Black_Hawk_Down_Rangers_under_fire_October_3%2C_19 93.jpg
This image is the only known photograph
taken on the ground during the Oct 3, 1993
battle when the two Marine helicopters were
shot down. The photo was taken by Lt. James
Lechner, who is Lt. Col. Lechner today.

...in 1963, the last Studebaker came off the assembly line at the South Bend, Indiana factory. The Studebaker Brothers (John and Clement) started building horse drawn vehicles in the middle of the 19th Century and made the changeover to automobile production in the early stages of the 20th Century. (John Studebaker went west in 1849 to make his fortune during the California Gold Rush. He did make a fortune there, not by mining gold, but by mining miners and selling them wheelbarrows and other implements. He returned and used his earnings to build wagons.) In 1902, the company began to build electric automobiles and later, gasoline powered cars. Studebaker subsidiaries made STP Products, Onan Power Generation equipment, Gravely Tractors, Clarke Floor Machines and the General Products Division, which fuliflled government contracts. Studebaker built large, powerful automobiles but during the depression, they suffered as all manufacturers did. During WWII, Srudebaker built an amphibious vehicle called the Weasel, 6x6 trucks and engines for the B-17 Flying Fortress. Following WWII, the independent auto makers had to scramble to keep up with the Big 3. Studebaker came to the market with Rayond Loewry's innovative designs, such as the Champion Starliner. It was arguably the first pony car but a full ten years ahead of the Ford Mustang. In an effort of mutual survival, Studebaker and Packard merged in 1954 but it only prolonged the inevitable. After the last car was built in South Bend, Studebakers continued to be built in Hamilton, Ontario but the end came in 1966. The subsidiaries continued under the name Studebaker-Worthington, but eventually, that was also aquired and assets sold off. The General Products Division was aquired by Kaiser Industries and continues to build government vehicles under the name AM General, such as mail trucks and military Humvees.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Lincoln%20Highway/IM003554.jpg
Ab Jenkins drove this 1927 Studebaker Commander from New York to San Francisco, on the Lincoln Highway, 3,302 miles in 77 hours and 40 minutes. It was just one of many speed records he set, several at the Bonneville Salt Flats, before becoming the mayor of Salt Lake City.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Lincoln%20Highway/BendixWoods.jpg
The Studebaker Test Track is located just west of South Bend. It was purchased by Bendix that built a facility here. The rest of the land was donated to the county for the Bendix Woods Park. Note the test track, still extant. The Studebakers planted 5,000 trees that spell the family name, visible from space.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 52 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1901, the first Nobel Prize was awarded. Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, was conflicted over his invention and left his fortune to fund the award. It is to be given in five categories to recognize extraordinary achievement. (One cannot help but wonder if Alfred Nobel would use dynamite to express his dismay over what has happened to his award today.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/AlfredNobel_adjusted.jpg/225px-AlfredNobel_adjusted.jpg
Alfred Nobel (1833 - 1896)

...in 1915, the 1,000,000 Ford was built in Dearborn, Michigan. Some historical reports tell us it was the one millionth Model T, but that is not the case. Ford Motor Company began building cars in 1903, with the Model A. The Model T was not introduced until 1908, until the runs of Models A, B, K and N came to an end.

http://powellriver.vccc.com/gfx/1915 Model T.JPG
The 1915 Model T was the last of the "brass" Fords, that is,
the radiator shell was made of brass for the last model year.
The Model T was known as the car that put America on wheels,
but was more affectionately known as the Tin Lizzie of Flivver.

...in 1845, R.W. Thompson received an English patent for a new type of carriage tyre, inflated tubes of heavy rubber stretched around the rim of the wheel and covered with leather. The world's first pneumatic tyre became popular on carriages and later made the automobile a truely practical device. (Later, circa 1888, John Boyd Dunlop invented the rubber pneumatic tyre.)

http://www.speedace.info/tyre_images/tyre_history_r_w_thompson_invention_1845.gif
Thompson, who also developed a practical fountain pen and
other modern marvels, actually had several small tubes inside his
tyre, an actually superior design to the later single-tube tyre. Thompson's
design could take several punctures before going flat and could be adjusted
for conditions.

...in 1967, Otis Redding and members of the Bar-Kays band died in a plane crash in Madison, Wisconsin. The plane came down in Lake Monona, one of the two lakes that border the isthmus that is the location of Madison, the seat of Wisconsin government and the location of the University of Wisconsin. Ben Cauley of the Bar-Kays survived the crash and reported that one moment, he was relaxing in the plane and the next, he was holding on to a seat cushion in the frigid waters. Four months after his death, Otis Redding's last recording, Sittin' on the Dock of the Bay was released. It reached the top spot on the charts and was his first No. 1 hit. Even though his brief career was cut short, Redding is recognized as one of the most influential artists of the 1960s and is often called the "King of Soul." Often overlooked is that Redding wrote and recorded Respect that later became Aretha Franklin's signature song. Respect is #5 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of The Greatest 500 Songs of All Time.

http://3.media.tumblr.com/jDqhUMq2Mjy7hr2bAjQwhdu5o1_400.jpg
Otis Redding (1941-1967)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 72 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1985, a computer store owner in Sacramento, California died when a mailed package exploded in his hands. Hugh Scrutton was the first victim of a man who would become known as the "Unabomber." The name came from his early attacks that were made against universities, for example, his very first bomb exploded on May 25, 1978 at the Chicago campus of the University of Illinois. Over a 15 year period, sporadic bombings kept authorities off his trail but in the mid 1990's he suddenly changed his MO, probably to increase his fame. He demanded that the press publish his manifesto and he would stop the bombings. The New York Times and Washington Post published portions of his manuscript, mostly rants against technology and in favor of environmentalism. David Kaczynski recognized the style as that of his brother, Ted. Police found him inside a small cabin in remote Montana with bombs. Today, Ted Kaczynski is serving a life sentence.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Unabomber-cabin.jpg
Ted Kaczynski built and lived in this
cabin outside Lincoln, Montana.

...in 1941, spare tires were outlawed - no, not what you think. New cars were not supplied with spare tires because of the shortage of rubber, brought on by World War II.

...in 1941, Germany officially declared war on the United States. The attack on Pearl Harbor surprised Adolph Hitler, too, who wanted to bring the United States into the war but wasn't sure how. The sneak attack answered his question and the declaration of war followed on December 11.

...in 1872, Buffalo Bill Cody appeared on stage in a Chicago based play entitled The Scout of the Prairie. Unlike the many copy-cats who emulated him, William Frederick Cody actually was a scout, hunter, Indian fighter and teamster. He rode with the Pony Express, fought in the Civil War with several groups and was hired by the army after the war to scout and aid in the Indian Wars. After his military stint, he served as a guide for hunters to wished to experience the wild west while it still existed. One of his hunting clients was a dime novel writer who made Buffalo Bill a larger-than-life hero of many the of the little volumes. Once Cody heard the applause, he was hooked and never looked back. He opened his WIld West Show in 1883 and was widely known for his biggest stars, Annie Oakly and Chief Sitting Bull. (The show was still touring when he died in 1917.) Buffalo Bill even dabbled in the movies, begining in 1894 when Thomas Edison filmed seven acts of the Wild West Show. Buffalo Bill's estate. Scout's Rest is located in North Platte, Nebraska and is now a park, open for tours.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/codysadd.gif
William Frederick "Buffalo Bill" Cody

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Annie_Oakley.jpg
Phoebe Ann Mozee
1860 - 1926
aka Annie Oakley

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 62 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1941, under the law of angary (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angary), the US Navy seized the largest and most luxurious ocean liner in the world, France's SS Normandie, which was docked in New York harbor at the time. After the fall of France, the Nazi's took control under the Vichy Government. The ship was seized in New York Harbor in order to prevent it from falling into the hands of the Nazis when it returned to France. The Normandie was, and perhaps remains, the greatest ocean liner every built. After seizure, the ship was rechristened the USS Lafayette and was destined to be a troop ship. (You may recall that the Marquis de Lafayette was a French general who aided the colonies win the Revolutionary War.) Also, as is often the case with rechristened ships, bad luck followed. The Lafayette caught fire and burned at the dock. Expensive salvage operations followed, but the wreck was too far gone to be useable. The hulk sat through the war, then was scrapped in 1946 - a sad end to the queen of the oceans.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/SS_Normandie_postcard.jpg
The SS Normandie.The third funnel was a dummy to balance the appearance
of the vessel and actually contained a dog kennel.

...in 1917, 31 year old priest, Father Edward J. Flanagan, opened a sanctuary in Omaha, Nebraska for negelcted and troubled children, with six boys as his first guests. Father Flanagan had run a sanctuary for displaced workers, but he knew that orphans and mistreated children could turn to criminals in time. His haven became known as Boys' Town and was soon filled to overflowing. In 1918, the facility moved to the former German-American Home, which became the most hated building in town when World War I broke out. That too, was soon overcrowded and in 1921, Boys' Town moved to a farm about 10 miles west of town. It grew to a full campus of facilites, including a school system and its own zip code. The city of Omaha has since grown around Girls and Boys Town, as it is known today, and it remains a beacon of hope for those who need it. (Father Flanagan was portrayed by Spencer Tracy in the 1938 film, Boys Town with Mickey Rooney. Tracy would win the Best Actor Oscar for the picture, which was donated to Boys Town. The line, "He ain't heavy, he's my brother" came from this movie.)

https://www.boystown.org/AboutUs/PublishingImages/heaintheavy.jpg
He ain't heavy, Father.
He's my brother.

...in 1913, Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece, The Mona Lisa was recovered, more than two years after it had been stolen from the Louvre Museum in Paris. The painting was recovered from the hotel room of Vincenzo Peruggia in Florence. Peruggia had worked at the Louvre, and with accomplices dressed as janitors, lifted the painting on August 21, 1911. It is arguably the most famous painting in the world, a portrait of the wife of wealthy Florentine businessman Francesco del Gioconda, painted in 1504. The image is of a woman with an enigmatic smile, aloof and aluring. Peruggia was convicted of theft in Italy and served just 14 months in jail. Today, the painting is back in the Louvre, under bullet-proof glass, where it is seen by millions of tourists each year. The beloved painting is often discussed and fondly parodied.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Mona_Lisa.jpg/250px-Mona_Lisa.jpg

http://simpline.free.fr/simpson/Lisa/S_MonaLisa.jpg

...in 1965, rookie running back sensation, Gayle Sayers, tied the NFL record for most touchdowns scored in a single game. Sayers scored six touchdowns in the Chicago-San Francisco game, held at Wrigley Field. A standout All-American at Kansas, he was drafted by the NFL Chicago Bears and AFL Kansas City Chiefs. He elected to play for the Bears, scored his first touchdown in the second game of the '65 season, on his way to amassing 2,272 all-purpose yards and 22 touchdowns. Due to serious knee injuries, his career was cut short and he retired in 1970 after just six seasons. Sayers became the youngest inductee to be elected to the the Pro Football Hall of Fame.

http://assets.chicagobears.com/images/history/hof-sayers.jpg
Gayle Sayers
(Photo courtesy of the
Chicago Bears.)


That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 53 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1900, Max Planck published his paper on the effect of radiation on "blackbody" substance, much in the way black holes pull in everything, including light. His breakthrough theory became the basis of quantum mechanics. It was such a breakthrough that Planck was awarded the 1918 Nobel Prize for Physics. My brother, The Rocket Scientist, once took about a half an hour and explained it to me, and I don't understand much more now than I did before he told me. I do know, though, that Planck's observation, that energy is both a wave and matter, together with Einstein's theory of relativity, make up the basis of modern physics.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Max_planck.jpg/180px-Max_planck.jpg
Max Planck (1858 - 1947)

...in 1939, the first production 1940 Lincoln Continental was finished. Edsel Ford had asked chief designer, Bob Gregorie, to come up with s stunning new design, based on the Zephyr platform already in production. The result was the Continental, and the prototype, built in 1939, became Edsel Ford's personal car. (It is still extant and has been restored.) The long nose and short deck influenced automotive design for decades, including over at GM, Chrysler and at Ford itself. (Think LeSabre, Riviera, El Dorado, Monte Carlo, Corvette, Cordoba and Mustang, for example.) The Continentals of the 1940s are considered some of the most beautiful automobiles every built.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/P833_71476_1939_Lincoln.jpg
Edsel Ford's personal Lincoln Continental was the only one built in
1939 as the prototype. The long nose and short deck became a staple of
Ford Motor Company design for decades, including the 1964 Mustang.

...in 1922, Louis Kissel and his sons, of Hartford, Wisconsin, began building the KisselKar and Kissel Automobiles in 1906. Along with Friedrich Werner, William Kissel invented a removable hard top to convert a closed car into an open touring car. They began building the cars in 1914, applied for a patent in 1917, and it was granted on December 12, 1922, released to them on December 13. The concept proved to be quite popular.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/kissel_patent.jpg

http://www.forneymuseum.org/images/Newsletters/AE_YellowPeril.jpg
The most famous Kissel was the Gold Bug Speedster.
Sadly, Kissel did not survive the Great Depression, but the
old Kissel factory is sitll in use in Hartford. Amelia Ehrhart
owned a Gold Bug she called "Yellow Peril." It is on display
at the Forney Museum in Denver, Colorado.

...in 1910, radio pioneer Lee DeForest arranged for a radio broadcast of the Metropolitan Opera. The broadcast featured Enrico Caruso in Cavalleria Rusticana and Pagliacci. Very few people had receivers, and no one knows how many people heard the broadcast. The Met did not broadcast again until 1922. The first network broadcast of the Met was on December 25, 1931 and the Met has broadcast performances ever since, the longest running network program of any kind. (The 2009-2010 radio broadcast season began December 12 with Puccini's Il Tritico. Click here to find a network station (http://www.operainfo.org/stationfinder/) near you.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Metropolitan_opera_1905.jpg/200px-Metropolitan_opera_1905.jpg
The Met Opera House opened in 1905
and served until 1966. It was demolished in
1967. The Met moved to the new Metropolitan
Opera House at Lincoln Center.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/70/Miltoncross.jpg/140px-Miltoncross.jpg
Milton Cross hosted the Met Broadcasts
from the beginning until his death in 1975.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 43 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1909, the paving of the Indianapolis Speedway was completed, using brick pavers the full 2-1/2 mile length of the track. Governor Thomas R. Marshall placed the last "golden" brick three days later at a dedication ceremony.The paving earned the world famous racetrack the nickname, "The Brickyard." The bricks are still there, underneath the asphalt paving that makes up the surface today, except for a three foot wide strip of unpaved bricks that comprise the start and finish line. The Indianapolis Motor Speedway was the brainchild of Carl G. Fisher, an Indianapolis entrepreneur, car dealer, manufacturer and motorist. Fisher also hatched the idea of America's first coast-to-coast, paved highway that would become the Lincoln Highway. He also created the Dixie Highway as a way for his northern friends to travel to Miami Beach, his development in Florida. Although Fisher died nearly penniless in 1939, his lasting legacy is the enduring home of the greatest spectacle in racing.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/Starting-line-at-the-Indianapolis-motor-speedway-1985.JPG/120px-Starting-line-at-the-Indianapolis-motor-speedway-1985.JPG
The "Yard of Brick" at the Brickyard, the start and finish line.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ims_aerial.jpg/300px-Ims_aerial.jpg
Indianapolis Motor Speedway

...in 1947, Daytona Beach, Florida was the location of a meeting that resulted in the formation of the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing, or NASCAR. The organization was the first for the sport of stock car racing, that started during the days of prohibition when bootlegger hotrods tried to outrun "revenuers." The champion car in the early years was the Hudson Hornet, but by 1957, the manufacturers had pulled out of racing and today's familiar NASCAR began.

http://www.legendsofnascar.com/marshall_teague03.jpg
Marshall Teague and the Fabulous Hudson Hornet

...in 1972, the last human footstep on the moon occurred when Astronaut Eugene A. Cernan left the lunar surface to climb aboard the lander. He said, "As I take man's last step from the surface, back home for some time to come — but we believe not too long into the future — I'd like to just [say] what I believe history will record — that America's challenge of today has forged man's destiny of tomorrow. And, as we leave the Moon at Taurus-Littrow, we leave as we came and, God willing, as we shall return, with peace and hope for all mankind. Godspeed the crew of Apollo 17."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Apollo_17_Cernan_on_moon.jpg/596px-Apollo_17_Cernan_on_moon.jpg
Eugene Cernan, photo by Harrison Schmitt,
who can be seen in a reflection on Cernan's
face shield.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 51 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1791, Virginia became the tenth state to ratify the first ten amendments ot the US Constitution, called The Bill of Rights, making it the law of the land. The Bill of Rights was inspired by the English Bill of Rights from 1689 and the Virginia Bill of Rights of 1776. There were actually 12 amendments proposed but only 10 passed. The two that did not concerned the population system of representation and the second prohibited congress from voting a pay raise for itself by requiring an intervening election cycle. The 11th never passed, but the 12th one, about congressional pay raises, was ratified in 1991.

...in 1967, at 5:00 PM, the Silver Bridge that crossed the Ohio River between Point Pleasant, West Virgina and Kanauga, Ohio, collapsed during rush hour. 46 people perished in the collapse. The 1928 bridge, which took its name from its aluminum paint, used an eyebar design that was prominent at the time of its construction. Other eyebar desgin Ohio River crossings were immediately closed for inspection. Eyebar #330 had developed a tiny stress crack, and when it reached 0.1" in depth, it went critical and failed soon after. Because all components of the bridge were balanced together, the failure of one component caused all the others to fail. Witnesses reported that the bridge collapse took about one minute. (The stress crack failure was discovered in the failure analysis. At the time, and inspection technique that would have located the crack was not available, short of dismantling the bridge.) The mysteries of "The Mothman Prophesies" add to the mystique of the area, and of the bridge collapse.

At the time of its construction, the typical automobile was light and small, a typical Model T weighed 1,500 pounds but by 1969, family cars were twice the size and two to two and a half times the weight. Bumper-to-bumper traffic jams, unheard of in 1928, were common in 1969. The bridge was severely overloaded on a daily basis.

As a result of the Silver Bridge Disaster, the NBIS, National Bridge Inspection Standard, was created. It mandates that all bridges in the United States, longer than 20 feet, must be inspected every two years.

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/byday/images/1215a.jpg
The Silver Bridge upon completion in 1928.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Silver_Bridge_collapsed%2C_Ohio_side.jpg
Bridge remains on the Ohio side, near Gallipolis, Ohio.

...in 1939, David O Selznick's Gone With the Wind opened in Atlanta, Georgia. The film broke all existing box office records. (If adjusted for inflation, the movie still tops Star Wars.) Gone With the Wind was nominated for 13 Academy Awards and won nine, including Best Picture, Best Screenplay, Best Actress and Hattie McDaniel became the first African-American to win an Oscar, it was for Best Supporting Actress in her role as Mammy, the house servant. Learn more at any one of many websites, such as Frankly My Dear dot Com ("http://www.franklymydear.com/).

...in 2001, 11 years and $27 million dollars later, the Leaning Tower of Pisa reopened after reinforcing the 12th Century foundation. Before completion, the bell tower of the cathedral of Pisa was already sinking into the soft soil and by the time the tower was completed in 1360, it was already several degrees off perpendicular. (Modern engineers are amazed it never fell.) By 1990, the tower was learning a full 15 feet off perpendicular and officials closed the tower so it could be repaired. Soils experts calculated a way to take up to 17 inches off the lean and reinforce the foundations. The tower reopened in 2001 and officials claim it will take 300 years for the tower to return to its 1990 position. Oh, yes, you can climb the tower again, but only as part of a guided tour group.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Leaning_tower_of_pisa_2.jpg/250px-Leaning_tower_of_pisa_2.jpg
A rare photo of the tower without some
moron pretending to be holding it up.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 59 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1951, "Ladies and gentlemen: the story you are about to hear is true. Only the names have been changed to protect the innocent" was heard as the introduction to a new television program that would make Jack Webb a television icon through the 1950s and 1960s. His new police show, Dragnet, made the successful move from radio to television on this date. The first episode of the series, The Human Bomb (actually adapted for television from a 1949 radio script) appeared as the first television episode. The distinctive theme music, entitled Danger Ahead, included the famous four note opening that is still mimicked to indicate when one is about to encounter the long arm of the law. (Who hasn't, at one time or another, sang "Dum, da dum dump!" when indicating that the jig was up?) Jack Webb insisted on realism, and the LA Police department even provided real badges for the actors to use during filming. Just as Captain Kirk never said, "Beam me up, Scotty!" Joe Friday never said, "Just the facts, Ma'am." Even though Dragnet is arguably the most parodied drama ever, right down to the steel hammer striking the "Mark VII" trademark at the end of every show, the short, staccato delivery and cut-to-the-chase story lines set the standard followed by every cop show since.

See Jack Webb parody himself with Johnny Carson on The Tonight Show (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4RIBhQIkII).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ae/Dragnet_title_screen.jpg
Dum, da dump dump!

...in 1826, Benjamin Edwards rode into the Mexican stronghold of Nacogdoches and proclaimed that he was the leader of the new Repulbic of Fredonia. Rebelling against the Mexican government without much backing, let alone a plan, wasn't a very bright idea although many of the Anglo settlers in Texas leaned towards a rebellion against Mexico. Edwards said the new republic would extend to the Rio Grande under the principles of independence, liberty and justice. A few weeks later, when the Mexican military was on the outskirts of Nacogdoches, Edwards made a run for the border - the American border - to make his escape. Less than ten years later, though, the revolution would establish the Republic of Texas. (Some of us, on reading this, will be singing "Hail! Hail, Fredonia! Land of the brave and the free!" It's Duck Soup (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d5cJuAtNcJA).)

...in 1998, President Bill Clinton ordered air strikes against Iraq for refusing to cooperate with the United Nations weapons inspectors. Iraqi dictator, Saddam Hussein, had been attempting to aquire weapons of mass destruction including nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, some of which he had used on his own people. The belligerent Hussein refused access to certain sites to the UN inspectors and out of frustration, Clinton launched air strikes to force cooperation. Unfortunately, the strikes came at the same time that President Clinton was undergoing scrutiny for the Lewinsky scandal, and his impeachment for lying, under oath, to Congress. He was accused of launching the air strikes in a "wag the dog" diversionary tactic to direct attention away from the scandal. The short attention span of the American public soon forgot about both issues, but the attacks on Iraq were a precursor to the invasion of Iraq, launched by President Bush, three years later for the very same reasons.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Desert_fox_missile.jpg/300px-Desert_fox_missile.jpg

...in 1944, the German army launched its last major offensive of World War II, Operation Mist. It became known as the Battle of the Bulge because the Germans were able to create a bulge in the Allied lines around the Ardennes forest. It was a last ditch effort of a desperate Hitler to push the Allies back to Belgium. 250,000 German soldiers made the offensive, representing 14 infantry divisions with five Panzer tank division against 80,000 Americans. The assault came against a soft fortification along an 80 mile stretch of the Ardennes Forest, thought to be too difficult to traverse to be the site of an offensive. English speaking German commandos, using stolen American uniforms, jeeps and trucks, infiltrated the lines, sabotaged communication and caused confusion and general mayhem. Americans were identified by other Americans, including General Omar Bradley himself, by asking questions about baseball, comics and Betty Grable. One tragedy occurred when SS troops massacred 72 American prisoners at Malmedy. The ferocious battle continued until the weather cleared and the superior American air force was able to bomb and strafe German positions, turning the tide of the battle.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Battle_of_the_Bulge.jpg/300px-Battle_of_the_Bulge.jpg
American soldiers in the Ardennes during the Battle of the Bulge.

...in 1773, a group of Massachusetts colonists, disguised as Mohawk Indians, boarded three British ships in Boston Harbor and tossed 342 chests of tea into the water. The midnight raid became known as "The Boston Tea Party" and was a demonstration against Parliament's Tea Act of 1773. The Tea Act was an attempt to save the faltering East India Tea Company and grant a virtual tea monopoly to the company. Sam Adams organized the tea party using men from his Sons of Liberty, an underground revolutionary force. The British government, outraged at the loss of $18,000 worth of British property, responded with the Coercive Acts in 1774. Those were known here as the Intolerable Acts, as they closed Boston to merchant shipping, granted immunity to British military rulers and forced the quartering of British troops in colonists' homes. The Intolerable Acts brought the American colonists together in a united front against British rule and began the march to revolution.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Boston_tea_party.jpg/400px-Boston_tea_party.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 58 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright made the first successful powered, heavier-than-air flight on the beach near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Orville Wright piloted the first flight, which lasted 12 seconds and covered 120 feet. They continued to develop their aircraft, keeping a low profile until they secured patents and contracts. When the Army Signal Corps ordered a special plane, they founded the Wright Company to build airplanes. Wilbur died of typhoid fever in 1912, and Orville took over leadership of the Wright Company. His distaste for administration caused him to sell the company in 1915, although he would work as a spokesman for aviation until his death in 1948, his life spanning horse-and-buggy to supersonic flight. (He rode in the Lockheed Constellation, serial number 2, piloted by Howard Hughes, when he remarked that the wingspan was longer than his first flight.) The 1903 Wright Flyer is on permanent display in Washington at the Air and Space Museum. (The field that the Wrights used in Dayton for their experiments is a part of the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio.)

http://media.nasm.si.edu/webimages/640/SI2003-3463_640.jpg

...in 1944, Public Proclamation No. 21 declared that Japanese Americans, held in internment camps, could return to their homes beginning on January 2, 1945. In one of America's more shameful chapters of history, 10 weeks after the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, Americans of Japanese ancestry were relocated to internment camps in remote, and some awful, locations around the country. The interned people were all transported to the detention camps by the government, but when they were released, they had to find their own transportation home. Of the 10 Americans convicted of spying for the Japanese during the war, none of them were of Japanese ancestry. In 1988, President Ronald Reagan signed a bill to recompense surviving Japanese Americans who were detained. Each received a check in the amount of $20,000.00 and an apology.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Manzanar_Flag.jpg/779px-Manzanar_Flag.jpg
Manzanar was one of ten internment camps used by the War Department to detain American citizens of
Japnese descent. Manzanar, which means "apple orchard" in Spanish, was far from a garden spot. Located
about 230 miles northeast of Los Angeles, it is in the desert of Owens Valley at the foot of California's Sierra Nevada.

...in 1979, Stan Barrett piloted the Budweiser Rocket Car to an unofficial speed of 739.666 MPH at Rogers Dry Lake, California. He was the first person to drive a land vehicle faster than the speed of sound.

http://media.popularmechanics.com/images/bud-rocket-0909.jpg
The Budweiser Rocket car is considered to be the first
land-based vehicle to break the sound barrier.

...in 1843, Charles Dickens' immortal story, A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost Story of Christmas was published in London. The classic tale of an old, bitter miser, Ebeneezer Scrooge, being converted overnight by visits of ghosts into a generous and gracious man, has been transcribed for theater, opera, film, radio and television, not to mention parodies and rewrites. The name of the lead character, Scrooge, has also entered the lexicon as a term for a hard-hearted, curmudgeonly tightwad and for misers in general. Scrooge's catchphrase, "BAH! Humbug!" is often used at Christmastime, either to show disgust of commercialism or just in jest.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/A_Christmas_Carol_-_Ignorance_and_Want.jpg/200px-A_Christmas_Carol_-_Ignorance_and_Want.jpg
Scrooge Encounters Ignorance and Want

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 57 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1898, the first official world land speed record was set by Count Gaton de Chasseloup-Laubat near Paris. In a Jeantaud, an electric vehicle powered by batteries, he set the record at 39.245 mph. The Jeantaud might have been the first vehicle to use a steering wheel instead of a tiller.

...in 1620, 102 passengers from the British ship Mayflower set foot on the shore of modern day Plymouth, Massachusetts. The group of Puritans, dubbed "Pilgrims" by by William Bradford (who would eventually become the governor of the colony) the group had been accused of treason for leaving the state-sanctioned Church of England (a point that would mean a great deal in the formation of a new country 156 years later) and left the country, settling in Holland. They did not flourish in the Netherlands, either, and they sought backing from London to settle a colony in the New World. Contrary to legend, there was no rock at Plymouth Rock, and there were no friendly Indians to welcome them. In fact, they built a settlement in a clearing the Wampanoag tribe had abandoned after suffering an outbreak of a European disease. In the Spring, the colonists signed a treaty with the tribal chief, Massasoit. As more colonists came to the area, the entire area became known as the Massachusetts Bay Association. (On a personal note, my 11th Great Grandfather, William Colver, today spelled Culver, settled in the colony in 1630. If you are a member of the Culver family, we may be related.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Plymouth_Rock.JPG/250px-Plymouth_Rock.JPG
Plymouth Rock was not mentioned in any
contemporary documents of the landing, in fact,
it was not mentioned until 120 years later. The Rock
is today housed in a memorial.

...in 1888, Richard Wetherill and his brother in law, Charles Mason, cattle ranchers in southwest Colorado, managed to find the ancient Indian ruins of Mesa Verde. While hunting for maverick cattle, the pair was approached by Acowitz, a Ute Indian, who told them, "Deep in that canyon and near its head are many houses of the old people, the Ancient Ones...Utes never go there, it is a sacred place." The ruins were left by the Anasazi people, subsequent studies of the Cliff Palace show that it was built in the 13th Century. Wetherall and Mason collected many artifacts that are now in museums. Many more were looted, so Congress made the area Mesa Verde National Park in 1906.

http://www.nps.gov/archive/meve/images/cliff_palace/cp_panoramic.jpg
The Cliff Palace, Mesa Verde National Park

...in 1865, the 13th amendment was officially adopted in the U.S. Constitution after ratification by three quarters of the states. The 13th Amendment states that "...neither slavery nor involuntary servitude...shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." The subject of slavery had plagued the country from the very beginning. Leaders of the Republican Party and Abraham Lincoln did not seek to abolish slavery prior to Lincoln's election, but to prevent expansion of slavery into new territories and states. Southern leaders saw that as a threat, and upon Lincoln's election in 1860 began the mechanism of seven states to secede from the Union. Shortly after Lincoln's inauguration, four more states seceded and the Civil War began. With no representatives to block them, the remaining United States representatives abolished the runaway slave laws, prohibited slavery in states and territories, and allowed freed slaves to join the Union army and aid the fight. Lincoln had issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, but as the war was winding down, Lincoln knew the war measure would have no constitutional clout after the states were reunited, prompting the passage of the 13th Amendment, finally ending the institution 246 years after it started.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 42 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1972, the last lunar mission in Project Apollo splashed down safely in the Pacific Ocean. Apollo 17 had launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida on the 7th. The mission lasted 12 days, 13 hours, 52 minutes including 75 hours of EVA on the surface of the moon. The flight to the moon, otherwise called a "translunar coast" went so perfectly that only one of four planned mid-coast course corrections needed to be made. Apollo 17 remains the last time that man walked on the moon.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Apollo_17_-_Nachtstart.jpg/800px-Apollo_17_-_Nachtstart.jpg
Apollo 17 was the first nighttime launch of a manned space mission.

...in 1998, President Bill Clinton became the second President in history to be impeached, charged with lying under oath to a federal grand jury and obstructing justice. On January 7, 1999, the trial began and on February 12, the Senate voted for aquital on both articles. President Clinton said he was "profoundly sorry" for the burden he put on Congress and the American public by his behavior.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/Bill_Clinton__Lewins_31996s.jpg
"I did not have sexual relations with that woman,
Miss Lewinsky, I never told anybody to lie, not a
single time." Sure, Bill, except you never should
have said that to the Grand Jury. On the whole,
Monica Lewinski just wants her dress back.

...in 1777, the Continental Army, under the command of General George Washington, settled into Winter quarters in Valley Forge, just 22 miles from the British Army's winter quarters in Philadelphia. The Schuylkill River separated the two armies, General Washington thought Valley Forge would be a site that could be defended, in case the British did decide to launch a Winter offensive. The Winter of 1777-1778 was a terrible Winter, but the army stayed together out of respect for Washington and the burning flames of patriotism. Hundreds died from disease over the Winter, but the Prussian military adviser, Frederick von Steuben kept morale high by training and marching. When the army marched out in June of 1778, it was a far more disciplined and spirited unit than had gone into Winter quarters. The army won the Battle of Monmouth on June 28, 1778.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2b/Washington-at-ValleyForge.jpg/250px-Washington-at-ValleyForge.jpg

...in 1994, an era came to an end when Rolls-Royce announced that all future automobiles it produced would be powered by a 12-cylinder engine manufactured by Germany's BMW. For many years, Rolls-Royce engines were some of the finest in the world, powering not only automobiles, but ships and aircraft.

http://fortune.asia/galleries/2008/fortune/0804/gallery.boeing_dreamliner.fortune/images/07_XO3B8439.jpg
Wanna build an airliner? You might choose the Rolls-Royce
Trent 1000 engine. It's a reasonable $17 million and you probably
only need two of them.

...in 1732, Poor Richard's Almanack was published for the first time by Benjamin Franklin. The book was filled with proverbs, pithy statements and advice for hard work and self discipline. Such as wasting time: But dost thou love life? Then do not squander time, for that's the stuff life is made of. Sleep later: There will be sleeping enough in the grave. Speaking of...Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. Well, good luck then, Richard. Diligence is the mother of good luck.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Poor_Richard_Almanack_1739.jpg/300px-Poor_Richard_Almanack_1739.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 40 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1941, after Adolph Hitler took command of the German Army, he insisted that the offensive against Russia must continue. The Chief of the German Army, General Franz Halder, was also told that he could stay on as chief of the army as long as he understood that Hitler was the undisputed Führer. Halder, a career soldier, feared that "this madman" would throw Germany into war, starting with controversy over the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia. He had talked with associates about removing Hitler from power, and even began to plan an assassination, but when British Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlin, gave away the store, Halder learned to live with "the madman." When the assassination attempt was made on Hitler's life (the subject of the 2009 movie Valkyrie) Halder was arrested, even though he was not a part of the conspiracy. He spent the rest of the war in prison, and after he was liberated by the US Army, he began to write his memoirs. His work was a major component of William Shirer's monumental tome The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. Halter died in 1972, in Bavaria.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1970-052-08%2C_Franz_Halder.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1970-052-08%2C_Franz_Halder.jpg
Generaloberst Franz Halder
June 30, 1884 – April 2, 1972

...in 1980, after continuous carping by fans over the incessant chatter of play-by-play commentators, NBC broadcast the meaningless game between the New York Jets and Miami Dolphins without commentary. There was audio, the only sounds were from the crowd and public address announcer. It was...weird. It was also the only NFL game every broadcast without play-by-play announcers.

...in 1860, South Carolina ratified articles of secession and became the first state to leave the Union, as we discussed on December 18. Within weeks, six other states left the Union and formed the Confederate States of America. In April, 1861, the Civil War erupted and four more states left the Union to join the Confederacy.

...in 1957, "Greetings from your Uncle Sam!" So opened the letter received by Elvis Presley at Graceland, his newly purchased mansion in Memphis, where he was spending the Christmas holidays with his family. By the end of 1957, Elvis had a string of gold records (Heartbreak Hotel, Blue Suede Shoes, Don't Be Cruel, Hound Dog) and a movie, Love Me Tender, and he was established as a national icon and the first genuine star of rock 'n' roll. Despite thousands of letters from his fans, written to the Department of Defense, there was no deferment coming and Elvis graciously reported for duty - after one deferment was granted so he could finish making the movie King Creole. He was stationed in Friedberg, Germany as a member of the 32nd Tank Batallion and he reached the rank of sergeant. He lived off-base with his family so he could practice, jam, and attend parties. At one party, he was introduced to Priscilla Beaulieu, which is another story in itself. Back home, Col. Tom Parker, his manager, continued to release singles that Elvis recorded before being drafted, to keep him in the national spotlight. His army service was an event and even inspired a Broadway musical, Bye, Bye, Birdie! (http://www.broadwaymusicalhome.com/shows/birdie.htm).

http://www.3ad.org/elvis/images/3ad_elvis32.jpg
Sergeant Elvis A.. Presley (http://www.3ad.org/elvis/elvis_home.htm)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 37 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1988, on the way from London to New York, Pan Am Flight 103 exploded over Lockerbie, Scotland. All 243 passengers and 16 crewmembers perished in the explosion and crash. In addition, 11 residents of Lockerbie died in the crash. A bomb, hidden inside a cassette tape player in the luggage area, exploded when the place reached 31,000 feet. Britain's largest criminal investigation in history followed the disaster, believed to be an attack against the United States. (189 of the passengers were Americans.) British investigators and FBI agents found the bomb had been planted by two inteligence agents from Libya, Abdel Basset Ali al-Megrahi and Lamen Khalifa Fhimah. Libya refused extradition. Libya, in order to ease United Nations trade sanctions, agreed to turn over the two suspects on the agreement that they be tried Holland under Scottish law. al-Megrahi was convicted while Fhimah was acquitted. Libya never admitted carrying out the bomb plot but finally accepted responsiblity for the bombing in 2003 but has never expressed remorse. Libya agreed to pay each victim's family $8 million in restitution. Pan Am Airlines went bankrupt three years later, but sued Libya and received a $30 million settlement.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/ff/PA103cockpit4.png/230px-PA103cockpit4.png
The nose of the Clipper Maid of
the Seas after the bombing.

...in 1937, the first-ever, full-length, animated feature film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs made its debut. The film took three years and cost Disney $1.4 million to make, an unheard of sum in those days, but it recovered the investment shortly after its release. It was the highest grossing film until it was passed by Gone With the Wind two years later. The classic film received only one Academy Award nomination - best score - and lost. The Academy gave Walt Disney an honorary Oscar (there was no category for Full Length Animated Feature) that was comprised of one standard Oscar statue with 7 miniature Oscars next to it.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/snowwhiteoscar.jpg

...in 1945, one of the most effective, and most controversial, generals of World War II met his end. General George S. Patton, "Old Blood and Guts" died not in battle, but in a freak car accident, at the age of 60. He was descended from a long line of military men, in fact, he was convinced that he was the reincarnation of an ancient general. He graduated from West Point in 1909, represented the US in the 1912 Olympics (he did not medal) and served in the tank corps during World War I, which made him an advocate of armoured cavalry. Patton was a brilliant and quick-witted commander, his unorthodox methods brought great success but didn't always win him popularity. An audacious movement allowed Patton's army to storm across Sicily, freeing Palermo before the British, under Field Marshall Montgomery, could get there, much to Montgomery's embarrassment. When General Tony McAuliff's 101st Airborne was surrounded in Bastogne, Belgium during the Battle of the Bulge, the Germans demanded surrender. McAuliff replied, "NUTS!" and the battle continued. Patton's Third Army had already begun a sharp turn to move north in order to meet the Germans and relieve Bastogne, even before General Eisenhower so ordered the move. His unorthodox, but brilliant strategy, relieved the 101st within four days. Patton was outspoken with views often contrary to his superiors and Presidential foreign policy, earning him as much ridicule as praise. He broke his neck in the car wreck and died on this date, two weeks after the accident.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Pattonphoto.jpg/250px-Pattonphoto.jpg
General George S. Patton

...in 1968, Astronauts Frank Borman, James Lovell, Jr. and William Anders climbed aboard Apollo 8 and rode the huge Saturn V rocket to earth orbit then to orbit around the moon, the first lunar mission. Although Apollo 8 was not scheduled to make a lunar landing, it did serve as a dress rehearsal for moon orbit and docking. Apollo 8 went into lunar orbit on Christmas eve. The three astronauts were the first men to see the dark side of the moon, and the first to see the entire planet Earth. They brought back stunning photos of the moon and the earth.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/NASA-Apollo8-Dec24-Earthrise.jpg/600px-NASA-Apollo8-Dec24-Earthrise.jpg
Earthrise, December 24, 1968

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 43 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1956, Colo was born in Columbus, Ohio. Who? Colo, the gorilla, was the first gorilla born in captivity. Prior to her birth, gorillas for zoos were captured in the wild, but they had to be young enough to handle, which often meant bloodshed for the gorilla's parents and family. With the successful birth, the need to capture gorillas in the wild began to come to an end. Gorillas are peaceful animals, vegetarians, and their only natural enemy is man. In the wild, gorillas have an average life span of 35 years, but in captivity, gorillas live to about 50. Today, Colo is 53 years old and she still resides at the Columbus Zoo. Her name, Colo, came from her location, Columbus, Ohio. She had three children, Emmy, Oscar and Toni. (Emmy was named for the Mayor of Columbus, M.E. Sensenbrenner. Oscar was born right after the Academy Awards and Toni right after the Broadway awards. Her second generation produced 16 grandchildren, who in turn, produced four great grandchildren and 2 great great grandchildren.

http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/images/813.jpg
Colo

...in 1952, a prototype vehicle that was ready for production was completed. The two seat sports car, that is rumored to have cost $60,000.00 to build (an astronomical figure for 1952) had been conceived by Harley Earl, the chief of the design and color studios for General Motors. Inspired by the Jaguar XK-120, the car was named the Corvette after the lightweight and maneuverable warship, and went into production in 1953. The first cars were hand built and powered by the rather lackluster Chevrolet "Blue Flame" six cylinder engine. Only 300 were built, and many were given away. GM was seriously considering shelving the project until two things happened in 1954. Russian emigre, Zora Arkus-Duntov coupled Chevrolet's brand new V8 engine to a three speed transmission and made the Corvette a performance car. The other thing was Ford introduced a two-seat "personal luxury car" called the Thunderbird, and Chevrolet had to meet the challenge. Ther rest, as they say, is history.

http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/1953-corvette-6.jpg
The first Corvette off the assembly line came on
June 30, 1953. Chevrolet did not have a facility that
could mass produce the vehicles and few were sold to
the public until the 1954 model year, when an assembly
plant was built. The oldest surviving Corvette, serial #1003,
was recently sold at auction for $1 million.

...in 1884, John Chisum died in Eureka Springs, Arkansas. Chisum, who was played by John Wayne in a highly fictionalized movie of the same name, was a major player in the Lincoln County cattle war. A large, successful rancher, Chisum blazed the Chisum Trail for cattle drives to market, but a large operation like Chisum's was bound to attract attention. Chisum claimed he lost 10,000 head of cattle to rustlers and also lost contracts to the US Government to a consortium of smaller ranchers that also supported the rustlers. A deputy was shot and killed, and the war erupted. Fed up with it all, Chisum hired William Bonney, aka Billy the Kid, and cowboys became gunslingers. Chisum lost much of his power and wealth as a result of the Lincoln County War, but when he died three years later, he was still worth well over a half a million dollars, an impressive sum in 1884.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/JohnSimpsonChisum.JPG/180px-JohnSimpsonChisum.JPG

...in 1941, Winston Churchill arrived in Washington, DC for talks with Franklin Delano Roosevelt to define an Anglo-American strategy for war and peace. The United States had remained out of the conflict, but the attack on Pearl Harbor changed all that. They determined a joint staff for strategic planning and to begin to plan for a unified invasion of the continent. Included with the plans was the introduction of 26 nations that joined in the fight against the Axis powers. The group was called the United Nations.

...in 1944, a German surrender party, consisting of two officers and two NCOs, and carrying a white flag, approached the perimeter of American forces that were trapped in the Belgian town of Bastogne. The Germans had completely surrounded the Americans, and the German party was carrying a message from the German commander that demanded the surrender of the American forces. When General Tony McAuliff heard there was a German party demanding to talk surrender terms, he was baffled, wondering why they wanted to surrender. When told the Americans were expected to surrender, he said, "Us? Surrender? Aw, nuts!" The note read as follows:

To the U.S.A. Commander of the encircled town of Bastogne.

The fortune of war is changing. This time the U.S.A. forces in and near Bastogne have been encircled by strong German armored units. More German armored units have crossed the river Our near Ortheuville, have taken Marche and reached St. Hubert by passing through Hompre-Sibret-Tillet. Libramont is in German hands.

There is only one possibility to save the encircled U.S.A. troops from total annihilation: that is the honorable surrender of the encircled town. In order to think it over a term of two hours will be granted beginning with the presentation of this note.

If this proposal should be rejected one German Artillery Corps and six heavy A. A. Battalions are ready to annihilate the U.S.A. troops in and near Bastogne. The order for firing will be given immediately after this two hours' term.

All the serious civilian losses caused by this artillery fire would not correspond with the well known American humanity.

The German Commander.

McAuliffe knew a reply was in order but had no idea what to say. His staff told him his original reply would be best, so General McAuliff wrote, "To the German Commander: Nuts! The American Commander." The German commander is reported to have said, "Was ist das, 'Nuts!'?" (What does that mean, "Nuts!"?) The fighting resumed, brought to an end only after General Patton arrived to relieve Bastogne, but on this date, an American legend was born.

http://www.thedropzone.org/europe/Bulge/nuts.JPG
General Anthony McAuliffe, December 27, 1944

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 58 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1944, the execution sentence of Private Eddie Slovik was upheld by General Dwight Eisenhower. Slovik would be shot in January of 1945, by a firing squad, as the result of being convicted of desertion. He was the first soldier to be shot for the crime since the Civil War and the only one during World War II. Eddie Slovik was born in 1920 in Detroit, Michigan. He had several run-ins with the law, at the age of 12 with some other boys, he broke into a foundry and stole some brass to sell to scrappers. He quit school at 15, went to jail in 1937 for petty larceny, was paroled in 1938 but in 1939, he was arrested for grand theft auto after getting drunk, stealing a car and wrecking it. His prison record classified him 4F in the draft, unfit for duty. When personnel needs came high, Slovik was reclassified 1A and was drafted, trained as a rifleman and shipped to Europe to be a replacement - a status not well respected by officers. In his first action, he took cover from an artillery attack and got separated from his outfit. He hooked up with a Canadian MP unit, and was reunited with his Company G 28 days later. The next day, he deserted. He came back the next day, but signed a statement that he would desert again, rather than face the perils of battle. His CO, lawyers and others urged him to recant and report for duty, but he refused. The court marshal found him guilty and sentenced him to death by firing squad. Appeals went all the way to General Eisenhower, who was embroiled in the Battle of the Bulge. 71 American POWs had just been murdered by the SS, and Eisenhower had no sympathy for someone afraid to fight, and did not commute the sentence. No one in the firing squad flinched, nor had any regrets. Slovik's wife, Antoinette, spent the rest of her life trying to receive a Presidential Pardon for her husband but none ever came. She died in 1979. He was executed near the village of Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines and buried at Fere-en-Tardenois with 96 other soldiers executed for murder and rape. The 97 headstones were only numbered, making it impossible to locate remains without a key to the code. Using that key, Slovik's remains were exhumed and shipped to Detroit, where he was re-interred next to his wife, Antoinette.

http://s3.amazonaws.com/findagrave/photos/2001/222/slovikeddie.jpg
The Detroit grave of Eddie Slovik (http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=3134&pt=Eddie%20Slovik)

...in 1948, Hideki Tojo and six other top Japanese leaders of World War II were executed by hanging in Tokyo. Tojo had been the premier and chief of the Kwantung Army and was found guilty of committing war crimes. Also hanged that day were General Kenji Doihara (who had engineered the Mukden Incident in 1931) Iwane Matsui (who organized the Rape of Nanking) Heitaro Kimura (who abused prisoners of war) General Akira Muto (former chief of staff in the Philippines) Koki Hirota (ex-Premier, 1936-37) and ex-War Minister Seishiro Itagaki.

Sixteen other Japanese leaders were sentenced to life in prison and others received lesser terms.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Hideki_Tojo.jpg/225px-Hideki_Tojo.jpg
Hideki Tojo
December 30, 1884 - Decmber 23, 1948
His last words were to apologize for the
atrocities committed by the Japanese army,
and he asked the Americans to take pity on
the Japanese citizens who had endured so
much during the war.

...in 1972, Franco Harris made an incredible catch of a deflected pass, and ran it for a touchdown to give the Pittsburgh Steelers a last-minute victory over the Oakland Raiders, 13-7. The catch has become known as "The Immaculate Reception" that, to this day, is debated by fans everywhere. The catch was made in the years prior to official review, but officials were looking anyway and confirmed that it was a legal catch. The ball was thrown by Terry Bradshaw who was throwing to Frenchy Fuqua. Raiders safety, Jack Tatum, collided with Fuqua and the ball made a long, leisurely arc backwards. Harris scooped the ball up before it touched the ground and ran it in for the winning score. In films of the catch, the bottom of the ball cannot be seen, so whether it touched the ground, or not, cannot be told. Harris is often asked about the play, and he maintains that the ball never touched the ground. The Steelers went on to lose to the Miami Dolphins, who went on to win the Superbowl, the last time a team went undefeated in the entire season. The victory was the first playoff victory in Steelers history and propelled them to be a dominant AFC and NFL team in the 1970s.

Watch the Immaculate Reception (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZi2ryWsShY) and decide for yourself.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/ImmaculateReceptionStatue.jpg.jpg/300px-ImmaculateReceptionStatue.jpg.jpg
The statue of the Immaculate Reception is
on display in the Pittsburgh airport. The catch
sparked an intense rivalry between the Oakland
Raiders and Pittsburgh Steelers that is bitter to
this day.

...in 1970, the North tower of the World Trade Center was topped off at 1,368 feet making it, at the time, the tallest building in the world.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Wtc_panynj_1973.jpg/180px-Wtc_panynj_1973.jpg
The WTC Under construction
in 1973.

...in 1888, Vincent van Gogh cut off the lower part of his ear with a razor, in a fit of depression. Legend has it that he later wrapped up the portion of his ear and gave it to a prostitute at a nearby brothel. He documented the event in a self portrait entitled Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear. van Gogh is considered a genius and the ear incident cemented the image of the tortured genius forever. While self-committed at an asylum in Saint-Remy, he went back and forth from madness and creative bursts, where his most famous works were finished, including Irises and my personal favorite, Starry Night. In 1890, he shot himself and died two days later, at the age of 37.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/VanGogh-starry_night_ballance1.jpg/300px-VanGogh-starry_night_ballance1.jpg
The Starry Night

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

While there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. It is my wish for all of you to be with your families this Christmas, and to keep the Birgfeld Family in your hearts and in your prayers.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 40 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1814, representatives of the United States and Great Britain at Ghent, Belgium signed The Treaty of Peace and Amity between His Britannic Majesty and the United States of America. The signing ended the War of 1812. Peace on Earth.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Signing_of_Treaty_of_Ghent_(1812).jpg/350px-Signing_of_Treaty_of_Ghent_(1812).jpg
The signing of the Treaty of Ghent.
Colour lithography by A. Forestier ca 1915.

...in 1893, while Clara Ford was preparing Christmas Eve dinner for her husband and newborn son when Henry burst into the kitchen with his first internal combustion engine. He clamped it to the kitchen sink and wired a makeshift spark plug to an electric light. While Clara turned a flywheel, Henry fed fuel into the cylinder with an eyedropper. It ran! It was loud and it filled Clara's kitchen with exhaust smoke, but it ran! Henry immediately put it aside and began work on the second engine while Clara tried to recover her kitchen. In 1896, Henry would drive his first car, the Quadracycle, made possible with the successful test of his first engine on Christmas Eve, 1893.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/ford22.jpg
This replica of Henry's first engine, run on Christmas Eve 1893,
was built by a man named J. Bailey.

...in 1923, President Calvin Coolidge touched a button to light up the first Christmas tree on the lawn of the White House. The tree was a 48 foot tall balsam fir that came from Coolidge's home state of Vermont ans it was also the first tree to be decorated with electric lights. President Benjamin Harrison was the first to have a Christmas tree in the White House in 1889. Beginning in 1929, first lady Lou Henry Hoover decorated the tree, starting a tradition that has continued through Laura Bush. (As of this writing, we have found no photos of a Christmas tree in the Obama White House, although a tree was delivered in November.) In 1981, President Ronald Reagan authorized the first White House ornament.

http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/holiday/2006/photoessays/barneycam5/images/p120106sc-0073-398h.jpg
Miss Beasley, Kitty, Laura Bush and Barney, Christmas 2006

...in 1818, the congregation at St. Nicholas Church in Oberndorf, Austria heard the assistant pastor, Father Joseph Mohr and the choir director, Franz Xaver Gruber, sing a new Christmas song that would become beloved throughout the world, translated into many languages and sung by millions every Christmas. On each of six verses, the choir repeated the last two lines. There is a legend that the song was written because mice had eaten the bellows of the organ or that an evil railroad baron prevented use of the organ but, in fact, no proof of any of those apocryphal stories can be found. Joseph Mohr had written the poem in 1816 and Franz Gruber wrote the music on Christmas Eve, 1818. It survives today with just a few changes from when it was first heard, with guitar accompaniment, on Christmas Eve, 1818.

Stille Nacht! Heilige Nacht!
Alles schläft; einsam wacht
Nur das traute heilige Paar.
Holder Knab im lockigten Haar,
Schlafe in himmlischer Ruh!
Schlafe in himmlischer Ruh!

You might know it better in English...

Silent night, holy night
All is calm, all is bright
'Round yon virgin mother and Child
Holy infant so tender and mild
Sleep in heavenly peace!
Sleep in heavenly peace!

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Merry Christmas to you all! I know this is a busy day, but please, take the time to go to the Gratefulness website (the link is in the next paragraph) and light a candle for Paige and her children. This is now the third Christmas the kids are spending without their mother; keep them, and Paige, and her family, in your prayers this sacred day.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 37 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 6 BC, perhaps, Jesus Christ was born in Bethlehem. In reality, no one knows for sure, in fact, no one in the first two centuries of the Christian church claimed any knowledge of a real date of the nativity. Also, no one knows for sure why the date of December 25 was chosen, but most scholars concur that when Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity in 312, the church had a lot of competition from the pagan celebration of the Winter Solstice, which usually ran from December 17 through the 25th. It was a time of great celebration, gift-giving and partying, so celebrating the birth of Chirst on the same day made it easier to slide pagans into Christianity. Along with the celebration of the nativity, other pagan celebration rituals came along, such as lighting the yule log and the Germanic tradition of using pine boughs for decoration. The word itself, Christmas, is thought to have evolved from "Christes maesse" or "Christ's Mass." The midieval tradition of St. Nicholas of Myra, who was said to visit children with gifts just before Christmas. This evolved into St. Nicholas Eve (December 5, St. Nicholas Day is December 6) and eventually evolved into Santa Claus, from the Dutch name for St. Nicholas, Sinterklaas.

...in 1776, General George Washington led a daring raid across the Delaware River against British and Hessian troops at Trenton, New Jersey. Before the raid, Washington, who was far more down to earth than his Presidential reputation might lead us to believe, read to the troops from Thomas Paine's pamphlet The Crisis published just two days earlier. "These are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands by it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman." While climbing into the boat, Washington poked the portly General Harry Knox with his boot and said, "Shift that fat a$s Harry, but slowly, or you'll swamp the damned boat." The wet and freezing soldiers broke into hysterical laughter, endearing their leader that much more. On the morning of December 26, 2,500 patriot soldiers suprised the hung-over Hessians and took control of the town. The troops carried as much ammunition and supplies as they could, back to the boats, and back across the river. It was a major victory, after a string of defeats, and a major boost to morale.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware.png/350px-Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware.png
Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze

...in 1914, just after midnight, the soldiers in the German trenches stopped firing at Allied troops. The soldiers on the Allied side were surprised to hear the Germans singing the famous carol we talked about yesterday, Stille Nacht! Heilige Nacht! Alles schläft; einsam wacht... in fact, in some locations, brass bands were heard playing carols.

Just after first light, German soldiers were seen waving at the Allied soldiers. Surprised, and not knowing quite what to do, they waved back. The Germans came out of the trenches and began to walk across No Man's Land, calling out "Merry Christmas!" in the native tongues of the various Allied forces, English, Russian and French.

The Allied soldiers also climbed out of the trenches and met their enemies cordially, where small gifts of candy, whiskey and cigarettes were exchanged. The wounded were retrieved and moved to safety while the dead were removed and in one case, a memorial was held with combatants reciting the 23rd Psalm together. In Frélinghien, France, members of the The Royal Welch Fusiliers played a soccer match with the German Panzergrenadiers. The Germans won, 3-2 and in 2008, a memorial was placed at the site. The combatant/players all signed the ball, which is on display at the Militärhistorisches Museum der Bundeswehr in Dresden, Germany.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Christmas_Truce_1914.png
"Tommy" and "Fritz" met on No Man's Land on
Christmas Day, 1914, much to the chargrin of
the higher commands of both sides. Fritz defeated
Tommy in a regulation soccer match, 3-2, in one
location.

The upper commands were not at all pleased about the events of Christmas Day 1914, after all, fraternizing with the enemy can be considered a treasonous offense, punishable by death. Beginning in 1915, troops were rotated up and down the trenches to prevent any familiarity from developing across No Man's Land, and on Christmas Eve 1915, major artillery barrages were ordered, just to remind everyone why they were there.

But none of it could take away from the fact that on Christmas Day, 1914, soldiers on both sides realized their enemies were as miserable as they were themselves, and they took a break from warring just to share a Christian moment.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Khaki-chums-xmas-truce-1914-1999.redvers.jpg/325px-Khaki-chums-xmas-truce-1914-1999.redvers.jpg
This memorial was placed in 1999 near Ypres, Belgium, location
of the soccer match during the spontaneous truce. It reads,
"1914
The Khaki Chum's Christmas Truce
1999
85 Years
Lest We Forget."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, CST. Merry Christmas, everyone! http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/smilies/xmas_wreath.gif

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 32 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...it was a good day for American Generals named, "George" and a bad day for Germans.

...in 1776, General George Washington finished his raid on Trenton, New Jersey that started on Christmas night, by ferrying his 2,500 man army across the Delaware River by boat. The 1,400 man Hessian army, hung over from too much Christmas celebration, were taken completely by surprise by the American Continental Army about 8:00 AM and Washington quickly sewed up the city of Trenton. The Americans confiscated every scrap of supplies and ammunition they could find and carried it back to the boats, waiting to take them back across the river. Although it was not a major strategic victory, it was a major victory for Washington's reputation and a tremedous morale booster. It also demonstrated the pluck of the ragged patriot army and proved that good leadership and dedicated troops could face overwhelming odds and come out victorious.

...in 1944, General George S. Patton arrived at Bastogne, Belgium after using a brilliant, and audacious, strategy to get to the beleaguered town. During the Battle of the Bulge, Bastogne was a key prize for the German offensive, because every road that went through the Ardennes Forest came to Bastogne, in fact, the Germans referred to the town as "The Octopus" because of the many roads that lead in and out. General Anthony McAuliff had been ordered to hold the town at all costs, because of the strategic value. As you already know from the update on the 22nd, the Germans had demanded his surrender. McAuliff responded with a one word message to the Germans, "Nuts!" Old Blood and Guts, as Patton was known as, turned his 3rd army 90º in a counterthrust, broke through the German lines and relieved McAuliff's 101st Airborne. He continued with his thrust and pushed the Germans east, back across the Rhine River, effectively ending the last major German offensive of the war.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Bastogne.jpg
Supplies flow into Bastogne after the beleagured 101st was releived by General Patton.

...in 1825, the Erie Canal opened, linking the Atlantic Coast to the Great Lakes and providing a waterway to the west. It signaled the start of a boom of canal building, thought by many to be the way to move people and materiel to the western United States. The canals became obsolete with the coming of the railroads and went broke. Many of the abandoned canals still exist in Ohio.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Bridges/IM006735.jpg
The Miami & Erie Canal connected Eastern & Western Ohio by water,
248 miles long. Parts of it still remain; this portion is in Delphos, Ohio.

...in 1946, mobster Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel opened the Pink Flamingo Hotel & Casino in the sleepy crossroads town of Las Vegas, Nevada. Attracted by legal gambling and off-track betting on horse races, developers had already begun to build the Flamingo but ran out of money. (Building materials, in short supply after World War II, were very costly.) Enter Bugsy Siegel, who bought the project and continued building. He, too, ran out of money and on this date in 1946, opened the unfinished resort to try to recoup some of the investment and make enough to keep building. The attempt failed, in fact, The Flamingo lost $300,000 in its first week of operation. Bugsy died in what appeared to have been a hit, because his investors didn't think he was playing straight with them. His murder remains unsolved. Meanwhile, The Flamingo has changed hands several times, and the only thing that remains from Bugsy's 1946 desert dream (the last of the original structure was razed in 1993) is the name of the place. Today's Flamingo is owned by Harrah's Entertainment with 3,626 rooms and 77,000 square feet of gambling room. (By comparison, a football field is 57,600 square feet.)

http://www.ghostinmysuitcase.com/places/flamingo/flamingo.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 47 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1932, Radio City Music Hall opened on the Avenue of the Americas (6th Avenue) in Midtown Manhattan. The spectacular theater was the brainchild of John D. Rockefeller, Jr. as part of his plan to revitalize a rather run-down area in Manhattan. He leased land from Columbia University, hired architect Edward Durrell Stone and interior designer Donald Deskey to build his palace, part of Rockefeller Center. Rockefeller Center housed the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) that lent itself to the name of Radio City. NBC, owned by RCA, continues to have studios in Rockefeller Center. Radio City Music Hall was opened at the height of the Great Depression to be an escape for people, and it was the number one vacation destination in the country for a long time. The theater is home of the world's largest Wurlitzer theater organ, which includes dual consoles on either side of the stage. Chambers on either side of the stage (one for Great and one for Swell) house the over 4,000 pipes of the organ. The theater underwent a major restoration in 1999, and it remains the home of the Radio City Rockettes, the high-kicking dance team that has been a part of Radio City Music Hall since its opening.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Radio_city_exterior.jpg

Side note: Contrary to myth, the world-famous Radio City Rockettes were not named for John D. Rockefeller, Jr, as they came from St. Louis, where they were named the Missouri Rockets. They came to New York to perform at the Roxy as The Roxyettes, then moved to Radio City Music Hall to perform at the opening as The Rockettes and never looked back.

http://a330.g.akamai.net/7/330/2540/20080720042508/www.libraryjournal.com/articles/blog/770000077/20071205/rockettes1.jpg

...in 1831, Charles Darwin departed from Plymouth, England on board the HMS Beagle. His five year mission was to to explore strange new worlds, to seek out new life and new civilizations, to boldly go where no man has gone...oh, wait, that was Star Trek. (Maybe the HMS Beagle's mission was the inspiration for Gene Roddenberry's television series?) The HMS Beagle did travel to some strange new worlds, like the Galapagoes Islands and New Zealand. The research performed by Darwin on this voyage was the basis of his groundbreaking theory of evolution, of as he called it, "natural selection."

http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/90/19190-004-7DBFD0A0.jpg
The HMS Beagle at the Straits of Magellan.

...in 1927, Show Boat opened on Broadway, with music by Jerome Kern and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein. Jerome Kern won two Academy Awards for Best Song (The Way You Look Tonight and The Last Time I Saw Paris.) Hammerstein wrote many memorable lyrics, mostly with Richard Rodgers tunes, for such musicals as Oklahoma!, Carousel, South Pacific, The King & I and The Sound of Music. Show Boat also served up the memorable Old Man River. Show Boat is generally considered to be the first musical, with a story line and songs written for the plot line.

...in 1900, Carry Nation took a hatchet and chopped up the bar at the Carey Hotel in Wichita, Kansas. The prohibitionist did thousands of dollars worth of damage and ended up in jail. From then on, the previously (pretty much) ignored crusader became notorious for her hatchet-wielding technique of chopping up bars. Carry Amelia Moore married Charles Gloyd, who was a hard-drinking man that died and caused Carry to raise their child as a single mom. Like so many crusaders, she projected her tough life on everyone and set out to ban alcohol from everyday life. She was part of the Women's Christian Temperance Union that wanted to ban alcohol, tobacco and drugs and, oh by the way, equal rights for women. (The most important issue, suffrage, was their least-promoted one.) In 1880, Kansas passed prohibition but the law was pretty much ignored, so Nation took her crusade national. She died before the 18th Amendment and the Volstead Act were passed, but her legacy as a saloon-smashing temperance worker lives on.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/CarryNation.jpeg
Carry Nation with her bible and famous hatchet.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 50 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1895, the first commercial showing (they charged admission) of a moving picture show took place in Paris. The film was made by Louis and Auguste Lumiere, brothers who invented a device called the Cinematographe. The Lumiere brothers made 2,000 films over a five year career. The Lumiere brothers thought that there was no future in moving pictures, so their career as filmmakers was rather short. In 1903, they patented a color film making process. They also developed a dressing for burns and a surgical tool.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/de/Cin%C3%A9matographe_Lumi%C3%A8re.jpg/190px-Cin%C3%A9matographe_Lumi%C3%A8re.jpg
The World's First Movie Poster

...in 1846, Iowa became the 29th state of the Union.

...in 1964, principal filming began on Carlo Ponti's monumental film, Doctor Zhivago, which opened on December 22, 1965. Boris Pasternak's novel, started in the teens and 1920's, was not completed until 1956. Because the hero, Doktor Zhivago, is more concerned with individuals than society as a whole, Pasternak's viewpoint was not correct in the eyes of Soviet authorities. The manuscript was smuggled out of the Soviet Union and published in Italy in 1957. It won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1958, but again, Soviet officials would not allow Pasternak to accept the prize. The film, directed by David Lean, is considered by some to be the last great epic film, relying on characters and not computer generated aliens or mythical creatures. Although the subject of harsh criticism when it was released, it has stood the test of time and remains a very popular film.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/64/DrZhivago_Asheet.jpg

...in 1941, Rear Admiral Ben Moreell requested a contingent of construction workers who would build anything, anywhere, from airfields to harbors. The units would be known as the Construction Battalion, CB, or "Seabees." The men for the units would not be standard draftees or enlisted volunteers, these were all men with construction experience. The recruits had built the Boulder Dam, highways, mines, tunnels and quarries. Some had been shipbuilders, others had been high steel workers. The Seabees were also trained as infantrymen, but they built airfields for B-29's and support aircraft on Guam, Saipan and Tinian. At Normandy, the Seabees were some of the first units ashore, tasked with removing the concrete barriers the Germans had built to obstruct the invasion. Approximately 325,000 men served as Seabees, representing about 60 different trades.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Seabees.png/220px-Seabees.png

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 35 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1890, what is considered to be the end of the long Indian wars in America came to a tragic and shameful end at a place called Wounded Knee on the Pine Ridge Reservation of South Dakota. The government was concerned with a growing movement in Pine Ridge known as the Ghost Dancers. Many Lakota believed that the Indians had been banished to reservations for displeasing the gods. The Ghost Dancers believed that by rejecting the ways of the white man and performing the Ghost Dance, the gods would be pleased and re-create the world, destroying the non-believers. (Sound at all familiar?) On December 15, police had tried to arrest Chief Sitting Bull, mistakenly believing him to be a Ghost Dancer, and killed him in the process. On December 29, the 7th Cavalry surrounded a band of Ghost Dancers and demanded them to throw down their weapons. A struggle ensued between a trooper and a deaf tribesman named Black Cayote who did not hear the order. A shot was fired. No one knows who fired or why, but the result was a barrage of gunfire from the army that resulted in the deaths of 146 Native Americans, including women and children. Some historians believe the 7th was taking revenge for their defeat at Little Big Horn in 1876, but whatever the motivation, it was the last major confrontation in the war between the whites and the Plains Indians. At least, until 1973, when activist Indians occupied facilites at Wounded Knee in protest of American treatment of Native Americans. Two Indians died and a US Marshall was seriously wounded in the standoff, many were arrested.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/WoundedKneePhilKonstantin.jpg
The dead were uncermoniously dumped into this mass grave by private citizens, hired by the
US goverment to perform the task. The Wounded Knee incident remains controversial to this day.

...in 1940, the most devastating air raid of the Battle of Britain happened on the night of December 29 when the Luftwaffe dropped firebombs on London. Hundreds of fires engulfed areas much of London but firefighters ignored the bombs falling around them and saved much of the city. A newspaper the next day showed St. Paul's Cathedral standing, undamaged, in the smoke, a testament to the unconquerable spirit that was London. In May and June, the German Wehrmacht conquered France, Holland, Belgium and Norway, they all fell quickly, leaving Great Britain as the only stumbling block to Hitler's plan to dominate Europe on the way to conquering the world. The Battle of Britain began on June 5 with air raids on ports and convoys, trying to soften the proposed landing areas for Operation Sea Lion, the German invasion of England. The outnumbered RAF pilots, however, were equipped with more maneuverable aircraft and a determined spirit to protect their homeland. For every RAF plane shot down, two Luftwaffe aircraft were destroyed. In May of 1941, Hitler finally gave up on Great Britain because he needed materiel for the Russian front. The bombings ceased, and Winston Churchill said of the RAF flyers, "Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few."

http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/images/blitz2.jpg
St. Paul's Cathedral as seen during the raid of December 29.

...in 1845, Texas entered the union as the 28th state. The fact that Texas entered as a slave state simply increased the tensions between the free and slave states but it also caused the rift between Mexico and the United States that ultimately led to the Mexican-American War.

...in 1908, Otto Zachow and William Besserdich of Clintonville, Wisconsin, received a patent for a four wheel braking system, basically the same one used on your car today. The brothers-in-law went on to build the first four wheel drive vehicle and founded the Badger Four Wheel Drive Car Company. The "Badger" was soon dropped, and in 1958 the name was changed to FWD Corporation. FWD also acquired Seagrave in 1963 and builds fire trucks in Clintonville. FWD filed for bankruptcy in 1981 and was acquired by Terex Corporation, but FWD trucks are still known the world over and Seagrave is the oldest fire equipment maker still building fire apparatus.

http://www.4wdonline.com/FWD/PiCs37/FWD1916FQ.jpg
A 1916 FWD Military Truck

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 55 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1916, Grigory Rasputin was murdered in Moscow for his sway over the royal family. Rasputin was a self-styled holy man and won the favor of Czar Nicholas II and Czarina Alexandra because he had the ability to stop the bleeding of their hemophiliac son, Alexei. He was widely criticized for being an alcoholic letch but he also had incredible influence over the ruling family. When the Czar went to lead the Russian army in WWI, Rasputin, for all intents and purposes, ruled the country through Czarina Alexandra. A group of nobels lured him to a palace where he was fed large doses of poison in food and beverage, yet, he stood and beat an assailant. He was shot, but once again, stood up and beat an assailant and attempted an escape. He was shot again but still lived. He was bound and thrown into a freezing river. His body turned up a few days later, and in an autopsy, it was learned that he acturally drowned, he had slipped his bonds and was fighting to break through the ice when he finally died. It made little difference, though, as a few months later the royal family was deposed and the Russian Revolution began.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Rasputin_pt.jpg/200px-Rasputin_pt.jpg
Grigory Rasputin (1869-1916). In a prophetic
letter, written just prior to his death, Rasputin
predicted his murder and even correctly predicted
the future of Russia, based on who would murder
him.

...in 1922, after the 1917 Revolution and three year Russian Civil War, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was established. Also known simply as the Soviet Union, it was the first country in the world to be ruled on Marxist socialism. It grew into one of the most powerful nations on earth and eventually was comprised of 15 "republics," Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Belorussia, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. The communist party pretty much ran everything, but by 1991, as with every socialist state, it collapsed under its own weight and was disolved.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Teheran_conference-1943.jpg/180px-Teheran_conference-1943.jpg
Joseph Stalin, FDR and Winston
Churchill were allies against the Axis
during WWII, but starting in 1945, the
the former allies became adversaries in
the Cold War.

...in 1903, the Iroquois Theater in Chicago caught fire. It was, and remains, the deadliest single building fire in US history as 602 people were unable to escape the "fireproof" theater. (It is the deadliest fire in Chicago history, the Chicago Fire killed 250 people.) It opened in November of 1903, after the fire marshal and the mayor declared the theater fireproof. During the matinee, featuring Eddie Foy, the stagehands went out for a drink. The spotlight operator noticed a calcium light, backstage, seemed to have sparked a fire. The area was full of fuel - wooden props and oily rags. When the actors saw the fire, they took off. Foy returned to calm the audience, assuring them that an asbestos curtain was being lowered that would contain the fire. It did not lower all the way and the panic started. The ushers fled the theater but did not unlock the double exit doors, blocking the escapes. Of those who perished in the fire, 591 were seated in the balconies, with no means of escape. After the fire, the fire marshal and mayor were both charged with malfeasance. The marshal was convicted, the mayor was not. In fact, the conviction was overturned on appeal. The only person to serve time was a barkeeper, next door, who robbed the bodies while his bar was used as a morgue.

http://www.inficad.com/~ksup/img/iroquois1.jpg
The aftermath of the Iroquois Theater Fire.

...in 1862, the USS Monitor came to an inglorious end just off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, when the ironclad ship sank during one of the famous December storms of North Carolina. The Monitor had dueled the Confederate ironclad, the CSS Virginia. (The Virginia started out as the Merrimack in the US Naval shipyards. At the beginning of the Civil War, the navy burned all the vessels in the yard to keep them from Confederate hands. The Merrimack sank before it was burned. The Confederates raised it and used it as the basis of a new ironclad warship, the CSS Virginia.) The Monitor and Virgina fought to a draw in one of the most famous naval battles in history. After the duel, the Virginia withdrew and the Monitor provided gun support on the James River, but when the Monitor was no longer needed, the navy decided to move it to North Carolina for a planned attack on Charleston. The low-slung ship was not suited to the open seas, and soon began taking on water. With each swell of the seas, more caulking burst loose. The Captain ordered the crew to abandon ship, and most sailors were rescued by the USS Rhode Island. However, the pumps stopped and 16 men went down with the Monitor. Despite the sinking of the Monitor, the ironclads changed the face of naval warfare forever.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/USSMonitor1862.2.ws.jpg/300px-USSMonitor1862.2.ws.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/CSSVirginia1862.2.ws.jpg/300px-CSSVirginia1862.2.ws.jpg
The USS Monitor and the CSS Virginia

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 61 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1972, Hall of Fame Pittsburgh Pirate Roberto Clemente was killed with four others when his cargo plane crashed near Puerto Rico. The previous September, Clemente had gotten his 3,000th hit in the final game of the season; only 27 players have reached that level. Clemente spent most of his off-seasons doing charity work in his native Puerto Rico. This year, he was working in Nicaragua because a devastating earthquake, near Managua, had taken place on December 23 and not much relief work was being done. He chartered a plane on his own, collected supplies and hired the plane to deliver those supplies. The plane was a suspect DC-7 owned by a suspect operator that had been cited numerous times for violations. The plane took off at 9 PM, the sound of engine failure could be heard as it took off. At an altitude of 200 feet, the plane exploded and plunged into the ocean. The bodies were never found. One of Clemente's friends said it was "...the night that happiness died." In 1973, he was posthumously inducted to the Hall of Fame without the required five year waiting period, the only player to be so honored since the rule was put into place in 1954. In 2002, President George W. Bush awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a5/RobertoClementeStatueatPNCPark.jpg/180px-RobertoClementeStatueatPNCPark.jpg
This statue of Roberto Clemente is
located outside Pittsburgh's PNC Park

Roberto Clemente was a lifetime .317 hitter, 12x Gold Glove winner, 2x World Series Champion (1960, 1971) 1966 MVP and 1971 World Series MVP. He had 3,000 hits and 240 home runs in his outstanding career, cut short by his death at the age of 38.

...in 1879, Thomas Edison made the first public demonstration of the incandescent light bulb when he lit up a street in Menlo Park, New Jersey. The Pennsylvania Railroad even ran specials to Menlo Park because of the interest in the event. Although the incandescent light had been invented about 40 years earlier, Edison perfected a commercially viable bulb that was reliable and could be mass produced. The Edison Electric Company eventually became General Electric while several electric utilities still bear his name.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/lBSRPHz7a4T9.jpg
Thomas Edison, the Wizard of Menlo Park

...in 1999, The London Eye, aka Millennium Wheel, opened in London, on the Thames River. At 443 feet, it was the tallest Ferris Wheel in the world when it opened, although the Star of Nanchang in Singapore is now taller. England says the Millennium Wheel is the tallest cantilevered Ferris wheel because it is supported only on one side by an A frame. The fare is £15 for once around, which takes about 30 minutes. The wheel never stops, you climb on and off while it is moving so the wheel doesn't have to stop.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/London_Eye_aerial.jpg/180px-London_Eye_aerial.jpg

...in 1967, the Green Bay Packers defeated the Dallas Cowboys 21-17 in the NFL Championship game, a game now commonly referred to as "The Ice Bowl." The temperature at game time was -15º and went down as the game wore on. When the referee blew the whistle to start the game, the cork inside the whistle didn't move because it was frozen but worse, the whistle stuck to his lip. No whistles were used during the game, the referees simply yelled, "Stop!" at the end of each play. The Cowboys led in the closing minutes, 17-14 when Bart Starr engineered a drive that took the Packers to the Cowboy 1 yard line. On third down, with 16 seconds left, the Packers called their last time out. Starr went to Lombardi and they discussed what to do. The Lombardi philosophy was to never come away without points, but a field goal would tie the game, forcing a grueling overtime period in deteriorating conditions. Starr thought a wedge play, where the linemen kick out the defensive linemen, opening a small hole, would allow Fullback Chuck Mercein into the end zone. "Alright," Lombardi told him, "Run it and let's get the hell out of here!" Unknown to anyone in the stadium, Starr decided to keep the ball on a quarterback sneak, rather than risk a fumble. The Cowboys were expecting a pass, as a completion would be a touchdown and an incomplete pass would stop the clock. Center Ken Bowman and right tackle Jerry Kramer wedged Cowboy tackle Jethro Pugh aside, allowing Starr to jump into the end zone with the winning touchdown. Today, the game is hailed as one of the greatest NFL games every played because of the conditions, the importance of the game, and the intense rivalry between the two coaches and the two teams. The victory secured the Packers' third consecutive NFL title, the second time they had accomplished the feat, and allowed them to face the Oakland Raiders in the 2nd AFL-NFL World Championship Game. (That game would not be called "The Superbowl" for two more years and was still considered of less importance than the NFL Championship Game.) You can see a description of the game, and "The Play" on YouTube by clicking here: The Ice Bowl (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4EDD5mvT0bU&NR=1).

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Wendy/IM000229.jpg
The Play is commemorated at the Packers Hall of Fame at Lambeau Field in Green Bay.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 56 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1959, Fulgencio Batista, the dictator of Cuba, fled in the face of revolutionary forces led by Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. The United States had supported the corrupt leader since he came to power in 1952, because despite all that was wrong with Batista, he was also friendly to American causes. The US was suspicious of Fidel Castro and feared what Cuba might become if he took power. He did take power and the American fears were realized as Castro nationalized American industry in Cuba and he became all-too friendly with the Soviet Union. (The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1963 was a realization of those same fears.) Castro's position on American interests in the island nation ended up in a commercial embargo that is still in place.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/1952Batista.jpg/180px-1952Batista.jpg
Fulgencio Batista (ca. 1952) wasn't such a
great guy, either. At 3:00 AM, he boarded a plane
to the Dominican Republic with $300 million he had
amassed through graft and payoffs. He wasn't
welcome there, he could not return to his home in
Daytona Beach because the US would not allow him
entry, Mexico denied him asylum and he wound up in
Portugal. He died in 1973 of a heart attack, just days
before a Castro-assigned team of assassins could
get to him.

...in 1919, Edsel Ford replaced his father, Henry Ford, as the president of the huge Ford Motor Company. The same day, Ford Motor Company announced it was increasing the minimum wage to $6.00 per day. (The company had set the industry on its ear in 1914 when it announced the 8 hour work day and $5.00 per day as the daily rate, an unheard of sum, and everyone else had a 10 hour day. Of course, what Ford did, was begin to operate multiple shifts of 8 hours, increasing productivity and output.) The ascension of Edsel to the presidency was mostly a ruse, to scare stockholders into selling their interests back to the company. Henry still ran the show, but by the end of the year, owned 100% of the company.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Edsel_Bryant_Ford.jpg/250px-Edsel_Bryant_Ford.jpg
Edsel Ford (1894-1943)
President of Ford Motor Company 1919-1943

...in 1863, President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation and called upon the Union Army to liberate all slaves in the states still in rebellion. The three million slaves were declared to be "...then, thenceforward, and forever free." Lincoln personally detested slavery, but was also smart enough to know that an anti-slavery platform would not have won the 1860 election. The Republican platform had been to prevent the spread of slavery into new states, not to just outlaw it. After he won the election, some southern states began the process to secede from the Union, several did secede after his inauguration. In 1862, Lincoln and the Republican leaders realized that ending slavery outright was not only a moral issue but a strategic weapon. The loss of the labor force in the Confederacy would weaken the military and at the same time, the influx of manpower would strengthen the Union. The change also shifted the war from an issue of secession to, as Lincoln said in Gettysburg, the new birth of freedom. It kept European powers out of the war and allowed the Union to enlist 200,000 African-American volunteers into the military. In 1865, the 13th Amendment to the Constitution ended slavery forever.

...in 1953, 29 year old Hank Williams died of a heart attack in a limousine taking him to a show in Canton, Ohio. His last show had been at The Skyline in Austin, Texas. His son, Hank Williams, Jr. continued in his father's footsteps and is a very successful county singer in his own right. Later in 1953, Williams' widow, Billie Jean Jones, was remarried to county singer, Johnny Horton. Horton reached number one on the charts in 1959 with The Battle of New Orleans. (Horton is also remembered for Sink the Bismarck and North to Alaska, the theme to a 1960 John Wayne movie of the same name.) In an amazing twist of fate, Horton's last performance was also at The Skyline on November 5, 1960 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-november-5-2008-a-45844/) and he also died in a car. Horton died in a head-on collision with a drunk driver after leaving the club.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/65/Hank_Williams.jpg/220px-Hank_Williams.jpg
Hank Williams, Sr.
(1923-1953)

...in 1902, the first Rose Bowl game was held between the University of Michigan Wolverines and the Stanford University Cardinal. (They weren't called "The Cardinal" then but they are now.) The Tournament of Roses began in 1890 to promote the rich produce and warm weather of the area, and the first Rose Parade was also held in 1890. It grew so quickly that an official Tournament of Roses organization was formed in 1895 to run the whole thing. The first post-season football game was held at Tournament Park, which is now the athletic field for Cal Tech. Michigan routed Stanford, 49-0 so there was no game held again until 1916.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/49/1st-Rose-Bowl-game-1902.jpg

The stadium, christened The Rose Bowl, went up in 1922. For decades, the Rose Bowl was a battle reserved for the Pac 10 Champion against the Big 10 Champion, until the Bowl Championship Series hijacked the game as part of the BCS championship. Still, The Rose Bowl is the most prestigious of the post season college games and its nickname, "The Grandaddy of Them All" is a registered trademark. (The first game to be called The Rose Bowl was in 1923 when USC defeated Penn State, 17-3 and no, Joe Paterno was not the coach.) The Rose Bowl will host the 96th Rose Bowl today between the Ohio State Buckeyes and the Oregon Ducks, then the BCS Championship Game next week, between the Texas Longhorns and the Alabama Crimson Tide.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/2008-1226-Pasadena-008-RoseBowl.jpg/300px-2008-1226-Pasadena-008-RoseBowl.jpg
The Rose Bowl is wrestling with a makeover.
According to today's New York Times, the
operators of the stadium are contemplating a
$164 million renovation that would start in
January, 2011 after completion of the game.
The project would take 3 years, with the stadium
ready to host the 100th Rose Bowl Game and the
BCS Championship Game in 2014.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 46 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1788, Georgia became the first southern state to ratify the new US Constitution and doing so, became the fourth state.

...in 1776, the Continental Congress passed the Tory Act resolution to describe how the colonies should handle those who decided to remain loyal to the British crown. Toward the end of the war, the treatment of Tories were such that many fled to Canada, where their families remain today. In New Jersey, an Italian farmer trained his farm animals to sound the alarm when military types approached the farm. One night, everyone in the chicken coop went crazy, awakening the farmer, who cornered a loyalist in his barn. It was the first recorded case of chicken catch a Tory.

...in 1942, the US Navy established the Navy Airship Patrol 1 and Airship Squadron 12 in Lakehurst, New Jersey. The Navy was the only military service using lighter-than-air ships during World War II.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/NAS_South_Weymoth_1954.jpg/800px-NAS_South_Weymoth_1954.jpg
The Navy LTA Base in New Jersey.

...in 1832, the first curling club in the United States, the Orchard Lake Curling Club, opened near Detroit, Michigan. There is no truth to the rumor that, due the the high speed of this sport, that members are still waiting for the first Rock to reach the end of the sheet.

http://www.detroitcurlingclub.com/content/images/detroitriver.jpg

...in 1893, the Columbian Exposition opened in Chicago. The World's Fair was to commemorate the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World, albeit almost three months late. Known as The White City for the white color of the temporary buildings and the massive number of electric lights, the fair was a huge success. The buildings were all temporary and not designed to last. One does survive, though, the Palace of Fine Arts is today the Museum of Science and Industry. The fair was where Pabst Beer won the famous blue ribbon and there were many notable firsts, including Cracker Jack, the Ferris wheel, Juicy Fruit gum, Quaker Oats and Cream of Wheat, Shredded Wheat, Aunt Jemima pancake mix, hamburgers, Milton Hershey bought chocoate making equipment to add to his caramel business, the term :midway" was first used to describe that area of a carnival or fair, a Middle Eastern music group performed with a dancer named "Little Egypt," and Chicago earned its nickname of The Windy City because of the unending wind of politicians that promoted the fair out east. The midway earned its name because it was along a boulevard known as the Midway Plaisance. For many years, the Midway Plaisance was the southern border of the University of Chicago and the football team, the Maroons, was known as "The Monsters of the Midway," a term later applied to the NFL Bears. The fame of the Midway also lent itself to business names in Chicago, including a game company, still in business, famous for pinball machines and today for video games.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Chicago_World%27s_Columbian_Exposition_1893.jpg/400px-Chicago_World%27s_Columbian_Exposition_1893.jpg

Sidebar: Eric Larson's excellent book, Devil in the White City (http://www.randomhouse.com/crown/devilinthewhitecity/about.html) documents the fair along with the exploits of a heinous serial killer that operated near the fair. There is also an excellent documentary about the fair, entitled Expo: Magic of the White City (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expo:_Magic_of_the_White_City) narrated by Gene Wilder. I highly recommend both.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e6/Expocover.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 37 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1959, President Eisenhower signed a proclamation that admitted Alaska to the Union as the 49th State. The discovery of Alaska was made by the Russians in 1741, by an expedition that was led by Danish explorer Vitus Bering. Russian hunters made the first incursions to the mainland and the Aleut Indians suffered the most from European diseases. The first colony was settled by Grigory Shelikhov on Kodiak Island, Russian settlements went all the way down the west coast of North America, as far south as Bodega Bay, California. In the 1860's, after fighting an expensive war, Russia was about bankrupt and offered the land to the United States. On March 30, 1867, Secretary of State William Seward bought Alaska from the Russians for about 2¢ per acre. It was derided, much as former Alaska Governor Sarah Palin is, as a joke and was called Seward's Folly, Seward's Icebox of Johnson's Polar Bear Garden. Of course, Alaska has been a most valuable asset for gold, oil, natural beauty and the proximity to the Cold War Soviet Union.

...in 1924, two years after finding the tomb, the British archaeologist Howard Carter and his crew found the stone sarcophagus that held the solid gold coffin of Pharaoh Tutankhamen. It was a monumental find, the most intact Egyptian tomb to have ever been found. It created such a stir that it even spawned several Hollywood movies including The Mummy (and it's modern remake and spin-offs) and the Three Stooges who went hunting for the tomb of King RootinTootin. There is speculation that the boy king was murdered.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Tutmask.jpg/150px-Tutmask.jpg

...in 1899, The New York Times published an editorial that used the term "automobile." It was the first (known) use of the word. Also on this day in 1926, GM introduced the Pontiac as a "companion car" to Oakland. GM sold a "companion brand" to several of its car lines. In the 1920's, GM began a marketing plan for consumers, based on the assumption that people wanted to move up to a nicer, more expensive car. The idea was to start a consumer on an upward path, starting with a low price Chevrolet, then consumers could move up to an Oakland, then Oldsmobile, to Buick and ultimately to the luxury Cadillac. There were large gaps to be jumped, so GM introduced companion cars to bridge those gaps, including Pontiac to the Oakland, Viking between Oakland and Olds, Marquette between Olds and Buick, and LaSalle to Cadillac. By the end of the companion car run, the Pontiac outsold the Oakland, the only companion marque to survive. Oakland went the way of the Viking, Marquette and LaSalle. (In the theme to All In the Family, Archie and Edith sing, "Gee, our old LaSalle ran great, Those were the days!")

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/OaklandMotorCar.jpg http://oldcarandtruckpictures.com/Pontiac/1926PontiacCoupe.jpg
The Oakland and the Pontiac

...in 1993, another great NFL game resulted in the nickname, "The Comeback." The Buffalo Bills found themselves down to the Houston Oilers (now the Tennessee Titans) 28-3 at halftime, the result of four touchdowns passes from Warren Moon. It didn't get any better at the start of the third quarter when a Frank Reich pass was intercepted for a touchdown return. Now faced with a 35-3 deficit, many Bills fans left the stadium. Reich, filling in for the injured Jim Kelly, was faced with a monumental task, but he took it in stride and marched the Bills 50 yards in 10 plays to cut the deficit to 35-10. Kicker Steve Christie then recovered his own onside kick, and Reich responded with a 38 yard touchdown pass to Don Bebee, 35-17. The Bills defense held the Oilers, and Reich tossed to Andre Reed for a 26 yard touchdown, making it 35-24. On the next Oiler possession, Henry Jones intercepted a Moon pass and Reich threw to Reed again for the score, it was now 35-31. The furious rally cut the lead to four points - all in a span of less than 7 minutes. Reich put the Bills up 38-35, but Al Del Greco made a last second field goal to tie the game and force overtime. Kicker Steve Christie made the game winning field goal in overtime. It was the greatest comeback in NFL history (32 points) and led the Bills to their third of four consecutive Super Bowl appearances, all of which they lost. Still, The Comeback remains one of the greatest games in NFL history.

...in 1999, despite the dire predictions of global warming, the Great Lakes region of North America was smacked with one of the biggest snowstorms in recent memory. (I remember a larger snowstorm in 1973, but that was in April.) Reports say between 73 and over 100 people perished in snow related deaths. The storm began innocently on January 1 with snow falling on Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, New York and Ontario. Most areas were hit with 15" of snow before it pushed east, some locations had 20" or more. Out east, the storm dumped sixty inches of snow on Buffalo, New York over a two week period. Buffalo was able to keep up with it, unlike Detroit, where 27-1/2" of snow was recorded at Metro Airport and a shortage of snow plows and cold weather made some streets impassable for days. In Chicago, 22" fell and O'Hare Field was forced to close, stranding 200,000 passengers! Some were there for up to four days. Toronto had 16" and was paralyzed. In Wisconsin, along the Shore of Lake Michigan, a 60 car pile-up on I-43 resulted in one death and numerous injuries. I-65 was closed in Indiana for two days. A 50 car pile-up in New Jersey injured dozens as did a 15 car accident in Virginia. New York had over 200 accidents on the Thruway. After the storm, it got very cold and in Congerville, Illinois, a record low of -36º was set.

http://images-cdn01.associatedcontent.com/image/A1570/15706/470_15706.jpg
It has been called the second worst snowstorm in Chicago history.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 48 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1847, Samuel Colt won a contract from the US Government to provide 1,000 Colt .44 revolvers to the army. Prior to the mass production of the Colt revolver, handguns had little to do with the history of the United States. Handguns were expensive and inaccurate, mostly for show. Many elitests still demanded dueling pistols to settle disputes, but even those were notoriously inaccurate. Most Americans preferred knives for personal defense, the most popular being the famous Bowie knife. Samuel Colt changed all that, however, by adding rifling to the barrel of his handguns. "Rifling" is a series of spiral groves in the barrel that cause a bullet to spin, giving it gyroscopic stability. The Colt was accurate within short distances, but the accuracy wasn't so important with four or five more shells instantly ready to fire, in case the shooter missed. No one would have been able to afford a firearm, though, if the Army order had not increased Colt's economy of scale. After the order, Colt was able to improve his manufacturing process and over 200,000 Model 1860's were made.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Colt-arme-1860-p1030159.jpg/300px-Colt-arme-1860-p1030159.jpg
Colt Military Model 1860

...in 1999, the Euro made its official debut as the unit of currency for corporate and investment transactions. The European Union was formed by the Maastricht Treaty on European Union of 1992 and part of the treaty was the establishment of a common currency. It was not without controversy, many didn't want to give up their familiar currency, others worried about inflation and counterfeiting, some countries were concerned about losing control of their own economies. The Euro would not go online as legal tender until January 1, 2002 when it replaced the schilling, franck, markka, franc, mark, lira, punt, franc, guilder, escudo and peseta. Monaco, San Marino, Andorra, Montenegro, Kosovo and Vatican City, although not members of the EU, elected to use the currency. The Euro is not legal tender in Switzerland, Denmark and United Kingdom, but many large retailers do accept it, as does the government-controlled Swiss Railways.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/European_Central_Bank_041107.jpg/180px-European_Central_Bank_041107.jpg
The European Central Bank in
Frankfurt is in charge of the
Eurozone monetary system. The
€ sign in front of the bank is the
official symbol for the Euro, just as
the $ is for US currency, £ is for the
British Pound and the ¥ is for the
Japanese Yen. The € symbol is
based on the Greek character,
Epsilon.

...in 1896, Utah entered the Union as the 45th state, after resolution of a long period of turmoil with the federal government. The history of Utah actually starts in New York in 1820, when 15 year old Joseph Smith had the first of many visions that convinced him that a long-lost sect of Native American Christians had lived in the New World that predated Columbus. Three of his visions were of an Native American angel named Moroni, the son of Mormon, who told Smith where to find the New World version of the New Testament of Christ, inscribed on gold plates. Smith translated the scripture from the gold plates and he called it The Book of Mormon. He founded a church based on the book called Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, commonly called Mormon or, LDS.

As you might guess, Smith was greatly persecuted and he fled to Ohio and Missouri before the Mormons founded Nauvoo, Illinois, where he became mayor. In events too comlex to describe here, Smith was arrested, then shot and killed by vigilantes. His cause was taken up by Bringham Young, who led Smith's followers to the valley of the Great Salt Desert in Utah. Young was appointed the first governor of the Utah territory, but most people were still outraged with the Mormons. When reports came back of polygamy, Young was removed from office and the US Army was dispatched to retake federal control of Utah. In 1890, the new leader of the church, Wilford Woodruff, wrote a Manifesto in which he announced that the LDS renounced polygamy and six years later, Utah entered the union. (It is also important to note that not all citizens of Utah are members of the LDS church. It is also important to point out that contrary to myth and media reports, those who practice polygamy are not members of the LDS.)

http://www.truthnet.org/Christianity/Cults/Mormon7/sltemp.jpg
The Mormon Temple, Salt Lake City, Utah.

...in 1935, the very first Billboard pop-music chart appeared. The chart topper that week was by Joe Venuti with a song called Stop! Look! Listen!. No, I've never heard it and I have no idea what it is.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 73 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1933, work began on construction of a monumental project, the Golden Gate Bridge. San Francisco had developed into a center of trade, commerce and society in the 19th Century but when the transcontinental railroad was completed, San Francisco found itself on the wrong side of San Francisco Bay. At that time, talk began about bridging the bay to Oakland and north to Marin County. The Golden Gate is a narrow strait that is the mouth of the bay. It is 400 feet deep and 390 billion gallons of salt water flow through the strait four times every day as the tides flow in and out of San Francisco Bay, which itself, averages 14 feet in depth. Any discussion about bridging the strait was just talk until 1916 when an engineer poposed a 3,000 foot span that could be built for $100 million. Serious disccussions followed, including finding a designer who could build it for a lot less money. Joseph Strauss, an engineer from Chicago suggested he could build a 4,000 foot structure for $17 million and the race was on. Between the time the design sequence began and the first dirt was moved, the bridge faced numerous popular and legal challenges, not the least of which was the Southern Pacific Railroad that operated the ferries between San Francisco and Sausalito. By the time all the hurdles were jumped, the Great Depression has begun and funding was at risk. The Bank of America underwrote the project in order to stimulate the local economy. In 1933, the CCC (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilian_Conservation_Corps) improved Muir Woods (http://www.ohranger.com/muir-woods/history) in anticipation of visitors arriving from the bridge. (Attendence tripled after the bridge opened.) The Golden Gate Bridge opened on May 27, 1937, and in 1994, the American Society of Civil Engineers named it to their list of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World (http://www.asce.org/history/seven_wonders.cfm).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg/250px-GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg
The Golden Gate Bridge Photo by Rich Niewiroski Jr., used with permission.

...in 1904, Ransom Eli Olds was fired from the Oldsmobile Motor Company, that he had founded with lumber baron, Samuel L. Smith in 1899. The famous curved-dash Oldsmobile was a most popular car, even inspiring a popular song, when the head of engineering, Henry Leland, approached Olds with a more powerful engine. Olds refused to use it, so Leland took it to the failed Henry Ford Company and put the engine into what would become the 1903 Cadillac. Smith, meanwhile, was so incensed with Olds that he fired him. Oldsmobile became part of the GM family while Olds went on to found the REO Motor Car Company and build the famous REO Speedwagon truck.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Olds2.jpg/200px-Olds2.jpg
Ransom Eli Olds, 1864-1950

...in 1914, Henry Ford set the automobile industry on its ear when he announced the $5.00 day. The wage was twice what Ford workers had been paid in 1913 and far more than the competition was paying. The high wage was made possible by the economies of scale provided by the first modern assembly line. Men streamed into Detroit from all over the country, looking to get a high paying job at Ford. At the same time, Ford announced a shortened workday, from 10 hours to 8 hours. This allowed Ford to run three equal shifts throughout the day.

...in 1920, Boston Red Sox owner, Harry Frazee, sold the contract of Babe Ruth to the New York Yankees for $125,000. Everyone knows what happened - Ruth became the about the greatest player ever, setting several home run records. The Yankees went on to win 39 American League Pennants and win 26 World Series while the Red Sox suffered the Curse of the Bambino for 86 years without a World Series win.

...in 1924, Walter P. Chrysler built his first automobile. The former railroad executive and and General Motors employee left GM to purchase the struggling Maxwell Motor Company. He renamed the the company the Chrysler Corporation in 1925.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/th_25maxwellsedan.jpg (http://smg.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/?action=view&current=25maxwellsedan.jpg)
Ad for the first Chrysler Automobile
Click to see larger image

...in 1643, the first divorce in the American colonies was granted. Anne Clarke, a mother of two, of the Massachusetts Bay Colony presented an affidavit, signed by her absent and bigamist husband, Denis Clarke, admitting that he had abandoned Anne and fathered two more children with another woman. The Quarter Court decreed, "Anne Clarke, beeing deserted by Denis Clarke hir husband, and hee refusing to accompany with hir, she is graunted to bee divorced."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 51 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1994, Nancy Kerrigan was attacked at Cobo Hall in Detroit, after completing a practice session, one day before the US Championships and a month before the Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway. Kerrigan was favored to win both events. She was leaving the ice when a man (later identified as Shane Stant) attacked her, striking her on the right kneecap with a collapsible baton. Her father picked her up and carried her to the locker room, from where she was taken to a hospital for x-rays and treatment. The police followed the trail to Jeff Gillooly, ex-husband of Kerrigan's biggest rival - Tonya Harding. Gillooly hired Stant to perform the attack. Later in January, Harding admitted to being in on the plot to attack Kerrigan. The Olympic Committee prepared to drop Harding from the team, she responded with a $20 million lawsuit. The committee was blackmailed into allowing her to stay on the team. She embarrassed the United States Olympic Team and herself with her antics at Lillehammer. Harding finished 8th place, Kerrigan won the silver medal, losing out to Oksana Baiul of the Ukraine. In the wake of the affair, Harding was fined $100,000 and sentenced to 500 hours of community service, she was stripped of her 1994 US Championship and banned from amateur skating - for life. Her reputation and career went downhill from there, including nude videos and boxing.

http://www.myclassiclyrics.com/artist_biographies/Nancy_Kerrigan_Biography_2.jpg
Nancy Kerrigan was attacked on this date, but
was able to overcome the damage and won the
Silver Medal at the Olympics.

...in 1912, New Mexico was brought into the union as the 47th state. It started out as a territory of Spain, explored by Fancisco Vasquez de Coronado in 1540. When Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821, New Mexico became a territory of Mexico. It was ceded to the United States in 1853 as part of the settlement of the Mexican-American War. The Apache and Navaho resisted settlement by Spain, Mexico and the United States, but when Geronimo surrendered in 1886, the hostilities ceased. The population grew after that, with ranching and the coming of the Santa Fe Railroad in 1879.

...in 1936, the Warner Brothers studio, under Tex Avery premiered a new cartoon called Gold Diggers of '49. The cartoon starred "Beans" and featured the second appearance of a new character named Porky Pig. The following year, Porky would receive a new voice, that of Mel Blanc.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4d/Beans_and_Porky.jpg

...in 1973, A Mercedes-Benz 770K convertible sedan was sold at auction for $153,000.00, a record price for any vehicle at that time. The 770K series was a specially designed car that was only used by officials of the Nazi party and this particular car was supposedly a parade car used by Hitler himself. The owner displayed the car in Las Vegas and had a special display trailer built for the car, so the car could make a circuit of auto shows in the late 1970's. It was in Milwaukee several times, but I haven't seen it since. It is, reportedly, in the hands of a private collector now. (UPDATE! The car was sold again in November, 2009, as part of a package of related Nazi vehicles. It is now in the hands of a Russian collector with little else known about it.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/hitlerscar_1529350c.jpg
Der Fuhrer takes a parade ride in what may, or may not be, the subject
vehicle. At least two of the 770K convertibles were built.

...in 1973, Schoolhouse Rock (http://www.school-house-rock.com/) premiered on the ABC Saturday Morning cartoon lineup. In the early 1970's, an advertising executive (David McCall) was disturbed that his 11 year old boy couldn't remember multiplication tables but did know the words to every popular song on the radio. He decided that maybe the trick was to teach kids with rock 'n' roll, and he asked pianist Bob Dorough to write a song based on the multiplication tables. The result was Three is a Magic Number. McCall presented it to Michael Eisner, now the CEO of Disney/ABC but who was, at the time, in charge of children's programming. Eisner immediately bought it and ordered more! Each episode is three minutes long and teaches a lesson to a snappy tune. The episodes aired from 1975 through 1985, won four Emmys and are now available on DVD. Some episodes, such as How a Bill Becomes Law (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mEJL2Uuv-oQ) and Conjunction Junction (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mkO87mkgcNo&feature=related) can be seen on YouTube. You can even see the lesson that started it all, Three is a Magic Number (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mxmKRyLdBho&feature=related) up there, too.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e6/School_House_Rock%21.png (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0069627/)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 59 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1785, the first men to fly across the English Channel, Frenchman Jean-Pierre Blanchard and American John Jeffries, accomplished the feat in a gas balloon.

...in 1789, the first Presidential election was held in the United States. As defined by the US Constitution, voters chose state electors. The electors, in turn, voted as members of the electoral college. The same system is used to this day, but the difference is that 1789, only white, male, land owners were allowed to vote for electors. Today, of course, any citizen over the age of 18 is allowed to vote. Detractors of the electoral college system say that it is possible for a candidate to win the popular vote but to lose the electoral college. This happened three times, in 1876, 1888 and 2000. Proponents of the system point out that the electoral college distributes the vote over all states, meaning Rhode Island has as much at stake in the election as larger states. If the electoral college were eliminated for popular vote only, large states like California and Texas could dominate every election, overriding smaller states. In 1789, as expected, George Washington easily won the first election and he took office on April 30, 1789.

...in 1924, George Gershwin completed the Rhapsody in Blue, the landmark jazz symphony that is popular to this day. The piece was commissioned by Paul Whiteman for his big band. The distinctive opening features a clarinet starting with the lowest note possible on the instrument, quickly rising to the top register, using a technique called a "schmear" to a high C, a technique that only a few clarinetists can achieve. Gershwin also wrote An American in Paris, made famous in a Gene Kelly movie of the same name. Along with his brother, Ira, he wrote Porgy & Bess and the team wrote hundreds of familiar American songs. He died tragically in 1937, the result of a brain tumor that may have been caused by him being struck by a golf ball. His estate continues to collect royalties and he is estimated to be one of the wealthiest composers in history.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/George_Gershwin_1937.jpg/200px-George_Gershwin_1937.jpg
Jacob Gershowitz, aka George Gershwin
(1898-1937)

...in 1940, the CBS radio network premiered Gene Autry's Melody ranch which would remain on the air for 16 years. While in high school, Autry worked as a telegrapher at his town's railroad station and in between tasks, he would sing and play a cheap guitar. A stranger passing through the station one day heard him sing and suggested he go on the radio. The stranger knew what he was talking about, his name was Will Rogers. He found success as "Oklahoma's Yodeling Cowboy" and became a mainstay of the Sears National Barn Dance. He co wrote and recorded the first gold record, That Silver Haired Daddy of Mine. In 1934, he was recruited to ride, play guitar and sing in a series of western serials and by 1940, he was America's Favorite Cowboy. During WWII, Autry joined the Army Air Corps and took his oath on the air. (He flew a C-47 in the Pacific Theater.) Roy Rogers took his place while he served. Later, Autry would star with Pat Buttram on the Gene Autry Show. Autry was also an investor and entrepreneur, even owning the California Angels as a very popular baseball owner. Autry is the only entertainer to have five stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and he was elected to the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1969.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/GeneAutry.jpg/250px-GeneAutry.jpg
Gene Autry (1907-1998) in the Gene Autry Show.

...in 1999, the impeachment trial of President Bill Clinton began. He was charged with lying under oath and obstructing justice. Supreme Court Chief Justice William Rehnquist, under Article 1 of the US Constitution, was sworn in to preside over the trial, with Senators as jurors. President Clinton was the second US President to be impeached, the first being President Andrew Johnson in 1868.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Senate_in_session.jpg
The impeachment trial of President Bill Clinton in 1999,
Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist presiding.

...in 1985, GM opened Saturn Corporation as a wholly owned, independent subsidiary of the giant automaker. As time went on, though, it became obvious that Saturn was, in fact, a division of GM. Components and platforms were shared with Saturn's GM brethren, such as the Saturn Sky roadster that was built on the same platform as the Pontiac Solstice. It was announced in 2009, after the government takeover of GM, that the Saturn Division would either be sold off or close. In September 2009, a pending sale to the Penske Automotive Group went south when Penske withdrew the tender. Saturn, like Pontiac, will cease operation at the end of the 2010 model year, bringing an end to the 25 year experiment. New production has already stopped and all Saturn dealerships will close by October 2010.

http://wiki.gmnext.com/wiki/uploads/d/db/C4525-0010.jpg
Roger Smith and F James McDonald with the 1985 Saturn

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 57 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1815, two weeks after the conclusion of the War of 1812, one last big battle was fought. The Treaty of Ghent had been signed on December 24, 1814 to end the hostilities, but word did not reach the combatants. The British marched against New Orleans on January 8, hoping that by the capture of the city they could separate Louisiana from the rest of the country. (The US had purchased Louisiana from France in 1803, Napoleon probably needed the money because England and France were embroiled in the Napoleonic Wars.) The War of 1812 had petty much reached a stalemate. The merchants of England wanted the war over so they could go back to trading with the Americans but some in Britain wanted to capture Lousiana for England, and a British force began plans to capture New Orleans. The pirate, Jean Lafitte, knew of the British plans and warned the Americans. When the British, under General Edward Pakenham arrived, they found their way was blocked by General Andrew Jackson. Although the British force of 7,500 outnumbered the 4,500 Americans, mostly militia from Kentucky and Tennessee, they were mowed down by the mountaineers who were sharpshooters. In less than an hour, General Pakenham was dead along with 2,000 of his men killed, captured or wounded. Only 8 Americans died and 13 were wounded. The battle had little effect on a war that was already over, but it elevated Andrew Jackson's reputation and catapulted him into the Presidency.

Johnny Horton sings The Battle of New Orleans (http://video.google.com/videosearch?q=battle+of+new+orleans&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a&um=1&sa=X&oi=video_result_group&resnum=4&ct=title#).

...in 1642, Galileo Galilei died at the age of 77. He is referred to as the father of modern astronomy and the father of modern physics. He was the first to use a telescope and discovered the rings of Saturn, the moons of Jupiter, sunspots and the rotation of the sun. He published his astronomical findings, that confirmed the Copernican theory of heliotropism, that the earth rotated around the sun. This was heretical to the Catholic church that supported the geocentric view that the universe revolved around the earth. Galileo was convicted of heresy in 1633 but allowed to serve out his sentence under house arrest.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg/225px-Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

...in 1790, President George Washington delivered the very first State of the Union Address to the assembled congress in the capital, at New York City. He had a very carefully worded script that danced around the controversial issue of maintaining a standing army. He also expressed an interest in uniform rules including currency, weights and measures. He also stated a goal of a federal post office, post roads and and a system of public education. To this day, the President addresses a joint session cogress each January (except in inauguration years) to deliver the State of the Union Address.

...in 1941, the media mogul, William Randolph Hearst, ordered his entire media chain not to accept any advertising for, to review, or to even mention, Orson Welles' blockbuster Citizen Kane as Hearst thought the film was a poor study of him, portrayed by the character Charles Foster Kane. Hearst reportedly offered RKO studios $800,000.00 to burn all the prints and destroy the negatives. Welles claimed that a policeman pulled him aside after the premiere and told him, don't go to your hotel room. Hearst has a naked, underage girl there, waiting to jump into your arms with Hearst photographers waiting to get pictures. Welles did not go to his room that night and no one knows if the story was true or not. In the long run, Hearst's efforts to suppress the film did the opposite in the long run, as his name is never mentioned without a mention to Citizen Kane in the same sentence. Kane is the AFI's #1 of the top 100 movies, "Rosebud" is the #17 quote and it won the 1941 Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and was nominated for 8 other Oscars. The film set many standards for film production and Roger Ebert has called it the best movie ever made.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/ce/Citizenkane.jpg/215px-Citizenkane.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 37 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1493, Christopher Columbus wrote in his journal that while sailing near the Dominican Republic, he spotted three mermaids. He described them as "...not half as beautiful as they are painted." What he had spotted were three manatees, large, slow moving marine mammals with human-like eyes, a large face and flipper-like tail. They are vegetarians, reaching a length of 10-12 feet and they average between 800 and 1,200 pounds. They have no natural predators, but they are endangered in Florida waters due to collisions with boats.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/FL_fig04.jpg/250px-FL_fig04.jpg

...in 1768, the first circus ws performed in London by Philip Astley. There had always been trick riders acrobats and such, but it was not until Astley that they were all shown in one place. Astley was a cavalry man, and he learned that if he rode in a tight circle, he could perform amazing feats on horseback, provided by centrifugal force. He developed a reputation as a trick rider, and soon he found other equestrians, clowns and musicians and offered a big show under one roof. It was a competitor who opened down the street that used the word "circus" that soon became a generic word for the traveling show. In 1871, P.T. Barnum started a circus and in 1884, the Ringling Brothers, from Baraboo, Wisconsin, formed a road circus ad soon began buying other circuses, making the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey soon became the largest circus. Today, the largest collection of circus wagons in one place is in Baraboo, at the Circus World Museum (http://circusworld.wisconsinhistory.org/). Baraboo is also home to the Al Ringling Theater (http://www.alringling.com/), one of the first movie palaces.

...in 1776, Thomas Paine published his influential pamphlet, Common Sense that was a rallying cry for independence from Great Britain. The 47 page pamphlet sold over a half a million copies and united colonists into a united cause.

...in 1959, Clint Eastwood premiered in the Warner Brothers Television show, Rawhide. A mid-season replacement, it was one of 30 westerns on television in the 1959-60 season. It ran for 7 years before A Fistful of Dollars launched Eastwood into super stardom.

http://www.movieactors.com/photos-clint/clint23.jpeg
Clint Eastwood as Rowdy Yates

...in 1911, the US Circuit Court of Appeals threw out a patent infringement suit against Henry Ford. George B. Selden received a patent for a gasoline powered device called a "road engine" in 1895, claiming to have conceived the device during the Civil War. His "road engine" was basically a high-wheeled buckboard with an engine instead of horses. He never actually built the device and his concepts were far behind those of contemporary designs, but his patent assured a monopoly against anyone building a self-powered vehicle. Selden created a syndicate that collected royalties from auto manufacturers, but in 1903, the newly formed Ford Motor Company refused to pay the royalty. Selden sued. The case dragged out until 1909, when a New York Court ruled in favor of the ALAM, the Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers. Ford appealed, and on January 9, 1911[/url], the case was thrown out of court.

http://inventors.about.com/library/graphics/selden.gif
In 1911, a judge finally ruled that Selden's patent
did not fully describe an automobile, and since Selden
had not actually ever built a prototype, the patent was
invalid. With the breaking of the Selden Patent, the way
was cleared for Henry Ford to dominate the market with
the venerable Model T.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[chefpenny99]

KG--Do you know anything about the show Disappeared on the new channel Investigation Discovery? The description for Monday's episode sounds like it's about Paige.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

I knew nothing about it until you mentioned it.

The episode about Paige will air on Monday, January 11.

You can see a preview of the episode here: Disappeared Sneak Peaks: Paige Birgfeld (http://investigation.discovery.com/videos/disappeared-sneak-peeks-paige-birgfeld.html)

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

While there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, we do know that an episode of Disappeared, about Paige, will appear on the Investigation Discovery channel on Monday. You can see a preview of the episode here: Disappeared Sneak Peaks: Paige Birgfeld (http://investigation.discovery.com/videos/disappeared-sneak-peeks-paige-birgfeld.html). Otherwise, there was no news and there were no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 83 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1971, the popular PBS series, Masterpiece Theater went on the air. From the beginning, the series was underwritten by Mobil, later Mobil/Exxon, and for a time was even called Mobil Masterpiece Theater. Mobil pulled their funding at the end of 2005 and it is currently without sponsorship. (The show has also undergone major changes, including dropping "Theater" so it is now just Masterpiece and one cannot help but wonder if the changes were driven by Mobil's pulling of funding, or if the changes drove Mobil to pull the funding?) From the distinctive opening theme (Rondeau from Sinfonies de Fanfares by Jean-Joseph Mouret) to the much-parodied host, the late Allistair Cooke, the series has been a popular fixture for PBS. The show has been parodied many times, one of the best was an episode of South Park with Malcolm McDowel playing the host part and announcing, "I am a British person" and he goes on to narrate a parody of Great Expectations.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d1/Mpt-logo.png/175px-Mpt-logo.png

...in 1901,near Beaumont, Texas at a field called Spindletop Hill, and oil well came in with a gusher that shot hundreds of feet in the air and took 9 days to cap. The well, drilled by Croatia born Anthony Lucas, came in at a depth of 1,000 feet and flowed at a rate of 100,000 barrels per day.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Anthony_F._Lucas.jpg/160px-Anthony_F._Lucas.jpg
Croatian-American,
Anthony Lucas 1855-1921

The petroleum age had already begun when oil was discovered in Titusville,Pennsylvania in 1859 and prior to the Spindletop Hill find, Pennsylvania produced over half of the world's oil supply! At that time, oil was more of a curiosity than a commodity, kerosene was used for lighting and oil was used as a lubricant. People like Ransom E. Olds, Alexander Winton and the Duryea Brothers were changing things, though, as they were using gasoline to power a new fangled contraption called the automobile. Spindletop Hill created a "Black Gold Rush" and the population of Beaumont tripled overnight. There were oil workers, speculators, investors, merchants, bankers and the inevitable con men that almost changed the name to "Swindletop." By 1902, there were 500 oil companies operating there, some with names like Humble Oil (it would become Exxon) the Texas Company (Texaco, now Chevron) and Magnolia Petroleum, which would evolve into Mobil. The field remained profitable for decades with more oil discovered in the 1920's at deeper depths. Today, it is pretty much tapped out and only a few wells are still operating.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Lucas_gusher.jpg/250px-Lucas_gusher.jpg
The gusher at Spindletop Hill

...in 1961, Dashiel Hammett passed away. Not sure who he was? Follow along. He left school at the age of 13 and followed a path of dead end jobs before he became a detective with Pinkerton's, where he worked for eight years. It was there he had the experiences that he turned into fiction. His flat out honest and blunt descriptions of violence and events became known as the "hard-boiled" style of detective novels, followed later by writers like Raymond Chandler. Hammett wrote several short stories in his deadpan, machine-gun style of writing, beginning in 1929. He published two novels, Red Harvest and The Dain Curse but the next year, he introduced Sam Spade in his novel, The Maltese Falcon. It was made into a movie three times, but the third release, starring Humphrey Bogart, made Hammett and Spade household names. What was The Maltese Falcon? In the words of Sam Spade, "The stuff that dreams are made of."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d9/TheMalteseFalcon3_sz175.jpg
Humphrey Bogart as Sam Spade, and friend.

...in 1920, the League of Nations met for the first time, when the Covenant of the League of Nations was ratified by 42 nations. President Woodrow Wilson had been an advocate of the League, but Congress refused to ratify the Covenant and it did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles, which ended WWI. Wilson had suffered a stroke and was unable to compromise with Congress. The League went on without the US, but it had no teeth. When it condemned Japan for invading China, Japan just walked away. The League was unable to prevent the Italian invasion of Ethiopia or the rearming of Germany. It was dissolved in 1946 because...

...in 1946, the first meeting of the United Nations was held in London. 51 nations comprised the UN, modeled after the League of Nations but with more enforcement mechanisms. The first order of business was to call for peaceful use of atomic energy and for nuclear disarmament. For all it has done, the UN also has its severe critics who think the UN is as ineffectual as the old League of Nations. Either way, both organizations began on this date, 26 years apart.

[I]That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 58 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1908, President Theodore Roosevelt declared the Grand Canyon a national monument.
Native Americans had lived in the area for centuries, the first Europeans to see the big hole in
the ground were members of the expedition led by Francisco Vasquez de Coronado in 1540.
Several more centuries would pass before North American settlers would explore the
canyon. One of the 19th Century tourists was Roosevelt himself, a New Yorker who was
fascinated by the Old West. Roosevelt became President after the assassination of
William McKinley, and Roosevelt, a preservationist, made conservation a priority of his
administration. There was a method to make lands into a National Park, but it required an act of
congress. Roosevelt worked around it by declaring 800,000 acres of the canyon into a
National Monument by executive decree. He said, "Let this great wonder of nature remain as it
now is. You cannot improve on it. But what you can do is keep it for your children, your children’s
children, and all who come after you, as the one great sight which every American should see."
Congress would make it into a national park in 1919, the act signed by President Woodrow Wilson.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/T501.jpg

...in 1973, in what would become a black day for purists, the American League owners at
the Winter Meetings voted to institute the Designated Hitter rule. It was nothing new, in fact,
legendary Connie Mack had proposed the rule back in 1906 and even in 1928, the National League's
President John Heydler brought it up, but nothing ever came of it. Charlie Finley, the owner
sometimes described as "colorful," brought up the DH rule again as a way of boosting offense and
boosting attendance. When approved in 1973, it was the first time the two leagues would operate
with different rules and it was the biggest rule change since 1903 when foul balls were made into
strikes. To this day, fans of both leagues argue the merits/disgrace of the DH rule.

...in 1980, the premier album, Pretenders, by the British rock band, The Pretenders, was
released. Led by American ex-patriot Chrissie Hynde, the band was formed at the tail end of the British
punk rock movement. In July 1982, The Pretenders released the single Back of the Chain Gang
with the B side song called My City Was Gone. The song is a protest song inspired by Hynde's
return to her native Akron, Ohio only to find that after the failure of the tire
industry, downtown Akron was bulldozed and rebuilt. She protests rampant expansion and
real estate development. The forgettable song is only famous today because the distinctive opening
bass and lead guitar riffs are the theme song for the Rush Limbaugh Radio Program. Hynde says she
doesn't really like that, and there was some legal wrangling over Limbaugh's use of the song in the late
1990's. Most skeptics think it was a publicity stunt for both personalities, because she does seem to
like the royalty checks from Limbaugh's EIB Radio Network that are donated to PETA. Although she has an
apartment in Akron and is part owner of a business in Akron, Hynde has lived in London for most of her adult life.

http://www.ci.akron.oh.us/Tour/Graphics/98a.jpg
Downtown Akron was bulldozed and revitalized to house
The Inventor's Hall of Fame, the Knight Center and Canal Park,
home to the Akron Aeros, AA affiliate of the Cleveland Indians.
You can see the rampant industrial development and
pollution, can't you?

...in 1970, the NFL Champion Minnesota Vikings would face off in Super Bowl IV against the
AFL Champion Kansas City Chiefs. The Chiefs had lost to the Green Bay Packers in Super Bowl II, but by
the 1969 season, the Vikings were the dominant team in the NFL. Most sports pundits still considered
the AFL to be an inferior league to the NFL, considering the New York Jets defeat of the Baltimore Colts in
Super Bowl III as "a fluke." The Chiefs laid a licking on the Vikings, 23-7, to even the AFL-NFL Championship
Game standings at 2-2. It was the first of four Super Bowl appearances by the Vikings, all of which they lost,
joining the Buffalo Bills with four Super Bowl appearances without a victory.

http://thebsreport.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/bud-grant.jpg?w=300&h=329
Bud Grant led the Vikings to a sparkling
.634 record of 151-87-5 during his tenure as
the coach of the Minnesota Vikings. He led the
team to eleven division titles, four conference
championships, one NFL Championship and
four Superbowl appearances. The team lost all
four Superbowls and has not been there since
Super Bowl XI in 1977.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 32 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1904, racer Barney Oldfield set the a speed record on the ice of frozen Lake St. Claire, north of Detroit. He was driving a stripped Ford automobile and reached a speed of 91.37 MPH. Considering that Ford Motor Company was founded in 1903, the speed was a major accomplishment. (Oldfield had been a bicycle racer when Henry Ford hired him to drive the 999. Oldfield had never driven a car before he saw the 999 in 1902) Oldfield chose the lake because it was large, flat and had nothing to hit. The exploits of the bicycle racer turned automobile daredevil added a phrase to the lexicon, "Who do you think you are, Barney Oldfield?" He would go on to set many more automobile records, and many years later, Henry Ford said to him, "Barney, I made you, and you made me." Oldfield replied, "No, Henry. 999 made us both."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/BarneyOldfieldHenryFord.jpg/250px-BarneyOldfieldHenryFord.jpg
Barney Oldfield at the controls of
the 999 race car, with Henry Ford

...in 1969, the upstart New York Jets, AFL Champions, defeated the highly favored NFL Champion Baltimore Colts in Superbowl III. Led by the flamboyant "Broadway Joe" Namath, the Jets defeated the Colts 16-7, after Namath had guaranteed a victory. After a sparkling career under Bear Bryant at Alabama, Namath was drafted by the St. Louis Cardinals of the NFL, the Jets of the AFL, and was even offered a baseball contract by the Chicago Cubs. He chose the Jets, where he was Rookie of the Year and the first pro quarterback to throw for 4,000 yards in a single season. He had a lavish penthouse in New York and a brash confidence that was loved in New York and hated elsewhere. The victory proved that the AFL was a far stronger league than the sports pundits thought, and the victory by the Chiefs over the Vikings the following year (see yesterday's update) evened the standings at two apiece.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Joe_Namath.jpg/200px-Joe_Namath.jpg
Broadway Joe in 2003

...in 1926, Vaudville actors Freeman Gosden and Charles Carrell premiered a radio program on Chicago starion WGN. Called Sam 'n' Henry, the white actors portrayed two black men from the deep south who had come to Chicago to make their fortune. Two years later, they would take their show across town to WMAQ, but could not go on the air with it, because WGN owned the rights to the characters' names. Gosden and Carrell simply changed the character names to Amos 'n' Andy and the most popular radio show in history was born. It ran for 22 years on radio and in 1951, it made the leap to television. On television, the characters were portrayed by Alvin Childress and Spencer Williams. The show was the first to feature an all black cast, the only one for 20 years. The NAACP criticized both the radio and television show for promoting racial stereotypes, and the television show collapsed under the pressure in 1953. It is almost painful to listen to tapes of the original shows today, but Amos 'n' Andy thrived in a different era and a different time.

http://www.richsamuels.com/nbcmm/graphics/aa2.jpg
Gosden and Correll originated Amos 'n' Andy
from the WMAQ studios in Chicago until 1938,
when they moved to Hollywood.

...in 1932, Ophelia Wyatt Caraway became the first woman to be elected to the US Senate. A Democrat from Arkansas, Caraway had been appointed to fulfill the term of her late husband, Thaddeus Horation Caraway after his death in 1931. The powerful senator from Louisana, the colorful Huey Long, supported her efforts to be nominated and run for the seat. She was reelected in 1938 but lost to William Fullbright in 1944. She was not the first woman to serve in the Senate, that was Rebecca Latimer Felton who was appointed in 1922 to fill a vacant seat but never ran for election. Jeanette Rankin was elected to the House in 1917, the first woman to serve in Congress.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Hattie_Caraway_1914.jpg/395px-Hattie_Caraway_1914.jpg
Hattie Ophelia Wyatt Caraway (1878 – 1950)
The first woman elected to serve in the Senate

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 37 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1128, Pope Honorisu II recognized the Knights Templar, declaring it to be God's Army. The Knights Templar were led by a French knight named Hughes de Payens after their formation in 1118. Their mission was to protect Christian pilgrims on their way to the Holy Land, during the Crusades, European military expeditions into the Holy Land aimed to force Muslims from Palestine. The name was taken from the Temple on the Mount in Jerusalem. At first, there were only nine members, as they were sworn to not own property but since Christians donated property to the Knights to support their mission, the organization became quite wealthy. After the unsuccessful Crusades came to an end, other orders and secular organizations became jealous of the Templar's great wealth. In 1307, King Philip IV of France and Pope Clement conspired to bring down the Templar, bringing charges of heresy, sacrilege and Satanism. Under duress, the Templars confessed and were burned at the stake. Clement dissolved the Templars and gave their wealth to a rival group, the Knights Hospitaliers. Actually, most of the assets were taken by Philip and King Edward II of England. The modern church has admitted the persecution of the Knights Templar was unjustified and claims Clement was forced into the move. The Knights Templar have been the source of myths and legends for centuries, including claims that they have the Ark of the Covenant, parts of the cross from Christ's crucifixion and the Holy Grail. Those legends have been the source of many stories, including The Da Vinci Code.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Templarsign.jpg

...in 1939, Anthony "Doc" Barker was shot and killed while he was trying to escape from Alcatraz. Doc Barker, along with his brothers Herman and Lloyd, the Barkers were a formidable gang in their day. They pulled off numerous bank jobs and kidnappings all over the midwest. They were able to live in relative freedom because the boys' mother Kate, the infamous Ma Barker, reportedly paid off police officials in small towns all over their territory. (There is no real evidence that Ma Barker was at all involved in any of the criminal activity that she is blamed for.) In January of 1935, FBI agents, led by Melvin Purvis, moved in and captured Doc Barker in Chicago. While searching Doc, he was found to be unarmed. "Where's your gun?" Purvis reportedly asked. "Home," Doc said, "And ain't that a place for it?" A week later, Fred and Ma were gunned down in an FBI shootout in Florida. Doc was convicted and sent to The Rock where he tried to make his escape. He had climbed over the wall and was found on the rocks with searchlights from the guard towers. He was ordered to freeze, but he continued to assemble a make-shift raft. When he waded into the cold waters of San Francisco Bay to launch his escape craft, guards shot and killed him, ending the spree of the most notorious family of the gangster era.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/collage_lb_image_page0_1_1.png
Alvin "Doc" Barker

...in 1942, Henry Ford patented a plastic-bodied automobile. According to all reports, the plastic was based on soybeans. Development of the plastic car ended with World War II, and not much else was done until decades later, as most cars are made with many plastic components these days.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/soybeancar.jpg

...in 1929, 80 year old Wyatt Earp passed away quietly in Los Angeles, nearly 50 years after the famous shootout at the O.K. Corral. Wyatt Earp was a colorful character and notorious law man that traveled the west, with a career that spanned from Peoria to Kansas to Arizona. In 1881, the Earp brothers were in competition with the Clanton-McLaury ranches for the control of Tombstone, Arizona. On October 26, 1881, the tensions resulted in a 30 second shootout in the streets of Tombstone, near the OK Corral. See Morning Update, October 26, 2008 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-october-26-2008-a-45428/) for more about the gunfight. He retired to California and tried to keep his fame alive. He was called to Hollywood where he acted as a technical advisor to many westerns, telling Tom Mix, a young John Wayne, and others, what the old west was really like. Great fame eluded him in his lifetime, but a biography, a television series in the 1950's (starring Hugh O'Brien) and several movies cemented his fame forever.

http://www.wyattearp.net/Wyattearp1.jpg
Wyatt Berry Stapp Earp 1848-1929
"No man can have a more loyal friend than Wyatt Earp, nor a more dangerous enemy." - Bat Masterson.

...in 1864, America's first professional composer passed away, in the charity ward of Bellevue Hospital in New York City. Stephan Foster was only 37. The Yankee Doodle Dandy was born in Lawrenceville, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1826, which was the 50th Anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. He started to compose as a young man, greatly influenced by minstrels. His first hit was Oh! Susanna in 1848 which he sold to a publisher for $100. (It would become the anthem for the California Gold Rush. In 1849, he was commissioned to write for a minstrel troop called the Christy Minstrels, for whom he composed The Old Folks at Home, better known by it's popular title, Swanee River. In the following decade, he wrote several more tunes that became American standards, like Camptown Races, My Old Kentucky Home, Old Dog Tray, I Dream of Jeanie With the Light Brown Hair and Beautiful Dreamer. My Old Kentucky Home is the state song of Kentucky as The Old Folks at Home is the state song of Florida. Unfortunately, copyright laws were not enforced in Foster's day and he lost out on a great deal of deserved income. He moved to New York City where he died. Foster is remembered at Bardstown, Kentucky at My Old Kentucky Home State Park, where Stephen Foster: The Musical has been performed since 1958. There is a statue of him next to the Federal Hill mansion, where he visited relatives. It was his inspiration for My Old Kentucky Home.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/StephenFoster.jpeg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7d/MOKH_Mansion.jpg/235px-MOKH_Mansion.jpg
Stephen Collins Foster (1826-1864) and the Federal Hill Mansion at My Old Kentucky Home State Park

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 62 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1875, Albert Schweitzer was born in in Upper-Alsace, Germany, now Haut-Rhin, France. He was the son and grandson of ministers, and expected to follow in their footsteps. He entered medical school in 1905 with the goal of becoming a missionary in Africa. He was also a classically trained musician, and when he graduated from medical school in 1913, he had published two books, The Quest for the Historical Jesus and a pamphlet, The Art of Organ Building and Organ Playing in Germany and France with organ composer, Charles-Marie Widor. The two of them started a reform movement in the classical organ that rediscovered baroque principals that had been lost in the classical movement. He raised funds for his African mission by playing organ concerts. (Schweitzer made several recordings in Britain in 1934 and 1935 that have been reissued on CD.) He and his wife established a hospital near a French mission in Lambaréné on the Ogooué River, in what is now Gabon, Africa. He was watched closely during WWI, a German in a French colony. After the war, he obtained French citizenship and continued his medical mission. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1952.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-D0116-0041-019%2C_Albert_Schweitzer.jpg/225px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-D0116-0041-019%2C_Albert_Schweitzer.jpg
"The only ones among you who
will be really happy are those who will
have sought and found how to
serve." — Albert Schweitzer (1875-1865)

...in 1784, the Continental Congress ratified the Second Treaty of Paris, which officially ended the Revolutionary War. (The first Treaty of Paris ended the Seven Years' War in 1763.) The treaty reestablished the borders of the new United States and what was left of British America. It defined fishing rights, access to the Mississippi River by both sides, and respect for the materiel left behind by the British Army. It also released prisoners of war of both sides.

...in 1954, the Hudson Motor Car Company and the maker of automobiles and appliances known as Nash-Kelvinator, merged to form the American Motors Corporation.

http://www.pnwnash.org/images/50/54nash3.jpg
1954 Nash Statesman

http://www.kelvinator.com/images/kelvinatorBrand.jpg
Kelvinator, long since sold off from
American Motors and other owners, still
makes commercial refrigeration equipment.

...in 1864, Richard Felton Outcault was born in Lancaster, Ohio. The talented artist was a technical illustrator for Thomas Edison but also drew humorous sketches for the magazines Judge and Life. In 1894, he joined Joseph Pulitzer's New York World. Pulitzer experimented with color, and on the front page, he used Outcault's talent to draw a color, one frame comic called Hogan's Alley, that depicted events in a fictional slum. One character in the panel, "The Yellow Kid," gave rise to the phrase "Yellow journalism." In 1896, he defected to William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal where in 1902, he introduced a new style of comic with frames and speech balloons. It featured characters named Buster Brown and his dog, Tige. Dressed in Little Lord Fauntleroy clothes, his daily antics were immensely popular and spawned a number of consumer products, the most famous being Buster Brown shoes. Outcault is considered the father of the modern comic strip.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Yellow_kid001.gif http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Buster_Brown_valentine.jpg
The Yellow Kid, Buster Brown and Tige

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 66 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1918, Stan Laurel began working for Hal Roach studios. The English actor had performed in British music halls and Vaudeville, even being an understudy to Charlie Chaplin. In 1926, director Leo McCarey suggested that the tall, thin Laurel team up with the rotund Oliver Hardy and one of the most successful comedy teams ever started on a long career. Their on-screen chemistry was unequaled, with Laurel's delightful naivete and Hardy's frustrated arrogance being the key to their humor. Laurel would scratch his head with a look of bewilderment while Hardy would do a slow boil, eventually landing in a bucket of paint or getting a pie in the face, followed by his signature line, "Well, here's another nice mess you've gotten me into." They won an academy award in 1933 for the hysterical short, The Music Box in which two inept movers are hired to deliver a piano up a long set of stairs. Another classic came in Two Tars (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GpukGHMeN2Q) where Hardy's anger ends up destroying a long line of automobiles that are stuck in a traffic jam. A common foil was Edgar Kennedy, who would be best remembered by the next generation as Uncle Joe in Petticoat Junction. Hardy suffered a stroke in 1954 and Laurel vowed to never perform again, which he didn't, up to his death in 1965. (Click here to see part of The Music Box (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m7qa15xztEU&feature=PlayList&p=C0E5B2328BFC2CAE&index=13) on YouTube.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/51/Laurel_and_Hardy.jpg
Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy

...in 1919, the streets of Boston were flooded on this day. The flood killed 21 people and injured about 150 more. Why is this unusual? It was a flood of molasses. Molasses was the most commonly used sweetener at the time (corn syrup is used for that now) and was also distilled for alcohol, again, much as corn is today except the alcohol was used in the manufacture of munitions. At the Purity Distilling Company, the bolts holding the lower plates on a storage tank exploded, sending an 8 foot wave of hot molasses cascading through the streets at 35 miles per hour. It flattened a fire station and engulfed the support piers of an elevated railroad. The mess took 87,000 man hours to clean up and people claim that to this day, when it is really warm, you can still smell molasses. The following lawsuits resulted in payouts of $1,000,000.00, which would be well over $6 million today, adjusted for inflation.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/BostonMolassesDisaster.jpg/320px-BostonMolassesDisaster.jpg
The Boston Molasses Disaster of 1919

...in 1967, the first ever championship game between the champion of the upstart American Football League and the champion of the established National Football League was held at the Los Angeles Coliseum. The owner of the AFL Champion Kansas City Chiefs suggested the game be called the Super Bowl, but that name would not be assigned until 1969, when this game would be renamed Super Bowl I. Both the NFL Champion Green Bay Packers coach, Vince Lombardi and Chief's coach, Hank Stram, were under a great deal of pressure from both leagues to win the game. The players were equally nervous. The game was not a sellout, in fact, people complained about the exorbitant ticket price of $12.00 and because it was not sold out, the game was blacked out in Los Angeles. CBS had exclusive rights to broadcast NFL games and NBC had exclusive rights to broadcast AFL games, so the "Super Bowl" was simulcast. NBC was forced to use the CBS video feed because the Coliseum was the home of the Rams, an NFL team. The first touchdown to be scored in Super Bowl history was a pass from Bart Starr to veteran receiver Max McGee. The legend is that McGee, known for partying, was out late the night before because he never thought he'd play. When Boyd Dowler went down to injury, McGee, who claimed to be hung over, went in and made a spectacular one-handed catch in the end zone of Starr's pass. The Packers went on to win the game 35-10 on the strength of three second half touchdowns.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Sports/starr-i.jpg http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Sports/sbi_b.jpg
Bart Starr threw the first touchdown pass to Max McGee - Pete Rozelle presented
the trophy to Vince Lombardi, for whom the trophy eventually would be named.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 59 X candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1919, the 18th Amendment to the US Constitution was ratified. The amendment prohibited the "manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors for beverage purposes." Carrie Nation had taken her hatchet-wielding style of temperance national and by the end of the 19th Century, the movement had become a powerful lobbying force. Woodrow Wilson was no exception, and by 1917, the 18th Amendment was on the books and ratified in January 1919. Nine months later, Congress overrode President Wilson's veto of the Volstead Act, which created a special enforcement agency under the Treasury Department. Despite all the do-gooder actions, organized crime flourished, providing satisfaction to a market demand for alcohol. Prohibition was one of the most violent periods in American history, and it lasted until 1933 when the 21st Amendment was passed, ending prohibition. Known as "The Noble Experiment," prohibition was a dismal failure.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/4130.jpg
Philadelphia Public Safety Director Smedley Darlington Butler
smashing a barrel of confiscated beer during Prohibition, 1924

...in 1953, the Chevrolet Corvette was introduced at the New York Auto Show. The concept car generated lots of interest but when it came time to place orders, few were sold. Meanwhile, across town, the designers at Ford were working on their own two-seat "personal luxury car" that they introduced in 1954 as the Thunderbird. In 1955, Ford sold 16,155 of their two-seat Thunderbirds while Chevrolet sold 700 Corvettes. Most executives, with such a dismal performance, would cut their losses, drop the turkey and move on. Chevrolet believed in the Corvette, though, and kept production rolling. At Ford, Robert McNamara (who would later move to the Kennedy Administration where he would screw up American involvement in Viet Nam) screwed up the Thunderbird by making it bigger and heavier. Today, there is no doubt what a Corvette is but there have been 11 generations of Thunderbird with no real identity.

http://www.web-cars.com/images/vette_img/1954-corvette_scanA_a_s.jpg

...in 1945, Adolph Hitler would take to his bunker, 55 feet below the chancellery (his headquarters) where he would spend the last 105 days of his life. The bunker was a totally self-contained unit, featruing 18 rooms and its own water and electrical supply. He spent most of his time trying to manipulate the defense of Berlin, which was close to being overrun by the Russian army. Colleagues would come and go but Hitler mostly stayed underground. His constant companion, Eva Braun, remained with him along with his dog, Blondi. (You can see some of the remains of the Third Reich on a site called Third Reich Ruins (http://thirdreichruins.com/berlin2.htm), that is, if you give a rip.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-V04744%2C_Berlin%2C_Garten_der_zerstörte_Reichskan zlei.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-V04744%2C_Berlin%2C_Garten_der_zerstörte_Reichskan zlei.jpg
The rear entrance to Der Führerbunker in 1947,
before it was destroyed by the Soviet army. The
cone-shaped structure was the bomb shelter for
the guards.

...in 1979, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, the leader of Iran since 1941, fled his country in the face of religious overthrow. Fourteen days later, the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the spiritual leader of the Islamic revolution, returned after 15 years of exile and took control of Iran. The Shah had been a Cold War ally of the United States and Great Britain, and he had continually reminded his people that they were Persian and that he was actually the King of Persia, the last in a long line of such kings. There was much unrest and social upheaval in Iran, however, along with political upheaval. The Shah suffered from cancer and wanted to come to the United States for treatment. Enraged students in Teheran invaded the US Embassy where they took 52 US citizens as hostages. At that moment, President Jimmy Carter began his legacy of being the most ineffective President of the 20th Century, perhaps ever, as the crisis began. He had enraged the already angry Iranian students when he toasted the Shah in the international press after he was deposed. Years later, in his autobiography, the Ayatollah said he knew he was in a position of strength when Teheran was still standing the next morning, and that Carter would do virtually nothing. Once he realized he had Carter and the US by the short hairs, he played Carter and the US media like a violin. The Iranians held the embassy and the hostages for 444 days while Carter did little except to wring his hands, start negotiation ploys that were crushed at the last minute by the Ayatollah and launch a doomed rescue effort. He did freeze Iran's assets in the United States which appeared to have little or no effect. The hostages were released on January 20, 1981 (Inauguration Day) when Khomeneini realized there was a new sheriff in town and that Ronald Reagan was not going to be the pushover Carter was. Relations between the US and Iran remain strained to this day.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Mohammad-reza-shah.jpg
Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi (1919-1980)
The Shah accepted asylum in Egypt, offered by
President Anwar El-Sadat, where he died from
complications of non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 53 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1950, more than $2 million was stolen from the Brinks Armored Car depot in Boston, Massachusetts. It was the nearly perfect crime, well planned, well executed with military precision, and it kept authorities guessing until it all fell apart in 1956, just days before the statute of limitations ran out. (Someone talks. That's why conspiracies never work, because someone always talks.) The gang had staked out the depot to determine traffic patterns and when the depot would likely have the most loot available. They even stole a wiring diagram of the alarm system and returned it before anyone noticed it had been missing. Just before 7:30 on this date, the gang rolled up to the depot, let themselves in with a key they had made by stealing, and returning, a lock cylinder. Wearing full face masks, the gang surprised the Brinks crew, bound and gagged them, then proceeded to help themselves to $2.7 in cash and negotiable securities. The gang had agreed to keep silent for six years, and to not disposed of any of the loot for that time. Just prior to the statute of limitations running out, a disgruntled gang member finally talked. All of the gang was accounted for, but about half of the money was never found. It is rumored to be in the hills of Grand Rapids, Minnesota but no one knows for sure.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/brinks-job-entrance.jpg
The Brinks Job went down at this location, now a parking garage.

...in 1949, the first of an infestation of Beetles arrived in the US from Germany. The Volkswagen, commonly referred to a a "bug" or a "beetle" was designed by Ferdinand Porsche for the German government. The Volkswagen, or "People's Car," was supposed to be a German equivalent of the Model T, cheap, reliable and solid. After the war, production increased and it began to be sold in the United States in 1949.

http://oldcarandtruckpictures.com/Volkswagen/1949VolkswagenBeetle-a.jpg
The American Infestation of German Beetles
began with this model.

...in 1961, Republican President Dwight Eisenhower made his farewell speech to America, his last as President. His remarks were prophetic, as he warned about the Military-Industrial complex (a term that he coined, and that had so much to do with the escalation of the Viet Nam war.) He called for diplomacy and restraint in dealing with crises with the Soviet Union - which came to a head in October, 1962. Dwight and Mamie Eisenhower retired to their farm in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, where their back porch overlooks the historic battlefield site.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Eisenhower-Farm-National-Historic-S.jpg
The Eisenhower Farm, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
The historic battlefield is adjacent to the farm.

...in 1942, a plane crash took the life of 33 year old Carole Lombard. Lombard, from Fort Wayne, Indiana, had been married to Clark Gable since 1939. She was best known for starring roles in screwball comedies like My Man Godfrey. She was back in Indiana, raising money for War Bonds. Her plane went down out of Las Vegas, where it had stopped for refueling.

http://bridgehunter.com/photos/10/97/109743-M.jpg
A bridge in Fort Wayne (http://bridgehunter.com/in/allen/200262/), near her childhood home (out of site,
just beyond the bridge) has been named for her.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Carole_Lombard_in_Nothing_Sacred_2_cropped.jpg/180px-Carole_Lombard_in_Nothing_Sacred_2_cropped.jpg
Carole Lombard, circa 1937, in Nothing Sacred.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 37 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1919, the WWI peace talks began in Paris. Some of the most powerful leaders in the world were there, about to make the very most important negotiations ever made to that time. President Woodrw Wilson had been promoting a concept of "peace without victory" to make all sides just lay down arms to end the war and to make sure that Germany, the big loser in the war, would not be treated too harshly. Ironically, representatives of Germany were not allowed at the conference until May, when a draft of the Versailles Treaty was already created. The Germans had put great faith in President Wilson and were seriously disappointed with the treaty that called for huge reparations and ceding of territory. The worst of all was Article 231, the one that called for Germany to accept sole responsibility for the war. It was more than Germans could swallow. The Treaty of Versailles caused the great depression to start early in Germany. It also caused great resentment and anger in the eyes of the German people. It planted the seeds for Hitler's rise to power and the start of World War II. The treaty was signed on June 28, 1919, five years to the day that the war started.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Council_of_Four_Versailles.jpg
L to R, UK Prime Minister Lloyd George, Italian Prime Minister Orlando, French Prime Minister Clemenceau, and US President Wilson

...in 1919, Bentley Motors was founded in London, England. Bentley made upscale sports cars and luxury automobiles until it was acquired by Rolls-Royce in 1931. From then on, the Bentley was The Rolls' poor little brother but it began to gain more and more features of the Rolls until you could hardly tell them apart.

http://www.remarkablecars.com/main/bentley/bentley.jpg
If you have to ask, you can't afford it anyway.

...in 1990, the mayor of the District of Columbia, Democrat Marion Barry, was arrested on drug charges in a sting operation for possession and use of crack. In 1991, he was sentenced to six months. When he got out, he was elected to the City Council, and in 1994, he was elected mayor again. He retired in 1999, but came out and ran for the Ward 8 City Council seat and won with 96% of the vote. Unreal.

...in 1971, George McGovern began his ill-fated run at the White House. The Democrat from South Dakota thought he could capitalize on the youth of America who had been protesting the Viet Nam war and demanded an end to the hostilities. McGovern vowed to bring everyone home if elected. He won the Democrat nomination and ran up against Richard Nixon who promised "peace with honor." Both Democrats and Republicans were alarmed by McGovern's extreme views of the war and his statement that "it would take me 24 hours and one stroke of the pen to terminate all military operations in Southeast Asia." He also promised to bring everyone home within 90 days of taking office, regardless of the conditions of US POW's. To most American's, that was the same as surrender, am unthinkable action for most Americans. Nixon won by an absolute landslide - 60.7% to 37.5% of the popular vote. McGovern carried Massachusetts (no surprise there) but didn't even carry his home state of South Dakota.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/George_McGovern_bioguide.jpg/159px-George_McGovern_bioguide.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Richard_Nixon.jpg/250px-Richard_Nixon.jpg
George McGovern - Richard Nixon

...in 1983, Jim Thorpe's Olympic Medals were symbolically restored. Thorpe is generally considered to be the most versitile athlete of modern times, perhaps ever. Jacobus Franciscus "Jim" Thorpe was of mixed parentage, French, Sac and Fox and he was also given the Native American name, Wa-Tho-Huk, "Bright Path." While walking past a college track practice, on a whim, he beat the team's high jumpers at 5'9" while wearing street clothes! He played football for legendary coach, Pop Warner, and in the 1912 Olympics, he easily won the Pentathalon and Decathalon. Thorpe also had a long and successful career in the NFL, mostly with the Canton Bulldogs. His Olympic Medals were stripped after it was found that Thorpe played semi-professional baseball prior to the 1912 Olympics for which he was paid $25. Over the years, Robert Wheeler and Florence Ridlon petitioned the IOC and AAU to restore Thorpe's amateur status and return his medals. They refused all such attempts until 1982 when the AAU overturned the 1913 ruling and restored Thorpe's amateur status. In October 1982, the IOC approved Thorpe's reinstatement. On January 18, 1983, commemorative medals were presented to Thorpe's children, Gale and Bill. The original medals had been placed in museums but were stolen and to this day, no one knows where they are.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Jim_Thorpe_olympic.png/140px-Jim_Thorpe_olympic.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Jim_Thorpe_football.png/180px-Jim_Thorpe_football.png
Jim Thorpe at the 1912 Olympics and as a member of the Canton Bulldogs of the NFL

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 63 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1940, You Nazty Spy was released. The two-reeler starred the Three Stooges and beat Charlie Chaplin's The Great Dictator to theatrical release by a full year. Moe Howard played a Hitler-esque dictator, placed in charge of a country called Moronica. It was the first time Hitler had been satirized on screen. The concept for the trio was a Vaudeville act that started in 1923, billed as "Ted Healy and His Stooges." Ted Healy was a Vaudeville performer and later made a name for himself in the movies. His childhood friend, Harry Moses Horwitz, applied for a job with Healy in 1922, as Moe Howard, he started as a audience heckler. Eventually, he moved to the stage when his brother, Shemp, joined the act as a heckler with Larry Fine, a classical violinist, joining the act in 1925. Shemp did not get along with Healy and left the act. Moe's little brother, Jerry, shaved his red hair and joined the act as Curly. In 1931, they broke from Healy and started making films, creating over 190 shorts for Columbia. You Nazty Spy was Moe's favorite, one of several in which he played a Hitler character. In Back From the Front, the boys are lost at sea and rescued by the S.S. Schicklgruber. (With this episode, the official theme song changed to Three Blind Mice. All episodes previous to this one used a version of Listen to the Mockingbird.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c7/Naztyspy_lobby.jpeg/300px-Naztyspy_lobby.jpeg

...in 1870, the Democrat Party was represented in a Thomas Nast cartoon as a donkey The cartoon appeared in Harper's Weekly, as most Nast cartoons did, and it depicted a jackass kicking a dead lion. Since the jackass represented Democrat interests, it soon became the symbol for the Democrat party. (Nast drew a similar cartoon depicting an elephant representing Republican interests for Harper's. That cartoon appeared in Harper's Weekly in the November 7, 1874 issue.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Democraticjackass.jpg/553px-Democraticjackass.jpg

...in 1955, the New York Motorama was the first display of the Cadillac Park Avenue, a concept car that featured a four door hardtop design (no "B" pillar, that is, no center pillar) and a return to dual headlights. The massive tail fins were taken directly from the 1951 LeSabre concept. The car would eventually reach production as the Eldorado Broughman, an example of Detroit extravagence in the late 1950's.

http://wiki.gmnext.com/wiki/uploads/0/0c/D-U1954-0005.jpg
The Cadillac Park Avenue Concept Car

...in 1955, President Dwight Eisenhower presented the first televised press conference from the Indian Treaty Room at White House. The feed was recorded by NBC and shared with the CBS, ABC and DuMont networks.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/th_Indian_TreatyEisenhower.jpg (http://smg.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/?action=view&current=Indian_TreatyEisenhower.jpg)
President Dwight Eisenhower presides
over the first televised White House
press conference.
(Click to see a larger print.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 50 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1937, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt was inaugurated to his second of four terms in Washington, D.C. He was the first President to be inaugurated on January 20, a date specified by the 20th Amendment to the Constitution. Prior to that, inaugurations were held in March (except George Washington, who was inaugurated in April 30, 1789.) The March date was to allow plenty of time to count ballots and allow travel time to Washington, not to mention, an attempt to avoid bad weather. William Henry Harrison gave the longest inauguration speech of 8,445 words in 1841, it had even been shortened by Daniel Webster. He caught pneumonia as a result of not wearing an overcoat and talking for over two hours in the cold, rainy weather. Harrison died on April 4, the first President to die in office, making John Tyler the President. Harrison not only gave the longest inauguration speech, he served the shortest term in office.

http://history.sandiego.edu/cdr2/WW2Pics/09043.jpg
1933 FDR Inauguration

...in 1980, President Jimmy Carter wrote a letter to the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) to propose that the 1980 Summer Olympics be moved from Moscow, the host city, if the Soviet Union did not remove troops from Afghanistan within 30 days. "It’s very important for the world to realize how serious a threat the Soviets’ invasion of Afghanistan is," Carter wrote, and threatened that the US would boycott the Olympics. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) replied by saying a move was impossible and as promised, the USOC voted to boycott the events. The boycott devastated the hopes of American athletes, especially when Carter promised to revoke the passports of any athlete who went on their own. Lord Killanin of the IOC said the boycott was an American violation of the Olympic charter, and that the only way the games could be taken from Moscow was if the Soviets breached the contract first. The United States was one of 60 countries to boycott the Olympics, however, many countries turned a blind eye to their citizen-athletes individual participation. As you might expect, the Soviet athletes dominated the games. Four years later, the Soviets returned the favor by boycotting the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles, citing a fear for their athlete's safety in a clearly anti-communist environment. (The "anti-communist environment didn't stop the Chinese, who attended their first games in 32 years.) The entire boycott issue was an embarrassment, it changed nothing and served to disappoint a generation of athletes. It remains a black mark on the legacy of President Carter.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-W0801-0120%2C_Moskau%2C_XXII._Olympiade%2C_Marathon%2C_C ierpinski%2C_Chun_Son_Kon%2C.jpg/425px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-W0801-0120%2C_Moskau%2C_XXII._Olympiade%2C_Marathon%2C_C ierpinski%2C_Chun_Son_Kon%2C.jpg
The Olympics went on, despite the missing
Americans. NBC lost a fortune with nothing to
cover, a generation of athletes was lost, the
US proved nothing and the boycott only served
to embarrass the United States.

...in 1981, the Iranian Hostage Crisis came to an end, with the hostages being released within five minutes of the inauguration of Ronald Reagan. The timing of the release brought charges from some that President-Elect Reagan had sent a secret team of negotiators to Teheran to secure the release of the hostages on Reagan's watch and not President Jimmy Carter's. No proof of the allegations has ever been found, and it is more likely that the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini feared the new President as a cowboy and an unknown commodity. For more about how the crisis began, see the Morning Update, January 16, 2009 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-january-16-2009-a-48433/).

...in 1981, Ronald Reagan became the 40th President of the United States. The Illinois native moved to California in the 1930's. (Reagan's boyhood home, in Dixon, Illinois, has been restored and is open for tours.) He always considered himself a western spirit. Reagan had some success as an actor, including the part of George Gipp in Knute Rockne, All American where he uttered the immortal line, "Win one for the Gipper." (The line was voted #89 in the AFI's list of Top 100 movie quotes.) He usually played good guys, in both movies and in the new medium of television in the 1950's. Reagan started out as a New Deal Democrat but by the 1950's, he had become disillusioned and became a staunch conservative. He was elected president of the Screen Actors Guild for 1947-1952 and again in 1959-60. From there, he was elected Governor of California for two terms from 1967-75 where he developed a national awareness that helped him to the Presidency in 1980. To the annoyance of his opponents, he lowered taxes and turned a weak economy into a roaring economy. After a long bout with Alzheimer's, Ronald Reagan passed away on June 5, 2004.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981.jpg/250px-Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981.jpg
Ronald Reagan (1911-2004)
40th President of the United States

...in 1989, George H.W. Bush was inaugurated as President. Ronald Reagan became the first President since 1840 to be elected in a year ending in zero and survive his term. Presidents William Henry Harrison (1840) Abraham Lincoln (1860) James Garfield (1880) William McKinley (1900) Warren G. Harding (1920) Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1940) and John F Kennedy (1960) did not live out their terms. Harrison died of pneumonia, Harding died of a heart attack and FDR died of a cerebral hemorrhage. The other four died at the hand of an assassin.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/George_H._W._Bush%2C_President_of_the_United_State s%2C_1989_official_portrait.jpg/255px-George_H._W._Bush%2C_President_of_the_United_State s%2C_1989_official_portrait.jpg
George Herbert Walker Bush (1924- )
41st President of the United States

...in 2009, George W. Bush became the second President (Ronald Reagan was the first) elected in a zero year, since 1840, to leave the office of President alive. Barack Hussein Obama became the first African-American President.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Official_portrait_of_Barack_Obama.jpg/250px-Official_portrait_of_Barack_Obama.jpg
Barack Hussein Obama (1961 - )
44th President of the United States

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 27 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1977, in his first day in office, President Jimmy Carter fulfilled one campaign promise when he granted an unconditional pardon to American draft-dodgers who moved abroad to avoid being called to duty. It is believed that 100,000 Americans went overseas, 90% of them went to Canada. Even after the pardon, many remained there, estimated to be 50,000, pushing Canada's government decidedly to the left. The pardon was controversial at the time, coming under fire from veteran's groups for happening at all, and from amnesty groups claiming it didn't go far enough. Carter's pardon remains controversial today, and the term "draft-dodger" is still used derisively but doesn't carry the weight it did forty years ago.

...in 1789, the first novel to be published in the United States, written by an American, was printed in Boston on this date. The first edition of The Power of Sympathy or the Triumph of Nature Founded in Truth did not carry the author's name. Later printings credited the novel to Sarah Wentworth Apthorp Morton. Sounds like a non de plume, doesn't it? Historic scholars think so, too, and believe the work was that of William Hill Brown. The novel chronicled the incestuous seduction and suicide of a member of Morton's family.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/The_Power_of_Sympathy.jpg/180px-The_Power_of_Sympathy.jpg
The first printing of Triumph of Nature did
not carry an author's name.

...in 1959, Carl Dean Switzer died of complications from a gunshot wound, received during a brawl. The death was ruled a justifiable homicide. Switzer was better known as "Alfalfa," from the old Hal Roach Our Gang shorts. His career in films did not progress well after the series ended because he was forever typecast as the off-key singer with the strange cowlick. He made a cameo in the Crosby-Kaye feature White Christmas as the brother of the Haynes sisters (Rosemary Clooney and Vera Ellen) but he appeared only as a photograph. He also had a reputation of being difficult to work with and had a record of pulling cruel practical jokes on the set.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Ogfolliesof38.jpg/200px-Ogfolliesof38.jpg
The Our Gang 1938 short,
Follies of 1938 with
Spanky McFarland, Darla Hood and
Alfalfa Switzer. He had an uncredited
part in It's A Wonderful Life as the
miscreant who opened the dance floor,
dumping James Stuart and Donna Reed
into the swimming pool.

...in 1863, Adam Opel opened a factory in Rüsselheim, Germany to make household products, most notably sewing machines and bicycles. Adam died in 1895, but his five sons continued the business. In 1898, they acquired the rights to build an automobile and in 1902 they build Opel bodies on a French chassis, but by 1906, they were building their own designs. The Opel family was one of the first in Europe to adopt the moving assembly line and by 1913, was the largest car maker in Germany. In 1929, General Motors bought 80% of the operation and the other 20% in 1931.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Opel_GT%2C_Bj._1973_am_16.07.2006.jpg/250px-Opel_GT%2C_Bj._1973_am_16.07.2006.jpg
The most famous Opel of all, the Opel GT.

...in 1954, General Motors unveils the turbine powered, Firebird XP-21 concept car. Using the novelty of the jet age, the car has wings, a tail stabilizer and even the name came from the series of Air Force experimental craft. The fighter-like car was never intended for production but only for the test track. Chrysler Corporation would also experiment with turbine powered automobiles, and even had a prototype built that could easily be put into production. They never made production, though, turbines do not lend themselves to land-based vehicles because they don't like changes in RPMs, a necessary trait for cars. Incidentally, the first test driver got it up to about 100 mph and stopped because he was afraid of losing control. It was also driven at Indianapolis but it never reached its potential.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/54-Firebird-I_DV-08_PBC_01-2-1.jpg
Firebird XP-21

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 67 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1968, Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In went on the air as the replacement for NBC's fading The Man From U.N.C.L.E. The irreverent, rapid-fire satirical program was an instant hit and ran for five years at a time when America needed the laughs. The fast paced blend of skits, jokes, inserted one-liners and sight gags launched careers for about 40 wacky comics like Goldie Hawn, Lily Tomlin, Eileen Brennan, Artie Johnson, Ruth Buzzi, Gary Owens, Jo Anne Worley, Alan Sues, Dave Madden, Pigmeat Markham and many more.

Everybody who was anybody in Hollywood wanted to do a guest shot, and regular performers included Johnny Carson, Flip Wilson, Peter Lawford, Tiny Tim, Zsa Zsa Gabor and even John Wayne. Arte Johnson created many memorable characters, including Wolfgang, a German soldier (still fighting WWII) observing the show from behind a potted palm, and Tyrone F. Horneigh (pronounced "hor-NEIGH" in deference to the censors) who was always chasing Ruth Buzzi's Gladys Ormphby. Tyrone would sit next to Ormphby on a park bench and make advances and Gladys would respond by hitting him with a purse. "You want to call me handsome?" [WHACK!] "You want to call me charming?" [WHACK!] "You want to call me an ambulance?" [Falls off park bench] or an exchange like, "Do you believe in the hereafter?" "Of course I do!" "Good! You know what I'm here after!" [WHACK!]

The show added many a catchphrase to the lexicon, like "the flying fickle finger of fate," and many of the phrases are still with us today. Arte Johnson's Nazi character, Wolfgang, spying on Americans from a potted plant would say, "Verrrrrrry EEEEeeeen-ter-es-ting!" with emphasis on the rolling R sound. "I didn't know that!" which was Martin's oft reply to Rowan, along with, "Easy for you to say!" or "Ohhh, I'll drink to that!" Other catchphrases injected into the script here and there were "Look that up in your Funk & Wagnall's" "Sock it to me," "Go to your room," "Beautiful, downtown Burbank," "One ringy-dingy, two ringy-dingies...is this the person to who I am speaking?" "Now, that's a no-no," "Blow in my ear and I'll follow you anywhere," "You bet your sweet bippy," and "Here come de' judge!" stolen from comic Pigmeat Markham but popularized by Sammy Davis, Jr. ("Here come de' judge" was also the inspiration for a Pontiac GTO muscle car called "The Judge" with special graphics and paint work.)

There were several recurring gags, including the Farkle Family and another was "If [so-and-so] married [so-and-so] then divorced him and married [so-and-so] she'd be..." some long, drawn out, gag. Like, "If Rosemary Clooney married Regis Toomey, divorced him and married Mickey Rooney, divorced him and married Paul Muni, divorced him and re-married Regis Toomey, she'd be Rosemary Clooney Toomey Rooney Muni Toomey!" Another ongoing gag were films of cast members, in yellow slickers, riding a far-too small tricycle and falling over. It was accompanied by a six-note phrase that went "Do-doo-do-doo-do-doot - WHACK!" as the trike fell over. The same notes were used to cover up off-color punchlines or as a set-up to a particularly bad pun. (Spike Jones used the GGGDEC phrase in his show, years before.)

Laugh-In always wrapped up with the credits running over the joke wall (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZ8Vrvy0VeE), where the company would open doors and stick their heads out to drop a one liner, issue a comeback or get a bucket of water thrown on them. The last slide was accompanied by one person (producer George Schlatter) clapping.

Laugh-In has been often imitated but the magic was never equaled.

Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In Montage (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8WIWq3qikXo).
Ringo Star presents Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfBBU8WSYvU&feature=related).
Ernestine ("One ringy-dingy...") gossips with Cher (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uINRNwq_TXQ&feature=related
)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/MV5BMTQ2MjM3MDc2MF5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTc.jpg

...in 1950, The trial of Preston Tucker came to an end with Tucker being exonerated of all 31 charges of fraud that had been leveled against him. Tucker was a successful manufacturer who designed an extraodinary automobile after the war. It featured a rear-mounted aluminum engine, a third headlight that rotated to follow the front wheels, padded dash, and more safety features that Detroit's "Big 3" automakers ignored. He acquired a war surplus building in Chicago for his factory, at the time, the largest area under one roof in the world. The factory built 37 cars before it was shut down because of 31 federal charges of mail and stock fraud leveled against him. While he was fighting the charges, the factory closed. In the mean time, his supporters used parts to build more cars, four were wrecked and 47 are known to exist. Some speculate that Tucker was brought down by the Big 3, but that is an urban myth. The 1948 Tucker uses parts from Ford, General Motors and Kaiser and the theory is that the Big 3 wanted him to survive, banking on the company eventually failing so they could buy the remains at pennies on the dollar and get the big factory building. No one knows for sure.

Personal note: A few years ago, I met the man who was Tucker's accountant. He asked if I saw the Jeff Bridges film, Tucker to which I said, "Yes." He shrugged and said, "Some of it was true." We talked about the cars that were built by the factory and others that were assembled from parts after the factory closed. We also discussed a controversial 52nd car, a 1949 factory prototype.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Trucker_Car.jpg/300px-Trucker_Car.jpg
A 1948 Tucker Torpedo at the Blackhawk Auto Museum

...in 1973, the Supreme Court handed down a decision in the case titled Roe v. Wade that made abortion a legal procedure in the United States. While the issue of abortion being legal or illegal was hotly contested for decades, but since the Roe v. Wade decision, it has become a polarizing issue. It is often incorrectly boiled down to be a Republican vs. Democrat issue when, in fact, it is a deeply personal issue. The fight over criminalization of the procedure has become very fierce with nastiness on both sides of the issue. (Note: This post only commemorates the court decision. This is NOT the correct forum for debate of this issue so please, do not post your opinions here.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 70 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1957, injection mold machines at the Wham-O company began to produce one of the all-time most popular toys - an aerodynamic plastic hub cap, called the Frisbee. The original flying disk came from Bridgeport, Connecticut where the William Frisbie Pie Company was popular with university students who would toss the empty pie tins and yell, "FRISBIE!" when doing so. Walter Frederick Morrison was an inventor and son of an inventor (his father invented the sealed-beam headlight.) Morrison patented a plastic flying dish, modeled after the Frisbie Pie plate. He called it the Pluto Platter in an attempt to cash in on America's UFO craze. Morrison sold it to Rich Knerr and Spud Melin, who had founded the Wham-O Company in 1948 to sell a sling-shot used to launch meat to predator birds. (The name came from their description of the sound made by game birds when they hit the flying meat chunks.) Wham-O was also the company behind the Hula-Hoop, Superball, Slip-n-Slide and many other favorites you might have had as a kid.

http://z.about.com/d/inventors/1/0/P/5/frisbee1.jpg
The inspiration for the Frisbee
was a pie tin. Frisbie's name was
misspelled by Wham-O.

...in 1968, the USN intelligence vessel, the USS Pueblo was fired upon and captured by North Korean forces. The Pueblo was outside the 16 mile limit in international waters, but the North Koreans claimed the ship was in their territorial waters. The 83 man crew was blindfolded, bound and frog-marched to Pyongyang where they were indicted for spying. There was the usual beatings and coercions, the North Koreans even broadcast a video back to the United States with members of the Pueblo's crew stating confessions, while inserting sarcasm and gesturing with their middle fingers, which the North Koreans didn't understand. (When they did figure it out, the beatings began in earnest.) Eventually, the American and North Korean governments settled their differences and the crew members were released, eactly 11 months later. In April of 1969, a North Korean MiG shot down a navy intelligence plane, killing all 31 crew members.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2).jpg/300px-USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2).jpg
The USS Pueblo in 1967. The ship is extant, it is
still held by North Korea that uses it as a floating museum.
The Pueblo is still officially a commissioned navy vessel.

...in 1912, the Aermore Manufacturing Company in Chicago received a patent for the Aermore Exhaust Horn. It was a four note whistle that played a well tuned chord, and it was very, very loud. The way it works: a valve is mounted between the exhaust manifold and the exhaust pipe. The valve has a butterfly that allows exhaust to flow normally until it's closed. Exhaust is deflected through the whistle, sounding the horn, much the way a diesel horn or steamboat whistle works.

http://users.erols.com/b-dwheeler/aermore2.jpg
The Aermore Exhaust Horn

...in 1849, Geneva College in New York graduated a doctor named Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman to be recognized as a physician in the United States. She was born in England but came to the US as a girl. With her sister, Emily (also a physician) she opened the New York Infirmary for Women and Children. She returned to England where she became a professor of gynecology, a discipline she helped establish.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Elizabeth_Blackwell.jpg/225px-Elizabeth_Blackwell.jpg
Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell
(1821-1910)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 36 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1860, Etienne Lenoir converted a steam engine to run on coal gas with an electric spark, the first internal combustion engine. Most of his engines were used in stationary applications, such as pumps, but in 1862, he built a crude, self-powered vehicle, the first automobile.

...in 1924, Henry Ford was looking for a suitable location to harvest wood for car bodies. His cousin was married to a man named Edward G. Kingsford who lived in Michigan, close to Iron Mountain and the Wisconsin state line. He arranged for Henry to purchase upwards of 400,000 acres of forest land in the UP. Ford founded the village Kingsford, then Ford Motor Company built a sawmill and a parts facility near the sleepy town. Henry planned the community and built homes for the mill hands and their families. A chemical plant was also built, as Henry Ford every last cent out of resource, as sawdust and other byproducts were used to create even more products. The most famous product was Ford Charcoal Briquettes. In 1951, with the end of wood being used in car bodies, Ford closed the sawmill and sold the chemical plant to local investors. They continued to sell charcoal but under the name of Kingsford, a household name during barbeque season. (The plant was closed in 1961 and was relocated to Louisville, Kentucky.) The local high school team name is the Flivvers in honor of the Model T Ford. Local landmarks also bear the Ford name, including the airport, a dam, a park and the hospital.

http://www.kingsford.org/khsweb/images/header.gifhttp://www.kingsford.org/khsweb/images/Flivver-animation.gif

http://fordcenter.mtu.edu/museum/picture1%5B1%5D.jpg
The Henry Ford planned community
including a sawmill, powerhouse and homes
built for the mill hands. Today it is part of
Michigan Tech University.

...in 1848, James Marshall discovered gold near the bank of Sutter's Creek in northern California. The find would forever alter the history of California and the United States. John Augustus Sutter had come to Mexican California in 1839 to build a utopian community. He induced indigents to do most of his work, treating them as little more than slaves. He hired Marshall to build a sawmill. Marshall redirected the creek to power the mill, and flashes in the sunlight led him to investigate. He showed the gold to Sutter, who in turn, had an assayer confirm that it was, indeed, gold. Sutter tried to gather up all he could and wished to keep his find quiet, but within weeks, the gold rush was on. Prospectors overran Sutter's land, killed his livestock for food and trampled his crops. He died nearly broke, despite being the man who inadvertently started the gold rush that would forever bear his name.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Sutters_Mill.jpg
Sutter's Mill in 1850. That's James Marshall in the foreground, the guy who started it all.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 48 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1776, the Continental Congress authorized the first national memorial, for Brigadier General Richard Montgomery. Montgomery, along with Benedict Arnold, led an assault on Quebec on December 31, 1775 where Montgomery was killed in action, the first American general to die in battle. The monument was commissioned to Benjamin Franklin, who hired French sculptor, Jean Jaques Caffieri to design the monument. Caffieri was the personal sculptor to King Louis XV. The monument arrived in 1778, and stayed in North Carolina until it was placed in the portico of St. Paul's Chapel in New York. Montgomery's body was disinterred from Quebec and moved to the St. Paul's in 1818.

http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1331/544976785_7f7af8678c.jpg?v=]

...in 1926, Central Casting Corporation opened in Hollywood, providing extras for films. In 1929, there were over 17,000 extras listed with the service. The corporation was a joint venture between the studios and remained so, until it was acquired by private owners in 1976. So now you know who the exec was talking about when he said, "Call Central Casting."

...in 1924, the first Winter Olympics opened in the French Alps at Chamonix. There were 14 events, including a ski jump, bobsled, downhill, curling, figure skating, hockey, speed skating and cross country skiing. Eleven year old Sonja Henie participated in figure skating, placing dead last, but was very popular with the crowd. The modern Olympics began in 1896 and there were winter games held in Sweden, but only the Scandinavians participated. The International Olympic Committee proposed Winter Games in 1911, but Sweden did not want to risk messing up their Nordic games. Between that time and World War I, the Winter Olympics were put on hold until 1925 when the games were created. Retroactively, the IOC made Chamonix the first Winter Olympiad.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d0/1924w.jpg

...in 1960, the Payola scandal broke when the National Association of Broadcasters proposed that disc jockies, who accepted bribes from record labels to give certain records more airtime, would be fined and also sent to prison for one year. Disc jockey Alan Freed (he coined the term "rock 'n' roll") was arrested with seven others on suspicion of commercial bribery. Freed worked out a deal with prosecutors and only paid a fine. When television took over shows that had formerly been on radio, the vacuum was quickly filled by stations playing records. It didn't take long for Top 40 became the favorite format. Many DJ's thought that cash from labels the same as a tip for a head waiter to get a table. ASCAP and NAB thought otherwise, especially when it became evident that some DJ's wouldn't play a record at all without a bribe. Congress amended the Communications Act of 1934 to outlaw the practice of Payola.

...in 1995, the Russian early-warning radar system detected a missile launch near Norway. Russian military command determined that the missile could be only minutes away from Moscow. Immediately, Boris Yeltsin, the Minister of Defense and the chief of staff were informed and the nuclear command switched to combat mode. The nuclear systems were activated for the first time in Russian history. Five minutes after the launch was detected, it was determined that an impact solution was outside the Russian borders. After three more minutes, it was determined that the missile was not part of a surprise Western submarine attack. This conclusion was reached just minutes before a decision would have been made that would have launched a full retaliatory strike. It turns out that Norway launched a missile carrying scientific instrumentation. Norway had notified 35 countries, including Russia, the exact details of the launch. Russia's defense ministry had received the notification but neglected to pass the information along - and the world came just that close to total nuclear annihilation of the world.

...in 1890, Nellie Bly, a journalist from the New York World, arrived after circumnavigating the globe, following the route of Phileas Fogg in Jules Vernes' Around The World in 80 Days. She beat Fogg's time by eight days and set a new world record by completing the 24,899 mile journey in seventy-two days, six hours, eleven minutes and fourteen seconds. (Her time would be beaten just a few moths later.) In 1894, she married a millionaire industrialist named Robert Seaman, 42 years her senior. She retired from journalism and became president of Iron Clad Manufacturing, making steel containers like milk cans and boilers. In 1904, she invented and patented a 55 gallon steel drum, still in wide use in the United States. Her company went bankrupt, however, and she went back into reporting to cover World War I and women's suffrage. Nellie Bly died in 1922 at the age of 57. Even with all her accomplishments, she is most widely remembered for beating Phileas Fogg as his own game.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Nelliebly.jpg/200px-Nelliebly.jpg
Nellie Bly, wearing her traveling
clothes, during her 1889-1890 trip.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

11There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 66 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1934, Samuel Goldwyn of MGM purchased the film rights to the great American fairytale, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz from the estate of L. Frank Baum. The book was published in 1900, L. Fran Baum died in 1919 and another author had continued the series. Goldwyn had envisioned Shirley Temple in the part of Dorothy, and even though Judy Garland won the part on the strength of her singing voice, original scenes were shot of Garland in a blonde wig. Thankfully, a different director took over and restored Dorothy to Garland's natural beauty. The movie ran into lots of problems, not the least of which was Buddy Ebsen being replaced in his role as The Tin Man because of his reaction to the aluminum makeup required by the part. The aluminum powder got into his lungs and almost killed him. The movie varies from Baum's original story (the silver shoes were changed to ruby because of Technicolor and Dorothy is a much stronger character in the book) but even after dropping several subplots, the movie mostly follows the story line. The film premiered in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin on August 12, 1939, it is ranked #6 on the AFI Top 100 Films list and the Wicked Witch of the West is #4 on the list of AFI's Top 100 Villains. Baum's story, and the movie, inspired Gregory McGuire's popular novel Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West which was made into the immensely popular Broadway musical, Wicked (http://www.wickedthemusical.com/).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e0/MargaretHamiltoninTheWizardOfOz.jpg
Margaret Hamilton, who loved children, spent
the rest of her life trying to explain that she only
played a character in a movie and was not really
the wicked person who scared them.

...in 1920, Henry Leyland incorporated the Lincoln Motor Car Company. Just two years later, the foundering company would be acquired by Ford Motor Company in a twist of irony. In 1903, Henry Leyland fired Henry Ford from the failing Henry Ford Company and changed the brand to Cadillac. In 1922, Henry Ford returned the favor, firing Henry Leyland from Lincoln. Under Edsel Ford's guidance, the Fords turned Lincoln into one of the premier luxury automobile builders in the world.

http://i210.photobucket.com/albums/bb315/chefann1138/Cars/66conv2.jpg
Lincolns remain gorgeous automobiles. You might recognize this lovely
1966 Lincoln as one of The Cars of Chef Success (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/cars-chef-success-30262/).

...in 1788, Captain Arthur Phillip landed his fleet of 11 ships in what would someday become Sydney Harbor, founding the colony of New South Wales. Eventually, the land that started as a penal colony would be named Australia. Phillip's fleet had about 1000 men aboard, 700 of whom were convicts. England had more prisoners than prisons, so these convicts were repatriated to New South Wales. It took until about the turn of the 19th Century to make the colony prosperous, and in 1808. the colonists began to celebrate First Landing Day. Today, "Australia Day" is a day of celebration for the founding of the colony while it is a day of mourning, called "Invasion Day" by the Aborigines who lost their native land to the colonists.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Lotto_Skyworks_Applecross.jpg/180px-Lotto_Skyworks_Applecross.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Australiadayprotest.jpg/180px-Australiadayprotest.jpg
Australians call it Australia Day, Aborigines call it Invasion Day

...in 1961, President John F. Kennedy appointed Dr. Janet Travell as his personal physician. She was the first woman to hold the post. Dr. Travell had been treating Kennedy for a long time, helping him to manage the severe pain that he was always in, and to help him mask it so that on one knew. One of her recommendations was for him to use a rocking chair. When photos were released of the President rocking in the Oval Office, sale of rocking chairs skyrocketed.

http://www.gwu.edu/gelman/archives/exhibits/travell/online/portrait.jpg
"Life is like a bicycle -
you don't fall off until
you stop pedaling...It
is better to wear out
than to rust out, so
keep pedaling."
--Dr. Janet Travell

And when it comes to powerful women in politics...

...in 2005, President George W. Bush appointed Dr. Condoleezza Rice to be Secretary of State, the highest ranking African-American woman ever in a Presidential cabinet. She took over from Colin Powell, the first African-American to serve as the Secretary of State. In addition to being an accomplished concert pianist, Dr. Rice is an expert in Soviet affairs and worked in the Reagan and Bush 41 administrations in state affairs. She was also a professor at Standford University and is currently affiliated with the William Morris Agency.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Condoleezza_Rice_cropped.jpg/225px-Condoleezza_Rice_cropped.jpg
Dr. Condoleezza Rice

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 55 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

January 27 is International Holocaust Remembrance Day, as designated by the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 60/7 on 1st November 2005.

On this date in History...

...in 1945, Soviet troops reached and liberated the most notorious of the Nazi concentration camps, Auschwitz-Birkenau. The largest of the Nazi camps, it was comprised of three separate operations, one designed for the systematic murder of Nazi "undesirables." Rudolph Hess testified at the Nuremberg Trials that up to 3 million people died at Auschwitz, although the figures are difficult to verify as the Nazis destroyed many records as the Red Army approached. It is believed that 90% of the victims of the systemic murder were Jews. Most victims died in gas chambers from Zyklon B gas, but others died from forced starvation, forced labor, disease, executions and "medical" experimentation. Today the complex has been made into a museum and a memorial to those who died, to keep the memory alive, and to ensure this will never happen again.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Birkenau_gate.JPG/300px-Birkenau_gate.JPG
The Main Gate of Auschwitz, ca. 2006

...in 1943, an actor was assigned to the Army's First Motion Picture Unit. After his assignment with the Army Air Corps, he would go on to some fame in movies and television, then later to some political success. His name? First Lieutenant Ronald Reagan. He was the narrator of a film called Air Force that would win an Oscar for best short subject. Reagan would narrate or star in three more movies for the Army, and he also starred as Johnny Jones in This is the Army that also featured Irving Berlin singing his own song, Oh, How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71smG5d29to).

...in 1967, a fire in command module CM-012, later known as Apollo I, killed astronauts Virgil "Gus" Grissom, Edward H. White II, and Roger B. Chafee. The astronauts were simulating the launch of AS-204 (Apollo-Saturn) in the capsule atop of a Saturn 1B rocket on Launch Complex 34, Cape Canaveral, which was then known as Cape Kennedy. The three astronauts were the first to perish in an American space vehicle. While failure analysis has never really found a cause of the fire, it is believed that a faulty wire ignited the pure oxygen atmosphere inside the capsule. Proect Apollo was the third step in achieving President John Kennedy's goal of successfully landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to earth by the end of the 1960s. Project Mercury was the first step, used to achieve solo manned space flight and orbiting skill. Project Gemini, with two crewmen in each capsule, was the next step in order to practice docking in orbit. Project Apollo put three men into a capsule to ultimately fly to the moon, land, and return to earth. While the tragedy of Apollo I set the space program back, it demonstrated the need to redesign the Apollo Command Module to increase safety and to modify procedures. On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first man to set foot on the moon.

Memorials: Three schools in Huntsville, Alabama are named for the three astronauts, Virgil I. Grissom High School, Ed White Middle School, and Roger B. Chaffee Elementary. Launch Complex 34 was later used for Apollo 7, but then dismantled and has never been used again. The concrete launch platform exists with a memorial that reads, "In memory of those who made the ultimate sacrifice so others could reach for the stars; Ad astra per aspera (a rough road leads to the stars); God speed to the crew of Apollo 1". The site is a stop on a special tour for those who wish to visit the older launch sites on the cape. Grissom Joint Air Reserve Base is located near Peru, Indiana.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Apollo1-Crew_01.jpg/200px-Apollo1-Crew_01.jpg
Grissom, White and Chaffee

...in 1943, the 8th Army Air Force penetrated German air space for the first time in WWII to make a daring daylight bombing raid on German U-Boat construction yards in Wilhelmshafen. Regular bombing missions began on August 17, 1942 by American planes based in Great Britain, the first against the rail yards in Touen-Sotteville. Most runs were against German operations in the Netherlands, Belgium and France, including air bases and submarine pens along the coast of France. The AAF was short of aircraft and short of trained crews. By the end of 1942, that was changing. General "Hap" Arnold also asked for reconfiguration of the B-17 Flying Fortress to include more machine guns in the front of the aircraft to battle the Luftwaffe interceptors. With more firepower, General Arnold also devised a different formation that allowed better defense against the German fighters. On January 27, 1943, ninety one B-17s and B-24s flew into Germany. Due to weather conditions, only 53 bombers actually dropped bombs on the target, but the mission demonstrated that the AAF was determined to attack Germany directly and to strike vital manufacturing operations.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/57/B-17-231503-bassingborne.jpg/180px-B-17-231503-bassingborne.jpg
The B-17 Flying Fortress
had a well-deserved reputation
for staying in the air even
after taking heavy damage.

...in 1976, a spin-off of the popular Happy Days franchise premiered. Laverne and Shirley featured two women who worked in the Schotz Brewery in Milwaukee, a thinly veiled reference to the Schlitz brewery. The show starred the producer's sister, Penny Marshall, along with Cindy Williams. The show jumped the shark when the location was moved to California, shortly afterward, Williams left the cast. The show was immensely popular and while it remains popular in reruns, many Milwaukee residents aren't so fond of the way the sitcom portrayed the city. There are no brownstones in Milwaukee and one of the primary characters speaks with a clearly east coast accent, along with some rather demeaning stereotypes of beer, breweries and bowling. (Historical trivia: Gerhard Schott opened a brewery in 1855 in Highland, Illinois, the Schott Brewing Company. It closed in 1949.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had XXX candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1986, the Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrated 73 seconds after launch, right after a scheduled power-up. All seven members of the crew perished. The failure, at launch, of an o-ring seal in the starboard solid rocket booster caused a breach that allowed a plume of hot gas to escape, impacting the booter's mounting hardware, which caused a structural failure in an external fuel tank. The tank's failure caused dumping of the entire load of liquid hydrogen fuel which was immediately ignited by the many flames that were present. The massive explosion broke up the orbiter. It is possible that the crew actually survived the explosion but perished on the impact with the surface of the Atlantic Ocean. No one knows for sure. All but a few pieces of the orbiter were recovered from the ocean floor and the remains of the seven astronauts are interred at Arlington National Cemetery with an appropriate monument. The disaster put the shuttle program on hold for nearly 3 years while the cause of the explosion was determined and corrected.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg/220px-Challenger_ 51 ght_51-l_crew.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Challenger_explosion.jpg/220px-Challenger_explosion.jpg
Left, the crew of Challenger Right, the plume after the explosion.
Front: Michael J. Smith,
Dick Scobee, Ronald McNair;
Back: Ellison Onizuka,
Christa McAuliffe, Gregory Jarvis, Judith Resnik

President Ronald Reagan postponed the State of the Union Address and made a presentation about the disaster from the Oval Office, written by Peggy Noonan. The address ended with quotes taken from the poem High Flight by John Gillespie Magee, Jr. "We will never forget them, nor the last time we saw them, this morning, as they prepared for their journey and waved goodbye and 'slipped the surly bonds of Earth' to 'touch the face of God.'" The next school built in Huntsville, Alabama, a city with deep ties to NASA, was named Challenger Middle School.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Reagan_Challenger.jpg/140px-Reagan_Challenger.jpg
President Ronald Reagan addresses a
nation in mourning after the disaster.

...in 1938, Rudolph Caracciola set a world land-speed record (although it wasn't recognized by many sanctioning bodies) of 268.496 MPH on the German Autobahn. It remains the highest speed ever recorded on a public highway. No, don't even think of trying to beat it on I-70 in Kansas because later on this same day, Bernd Rosemeyer died in a crash on the Autobahn trying to break Caracciola's record.

...in 1964, the Soviet Union shot down an American jet that accidentally strayed into East German airspace. Three American officers were killed in the incident. The Soviets claimed they had acted properly and that the overflight was a gross provocation. According to the US military, the flight was a training mission and the three officers became disoriented by a violent storm and they simply lost their way. The incident was a grim reminder of the game of brinkmanship being played by both countries. The US was still stinging over the Soviets shooting down a U-2 spy plane in 1960 over the Soviet Union. The wreckage was recovered and the pilot, Francis Gary Powers, was held prisoner after that event. East German authoities did allow the US to recover the wreckage and bodies from this incident, however.

...in 1959, the Green Bay Packers signed a New York Giant's assistant coach to a five year contract as head coach and general manager. Vince Lombardi would lead the team to six NFL Championship games, winning five of them. The Packers had gone 1-10-1 in 1958, leading one sportswriter to quip, "The Packers overwhelmed one opponent, underwhelmed ten, and whelmed one." Lombardi led the team to a 7-5 record in 1959 and a third place finish. In 1960, the team lost the championship game to the Philadelphia Eagles, 17-13 but in 1961, the Packers clobbered the Giants in the championship, 37-0 and repeated in 1962, again beating the Giants. Lombardi would lead the team to three consecutive NFL titles in 1965, 1966 and in 1967, winning the famous "Ice Bowl." Lombardi would lead the Packers to victories in the first two AFL-NFL Championship Games, later renamed Super Bowl I and Super Bowl II. See Morning Update, December 31, 2008 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-december-31-2008-a-47924/) for more about the Ice Bowl. Lombardi retired but couldn't stand it, and took the head coaching job with the Washington Redskins, where he again turned a loser around to a winning season. He died of colon cancer the following year with a record of 105-35-6 and no losing seasons. He was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1971 and the Super Bowl trophy was renamed in his honor. Lombardi changed the face of football forever in the 1960's and was the face of NFL football in those heady days. He also introduced the concept of zone blocking with the back expected to run to what ever hole was created, as he called it, "Run to daylight." He also introduced the Green Bay Power Sweep, a running play where the guards pulled out of position and ran interference down the field, ahead of the back. A native New Yorker, there is a Lombardi Square in Brooklyn along with a Vince Lombardi Boulevard, a Lombardi Service Area on the New Jersey Turnpike and, of course, Lambeau Field in Green Bay is on Lombardi Avenue.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Sports/photo10.jpg
Coach Lombardi being carried out on the shoulders
of a grateful team after the 1962 NFL Championship
victory in New York. Coach is sitting on the shoulder of
Forrest Gregg and that's Jerry Kramer Coach is smiling at.
Kramer would go on to make the block that allowed
Bart Starr to sneak into the endzone and win Lombardi's
fifth NFL Championship in the 1967 "Ice Bowl."


That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 72 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1936, the Baseball Hall of Fame came into existence as it announced the charter members of the Hall, Ty Cobb, Babe Ruth, Honus Wagner, Christy Mathewson and Walter Johnson. The idea for the HOF and museum was hatched in Cooperstown by members of the Clark Foundation, looking for a way to revitalize Cooperstown in the midst of the Great Depression. (The Clark family dominates the Cooperstown area, the source of their funding was owning half of the Singer Sewing Machine Co. generations ago.) Since the game of baseball purportedly originated in Cooperstown, what better place for a HOF, and as for a baseball museum, what better place than the "Village of Museums?" (Besides baseball, Cooperstown is home the Fenimore Art Museum, the Farmers' Museum, Glimmerglass Opera and the New York State Historical Association. There were three other musuem there that have closed.) Cobb was a productive hitter who had nine consecutive AL batting titles from 1907 to 1915. Ruth was an overpowering pitcher who also hit a few home runs. Wagner was great shortstop with eight NL batting titles and he was the first player to have 3,000 career hits. Mathewson pitched more winning games than any other NL pitcher and Johnson was a powerful pitcher who held the strikeout record at the time of his induction. All but Mathewson, who died in 1925, were at the induction ceremony, held June 12, 1939, along with 21 others who were elected to the HOF in 1937, '38 and '39.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Plaque_first.jpg/250px-Plaque_first.jpg
The First Class of Inductees

...in 1891, following the death of King Kalakaua, Liliuokalani became Queen Liliuokalani, the last Hawaiian monarch. Hawaii was settled by Polyniesian explorers in probably the eigth century but after discovery of Hawaii's plantation potenital in the 19th Century, it was pretty much overrun with American business interests. A revolution (of sorts) took place in 1887, under pressure from those interests, King Kalakaua had signed a new constitution. It stripped him of much of his power, it stripped voting rights from all Asians and disenfranchised poor Native Hawaiians and other citizens by imposing income and wealth requirements for voting. putting power in the hands of the wealthy Americans. Queen Liliuokalani threw it out and restored the old constitution, setting the Americans on a plot to take over. A "Comittee of Safety" was formed, organized by Sanford B. Dole, a Hawaiian born American and lawyer. (What a surprise.) His cousin James was that Dole, the Dole of pinapple fame. Sanford Dole deposed Queen Liliuokalani by staging a coup with the support of the US Minister John Stevens and a company of US Marines. The members of the coup declared Hawaii and republic with Dole as the first president. Stevens immediately recognized the new government as official (without approval from the mainland) and declared Hawaii a US Protectorate. When President McKinley declared Hawaii a territory, he appointed Dole (surprise surprise) its first governor. Hawaii became a state in 1959, and in 1993, President Bill Clinton signed an apology for overthrowing the monarchy of Hawaii, the first time the US ever apologized for overthrowing a sitting government.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Liliuokalani.jpg
Queen Liliuokalani

...in 1989, Malcom Bricklin, who had foisted the Bricklin sportscar on an unsuspecting public, then decided to bring a cheap car into the country and began to import the Yugo. The operation went broke on this day in 1989. The design of the Yugo was basically a Fiat (under license) and was assembled in Soviet Yugoslavia by Zastava. The car has been described as feeling like it was built at gunpoint. The rear window defroster was there to keep your hands warm when you pushed it. The end started when two guys were arrested in Chicago after a description of their Yugo after a push-by shooting. Actually, the end started with the Soviet Union falling apart. Zastava also built arms, and NATO bombed the Yugo plant when they wanted to bomb the arms plant. Oops. The Yugo continued to be built in post-Soviet Bosnia, in fact, the last Yugo was built on November 11, 2008. In many markets, the poor reliability didn't matter because it was so cheap to fix - sort-of a Soviet Model T. At least, that's what it was supposed to be, but America had enough of that 80 years earlier.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f7/Yugo-US-poster.jpg/300px-Yugo-US-poster.jpg

...in 1845, "Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary, Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore..." was published in the New York Evening Mirror. Edgar Allen Poe was born in Boston in 1809 and was orphaned at the age of 3. He went to live with family and bounced through many schools in England and New England. His first poems were published anonymously, because he was in the military at the time, in 1827. The Raven was published in 1845 and was typical of the macbre material that he wrote, probably influenced by his rather macrabre unbringing. In 1833, he won first prize in a competition in The Baltimore Sun. Still, it was The Raven that made him famous and it remains one of the most famous poems ever written.

http://www.findagrave.com/photos/2004/265/822_109585749800.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 66 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1933, President Paul von Hindenburg named Adolph Hitler as the Chancellor of Germany. Hitler pictured himself as Der Führer ("the Leader) of the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei ("National Socialist German Workers Party") commonly shortened to "Nazi." Hitler came from nowhere, his meteoric rise to prominence came largely on the frustration of the German populace saddled with rampant inflation, economic depression, the loss of the War to End All Wars and the overly harsh terms imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles. A captivating speaker, Hitler channeled discontent into support for his Nazi party. In the election of 1932, the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei won 230 seats in the Reichstag. Along with the second largest party, the Communists, the two parties were able to take control of the Reichstag. The election was a turning point for Germany, because the Nazi platform was to blame Germany's troubles on the failure of democracy and the failure of market-driven, Laissez-faire capitalism. In addition, the party claimed the purity of the German people was being compromised and certain members of society were not worthy of living, specifically Jews, homosexuals, mentally disabled, communists, Roma ("gypsies") Russians and Poles. (These people would become Nazi targets of the Holocaust.) The crown jewel in Hitler's plan was Lebensraum, the concept that German people needed "living space" to justify his territorial aggression. The concept was not new, Friedrich Ratzel suggested "lebensraum" in 1897, based on the French and English models of colonialism. After becoming chancellor in 1933, the wheels of Hitler's plan began to roll, ultimately leading to World War II.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Hitler_portrait_crop.jpg/225px-Hitler_portrait_crop.jpg
Alois Schiklgruber aka Adolph Hitler
Would YOU buy a used car from this man?

...in 1948, Kohandes Karamchand Gandhi, the leader of the independence movement in India, was assassinated by a Hindu fanatic in New Delhi. Gandhi's protests of non-violence were admired around the world, and he not only worked for Indian independence but also worked for peace between Hindu and Muslim people. He was shot and killed by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu who objected to Gandhi's tolerance of the Muslims. He was known as "Mahatma" ("The Great Soul") during his lifetime and his peaceful ways indluenced civil rights leaders around the world, including Martin Luther King, Jr.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Portrait_Gandhi.jpg/225px-Portrait_Gandhi.jpg
Kohandes Karamchand Gandhi, ca. 1935

...in 1969, the Beatles made their last public performance as a group, an impromptu concert on the roof of Apple Records. Neighbors complained about the noise, police were called, and the concert was shut down.

...in 1933, listeners of Detroit's WXYZ heard, when the appropriate place in the William Tell Overture came up, the yell of "HI-YO, SILVER! AWAAAAAAAAY!" followed by, "A fiery horse with the speed of light, a cloud of dust, and a hearty 'Hi-yo, Silver, away!' The Lone Ranger!" and The Lone Ranger began its run as one of the most popular westerns ever.

The brainchild of WXYZ owner, George Trendle and a writer, Fran Striker, the masked man became one of America's most beloved characters. The paragon of virtue always spoke with perfect grammar and never smoked, chewed, used profanity (or slang) drank alcohol or (one would assume) fraternized with any of his female protectorates. Most importantly, he never shot to kill, supposedly, bullets made of silver demonstrate that silver, like life, is too valuable to waste. Neither Trendle nor Striker had any connection with the old west, in fact, they had no clue what life on the plains was like in the 19th Century.

The Lone Ranger sallied forth each week on his trusty steed, Silver. He was later joined by his faithful Indian sidekick, Tonto, the most politically incorrect sidekick in radio, and later, television. Tonto didn't appear until the 12th episode and while he was portrayed as the Ranger's faithful friend, the truth is, he was a dramatic tool necessary so the Ranger had someone to talk to, providing listeners with insight to the story line. Tonto was usually played (on radio) by English actor John Todd and (on television) by Jay Silverheels. He spoke in an accent that didn't have much in common with any known tribe, complete with head-shaking idioms like "That right, Kemo Sabe," "You betchum," or "Him say man ride over ridge on horse." (That must have been one big horse to carry a ridge.) The best one was "Kemo Sabe" which doesn't translate into anything from any Native American language. George Trendle grew up in Michigan and there was a Camp Kemo Sabe in the lower peninsula, the most likely source of the phrase. Just the same, Tonto was a delightfully intelligent sidekick, and the duo seemed to be able to right any wrong in a half hour time slot. While Tonto is derided by many, especially Native Americans who see him as demeaning, the truth is that the Ranger treated Tonto as an equal and the show did dance around the issue of racism in several episodes, with Tonto always coming out above the fray. There were 2,956 episodes of the radio version, the last new episode aired on September 3, 1954. (Incidentally, The Green Hornet was a Lone Ranger spin-off, the story line is that Britt Reid, the Green Hornet, is the Ranger's nephew. The Green Hornet was also created by Fran Striker for WXYZ radio.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/ce/Moore-LoneRanger.jpg
Clayton Moore as The Lone Ranger,
one of ABC Television's most popular
shows, ever.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 58 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1945, Private Eddie Slovik was executed by firing squad. He was the first soldier to be shot for the crime since the Civil War and the only one during World War II. Eddie Slovik was born in 1920 in Detroit, Michigan. He had several run-ins with the law, at the age of 12 with some other boys, he broke into a foundry and stole some brass to sell to scrappers. He quit school at 15, went to jail in 1937 for petty larceny, was paroled in 1938 but in 1939, he was arrested for grand theft auto after getting drunk, stealing a car and wrecking it. His prison record classified him 4F in the draft, unfit for duty. When personnel needs came high, Slovik was reclassified 1A and was drafted, trained as a rifleman and shipped to Europe to be a replacement - a status not well respected by officers. In his first action, he took cover from an artillery attack and got separated from his outfit. He hooked up with a Canadian MP unit, and was reunited with Company G, 28 days later. The next day, he deserted. He came back the next day, but signed a statement that he would desert again, rather than face the perils of battle. His CO, lawyers and others urged him to recant and report for duty, but he refused. The court marshall found him guilty and sentenced him to death by firing squad. Appeals went all the way to General Eisenhower, who was embroiled in the Battle of the Bulge. 71 American POWs had just been murdered by the SS, and Eisenhower had no sympathy for someone afraid to fight, and did not commute the sentence. No one in the firing squad flinched, nor had any regrets. Slovik's wife, Antoinette, spent the rest of her life trying to receive a Presidential Pardon for her husband but none ever came. She died in 1979. He was executed near the village of Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines and buried at Fere-en-Tardenois with 96 other soldiers executed for murder and rape. The 97 headstones were only numbered, making it impossible to locate remains without a key to the code. Slovik's remains were exhumed and shipped to Detroit, where he was re-interred next to his wife, Antoinette.

http://s3.amazonaws.com/findagrave/photos/2001/222/slovikeddie.jpg
The Detroit grave of Eddie Slovik (http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=3134&pt=Eddie%20Slovik)

...in 1872, Pearl Zane Grey was born in Zanesville, Ohio. It must be tough enough to grow up in a town named for a direct ancestor, especially a Revolutionary War veteran. It must be even tougher to grow up with a name like "Pearl," at least, if you're the son of a dentist. After enough boyhood fights, he dropped the Pearl and went by the name that would carry him to fame, Zane Grey. Pearl was also the victim of beatings from his father. Zane loved to read and dreamed of being a writer and he especially loved Owen Wister's The Virginian. He was also influenced by a family friend who was more interested in fishing and living the good life, advising Grey to do the same. Grey wrote his first story at the age of 15 but his father found it, tore it up and beat him. Not long after, a financial setback forced the Grey's to move to Columbus, mostly out of embarrassment. Grey was also a talented ball player, catching the eye of a scout from the University of Pennsylvania, resulting in a full-ride scholarship. His brother, Romer, was also a ballplayer and went to the same school. They both graduated as dentists, Romer played pro baseball and Grey began to practice dentistry, which he hated, in New York. It was a competitive market but he was there not to be a dentist but to be close to publishers. Several of his early novels went unpublished, but in 1908, he met Colonel C. J. "Buffalo" Jones who convinced Grey to write his biography. The Last of the Plainsmen drew scant attention but Jones took him out west for research, where he became enthralled with the land and the people. He published Riders of the Purple Sage in 1912 and he wrote 78 more novels before he died in 1939. He sold 31 million copies of his books in the decades after his death. His novels today are hardly read as people find them pompous and maudlin but he single-handedly made the Western a favorite American genre.

http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41w%2BO%2B7dbjL.jpg

...in 1917, Germany announced that unrestricted warfare would resume in the Atlantic Ocean. German U-boats would attack any ship, of any nation, including passenger ships. In 1914, when the War to End All Wars broke out, the United States declared and maintained neutrality. Great Britain, however, was a close American ally and was under great strain. In March of 1915, a German cruiser sank the William P. Frye, a private American vessel carrying grain to England. President Woodrow Wilson was outraged. The Germans apologized. On May 7, the a German U-boat sank the Lusitania causing the deaths of 1,198 of 1,959 passengers, 128 of them Americans. In August, the Germans promised to look after passengers, but in November, a U-boat sank an Italian liner, killing 272 people, including 27 Americans. The tide of public opinion was turning against the Germans, and in January 1917, the Germans announced unrestricted warfare. The United States broke off diplomatic relations and hours later, a U-boat sank the Housatonic, luckily, all Americans were rescued by a British steamer. In February, British intelligence officers intercepted a communique that has become known as the Zimmerman Note. In it, Germany asked Mexico to enter the war as an ally and in return, Germany would restore Texas, New Mexico and Arizona to Mexico. The memo was published, galvanizing Americans against Germany. In March, the Germans sank four more American ships and on April 4, the Senate voted 82-6 to declare war, on April 5, the House voted 373 to 50, and America formally entered the war.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/U9Submarine.jpg
The 1914 German Unterseeboot U-9.

...in 1863, the 1st South Carolina Volunteers was mustered into the Union Army. The first unit of blacks in the army, the 1st South Carolina was comprised of escaped slaves from South Carolina and Florida. The commander was Thomas Wentworth Higginson and he, like all the other officers, was white. The idea was so radical that President Jefferson Davis of the Confederates announced that if any of the 1st South Carolina were captured, they would not be treated as prisoners of war. He said the soldiers would be auctioned off and the officers would be hanged. The threat was never carried out. While the unit was never a part of any major battles, it was a major step in the evolution of the army, and a major step forward toward the end of slavery. Higginson had a literary talent, he recorded the Gullah dialect of the escaped slaves/soldiers, as well as making a record of the spirituals that they sang. Without Higginson, and without the 1st South Carolina, that information might have been lost forever. The work was entitled Army Life in a Black Regiment that he wrote in 1869. It was published by Houghton, Mifflin and Company in 1900. (It's available online if you want to read it.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 55 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1929, Hollywood's first musical film, The Broadway Melody, premiered at Grauman's Chinese Theater. It was the first "talkie" to win the Oscar for Best Picture. The film included a Technicolor sequence, but it is lost and only black & white prints remain. The film featured music by Arthur Freed and Nacio Herb with the popular hit You Were Meant For Me. The film also was the film debut of George M. Cohan's classic Give My Regards to Broadway.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/08/BroadwayMelodyy1929.jpg/215px-BroadwayMelodyy1929.jpg

...in 1943, the Japanese army began to evacuate Guadalcanal Island, part of the Solomon Islands chain. In July 1942, the Japanese had landed on Guadalcanal and began to build an airfield that had strategic significance, putting them within easy reach of Allied forces. The Americans responded with Operation Watchtower, landing forces on the other Solomon Islands of Florida, Tulagi, Gavutu and Tananbogo, then on Guadalcanal itself. The Japanese were surprised by the landings, in fact, there was little resistance and the Americans quickly took the airfield. The Japanese reinforced their forces, though, and fierce hand-to-hand jungle combat began. One American general on the island said, "I have never heard or read of this kind of fighting. These people refuse to surrender." Once the navy reinforced the Marines on Guadalcanal, the tide quickly turned and the Japanese slinked off the island, in fact, the Americans didn't even know they were gone until they stumbled into abandoned positions and discarded supplies. The Japanese lost 25,000 men compared to losses of 1,600 Americans, while each side lost 24 warships.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/GuadHendersonJuly1942.gif
The Japanese began construction of this airfield in May, 1942. When it was taken by the Marines, the
strip was completed and it was renamed "Henderson Field" for Major Lofton Henderson, a Marine aviator
who died in the Battle of Midway. Today, it is known as Honiara International Airport. (Henderson Field
on Midway Island was closed in 2004.)

...in 1969, John DeLorean became the President of Chevrolet Motor Division of GM. He had made a meteoric rise through the Pontiac division, pioneering such hot products as the GTO and Gran Prix. Chevrolet sold 3,000,000 vehicles in 1973, which was an otherwise awful year for the auto industry. It appeared that DeLorean was next in line to be president of GM, but at the end of 1973, he walked away from it all to start the DeLorean Motor Company with an assembly plant in Northern Ireland. The sleek, stainless steel DMC-12 generated much interest, but like every startup car venture, the company ran into financial difficulties. DeLorean even resorted to dealing in drugs to save his company, and he was caught in a sting when he tried to broker a $24 million cocaine deal. He was aquitted as a victim of entrapment, but the damage was done and the company failed. The most famous DeLorean vehicle was a supporting star of the Back to the Future franchise of films. (Stephen Wynn of Texas started a company called DeLorean Motor Company, selling used DeLoreans and will build you a new one, using NOS (New Old Stock) parts that he acquired in the bankruptcy and OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) parts made by original suppliers. It is not, and never was, affiliated with John DeLorean, who died in 2005.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6f/DMC_publicity_photo.jpg/225px-DMC_publicity_photo.jpg
John Zachary DeLorean (1925-2005)
with the prototype DMC-12.

...in 2003, the space shuttle Columbia broke up while re-entering the earth's atmosphere, killing the entire 7-member crew. It was the 28th mission for the shuttle, officially designated as STS-107, launched on January 16, 2003. 80 seconds into the mission, foam insulation from the fuel tank broke off, striking the leading edge of the craft's left wing. It is believed that the foam dislodged protective, heat-resistant tiles on the wing, ultimately causing the disaster. Columbia began re-entry that morning, 10 minutes later, at 8:53 AM, over California at 231,000 feet, the trouble began while the orbiter was traveling at Mach 23, that is, 23 times faster than the speed of sound. With the heat-shield tiles missing on the leading edge of the left wing, wind and heat entered the wing itself and blew it apart. Debris began falling on west Texas at 8:58. One minute later, the last communication from the shuttle came in and at 9:00 AM, the shuttle disintegrated near Dallas. There was a large report and a plume of smoke, and the debris field stretched from Lubbock to Arkansas and Louisiana. President George W. Bush told the nation, "This day has brought terrible news and great sadness to our country ... The Columbia is lost; there are no survivors...The cause in which they died will continue. Our journey into space will go on...In an age when space flight has come to seem almost routine, it is easy to overlook the dangers of travel by rocket, and the difficulties of navigating the fierce outer atmosphere of the earth. These astronauts knew the dangers and they faced them willingly, knowing they had a high and noble purpose in life." The disaster grounded the shuttle program for two years, until July 16, 2005, with the launch of Discovery.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ab/2003_Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster.PNG/250px-2003_Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster.PNG
An unfortunate choice of words headlined
the television reports of the disaster.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Crew_of_STS-107%2C_official_photo.jpg/250px-Crew_of_STS-107%2C_official_photo.jpg
The crew of Columbia:
L to R: David Brown, Rick Husband,
Laurel Clark, Kalpana Chawla,
Michael Anderson, William McCool, Ilan Ramon.

Note: Prior to this disaster, there were few cases of foam breaking off the orbiter. The EPA, after protests from Florida environmentalists, put pressure on NASA to stop using CFC insulation foam on the shuttles. After the change was made, there were more documented cases of foam failing, and falling off, the vehicle during launch. There is credible evidence that the EPA's required change, pressured by environmentalists, ultimately caused this tragedy.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 48 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1942, Vidkun Quisling was established as the prime minister of Norway, a puppet government with strings pulled from Berlin. When the German navy entered Norwegian ports in 1940, they deployed occupation troops and faced no resistance - local garrisons were ordered to offer no resistance. The order came from the Norwegian commander, Vidkin Quisling. When the Norwegian government refused to surrender, the Germans responded with a paratroop invasion. On February 1, 1942, the commisorial counselors (put in place by the Nazis) formed a new government, loyal to Berlin, with Quisling as the prime minister. When Germany surrendered in 1945, Quisling was arrested by Norway's liberators, tried for treason and summarily executed by firing squad on October 24, 1945. The Times of Great Britain coined the term "quisling" in an editorial, "Quislings Everywhere" to mean traitor, especially one who collaborates with the enemy. To this day, "quisling" is a synonym for "traitor" in most Eurpopean languages.

...in 1887, the first rodent to become a meteorologist made his first prediction at Gobler's Knob in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania. The tradition is that if a groundhog comes out of his burrow and sees his shadow, there will be six more weeks of winter, but if he doesn't see his shadow, there will be an early spring. The tradition of Groundhog Day actually came from a Christian tradition called Candlemas Day, when clergymen would distribute and bless candles needed for the winter. The candles represented how long and cold the winter would be. An 1841 diary entry from Morgantown, Pennsylvania talks about a German tradition for Candlemas Day when a groundhog, which was plentiful in Pennsylvania, looks for his shadow. Groundhogs, aka woodchucks, weigh about 13 pounds. They are vegetarians, they climb trees, they can swim and they whistle. They go into hibernation in the fall and will come out in March. However, groundhogs will come out in February but they're looking for a mate and not a weather map. Punxatawny Phil, as a matter of fact, performed his forecast in private until 1966, and now there is a three day celebration of Groundhog Day in Punxatawny.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/DogGroundHog-small.jpg/230px-DogGroundHog-small.jpg
Six more weeks of winter?
Or an early spring?


...in 1923, gasoline containing Tetraethyl lead went on sale in Dayton, Ohio. The fuel was coined as "ethyl gasoline" by Charles Kettering of GM. The additive greatly altered the combustion rate of the gasoline. Leaded gas benefited engines by adding octane (in some cases) but also kept valves from burning out. Pollution and heath issues forced the removal of lead from gasoline in the 1970's. Some claim that was when unleaded fuel was invented, but that is not true. Unleaded gas was available before Tertraethyl lead in 1923, but was also available in a form called "white gas" which was simply gasoline without additives - often used in marine and other small engines.

...in 1847, the first member of the Donner Party perished in their encampment on the shores of what is now called Donner Lake, near what is now called Donner Pass. 87 people had joined with George Donner and his family, on their way to California. Rather than follow the traditional and proven route to California, the Donner Party followed the directions published by Lansford Hastings along a route known as the Hastings Cutoff. What they did not know is that Lansford Hastings was a charlatan who had never actually traveled his cutoff. If he had, even Hastings might have known that the route across the Great Salt Dessert was nearly impassible. The cutoff added three weeks to their travel time and caused them to abandon many possessions and animals in the middle of the dessert. The group arrived in the Sierra Nevada at the end of October and made the fateful decision to pause and rest their animals, and themselves, for two days. A fateful snow came the day after they would have crossed the pass, had they kept moving rather than resting. The snowstorm closed the pass and trapped the group, short of supplies, and locked them in until Spring. A group, later known as Forlorn Hope, set out on snowshoes for Sutter's Fort, about 100 miles from the pass. When the first relief arrived in February and found that the emigrants had been surviving on boiled ox hide. When the second relief arrived in March, they found that some of the 31 remaining survivors had been eating the dead. The last survivor of the Donner Party was rescued on March 31. Of the 87 pioneers, 48 survived. Two Native Americans, who were part of the relief from Sutter's Fort, became trapped and died, bringing the death toll to 41.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c8/Donner_Pass_kingp052.jpg/288px-Donner_Pass_kingp052.jpg
Donner Pass, ca. 1870

http://bridgehunter.com/photos/11/25/112537-M.jpg
Donner Pass & Donner Lake in 2003. That's Sonja and me on
the Rainbow Bridge during the Lincoln Highway Anniversary Tour.
Photo by Tom Kishman, published on the Bridge Hunter (http://bridgehunter.com/ca/nevada/17C0052/) website.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 38 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1959, a Beechcraft Bonanza crashed in Iowa, just a few minutes after takeoff, on a flight from Mason City to Moorehead, Minnesota. On board the aircraft were Buddy Holly (leader of Buddy Holly and the Crickets) Ricthie Valens and J.P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson who all died in the crash. The Big Bopper had a cold and talked Crickets member, Waylon Jennings, out of his seat on the plane. The band had just gone to Number 1 on the charts with That'll Be the Day, after a string of hits like Peggy Sue, Oh, Boy!, Maybe Baby, and Early in the Morning. Buddy Holly wrote all his own material and influenced popular music for many years after his death. The Big Bopper was a disk jockey who wrote songs for others, most notably, Running Bear recorded by Johnny Preston. Richardson recorded Chantilly Lace himself and made the top 10. Richie Valens, really Valenzuela, made No. 2 with Donna and No. 22 with La Bomba. "The day the music died" was immortalized by Don McLean in 1972 with his Number 1 hit American Pie.

...in 1966, the Soviet Union made the first controlled landing on the moon. The unmanned Lunik 9 made a soft landing on the Ocean of Storms. Shortly after landing, the capsule opened in a flower-like manner and deployed antennae that began transmitting images back to earth. It was the Russian's third major first in the race to the moon. On September 14, 1959, Lunik 2 was the first man-made vehicle to impact the moon. Lunik 3 orbited the moon and transmitted images of the dark side of the moon to the earth, the first that man ever saw the other hemisphere of the moon. The American space program was behind the Russians in the last 1950's and erly 1960's and pretty much remained in second place until the Apollo program made major leaps forward in the race, culminating in the landing of the Eagle on July 20, 1969. The Americans may not have been the first to make a soft landing on the moon, but the first to put a man on the moon, and the race was over.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Luna_9_landing_capsule.jpg/180px-Luna_9_landing_capsule.jpg
The Soviet Union's Lunik 9

Watch a 28 minute video called The Eagle Has Landed (http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=4166049933953240830) on YouTube.

...in 1781, American General Nathanael Greene led his troops across the Yadkin River to evade General Charles Cornwallis, who was in pursuit after defeating the Americans at Tarrant's Tavern on the 1st of February. A heavy rain on the 1st had helped defeat the Americans, their gunpowder had gotten wet and it all went downhill from there, however, the rain would ultimately aid the Americans and frustrate the British. On February 3, though, Greene was ready. Polish engineer and military advisor, Thaddeus Kosciusko, had made a canoe trip up the Catawba and Pedee Rivers in December 1780, assessing Greene's options. He built a fleet of flat-bottomed boats that could be carried in wagons between crossings, which Greene had with him. The rains that had aided the British on the 1st swelled the rivers. Greene had the boats waiting for him, and the army quickly crossed the swelling Yadkin River. Cornwallis showed up as the last of the Americans had reached the other side. Unable to cross the swelling river, he shelled the Americans but was forced to march to Shallow Ford, giving Greene two days to widen the gap between the armies as Greene raced to the safety of patriot-held Virginia.

...in 1948, the first Cadillac with tailfins was produced, beginning an era of tailfins on American automobiles. As the years went on, the fins grew until they hit the peak of absurdity in 1959 with the debut of the 1959 Cadillac. Most critics were pretty much convinced that the GM designers were a couple of quarts short of an oil change. In the late 1960's, tail fins faded into rear deck spoilers.

http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3079/2675059039_73ac30f58e.jpg?v=0
1959 Caddy fins are the epitome of excessive design.

...1943, the USAT Dorchester was loaded to capacity including 902 soldiers, merchant seamen and civilian workers. The Dorchester had been a luxury liner, but like many ships in times of war, became a troop transport. It was a part of a convoy designated as SG-19 and was headed for a base in Greenland under the escort of Coast Guard Cutters. A submarine had been detected by sonar, and although the Dorchester was only 150 miles from port, the captain ordered all hands to wear clothing and life jackets at all times. Not everyone heeded his order - "Mae West"s were uncomfortable to wear, especially when trying to sleep. At 12:55 AM, German submarine U-223 launched three torpedoes, one hit the Dorchester amidships, below the waterline. The captain issued the order to abandon ship, four Army chaplains began to provide encouragement and prayers, helping out any way possible. They opened a storage locker and began handing out life jackets. When the supply ran out, they simply took off their own and handed them to the next four men in line. Only 203 men survived the sinking, included in the 672 souls that perished were the four chaplains. Reverend George Fox, Reverend Clark Poling, Father John Washington and Rabbi Alexander Goode were posthumously awarded the Purple Heart and Distinguished Service Cross. The US Post Office issued a commemorative stamp in 1948.

Congress wanted to confer the Medal of Honor to the chaplains, but there is a stringent requirement that the medal can only be conferred to those under fire. I do not know how being aboard a ship that is sinking because of an enemy torpedo does not constitute "under fire." Apparently, neither did General Eisenhower because in 1961, President Eisenhower conferred a special Medal for Heroism to the four. It was intended to carry the same weight as the Congressional MOH. The four chaplains exemplify courage and calm under fire, and are a unique chapter in the history of war. (You can read the entire story here (http://www.fourchaplains.org/story.html).)

http://www.greatships.net/scans/dorchester/DOR-PC2.jpg
SS Dorchester before entering transport duty. She was
launched in 1926 along with two sister ships.

http://www.greatships.net/scans/dorchester/DOR-STAMPS.jpg
The USPO 1948 stamp.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/FourChaplains2.jpg
Rabbi Alexander D. Goode, Rev. George L. Fox, Rev. Clark V. Poling and Father John P. Washington

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 73 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1789, George Washington became the first, and only, candidate for president to be elected unanimously by the Electoral College. The event would be repeated on this date in 1792. In those early days of presidential elections, the electors in the college were presented with two names for president and were given two ballots. All ballots were cast for Washington, and since John Adams was presented as a candidate but received no votes, he finished second and served as vice-president for both of Washington's terms. The problem with the Electoral College evolved in 1796 when supporters of John Adams' Federalist party cast only one of their two ballots, ensuring Adams' becoming President, but it also meant that his opponent, the Democratic-Republican party candidate, Thomas Jefferson, would be Adams' vice president. In 1800, the situation repeated when a tie between Jefferson and Aaron Burr, both Democratic-Republicans. The election went to the house, where the Federalists voted for Burr, because they despised Jefferson. There were 35 tie votes until the Federalists conceded the election to Jefferson. (There's nothing new under the sun, I guess.) In 1804, the 12th Amendment to the Constitution ended the problem by specifying that separate votes be cast for president and vice-president.

...in 1826, James Fenimore Cooper published The Last of the Mohicans. The uniquely American novel was the second of a five-novel series known as The Leather Stocking Tales, featuring a hero with the unlikely name of Natty Bumppo. He is more commonly known by his nickname of Hawkeye, derived from his expertise with the rifled musket, his motto being "One shot, one kill." Hawkeye was born of white parents but was raised with Native Americans, his "brother" being Chingachgook. The five novels in the pentology are The Deerslayer, The Last of the Mohicans, The Pathfinder, The Pioneers and The Prairie. Cooper died in 1851 in Cooperstown, New York, founded by and named for his father. And yes, it's the same Cooperstown as the Baseball Hall of Fame.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/James_Fenimore_Cooper_by_Jarvis.jpg/200px-James_Fenimore_Cooper_by_Jarvis.jpg
James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851)

...in 1922, Ford Motor Company acquired the financially troubled Lincoln Motor Car Company for $8 million. Old Henry had insisted on building nothing but Model T Fords and some industry analysts saw the purchase of Lincoln as a move toward diversification, to match the many offerings of GM. However, the purchase was driven by Henry Ford's personal interest in Lincoln, which ran much deeper. In 1901, the Henry Ford Company was founded with Henry as the chief engineer. He designed an automobile but was never quite ready to release it into production. Nervous investors were not happy, and brought in Henry Leland. Leland had a reputation for building precision components. Leyland supplied engines to Ransom E. Olds' Oldsmobiles, adding to the reputation of Oldsmobiles in the early days. Leland brought his engine and transmission to the company and in 1902, the investors fired Ford - who left to found the Ford Motor Company. Meanwhile, Leland's engine was put into Henry's Ford. It was renamed "Cadillac" and went on to some success in the industry. Even with his success with Ford Motor Company, Henry Ford was one to carry a grudge forever. He was delighted with the chance to purchase Lincoln, which had been founded by Henry Leland. Henry Ford returned Leland's favor from 1902 - and fired him from the company he founded.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/1922-Lincoln-1280x960.jpg
Henry Leland's design for the Lincoln was actually
quite old and stodgy, well behind the times. It didn't help
sales of his cars, either. After Henry Ford bought the
company, Edsel Ford's design guidance made it into a
beautiful automobile.

...in 1974, 19 year old heiress Patrica Hearst was kidnapped from her Berkley, California apartment. The daughter of William Randolph Hearst, the billionaire newspaper mogul, was contacted by leaders of the Symbionese Liberation Army, a radical activist group led by Donald DeFreeze. The SLA demanded Hearst distribute $70 in food to every poor person from Santa Rosa to Los Angeles. The distribution was to be handled by the Black Muslims, but the distribution turned into a riot as more than 10,000 people showed up for the free food. After the mess was cleaned up, the SLA demanded an additional $6 million giveaway, which Hearst refused. An unexpected twist to the plot occurred when the SLA held up the Hibernia Bank in San Francisco, because one of the bank robbers was Patty Hearst. She was eventually arrested, tried, and convicted of bank robbery. Her defense was that she had been brainwashed by isolation and rape into joining the SLA. Prosecutors weren't so sure, and the argument continues whether she was complicit or displaying symptoms of Stockholm Syndrome. President Jimmy Carter commuted her sentence and President Bill Clinton pardoned her in the wave of pardons he made on his way out the door in January 2001.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/Patty_Hearst.jpg/225px-Patty_Hearst.jpg
Patty Hearst in an SLA poster.
Stockholm Syndrome victim or terrorist?

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 79 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1952, the first "Walk/Don't Walk" sign was installed in New York City. They were not the first pedestrian control signs installed ever, in fact, "Walk" signs were installed on Michigan Avenue in Chicago in 1934, but "walkers" were supposed to be smart enough to know that when the "Walk" light went off, it was no longer safe to cross. They either weren't smart enough or just didn't care. Walk/Don't Walk lights went up in Washington, D.C. sometime in 1939. Still, by 1952, pedestrian fatalities were a major problem in New York City. Did the lights help? Well, there were still 5,307 pedestrian fatalities in 1997. In New York, jaywalkers are subject to a $50 fine. Today, the old Walk/Don't Walk signs are being replaced with LED lights that feature a flashing orange hand for Don't Walk and a white light of a stick figure bopping across the street. In some locations, the Don't Walk sign features a count-down of how long you have to get to the other side before the light changes. Vandals tend to put black tape on the Don't Walk signs, covering all but the thumb and middle fingers, but hopefully, the message still gets through.

http://www.forgotten-ny.com/LAMPS/Stoplights/vintage.jpg (http://www.forgotten-ny.com/LAMPS/Stoplights/stoplights.html)
A fascinating website of forgotten features of New York uses this
photo of a sign in Soho in late 2003. Visit the site by clicking on the photo.

...in 1921, Loew's State Theater opened in Chicago. It was in the era of the movie palace, with theaters like the Chicago, the Uptown (Chicago) and the Al Ringling (http://www.alringling.com/) in Baraboo, Wisconsin. The State was on Madison Street on Chicago's far west side. It was a Renaissance Revival style theater, designed by Edward Steinberg, who also designed the Genesee Theater in Waukegan. The theater seated almost 1900 people and served as a movie house into the 1970s, but changing tastes and movie marketing doomed the theater and it closed. It stood vacant and a revival was tried, but it was demolished in 1995.

...in 1969, the arguably worst television show ever premiered on ABC television for a one-show run. Turn-On was from the fertile minds of Ed Friendly and George Schlatter, the producers of the immensely popular Rowen & Martin's Laugh-In over on NBC. Turn-On was a half-hour comedy show featuring animation, video, stop-action and non-sequiter one-liners that left many viewers scratching their heads. The cuts and chops were so quick that some people became physically ill while watching. There is an urban myth that it was canceled ten minutes into airing, this is not true. The show was canceled by ABC within a couple of days, but two stations, KBTV in Denver and WEWS in Cleveland, never went back to the show after the first commercial break. West coast stations, having some forewaring, chose not to air the show. Was it really a bad show? Today, there is probably nothing in it surprising or offending but in 1969, tastes ran quite different and Turn-On remains one of the worst television shows ever.

...in 1922, the publication you can find in every grandmother's bathroom was published for the first time in Pleasantville, New York. The Reader's Digest was the brainchild of Lila Bell and DeWitt Wallace. Circulation has dropped off in recent years but still reaches over 38 million readers in the United States and with 52 editions in 35 languages, it reaches an astounding 100 million readers around the world. It is also published in Braille and in a special Reader's Digest Large Print Edition. There are several favorite monthly features, one being "Word Power," first published in 1945 and written by Wilfred Funk - and look that up in your Funk & Wagnall's. (Which also happens to be owned by Reader's Digest.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1f/Readers_Digest00.jpg/180px-Readers_Digest00.jpg
This familiar logo was used until 2007.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 35 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1952, King George VI of Great Britain and Northern Ireland passed away in his sleep, after a long illness. Princess Elizabeth, the oldest of his two daughters, was in Kenya at the time of his death, became the queen. She was crowned Queen Elizabeth II on June 2, 1953, at the age of 27. She was born on April 21, 1926 and married her distant cousin, Phillip Mountbatten, in 1947. She had four children, the first was Prince Charles, born in 1948. Queen Elizabeth was a modern ruler, allowing the coronation to be televised, in the face of harsh criticism including from Prime Minister Winston Churchill. Elizabeth is the 40th monarch since William the Conqueror, who ruled from 1035 to 1087. Compare that to President George H.W. Bush, the 40th President of the United States (1989-1993) since President Washington was inaugurated in 1789.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Elizabeth_II_greets_NASA_GSFC_employees%2C_May_8%2 C_2007_edit.jpg/210px-Elizabeth_II_greets_NASA_GSFC_employees%2C_May_8%2 C_2007_edit.jpg
Queen Elizabeth II in 2007

...in 1820, an organized emigration of freed American slaves began, when a ship left New York Harbor for Freetown, Sierra Leone, in West Africa. The emigration was the result of efforts bu the American Colonization Society, an organization founded to return freed slaves to Africa. Congress appropriated $100,000.00 to help return displaced Africans, illegally brought to the US after the abolishment of slave trading in 1808. The British began to resettle freed slaves after abolishment of the slave trade in 1772, by 1787, 300 freed slaves and 70 white prostitutes settled on the Sierra Leone peninsula. Many perished from disease or from encounters with the indigent Temne who were not pleased with the immigrants. The British founded Freetown and sent more freed American slaves, who had supported Britain during the revolution but didn't like living in Canada. The program came under fire from all sides, abolitionists said it strengthened slavery while many freed slaves were not enthusiastic about leaving their homes. The emigrants founded Liberia in 1822. The new residents were so pleased with their new status and thankful for it all that they named the capital Monrovia, in honor of President James Monroe. In 1847, the fledgling was granted independence and became, officially, the Republic of Liberia. It suffered two military coup d'etats and two brutal civil wars in the last 25 years but the Republic has been restored. The country has always enjoyed the unofficial support of the United States. The maritime ship registry of Liberia is a major source of revenue for the small country.

...in 1985, Walter L. Jacobs passed away. He started the car rental business that became the basis of the Hertz car rental system. Did he start the Hertz system? "Not exactly." ;) He did start what would become the largest car rental company in the world when he was a 22 year old car salesman and an entrepreneur who saw an opportunity. He started DriveUrSelf System in Chicago, renting several Model T Fords that he maintained himself. Within 5 years, his business was grossing over $1 million and it caught the eye of the president of the Yellow Cab Company and Yellow Truck and Coach Manufacturing Company, one John Hertz. Hertz bought the company in 1923 and kept Jacobs on as the CEO. In 1927, the Hertz system was sold to General Motors, again, Jacobs stayed on, retiring in 1960 after the operation was sold several more times, to RCA and United Airlines for example. In 1994, Hertz was acquired by Ford, making Hertz the only car rental company to be owned by both GM and Ford at one time or another. (Hertz has been independent since 1997.) Hertz remains the largest player in the fiercely competitive rental market, but it all started with a handful of Model T's, owned by a 22 year old car salesman, in 1918.

http://www.goodlogo.com/images/logos/2538.gif
Jeff Dunham and Walter, "Not Exactly." (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RY5qV47mly4&feature=related)

...in 1928, a woman calling herself Anastasia Tschaikovsky arrived in New York City, claiming to be Anastasia, the youngest daughter of the deposed Czar of Russia. At a press conference, she explained that she was in the United States to to have her jaw reset, after it had been broken by a Bolshevik soldier. She said she narrowly escaped the execution of her family during the revolution. Gleb Botkin, who was the son of the physician to the Romanov family, said that Anastasia Tschaikovsky was, indeed, the daughter of the czar and heir to the giant Romanov fortune. Botkin and the princess were playmates as children, and he was adamant that this woman was his childhood friend. She settled into life in the United States and adopted the name, Anna Anderson.

Czar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate the throne during the "glorious" revolution. He was taken, with his wife Alexandra, their four girls and one son, to Czarskoye Selo palace along with four support staff, including Dr. Botkin. They were then moved to Yekaterinburg in the Urals. In the early morning hours of July 18, 1918, Czar Nicholas, Alexandra and their five children, along with three support staff and Dr. Botkin, were posed as if to be in a photgraph, then shot to death in a hail of submachine gun bullets. Their bodies were burned, then tossed into an abandoned mine shaft. Anastasia Tschaikovsky claimed to have survived the attack and escape, scars on her body supported her claim, but she was unclear about details of the Romanov family. Her knowledge of English, French and Russian were spotty at best, languages which the real princess spoke fluently. Her recurring mental illness and stays in mental institutions were blamed for the lapses in memory.

She fought a long battle to be recognized as the heiress to the Romanov fortune and worked to overthrow the communist government of Russia. The London Evening Standard said that Anatasia, aka Anna Anderson as, "displaying the tireless enthusiasm of the sort which keeps the 'Flat Earth Society' in business." She died in 1984. In 1991, the burial site of the Romanov family was found and the remains were exhumed. It seemed that two bodies were missing, and DNA testing proved that the missing bodies were female. Testing of mitocondrial DNA, which is passed from mother to children virtually unchanged, proved the relationships of the exhumed bodies.

Testing of DNA of Anastasia Tschaikovsky proved, once and for all, that she was not the daughter of the czar. She was actually Franziska Schanzkowska, a Polish-German factory worker from Pomerania who disappeared in a factory explosion in 1916, which accounted for her scars and mental illnesses. A private investigator had made these findings in the 1920s, but it took mtDNA testing to prove his findings, once and for all. (Two more bodies were located in Yekaterinburg in 2007. mtDNA testing of those remains determined that they were, in fact, the missing Anastasia and her sister. The entire Romanov family is now accounted for.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Franziska_Schanzkowska.jpg
Anastasia Manahan Tchaikovsky, aka Anna Anderson,
aka Franziska Schanzkowska (1896-1984)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 39 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1781, at Shallow Ford, North Carolina, 20 members of the North Carolina Militia, under Captain Joseph Graham, followed the British forces under General Charles Cornwallis, who were in pursuit of General Nathanael Greene. Greene and his troops had crossed the Yadkin River on February 3 (See the Morning Update, February 3 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-february-3-2009-a-49181/) for the story.) Greene had crossed the Yadkin with a flotilla of flat-bottomed boats that had been constructed for the purpose of evading the British. Storms has swollen the Yadkin River, making fording impossible for Cornwallis, forcing him to march to Shallow Ford and allowing Greene to escape. Graham, with his 20 men, did not dare engage Cornwallis' army, but he did capture 6 stragglers and killed one Hessian mercenary. Although it is an insignificant victory in terms of the war, it is an indicative of how one small event cascades into other events.

...in 1964, the modern British Invasion began at Kennedy International Airport in New York. The first invaders were John, Paul, George and Ringo - The Beatles. Less than a week earlier, the Fab Four hit #1 on the Billboard charts with I Want to Hold Your Hand. 3,000 screaming fans met the airplane and a near riot erupted when they stepped off the plane. The Beatles, comprised of Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr, John Lennon and George Harrison, appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show (http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/E/htmlE/edsullivans/edsullivans.htm) (a very popular variety show of the 1950s and 1960s) although no one could hear the music for the screaming fans. Sullivan booked them for two more appearances. Two sold-out concerts at Carnegie Hall required special police attention to block off the surrounding streets. The Beatles changed American pop culture overnight. Everything they released went to number one, in fact, in April of 1964, the top five hits on the chart were Beatles records. The group broke up in 1970 with 18 albums and 30 top ten US singles behind them. Lennon was shot to death by a crazed fan in 1980, McCartney was knighted in 1997, Harrison died of cancer in 2001. Ringo Starr still performs and has appeared in several movies and television shows, including playing Mr. Conductor in the first season of PBS children's series Shining Time Station.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/The_Fabs.JPG/220px-The_Fabs.JPG
The Beatles in 1964,
John Lennon, Paul McCartney
George Harrison, Ringo Starr

...in 1904, downtown Baltimore suffered a major fire. A plaque in the area says that no lives were lost in the fire, however, a contemporary newspaper story describes the charred remains of an African-American who may have been the only human to perish in the fire. Prior to 1904, there were no federal standards set for fire fighting equipment. Firefighters from several large cities came to the aid of Baltimore, but they were of little help. None of their hoses would mate up to the Baltimore hydrants. When it was over, the catastrophic fire had consumed more than 1500 buildings in an 80 square block area.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Baltimore_fire_aftermath.jpg/280px-Baltimore_fire_aftermath.jpg
The Remains of Baltimore, after the fire.

...in 1924, Charlie Chaplin appeared for the first time as the "Little Tramp," his signature character, The movie was called Kid Auto Races at Venice. In 1915, the character appeared in The Tramp, considered Chaplin's first masterpiece. The Little Tramp appeared in Easy Street, The Kid, City Lights and in Chaplin's first "talkie" in 1941, The Great Dictator, Chaplin's satirical shot at Adolph Hitler.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Charlie_Chaplin.jpg/225px-Charlie_Chaplin.jpg
Charlie Chaplin as The Tramp

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

The Grand Junction Sentinel published a letter to the editor from Paige's father this morning, calling out a double standard in Grand Junction.

Link: Grand Junction Daily Sentinel
(http://www.gjsentinel.com/opinion/articles/printed_letters_feb_7_2010)
The letter:

Where’s the support for Birgfeld’s claim?

"The Daily Sentinel’s Feb. 3 editorial applauds Grand Junction Police Chief John Camper’s action of seeking an external review of police culture after allegations of domestic violence by an officer and a suspicion of rape by another surfaced. The editorial noted that 'he hasn’t tried to avoid tough questions or hide what was taking place.'

"Compare that with the May 15, 2009, editorial, which condescendingly trivialized my request of the Mesa County Sheriff’s Department to probe into money missing amid the criminal investigation of my disappeared daughter, Paige Birgfeld.

"It became immediately evident that Paige was handling thousands of dollars away from bank accounts, in one instance $80,000. I promptly reported this to the Sheriff’s Department and searched, but found no money. About a year later, the CBS News show 48 Hours said 'a contact close to the investigation reported investigators recovered a large amount of cash from her residence — tens of thousands of dollars.' CBS News assured me that this source is absolutely reliable.

"Sheriff Stan Hilkey refused my request for an investigation. Without taking easy steps of verifying what I saw as to the money or speaking with CBS News, he said nothing further was needed, since there was no money reported on the department’s 'evidence/property report forms.'

"Then, after I made the same request of the FBI Public Corruption Unit months later, he, in grand politician form, said that he’d 'welcome and encourage such an investigation.'

"This isn’t so much about the money. It’s about tampering with evidence in a homicide investigation and obstructing justice.

"Now compare this newspaper’s applause for Camper’s review on two domestic violence incidents versus Hilkey’s refusal to do likewise in Paige’s case.

"If there’s a dirty cop, has he done it before? Will he in future cases? Nevertheless, the editor in May said, 'the FBI shouldn’t spend too much time on this.'

FRANK J. BIRGFELD Centennial"

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, although, a letter from Paige's father, Frank Birgfeld, was published in the GJ Sentinel yesterday. You can see it in the post above this one. No other news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 45 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1943, the Americans secured Guadalcanal, the largest of the Solomon Islands. The Solomon Islands is a chain of 922 islands and atolls, located northeast of Australia. The Japanese had increased their sphere of influence by invading and taking control of many islands in the South Pacific. The American strategy was to take those islands from the Japanese, and by island-hopping, move closer to the ultimate taking of the Japanese home islands. The Japanese had taken Guadalcanal in 1942 and began to build a strategic airfield. On August 7, 1942, the Americans landed on Guadalcanal with the objective of driving the Japanese from the island. Fierce hand-to-hand combat took place on the island while a huge naval battle raged surrounding the island. The "Fighting Sullivans," five brothers from Waterloo, Iowa, perished when the Japanese sunk their ship, the USS Juneau. (A ship would be named in their honor and their story told in a movie.) When the Japanese abandoned the island on this date, the loss accounting was heavy. 1,600 Americans died in the battle, over 4,000 were injured. 24,000 Japanese died at Guadalcanal and both sides lost 24 ships each. The islands gained their independence in 1978.

http://www.guadalcanal.com/images/honiara.jpg
Guadalcanal is a tourism site today, where
people g 45 o dive in the crystal clear waters
and/or visit WWII battle sites.

...in 1924, the vice president of Bell Laboratories, in charge of research for the division of Ma Bell that was an amazing think tank, spoke at a meeting in Chicago. The talk was broadcast in Providence, New York, Washington, Oakland and San Francisco. Heard by estimates of up to 50 million listeners, it was the first occurance of a coast-to-coast radio broadcast.

...in 1936, William Crapo "Billy" Durant filed for bankruptcy. Durant was a gambler with vision who, in his own words, envisioned "an empire of cars for every purse and purpose." The high school dropout, grandson of Henry H. Crapo (a governor of Michigan) was a successful carriage builder in Flint, Michigan. He was approached to be the manager of Buick Motors in Flint, which he used to found General Motors in 1908. By selling stock, he was able to raise enough money to buy Oldsmobile and Oakland, which later became Pontiac. He went on to purchase Cadillac and was within inches of buying Ford Motor Company from Henry. In a financial crunch in 1910, he was forced out of GM, and he went into partnership with Louis Chevrolet. He made such a success of Chevrolet that he was able to retake control of GM in 1916, add Chevrolet to the GM family, and continue addition of other parts makers. He founded United Motors and made Alfred P. Sloan into its president. By 1920, Durant was out again and Sloan took over, making GM into the largest automaker in the world. He started Durant Motors in 1921, making the Star and the Locomobile, but the company failed in the depression. He lived until 1947 as the manager of a bowling alley.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a7/Williamcrapodurant.jpg/200px-Williamcrapodurant.jpg
William Crapo "Billy" Durant (1861-1947)
Entrepreneur and Gambler

...in 1924,

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 38 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1971, the Baseball Hall of Fame accepted the nomination of Satchel Paige for induction. Paige was a pitching legend in the decades before the integration of baseball and arguably the greatest pitched who ever lived. Leroy Page was (supposedly) born on July 7, 1906 in Mobile, Alabama, but that date is not firm. His mother changed the spelling of their name to Paige to distance herself from Leroy's abusive father. He earned the nickname "Satchel" while working as a luggage handler at the Mobile train station. He was arrested at the age of 12 and sent to reform school, a lucky break, because that is where he learned to pitch. His natural ability and talent allowed him to turn pro, playing in the Negro Leagues, when he was released from the school. The year after Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier, Bill Veeck picked up Paige to play for the Indians at the age of 42. On September 25,1965 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-september-25-2008-a-44074/), at the age of 59, he became the oldest man to ever play in the majors by pitching 3 innings for the Kansas City A's. Prior to the game, he sat in a rocking chair in the bullpen while a nurse rubbed liniment into his arm - and it was done where everyone in the stadium could see the stunt. He retired everyone he faced, except for the great Carl Yastremski who hit a double. Satchel said his secret was to "...jangle along loosely to keep the juices flowing..." and to "...avoid fried foods which angry up the blood." He is estimated to have pitched 2,500 games, threw over 300 shut-outs and 55 no-hitters. On his induction into the Hall of Fame, he is reported to have said, "The only change is that baseball has turned Paige from a second class citizen to a second class immortal." He died in Kansas City on June 8, 1982.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/42/Satchel_Paige.jpg/200px-Satchel_Paige.jpg
LeRoy "Satchel" Paige (1906-1982)
"Don't look back - something
might be gaining on you."

...in 1909, the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Corporation was incorporated with Carl G. Fisher as president. Fisher, a Hoosier entrepreneur and car enthusiast, was also known as the "P.T. Barnum of Indianapolis." Using his fertile imagination, he sold bicycles and automobiles, and he made his fortune with Prest-O-Lite Company, making carbide-gas headlights for early automobiles. Racing in Europe was ahead of American automobile racing, but the lack of venues in Europe was stifling development there. In order to draw the Europeans to Indianapolis, Fisher offered the largest purse in racing, the unheard of sum of $50,000.00. It became the highest paying sports event in the world. The track was paved with bricks in 1911, earning the track's nickname, "The Brickyard."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/Indianapolis_Motor_Speedway_-_loc.jpg/275px-Indianapolis_Motor_Speedway_-_loc.jpg
The Speedway being paved with bricks.

To this day, the bricks remain under the track surface and there is a 3 foot stretch of the original bricks that remains unpaved, forming the start/finish line. WWI flying ace and hero, Eddie Rickenbacher, purchased the track from Fisher. Carl Fisher went on to conceive America's first paved coast-to-coast paved road, the Lincoln Highway. He would also found Miami Beach and developed the Dixie Highway for his northern friends to reach Florida. He died, penniless, in Miami Beach in 1939. Rickenbacher, meanwhile, ran into difficulties during WWII when there were no races held. Rickenbacher sold it to the baking powder magnate from Terre Haute, Tony Hulman, in 1945. Tony Hulman restored the Indianapolis Speedway, which was in bad shape from four years of disuse. He tore down the wooden grandstand and replaced it with a modern structure, restoring the "Greatest spectacle in racing." Today, the Indianapolis 500 is the largest one-day sporting event in the world.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Carl_G_Fisher_1909.jpg/180px-Carl_G_Fisher_1909.jpg
Carl G. Fisher

...in 1942, the Roosevelt Administration imposed Daylight Savings Time for the duration of World War II. Unlike modern daylight savings time, the move was year-round. The move, based on a European model from World War I, was designed to conserve fuel. On September 30, 1945, standard time was reinstated. In 1966, Congress passed legislation to set standard time and daylight savings time. The entire country goes on daylight savings time, except for a small pocket of counties in Indiana. Those counties never change from Eastern Standard Time.

...in 1825, the presidential election was turned over to the House of Representatives, as outlined by the 12th Amendment to the Constitution. John Quincy Adams, the son of former President John Adams, was selected by the house. Adams proved to be an unpopular president and was defeated in his bid for re-election four years later, by Andrew Jackson. It was the first of two father-son presidents, the second set came in the late 20th Century with George H.W. Bush followed eight years later by George W. Bush.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/John_Q._Adams.jpg/245px-John_Q._Adams.jpg
John Quincy Adams, ca. 1848
in a daguerreotype attributed to
Mathew Brady.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were actually no developments in Paige's case yesterday. Sorry for any confusion the earlier version of this update might have caused.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 63 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1958, Elvis Presley topped the charts with a ballad entitled Don't. It was his ninth single to go to #1 since Heartbreak Hotel went to #1 in 1956. Elvis had 17 top singles in his career, second only to the Beatles for number 1 hits, a record (so to speak) that stands to this day.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/22/ElvisPresley-OneNight.jpg/150px-ElvisPresley-OneNight.jpg
Elvis during his 1968 appearance on NBC

...in 1996, IBM's answer to the line of Cray Research Supercomputers, named Deep Blue, defeated world chess champion Gary Kasparov. Kasparov was born in 1963 in Baku, Azerbaijan, as Garry Weinstein. His Armenian mother and Jewish father presented him with a chess problem, which he solved, at the age of 5. (His father died when he was 7, and he adopted his mother's Aremian name.) He became the Soviet Union's junior chess champion at the age of 13. In 1985, at the age of 22, he became the world's chess champion, defeating Soviet Anatoly Karpov. After being defeated by Deep Blue, Kasparov thought the IBM engineers were cheating. He said the computer had almost human-like moves, leading him to suspect human intervention during the games. It was a claim that IBM denied, but IBM also denied him access to the computer's logs. In addition, IBM studied many of Kasparov's previous games, to learn his style and moves, but IBM denied him the same courtesy of studying Deep Blue's previous game transcripts. (IBM later published the transcripts on the Internet.) Kasparov retired from professional chess in 2005.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Kasparov-2.jpg/200px-Kasparov-2.jpg
Garry Weinstein, later Kasparov, at the age of 11

...in 1846, the Mormons of Nauvoo, Illinois, began their westward migration that resulted in the Mormon settlement of Salt Lake City. The Mormons were under attack - again - being persecuted for their beliefs as they had been in New York, Ohio and Missouri. In fact, Missouri even issued a proclamation, known as the "Extermination Order" that chased the Mormons to their new settlement in Nauvoo, on the east shore of the Mississippi River. Nauvoo was founded in 1839 and by 1845 began to rival Chicago in size. Persecution by non-Mormons in the area began about that same time.

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was founded in New York in 1830 by Joseph Smith, who claimed to be a modern-day prophet of God. Smith's acceptance of polygamy was controversial whereever he and his followers went. He helped form the town of Nauvoo in Illinois after being chased out of Missouri, in hopes that it would be the safe haven for his congregation that had eluded him for so long. Smith and his brother were murdered by an angry mob, which convinced his successor, Bringham Young, that peace was not possible in the United States. He decided to lead the Mormons to the Mexican-controlled Southwest. He had no idea where he was going and had no concept of what life was like in the west. He simply trusted in God and moved west with 1600 followers, and upon seeing the Great Salt Lake Basin declared, "This is the place." By 1877, 100,000 people lived in the basin, most of them Mormons. Young didn't count on the US winning the Mexican-American War, and didn't count on Utah becoming a US Territory. There would be more government intervention, more popular persecution and eventually, the church was forced to abandon its stand on polygamy. Today, it is an urban myth that the LDS church supports polygamy, it does not, and those who continue the practice are not affiliated with the church. (Missouri Executive Order 44, known as the "extermination order" was issued by Governor Lilburn Boggs on October 27, 1838. It said that "...the Mormons must be treated as enemies and must be exterminated or driven out of the state." The Executive Order was not rescinded until June 25, 1976 - 137 years after being issued.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/New_Nauvoo_Temple.JPG/256px-New_Nauvoo_Temple.JPG
The original LDS Temple in Nauvoo
was destroyed by arson and was dismantled
after the exodus. Some years ago, efforts were
made to recover the blocks and rebuild the
temple. This replica of the original temple was
opened in 2002. It stands as a memorial to
Joseph Smith and his followers.

...in 1941, the first Highway Post Office went online between Washington, D.C. and Harrisonburg, Virginia. It was a post office on wheels, built into a large bus. The idea came from the old Railway Post Office (RPO) where mail was sorted and distributed in railroad car that was part of the consist of passenger trains. As RPO cars were being dropped, the Post Office decided to try the HPO concept, and after WWII, 130 routes were established. The HPOs were tied to closely to abandoned RPO routes, so when a Railway Post Office was abolished, the HPO soon followed. The last service, between Cleveland and Cincinnati, was discontinued in 1974.

http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3079/2550290497_34ae34de64.jpg?v=0
President Roosevelt mails a letter at the HPO.
http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3263/2550290119_a09bca632d.jpg?v=0
Post Office clerks sort mail inside the first HPO bus.
http://www.sossi.org/articles/highway2.jpg
First-Run issues are collectibles today.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 82 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1942, the German battleships Gneisenau, Scharnhorst and the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen made what became known as the "Channel Dash." The Gneisenau and Scharnhorst had been anchored in Brest since March of 1941, trapped by a British blockade. The Prinz Eugen had been tied up there since May of 1941, after the Bismarck affair, when it and the Bismarck made their own dash. The Germans wished to free up the three ships, but they had been pinned down by British air and naval forces. Finally, on February 11, the Germans drew British fire on purpose, and the Gneisenau, Scharnhorst and Prinz Eugen used the battle as a smoke screen. They were accompanied by six destroyers and 21 torpedo boats, Weather kept the British air force on the ground and the flotilla was able to make a mad dash up the channel to the safety of German ports. The Brits were embarrassed by the escape, but it didn't really matter much as the Scharnhorst was sunk in December of 1944 and the Gneisenau was destroyed by bombs, still in the harbor, waiting for repairs to be completed. The Prinz Eugen survived but was taken over by the US Navy at the end of the war.

...in 1858, a fourteen year old peasant girl in France, Marie-Bernade Soubirous, saw the Virgin Mary. The mother of Jesus appeared to the girl 18 times of the year at a rock grotto near Lourdes. Marie explained that the Virgin Mary appeared to her as the Immaculate Conception, told her to build a chappel at the site and to drink of the waters. Marie had to dig to find the water, which no one had known was there. Skeptics in the church questioned her mercilessly and refused to accept descriptions of her visions. Still, she was allowed to enter the convent of Notre-Dame de Nevers, where she spent the rest of her life in seclusion. She died at the age to 35. In 1933, Marie-Bernade Soubirous was canonized as St. Bernadette. Today, millions of pilgrims come to the shrine at Lourdes to partake of the waters.

...in 1951, the Fabulous Hudson Hornet set the auto world on its ear when, driven by Marshall Teague, won the 160 mile Daytona Grand National. In 1948, Hudson introduced the "step down" design, still used by all automakers today, that provided a low center of gravity and better handling than anything else coming out of Detroit. The Hornet became such a dominant car on the race circuit that executives threw themselves in behind it, providing the racers with whatever they needed. The Big 3 saw losses at the track as losses in the showroom, and also threw themselves behind their racing teams. The Hornet dominated NASCAR for three years until rules changes favored horsepower over handling. Teague and the great car were immortalized as Doc Hudson in the Pixar movie Cars, played by the late Paul Newman.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/marshall_teague03.jpg
Marshall Teague lead the pack on Daytona Beach in the
Fabulous Hudson Hornet. Teague died in 1959 attempting to
set a new speed record at the Daytona Raceway, before the
first Daytona 500.

...in 1945, the conference at Malta came to an end, with President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and his daughter, Anna, began the journey home. FDR was in declining health, but with the end of WWII in sight, the Big 3 (Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill) met in Yalta to discuss strategy and borders at the end of the war. Roosevelt has always traveled with Eleanor prior to this meeting, but she always attracted too much attention. The Yalta conference was supposed to be secret, so FDR left Eleanor at home and invited Anna. She acted as his personal assistant and cared for his health. Churchill's personal physician recognized Roosevelt's declining health and arteriosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries. FDR would die of a stroke just two months later.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Yalta_summit_1945_with_Churchill%2C_Roosevelt%2C_S talin.jpg/180px-Yalta_summit_1945_with_Churchill%2C_Roosevelt%2C_S talin.jpg
The Big 3 at Yalta, Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Roosevelt_in_a_wheelchair.jpg/140px-Roosevelt_in_a_wheelchair.jpg
Roosevelt and Friend, with Fala, his faithful
Scottish Terrier on his lap. This is one of the very few
extant photographs of FDR in a wheelchair.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST, February 11, 2009.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 48 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1809, Abraham Lincoln was born in Hodgenville, Kentucky. He was a member of a poor farming family that moved from Kentucky to Indiana to Illinois. He only attended school for one year but continued to read and educate himself. He was a surveyor, postmaster, shopkeeper and an attorney before entering politics. He served in the Illinois legislature from 1834 to '36, and in 1842 he married Mary Todd. They raised four boys. In the 1850's, when the country was entering a period of great turmoil, Lincoln re-entered politics. He was the leader of the newly formed Republican Party, and although he detested slavery, he also knew an anti-slavery platform would never win an election. In the 1858 Senatorial campaign, he made his famous statement that "...a house devided cannot stand." He did not win the seat but rose to national prominance, setting the stage for the 1860 presidential election. Although he won the election, the southern states immediately began to secede from the union, even before he was inaugurated. By February 1, 1861, the Confederate states had seceded from the Union. The Civil War began shortly after. Lincoln is one of America's most respected presidents, known for his pure strength and a dry wit. When one of his more lethargic generals suffered defeat after defeat, Lincoln remarked, "...if you are not using the army, I should like to borrow it for awhile." He is remembered as "The Great Emancipator" although many supporters of slavery considered him a despot. At Ford's Theater on April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth, an actor in the company of the play that night, assassinated Lincoln. Lincoln died at 7:22 PM on April 15. Lincoln was so revered that for decades, his name was assigned to many memorials. For the next 100 years, all clocks for sale in the United States were displayed with the time of his death, 7:22. America's first coast-to-coast paved highway was named in his honor, the Lincoln Highway, almost 50 years after his death.

Booth, meanwhile, was part of a wider conspiracy to assassinate Lincoln, Vice-President Andrew Johnson and Secretary of State William Seward. The plan was to through the country into turmoil, thereby allowing the conspirators to step in and take over the government. The plan fell apart when his co-conspirators failed to carry out their assassinations. He inspired the derisive term, "bad actor" to describe anything causing damage or trouble.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Abraham_Lincoln_half_length_seated%2C_April_10%2C_ 1865.jpg/200px-Abraham_Lincoln_half_length_seated%2C_April_10%2C_ 1865.jpg
Abraham Lincoln, February 5, 1865
Portrait by Alexander Gardner

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 68 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1633, Galileo Galilei arrived in Rome, where he faced charges of heresy, because he promoted the Copernican Theory that the earth revoloves around the sun. The Roman Catholic Church taught the geocentric view that the earth is the center of the universe, therefore the Copernican Theory was contrary to church doctrine. Galileo faced the Roman Inquisition, the church's judicial system that regulated church doctrine. One of their tasks was to ban books that were contrary to church teachings and to prosecute heretics, which it also sought out. Galileo was born in 1564 and entered the University of Pisa to study medicine, but changed his studies to mathematics. His famous demonstration on the Leaning Tower of Pisa proved that the speed of falling objects is not related to their mass. While teaching math at the University of Padua, he built a telescope and observed the moons of Jupiter and discovered the Milky Way was really stars. He became an advocate of Nicolae Copernicus, the Polish astronomer. Rather than face a messy comfinement, Galileo struck a deal with the Inquisition and lived out his life under house arrest. Today, he is widely recognized for his study of motion and astronomy. He also greatly influenced Sir Isaac Newton, the father of modern physics. In 1992, the Catholic Church acknowleged its mistake of persecuting Galileo.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg/225px-Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

...in 1953, William C. Mack passed away at the age of 94. With his brothers, Augustus F. and Jack Mack, the Mack Brothers purchased the Fallsen & Berry Wagon factory in Brooklyn, New York in 1890. They began to experiment with adding an engine to their wagons, and in 1900, they built a bus for a Brooklyn sightseeing company. It served as a bus for eight years when it was converted to a truck. It racked up over 1,000,000 miles, the first of a long line of such vehicles. The reputation for building tough, long lasting vehicles, became part of the lexicon in the form of "...built like a Mack truck."

http://www.macktrucks.com/assets/mack/smartway_full_truck.jpg http://www.macktrucks.com/assets/mack/history/1916.jpg
Today's Mack Truck has come a long way from the solid-rubber tire, chain drive Macks from Brooklyn.

...in 1991, a hand-edited manuscript of Huckleberry Finn turned up after having been missing for more than 100 years. The manuscript was the first half of the first version of Mark Twain's novel, heavily edited with Twain's own handwriting. The manuscript surfaced when...follow along closely now...a 62 year old librarian from Los Angeles was sorting papers in a trunk that were sent to her when an aunt, from New York, passed away. The librarian's grandfather, James Gluck, had asked Twain for the manuscript for the Buffalo and Erie Library. (Twain once lived in Buffalo.) Once the manuscript surfaced in 1991, the squabbling began over who had rights to it, Gluck's granddaughters, the library or the Mark Twain Papers Project in Berkeley. In 1995, Random House published the novel (there was unpublished material in the manuscript) with the rights held by all three players.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Huckleberry-finn-with-rabbit.jpg/180px-Huckleberry-finn-with-rabbit.jpg
Huckleberry Finn, as drawn by E.W. Kemble

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Happy St. Valentine's Day! There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 69 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 278, the legend tells us, during the reign of Emporer Claudius II ("Claudius the Cruel") the army of Rome was involved in any number of unpopular wars. Claudius was having a difficult time finding recruits, he thought it was because young men were getting married and wanted to stay with their wives and families. To prevent this, he forbade marriage. A priest by the name of Valentine, defied Claudius and performed marriages, anyway, and Valentine was sumarily arrested. He was sentenced to death by beating with clubs, followed by beheading, which was carried out on February 14. The legend also says Valentine wrote a farewell letter to his jailer's daughter, signing it, "From your Valentine," and a tradition was started. The truth is, well, no one knows for sure. Several martyred priests with the name of Valentine fit the bill, and the church also wished to eliminate a pagen ritual, the Feast of Lupercalia, a not so wonderful fertility rite that was performed on February 14. (Lupa was the she-wolf who suckled Romulus and Remus, the founders of Rome.) In 496, Pope Gelasius declared an end to the Feast of Lupercalia and decreed that February 14 be celebrated as St. Valentine's Day.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Antique_Valentine_05.jpg/250px-Antique_Valentine_05.jpg

...in 1929, four gunman, dressed in police uniforms, murdered seven members of the George "Bugsy" Moran North Side Gang in a garage on north Clark Street. The shooters were thought to be in the employ of Al Capone. The St. Valentine's Day Massacre ignited a firestorm of outrage that caused the federal government to step up their campaign against Capone. Alphonse Capone was from Brooklyn, where he dropped out of school in the seventh grade and joined a gang. He was in a nightclub brawl where his face was slashed, earning the nickname, "Scarface." In 1917, Capone got married, moved to Baltimore and tried to go straight. His friend, Johnny Torrio, lured him to Chicago where he worked his way up in Torrio's bootlegging business. Bugs Moran shot Torrio four times, but he lived, only to be incarcerated for running a speakeasy. He retired and turned the business over to Capone, who never forgot his mentor nor what had happened to him. Capone was in Florida when Moran was on his way to make an alcohol buy. He ran late, and as he approached the site of the transaction, a garage, he saw the uniformed men and turned away, thinking he had avoided a raid. The Moran gang, meanwhile, thought it was a raid and lined up for a routine arrest, only to be gunned down in a hail of machine gun fire. Moran missed Capone's assassination attempt, while his seven men perished. Capone had an air-tight alibi, but everyone knew he was behind the hit. The Treasury Department, using Eliot Ness and The Untouchables, built a case against Capone and convicted him of income tax evasion.

http://www.mysterynet.com/images/mn/massacre.photo.jpg
The Chicago Police re-enact the scene.

...in 1779, Captain James Cook, the English navigator and explorer, was murdered by native Hawaiians on his third trip to what was then known as the Sandwich Islands.

Well, lest you think historical St. Valentine's Day has a lot to do with violence and death and little to do with making love...

...in 1929, Sir Alexander Fleming published the announcement of his discovery of penicillin. In September of 1928, the young bacteriologist discovered a certain mold that killed a plate of staphylococcus bacteria. He identified the mold as penicillium notatum, much like the stuff you see on old bread. On February 14, 1929, he introduced his product - penicillin to cure bacterial infections. What does penicillin have to do with love? Think about it.

...in 1948, the first event of its kind was held on Daytona Beach, Florida. The event was held on a a 3.2 mile track that was right on the beach - the first NASCAR race. Red Byron edged out Marshall Teague to be the first NASCAR champion in a race that was almost all pre-war Fords. By 1949, the hottest car on the track was the Oldsmobile 88, until the Hudson Hornet came along in 1951. Nuthin' says, "I love you" like more horsepower.

But in the spirit of true love conquering all...

...in 1988, at the Winter Olympics in Calgary, West Allis, Wisconsin native and speed skater, Dan Jansen, fell in the 500 Meter race. Jansen was the favorite to win the Gold Medal, fresh off his victory in the World Sprint Championship a week earlier. Before the race, Jansen learned that his sister, Jane, had lost her battle with leukemia just hours before. Jansen fell again in the 1000 Meter race seconds after a record-setting start. In 1992, he finished out of the medals in the Albertville Olympics and it seemed his quest for Olympic gold was over. In 1994, however, he won the World Sprint Championship again. In a pleasant twist of fate, the International Olympic Committee decided to move the Winter Olympiad ahead two years, so the Winter and Summer Olympic games would no longer be held the same year. Beginning in 1994, the Olympics would be held every two years, Winter and Summer alternating. Dan Jansen went to Lillehammer, Norway in 1994 and finished a disappointing 8th in the 500 Meters. He struck Gold, however, in the 1000 Meters by setting a world record time of 1:12:43. In a memorable Olympic moment, Jansen took a victory lap with his daughter, Jane, who was named for her aunt.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/040629jansen.jpg
Dan and Jane Jansen take a
victory lap in Lillehammer, Norway.
Jane was named for her Aunt Jane,
who lost her battle with leukemia in
1988. AP photo used under the "Fair Use" provision of
the copyright law, for educational purposes only.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 50 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1898, the US Navy battleship Maine exploded in Havana harbor, killing 260 American sailors from the crew of 400. The explosion was of an undetermined origin, and a navy board of inquiry determined that the Maine was blown up by a mine, without placing blame. Congress and most Americans were convinced the mine was planted by Spain and a declaration of war soon followed with the battle cry, "Remember the Maine!". Failure to reach a diplomatic solution resulted in the Spanish-American war that began in April. It only took three months for the Americans to totally dominate the Spanish, and the treaty of Paris was signed on December 12. The Spanish ceded Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines. Another team of investigators in 1976, determined the explosion was caused by a fire in the ammunition hold, and not from a mine.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/USSMaine.jpg
The wreck of the USS Maine in Havana harbor.

...in 1967, J. Frank Duryea, who with his brother, Charles, founded Duryea Motor Wagon works, passed away in Old Saybrook, Connecticut at the ripe old age of 97. The company was founded in 1895 and is considered to be the first American automobile manufacturer.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Duryeaauto.gif
The Duryea Automobile

...in 1965, a new Canadian flag was adopted. When Canada became a self-governing federation within the British Empire, the Red Ensign was adopted as the flag. It was a solid red flag with the Union Jack occupying the upper-left corner and a crest on the right side. The search for a new flag, one that would better represent an independent nation, began in 1925, but it took four decades to find the right design. The Maple Leaf design is one of the most recognizable flags in the world.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Canada_flag_halifax_9_-04.JPG/180px-Canada_flag_halifax_9_-04.JPG

...in 1903, the first Teddy bear went on display in the window of a toy store owned by Morris Michtom. The story behind the invention is blurred with several different versions to it, but most center around a Roosevelt hunting trip to Mississippi that was set up by Governor Andrew Longino. The legend says that Roosevelt's entourage surrounded a black bear, beat it with clubs and tied it to a tree. Roosevelt refused to shoot the bear, because it "...wouldn't be sporting." He did, however, say the bear should be euthanized. A political cartoon by Clifford Berryman appeared in The Washington Post that depicted the event. Each succeeding cartoon made the bear smaller and cuter. Morris Michtom asked President Roosevelt for permission to use his nickname, Teddy, which was granted. He founded the Ideal Novelty and Toy Company (it closed in 1982) and the "Teddy Bear" quickly became a childhood institution. At the same time, Richard Steiff designed a small, stuffed bear in Germany, unaware of the Roosevelt legend. 3000 of the Steiff bears were imported to the United States in 1903, and the craze grew. Ladies carried Teddy Bears everywhere, photographers posed children with them and Roosevelt, himself, used the Teddy Bear as his campaign mascot in his bid for re-election. John Bratton wrote a tune called The Teddy Bear Two-step and when lyrics by Jimmy Kennedy were added to it, became the popular tune Teddy Bear's Picnic.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/TheodoreRooseveltTeddyBear.jpg/250px-TheodoreRooseveltTeddyBear.jpg
A 1902 cartoon spawned the Teddy Bear craze.

http://www.teddybearandfriends.com/archive/articles/images/history03.jpg
This Steiff Bear was made about 1908
and is in the collection of artist Audie Sison.
For more about Teddy Bears, see the website of
Teddy Bear and Friends (http://www.teddybearandfriends.com/archive/articles/history.html).

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Happy Paçzki Day! There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday and no news.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 55 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Ponczki.jpg/250px-Ponczki.jpg

The delightful Polish pastry! It's Paçzki Day!

(Pronounced POONCH-key.) You can learn more about this delightful Polish Pastry in the Paçzki thread (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/happy-pa-zki-day-16594/).

On this date in History...

...in 1878, the Bland-Allison Act was signed into law. (Pay attention to this entry - those who are ignorant of the lessons of history are doomed to relive it.) The new law provided for the US Government to return to the minting of silver coins, which had been outlawed in 1873. The banning of silver coin minting was a controversial issue in the 1870's which might not make sense to us today. Today, US currency is backed by, well, nothing, except the good will of the people and belief in the stability of the government. In the 19th Century, however, currency was backed up by precious metals, with silver and gold being the top choice. (The government reserves of gold are still kept in a vault in Fort Knox, Kentucky.) The "bimetallic standard" meant that paper money was backed by gold deposits and silver was used to mint coins. In 1873, the United States decided to follow the world standard of no longer using precious metals in coinage, silver was a relatively scarce commodity to be using in currency. When the government stopped buying silver, the price fell, hurting mining interests and populist opinion was that money was scarce because of the act, commonly known as the "Crime of '73." A grass roots movement swept the nation to restore the metallic currency standard. Many people believed in a mystical power of silver to restore the sagging economy. Congressman Richard Bland (Democrat -Missouri) lead the movement, earning the nickname, "Silver Dick" and the bill was co-sponsored by William Allison (Republican - Iowa.) As you might expect, the act did little to restore the economy, it simply meant Americans could use silver coins again. The economy continued to sag and it failed to appease the radical metal backers, as a result, the battle over precious metals in currency continued well into the 20th Century. In fact, Bland ran for the presidency in 1896, losing the Democrat nomination to William Jennings Bryan. He threw his support behind Bryan, who used the gold standard as the basis of his failed attempts to win the White House.

http://www.coinfacts.com/silver_dollars/morgan_dollars/1878_morgan_dollars/1878cc_morgan_dollar_obv.jpg

...in 1959, Fidel Castro was sworn in as the prime minister of Cuba after the successful coup d'etat that ousted dictator Fulgencio Bastista.

...in 1852, Henry and Clement Studebaker opened their blacksmith shop in South Bend, Indiana. It eventually became The Studebaker Brothers Manufacturing Company, the world's largest maker of horse drawn carriages. They built luxury carriages for Presidents as well as wagons for the lowest tasks. When the internal combustion engine began to replace the horse, the Studebakers began to build automobiles, which they did until 1966. Although the company is long gone, parts of the Studebaker empire are still in busines.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Lincoln%20Highway/BendixWoods.jpg
The Studebaker family planted pine trees at the proving grounds. As you can see from
this satellite photo, the name can clearly be seen from space. While no Studebaker autos
have been produced since 1966, parts of the manufacturing empire are still in operation and
the family name lives on.

...in 1804, an attack that Admiral Horatio Nelson called "The most daring act of the age," took place in Tripoli Harbor, in today's Libya. The attack was led by US Lieutenant Stephan Decatur, the first American war hero that was not a part of the Revolution. In 1801, tired of Barbary Coast pirates raiding American ships where treasure and sailors were shanghaied, President Thomas Jefferson ordered American forces to the Barbary states of Moroco, Algeria, Tunis and Tripolitania. After a couple of years of minor skirmishes, prolonged confrontations began, but the frigate USS Philadelphia ran aground and was captured by Tripolitan gunboats. The Americans feared that the pirates would use the advanced design of the ship to make better ships, costing a military advantage. Decatur dressed his crew of 74 as Maltese sailors, including nine marines. They sailed into Tripoli harbor on a small, two masted ship and approached the Philadelphia without any response from the Tripolitans. Decatur boarded the Philadelphia, attacked the Tripolitan crew and captured or killed all but two. He set fire to the Philadelphia then slipped out of the harbor without and American loss of life. The Philadelphia exploded when the fire reached the gunpowder hold. Decatur became a national hero. He appeared on the 1886 $20 bill (a Silver Certificate, actually) and several cities (and counties) have been named for him in Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Texas, Georgia, Iowa, Kansas, Tennessee and Missouri, along with many schools.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/StephenDecatur.jpeg
Stephan Decatur (1798-1820)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 46 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1934, State College High School, in State College, Pennsylvania, became the first high school to offer a drivers' education class, offering both classroom and road training. Graduates of the course were granted Pennsylvania drivers' licenses.

...in 1820, The Senate passed the Missouri Compromise, an important attempt to deal with the expansion of slavery into the western territories. The United States was expanding to the west. Southern slave owners, eager to replicate the antebellum plantation system, wanted to keep new western states open to slavery. Abolitionists, mostly from nothern, more industrialized states wanted to curtail the expansion of slavery, hoping it would simply die out if confined to the southern states that already were part of the practice. Both sides realized the importance of legislative power that could come from new states, so the battle raged on. In 1818, Missouri petitioned to enter the union as a slave state. A New York congressman introduced an amendment to the Missouri constitution that banned importation of new slaves and required emancipation of extant slaves. Of course, southern representatives were outraged and the future of slavery became a national issue. As the debate became more bitter, southern states began to talk about secession and a civil war. Congressmen began to discuss a compromise. The Missouri Compromise allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state with Maine entering as a free state. In addition, it spelled out a limitation of slavery in the west, dictating that states coming from Louisiana Territory and north of the latitude of the northern boundary of Arkansas were to be free states. The compromise calmed nerves, but only for a short while. The battle raged on, especially over Texas, Kansas and Nebraska, and the Missouri Compromise was repealed by the Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854. Just 40 years after the compromise, the debate would erupt in a bitter and costly civil war.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/US_Slave_Free_1789-1861.gif
The expansion of the United States leading up to the Missouri Compromise and the Civil War.

...in 1911, the first electric starter was installed in a Cadillac. The invention of the starter was by GM engineers Clyde Coleman and Charles Kettering. Kettering had founded Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company (DELCO) that would be acquired by GM. Kettering made many automotive improvements, including laquer finishes, electrical systems, lighting and leaded gasoline. Kettering also invented the electric cash register while he was working for NCR in Dayton, Ohio.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/charles_kettering.jpg
Charles Kettering with the
first electric starter.

...in 1904, Giacomo Puccini's opera, Madama Butterfly (Madame Butterfly) opened in Milan at La Scala. The opera premiered in two acts, and was a disaster. The crowd booed and jeered the stage, and Puccini withdrew the opera after one night. He reworked it into three acts and the second version opened on May 28. He wrote a third version for the Metropolitan Opera in New York, and eventually, a fifth version, that became known as the "Standard Version," is the most commonly performed version. The opera revolves around a US Navy officer who marries a Geisha, then abandons her. The story was based on a short story by John Luther Long. Puccini was taken with the strength of the female lead, a Geisha who lived in Nagasaki. Today, a statue in Nagasaki commemorates Puccini and Madama Butterfly. According to some reports, Long's short story was based on events that took place in Nagasaki in the mid 1890s. The beloved opera was just one of Puccini's favorites, including Turandot, Tosca and La Bohème, one of the most beloved operas of all time. Puccini died in 1906, before Turandot was completed. (Interesting trivia, a 1922 film, in color, called The Toll of the Sea was based on the opera. It was the second two-color Technicolor motion picture ever released and the first film made using Technicolor Process 2.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Hohenstein_Madama_Butterfly.jpg/250px-Hohenstein_Madama_Butterfly.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 50 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1885, Mark Twain published his masterpiece, the controversial novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Samuel Clemens, using the non de plume Mark Twain, introduced Huck as the best friend of Tom in the immensely popular The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, published in 1876. Twain himself thought of Huckleberry Finn as the sequel to Tom Sawyer but the new novel was far more serious and took on major issues of the day, the end of slavery, racism and institutions of the antebellum south. The plot evolves around two runaways, Huck from his father's beatings and Jim from his master, because he was about to be sold away from his family. Huck is determined to get his friend to Ohio and freedom. The book looks at racism and religion in a satirical way, with African Americans portrayed as generous and wise while most of the whites are portrayed as stupid and violent. Huck questions the values and unjust nature of society in general. The book was banned in a Concord, Massachusetts library for being tawdry and called its narrative voice as crude and ignorant. Other libraries followed suit and the controversy continues to this day. (Most critics focus on the use of a certain word and, as is often the case, the strongest critics have never even read the book.) It continues to be popular with young readers, and has inspired many a youthful adventurer to attempt to build a raft. Ernest Hemingway proclaimed that Huckleberry Finn was the beginning of American literature. "There was nothing before. There has been nothing as good since."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Mark_Twain%2C_Brady-Handy_photo_portrait%2C_Feb_7%2C_1871%2C_cropped.j pg/200px-Mark_Twain%2C_Brady-Handy_photo_portrait%2C_Feb_7%2C_1871%2C_cropped.j pg
Samuel Langhorne Clemens in 1871 in
a photo by Matthew Brady. Clemens is
better known by his pen name, Mark Twain.

...in 1930, the ninth planet, Pluto, was discovered by Clyde W. Tombaugh at the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona. The existence of an undiscovered planet was proposed by the namesake of the observatory, Percival Lowell, who theorized that wobble in the orbits of Uranus and Neptune were caused by the gravitational pull of another celestial body. He searched for a decade with no results. Tombaugh, using Lowell's calculations and a new observational technique involving photographic plates, Pluto was uncovered on February 18. It was announced to the public on March 13, Lowell's birthday. In 1978, James Christy and Robert Harrington discovered that Pluto has a moon, or at least one moon, that is about half the size of Pluto itself. However, in 2006, members of the International Astronomical Union announced that Pluto has an oblong orbit that crosses the orbit of Neptune, and therefore, cannot be a planet. (That sounds to me like a bunch of vindictive high schoolers, jealous that they didn't discover the planet or its moon. Saying that Pluto isn't a planet because it crosses the orbit of another planet is like saying a Volkswagen isn't a car because the engine is in the rear.)

http://www.solarviews.com/thumb/pluto/plutonor.gif
Pluto and its moon, Charon.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/PlutoCartoon1-1.jpg
Pluto thinks the IAU is Goofy.

...in 1878, the cold-blooded murder of New Mexico rancher John Tunstall set off what would become known as the Lincoln County War. Tunstall, an English immigrant, set up a large ranching operation in New Mexico's Lincoln County in 1876. He was unfortunate to start his business in the middle of an intense rivalry for political and economic control of the region. J.J. Dolan and L.G. Murphy owned a general store called The House, and it controlled all the beef contracts with the US Government, which meant all the ranchers had to go through their virtual monopoly. The big ranchers, led by Tunstall, Alexander McSween and John Chisum wanted to negotiate their own contracts and began to challenge The House. Tunstall started a competing general store in Lincoln, making Dolan and Murphy his sworn enemies. Tunstall hired gunslingers for protection, including a young man using the alias William Bonney. Through legal wrangling, The House was able to get a warrant for Tunstall and sent a posse for him. A man named William Morton pulled a gun and shot Tunstall in the head with William Bonney as a witness. He was incensed at the murder of his boss, and be began a vendetta that resulted in his nickname and reputation as Billy the Kid. The fighting continued into 1884 with most of the major players shot and killed. When John Chisum died of natural causes in December 1884, the war wound down and The House took control of the county, anyway. The net result of the war was a number of major players were shot and killed and it fostered a great deal of mistrust of everyone. (John Chisum was played by John Wayne in the largely fictionalized 1970 movie about the Lincoln County War, entitled Chisum. The 1988 Emilio Estevez film Young Guns was another version of the war, none of the films ever made about the Lincoln County War were an accurate telling of the war.)

...in 1929, the very first Academy Awards were announced. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was founded in 1927 and announced the first recipients of Academy Awards on February 18. The back page of the academy's newsletter listed the award winners, they were also listed in Variety, the newspaper of the industry, a few days after the announcement. The films were made in 1927 and 1928, and award winners included such household names as Wings for Best Picture, Janice Gaynor as Best Actress and Emil Jennings as Best Actor. The winners were presented with gold statuettes that were unnamed. In 1931, academy Executive Secretary Margaret Herrick remarked that the statue "...resembles my Uncle Oscar" and a lifelong term was coined. Time Magazine reporter Qiang Skolsky was present when she made the remark and reported it in his column. The official title of the statue is Academy Award of Merit and both that title, and Oscar are registered trademarks of the Academy and are fiercely protected.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Academy_Award_Oscar_%28cropped%29.JPG
The Academy Award of Merit has not changed,
except for the base, from its design in 1929.
The Oscar is so tightly guarded, our image of it
has been removed by the Academy.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 46 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1878, Thomas Edison received a patent for the phonograph. The machine used tin cylinders to record sounds, played back through a needle. While a French scientist, Charles Cross, conceived of a phonograph and actually wrote a paper about the device, Edison was the first to build a working model. Always the pragmatic inventor, Edison forsaw his device for several uses, like dictation, the reading of books for the visually impared, education, family records, music boxes and toys, talking clocks, audible preservation of language, telephone messages and call recording and, oh yes, music.

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/edhtml/phono1.jpg

...in 1942, President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 and thus began one of the most shameacful episodes in American history. The order called for the removal of any or all people from military areas as deemed necessary or desirable. In turn, the military defined the area as the entire west coast. More than 110,000 Americans of Japanese ancestry or Japanese nationals, in the country legally, were removed from their homes and moved to interment camps at several remote locations. (At least 62% were American citizens.) For the next nearly three years, these Americans endured rotten conditions and indifferent treatment by their guards. Their ordeal ended on December 17, 1944 when Major General Henry C. Pratt issued Proclamation No. 21, declaring that "evacuees" could return to their homes in January, 1945. Many members of the US Army 442nd Regimental Combat Team were Japanese Americans, and they fought with distinction in the European Theater. Many of these soldiers had family back home, interred in a camp. During the course of WWII, there were 10 Americans convicted of spying for Japan. None of them were of Japanese ancestry. In 1988, President Ronald Reagan signed a bill giving each surviving internee $20,000 and an apology.

http://parentseyes.arizona.edu/wracamps/images/buttecamp-220.jpg
Butte WRA camp in Arizona. (http://parentseyes.arizona.edu/wracamps/) The
photo was taken by the Wartime
Relocation Authority and is owned
by the National Archives. It is
reproduced here for educational
purposes only. Click on the photo
to read more about the interment camps.

...in 1945, at 2:00 AM, 16-inch guns aboard the USS West Virginia, the USS Washington and the USS North Carolina opened fire on a crummy island, comprised of volcanic rock, called Iwo Jima. It was the opening salvo against the Japanese held island, a stragic piece of rock about halfway between American forces and Tokyo. It was the first American landing on a Japanese home island, and the defenders, although doomed to failure, fought with great tenancity. The battle would continue until March 26, 1945, and would be the bloodiest Pacific Theater battle of the war.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/37mm_Gun_fires_against_cave_positions_at_Iwo_Jima. jpg/300px-37mm_Gun_fires_against_cave_positions_at_Iwo_Jima. jpg
Marines fire a 37mm gun into the north face of
Mount Suribachi, later the site of the famous
raising of the American Flag.

...in 1847, the first of the rescue parties from Sutter's Fort reached the stranded Donner Party on the shores of what is now called Donner Lake, high in the Sierra Nevada. As you may recall from the update on August 3 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index261.html#post520468) or from February 2 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index271.html#post611658) that the Donner Party was doomed when they left Fort Bridger. Instead of following the tried and true route, they elected to follow the Hastings Cutoff, a shortcut promoted by Lansford Hastings. Hastings looked at a map and saw a route that was hundreds of miles shorter than the popular route, so he wrote a book about it and promoted the new, shorter route. He never followed it himself, if he had, he would have known it crossed the Great Salt Desert and was all but impassible. It put the Donner Party well behind the prescribed time to clear the Sierra Nevada before Winter. Their fateful error was to stop for a day to rest their animals, and as a result, they were trapped in the pass by an early snowstorm. It was the first snowstorm in what would be one of the worst winters ever recorded in California. Volunteers left the pass to try to get to Sutter's Fort to bring back help, and the first of the rescue teams left Sutter's Fort on January 31 and arrived on February 19. The men yelled out a hello, and a head appeared at the snow line. A woman asked, "Are you from California or are you from Heaven?" One rescuer, recording the events, journaled that the "...rescuer's hallo had been Gabriel's horn raising the dead from their graves." The rescuers feed the starving emigrants and began the evacuation. When the second relief arrived in March, they found that some of the 31 remaining survivors had been eating the dead. The last survivor of the Donner Party was rescued on March 31. Of the 87 pioneers, 48 survived. Two Native Americans, who were part of the relief from Sutter's Fort, became trapped and died, bringing the death toll to 41.


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Donner_Pass_Track_1_Grade.jpg/225px-Donner_Pass_Track_1_Grade.jpg
Donner Pass today. In the distance, Donner
Lake. On the right is the original Central Pacific
crossing over the pass. That's not a tunnel, it's a
man-made structure called a snow shed. To the left of
the tracks, down the grade, is the original Donner Lake
Wagon Road, later the Lincoln Highway (http://www.lincolnhighwayassoc.org/). The current
road can be seen exiting the photo to the lower left.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Lincoln%20Highway/getimage-idxviewidLHC0093cclinchigh.jpg
The Dutch Flat & Donner Lake Wagon Road became the Lincoln Highway in 1913. That's the Central Pacific Railroad, on the right.
The photo was probably taken by Lincoln Highway Association Field Secretary Gael Hoag, on one of his four annual trips coast-to-coast
on the Lincoln Highway. The photo is circa 1923 and is courtesy of the Special Collections of the University of Michigan Library.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 55 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1962, Lieutenant Colonel John Glenn was launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida aboard the Project Mercury space capsule, Friendship 7, on his way to making the first orbital space flight by an American. Glenn was not the first, in fact, Russian Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin was the first man in space and the first to orbit the earth in 1961. Glenn's mission was the third American manned space flight, Alan Shepard, Jr. and Virgil "Gus" Grissom made sub-orbital flights and Russian Cosmonaut Gherman Titov made a record-setting 17 orbit flight and stayed in space for 25 hours. Glenn's launch was watched by millions on television - this reporter remembers every kid in his school glued to a television set in their own or in another classroom. Glenn became a national hero, and as a result, NASA grounded him, rather than risk the death of an icon on future missions. Frustrated with a lack of flying time, he left NASA and went into politics. After serving four terms as a Senator from Ohio, NASA finally re-certified him for space flight, and at 77, he became the oldest person to fly in space, as a payload specialist aboard the shuttle Discovery.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Launch_of_Friendship_7_-_GPN-2000-000686.jpg/250px-Launch_of_Friendship_7_-_GPN-2000-000686.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mercury_6%2C_John_H_Glenn_Jr.jpg/200px-Mercury_6%2C_John_H_Glenn_Jr.jpg
Left: The Launch of Friendship 7. Right: John Herschel Glenn, Jr.


...in 1972, the death of Walter Winchell brought an end to a radio and newspaper career that was admired or reviled, depending on which end of Winchell's poison pen you were on. He began as a Vaudeville performer but in 1922, he began to write for the Vaudeville News. In 1929, he began to write a gossip column for the New York Daily Mirror and in 1930, he began a radio version of his newspaper gossip column. He had a radio style that was all his own, a rapid-fire reader of his material and he was once clocked delivering his news at 215 words per minute. His witty and juicey style was popular and he started every broadcast with "Good evening, Mr. and Mrs. North and South America and all the ships at sea. Let's go to press!" He played himself in several films and was characterized in many others. There is speculation that in the movie Laura, a character named Waldo Lydecker was inspried by Winchell, played by Clifton Webb. Winchell's reporting was very popular but was called yellow journalism by his critics. His career began to fade in the 1950s as television took over from radio. If ya can't lick 'em, join 'em, and his last major employment was as the narrator for the television series The Untouchables. Winchell had thrown his support behind Senator Joe McCarthy's Communist witch hunt didn't help his career any, and when he died, it was reported that the only person to attend his funeral was his daughter.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2f/WalterWinchell.jpg/220px-WalterWinchell.jpg
Winchell broadcasts from the Eisenhower
Inauguration on January 23, 1952.

...in 1972, plans to dig a tunnel between France and England were announced. Dreams of digging a tunnel beneath the English Channel date back to at least 1802 when Napoleon drew plans for a tunnel. France and Britain took advantage of new tunneling technology to actually tackle the monumental task. Huge machines set out from each shore of the channel and met in the middle on December 1 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index267.html#post585780) 1990. (Click on the link to see the update that describes the Chunnel.) The Chunnel went online in 1994.

...in 1942, Lieutenant Commander Edward Henry "Butch" O'Hare became the first American Ace of WWII. O'Hare took off from the carrier Lexington to make a surprise raid on Japanese forces at Rabaul but instead, became an ace in one mission. Most people know that the American strategy in the Pacific was to "island hop" and secure island after island, moving ever closer to the Japanese home islands. Conversely, the Japanese strategy to expand their empire was to island hop, taking island after island, expanding the sphere of influence into the Pacific. The Japanese had taken the island of New Britain and built a major air base at Rabaul on the tip of the island. The base gave them virtually unlimited offensive access to the Solomon Islands, the next target of their strategy. The Lexington sailed into the Coral Sea to challenge that access, and O'Hare's mission was to bomb and strafe the air base. Instead, the ship's radar picked up Japanese bombers headed straight for the carrier. O'Hare and his squad aimed their F4F Wildcats at the bombers and in four minutes, O'Hare personally shot down five of the G4M1 Betty bombers, earning him the title of "Ace." He was awarded the Medal of Honor for his bravery and deadly aim. O'Hare went missing on November 26, 1943 in a night fighter operation. It is assumed he was caught in crossfire, his plane was never found. On September 19, 1949, Chicago's old Orchard Depot Airport was renamed O'Hare International Airport. There is an urban myth that O'Hare Airport is named for a gangster in the Al Capone organization, which is not true. Butch O'Hare's father was a bookkeeper with Capone but later turned state's evidence to help convict Capone of Income Tax Evasion.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/15/Butch_OHare_F6F-3.jpg/180px-Butch_OHare_F6F-3.jpg
Butch O'Hare in the cockpit of a
Grumman F6F-3 in 1943. The ace
would go missing in September. In
1949, in his honor, Chicago's
Orchard Depot Airport would be
renamed O'Hare International Airport.
The official FAA designation of
Orchard Depot was ORD, which
remains the designation of O'Hare
to this day. That is why, when
you come to conference and fly
into O'Hare, your luggage tags
show ORD.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 70candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1965, in New York City, the African American nationalist and religious leader, Malcom X, was assassinated by Black Muslims while speaking to the Organization of Afro-American Unity, a group that he founded. Talmadge Hayer, aka Thomas Hagan, Norman 3X Butler and Thomas 15X Johnson, members of the Nation of Islam, were arrested and charged with shooting Malcom X with a sawed-off shotgun and two handguns, hitting him with at least 17 rounds. All three were convicted and to this day, maintain their innocence. Butler was paroled in 1985 and is now known as Muhammad Abdul Aziz. Johnson is now known as Khalil Islam and ws released 1987. In prison, he rejected the Nation of Islam and converted to Sunni Islam. Hayer is now known as Mujahid Halim and was paroled in 1993.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Malcolm-x.jpg/180px-Malcolm-x.jpg
Malcom X in 1964

...in 1885, the Washington Monument was dedicated. A memorial to Washington was proposed as early as 1783 and Pierre L'Enfant included space for the monument in his street plan for Washington, D.C. After Washington's death, planning began in earnest. It took until 1832 for a plan to be accepted, a hollow Egyptian obelisk designed by Robert Mills. The cornerstone was laid on July 4, 1848. Political wrangling brought construction to a halt in the mid 1850s and all work stopped during the Civil War. In 1876, with furor over the American centennial, Congress passed a $200,000 appropriation for completion of the monument. (You can see a visible difference in the color of the marble used after the layoff ended, about 150 feet up on the monument.) Upon completion, the Washington Monument was the tallest structure in the world. Today it remains, by ordinance, the tallest building in Washington.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Washington_Monument_Dusk_Jan_2006.jpg/288px-Washington_Monument_Dusk_Jan_2006.jpg
The Washington Monument at dusk.
Photo by David Iliff, used by permission (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/") and
may not be reproduced.

...in 1972, President Richard Nixon arrived in Beijing for a week of talks with leaders of the People's Republic of China. Today, Richard Nixon is remembered for the Watergate scandal while his brilliant strategy in China, with it's long lasting results, are seldom mentioned. In the 1950's, Nixon had been an outspoken critic of communism and had gone so far as to accuse the Truman Administration of losing China to the communists in 1949. By the late 1960's, the world had changed immensely. The US was involved in the unpopular war in Viet Nam, supporting the South Vietnam allies against the communist North Vietnam. It was assumed that North Vietnam was getting its help from Red China when, in fact, the backing came from the Soviet Union. Tensions were running high between the Chinese and Soviets, in fact, border skirmishes were quite common. Nixon and his National Security Advisor, Henry Kissinger, recognized an opportunity to drive a wedge even further between the two major communist powers, perhaps to gain an edge in negotiating a "peace with honor," as Nixon called it, in Viet Nam. The visit accomplished that goal, as the North Vietnamese and Red Chinese were not the staunch allies they proclaimed as much as mutually suspicious allies. Historian Walter LaFeber said, "Instead of using Vietnam to contain China, Nixon had concluded that he better use China to contain Vietnam. China, in turn, welcomed the opportunity to increase trade with the United States.

(Kissinger had begun secret negotiations with North Vietnam on this date in 1970. The negotiations did not go well with the Vietnamese setting unreasonable terms for a cease fire. The negotiations changed considerably after Nixon opened up talks with the Red Chinese.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Nixon_Mao_1972-02-29.png/300px-Nixon_Mao_1972-02-29.png
Chairman Mao Zedong and President Richard Nixon in Beijing, 1972.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 53candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1732, George Washington was born in Westmoreland County, Virginia. He took his first job at the age of 17, as a surveyor in the Shenandoah Valley. He joined the British army in 1752 and served in the French and Indian War as a lieutenant. At war's end, he returned to manage Mount Vernon, the estate that he inherited from an older brother. In 1759, he married a wealthy widow, Martha Dandridge Custis. He also served in the Virginia House of Burgesses and with his compatriots, became frustrated with King George and the British rule. In 1775, the Continental Congress overwhelmingly selected Washington as the commander-in-chief of the newly formed Continental Army. He was a natural leader and although he led about as many losing battles as he did winning battles, the wins were spectacular enough to rally Americans to the cause. It was because of this natural talent that he was unanimously chosen to the first President of the United States. It is difficult to separate fact from fiction sometimes, he never really did cut down his father's cherry tree, but it is still an iconic fixture of his story. While he did have dental problems, his teeth were not made of wood but of cow or hippo bones. He was stubborn, too, leading John Adams to once refer to him as "Old Muttonhead." Loved and respected, however, his granddaughter said he was a prisoner of his own celebrity. Abagail Adams said Washington possessed “...a dignity which forbids familiarity mixed with an easy affability which creates love and reverence.” He died on December 14, 1799 and in his will, he described himself as "George Washington, of Mount Vernon, a citizen of the United States."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Portrait_of_George_Washington.jpeg/140px-Portrait_of_George_Washington.jpeg
Washington in military regalia,
by Rembrandt Peale

...in 1923, the 1,000,000 Chevrolet rolled off the assembly line. The Chevrolet Motor Company was founded by William "Billy" Durant, the founder of General Motors, after he was forced out of GM in 1910. In 1911, he teamed up with race car driver, Louis Chevrolet, who was with the Buick Racing Team and had even driven for Henry Ford at one time. Their partnership eventually ran into disagreements (as most relationships with Billy Durant did) mostly over what style of car to build. Durant solved the problem by buying out Chevrolet but keeping his name. Durant made enough money building Chevrolets that in 1916, he was able to buy controlling interest of General Motors again. He rolled Chevrolet into GM in 1917, completing the familiar GM lineup that, minus Oldsmobile, is still in place.

http://www.remarkablecars.com/main/chevrolet/1923-chevrolet-copper-cooled-1.jpg
1923 Chevrolet Coupe at the National Auto Museum in Reno, Nevada.

...in 1980, with 3 seconds remaining in the "Miracle on Ice" game, the voice of Al Michaels posed the question, "Do you believe in miracles?" and seconds later, as the game ended, he added the exclamation point, "YES!" It happened at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, NY when the underdog American hockey team upset the heavily favored Soviet Union team, rated by many to be the best hockey team to ever play in the Olympics. As important as the victory was, what the Americans did to the Soviets paled in comparison to what they accomplished in the minds and hearts of Americans. Americans had been held hostage by Iran, the economy was struggling, the Soviets had invaded Afghanistan and the country needed the jolt of patriotism that the hockey team presented us. The world said the team simply overachieved, not giving much credit to the likes of Mark Johnson, Neal Broten, Mark Pavelich, Ken Morrow, Dave Christina and Mike Ramsey, who all went on to sparkling careers in the NHL. "We were a damn good hockey team," Mike Ramsey said. At the 10 minute mark, exactly halfway into the third (and final) period, John Harrington made a pass to Mike Eruzione who skated into the slot and slapped the puck into the net for what would become the winning goal. The explosion of voices was deafening, as 8,500 rabid fans began the chant of "USA! USA! USA!" that did not end for the remaining 10 minutes of the game. It was not the game that gave the American team the Gold Medal, that anticlimactic game came 2 days later when the team came from behind to defeat Finland 4-2, but it is the Miracle on Ice that everyone remembers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bd/Sports_Illustrated_Miracle_on_Ice_cover.jpg/220px-Sports_Illustrated_Miracle_on_Ice_cover.jpg
Do you believe in miracles? YES! The
cover of Sports Illustrated was the only
one to ever run without a headline or caption.

Watch the chilling moment here. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QTev5pSuYLk)

It was a wonderful game that was needed at that time. The United States psyche was low. The
country was still bitterly divided over the war in Viet Nam. The economy was poor. President Jimmy Carter
had already threatened to pull the American Olympic Team from the Summer Games in Russia over the
Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan while 53 Americans were being held hostage in the
American Embassy in Teheran, Iran. Americans of all sorts rallied behind the hockey team at
Lake Placid, Mew York, in fact, the now familiar crowd chant of "USA! USA! USA!" was not
heard before 1980 in the Lake Placid Olympic hockey arena. The 1980 Olympic Hockey
Team helped bring Americans together at a time they desperately needed it. Do you believe in miracles?
I certainly do!

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 55 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1945, during the battle for Iwo Jima, U.S. Marines raised an American flag over Mount Suribachi at the south end of the island. The flag was too small to be seen from the beach, so a Marine commander ordered a second, larger flag to replace the first one. Associated Press photographer, Joseph Rosenthal, captured the second flag raising on film. The result was the most reproduced photograph in history. Iwo Jima is part of a group of islands known collectively as the Bonin Island group, more familiarly referred to as the Ogasawara Islands. Iwo Jima was an uninhabited volcanic island (Suribachi is an inactive volcanic vent.) It is basically flat, making it an ideal location for an airstrip. The Japanese fortified Iwo Jima, knowing it would be an American target but also because it would be a base to defend the home islands against the relentless attacks of American B-29 Superfortresses. For that reason, American military leaders sought to secure Iwo Jima and the Japanese naval facility on nearby Chichi Jima.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c8/MemorialonMtSuribachi.jpg/180px-MemorialonMtSuribachi.jpg
On January 16, 2003, F-14 Tomcats
assigned to the Black Knights of
Fighter Squadron One Five Four
perform a fly-by of the memorial
on Mt. Suribachi on Iwo Jima Island.
The memorial is to the flag raising
during Battle of Iwo Jima on top of
Mt. Suribachi. (The U.S. Navy photo is
by Lt. j.g. Greg Kausner.) The memorial
reads: "Among the Americans who
served on Iwo Jima, uncommon valor
was a common virtue." — Nimitz.

The battle for the strategic piece of rock began on February 19, with a naval bombardment of the island. Unknown to the Americans, the Japanese were far below ground in an underground fortress, a network of tunnels and rooms that were untouched by tons of American ordnance. The flag raising did not mark the end of the battle, in fact, the battle for Iwo Jima would last until March 26! When it was all over, of the 22,000 soldiers on the island, the Japanese lost 21,703 who died either from fighting or by ritual suicide. Only 216 were taken prisoner. The Allied forces suffered 27,909 casualties, with 6,825 killed in action. Two Japanese soldiers did not surrender nor get word that the war was over. They survived on the island before finally surrendering in 1951.

One of the members in the second flag raising was John Bradley, a funeral director from Antigo, Wisconsin.¹ The Bradley Funeral Home is still in operation, although it is in a flashy new building, relocated from the original funeral home where Mr. Bradley buried my grandmother in 1971. One of my proudest moments was meeting Mr. Bradley, although at the time, I did not realize the significance of his history. To me, and to thousands of people, he is a hero. To John Bradley, he was no hero, just a guy doing his job. "The guys who didn't come home," he once said, "They're the heroes."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a1/WW2_Iwo_Jima_flag_raising.jpg/350px-WW2_Iwo_Jima_flag_raising.jpg
The photo of the second flag raising, snapped by Joseph Rosenthal of the Associated Press, is the most widely reproduced photograph in history.

In John Bradley's own words, here are the people in the photograph. "I'm the one that's second from the right as you're looking at the picture. And right next to me there you can see a man's helmet sticking up, that's Pfc. [Private First Class Rene A.] Gagnon [USMC]. The man bending over nearest to the ground is [Corporal Harlon Henry Block] [USMC]. And the one in back of us with the rifle slung on his shoulder is Pfc. Ira Hayes [USMC]. He is also a survivor. And the one in back of Hayes, is Pfc. [Frank R.] Sousley [USMC] who was later killed in action on the north end [of the island]. And there's two men that you can hardly see in the picture, they are from, the one on the right hand side is Pfc. Rene Gagnon who is a survivor of the flag raising. And the other one in back of Gagnon is Sergeant [Michael] Strank [USMC] who was killed later in action on the north end of Iwo Jima."

...in 1893, Rudolph Diesel was granted a German patent on the engine that would bear his name. His invention uses fuel oil instead of gasoline and heated, compressed air instead of an electrical spark. Diesel engines supply great power with fuel efficiency, making them ideal in freight hauling situations. Diesel engines supply power to trucks and railroad locomotives, as well as in stationary engine applications. To see an animation of how a diesel engine works, visit a website called thinkquest (http://library.thinkquest.org/C006011/english/sites/diesel.php3?v=2) although, I suspect the English was translated from German by a student. Don't let the strange wording fool you, the site is packed with good info. The animation is near the bottom of the page.

http://library.thinkquest.org/C006011/images/portrait/diesel.gif

...in 1980, Eric Heiden, from Madison, Wisconsin, skated his way into the record books when he won his 5th Gold Medal at the Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York. He is an icon in the speedskating community and is a folk hero in the Netherlands and Norway where the sport of speedskating is huge, although he is less famous here in the United States. Heiden also won the World Championship in allround in 1977, 1978, 1979 and in sprint in 1977, 1978, 1979 and 1980. After retiring from skating, Heiden went on to medical school and today, Dr. Heiden in an orthopedic surgeon in Utah. His father, Jack Heiden practiced as an orthopedic surgeon and his sister, Beth Heiden, is also an accomplished speedskater and cross-country skier. Dr. Heiden was listed at #46 in the ESPN SportsCentury Greatest Athletes of the 20th Century in 1999, the only speedskater on the list.

Sidebar: On September 12, 2009, at the Olympic Short Track Speed Skating trials in the Marquette, Michigan, 19 year old J.R. Celski fell and slammed into the boards. His razor-sharp skate blade slashed a deep cut into into his left quadraceps muscle. The blade just missed his femeral artery, which would have killed him. As it was, the cut required emergency surgery and 60 stitches to close. Celski recovered in time to skate at the Vancouver Olympics where he won the bronze medal in the Mens 1500m race. The surgeon monitoring Celski's recovery and performance at Vancouver is Dr. Eric Heiden.

http://espn.go.com/i/sportscentury/inline/heiden.jpg
Eric Heiden in action.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

¹ John Bradley's son, James, knew little, if any, of his father's story from World War II until after he passed away. What he learned about his father inspired him to write his father's story in Flags of Our Fathers. He told another story in the follow-up book, Flyboys. If you've seen Clint Eastwood's movie version of Flags of Our Fathers but not read the book, you really need to read the book and see what was left out of the movie - and why it had to be left out. I can tell you that I understand far more about my own father now, after reading his books. They are an incredibly important historical lesson for all Americans. Please, if haven't done so, read James Bradley's two books.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 76 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1836, Colonel William Travis of the Texan revolutionary army, sent his famous message from The Alamo, pleading for help and reinforcements. He started the message to "The People of Texas and All Americans in the World" and ended the message with the phrase, "Victory or death." Texas was a state of Mexico at the time, but soured relations between the Anglo-American Texans and the Mexican government led to the start of a revolution in 1835. Travis was in command of the revolutionary army that was situated in San Antonio, fighting for Texas independence. The Mexican army, 5,000 strong under Santa Anna, arrived unexpectedly in San Antonio, chasing Travis and his band into the old mission, known as The Alamo. James Bowie and David Crockett, both who had developed fame before arriving at The Alamo, died in the subsequent battle after Santa Anna laid siege to The Alamo. The Texans were wiped out completely, save for a courier who managed to escape with a message, but he died in a subsequent battle a few days later. The Texans did manage to inflict 600 deaths on Santa Anna's forces. On April 21, Sam Houston's army defeated Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto with the Texans shouting, "Remember the Alamo!" The decisive victory drove Santa Anna out of Texas, gaining its independence.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Alamo_replica.jpg/180px-Alamo_replica.jpg
The replica of The Alamo is in Alamo Village. It
was built for the 1960 John Wayne film The Alamo
which has been called the most inaccurate of
all the stories told about the event.

...in 1944, Merrill's Marauders, a guerrilla force under the command of General Frank Merrill, began an amazing campaign against the Japanese in northern Burma. In August of 1942, President Franklin Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill decided that a ground unit in Burma could partake in a "long-range penetration mission" in Japanese occupied areas in Burma. 3000 people volunteered for the mission, code named Galahad. Gen. Merrill trained his troops in the jungles of India, for secrecy's sake. The commandos were divided into six groups of 400 men each, Red, White, Blue, Green, Orange, and Khaki. The remaining 600 men were rear-eschelon support for the teams. The Marauders made a 1,000 mile walk into Burma, carrying all their supplies. Resupply came only from air drops. The Marauders penetrated into Japanese held territory and caused numerous disruptions in communications and supply lines, even capturing an airfield. All the remaining Marauders were hospitalized with various tropical diseases, malnutrition, fungal infections and A.O.E., an Accumulation Of Everything. Merrill's Marauders advanced through 750 miles of jungle and fought in 5 major engagements along with uncounted minor skirmishes. In a very unusual circumstance, every member was awarded the Bronze Star, unfortunately, many were posthumous and the unit received the Distinguished Unit Citation. The unit was disbanded and merged into the 475th Infantry, which was renamed the 75th Infantry Regiment, which today, is the 75th Ranger Regiment.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/75_Ranger_Regiment_Regimental_Flash.PNG
Today's Army Rangers wear a flash that includes a six-color stripe to honor Merrill's Marauders: red, white, blue, green, orange and khaki.

...in 1938, Variety reported that MGM had casted The Wizard of Oz with Judy Garland as Dorothy, Roy Bolger as the Tin Man and Buddy Ebsen for the role of the Scarecrow. Bolger was unhappy with being the Tin Man and aranged for a swap. Ebsen was unable to complete the project, nine days after shooting began he was poisoned by the aluminum powder in his makeup. Jack Haley replaced him and no footage of Ebsen as the Tin Man has ever been released. The movie premiered at The Strand theater in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin on August 12, 1939.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/71/Buddy_Ebsen_Tin_Man.jpg/225px-Buddy_Ebsen_Tin_Man.jpg
Buddy Ebsen, a well respected hoofer, fell ill
during shooting and was unable to continue as
the Tin Man. He would go on to some fame in
television as Jed Clampett and Barnaby Jones.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 46 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1919, Oregon became the first state to impose a gasoline tax. The funds of the 1% tax went to fund road construction and maintenance. ONE PERCENT! Oh, for the good old days. (Oregon gasoline tax is 24¢.) Today, the Federal Fuel Tax is 18.4¢ per gallon, but members of the US government are whining that the tax is not generating enough revenue! Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood, in February 2009, called for us to be taxed by the mileage we actually drive, calculated by a satellite tracking device in our vehicles. (The highest fuel taxes are charged in the W states, Washington (36¢) Wisconsin (32.9¢) and West Virginia (32.2¢) taxes that are in addition to the 18.4¢ charged by the feds. The Wisconsin governor tells us that the gas tax isn't high enough!) You can see what you're being ripped off on the Motor Fuel Excise Tax Rate Chart (http://www.taxadmin.org/fta/rate/motor_fl.html) on the Tax Administration web site.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Gas%20Jokes/image011.jpg

...in 1933, Tonto made his first appearance on The Lone Ranger. Of course, no one ever seemed to notice that the Lone Ranger was no longer alone with his "...faithful Indian companion..." by his side but that didn't seem to matter much. Since the show was on radio, Tonto was strictly a plot advancement tool, giving the Ranger someone to talk to, allowing him to share with the audience and not have to talk to his horse, Silver. Unlike Silver, Tonto could answer, although his pidgen English left listeners scratching their heads. The Lone Ranger went on to be one of the most popular radio and television programs of all time. (Advertising genius, Stan Frieberg, even put the Lone Ranger and Tonto into a Jeno's Pizza Rolls television spot (http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x448go_famous-pizza-roll-commercial-from-t_shortfilms) in the 1960's, that was also a brilliant parody of Lark Cigarette spots of the era. Both Lark and Jeno's used The William Tell Overture for music. Lark had a series of spots that asked the man-on-the-street to "show us your Lark pack." Click on the link to see the spot.)

http://img176.imageshack.us/img176/3707/1c8vs.jpg
Jay Silverheels as Tonto. Read more about this
fascinating man on this Jay Silverheels (http://nimst.tripod.com/cgi-bin/UC9.html) fansite.

...in 1890, Vlacheslav Mikhaylovich Skryabin was born in Kurkaka, Russia. He was better known by the revolutionary name that he took, Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov. He was an organizer of the Bolshevik Party and he became the secretary of the Central Committee after Vladimir Lenin ascended to power during the Russian Revolution. Molotv went on to be a hard-line negotiator for the Soviet, earning President Roosevelt's nickname, "Stone Ass." During World War II, Molotov was an advocate of tossing bottles, filled with a flammable liquid and stuffed with a fire-lit rag, at an enemy target. Thus, the "Molotov Cocktail" was born.

http://z.about.com/d/chemistry/1/8/j/k/molotovcocktail.jpg
The Molotov Cocktail, some kind of
heritage to be remembered by.

...in 1862, Congress passed the Legal Tender Act, allowing the printing of paper money to be used as specie, something the CSA had been doing since the beginning of the Civil War. The US Government had depleted its store of gold and silver to pay for the war and needed a way to pay its bills. The paper money, known as "Greenabacks" worked very well and paved the way for today's currency. An income tax and steep excise taxes prevented the inflation that usually follows the printing of money (pay attention to that factoid!) and kept the economy in check while promoting its growth.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/USNotes.jpg/300px-USNotes.jpg

...in 1928, the first license for a television broadcast station was granted. It was for a laboratory in Washington, D.C. and operated until 1932. The regulation of broadcasting has been there since the beginning. The Wireless Act of 1910 mandated that American ships have a transmitter and a qualified radio operator aboard. In the 1920's, the regulation extended to power, towers, identification of stations and advertising. The Radio Act of 1928 created the Federal Communications Commission and the granddaddy of them all, the Radio Act of 1934 set the broadcasting industry as we know it today, with call letters, frequency assignment, transmission power, and the Emergency Broadcast System to rapidly distribute information during disasters.

The industry was deregulated in the 1980's, under the Reagan Administration. The Radio Act of 1934 had strict regulations about ownership but by the 1980s, it was becoming too expensive for an owner to maintain one or two outlets. The deregulation allowed large companies to own multiple broadcast outlets and apply economies of scale to streamline operations and make losers into winners. Automation and satellite feeds placed the same programming on multiple stations and allowed many smaller, essentially defunct stations, to stay on the air. The deregulation also breathed life into the AM radio band that was virtually extinct with the expansion of superior FM signals. The dereg saw the development of syndicated programming, especially a phenomenon called "talk radio" that made the AM band back into a commercial success. Love him or hate him, the most successful radio program on the air today is the Rush Limbaugh Show that reaches 20 million listeners per hour.

Interesting sidebar: In 1951, the FCC mandated the CONtrol of ELctronic RADiation, or Conelrad, on 640 kHz and 1240 kHz to distribute information about nuclear attacks. All radios had little Civil Defense symbols at 604 and 1240 on the dial so you could find your local Conelrad station. Part of the idea was to stop all broadcasting, except Conelrad, so Russian bombers couldn't follow broadcast signals to large population centers. Conelrad was discontinued in 1963 and replaced by the Emergency Broadcast System.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d9/Cdb_prime_cvr.jpg/120px-Cdb_prime_cvr.jpg

...in 1848, Edward Henry Harriman was born in Hempstead, New York. He went on to be the savior of the Union Pacific cross continental railroad, and became a punchline in the script of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid in a line uttered by the character Woodcock, under siege by the Wild Bunch. Harriman quit school at the age of 14 to become a messenger boy on Wall Street, and rose quickly to having a seat on the stock exchange at the age of 22. At that time, he began to acquire railroad stock and became a rail baron by purchasing bankrupt railroads, revitalizing them, and reselling them at a huge profit.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Edward_Henry_Harriman_1899.jpg/225px-Edward_Henry_Harriman_1899.jpg
E.H. Harriman (1848-1909)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had I48 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1993, a terrorist bomb, inside a rented van, exploded at the World Trade Center, in the parking structure, at 12:18 PM. The first attack on the WTC left a crater about 60 feet wide. Several floors surrounding the area collapsed, killing six and injuring 1,042 people. The blast caused $500 million in damage. New York City authorities and the FBI unleashed a giant manhunt. Within days, several radical Islamists were arrested, and in 1994, Mohammed Salameh, Ahmad Ajaj, Nidal Ayyad, and Mahmoud Abouhalima were convicted and sentenced to life in prison. Salameh blew his cover when he went back to Ryder to retrieve the $400 deposit on the rental of the van. The mastermind of the attack was Ramzi Ahmed Yousef, who was arrested two years later in Pakistan. A computer of his, captured by authorities, revealed plans to kill Pope John II and to bomb 15 American airliners. There are tenuous links between Yousef and Osama bin Laden.
Ramzi Ahmed Yousef said that his only regret was that the 110 story tower did not collapse and fall into the twin tower. The plan, had it worked, would have killed thousands of people. The collapse would finally be achieved on September 11, 2001. They were at war with us, but we weren't at war with them. They are still at war with us, and the lessons of 1993 and 2001 must not be forgotten.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/WTC_1993_ATF_Commons.jpg
The aftermath of the bombing in the parking structure.

...in 1935, Adolph Hitler began the secret rearming of Germany by creating the Reich Lutwaffe, the third branch of the Nazi military, with the army and navy. Hermann Goering, the WWI hero, was appointed the commander of the Luftwaffe. The Treaty of Versailles prohibited military aviation but the new German airline, Lufthansa, provided flight training for the future military pilots. The Luftwaffe grew in size and stature, but in secret. The Messerschmidt Bf 109 was the flagship of the Luftwaffe and was superior to anything flying in Europe at the time. As the war began, the Luftwaffe was a major component in the Blitzkrieg strategy. It was invincible until the Battle of Britain, when its first defeat was at the hands of the British. In the face of relentless attacks by British and American air forces, the Luftwaffe lost its superiority over Europe and by the time of the D-Day invasion, there was little of the Luftwaffe left.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Messerschmitt_Bf_109G-10_USAF.jpg/300px-Messerschmitt_Bf_109G-10_USAF.jpg
Messerschmidt Bf 109G-10 at the Air Force Museum in Dayton, Ohio.

...in 1903, Alexander Winton set the first speed record at Daytona Beach. The Winton Bullet Number 1, with a four cylinder engine, was in a race at Daytona Beach a year earlier, against Ransom E. Olds but the race resulted in a tie. On this date in 1903, the Bullet Number 2 set a record speed of over 65 mph. The Bullet Number 2 had two four cylinder engines bolted together, making a straight 8 cylinder engine.

http://z.about.com/d/cleveland/1/5/q/1/-/-/1902wintonracecar.jpg
Winton Bullet Number 2

...in 1919, and in 1929, two national parks were established. In 1919, the Grand Canyon was set aside as a national park followed by Grand Tetons in 1929.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Wide_angle_tetons.jpg/800px-Wide_angle_tetons.jpg
The Grand Tetons range as seen from Jackson Hole.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had XXX candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1960, the US Olympic hockey team defeated the Soviet Union in Squaw Valley, California. The next day, the US went on to defeat Czechoslovakia and win the first-ever Gold Medal in hockey. Jack Riley, who had been a member of the 1948 team, coached a team with two sets of brothers, Bill and Bob Cleary and Bill and Roger Christian. Bill Christian's son, David, would be a member of the 1980 "Miracle on Ice" hockey team, that would defeat the highly favored Soviet Union team on the way to winning the gold again.

...in 2003, Fred Rogers passed away from stomach cancer at the age of 74. He was Presbyterian minister, writer, puppeteer and better known to generations as Mister Rogers. His award winning television show, Mister Rogers' Neighborhood ran on PBS for more than 30 years, featuring Mr. Rogers, of course, but also Mr. McFeely and puppets in the land of Make Believe, where viewers were taken by the Neighborhood Trolley to meet King Friday XIII, Queen Sara Saturday, Curious X and Henrietta Pussycat. (McFeely was Fred Rogers' middle name.) Although it seemed that Mister Rogers' Neighborhood had been passed up by high-tech productions and slick packaging, his fixed formula served him well and resulted in 998 episodes, four Emmys and a Peabdoy Award. He retired in 2000, but came out of retirement to make PSAs to aid children and parents to deal with the tragedy of 9/11. His trademark red sweater hangs in the Smithsonian Institution.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Fred_Rogers_White_House.jpg
Mister Rogers meets President George Bush in the White House, April 3, 2002. On July 9, he
recieved the Presidential Medal of Freedom. During the presentation, President Bush said,
"Fred Rogers has proven that television can soothe the soul and nurture the spirit and teach
the very young."

...in 1948, it took the FTC and a court order to protect the company that innovated the mechanical hero of World War II, the jeep. The Willys-Overland Company was one of three companies (Ford, Bantam and Willys) that produced the jeep for the army during the war. All three had developed prototypes for the army, but it was the Bantam that won. Unfortunately, Bantam was a small operation (in more ways than one) and could not meet the army production demands, so Ford and Willys build jeeps to Bantam specifications. In 1943, Willys began to claim that the company had developed the jeep, when in fact, Bantam had done so. At the end of the way, the army demanded that all tooling be destroyed. Bantam was sold and reduced to making trailers. Ford, of course, went back to making cars. Willys continued to build the jeep and sold it to the consumer market as the CJ-2, but was enjoined from claiming development of the versitile little brute.

http://oldcarandtruckpictures.com/Jeeps/1941Bantam-c.jpg
1941 American Bantam Jeep

...in 1827, masked students danced through the streets of New Orleans, beginning the annual tradition of Mardi Gras. The celebration of Carnival (the weeks between the Twelfth Night, January 6 and Ash Wednesday) originated in Rome, spread across Europe, and across the ocean to the New World. Carnival is an over-the-top celebration in Rio de Janiero and New Orleans. It was French settlers who brought Mardi Gras (Fat Tuesday) to New Orleans but Spanish governors outlawed the celebration by banning the wearing of masks in the streets. After Louisiana became part of the United States in 1803, the ban on masks was lifted. In 1857, plantation owner Bernard Xavier de Marigny de Mandeville began sponsoring a large Mardi Gras celebration but by the 1850s, rowdy revelers were getting out of hand, even violent. The Mistick Krewe of Comus, a secret society, launched an organized celebration and parade in 1857. Contrary to popular belief, the parades are not in the French Quarter, banned in 1979 because of the narrow streets. Mardi Gras is attended by 300,000 to 400,000 people each year. Mardi Gras in 2006 was likely the most important of all of the celebrations since 1827 because it was the first one after Hurricane Katrina and marked the recovery of New Orleans, devastated by the hurricane.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/img_0980.jpg


That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 59 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1953, James D. Watson and Frances H.C. Crick, scientists at Cambridge University, announced that they had determined the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA (for short.) DNA itself was nothing new, in fact, it was discovered in 1869 although its role in genetic inheritance wasn't determined until 1943. Many scientists were working on determining the structure. It was on this date that Watson and Crick announced they determined the structure of DNA was a double-helix polymer, or a spiral of two DNA strands, each containing a long chain of monomer nucleotides, wound around each other. (Don't feel bad. I have no idea what that means, either.) Watson and Crick reported that DNA replicated itself by separating into individual strands, each of which became the template for a new double helix. Crick made the first announcement of their find when he went to the Eagle Pub and blurted out, "We found the secret of life."

http://genomics.energy.gov/gallery/basic_genomics/originals/762.jpg
U.S. Department of Energy Genome Programs at Oak Ridge National Laboratory
created this image of the DNA molecule.

Q: How can you tell a boy chromosome from a girl chromosome?

A: You pull down their genes.

...in 1932, Ford Motor Company produced the last Model A. It was a closing to another chapter in the lore of Ford Motor Company. The venerable Model T had put America on wheels, but after 19 years, it was outdated and in need of replacement. Henry Ford's remarkable V8 engine was not yet ready for production, so the Model A was introduced at the stop-gap between the Model T and the V8. It featured a 40 horsepower engine, twice what the Model T had, a sliding-gear transmission, an electric starter and styling that followed the high-end Lincoln. (In some circles, the Model A was called the "Baby Lincoln." 5 million Model A's were built between 1927 and 1932 and it is estimated that perhaps as many as 1 million still exist.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Model_A/th_31droadsterEM.jpg (http://smg.photobu)cket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Model_A/?action=view&current=31droadsterEM.jpg)
1931 Ford Model A Deluxe Roadster
Click on the photo to see it full size.

...in 1993, agents of the US Treasury Department's Bureau fo Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms launched a raid into the Branch Davidian compound, Mount Carmel, in Waco, Texas. Gunfire erupted, and when the smoke cleared, four ATF agents were dead and 15 wounded. Six of the members of the Branch Davidian Cult were fatally wounded and several more injured, including the leader, David Koresh. The ATF withdrew and the FBI took over the operation. The resulting standoff lasted for several weeks, the Davidians were prepared for Armageddon and were well stocked with supplies and ammunition. On April 18, 1993, US Attorney General Janet Reno approved a tear gas assault. Nine minutes after the tear gas canisters were launched, multiple fires broke out in the compound with several Davidians fleeing the compound. When it was over, Koresh, 58 adults and 22 children were dead. In 1999, the FBI admitted to having used tear gas grenades in the assault. The incindiary nature of the grenades may have caused the fires.

http://img.imaginecasting.com/blog/waco.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 53 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1897, Alexander Winton organized the Winton Motor Carriage Company in Cleveland, Ohio. Winton had been making bicycles for a dozen years when the fiercely competitive Scotsman went into the fledgling automobile buisness. He wanted to race his own cars, a la Ranson E. Olds. In fact, a race to a draw between Winton and Olds in 1902 was the start of racing on Daytona Beach. In 1903, Winton set the land-speed record and became the first man to drive faster than a mile a minute. In 1903, Dr. Horatio Nelson Jackson became the first man to drive coast-to-coast and he did it in a used Winton that he bought in San Francisco to make the journey. Ford had defeated Winton in 1901, spreading the reputation of Ford, paving the way for the incorporation of Ford Motor Company and one of the competitors that would drive Winton out of the automobile business.

http://americanhistory.si.edu/onthemove/img/media/l/506.jpg
Alexander Winton and Henry Ford raced in 1901. At the end of the race,
after winning the contest, Ford jumped down from his car and said, "That's
the last time I do THAT!" and hired Barney Oldfield to drive for him.

...in 1961, President John F. Kennedy signed executive order #10924 that created the Peace Corps as a part of the State Department. The prototype of the Peace Corps was called the Point Four Youth Corps, proposed by Congressman Henry Reuss of Wisconsin in the late 1950s. Kennedy picked up on the growing support of the idea and made it part of his campaign platform. Today, more than 7,000 Peace Corps volunteers serve in more than 70 countries. Since 1961, more than 180,000 people are veterans of the Peace Corps and have served in over 134 nations.

...in 1692, Salem Village in Massachusetts Bay Colony was the location for the trials of Sarah Goode, Sarah Osborne and a slave, Tituba, accused of practicing witchcraft. Under pressure, Tituba confessed to the crime and the floodgates opened in the hunt for witches in the colony. It all began when 9 year old Elizabeth Parris and 11 year old Abigail Williams began experiencing fits. A doctor concluded they were under the spell of a witch. Over 150 men, women and even children were investigated for pracitcing witchcraft. In June, 1692, Justice William Stoughton began the Court of Oyer and Terminer (to hear and to decide) to judge the accused. 14 women and 4 men were hanged, and one man was executed by crushing. In October, Governor William Phipps of Massachusetts order the closure of the Court of Oyeer and Terminer and opening of the Superior Court of Judicature. The executions stopped and those awaiting trial were pardoned.

...in 1941, radio station W47NV, under the ownership of National Life and Accident Insurance Company which owned WSM-AM (think Grand Ol' Opry) began broadcasting in Nashville, Tennessee. Besides having the most un-sexy call letters in the market, it was the first station in the United States to transmit with frequency modulation, more commonly known as FM. Prior to that station going on the air, all broadcasting was done with amplitude modulation, of AM, which can carry for long distances but is prone to interference, static and cross-talk. FM is less susceptible to static and cross-talk but because FM signals are line-of-sight, the signal is limited in the distance it can carry. The signal actually travels in a straight line and because the earth is round, the signal continues off into space. (W47NV operated until about 1951 when the owners realized that hardly anyone in Nashville had FM receivers.)

...in 1917, the contents of the Zimmerman Telegram were published in the United States. It was a message from the German ambassador to Mexico proposing a Mexican-German alliance. The telegram was intercepted and decrypted by British Intelligence. The message suggested that if Mexico aligned with Germany, and Germany was victorious, it would restore Texas, New Mexico and Arizona to Mexico. (The land has been seded to the United States as part of the settlement of the Mexican-American War in the mid 19th Century.) The telegram helped sway public opinion to entering WWI, with Americans already incensed with German U-boats sinking unarmed American commercial ships. (Mexico realized this was an impractical offer as retaking the land would result in war with the United States and the only serious arms producer in the western hemisphere was the United States. Mexico formally refused the German offer on April 14, long after the US had entered the war.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Ztel1b.jpg

...in 1932, the first of several events labeled The Crime of the Century took place when Charles A. Lindbergh, Jr. was kidnapped from his second-floor nursery in the new mansion of Charles and Anne Morrow Lindbergh. On the night of March 1, the toddler was put to bed about 7 PM by Mrs. Lindbergh and the nanny, Betty Gow. Ms. Gow stayed with the baby until he was asleep, then went to check on him about 10. He was missing. A homemade ladder was found below the window, it was the perfect length to reach the window. A ransom note arrived, handwritten, fraught with mistakes. It demanded $50,000.00. Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf, superintendent of the New Jersey State Police was one of the authorities on the scene. (Yes, his name does sound familiar and yes, it's his father.) Lindbergh paid the ransom but the body of the "Little Eaglet" was found less than five miles from his home. Congress rushed a bill making kidnapping a federal offense. Authorities arrested a man named Bruno Hauptman, who was tried and convicted on flimsey evidence, but that wasn't the end of it. To this day, the Lindbergh kidnapping is still a topic of discussions and conspiracy therorists. It was also the inspiration for Agatha Christie's Murder on the Orient Express.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Lindbergh_baby_poster.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 60 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1917, Puerto Rico became a protectorate of the United States. The island state had been ceded to the US as part of the Trety of Paris that ended the Spanish-American War in 1898. The Jones-Shafroth Act made the island a protectorate and granted Puerto Ricans U..S. Citizenship. Of course, the act came about a month before the United States entered WWI, so those same citizens were eligible to join the military but not many did. When President Wilson enacted a draft, 20,000 Puerto Ricans were consigned. Many went to guard the Panama Canal but the 396th Infantry Regiment of Puerto Rico was formed in New York City and became known as the Harlem Hell Fighters. In WWII, Puerto Rico became an important army and naval base. In 1952, a new constitution declared the island a commonwealth under US protection. There were calls for complete independence from the US but just as many calls to apply for statehood. Today, it remains a commonwealth and protectorate.

...in 1807, Congress abolished the importation of slaves into the Untied States.

...in 1836, Texians declared their independence from Mexico, while the forces of Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna continued their siege of The Alamo in San Antonio. The fate of the 185 defenders of The Alamo was sealed and would be met on March 6. Meanwhile, Sam Houston was assembling a large force In April, the Houston army would overwhelm Santa Anna and win independence from Mexico. The Texians wanted to join the US as state, but anti-slavery forces did not want to admit a potential southern slave state. Until 1845, when Texas finally became the 28th state, it was the independent Republic of Texas.

...in 1929, the Jones Act was passed, the last gasp of Prohibition. In 1920, the Eighteenth Amendment was enacted, banning the importation, production and sale of alcoholic beverages. Prohibition was ineffective because it did not solve the root of the business of alcoholic beverages - demand in the marketplace. With legitimate sources eliminated, organized criminal elements stepped in to meet the demand. Alcohol was distilled within the country, however, the biggest source was from foreign spirits being smuggled in overland from Canada and Mexico and by sea from numerous sources. The Jones Act brought severe penalties to mariners who smuggled alcohol into the country. Within five years, the 19th Amendment would be repealed anyway, and alchohol once again flowed freely in the United States.

http://info.detnews.com/dn/history/prohib/images/boat.gif
Federal agents dump beer overboard in
August, 1929. More than 75% of illegally
imported alchol came over the Detroit River
to Detroit, even through an underwater pipeline.

...in 1925, the association called AASHO (American Association of State Highway Officials met in Washington, D.C. to create today's familiar federal highway numbering system. Prior to this date, there was a myriad of named highways and trails with a dizzying array of signs and color stripes. The new system of numbered highways followed a strategy of even numbers going east-west and odd numbers going north south. The lowest numbers were in the north and east, the numbers increasing in sequence to the south and west. It also called for the federal shield for the numbers that has evolved over the years to the black background signs in use today. (AASHO was renamed AASHTO, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, in 1973.)

http://www.wisconsinhighways.org/marker_images/routemarkers/US_marker_original.gif
The first federal highway shields
included the state name.

http://www.wisconsinhighways.org/marker_images/routemarkers/US_marker_1960s.gif
In the 1960s, the signs changed to
the black box background. The state
name was still on the signs along with
the outline graphics.

http://www.wisconsinhighways.org/marker_images/routemarkers/US_marker_wide.gif
As time went on, the state name was shortened to
an abbreviation then dropped entirely, along with all the
text and graphic outlines. Only the highway number
appears in today's signage.

The signs are courtesy of Christopher J. Bessert and his fascinating website, Wisconsin Highways (http://www.wisconsinhighways.org/). Even if you're not from Wisconsin, the site offers a lot of info about highways and links to similar sites that might be from your state. (He also maintains a similar site that offers similar information on Michigan Highways (http://www.michiganhighways.org/).)

...in 1904, Theodor Seuss Geisel was born in Springfield, Massachusetts. He was educated at Dartmouth where he edited the school's humor magazine. He went on to Oxford where he met his first wife, Helen Palmer, who convinced him to work as a professional artist. He returned the US and worked in magazines and advertising. He wrote a children's book, using his mother's maiden name (also his middle name) as Dr. Suess. (He also used the name, Theo. LeSieg for books he wrote but did not illustrate and wrote one as Rosetta Stone.) The book, entitled And to Think That I Saw It On Mulberry Street was rejected by more than two dozen publishers before being published in 1937. Just before the war, Geisel turned to polical cartooning and during the war, he drew posters for the government. In 1943, he joined the army and commanded the animation department for the motion picture unit. (He was the awarded the Legion of Merit.) In 1957, he had his first bestseller The Cat In the Hat, after his publisher asked him to use 220 new-reader words in something more fun than Dick and Jane. Dr. Seuss created many odd and memorable characters by penning many more favorite books, such as Yertle the Turtle, Fox in Socks, Horton Hears a Who, Green Eggs and Ham, If I Ran the Circus, One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish, Bartholomew and the Oobleck and the immortal How the Grinch Stole Christmas. Dr. Seuss lived and worked in an abandoned observatory in La Jolla, California that was known as "The Tower." He died in 1991, but not before he penned his going away gift for the generations of adults who grew up on his fantasy books, Oh, the Places You'll Go.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b5/Seuss-cat-hat.gif

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 56 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1887, Anne Sullivan began her education of Helen Keller. Keller had lost her sight and hearing as a result of a severe illness, perhaps scarlett fever, at the age of 19 months. Sullivan was a pioneer in educating through a technique called "touch teaching" as a way to get through to the Helen that was hidden deep within an uncontrollable little girl. Sullivan was able to break through, however, and taught Helen Keller to read and write, and went on with Helen to Radcliffe College, where she graduated with honors. Helen Keller became and internationally famous lecturer, an advocate for the blind and suffrage but also a promoter of socialism. Sullivan was dubbed "the miracle worker" and became the subject of a successful play that was later made into an Academy Award winning film starring Anne Bancroft as Sullivan and Patty Duke as Helen Keller. Both won Oscars for their performances. Helen Keller died at her home in Westport, CT. on June 1, 1968 at the age of 87.

...in 1931, The Star Spangled Banner by Francis Scott Key became the official national anthem of the United States, 117 years after it was written. Key wrote the lyrics on board a British ship on September 14, 1814, during the War of 1812. An American lawyer, he was being detained by the British. He witnessed the overnight British bombardment of Fort McHenry and after 1,800 bombs were lobbed into the American fort, Key was amazed to see the American Flag still flying. The lyrics were published in a Baltimore paper on September 20, and later set to a popular British tune called To Anacreon in Heaven. By default, The Star Spangled Banner became the national anthem, as it was adopted by most of the armed forces but it remained unofficial. President Woodrow Wilson made it the national anthem by Presidential Executive Order, but it was not until 1931 that Congress confirmed Wislon's order. President Herbert Hoover signed the bill on March 3.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Star-Spangled-Banner-1908-1919.jpg/180px-Star-Spangled-Banner-1908-1919.jpg
The Star Spangled Banner flag
that inspired Francis Scott Key

...in 1875, the first indoor hockey game was held in Montreal, Quebec at the Victoria Skating Rink. Since hockey had always been played outside, there were no real rules that determined the dimensions of the rink or even how many players comprised a team. By moving inside, to a confined space, some rules were needed to make the game safer and less chaotic. The next day, the Montreal Gazette reported that the game hosted 40 spectators. The game caught on like wildfire and in 1944, hockey was made the official Winter sport of Canada. (The first mechanically cooled ice rink was built in 1876 in London, and Frank Zamboni built the first ice resurfacing machine in Paramount, California in 1949.)

...in 1879, Congress established the United States Geological Survey. The organization was key in the settlement of the west and continues important work today. While the government had a great deal of knowledge of the outline of the west, there was little detail. At first, the USGS concentrated on potential mining areas and aided in the discovery of the Comstock Lode and the Leadville area of Colorado. Today, the USGS maintains a database of topographical maps as well as mineral, agricultural and hydraulic resources.

...in 1949, the Tucker Automobile Company officially went into receivership. Preston Tucker began building his stunning automobile after WWII, with a radical design by Alex Temulis. The car featured innovative safety devices that would all ultimately be part of automobile designs, including a padded dashboard and a third headlight that swiveled with the front wheels. Only 36 cars were built before Tucker was indicted on 31 counts of investment fraud. Many of the remaining parts were spirited out of the factory and an additional 15 cars were built. Four were destroyed and 47 are known to still exist. The company went into receivership, and while Tucker was cleared of all the charges, it was too little too late and Tucker's dream died on March 3, 1949.

http://www.tuckerclub.org/car_gallery/1048_01.jpg
Tucker #1048, last seen at the Hartford Heritage
Automobile Museum in Hartford, Wisconsin

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 70 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1868, Jesse Chisholm, noted merchant and trailblazer, passed away in Oklahoma from food poisoning. He is most remembered for creating the trail that bears his name, from Wichita, Kansas, to the Red River and through Texas, to the Gulf of Mexico. Chisholm was from Tennessee, his father was Scottish and his mother was Cherokee. (John Chisholm, famous for the Lincoln County War and his association with Billy the Kid had nothing to do with creating the Chisholm Trail. While both men were born in Tennessee, I cannot verify that Jesse and John were related.) In his 20s, Jesse Chisholm moved into (what is now) Arkansas and established a trading business. He reportedly spoke 14 dialects of Native American languages and helped him build a thriving business with the Cherokee, Osage, Kiowa, Comanche and Wichita. His fluency also helped him negotiate treaties between the US and Native Americans. He had a vast knowledge of the topography of the southwest, and he opened a trading post in Wichita, Kansas. He blazed a trail to Texas for his large, lumbering wagons. The Chisholm Trail rapidly became famous for it's gentle slopes and shallow fords. It soon became a cattle trail for Texas ranchers to drive their cattle to Wichita in order to meet up with the rail heads, allowing them to get their cattle to eastern markets. The cattle wore the trail into a grove below grade, as wide as 400 yards in some places and the trail can still be seen in many places. (The story of the cattle drives and the Chisholm Trail was the subject of a 1948 Howard Hawks film entitled Red River. It is a highly fictionalized telling of the story. Jesse Chisholm was not, himself, a cattleman. There is much confusion between Jesse and John Chisholm, and the fact that John Wayne played the lead in films about topics doesn't help any.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Jessechisholm.jpg
Jesse Chisholm (1805? - 1868)

...in 1902, the American Automobile Association was organized. The forerunner was the American Motor League but the membership of the AML was controlled by manufacturers. The AAA was formed to aid motorists and not automakers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/AAA_logo.svg/180px-AAA_logo.svg.png

...in 1888, Knute Rockne was born in Voss, Norway. He would immigrate to the United States with his family at the age of five. In Chicago, he learned to play football. In South Bend, Indiana, Rockne enrolled at Notre Dame but was a dismal failure at football. He concentrated on track and field and set a school record for indoor pole vault. Bolstered by his success in track, he went out for football again and became a star tight end. In 1917, he took over as the football coach and made Notre Dame into a powerhouse. A backfield of Harry Stuhldreher, Jim Crowley, Don Miller and Elmer Layden were known as the Four Horsemen of Notre Dame. He also coached George Gipp, who was the inspiration of the famous line, "Just win one for the Gipper." Rockne died in a plane crash in 1931. His record of 105-12-5 (.881) is unparalleled in college and professional football. (Also in South Bend, the Studebaker Company built a car named for the football genius. The Rockne did not do as well as his namesake, and was only built in 1932 and 1933.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Rock001-1-.jpg/150px-Rock001-1-.jpg
Knute Rockne (1888 - 1931)

...in 1952, Ernest Hemingway finished his novela The Old Man and the Sea. The book is an allegory of his about his struggles to maintain a normal life in the stress of fame and attention. Hemingway told his publisher it was his best work ever, to which critics agree, in fact, it won the 1953 Pulitzer Prize and was made into a memorable 1958 film by Howard Hawkes, featuring Spencer Tracy. It was Hemingway's last major work before he died, at his own hand, in 1961.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/73/Oldmansea.jpg/200px-Oldmansea.jpg

...in 1861, and in 1865, Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated as the 16th President of the United States.

...in 1933, as the Great Depression was deepening, Franklin Delano Roosevelt was inaugurated as the 32nd President of the United States. In his inaugural address, he outlined his plan to fight the depression in terms that sound eerily familiar today. He called for the wide expansion of the government, increased government labor and a large welfare state. Roosevelt was from a wealthy Hyde Park, NY family, which included his fifth cousin, Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt who was the 26th POTUS. In 1905, FDR was married to yet another cousin, Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, Teddy Roosevelt's niece. He was elected to the Senate in 1910, and was appointed by President Wilson as the assistant secretary of the navy. He was striken with poliomyelitis in 1921 and never did recover. It confined him to a wheelchair or huge braces. (There is an extant 4 second clip that shows FDR walking, the only photographic evidence of him walking that exists.) In retrospect, FDR never ended the Great Depression with is policies, in fact, as the economy was starting to recover in the mid '30s, his policies actually started a small recession. The depression ended with World War II because was is the ultimate consumer. His unprecedented election to a fourth term ended with his death of a cerebral hemorrhage in 1945, before the war ended. His 13 year term resulted in the passing of the 22nd Amendment to the Constitution that limits a president to two consecutive terms in office.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Roosevelt_inauguration_1932.jpg
Mr. and Mrs. Roosevelt at the inauguration.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 62 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1963, the Hula-Hoop was finally patented by the owners of the Wham-O Company, who took the market by storm with the plastic fad in 1958. Arthur "Spud" Melin was the co-founder of Wham-O in 1948. The name came from the sounds resulting from use of their first product, a sling-shot made to shoot meat to hunting falcons, the Wham-O being the sound of the bird snatching the meat from midair. The company made several other toys and sporting goods but their first hit was the Pluto Platter. The name was supposed to capitalize on America's fascination with flying saucers, but the Pluto Platter sold like crazy when it was renamed the Frisbee. The Hula-Hoop was introduced in 1958 and spread like wildfire in the first four months but soon dropped as the fad wore out. It never really died, though, and the Hula-Hoop continues to sell over 50 years later.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1c/SmirkusHulaHoops.jpg/180px-SmirkusHulaHoops.jpg
This is so unfair, I can't even work
one of the &%#@#! things.

...in 1946, Winston Churchill came to the United States to visit and to drum up support for a strong post-war alliance between the two countries. Churchill, after leading Great Britain through one of the darkest eras in English history, was inexplicably defeated in the election of 1945. He made a famous address at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri, with President Harry Truman on the dais with Churchill. It was here that he uttered one of his most famous lines, "From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent." (Alfred E. Neuman, in Mad magazine would say about two decades later, "If Communism is such a great thing, why don't they put up a picture window instead of an iron curtain?") Churchill's term, "Iron Curtain" immediately became part of the Cold War lexicon.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Churchill_with_Truman_1946.jpg
http://www.americanrhetoric.com/images/winstonchurchhillsinewsofpeacesmall.JPG
"From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the
Adriatic an 'iron curtain' has descended across
the Continent." --Winston Churchill on the
campus of Westminster College, March 5, 1946

...in 1962, actor George C. Scott declined the nomination for Best Supporting Actor in the Paul Neuman movie, The Hustler. Scott said awards were self-serving and meaningless. The Academy upheld the nomination although he did not win. In 1971, however, after declining the award, he won the Oscar for Best Actor, which he refused, for his greatest work ever. His portrayal of General George Patton, in Patton, is considered by many to be the best portrayal of anyone, in any motion picture, ever. Scott was also known for his notable performances in Anatomy of a Murder, Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb, The Flim-Flam Man, The New Centurians[/] and his Emmy nominated performance as Ebineezer Scrooge in the 1984 television film A Christmas Carol. George C. Scott died in 1999 at the age of 71.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Patton_Scott.jpg/180px-Patton_Scott.jpg
Scott as General Patton. He researched the
role extensively by studying films of Patton and
interviewing his associates. It is considered to be
one of the finest performances in the history of
cinema.

...in 1960, Elvis Presley was discharged from the army after serving his draft term. Before mustering in, he recorded enough material to keep a string of singles hitting the charts during his absence. Elvis died in 1977 of congestive heart failure. During his lifetime, earned 94 gold singles and over 40 gold LPs. He was one of the first ten inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

...in 1770, a mob of angry colonists, calling themselves Patriots, gathered at the Customs House in Boston to protest unpopular taxation on the colonies. British Captain Thomas Preston, the CO of the Customs House, ordered his guards to fix bayonets and join the outdoor guards. The Patriots threw snowballs at the British Regulars. Private Hugh Montgomery was hit by a snowball, and he discharged his weapon into the crowd. Other soldiers began firing and when the smoke cleared, five colonists were dead. These men are considered the first casualties of the Revolutionary War, although it did not really start until April 19, 1775. Meanwhile, patriots like John Adams and Paul Revere created a firestorm of outrage over The Boston Massacre, making it into a bigger event than it really was. Paul Revere's engraving of the event was widely distributed in the colonies and helped to build anti-British sentiment.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Boston_Massacre_high-res.jpg/350px-Boston_Massacre_high-res.jpg
Paul Revere's famous engraving of the event helped build
anti-British sentiment in the colonies, leading up to the
Revolutionary War that began April 19, 1775.

[I]That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 26 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1930, the Birds Eye Frosted Food Company began marketing quick-frozen foods to consumers around Springfield, Massachusetts in 18 selected stores. Clarence Birdseye was a New York City kid who went to work for the US government in order to pay his college tuition. While working as a field naturalist in Labrador, the Inuit taught him how to fish under very thick ice. In weather of -40º he found that the fish he caught froze almost instantly and tasted fresh when thawed. Food that was frozen at that time was done at higher temperatures which allows ice crystals for form and grow, damaging the tissue of the food that was being frozen. Colder temperatures did not allow larger ice crystals to form. Birdseye invented a machine that quickly froze boxed food between rollers. In 1929, he sold his patents and machinery to Goldman Sachs and the Postum Company for $22 million, a princely sum in 1929! When the sale of frozen food began in 1930, acceptance was high and the frozen food industry was born. Clarence Birdseye died in 1956 at the age of 69.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/US_Patent_1773079_%28Fig_1%29.jpg/250px-US_Patent_1773079_%28Fig_1%29.jpg
Clarence Birdseye's patented quick-freezing machine.

...in 1929, Scottish-American David Buick died in Detroit at the age of 74. He was a maker of plumbing products and perfected a method of enameling cast iron bathtubs. In the 1890's, he began to experiment with internal combustion engines. He sold his interest in the plumbing company and founded the Buick Auto-Vim and Power Company, where he developed his claim to fame, the "valve in head" engine. Having valves over the cylinders increased horsepower over the other configurations in use at that time. In fact, all engines today are variants of Buick's design. In 1903, he founded Buick Motor Company, which was later purchased by William Crapo Durant. Buick Motor Company became the cornerstone of General Motors. When he died of colon cancer in 1929, he was penniless, while Buick Motor Division had sold over two million Buicks.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/David_Dunbar_Buick.jpg/200px-David_Dunbar_Buick.jpg
David Dunbar Buick

...in 1899, Friederich Bayer & Company received a patent on acetylsalicyclic acid, under the brand name Aspirin. As a result of losing World War I, the Treaty of Versailles stripped Germany, and Bayer, of the trademarks for Aspirin and Heroin in the United States, France, Russia and the United Kingdom. Today, the word "aspirin" is a generic term and may be used in lower case. However, in Germany, Canada, Mexico and over 80 other countries, the term is a registered trademark of Bayer and must be used in uppercase with the trademark symbol in those countries.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/BayerHeroin.png/180px-BayerHeroin.png
An early Bayer ad for Aspirin, Heroin, Lycetol and Salophen

...in 1475, Michelangelo Buonarroti was born in Caprese, Italy, the son of a government administrator. He grew up in Florence, the center of early Renaissance art where his talent was noticed by Lorenzo de' Medici, ruler of the Florentine Republic and patron of the arts. He traveled to Bologna and Rome where he worked on his first important work, Pietý, which depicts Christ in the lap of the Virgin Mary. The two perfectly balanced figures were carved from a single block of marble. Once he completed David, a 17 foot statue from one block of marble, his reputation was forever made. In 1508, he was called back to Rome to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, his most famous work.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/The_Creation_of_Adam.jpg/800px-The_Creation_of_Adam.jpg
"Pull my finger."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 39 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1876, Don Ameche invented the telephone. Wait, that's not right. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. (Don Ameche played the inventor in the 1939 film, The Story of Alexander Graham Bell (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0031981/) and for many years afterward, the telephone was referred to by the slang name, "Ameche.") Bell had worked with his father, Melville Bell, to develop Visible Speech, a method of teaching the deaf to speak. Bell was fascinated by the concept of electrically transmitting speech. He was fascinated by Samuel Morse's invention of the telegraph that allowed messages to be transmitted instantly. The drawbacks were that messages were sent only one at a time and required delivery to and from a telegraph office. Bell wanted to invent a "harmonic telegraph" combining phonograph and telegraph technology. He used a diaphragm to convert speech to electrical signals and a matching diaphragm on the other end converted the signal to an audible sound. Bell's patent application beat a competing application, by Elisha Gray, by two hours. Gray, Thomas Edison and Western Union tried to develop a telephone system of their own, but Bell sued for patent infringement. The case went all the way to the Supreme Court, which upheld Bell's patent. It paved the way for the creation of the massive Bell Telephone System that grew into AT&T. (Bell also invented the metal detector in 1881, specifically to find the bullet lodged in the body of President James Garfield. The steel frame of his bed and the metal springs confused the device and skeptical doctors shooed him away.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/1876_Bell_Speaking_into_Telephone.jpg
Watson, come here. I want you.

...in 1936, Adolph Hitler thumbed his nose at the Treaty of Versailles by sending German troops into the demilitarized Rhineland. The Treaty of Versailles called for such stiff penalties and reparations that after the Germans were forced to sign it, they broke the pen. The treaty called for the German military to be stripped to insignificance and the Rhineland demilitarized. Two years later, the Nazis swallowed Austria and part of Czechoslovakia. In 1939, Germany overran Poland and started World War II.

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_PnjruCyyH70/SZEADSjIAJI/AAAAAAAAAMs/NW-TkxvFj4g/s400/1936%2Brhineland%2Binhabitants.jpg
Apparently, the inhabitants of the Rhineland were rather pleased to see the Nazis.

...in 1885, Kansas passed a law banning Texas cattle from March 1 to December 1 of every year. After the Civil War, ranchers in Texas wanted to get their cattle to the packing houses in St. Louis and Chicago. The best way to do that was to move cattle, via a cattle drive along the Chisholm Trail or other routes to Kansas, to the railheads at Abilene, Dodge City, Caldwell, Wllsworth, Hays and Newton. As Kansas aged and the image of the wild, wild west grew stale, local business owners were less impressed with dirty cattle and wild cowboys. Kansas recognized that agriculture was the future, not cattle, which added to the drive to ban cattle. Texas Longhorns were also immune to diseases spread by ticks that infested the cattle on the drives, infecting dairy cows. The winter window for cattle drives helped keep the spread of disease at bay. By the late 1880's cattle drives were pretty much done. Rail lines had been expanded to Texas and farms had stretched wire fences across the trails. The Kansas cattle quarantine became irrelevant by that point.

...in 1942, the first cadets graduated from the Tuskegee Flying School. The graduates of the Tuskegee Institute comprised the first African-American flying unit. They were known as the Redtails, for the distinctive paint on the vertical stabilizer of the units planes. The Tuskegee Airmen faced institutional racism that the unit fought as hard as they fought the Germans, but still distinguished themselves for their flying and fighting skills, earning the Distinguished Unit Citation. The unit earned wide respect, even the German Luftwaffe referred to them as "Schwarze Vogelmenschen" or the "Black Birdmen." At the end of the war, the Tuskegee Airmen were credited with 109 Luftwaffe aircraft shot down, a sunken destroyer and the destruction of uncounted fuel dumps, ammunition supplies, trains and trucks. The squadrons flew more than 15,000 sorties on 1,500 missions. Besides the Distinguished Unit Citations, the individual pilots were awarded many SIlver Stars, 150 Distinguished Flying Crosses, 8 Purple Hearts, 14 Bronze Stars and 744 Air Medals. 992 pilots were trained at Tuskegee, 445 were deployed overseas and 150 lost their lives in battle. It is claimed that the Redtails never lost a bomber that they escorted into battle. In 1948, President Harry Truman created the Air Force out of the Army Air Corps and desegregated the military, ending the run of the Tuskegee Airman. It was the end of a proud unit with a distinguished record.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Col_Benjamin_Oliver_Davis%2C_Jr.jpg/180px-Col_Benjamin_Oliver_Davis%2C_Jr.jpg
Colonel Benjamin O. Davis, Jr. was the
commander of the Tuskegee Airmen. Here he
is in Sicily with a P-47 Thunderbolt.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

If you're just hovering over the thread title and not opening this thread, you're missing out on some great stuff everyday! Meanwhile, there actually were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 45 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1983, in a speech to the National Association of Evangelicals in Florida, President Ronald Reagan pronounced the Soviet Union was an "...evil empire..." for the second time in his presidency. His hard line stance against the communists became known as the Reagan Doctrine. He said that the Soviets “must be made to understand we will never compromise our principles and standards [nor] ignore the facts of history and the aggressive impulses of an evil empire.” To do so would mean abandoning “the struggle between right and wrong and good and evil.” The swelling of the defense budget in the testing and production of the Strategic Defense Initiative, or SDI, was commonly referred to as Star Wars. It was greatly protested by some world leaders, especially the Soviet Union, knowing that SDI would give the United States the upper hand in the arms race. At the same time, the Soviets were spending their own defense rubles to try to keep up with the US and SDI. The weight of socialist economy of the communists eventually collapsed on itself and ended the Soviet Union once and for all.

...also in 1983, IBM released PC-DOS 2.0 and another evil empire almost collapsed. For you kids who have no idea how good you have it, follow this link (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7izdGf6LZjY) to see an IBM-PC boot up on PC-DOS 2.0.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2f/PC-DOS.svg/150px-PC-DOS.svg.png
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b8/PC-DOS_1.10_screenshot.png/280px-PC-DOS_1.10_screenshot.png
Oh, the memories.

...in 1936, the first race strictly for stock cars was held at Daytona Beach, Florida. The race was the impetus for today's NASCAR, although at the time, there would have been no race, and probably no NASCAR, if a garage owner named Bill France hadn't promoted the event. There had been a race in 1934, in which France finished fifth, but the event lost money and the city withdrew. The Elks convinced them to do it again in 1935 but again, the city lost money and pulled out. France and a local club owner took over promotion and made it a money-maker. There was no race during World War II. France sponsored races all over the south, and called one a National Championship race. A news editor questioned how it could be a championship with no sanctioning body, so he formed one. In 1947, racing officials came together to replace his organization with the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing. The first NASCAR race was held in Daytona Beach on February 14, 1948 and that story was told in the Morning Update for Valentine's Day (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index272.html#post617176). (Some say the first race at Daytona Beach was between Alexander Winton and Ransom E. Olds in 1902. that story was told in the Morning Update, February 26 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index272.html#post622489).)

...in 1917, the February Revolution began on this day in 1917 in the Russian capital of Petrograd (now St. Petersburg) when riots and worker strikes began over shortages of food. Most of Russia had lost faith in the Czar and his government, and they had just about had enough. Later, on March 11, the Petrograd garrison was called out to regain control. Some regiments opened fire, but many frustrated soldiers switched to the revolutionary side and supported the demonstrators. The Czarist government was forced to resign and the Czar abdicated the throne, ending four centuries of czarist rule of Russia.

...in 1959, three brothers named Leonard, Adolph and Julius appeared together on television for the last time that they would appear together. They were better known by their stage names, Chico, Harpo and Groucho Marx, who had started in Vaudeville and made the move to Hollywood in the 1930s. There were two other brothers, Gummo and Zeppo, who had also been in the act but left to open what would become the largest talent agency in Hollywood. The Marx Brothers starred in such notable movies as The Cocoanuts, Animal Crackers, Monkey Business, Horse Feathers, Duck Soup, A Night At the Opera, A Day at the Races, Room Service, At the Circus, Go West, The Big Store, A Night in Casablanca, and Love Happy. Groucho became a hit as a game show host on both the radio and television versions of a program called You Bet Your Life. In 1959, the three were filming a pilot for a television series that was called Deputy Shamus where Chico and Harpo would be bumbling angels, Groucho played their boss, Deputy Shamus, and would appear in every third episode. The pilot was never finished, Chico had arteriosclerosis and couldn't even remember his lines. in 1959, Harpo and Chico made a film called The Incredible Jewel Robbery for General Electric Theater with Groucho appearing in the last scene. Groucho continued to work after Chico and Harpo's deaths and even introduced Johnny Carson as the new host of NBC's The Tonight Show in 1962.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Marx_Brothers_1948.jpg/180px-Marx_Brothers_1948.jpg
Groucho, Chico and Harpo Marx in 1949.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

If you're just hovering over the thread title and not actually opening it every morning, you're missing out on some great stuff everyday! Meanwhile, there actually were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 58 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1959, Barbara "Barbie" Millicent Roberts was born at the American Toy Fair in New York City. Barbie's mother was Ruth Handler, the co-founder of Mattel, Inc. with her husband in 1945. Ruth noticed her daughter ignoring baby dolls to play with adult cut-outs and she saw a niche for a toy that led to grown-up make-believe. In Germany, a doll named "Bild Lilli" that was based on a comic strip character, was made as an adult gag gift but an increasing number of girls were playing with the dolls. Handler modeled Barbie after Lilli and named the doll for her daughter, Barbara. Mattel used television advertising to market Barbie, and by 1962, the demand was so high that Mattel introduced a boyfriend (Ken Carson, named after Handler's son) a best friend named Midge and a little sister named Skipper. Barbie's measurements (reported to be 39-21-33, one group of eating disorder critics says 38-18-34) draw ire along with her resume of over 100 careers like professional shopper, yoga instructor, astronaut, NASCAR driver and Air Force pilot. One career - Dallas Cowboy cheerleader - earned Barbie a special award called a TOADY, Toys Oppressive and Destructive to Young Children. Even though sales have dropped off, even at the age of 51, Barbie remains one of the most popular inspirations for both prom and drag queens.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Barbie_1959_First_Editions.jpg/463px-Barbie_1959_First_Editions.jpg
Happy birthday to you,
Happy birthday to you,
Happy birthday, dear Barbie!
Happy birthday to you!

...in 1938, Bob Hope made his first movie appearance in The Big Broadcast of 1938. In the film, he sang the song called Thanks for the Memories that was forever associated as Bob Hope as his theme song.

...in 1901, a fire broke out in the Olds Motor Works factory in Detroit. There is a legend that Olds employee, James Brady, pushed one prototype out of the burning building, all the other 11 were destroyed. The surviving car, an Olds Runabout, became popularly known as the "Curved Dash Olds" that put Olds on the map and even inspired a hit song, In My Merry Oldsmobile. The $650 horseless carriage was assembled from parts, designed by Olds, but built by the Dodge Brothers, Henry Leland (of Cadillac and Lincoln fame) and Fred Fisher, part of the family that built carriages and then automobile bodies for General Motors. Ransom E. Olds would later say that the fire was a miracle because the curved dash Olds put his company on the map.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/In_My_Merry_Oldsmobile_a2701-1-72dpi.jpeg/250px-In_My_Merry_Oldsmobile_a2701-1-72dpi.jpeg

...in 1862, the CSS Virginia encountered the USS Monitor in the first battle of iron-clad naval vessels in history. The CSS Virginia was actually christened the USS Merrimac as a steam powered frigate but was captured by the Confederates and rebuilt with an iron reinforced hull and renamed the CSS Virginia. The steam frigate was an unstoppable foe. The Navy watched her sink the Congress and Cumberland with impunity and quickly began a project to built the Merrimac with a steel reinforced hull to counteract the Confederate ship. They met on March 9, sharing direct hit after direct hit with no damage. The Virginia launched a cannon blast that hit the pilot house of the Monitor, blinding the captain and allowing the Virginia to escape, so the historic battle ended in a draw. Two months later, the Virginia was trapped in the Norfolk River. With no possible escape, the crew detonated ammunition to destroy the ship rather than allow it to fall into Union hands.

http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/h57000/h57830.jpg
The CSS Virginia in a wash drawing by Clary Ray, courtesy of US Navy Archives.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 71 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1964, at the River Rouge plant in Dearborn, Michigan, the first Ford Mustang was built on the assembly line. The car would not be introduced, nor shown to the public, until April 12 but Ford began production on this date. The Mustang was an attempt to capitalize on the first wave of the Baby Boomers who were coming of age and looking for something more sporty than a big hardtop. The world thinks that the Mustang was the brainchild of Lee Ioccoca, but his role was really that of salesman. The car was developed by Don Frey, the product manager, and his team. Iococca had to sell the project to upper management, to the marketing group and ultimately to the public. The upper management of Ford, including Henry himself, were fearful of a radical new product, as they were still smarting from the Edsel debacle. Ioccoca knew he needed to make it without a major investment, so he chose the Falcon platform but placed new sheet metal and greenhouse over the car. It was marketed as small, muscular and young, a vehicle to freedom and fun lifestyle. At a base price of $2,368.00 it attracted hoards to Ford showrooms and Mustangs sold as fast as Ford could build them. Caught completely unaware, the industry had to race to catch a part of the market. GM had to rush the Camero/Firebird to production, as did Chrysler with the Barracuda and AMC with the Javelin in order to compete in the new "pony car" class. The Mustang has been called a testament to one of the greatest salesmen to ever hit the automobile industry.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/1964_ford_mustang_coupe_sd_02.jpg
The 1964-1/2 Ford Mustang

...in 1902, the case of Edison v. American Mutoscope Company was decided by the US Court of Appeals. Despite his claims, the court ruled that Edison did not invent the motion picture camera. As a consolation, the court ruled that Edison invented the perforations on film that allowed a sprocket system to move film reliably through the camera and projector.

...in 1918, Harry, Albert, Sam and Jack Warner, former owners of a nickelodeon company in Newcastle, Pennsylvania, released their first film, Four Years in Germany, as the Warner Brothers. The World War I story was made on a budget of $50,000 and grossed $1.5 million. It convinced the brothers that they should concentrate on production rather than distribution, as they had done up to that point. The studio did not incorporate until 1923 and and was on the fringe of the industry until 1927. It was 1927 that the Warners released The Jazz Singer, the first movie with sound.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/95/WarnerBrosStudios-1920.jpg/180px-WarnerBrosStudios-1920.jpg
Warner Brothers Studios

...in 2006, the Cuban national baseball team played in the first World Baseball Classic. The Cubans played Puerto Rico, a team made up of American Major League All-Stars. The Cuban team was made up of unknowns that worked a $15 a month day job and played baseball at night. Puerto Rico defeated the Cubans, 12-2 but the event was far from over. In addition to the Puerto Rican team, the tournament also fielded teams from United States, Dominican Republic and Venezuela. The combined salaries of the professional players for the teams was $471 million, compared to the unknown Cubans. The game of baseball has been popular in Cuba since it was brought in by the Americans in the mid 19th Century. Even Fidel Castro was in the minor leagues before he led the revolution in Cuba. After the revolution, Fidel Castro abolished professional baseball and created a state-run athletic program, a la the Soviet Union. The Cuban teams have all done very well in international play, in fact, the Cubans won the gold medal at the Olympics in 1992, 1996 and 2004, and the silver medal in 2000 and 2008. Meanwhile, in the 2006 World Baseball Classic, the Cuban team defeated Puerto Rico to make it to the finals. There, they lost to Japan, a team that plays the same style of hustle ball that Cuba does. Japan featured pitcher Daisuke Matsuzaka and Ichiro Suzuki, who plays for Seattle.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Cuba_Baseball.jpg/180px-Cuba_Baseball.jpg
The Cuban National Team before the 2006
International Cup gold medal game against
The Netherlands.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 58 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1901, a newspaper report in the Cincinnati Enquirer said that John McGraw, manager of the Baltimore Orioles, had signed an unknown ballplayer by the name of Chief Tokohama. He was later revealed to be Charlie Grant, a very talented 2nd baseman who also happened to be an African-American. McGraw saw an huge, untapped resource of talented ballplayers in the Negro Leagues, unable to play in the all-white Major Leagues. He was attempting to break the color barrier, 46 years before it finally did happen. McGraw was often seen in the stands at Negro League games, taking notes on players and strategies. He set up numerous exhibition games between the Orioles and Negro League teams. In 1917, Smokey Joe Williams pitch struck out 20 batters in a game, had records been kept of the exhibitions, the 20 K performance would have stood as a record for 69 seasons. Bob Feller, Ted Williams, Dizzy Dean, Paul Waner and Jimmie Foxx barnstormed with the Negro Leagues until they were finally integrated into the Major Leagues in 1947. By the way, it was Charlie Comisky of the Chicago White Sox who revealed the true identity of Chief Tokohama and blew the whistle on McGraw. As hard as he worked for integration, McGraw died in 1934, 13 years before Jackie Robinson took the field for the Brooklyn Dodgers.

http://bss.sfsu.edu/tygiel/hist490/19thcprofessional/19thcphotos/19thCrace/CGRANT%5B1%5D.jpg
Charlie Grant, aka Chief Tokohama

...in 2004, 191 people died and about 2,000 were injured when 10 bombs exploded on four trains in Madrid. The bombs had been detonated by cell phones. The deadliest attack in Europe since the Lockerbie bombing were thought to be the acts of a Basque separatist group. Many saw the attacks as a message of protest against Spain's participation in the Iraqi war, and the attacks took place two days before a Spanish national election. The anti-war Socialist were swept into power and Spain pulled out of the coalition. A second bombing was attempted on April 2, but it failed and it led to a raid on the bombers. Seven committed suicide during the raid, 29 were arrested. A memorial to the bombing victims was placed in El Retiro park in Madrid, a forest of olive and cypress trees.

...in 1950, closing a 26 year run on radio, Chicago's National Barn Dance aired for the last time. The live stage show drew over 1,000 people each week to watch the show go out over the NBC Radio network. It was the brainchild of George D. Hays, an announcer who left Memphis to take a job with the new Chicago station, WLS. The National Barn Dance started as a local show on April 19, 1924, the first Saturday night after WLS went on the air. It was picked up by NBC in 1929. Hays left the station in 1925 and moved to Nashville's WSM where he helped create The Grand Ol' Opry.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0a/Barndance.jpg/250px-Barndance.jpg
WLS National Barn Dance advertising card.

...in 1927, the first armored car robbery in history took place seven miles outside of Pittsburgh. The Flatheads Gang placed a mine that exploded under the car, badly injuring the five attendants and allowing the gang to steal $104,250.00 or payroll cash.

...in 1997, Paul McCartney became Sir Paul in a ceremony at Buckingham Palace. The famous musician said he was nervous but Queen Elizabeth made him feel quite comfortable about it all. McCartney, of course, used to belong to a band from the northern seaport of Liverpool that was known as The Beatles. He once said his major influence was Bill Haley and The Comets. He saw them "...on the telly" and then scraped up 24 shillings to see them live. "I knew there was something going on here." He certainly did.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/PaulMcCartney60s.jpg/180px-PaulMcCartney60s.jpg
Paul McCartney, circa 1964

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 63 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1933, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt made his first of 30 Fireside Chats to the American radio audience. While they were simply addresses from the White House broadcast on radio, and from no where near a fireplace, the addresses became known as "Fireside chats." His first address started directly with, "I want to talk for a few minutes with the people of the United States about banking." FDR has instituted a four day bank holiday (something the Democrat controlled Congress would not give President Hoover one month before) in order to relax pressure on the banks remaining after 9,000 had failed. He asked people to not panic and withdraw all their money, because worrying about bank failure would be the very thing that caused it. At that point in 1933, the Great Depression was in it's deepest abyss with somewhere between 25 and 33% of the American workforce unemployed. FDR used the fireside chats to explain his New Deal policies that were also under fire from business, conservatives and other groups. Later, he would use the chats to explain his war policies. The White House received thousands of letters from Americans, acting as if FDR had come into their homes and spoken directly to them. It was a chance that FDR took to rely on a relatively new medium and it was one that paid off for him.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/FDRbankingact.jpg
FDR signs the Emergency Banking Act

...in 1923, the first film with sound on the film itself, called the Phonofilm, was demonstrated by the inventor, Lee de Forest. Prior to de Forest's invention, sound with film was either provided by live musicians (usually a piano or an organ) or a synchronized phonograph. Thomas Edison had demonstrated his Kinetophongraph as early as 1889, using his phonograph synchronized to films projected from his Kinetoscope. De Forest's invention of sound on film was a breakthrough, and it was aquired by Fox that was then called Movietone. The other studios elected to stay away from sound films until a standard was adopted. The competing Movietone and Warner's Vitaphone were not compatible. Warner broke the market first with a sound movie, Don Juan in 1926 that had music but no dialog, followed by the incredibly successful The Jazz Singer (1927) which had music and dialog. Since only about 200 movie theaters had the Vitaphone system, Warner's had to release a silent version of the film as well.

...in 1903, the New York Highlanders joined the fledgeling American League. The team moved to New York from Baltimore, where they were known as the Orioles. Fans referred to the Highlanders, charter members of the American League, as the Yankees, so the owners gave up and changed the name to Yankees in 1913. Meanwhile, the American League Milwaukee Brewers moved to St. Louis where they became the Browns. In 1954, the Browns then moved to Baltimore and adopted the name, Orioles. The Yankees, meanwhile, became the most successful franchise in professional sports.

...in 1831, Clement Studebaker was born in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. With his brother, Henry, the Studebakers opened a blacksmith shop in South Bend, Indiana. The brothers made their fortune building wagons for the US Army during the Civil War, and the Studebaker Brothers Manufacturing Company went on to become the largest wagon builder in the world. (Brother John Studebaker made his fortune in the 1849 Gold Rush in California - by building and selling wheelbarrows to the miners. He returned to South Bend to invest his earnings in the family wagon business.) The Studebakers would convert to building automobiles after the turn of the 20th Century. They built large, beautiful and powerful automobiles and in WWII, continued building materiel for the war effort. The post war automobile business was very competitive, however, and the Studebaker Company stopped building cars in 1966. Parts of the company still exist but the name, sadly, is long lost. (UPDATE: There is a Studebaker Motor Company based in Fort Worth, Texas. It does not appear to be affiliated with the Studebaker family, but the company intends to build scooters and automobiles.)

http://www.sil.si.edu/ondisplay/studebaker/thumbnails/SIL28-40-03.jpg
The Studebaker Factories, circa 1922
From the collections of the Smithsonian Institution

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 63 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1944, Charles E. "Cast Iron Charlie" Sorensen left Ford Motor Company, ending a career that spanned four decades. In the early days of Model T production, Sorensen took Henry Ford to an unused floor of the Picquette Avenue Plant. There, he tied a rope to a Model T frame and dragged it across the floor while workers attached parts to the frame. Sorenson was emulating the motion of a car coming to the workers, instead of the workers going to the car, which was the preferred method of automobile production at the time. Not long after, the famous Ford assembly line was created. Sorensen was the driving force behind the creation of the Model A driveline and the one-piece casting of the V8, which earned him the nickname of "Cast Iron Charlie." His crowning achievement at Ford was the conception, construction and management of the Willow Run Plant, where Ford Motor Company built B-24 Liberator bombers at the rate of one per hour - an unparalleled feat in the history of the aircraft industry. With the success of Willow Run, however, came fame. Sorensen had made a career of staying in the background, allowing Henry Ford to take the credit and bask in the spotlight but the success of the Willow Run Plant brought Sorenson media attention. In 1943, after the death of Edsel Ford, Henry promoted Harry Bennet above Sorensen. He graciously resigned after he realized that he had fallen from favor and his career at Ford Motor Company was over.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/CharlesESorensen_B-24LiberatorFacto.jpg
Charles E. "Cast Iron Charlie" Sorensen

...in 1960, after the completion of a woeful 2-10 season, the Chicago Cardinals football team moved to St. Louis. The Chicago Cardinals were a part of the National Football League from the beginning, when they played in Racine, Wisconsin as the Racine Cardinals. With the move to Comiskey Park, they became the Chicago Cardinals and the south side rival to the Chicago Bears. The Cardinals had some success over the decades, but in the 1950s the team's fortunes continued to decline. It was obvious they would always be Chicago's "other team" so they packed up their sticks and moved to St. Louis, were they would stay until 1988 when they moved to Arizona.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/57/Chicago_cardinals.png

...in 1970, Digital Equipment Corporation, or DEC, introduced the PDP-11 minicomputer to replace the venerable PDP-8. The 16-bit minicomputer was a popular device in it's day but by the end of the 1980s, minicomputers were all replaced by microcompters, more commonly known as PCs. The entire New England computer industry, led by DEC, Wang Laboratories, Apollo, and others was pretty much gone.

http://www.hschumacher.de/assets/images/db_images/db_decPDP11-343.jpg
A DEC PDP-11/34 (Programed Data Processor).

...in 1925, the State of Tennessee outlawed the teaching of evolution in the public schools. The passage of the law set the stage for Inherit the Wind (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0053946/), the Scopes Monkey Trial.

...in 1942, the US Army Quartermaster Corps began training dogs for the newly formed K-9 Corps. During WWI, about a million dogs were used by both sides to run messages. The most famous of these dogs was an abandoned puppy, just days old, found in a German bunker in France in 1918. Rin Tin Tin and his sister, Nannette, were taken to Hollywood. (They were named for finger puppets that were given as good luck charms to American soldiers in France.) Rin Tin Tin first starred in a film called The Man from Hell's River. The German Shepherd breed was little known before Rinty, he made the breed very popular. (He was a staple at Warner's, made 27 films and had 18 stand-ins before his death in 1932.) Perhaps Rin Tin Tin had an influence on the K-9 Corps as the German Shepherd was one of seven breeds considered by the QMC, along with Dobermans, Belgian Shepherds, Collies, Siberian Huskies, Malumutes, and Eskimo dogs. Once past basic training, the dogs were specialized as sentries, scouts and patrol dogs, messengers or as mine detectors. The "Top Dog" of World War II was Chips. Perhaps inspired by Rinty, Chips broke away from Pvt. John P. Rowell, his handler, and attacked an Italian pillbox. He caused so much mayhem that the entire crew surrendered to him. Wounded, Chips was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, Silver Star and Purple Heart. The Army brass later took his medals away, claiming that the army did not allow animals to be given commendation, the curmudgeons. The defended their decision by declaring Chips to be "equipment." Disney made a biography in 1990 entitled Chips the War Dog.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/edward-a-bellande-with_rin-tin-tin-.jpg
Rin Tin Tin (Left) and Edward A. Bellande

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/K9_051605.jpg
Chips, the decorated war dog, had
his medals stripped when US Army
brass decided Chips was "equipment."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 49 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1950, the FBI today introduced the "Ten Most Wanted Fugitives" in an attempt to make wider public awareness of the dangerous criminals that are at large. The list grew out of a news story in 1949 that talked about the "toughest guys" that the FBI was looking for. There was a great deal of positive public reaction, including unsolicited tips, that J. Edgar Hoover approved a plan to publish the list. Between 1950 and 2007, 420 of the fugitives who made the list were captured, more than 120 of them as a direct result of tips from the general population. About the only way a crook can get off the list is to be captured or to die. The FBI also works closely with Fox's America's Most Wanted to publicize the whereabouts of felons at large.

http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/images/topten_nov2008.jpg
The Current Ten Most Wanted list. Click on this link
to read about the current Ten Most Wanted (http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten/fugitives/fugitives.htm). Note that Osama bin Hidin' is still on there.

...in 1976, Busby Berkeley died in Palm Springs. He had been retired from the film industry since the 1950s when the golden era of Hollywood musicals came to and end. Berkeley was born to a stage director and actress, and was on the New York stage at the age of 5. He went to military school, served in WWI, then started working on Broadway where he quickly rose to become a top choreographer. In the 1920's, his work caught the attention of Samuel Goldwyn, who convinced him to try a movie in 1930, including the only musical, Kiki, for America's Sweetheart, Mary Pickford. He jumped to Warner Brothers where his reputation for more than elaborate dance routines with geometric shapes and complex patterns came to be. He began the technique of filming the dance numbers from overhead, showing off elaborate (and sometimes suggestive) costumes that delighted depression-era audiences. When the age of the musical was over, he had done choreography for more than two dozen movies and he directed 20 more himself. Some of his favorites included Girl Crazy (noted for the "I Got Rythm" number) Babes on Broadway (1941) Million Dollar Mermaid (1952 with Esther Williams) and Rose Marie (1954.) He came out of retirement to do the choreography for the revival of No, No Nanetter on Broadway in 1971. He is fondly remembered for his extravagent choreography that has been emulated, but never equaled. (Dom DeLuise even paid him homage in Blazing Saddles.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/80/Footlight_Parade_Waterfall.jpg
The "By A Waterfall" number in the 1933 film
Footlight Parade used one of the largest
soundstages ever built. Warner's built it specifically
for Berkeley's production numbers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Dames_production.jpg/262px-Dames_production.jpg
Berkeley's choreography usually used geometric patterns,
like this one from Dames (1934) filmed from above to show
the intricate patterns.

...in 1879, Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany. When he was growing up, as it turns out, Einstein was no Einstein, he had a great deal of trouble with school until he found the study of math and physics at the Federal Polytechic Academy in Zurich. After becoming a Swiss citizen, he earned his Ph.D. while working at the Swiss patent office. It was 1905 that became his annus mirablis, the miracle year, when he published five papers that would forever change the direction of the study of physics. His theory that light is made up of small particles, photons, while acting together as a swave, earned him the 1921 Nobel prize for physics. Two of his papers mathematical proof of the existence of atoms, which was still in disupte at the time. The fourth paper outlined his special theory of relativity, where he explained that space and time are fluid and relative to the position of the observer. The fifth paper was where he explained that mass and energy have a relationship, and that energy is equal to the mass of an object times the square of the speed of light in a vacuum. The conversion of mass to energy was the basis of the atomic bomb, and after its creation and use, Einstein spent the rest of his life working for peace. In a bizarre twist to the Einstein legacy, when he died, his brain was removed from his body, without his family's permission. Thomas Stoltz Harvey removed and preserved his brain for future study by pathologists to try and determine what made him so intelligent. This fact was kept secret until 1978 when a journalist discovered the brain in Dr. Harvey's possession.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Citizen-Einstein.jpg/180px-Citizen-Einstein.jpg
Albert Einstein (1879 - 1955) receiving his
American citizenship papers in 1940.

http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51JHRDDNZ4L._BO2,204,203,200_PIsitb-sticker-arrow-click,TopRight,35,-76_AA240_SH20_OU01_.jpg
The story of Einstein's brain was described in a book
by Michael Paterniti. It is a very interesting read!

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Welcome to the Ides of March. There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 44 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 44 BC, despite warnings from soothsayers, Julius Caesar was stabbed by 60 conspirators, led by Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus on this, The Ides of March. Caesar was born in the Julii family, a Roman artistocratic family of not much importance in 78 BC. He rose to prominance in the anti-patrician Popular Party for his reformist ideals and speaking skills. Caesar raised a private army and became an ally of Pompey, the leader of the Popular Party, and took over the party when Pompey was sent out of Rome in 67 BC to lead the Eastern Roman Army. In 64 BC, he was appointed "pontifex maximus" (most high priest) and in 63 BC he became the governor of Spain, then returned to Rome, ambitious for the position of Consul, the highest office in Rome, and in 59 BC was elected to the post. He won a civil war and in 45 BC was elected dictator for life. The conspirators were afraid that Caesar would be the end of the Roman Republic and conspired to assasinate him, which occured on this date in 44 BC. The result was not what the conspirators wanted, after another civil war, Caesar's grand-nephew Octavian, emerged as Caesar Augustus, the first Roman Emporer, and the republic was forever lost.

(The Ides of March is the first day of the Roman New Year. It also marks the first day of spring in the Roman calendar. One of the good things Julius Caesar did was to impliment the Julian Calendar. Under the dictate of Pope Gregory XIII in 1582, the Julian calendar was adjusted to correct for 16 centuries of leap year errors, remarkably only three days. Although now commonly referred to as the Gregorian Calendar, it is essentially the very same calendar put into use by Julius Caesar. He renamed the month of Quantilis to Juli in his own honor, and stole one day from Februus to make his month 31 days long and seem more important. His great-nephew Augustus did the same thing, renaming the month of Sextilis to Augustus and hijacking a day from Februus to make his month 31 days.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Cesar-sa_mort.jpg/300px-Cesar-sa_mort.jpg
The Morte di Giulio Cesare (Death of Caesar)
by Vincenzo Camuccini

...in 1911, the son of the man who invented the internal combustion engine incorporated his own aircraft company. Gustav Otto incorporated Gustav Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik Muchen to build airplanes. He would later merge his company with Karl Rapp's firm, Rapp Motorenwerke, to form the Bayerische Motoren-Werke, more commonly known as BMW. In fact, there is a legend that the BMW logo is supposed to represent the aircraft days, the white representing a prop cutting through the blue sky, but BMW denies this.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f9/BMW_Logo.svg/160px-BMW_Logo.svg.png

...in 1917, Czar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate the throne of Russia in the face of the February Revolution. The February Revolution began in March (Huh? See note below) the Russian army first defended the Czar but eventually fell in with the striking workers of Petrograd (now St. Petersburg) and the Czar had no choice but to abdicate. He and his family were held in Czarskoye Selo Palace, later in Yekaterinburg Palace in Tobolsk where they remained while Lenin's Bolsheviks took power in 1918. The Bolsheviks were concerned with a potential rescue of the czar, so the entire family and servants were shot to death on July 16, 1918. (See Morning Update, February 2 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index271.html#post611658) for the story of Anastasia, the youngest daughter of the deposed czar.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3d/Tsar_Nicholas_II_-1898.JPG/210px-Tsar_Nicholas_II_-1898.JPG
Nicholas II, Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias

Note: The reason that the February Revolution began in March was because, at the time, Russia had not adopted the Gregorian Calendar and was still using the Julian Calendar, as described above.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

This is a very significant day in American military history. Many of you only hover your mouse over the title, read the opening lines then move on, but I implore you to open today's message and take it to heart. Meanwhile, there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 69 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1926, the first liquid fueled rocket was launched, launching with it the dreams that space travel was within reach of those who dared to dream it. Before this flight, space travel was impossible. A solid-fuel rocket, once fired, stops only when the fuel is expended. It is burned out at that point and cannot be relit. A liquid fuel rocket can be stopped and restarted, a necessary trait for space travel. Robert H. Goddard's liquid fuel rocket was launched from Auburn, Massachusetts and reached a height of 41 feet in 2-1/2 seconds, it reached a speed of 60 MPH and landed 184 feet downrange. The rocket was certainly not the first rocket built or launched, the Chinese built military rockets in the 13th Century using gunpowder but it seems they built fireworks rockets even before that. There were military rockets in use in Europe sometime in the 13th Century. A British rocket barrage during the War of 1812 inspired Francis Scott Key to write the Star Spangled Banner and British engineers made several advancements in rocket technology in the 19th Century and in 1903, a Russian inventor by the name of Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky published a paper about rocket science, that perhaps, Robert Goddard might have read. Goddard was fascinated with space travel as a boy, influenced by H.G. Wells and others. He proved rockets could operate in a vacuum and patented the concept of a multi-stage, liquid fueled rocket. In 1919, Goddard's work, A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes was published by the Smithsonian. The press ridiculed his theories, in fact, the The New York Times said in 1920 that Goddard "lack[s] the knowledge ladled out daily in high schools" because he believed rockets could operate in space. (The Times retracted the statement three days before Neil Armstrong walked on the moon in 1969.) Goddard continued his work without government support in Roswell, New Mexico until he died in 1945. (The American government didn't seem very interested in Goddard's work, but the Germans did, and Wehrner von Braun used Goddard's efforts to design his own rockets, for the Nazis, that were used against the British during WWII.) Today the Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland is named in his honor.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Goddard_and_Rocket.jpg/250px-Goddard_and_Rocket.jpg
Robert Hutchings Goddard and the first liquid-fueled
rocket launched, March 16, 1926.

...in 1802, Congress authorized the founding of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York for the express purposed of training young men in the theory and practice of military sciences. Today, the academy is usually referred to simply as West Point. The academy is located on the west side of the Hudson River, on a high bluff that was the location of a strategic Revolutionary War fort. It was General Benedict Arnold who was in command of the fort and tried to sell its surrender to the British for the sum of £6,000, but the plot was uncovered before it could unfold and Armold became America's first and most notorious traitor. West Point's saddest era was when graduates faced off against one another during the Civil War, however, it has been the school of some of the most brilliant military minds ever, civil engineers, business and civic leaders, and two Presidents of the United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/USMA_Aerial_View_Looking_North.jpg/180px-USMA_Aerial_View_Looking_North.jpg
The United States Military Academy
at West Point, New York.

...in 1958, the Ford Motor Company built its 50,000,000th automobile, a Thunderbird. (In 1966 on this date, General Motors built its 100,000,000th car.) While GM was always a conglomerate of many car companies, Ford was a family run business that did not go public until the 1950s, more than 50 years after its founding. (Some sources claim the 50 millionth Ford was a Galaxie, built in 1953. It all depends on which source you want to believe.)

...in 1945, the fighting came to an end on Iwo Jima. The intense battle for the mass of volcanic rock in the Pacific Ocean began in February 1944 with constant bombing of the island. The island is hallowed ground for Marines, the most sacred place on earth for this was the largest, longest and most fierce amphibious landing in the history of modern warfare.
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/IwoJima/lbattle-1.gif
The battle actually began in June of 1944 when US Navy planes made several bombing runs on the island, as if to drop a calling card on the Japanese forces there. Planning for the massive invasion began in October, 1944. On December 8, 1944, the navy began 74 straight days of bombardment of the island, from air and shipboard artillery.
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/IwoJima/USS_New_York-11.jpg
The USS New York was part of the pounding of Iwo Jima before the landing. Unknown to the Americans,
the bombardment had little effect on the Japanese forces that were burrowed in
underground, in 16 miles of tunnels built in preparation for this day.

On February, 19, 1945, the Fourth and Fifth Marines landed on the island and established a foothold on the beach. The volcanic sand has no body to it, and the digging of foxholes was virtually impossible with sand filling in the hole with each shovelful taken. The marines never saw a Japanese soldier, they were all underground in 16 miles of tunnels dug into the rock. Unknown to the marines, each time the personnel in a pillbox were killed, another group simply climbed up from a tunnel and replaced their fallen comrades. On February 23, an American flag was planted on Mt. Suribachi but the island was far from secure. The intense fighting continued well into March. On March 16, the last organized Japanese resistance mounted an ill-fated attack and was instantly crushed. When the last marines left the island in April, of the 110,000 US Marines that landed, 19,189 were wounded and 6,821 had died. Of the 22,786 men in the Japanese garrison, 21,703 were killed and 1,083 were captured. With over 130,000 US and Japanese troops on the island, Iwo Jima was the most densely populated 7-1/2 mile stretch of land in the world.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/USMC-M-IwoJima-cvr.jpg/300px-USMC-M-IwoJima-cvr.jpg
The invasion began on February 19, 1945.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Sixth_Fleet_during_invasion_of_Iwo_Jima.jpg/180px-Sixth_Fleet_during_invasion_of_Iwo_Jima.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Marines_burrow_in_the_volcanic_sand_on_the_beach_o f_Iwo_Jima.jpg/180px-Marines_burrow_in_the_volcanic_sand_on_the_beach_o f_Iwo_Jima.jpg
The largest amphibious assault in history was made here. Marines dug in on the beach.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/IwoJima/lbona-1.gif
FDR picked up the New York Times one morning and saw the Joe Rosenthal photograph, again, and sensing a PR masterpiece, ordered that the six men in the photo be brought home for a War Bond Tour. Three of the flag raisers were already dead, and by the time they got to Washington, so was President Roosevelt. Here, John Bradley, Rene Gagnon and Ira Hayes explain the photo to President Truman. (Gagnon is pointing to himself.) The fifth man is unidentified. The 7th Bond Tour raised $24 Billion, the largest bond tour ever. Just how big was it? The total US Budget in 1946 was $56 Billion.

See Morning Update, February 23, 2009 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index272.html#post620779) for more about the flag raising over Mount Suribachi and the Battle of Iwo Jima.

For several years now, there has been a story flying around the Internet about a group of Wisconsin students, on a bus tour, who stopped at the Marines Memorial in Arlington, Virginia, where James Bradley gave an impromptu talk about Iwo Jima. The story is true, although, some paragraphs have been added that were not part of the original story. Please, take a quick visit to The Boys of Iwo Jima (http://www.snopes.com/military/sixboys.asp) and read the article there.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 51 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1762, the first St. Patrick's Day parade was held - not in Dublin, but in New York City, New York. Irish emigrants to the United States, often coming over as indentured servants, brought the tradition of celebrating the Feast of St. Patrick on March 17 each year. As Irish populations swelled across the United States, so did the tradition and today, millions celebrate St. Patrick's Day in the United States, where the day is a big deal, far bigger than in Ireland itself.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2f/Stpatrick.jpg/150px-Stpatrick.jpg
St. Patrick, the
Patron Saint of Ireland.

...in 1905, former President Teddy Roosevelt, a Republican, gave away his niece in marriage, Ann Eleanor Roosevelt, to his cousin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. (Both Democrats.) It was a less than happy marriage, in fact, Eleanor was devastated to learn in 1918 that FDR was having an affair with her secretary, Lucy Mercer. Eleanor was going to leave Franklin, but such a breakup would have ended his political career. His mother convinced Eleanor to stay in the marriage, using the Roosevelt wealth as a lever. She stayed with him but they lived separate lives while maintaining a fascade of marital bliss for political purposes. More rumors of romantic intrigue surrounded both for years. As First Lady, Eleanor was active in numerous do-gooder causes, which she continued after FDR's death in 1945. Eleanor lived until 1962.

...in 1901, 71 paintings by Vincent van Gogh were displayed in Paris at the Bernheim-Jeune Gallery to world wide acclaim. Just eleven years prior, while living in Paris, van Gogh committed suicide, convinced his paintings were worthless and his life a waste. He sold only one painting during his lifetime. (In 1987, Yasuda Sunlowers sold for $40 million at Christie's.

http://www.vangoghgallery.com/painting/images/thumbnail/sunflowers.jpg
Sunflowers sold for $40 million in 1987.

http://www.vangoghgallery.com/catalog/image.aspx?fn=images/0612.jpg
Stary Night is one of his most beloved paintings and certainly my favorite.

...in 461, St. Patrick perished in London. He was born c. 387 in Wales, and when he was about 16 he was kidnapped and taken to Ireland as a slave. He escaped, returned to his family and entered the church. He returned to Ireland as a missionary and converted most of Ireland to Catholocism. His death is believed to have been on March 17, 461 and the Feast of St. Patrick is held on this date to remember his deeds. Part of the legend says that St. Patrick used the shamrock as a teaching tool, the three leaves of the shamrock were said to represent the Trinity, and the shamrock remains a universal symbol of Ireland. The history of Ireland since the time of St. Patrick is filled with violence, political upheaval and civil unrest. The Catholic Irish and the Protestant Irish have been at each other for centuries, the Protestants are usually thought to descend from the British rulers. The flag consists of three colors, green white and orange. The green represents the Catholics, the orange the protestants and the white symbolizes the peace that separates the two. So don't hate those who wear orange on St. Patrick's day, they are showing their Irish roots, too.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/tricolour.gif
The modern Irish flag represents Catholics (green)
Protestants (orange) and the peace in the land, white.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 43 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1766, the British repealed the Stamp Act, a method of taxation on the American colonies to finance a standing army in those colonies. It was passed on March 22, 1765 and led to an uproar that fed into the "No taxation without representation" rallying cry of the revolution. Taxes had been used in the past by Great Britain to regulate trade, but this was the first time a tax was used specifically to raise funds from the colonists. The act forced colonists to purchase a stamp for use on all legal documents, which colonists met with demostrations that sometimes resulted in violence, personal injury to British tax collectors and property damage. The act was repealed, but the same day, Parliment passed the Declaratory Acts, stating that the British government had total legislative power over the colonies.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/stamp3.gif

...in 1931, Col. Jacob Schick's "Schick Company" began marketing the first electric shaver. Although it was not widely accepted at first, it soon caught on and by 1937, 1.5 million units had been sold. After WWII, models for women became avaialble. Today, the old Schick factory is owned and operated by Norelco, a division of Phillps, the electronics conglomerate based in the Netherlands. Norelco acquired Schick several years ago.

...in 1929, General Motors aquired Adam Opel A.G. in Germany, in order to help open the European market without attracting attention as an American company. (Henry Ford had already set up manufacturing operations in several worldwide markets.) GM still operates Opel, but stopped importing Opel automobiles to the United States in the mid 1970s.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Opel_Kadett_B.jpg/250px-Opel_Kadett_B.jpg
The Opel Kadett was the staple of the Opel line for many years.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Opel_GT%2C_Bj._1973_am_16.07.2006.jpg/250px-Opel_GT%2C_Bj._1973_am_16.07.2006.jpg
The Opel GT remains a popular sports car, although it is
most usually seen in the hands of collectors today.

...in 1850, American Express was founded in New York City by Henry Wells and John Butterfield. It was established as a freight forwarding and express delivery service at a time when the US Post Office carried only letters. In the 1880s, American Express began to offer financial instruments, such as money orders, and began a service to transfer funds to and from Europe, establishing offices in London and Paris. The freight business was abandoned for the full-service finacial corporation it is today, operating in over 130 countries around the world.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f9/Henry_Wells_color_portrait.jpg/220px-Henry_Wells_color_portrait.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b2/1862fargos.jpg/225px-1862fargos.jpg
Henry Wells and William G. Fargo. Wells founded Wells College.
Fargo, ND was named for Wm. Fargo.

...in 1852, Henry Wells and William G. Fargo formed a partnership in New York City. Wells and Fargo were among the founders of American Express. When directors of American Express objected to expanding into California, Wells and Fargo, along with several other investors, launched Wells, Fargo & Company as America's only express company to operate between New York and San Francisco. The 1849 gold rush created a huge demand for eastern products in the west and a way to ship freight from California back east. Originally using ships and break-bulk across the Ithmus of Panama, Wells, Fargo & Co. later began contracting with smaller stagecoach lines to move freight overland. In 1857, Wells, Fargo & Co. started the Overland Mail Company, also known as the Butterfield Line, providing regular mail and passenger service. The 1850s was a tumultuous decade for business in the United States, and while many competitors failed, Wells, Fargo and Company earned a reputation for reliability and trustworthiness, even offering horseback pick up and delivery of special parcels. Instead of being run out of business by the transcontinental railroad, Wells, Fargo and Co. embraced it, using the railroad for the long hauls but still providing local delivery. In 1905, the banking portion of the company broke from the freight business and opened new headquarters in San Francisco. When the earthquake of 1906 destroyed San Francisco and the Wells Fargo Bank building, the vaults remained intact and the bank continued to grow. During WWI, the freight lines and railroads were nationalized. The vast Wells Fargo freight lines became the Railway Express Agency and put Wells Fargo out of business as a freight carrier. Wells Fargo Bank remained intact and continues to this day as one of the largest and strongest banks in America.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/wallpaper1_photo.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 53 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 2003, after years of thumbing his nose at the United Nations and the rest of the world, Saddam Hussein suddenly found his country under attack by the United States and coalition forces to topple the regime, free the Iraqi people from the iron fist that ruled them and disrupt Hussein's program to develop weapons of mass destruction. Hussein had been playing "cat & mouse" with UN Weapons inspectors, leading world leaders to believe Hussein had such weapons (he had used such weapons on his own people) and that his arsenal was smuggled out of Iraq before the war started. When the war started, Hussein bragged "it is without doubt that the faithful will be victorious against aggression" but immediately went into hiding. He was eventually found in a crude, underground hole. Hussein was tried by the new Iraqi government, found guilty of crimes against humanity and executed on December 30, 2006. No weapons of mass destruction were found in Iraq.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Saddamcapture.jpg/120px-Saddamcapture.jpg
Saddam Hussein after his capture.

...in 1931, the state of Nevada, in the face of economic woes from the Great Depression, took the step to legalize gambling. The United States acquired the Nevada Territory as part of the settlement of the Mexican War in 1848, but not many people chose to live there. The discovery of the "Comstock Lode" of silver and gold changed all that in 1859, with settlers streaming into the mining areas. In 1861, the territory was made into a state in order to strengthen the Union during the Civil War. By the 1930s, though, mining was in decline and the state economy was in dire straits. Las Vegas, a sleepy crossroads in 1905, has since become the entertainment capitol of the world. In addition to the famous casinos and clubs, it also offers the largest convention facility available. (Comdex and the Consumer Electronics Show, the largest computer show and electronics show respectively, are held in Las Vegas each year because there is no other facility in the world that can handle it.) The nearly two million people who live in the greater metropolitan area depend on gaming and hospitality for their incomes, but the state's revenues from gaming make one of only a few states without income taxes.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/LasVegasSign06212005.jpg/800px-LasVegasSign06212005.jpg
The Las Vegas sign has reached icon status.

...in 1945, German Home Army General Friederich Fromm was shot by a firing squad. Fromm was complicit, but an unwilling participant, in an assassination attempt against Adolph Hitler. Several high ranking German officials believed that the assassination of Adolph Hitler was the only way they could save their country from the suicidal mission that Hitler had set in motion during the 1930s. With two fronts going badly and millions of people being systematically murdered in concentration camps, the leaders thought his death would be their only escape. The plan was set into motion but as luck would have it, fate intervened. Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg planted a bomb under a conference table, in a briefcase. Colonel Heinz Brandt moved the briefcase, and when the bomb went off, Hitler was wounded but did not perish. Meanwhile, the rest of the conspirators were about to launch a plan called Operation Valkyrie to take over the government. The conspirators were quickly rounded up and dispatched. (A 2008 Tom Cruise movie entitled Valkyrie was based on these events.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1969-168-07%2C_Friedrich_Fromm.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1969-168-07%2C_Friedrich_Fromm.jpg
Generaloberst Friedrich Fromm

...in 1918, the United States enacted Daylight Savings Time as a way to conserve resources during World War II. The entire concept came from British builder, William Willett in 1905. He noticed, early one morning, that much daylight was wasted and missed by most citizens. He published a pamphlet and campaigned vigorously for his idea to lengthen days by 80 minutes during the Summer. Willet died in 1915, before his plan would be implemented in 1916, during World War I. (It actually was implemented by the Germans before anyone else in Europe.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Willett_memorial.JPG/180px-Willett_memorial.JPG
William Willett is remembered by this sundial,
which is set to DST year 'round.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 62 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1928, the founder of the Ohio Automobile Company and the Packard Motor Car Company died at the age of 64, in Cleveland. James Packard, along with his brother William, started their careers by manufacturing lamps when they founded the Packard Electric Company in their hometown of Warren, Ohio. James purchased a Winton Motor Carriage, and was so disappointed with it that decided to built his own automobile. He completed it in 1899 and began to drive it around Warren. The brothers decided to build automobiles, but were savvy enough to separate the operations. The Ohio Automobile Company was incorporated in 1900 and they sold two automobiles to William D. Rockefeller. In 1901, an employee was arrested for speeding, which was nationally publicized and Packard answered a question about performance by saying, "Ask the man who owns one." It became one of the most famous slogans in the industry. Unfortunately, the resulting demand left Packard with more customers than cars. Henry B. Joy, a Detroit financier, liked his Packard so much that he bought the company. It was reorganized and renamed the Packard Motor Car Company. Packards were the first cars to have a steering wheel instead of a tiller and the first to use the H gear shift pattern. Henry B. Joy was a motoring enthusiast, and besides being president of Packard, he would go on to be the president of the Lincoln Highway Association. He was tireless in promoting Packards and the need for good roads. Joy traveled the country from coast-to-coast each year on his beloved Lincoln Highway. (The Packard Electric Company was acquired by General Motors in 1932 as the Packard Electric Systems, and it would evolve into Delphi.)

http://www.americas-classic-cars.com/Cars/Classic/1900/1902-Packard-Runabout/1902-Packard-Runabout-Feature.jpg
1902 Packard Runabout

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Model_A/LHC1426-1.jpg
A 1915 Packard TwinSix Touring, the official
Lincoln Highway Association field car in
Crestline, Ohio.

...in 1854, the Republican Party came to life in Ripon, Wisconsin. A meeting of former members of the Whig Party met for the purpose of forming a party dedicated to the opposition of slavery. The Whig Party was formed in 1834 but had proven ineffective in the slavery crisis. The Republicans quickly gained support in the north. The first presidential election with a Republican candidate was in 1856 and John C. Fremont won 11 of the 16 northern states. The party grew so quickly that several southern states threatened to secede if the Republican candidate, Abraham Lincoln, won the election. He did, and they did, and the Civil War began in April, 1861. The Republicans dominated the American Presidency until FDR in 1932, with both parties trading terms since. (Truman-D, Eisenhower-R, Kennedy-D, Johnson-D, Nixon-R, Ford-R, Carter-D, Reagan-R, Bush-R, Clinton-D, Bush-R, Obama-D. Gerald Ford was not elected.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Birthplace_of_the_US_Republican_Party_2.jpg/800px-Birthplace_of_the_US_Republican_Party_2.jpg
The Little White Schoolhouse, Birthplace of the Republican Party, Ripon, Wisconsin.

...in 1934, Mildred "Babe" Didrikson pitched for the Philadelphia Athletics against the Brooklyn Dodgers. She walked one and gave up no hits. She was born in 1911 in Port Arthur, Texas and earned the nickname of Babe, after Babe Ruth, because she could hit a baseball further than anyone else in town. She excelled in basketball and track and field, and she qualified for the 1932 Olympics. In the Olympics, she qualified for five events, but the rules only allowed women to participate in three events. She won two golds and a silver, actually tied for the gold but the judges didn't like her style. After the Olympics, she took up golf and dominated women's golf for two decades, winning 82 tournaments, 21 straight in 1947-48 and 19 straight in 1949. Didrikson also helped found the LPGA and she continually asked, and was continually denied, to play in the mens' US Open. (The rules about women playing in mens' tournaments were changed specifically because of her.) In 1950, she was named the Athlete of the Half Century. Learn more about this incredible woman at the Babe Didrikson Zaharias (http://www.babedidriksonzaharias.org/) website.

http://www.babedidriksonzaharias.org/images/TheBabe.jpg
Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias (1911-1956)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 37 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1871, Henry Morton Stanley began the expedition to locate the missing Dr. David Livingstone. In 1865, Livingstone had set out into the "Dark Continent" of Africa in an attempt to find the source of the Nile River, his goal was a two year search. Livingstone was also an abolitionist and wanted to end the slave trade. He was missing after six years and the editor of the New York Herald, James Gordon Bennett, Jr. decided to send Stanley to search for him, planning to capitalize on the publicity the search would bring. Stanley was an interesting case himself, a Welch orphan who came to America on a merchant ship, which he jumped in New Orleans where he he joined the Confederate army, eventually deserting and joining the Union army. He set out from Zanzibar in March with 2000 men. Eight months and several illnesses later, Stanley came to the village of Ujii on Lake Tanganyika. Stanley spotted a white man that looked tired and worn. He walked up to the man, offered his hand and said, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?" to which Livingstone replied, "Yes, and I feel thankful that I am here to welcome you." He did not heed Stanley's pleas to return to England and continued his work. He died 18 months later in Zambia. His remains were embalmed and sent to London, where they were buried in Westminster Abby.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/David_Livingstone.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Henry_Morton_Stanley.jpg/225px-Henry_Morton_Stanley.jpg
Dr. David Livingstone, I presume, alongside Sir Henry Morton Stanley

...in 1965, the third attempt to make a protest march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama over voting rights, began. The first attempt, on what would become known as Bloody Sunday, March 7, ended when state and local police attacked the marchers with tear gas and billy clubs. The second attempt was on March 9 but was limited to the county line by a court injunction. The third march, under the leadership of James Bevel and Dr Martin Luther King, Jr., began on March 21 after the injunction was lifted. In fact, the court order called for the protection of the 600+ marchers by members of the Alabama National Guard under federal control. The 54 mile march took five days and attracted the attention of the nation, and led to President Lyndon Johnson signing the Voting Rights Act of 1965 on August 6 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index261.html#post522713).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/38/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches_-_historic_route.jpg/240px-Selma_to_Montgomery_marches_-_historic_route.jpg
The route of the march is commemorated today as the
Selma to Montgomery National Historic Trail.

...in 1865, Johann Sebastian Bach was born in Eisenach, Saxe-Eisenach, Germany. He was born into a musical family. He learned to play the violin and harpsichord as a child and later, the organ. In fact, in his day, he was better known as a skilled organist than as a composer, however, today he is best remembered for his long list of compositions. While many know his liturgical compositions, such as Jesu, Joy of Man's Desire or the wonderful Brandenburg Concertos, almost everyone in the world can instantly recognize the Toccata and Fugue in D Minor, which is forever linked to the Phantom of the Opera.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Johann_Sebastian_Bach.jpg/180px-Johann_Sebastian_Bach.jpg
Johann Sebastian Bach

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, although we did learn something from CBS News. More on that later. No other news, no other new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 5 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

CBS News has announced that it will run it's 48 Hours Mystery episode, The Secret Life of Paige Brigfeld on March 27. Check your local listings. We assume that it is a rebroadcast of the original that first ran on June 10, 2008, then was reboradcast a year later with updated information. As of this writing, we know very little about this version of the report.

On this date in History...

...in 1958, Producer Mike Todd perished in a plane crash. He was born in Minneapolis as Avrom Hirsch Goldbogen, and received the nickname "Toat" as a child, and it apparently stuck. In sixth grade, in Chicago, he was expelled for running a crap game, and in high school, he produced the school play, The Mikado. Todd invented the Todd-AO film process, a high-resolution technique that also added higher fidelity sound to films that were shot using the process. He was well known for using the process in his work in notable films as Oklahoma, The Sound of Music, Those Magnificent Men in their Flying Machines, Around the World in 80 Days and Patton. Todd was even better known for being the third of the seven husbands of Elizabeth Taylor. (Taylor was married eight times. Huh? She married Richard Burton twice.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Miketodd.jpg/180px-Miketodd.jpg
Mike Todd, ca. 1952

...in 1933, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed the Beer and Wine Revenue Act. The law levied a tax of $5.00 on each barrel of beer and wine sold, in order to raise revenues but it exempted beer and wine from the Volstead Act. The act also gave states the right to regulate alcohol distribution. While the act legalized the sale of beer and wine, which had been outlawed with the 18th Amendment, Prohibition did not end until the ratification of the 21st Amendment in 1933.

http://www.breweriana.com/templates/ja_rulite_template_j15/images/logo.jpg

...in 1820, the hero of the Barbary Wars was fatally wounded in a duel, of all things. Stephen Decatur had become a national hero during the Tripolitan War when he commanded a raid into the harbor at Tripoli. (For more about Stephen Decatur and the Tripolitan War, see the Morning Update, February 16, 2009 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index272.html#post617575).) In 1807, Commodore James Barron failed to resist a British attack on his flagship, the USS Chesapeake. Barron and Decatur had served together in the Tripolitan War but Decatur sat on Barron's court martial, which expelled Barron from the navy for a period of five years. It started a feud between the two that would be settled 13 years later, when Barron challenged Decatur to a duel after Decatur publicly expressed his dismay at Barron being reinstated to the navy. Both shooters hit their marks, but Decatur died from his wound hours later. Barron recovered and was reinstated to the navy at a lower rank.

http://www.history.navy.mil/cannons/Decatur_Stephent.JPG
Stephen Decatur

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 60 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1775, in a speech to the second Virginia Convention, Patrick Henry made his impassioned "Treason" speech that concluded with the iconic line that shall ever be associated with his name, "I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!" The increasing oppressive rule over the colonies began in 1765 after the British passed the Stamp Act, a blatant money grab by the English government to pay for a standing army. In 1773, the Tea Act granted a monopoly to the East India Trade Company as well as providing more tax revenue. Colonists responded by tossing £10,000 worth of tea into the Boston Harbor. In response, the British passed the Intolerable Acts, closing the Boston Harbor and set military rule in Massachusetts. In April of 1775, General Gage marched his troops to Lexington, site a reported colonial arsenal. On April 19, the British were surprised to meet colonists who stood up to them and actually fired upon them, the start of the Revolutionary War. It became known as "The Shot Heard 'Round the World."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Patrick_Henry_Rothermel.jpg/180px-Patrick_Henry_Rothermel.jpg
Patrick Henry's "Treason"
speech, captured in an 1851
painting by Peter F. Rothermel

...in 1909, Willhelm and Karl Maybahk founded the Luftfahrzeug-Motoren GmbH in Bissingen, Germany. The company was founded to build engines for Zeppelin airships, but the Maybach Motoren-Werke produced the most luxurious Maybach automobile between 1921 and 1941. (The name was resurrected in 2000 by Mercedes-Benz for a new line of luxury automobiles. If you have to ask, you can't afford one, anyway.) The biggest innovation to come from the Maybach brothers, however, was the internal expanding brake. It operated by expanding shoes against an internal drum, to bring a wheel (or drive shaft) to a stop. It was the basis of all automobile braking systems and, in fact, remains in wide use today. Disc brakes have come into wide use in the last several decades, however, internal braking system developed by the Maybachs is still in wide use throughout the industry and in any application where a spinning shaft must be stopped - like your automatic washer, for example.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Maybach_Zeppelin_Fri.jpg/250px-Maybach_Zeppelin_Fri.jpg
1930 Maybach Zeppelin

...in 1918, the city of Paris was suddenly struck with shells fired from a new, devastating German weapon, the Pariskanone, of Paris Gun. It was developed by Krupps, with a huge 210mm (8.1" calibre) with a 118' long barrel. It was capable of firing a shell about 130,000 feet (about 25 miles) into the air, the first man-made projectile to reach the stratosphere. Because of the range and altitude reached by the projectiles, the trajectory calculations had to take into account the rotation of the earth. Three of the giant guns were fired upon Paris from 75 miles away. The gun was not a tactical success, in fact, the shells were not very large and the accuracy was not good. It was a psychological weapon, designed to break the morale of the Parisians, which it didn't really accomplish. they simply adapted to it. The guns disappeared after the war along with all the documentation. The Nazis tried to reconstruct the huge weapon to shoot across the English Channel at London, but met with little success. Saddam Hussein also tried to construct a giant gun during the Iran-Iraq War, but also met with little success.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Parisgun2.jpg/300px-Parisgun2.jpg
The ParisGun

...in 1839, a uniquely American term became part of the American lexicon. The Boston Morning Post published the term, "O.K." meaning"oll korrect," a popular misspelling popular at the time. It was a very popular practice at the time for young people to misspell words and use initials of those terms as slang. Popular abbreviations included KY for "No use" (Know Use) or "KG" for "No go." (Know Go) Hmmmmm or even "OW" for "All Right" (oll right.) The Boston paper used the term as part of a joke, but it caught on and is still in widespread use today. Well, OK then...

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 66 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1989, the worst oil spill in US history occurred when the supertanker Exxon Valdez ran aground in Prince William Sound, the ruptured hull spewing 11 million gallons of crude oil into the sound. Wind and currents spread the oil over 100 miles from its source before it could be contained, contaminating 700 miles of coastline. It later came to light tha the captain, Joseph Hazelwood, was drinking at the time and allowed an uncertified helmsman to take the wheel. He was convicted of misdemeanor negligence, a conviction that was later overturned because federal statute grants immunity to those who report an oil spill. Environmental groups went after Exxon and pressured the National Transportation Safety Board to force Exxon to pay $100 million in penalties and a crippling $1 Billion dollars, over 10 years, to pay for the cleanup. That figure was rejected by both Exxon and the State of Alaska, the two parties settling on $25 million in restitution for the cleanup. (Exxon reported in 2008 that over $1 Billion has, in fact, been spent on the cleanup, most of the money being underwritten by Exxon over the previous 19 years. In the past 20 years, most of the area has been cleaned, although, some areas that are unreachable still contain oil. That oil is, however, degraded by nature and is unreachable by wildlife to ingest or to otherwise be impacted. Most environmentalists agree the area is clean and safe. Olof Linden of the World Maritime University in Sweden, and a former scientific adviser to the UN Environmental Programme said two years ago, "I am surprised that they even find an oil at all after [all these] years. Biologically, it is of practically no significance." Except for Greenpeace, of course, that will not agree that the area is, as Exxon says, "...healthy, robust and thriving." Greenpeace is still wringing its hands and complaining, as it always does. Still, according to most reports, Prince Edward Sound is today, environmentally sound.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Exval.jpeg/300px-Exval.jpeg
The Exxon Valdez in 1989, before the spill. The
ship was towed to San Diego for repairs after the spill,
rechristened the Sea River Mediterranean but
was, and is, prohibited from entering Prince William
Sound. Today, known simply as the Mediterranean,
it flies the flag of the Marshall Islands and operates
in East Asia..

...in 1976, cousin Peyton was born to Archie and Olivia Manning in New Orleans. He had a great high school career as a quarterback, throwing to his older brother, but he shocked all the Ole Miss fans when he opted for a career at Tennessee, a record setting and sparkling career where he earned almost every football award except the Heisman Trophy. Manning was drafted by the Indianapolis Colts in 1988 and started breaking more records. Today he is the only NFL player even close to matching Brett Favre's string of continuous starts, but he is even more endeared to the Manning clan for defeating the Chicago Bears in Superbowl XLI in 2007. (Of course, he isn't really my cousin, but a guy can dream, can't he?)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bush_Congratulates_2006_Colts.jpg/250px-Bush_Congratulates_2006_Colts.jpg
Peyton Manning with the 2006 Colts at the White House,
presenting team jersey 43 to President George W. Bush.

...in 1765, Parliament passed the Quartering Act, defining locations, conditions and circumstances that British soldiers were to receive room and board in the colonies. If military barracks were insufficient to house the soldiers, they were to be quartered in “inns, livery stables, ale houses, victualling houses, and the houses of sellers of wine.” If those locations were insufficient, then His Majesty's forces were to be housed in uninhabited houses, outbuildings, barns or other buildings as necessary. The popular image was of redcoats tossing colonists from their bedrooms to accommodate them, the law did not provide for that, but perception becomes reality and the colonists were angered at being told to quarter the troops that they didn't want in the first place. Colonists refused to comply with the law, bringing even more legislation down upon the colonies. In Boston, the close proximity of Redcoats to a population already angered by British laws, led to street brawling and eventually, the Boston Massacre (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index273.html#post625763). The widening crevice never healed, and the British remained in Boston until General Washington drove them out with the Continental Army in 1776.

...in 1958, Elvis Presley was inducted into the US Army. As we reported to you on December 20, 2008 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index269.html#post593837), the King of Rock 'n' Roll was drafted in December, 1957 but was given a deferment to finish filming King Creole.

http://www.elvispresleymusic.com.au/pictures/img/elvis/army/1958_march_24.jpg
Elvis Presley becomes G.I. Elvis on March 24, 1958.

...in 1954, stockholders of the Nash-Kelvinator Corporation and the Hudson Motor Car Company voted to merge the two companies, which would become known as American Motors Corporation, or AMC. The president of the merged operation, George Romney, led the company to be America's most successful, post-war, independent car maker. Romney was the son of Mormon missionaries in Chihuahua, Mexico. (Romney's grandfather Miles Romney, had been born in Nauvoo, Illinois, where the Mormon Chruch began to grow. Miles was a polygamist with four wives and 30 children.) George Romney stressed the need for independent car makers to avoid head-to-head competition with the Big Three automakers. He coined the term "compact car" to promote the AMC product line, and also coined the term "gas-guzzling dinosaur" to describe the Big Three's product line. He became famous for his leadership of AMC and propelled it into a successful political career, serving as the Governor of Michigan and losing the 1968 Republican nomination for President to Richard Nixon. (Romeny would serve as Secretary of HUD under Nixon.) George Romney was the father of (former) Massachusetts Governor and unsuccessful Presidential candidate, Mitt Romeny.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/GeroRomney2.jpg
George W. Romney (1907-1995)

http://www.amxfiles.com/amcpix/nash_56.jpg
AMC's 1956 Nash Ambassador LeMans

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 35 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1920, Walter P. Chrysler walked away from a $500,000.00 per year job as Vice President of Automotive Operations for General Motors. Chrysler was born in Wamego, Kansas, a railroad town and he went to work for the Union Pacific as a janitor, dreaming of being an engineer, which he attained by the age of 20. (Not a "Whoo! Whoo!" engineer but and engineering engineer.) He went on to work in the shops and eventually became the works manager of the American Locomotive Company. In 1912, he was offered a job with Buick in Flint, Michigan under Charles Nash. He saw it as an opportunity to get into the transportation of the future. Nash had taken over the struggling GM in 1910 when Billy Durant was asked to leave. In 1916, Durant took over GM and fired Nash. (Nash bought out Thomas Jeffrey's Rambler in Kenosha, Wisconsin and renamed the company Nash, which became AMC forty years later.) Nash warned Chrysler that Durant was a meddling micro-manager, but Chrysler took the job as President of Buick anyway. He worked out GM's purchase of Fisher Body Company but in 1920, true to Nash's prediction, Durant began to micro-manage Chrysler's work. Chrysler stomped out of the board room on this date and slammed the door. Alfred Sloan, later president of GM, remarked that the sound of the door slamming was the sound of Chrysler Corporation coming to life. (Chrylser took over Willys-Overland and in two years, turned the ailing company around. He next purchased the Maxwell company in 1924 and renamed it Chrysler Corporation. Chrysler began construction of the Chrysler Building in New York City in 1928 and in 1929, he bought Dodge from the estate of the Dodge Brothers.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/WPChrysler%2C1924.jpg/225px-WPChrysler%2C1924.jpg
Walter P. Chrysler with a 1924 Chrysler Six

...in 1911, a business on the top three stories of a ten story building caught fire. The floors were occupied by the Triangle Shirtwaist Company, owned by two men named Max Blanc and Isaac Harris, and employed about 600 workers. Most of the workers were immigrant women from Germany, Italy and eastern Europe. It was the classic definition of a "sweat shop" with some of the women being 12 or 13 years old, working twelve to fourteen hour days in a 60-72 hour workweek. The average wage was 6 to 7 dollars per week. The company was the subject of strikes but Blanc and Harris were staunch anti-unionists, hiring thugs to beat up striking workers and hiring prostitutes as replacement garment workers. (A "shirtwaist" was the popular name for women's blouses.) The place was a disaster waiting to happen, with flammable textiles stored all over, fabric scraps littered the floor, tissue patterns hung near cutting tables where cutters often were smokers, and the factory was lit by gaslights. On the afternoon of March 25, an unknown source ignited the fire on the eight floor. It could have been a match, a cigarette butt, bad wiring or an overheated sewing machine motor, no one knows for sure. People on the tenth and eight floors were able to evacuate the building, but the ninth floor did not get the alarm in time. The flimsy fire escape twisted and collapsed under the weight of the evacuees. The only working elevator stopped working and desperate people jumped ot their deaths to avoid the fire. The fire department arrived quickly but there were no ladders capable of reaching the burning floors. In the end, 148 died, including the 141 who died at the scene and seven who died later in the hospital. As a result, the American Society of Safety Engineeers was founded shortly after the fire, and more stringent fire codes were put in place by Tammany Hall (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index267.html#post582662).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0d/Triangle_Bodies.jpg/200px-Triangle_Bodies.jpg
The east side of the building with 40
bodies on the sidewalk. Two of the victims
were found alive about an hour after the
picture was taken.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Asch-brown-triangle-shirtwaist-fire-building.JPG/250px-Asch-brown-triangle-shirtwaist-fire-building.JPG
Today, the building is known as the Brown Building
of Science and is owned by New York University. It is on
the National Register of Historical Places.

...in 1774, Parliament passed the Boston Port Act, closing the Port of Boston and demanding reparation of the £10,000 (about $1 million in today's funds) for the tea that was tossed into the port. General Gage was dispatched to shut down the harbor, which he did easily, and it became obvious to the colonists that the British intended to invoke marshall law. Actually, the plan was to separate New England from the rest of the colonies, the hope was to break a united resistance to the Crown. Just the opposite happened, however, as the rest of the colonies rallied behind Boston, shipping in much needed supplies overland. The die was cast, and the road to revolution was opened.

...in 1901, The Mercedes was introduced by Gottlieb Daimler at the five day "Week of Nice" at Nice, France. Two years earlier, a man named Emile Jelinek, the Daimler distributor in Nice, told Daimler that he was impressed with Daimler's automobiles, but he wanted a different car, lighter, with a bigger engine and if Daimler would built such an automobile, Jelinek would buy 3 dozen of them. There was one more component to the deal, that the new car be named for Jelink's 10 year old daughter, Mercedes. Daimler died before he would ever see a Mercedes, but his son Paul and Wilhelm Maybach took up the challenge, producing a 2,200 pound car with 35 horsepower, a major breakthrough in 1901. Interestingly enough, Karl Benz was only 60 miles away, performing the same design exercises. Daimler and Benz would compete until 1924, when they finally came together to build some of the best automobiles in the world.

http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/1901-mercedes-35-hp-1.jpg
The 1901 Mercedes

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

The update was posted late today because CS was down for server maintenance and who knows what all else went wrong this morning. Just the same, there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 45 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1941, the Italian navy successfully used a new weapon, the manned torpedo. It wasn't really a torpedo in the normal sense because of the rather obvious drawback of such a device. (Manned suicide torpedoes were used by the Japanese late in the war.) It was actually an underwater propulsion system to carry frogmen. The machines were equipped with a limpet mine, an explosive device that was attached to the target hull with magnets and detonated at a later time. This allwoed the frogmen to detach the mine and return to the launching vessel, usually a submarine. The Italian device was officially known as Siluro a Lenta Corsa ("Slow Running Torpedo") but were quickly nicknamed maiale (Italian for "pig") because it was difficult to steer. Once the British caught on, they copied the device and called their's Chariot.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Maiale_at_gosport.jpg
An Italian SLC, nicknamed "maiale" which is Italian for "pig.".

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Maiale_cockpit.jpg/180px-Maiale_cockpit.jpg
The cockpit. A frogman with
breathing apparatus steered the
maiale to the target, attached a
limpet mine, then returned to his ship.

...in 1953, Dr. Jonas Salk announced he had successfully tested a vaccine to fight poliomyelitis, the virus that causes polio, a crippling disease that affects mainly children. It also affects adults, perhaps the most famous being President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who used his bully pulpit to fight the desease. Dr. Salk first studied viruses in the 1930s while a student at New York University. He became head of a research lab at the University of Pittsburgh and was awarded a grant in 1948 to study poliomyelitis. He had the first version of his vaccine in 1950, by killing several strains of the virus and injecting the dead cells into the bloodstream. The recipient's bloodstream builds anti-bodies that would resist any future exposure to live poliomyelitis viruses. Salk performed the first human tests on former polio patients, on his family and on himself. He made his announcement in 1953, which made him a celebrity overnight. Clinical trials began in in 1954, and by 1955 the vaccine was pronounced safe and was distributed widely. Today, polio is virtually non-existant in the United States with the few rare cases imported from countries that have not controlled the virus. Dr. Salk was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977 by President Jimmy Carter. He died in 1995, but not from polio!

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Roosevelt_OConnor.jpg/180px-Roosevelt_OConnor.jpg
FDR and Basil O'Connor, his fomer
law partner, meet in 1938 to launch a
campaign to fight polio. The March of
Dimes began that same year.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Salk_Time_cover.jpg/180px-Salk_Time_cover.jpg
Dr. Jonas Salk became an
international celebrity.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Salk_Carter_77.jpg/180px-Salk_Carter_77.jpg
Dr. Salk receives the Presidential
Medal of Freedom in 1977 from
President Jimmy Carter.

...in 1979, a history making peace accord was signed at Camp David between Egyptian President Anwar el-Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, ending three decades of hostility between the nations. In 1977, Sadat traveled to Jerusalem, seeking a permanent peace settlement. Sadat was greeted with outrage in the Arab world, but he continued his pursuit of peace and normalized relations with Israel. In September, 1978, Sadat met with Begin at Camp David, Maryland with President Jimmy Carter and negotiated what would become known as The Camp David Accords. Seven months later, the peace treaty was signed. For their efforts, Menachim Begin and Anwar el-Sadat split the 1978 Nobel Peace Prize and Sadat was assasinated in Cairo by Muslim extremists on October 6, 1981. Despite his death, the peace process continued and Egypt fomally established diplomatic relations with Israel.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Begin%2C_Carter_and_Sadat_at_Camp_David_1978.jpg
Manachim Begin, President Jimmy Carter and Anwar el-Sadat at Camp Daivd, 1978.

That's it. That's all we know as of 4:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 31 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1998, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a new drug, popular beyond all predictions and vehicle for millions of daily spams. Sildenafil, the chemical name, was synthisized to treat hypertension and angina pectoris. The drug had little effect on high blood pressure and angina, it had an interesting side effect: penile erection. Pfizer recognized an opportunity to capitalize on otherwise failed research, naming the drug Viagra and marketing it as a treatment for "erectile disfunction," a fancy new name for old fashioned impotence. The drug went from testing to approval in two years - an unheard of "fast track" for drug approval. In the first year, Pfizer reached $1 billion in sales. It was marketed on television by (former) Senator and presidential candidate, Bob Dole. Of course, as anyone with an email account knows, there are several competitors out there, like Cialis and Levitra but long term side effects are unknown. At least 20 million men have tried it, so it's probably safe to assume that there are 20 million happy couples out there, too.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Viagra_in_Pack.jpg/200px-Viagra_in_Pack.jpg
Small amounts of sildenafil in water prolongs
the time before cut flowers wilt. Hmmmmmm..

...in 1905, Scotland Yard used fingerprints to solve a capital crime, the double murder of Thomas and Ann Farrow, who were shopkeepers. Near the body of Thomas was his empty cash box. Three years earlier, a British court had allowed fingerprint evidence in a theft case but the Farrow murders were the first for a capital crime. Alfred and Albert Stratton were convicted of the crime, on the basis of Alfred's thumbprint on the cashbox that was the motive for the robbery gone bad. The brothers were hanged on May 23, 1905.

...in 1925, Cecil Kimber or Morris Garages took a Morris Cowley and cut it down, removed body parts to reduce the weight and badged it with the now-familiar octoganal logo of MG. It is known as Old Number One, the first MG sports car.

http://www.mgcars.org.uk/pics/carlno1.gif
The first MG sports car, Old Number One.

http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/mg-sports-cars-3.jpg
The MG TD was a post-war sportscar that was aimed
specifically for the American market, and is one of the
most fondly remembered MG sportscars.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cb/MG_logo.png

...in 1945, the Nazis launched the last of their V-2 rockets as the war was obviously lost. The only remaining launch site was in The Netherlands, and the final rocket offensive claimed 200 civilians in England and Belgium. The V-2 was a 12 ton rocket capable of delivering a one ton warhead over 100 miles and it was projected to be able to reach targets 200 miles away. It was launched to a height of 60 miles straight up, then followed a pre-determined arc to its target. It reached its target traveling at a speed of 4,000 MPH and landed with such force that it burrowed into the ground before the warhead had a chance to detonate. One of the rockets landed in Kent in the afternoon, causing the last civilian British casualty of the war. After the war, both the Soviet Union and United States captured unlaunced V-2 rockets that became the basis of the ICBMs of the Cold War. Meanwhile, Wernher von Braun and his staff came to the United States and continued their research. The V-2 evolved into the Redstone Rocket that carried Alan Shepherd and other Mercury astronauts into space.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Fus%C3%A9e_V2.jpg/300px-Fus%C3%A9e_V2.jpg
A replica of the V-2 on display at the Peenemünde museum.

...in 1912, First Lady Helen Taft and Viscountess Chinda (wife of the Japanese ambassador) planted two Yoshina cherry trees on the northern bank of the Potomac River. The symbolic planting was to honor a gift of 3,020 cherry trees from the Japanese government to the United States. Eliza Scidmore, a noted writer, photographer a member of the board of the National Geographic Society, had spent a great deal of time in Japan and first proposed planting cherry trees on the Potomac. Helen Taft took interest in Scidmore's idea in 1909 and when the Japanese consul in New York learned of the interest, he suggested gifting the trees to the United States and in January, 1910, 2,000 trees arrived but had contracted a disease in transit. A private Japanese citizen donated funds to replace the diseased trees, and 3,020 arrived from the banks of the Arakawa River in Adachi Ward, a suburb of Tokyo. The trees were so popular that a three day cherry blossom festival began in 1934 that continues today. After World War II, cuttings from the Potomac cherry trees were sent to Tokyo to restore the trees decimated by American bombing raids during the war.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Washington_C_D.C._Tidal_Basin_cherry_trees.jpg/225px-Washington_C_D.C._Tidal_Basin_cherry_trees.jpg
The Washington cherry trees in bloom.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

CBS News reran the 48 Hours Mystery episode entitled The Secret Life of Paige Birgfeld last night. Someone out there knows something, and keeping her name and story out there has to help. There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 15 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1941, ground was broken on the massive Willow Run bomber factory. At the outbreak of WWII, Henry Ford was faced with a dilemma, an avowed pacifist (in 1915, he had led an ill fated anti-war crusade to Europe designed to end WWI, called The Peace Ship) he was reluctant to turn his factories over for war materiel, especially to William Knudsen. Knudsen was the government's czar of Detroit war production. Ford had fired Knudsen in the 1930s, only to have him take over Chevrolet and beat Ford Motor year after year in the marketplace. Once war was declared, Ford's competitive spirit took over and he bragged that Ford Motor Company could build 10 times as many planes as Consolidated Aircraft, given no interference from the government or unions. Knudsen asked Ford to produce sub assemblies for Consolidated but Charles "Cast Iron Charlie" Sorenson (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-march-13-2009-a-50655/) said he could build B-24s like flivvers. While the plant was being built and production got underway, the death of Edsel Ford threw Ford Motor Company into a battle for control that affected the aircraft plant. The Willow Run plant became known as "Willit Run?" but after Sorenson worked out the kinks, Willow Run began to churn out B-24s at a rate of one per hour. The first bomber came out of the plant on November 28, 1942 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-november-28-2009-a-57825/) and by the end of the war, 8,500 B-24s had been built by Ford's massive plant.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/B-24_bomber_at_Willow_Run.jpg
B-24 bombers under construction at Willow Run,
the largest building in the world at the time of its
construction. Today it is a GM transmission plant.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Maxwell_B-24.jpg/300px-Maxwell_B-24.jpg
A B-24 in flight during WWII.

...in 1969, one of the outstanding heroes of World War II and the 34th President of the United States died in Washington D.C. at the age of 78. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower graduated from West Point in 1915, and during WWI was given a battlefield promotion to Lieutenant Colonel. In 1919, he went "on a lark" with the quartermaster corps on the cross-country motor caravan. The trip began in Washington and took two months to travel to San Francisco along the Lincoln Highway. The lesson of the need for good roads was well learned by the young soldier. He became the Supreme Allied Commander of the European theater of WWII, planning and executing the successful D-Day invasion and eventually winning the war. The popular general was easily elected president in 1952, and was a formidable Cold War foe to Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev. In 1954, remembering the 1919 convoy and the Autobahn, he signed the bill that created the Interstate Highway system. He won reelection by a landslide in 1956, and after stepping down in 1961, he and his wife Mamie Dodd Eisenhower, retired to their farm that adjoins the Gettysburg Battlefield. He is buried in a family plot in Abilene, Kansas.

Eisenhower once dreamed of being a professional athlete. He once said, "When I was a small boy in Kansas, a friend of mine and I went fishing and as we sat there in the warmth of the summer afternoon on a river bank, we talked about what we wanted to do when we grew up. I told him that I wanted to be a real major league baseball player, a genuine professional like Honus Wagner. My friend said that he'd like to be President of the United States. Neither of us got our wish."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_as_General_of_the_Army_crop.j pg/445px-Dwight_D._Eisenhower_as_General_of_the_Army_crop.j pg
General of the Army, Dwight D. Eisenhower

...in 1979, the Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station suffered what would be the worst nuclear accident in the United States. At 4 AM, a pressure valve in Unit 2 failed to close. An ambiguous signal did not indicate clearly whether the valve was open or closed, and operators did not discover the error until cooling water, contaminated with radiation, was drained from the reactor, allowing to core to dangerously overheat. It reached a temperature of 4,000º nearing the 5,000º mark that would cause a core meltdown. By 8 PM, the operators realized the situation and began moving cooling water back into the core, avoiding disaster. minor amounts of radiation were released but nothing life threatening. Unfortunately, the accident occurred just 12 days after a popular work of fiction, The China Syndrome had been released. In the movie, Jane Fonda played a news reporter who broke a story about a fictional accident at a fictional nuclear power plant. Misinformation began to run rampant, with the inevitable comparison between fiction and the Three Mile Island facts. Jane Fonda became an outspoken opponent of nuclear power, fighting noted scientist Edward Teller, the father of the hydrogen bomb. Teller later suffered a heart attack, which he blamed on Fonda. "You might say that I was the only one whose health was affected by that reactor near Harrisburg. No, that would be wrong. It was not the reactor. It was Jane Fonda. Reactors are not dangerous," he later said. Since the Three Mile Island accident, no new nuclear power plants have been built in the United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Three_Mile_Island_%28color%29-2.jpg/250px-Three_Mile_Island_%28color%29-2.jpg
The Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station
consisted of two nuclear reactors. Unit 2 was the
site of the accident.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Three_Mile_Island_nuclear_power_plant.jpg/300px-Three_Mile_Island_nuclear_power_plant.jpg
This pre-accident photo shows Unit 1 (left) and Unit 2, in use.
Unit 1 is still in use today, Unit 2 has never been reconstructed
nor reused.

...in 1984, under the cover of darkness, owner Bob Irsay moved the Baltimore Colts to Indianapolis. Irsay, a controversial figure to say the least, moved the team in the middle of the night so no one knew what was happening until it was all over. the Colts had been a mainstay of the NFL in the late 1950s and early 1960s under the leadership of Johnny Unitas with halfback Lenny Moore and Tom Matty. (The Colts were NFL Champions in 1958, 1959 and 1968.) The Colts offered a strong competition to Lombardi's Green Bay Packers and made it to the third Super Bowl, only to lose it to Joe Namath and the New York Jets. The Colts did win Super Bowl V but declined so badly that their 1983 #1 draft pick, John Elway, said he'd rather play baseball for the Yankees than play for the Colts. He was traded to Denver. In 1984, Irsay asked for the city to pay for upgrades to Memorial Stadium, but refused, so Irsay stole away to Indianapolis. In 1996, football returned to Baltimore when Art Modell moved the Cleveland Browns to town. Cleveland was as incensed as Baltimore had been in 1984, and sued the team to keep the name "Browns" in Cleveland, and won. The new Baltimore team was named the Ravens for the hero of Edger Allen Poe's poem The Raven. To this day, the name Irsay is not said out loud in Baltimore, nor is "Modell" in Cleveland. (Long times fans still cannot say the name "Baltimore" without saying "Colts" immediately after.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/0329.jpg
25 years ago, the moving vans arrived in the middle of the night
to move the Colts to Indianapolis.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

KKCO, the NBC affiliate in Grand Junction is reporting that the Mesa County Sheriff Department is confirming that Lester Jones is a "person of interest."

Gee, breaking news. :grumpy: Like we haven't known that for two and a half years.

Link: NBC 11 News (http://www.nbc11news.com/home/headlines/8627107.html)

The Mesa County Sheriff's Office has confirmed that Lester Ralph Jones, the man who lives at a residence that has been searched twice in connection with the disappearance of Paige Birgfeld is a 'person of interest' in her disappearance. Sheriff's Office Deputies have previously stated they suspect foul play.

"On Wednesday, agents with the CBI and Mesa County Sheriff's Deputies searched a Fruitvale home for the second time since her disappearance.

"Jones was arrested on a Domestic Violence case in 1999. Jones previously plead guilty to assault with a deadly weapon, violent crime where a weapon was used, and kidnapping. He spent time in prison from 1999 to 2001 with the Colorado Department of Corrections. He was released into a work release program in Mesa County. For less than a year Jones was under intensive supervised parole and then went under regular parole in 2003. Jones completed his parole in 2005."


Let me get this straight...the sheriff searched Hannibal Lester's home, yet again? And we're just finding out about it now?

Hmmmmmm.

I hate to say it, but I'm skeptical. This sounds like a repeat of a news story from two years ago. I just hope it is something new.

[chefpatrice]

03/27/2010 Paiges' story is on 48 Hours Mystery right now! 10:00pm Pacific Standard Time on CBS 2.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were actually no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. Rumors were flying around the Internet that her body had been found, but none of those reports has been substantiated at all. Otherwise, there was no news and no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 16 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1973, the last combat troops left Viet Nam. A peace agreement had been signed two months earlier in Paris, between North and South Viet Nam, the Vietcong and the United States, ending the eight year American involvement. The American government had been quietly helping out the French in Viet Nam for years when, in 1961, President Kennedy sent in a large force. After JFK's assassination, President Johnson was faced with either heavier involvement or to pull out. Johnson chose the former, and American troop levels reached 300,000. The war quickly degenerated into a most unpopular war at home, and in 1968, President Johnson knew he had no chance of being reelected and withdrew from the nomination process. The Democrat Convention in Chicago was wracked with violence and bloodshed, as documented by the group Chicago in their first album.The Paris peace agreement was little more than an attempt at saving face for the Americans. As the last Americans were being airlifted out, North Vietnamese Colonel Bui Tin told the South Vietnamese, "You have nothing to fear; between Vietnamese there are no victors and no vanquished. Only the Americans have been defeated."

...in 1951, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were convicted of espionage for passing nuclear secrets to the Soviet Union. A spy ring was uncovered in 1950 when British physicist, Klaus Fuchs was arrested in Great Britain in 1950. He had worked on development of the atomic bomb during WWII and it was learned that he had passed a great deal of information to the Soviets. He rolled over on Harry Gold, an American who was a courier of the data. Gold was arrested and rolled over on a man named David Greenglass, who had worked in the atomic facility. Greenglass, on arrest, rolled over on Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, his sister and brother in law. They were known to be supporters of the strong left and were involved in labor and political issues for years. Although there was no direct evidence, Ethel was thought to be the mastermind behind the entire ring, and after a fast trial, the Rosenbergs were sentenced to death, and were executed on June 19, 1953, in Sing Sing Prison. The case is surrounded by controversy to this day.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Julius_and_Ethel_Rosenberg_NYWTS.jpg/250px-Julius_and_Ethel_Rosenberg_NYWTS.jpg
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg after their
conviction. Were they guilty of passing secrets to
the Soviet Union? In his autobiography, published
posthumously, Soviet Premier Nakita Khrushchev
wrote, "Let this be a worthy tribute to the
memory of those people. Let my words serve
as an expression of gratitude to those who
sacrificed their lives to a great cause of the
Soviet state at a time when the U.S. was
using its advantage over our state to blackmail
our state and undermine its proletarian cause."

...in 1929, President Herbert Hoover installed a telephone at his desk in the Oval Office. A switchboard and telephones had been installed in the White House in 1878, shortly after Don Ameche (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index273.html#post626641) invented the phone (click on the link to see the joke) but before President Hoover, there had not been a phone on the President's desk.

...in 1932, Jack Benny went on the air with the Jack Benny Program. The former minor Vaudeville performer was well known for his timing and a character that was just the opposite of the real-life Benny. The character was cheap, petty and vain. His masterful comedic rendering of the character kept the show on the radio well into the 1950s, in fact, overlapping the Benny program on television. He was known for a running on-air feud with Fred Allen, with lines so funny that many people actually believed they hated each other. Benny said, after Allen's sudden death in 1956, "You couldn't have such a long-running and successful feud as we did, without having a deep and sincere friendship at the heart of it." The other Benny trademark was his atonal violin playing. At a benefit concert at Carnegie Hall, Benny said, "I've been called the Van Gogh of violinists," to which an audience plant yelled out, "My God, he's lost his ear!" There is no documentation anywhere that says if the real life Benny was a great violinist or not, however, he owned a Stradavarius violin, which be bequeathed to the Los Angeles Symphony. The orchestra still owns, and uses, the Benny Strad.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Harry_Truman_and_Jack_Benny.gif
Jack Benny and President Harry Truman.

...in 1939, Clark Gable and Carole Lombard were married as Gable took a break from filming Gone With The Wind. It was a storybook marriage, as both were extremely popular. The marriage ended tragically in 1942, when Carole Lombard died in a plane crash. She was on the way home from her native Fort Wayne, Indiana at the conclusion of a bond drive. A bridge across the St. Mary's River in Fort Wayne, near her childhood home, has been named in her honor.

http://www.meredy.com/gableandlombard/cgcltransparent.gif

http://bridgehunter.com/photos/10/97/109743-M.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

The reports from Sunday that Paige's body had been found were, as I reported and suspected, totally without merit. I've had confirmation from a reliable source, very close to the investigation, that if any human remains were found in Colorado, it was certainly news to anyone in law enforcement. There otherwise were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 39 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1981, just 81 days into the presidency, Ronald Reagan was attacked and shot by would-be assassin, John Hinckley, Jr. Reagan was the first serving United States president to survive being shot in an assassination attempt. (Teddy Roosevelt survived an assassination attempt in Milwaukee in 1912 while running for president, but he was not the sitting president at the time of his shooting.) After speaking at the Washington Hilton Hotel, President Reagan was ambushed by Hinckley who did hit home - Mr. Reagan received a gunshot wound to the lung. Hinckley fired six times in three seconds, first hitting White House Press Secretary James Brady in the head, the second hit D.C. police officer Thomas Delahanty in the back, the third overshot and hit a window across the street, the fourth hit Secret Service Agent Timothy McCarthy, the fifth hit the open door of the president's bullet-proof limo, the sixth hit the same door but ricocheted and struck Mr. Reagan under the left arm, grazed his rib and lodged in his lung, stopping within an inch of his heart. When First Lady Nancy Reagan arrived at the ER of George Washington University Hospital, the glib Mr. Reagan borrowed Jack Dempsy's line and said to her, "Honey, I forgot to duck." When he was wheeled into the OR, he remarked, "Please tell me you're all Republicans." Dr. Joseph Giordano, a liberal Democrat, replied, "Mr. President, we're all Republicans today." He was scheduled to speak in Philadelphia the next day, and while intubated but still conscious, he scribbled a note that used W.C. Field's epitaph, "On the whole, I'd rather be in Philadelphia." There is far more to this story than space here provides, and a google search will reward you with hours of analysis of the day President Ronald Reagan was shot.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Reagans_wave_after_returning_from_WH_1981.jpg/250px-Reagans_wave_after_returning_from_WH_1981.jpg
President and Nancy Reagan's triumphant return to the White House,
April 11 after his release from the hospital.

...in 1858, Hymen L. Lipman patented the first pencil with an attached eraser. Pencils had been in use for many years, as had rubber erasers, but Lipman was the first to come up with the idea of simply turning the implement end-to-end to utilize a self-contained eraser. He sold his patent for $100,000.00 (a princely sum in 1858) to Joseph Reckendorfer who immediately sued Faber for infringement. Reckendorfer lost the suit, the courts said combining two already known elements into one implement was not an innovation. (Apparently, lawyers never make mistakes. Just ask one sometime, but be prepared to pay $25 in fees to ask the question.)

http://www.pencils.com/files/images/lipman1.jpg

...in 1867, Secretary of State William H. Seward signed a treaty with Russia, purchasing Alaska for $7,200,000.00. Members of Congress and the press ridiculed the purchase, calling Alaska "Seward's Folly," "Seward's Icebox" and "Andrew Johnson's Polar Bear Garden." At least, those are the names we can print here. Czarist Russia had colonized parts of the Western Hemisphere, in Alaska and as far down the west coast as nothern California. A prolonged war had drained the Czar's treasury and he saw the sale of Alaska to the United States as a way to replenish much needed capital. Seward, who believed in western expansion, saw it as an opportunity to grab a land mass that was 1/5 the size of the entire United States. The move was controversial, in fact, the approval bill passed the Senate by one vote. Seward's vision was realized in 1898 with the discovery of gold and even moreso in the 1960s with the discovery of one of the largest reserves of oil in the world.

http://www.library.state.ak.us/hist/goldrush/16.gif
Skagway, Alaska, gateway to the Klondike gold fields, ca. 1900

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System_Luca_Galuzzi_2005.jpg/250px-Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System_Luca_Galuzzi_2005.jpg
Today's Alaska Gold is in the form of crude oil, carried from
Prudhoe Bay to Valdez by the Alyeska Pipeline.

...in 1950, the phototransistor was patented. It was the basis of the "electric eye" that was an amazing novelty in the 1950s, used to open doors, signal motion and turn streetlights on at dusk and off again at dawn. Today, it is the basis of automatic light metering in your digital camera, electrical generation from sunlight and it even dims your clock radio display at night.

http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/pub/jan99/1950p3.GIF
The Michigan Elevator Exchange used 146 electric-eye
sorting machines to sort beans in Port Huron.

...in 1952, Patty Berg won the LPGA New Orleans Open. Along with Babe Didrikson (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index274.html#post631643), she was a founding member of the Ladies Professional Golf Association in 1950 and served as the first president. Berg was born in Minneapolis in 1918, attended the University of Minnesota and took up golf in 1931. She won several amateur tournaments before turning pro in 1940, but interrupted her career to serve in the US Marines as a lieutenant during WWII. She won the first U.S. Women's Open in 1946 and won 15 major tournaments along with 60 professional wins in her career. Berg was still competing in 1980 at the age of 62! (Hip replacement surgery due to cancer finally ended her pro golf career in 1980.) She also served on the Wilson Advisory Board, Wilson being a major manufacturer of golf clubs in Chicago. She presented over 16,000 golf clinics, called "Paty Berg's Hit Parade," that introduced over 500,000 people to the game of golf. She died in 2006 at the age of 88 from complications of Alzheimer's Disease.

http://z.about.com/d/golf/1/G/e/e/mini-patty_berg_crop.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 63 X candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1889, the Eiffel Tower was dedicated in a ceremony that was presided over by none other than Gustave Eiffel, the designer and builder of the monument to the centennial of the French Revolution. The French government was planning a huge exposition and held a contest for a fitting memorial. Eiffel's design won easily, an open latice, wrought iron structure that would tower 1,000 feet over Paris and be the world's tallest structure. Eiffel was a noted bridge builder, master of metal work and the designer of the framework for the Statue of Liberty. Naturally, skeptics said it would be unsound and an eyesore. Undeterred, Eiffel built his tower in less than two years, ahead of schedule and under budget. It was a wonder of technology and became one of the modern wonders of the world. Only one worker lost his life during construction, a remarkable safety record for a massive project like this one. It is 984 feet tall, the iron framework rests on four piers. There are observation decks on three levels, and elevators follow the curve of the graceful base. Eiffel called on the American Otis Elevator Company to design the unique glass cage elevators. (In typical French fashion, they were removed in 1899 to be replaced by the superior French lifts. Gag me with a Ginsu.) Although the elevators were not ready for the opening, Eiffel climbed to the top himself and raised the French flag to open the exposition. The tower was only to stand for 20 years and was almost demolished in 1909 when the lease expired on the land, but the tower was too valuable as a radio tower. It also remained the world's tallest structure until the Chrysler Building opened in 1930. (Which was shortly surpassed by the Empire State Building.) The Eiffel Tower remains much as it did in 1889, and it is one of the world's top tourist attractions. (There are seven open-lattice towers in the world that are taller than the Eiffel Tower (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiffel_Tower), two of them are in the United States in Shorewood, Wisconsin and Atlanta, Georgia.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Paris_06_Eiffelturm_4828.jpg/200px-Paris_06_Eiffelturm_4828.jpg
La tour Eiffel, photo by Rüdiger Wölk, Münster, Germany, used with permission.

...in 1931, legendary football coach, Knute Rockne, died in a plane crash near Bazaar, Kansas at the age of 43. Rockne has been called the greatest football mind of all time, and he was the first real advocate of the forward pass. Rockne was born in Voss, Norway and emigrated to Chicago with his parents at the age of 5. He played football in a local club and in high school, but took a job with the Post Office until he was 22, when he had saved enough money to continue his education. He studied chemistry under Julius Arhtur Nieuwland, the noted polymer chemist at Notre Dame, but gave it all up when he became a football coach. As the coach of Notre Dame from 1918 to 1930, he amased the incredible record of 105-12-5, and amazing 88.1%! He is remembered for being the name sake of the Rockne, a Studebaker brand automobile (the brand died with the coach) and for delivering the famous half-time speech that ended with, "Win one for the Gipper."

http://www.knuterockne.com/images/misc/rock001.jpg
Knute Rockne (1888-1931)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/99/George-gipp.jpg
George Gipp (1895-1920) one of the greatest
college football players to ever play the game.
He died of a streptococcal throat infection just days
after he led Rockne's Irish team to a victory over
Northwestern. Gipp's dying words to Rockne were to
tell the boys to "...win just one for the Gipper."

http://files.conceptcarz.com/img/Rockne/32_Rockne_Sdn_DV-06_ARM_01.jpg
The Rockne automobile more likely failed because it was introduced in the depths
of the depression, rather than as a result of Coach Rockne's death.

...in 1968, President Lyndon Johnson shocked the nation when he made his Sherman Speech. (The term refers to Civil War General William Tecumseh Sherman who announced he would not run for President and if elected he would not serve.) In a televised address, President Johnson said, "I shall not seek, and I will not accept, the nomination of my party for another term as your president." Had be run and won the election, it would have been his second elected term as President. Why he did not run has been a topic of discussion ever since. LBJ himself said it was so he could concentrate on being POTUS instead of concentrating on partisan politics. His critics said it was because he had screwed things up in Viet Nam so badly that he had no chance of reelection and withdrew. No one knows for sure, but the Republican candidate, Richard M. Nixon, defeated Minnesota Senator Humbert Humphrey in the election.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg/225px-37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg
Lyndon Baines Johnson (1908-1973)
36th President of the United States

...in 1776, Abigail Adams from their farm in Massachusetts, wrote to her husband, John, in Philadelphia where he was serving in the Continental Congress. She urged him not to forget about the women while fighting for independence. The amazing Abigail, a future First Lady, wrote in part, "I long to hear that you have declared an independency. And, by the way, in the new code of laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make, I desire you would remember the ladies and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors…Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the husbands. Remember, all men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the ladies, we are determined to foment a rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any laws in which we have no voice or representation.” It would be almost 150 years before the House of Representatives would finally act on her request, by passing the 19th Amendment to the Constitution that granted women the right to vote. The marriage of Abigail and John Adams is still admired today, it was a marriage of mutual respect and admiration. The immense amount of correspondence between the two still exists and is a chronicle of colonial times. Their intellectual discussions included politics, eyewitness accounts of the Revolutionary War, government and everyday life. Abigal Adams had six children, five survived, including her oldest son, John Quincy Adams, who was the sixth POTUS. Abigail Adams and Barbara Bush are the only two women to both be First Ladies and mothers of American presidents. (Much of the dialog between John and Abigail, as well as lyrics in the Broadway musical 1776 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1776_(musical)), were based on their correspondence.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Abigail_Adams.jpg/200px-Abigail_Adams.jpg
Abigail Adams (1744-1818) by Benjamin Blythe, 1766

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 41 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 2009, the U.S. Government announced that the Internet is finished and that the Internet has come to an end. Click here to visit the End of the Internet (http://mdesmond.com/end-of-the-internet/).

...in 1993, 1992 Winston Cup Champion, Alan Kulwicki, died in a plane crash in Bristol, Tennessee. He was the son of USAC engine builder, Jerry Kulwicki and even though he didn't approve of his son racing, Alan went ahead anyway. He was the youngest man to ever start a stock car race in Wisconsin at the age of 18 at the Hales Corners Speedway and he won $27. (The track is now a Home Depot parking lot.) He always raced his own cars and did not have corporate sponsorship, but he was the NASCAR Rookie of the Year in 1986 and he landed sponsorship from Xerox. When Kulwicki won his first NASCAR race, he ran his first signiture "Polish Victory Lap" by driving the track clockwise. Kulwicki won the Winston Cup in 1992 and with his death, went out on top. Milwaukee County named a park after him near his childhood home. No doubt, Alan Kulwicki was a one-of-a-kind.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/AlanKulwickiUnderbird_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-AlanKulwickiUnderbird_%28cropped%29.jpg
Kulwicki's "UNDERBIRD" race car, the TH had been taken off because
Kulwicki felt like an underdog in the last race of the year. He finished 2nd to Bill
Elliott in the race, but won the title.

You can view the UNDERBIRD with the car's owners, along with Alan Kulwicki's parents, Jerry and Thelma, at the Underbird Website (http://www.underbird.com/sale.htm).

...in 1924, Adolph Hitler was sentenced as a result of his conviction for high treason. He was charged because of his role in the famous Beer Hall Putsch on November 8, 1923, when an attempted coup by the Nazi party and members of the army was foiled by the German government. Even with the conviction, Hitler was out of jail by the end of the year. While in prison, he wrote the first volume of Mein Kampf ("My Struggle") and upon his release, was more popular than ever. Within 8 years, he would be in complete control of the German government.

...in 1948, Soviet troops stopped American and British trains as they entered the Soviet occupied areas of Germany, on their way to Berlin. The Soviets demanded to search the trains, the Americans and British refused. Eventually, in June, the Soviets began blocking the trains entirely, and the US Air Force countered with the amazing Berlin Airlift. The frustrated Soviets finally lifted the blockade, ending the first real showdown of the Cold War.

...in 1877, Edward Schieffelin began to search for silver in the area that is, today, southern Arizona. His associates all said he was crazy and that the only thing he would find was his own tombstone. What he found was one of the richest silver veins in the west, which he promptly named the Tombstone Lode. The Tombstone Mining district and the town that shared the name shot up quickly, with miners and investors showing up to stake their claim to the silver. The town of Tombstone also attracted the usual gamblers, saloon keepers, criminals and lawman wannabes. Of all of them, probably the most famous are Doc Holliday and the Earp Brothers, led by Wyatt, mostly because of their well-romanticized shoot-out with the Clantons and McLaurys at the O.K. Corral, on Allen Street, in 1881. There were plenty of other gunslingers in Tombstone, including John Ringo and Frank Leslie. Tombstone was so violent that at one point, President Chester Arthur considered sending in government troops. There was no need, because once the mines hit groundwater, there was no economical method to continue mining and the town all but dried up. The very reason that caused Tombstone's failure wound up being its savior, as television and movies romanced the old west, interest in Tombstone increased. Tombstone has become a tourist attraction, the O.K. Corral has been restored and the gunfight is reenacted daily. (The Tombstone Epitaph (http://www.tombstoneepitaph.com/index.html) is still being published. Tombstones is known as "The town too tough to die (http://www.cityoftombstone.com/)."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Allen_Street_Tombstone.jpg/800px-Allen_Street_Tombstone.jpg
Allen Street today. Photo by "Grombo," used with permission.

...in 2009, did you visit the End of the Internet at the top of this post? No one is really sure when the tradition of playing tricks and practical jokes on April 1 began, but most historians agree that it traces back to 1582 when France adopted the new Gregorian calendar and dumped the Julian calendar. The old calendar, which dated back to Julius Caesar in Rome, recognized the first day of the new year as the Ides of March, or the 15th, because it was close to the vernal equinox. As the centuries went on, the start of the new year was April 1, but with the adoption of the Gregorian calendar, the new year started on January 1. It was believed that anyone foolish enough to celebrate the new year on April 1 was deserving of ridicule and to be the brunt of jokes. Modern April Fools gags included the BBC in 1957 reporting on Swiss farmers harvesting a record spaghetti crop with films of people plucking spaghetti from trees. In 1992, Rush Limbaugh announced that he was supporting Bill Clinton in the presidential election and in 1996, Taco Bell claimed to have purchased the Liberty Bell and was renaming in the Taco Liberty Bell. Two years later, Burger King advertised a "Left-Handed Whopper" with hundreds of suckers ordering the phony sandwich. Tell your friends that the Internet has come to an end and send them the link.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[pcnm2010]

I don't mean to scare anyone, nor do I mean to sound in any way crazy nor make anyone not like me, but the day that I found out about this, Paige came to myself through my Hubby who told me about it.
I am a Psychic Medium (Have been since age 3) and I know some of the details of this case.
I sent the info that Paige gave me to the Police.
I am very sorry that they didn't take the info.
Sending Love, Prayers and Healing for Paige's Family and Friends.
Because of other problems, I have since shut off my Abilities.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 18 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 2005, Pope John Paul II died in the Vatican. He was the first non-Italian to hold the position since the 16th Century. He was well loved and respected around the world, an estimated two million people packed Vatican City for his funeral. John Paul II was born in Wadowice, Poland, near Krakow, as Karol Jozef Wojtyla. The remarkable man was both the youngest man to be chosen Pope in 132 years and he was the first Pope of Slavic descent. John Paul II was conservative and staunch in his beliefs, he was anti-communist and anti-war, he was against abortion, capital punishment, homosexuality and contraception. Later in his term, he was outspoken against euthanasia, human cloning and stem cell research. He was the most widely traveled Pope in history, speaking Polish, Italian, French, German, English, Spanish, Portuguese and Latin. Along with his fluency, his personal charm carried him well throughout the world, connecting to not only Catholics but people of all faiths. Two assassination attempts were made on his life, both unsuccessful, and he personally forgave his attackers. John Paul II is well remembered for his efforts to end communism and for issuing the Church's first apologies for the Church's role in World War II. Joeseph Cardinal Ratzinger became Pope Benedict XVI after John Paul's death, and he immediately took the first steps to beatify John Paul II as a saint.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/JohannesPaul2-portrait.jpg
Pope John Paull II

...in 1979, Ekaterinburg, Russia, (formerly known as Sverdlosk) became the location of the first anthrax epidemic in the world. In a six week period, 62 people perished. The town was and still is still an agricultural community. Livestock was also lost during the six week epidemic. The Soviet government released a statement that the citizens had ingested tainted meat, but the town was known in intelligence circles as a center of biological weapons research. As a result, most everyone was skeptical but it took until after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1992 that the truth was finally revealed. Workers at the Ekaterinburg weapons plant had not replaced a crucial filter, the result was weapons-grade anthrax being released into the atmosphere. The wind carried the spores into the rural area of the community, infecting people and animals. Had the town been downwind at the time of the release, far more people would likely have died. (Sverdlosk was the location of the Ipatiev House, where Czar Nicholas II and his family (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index271.html#post614211) were executed by the Bolsheviks. It was also the location where Francis Gary Powers was shot down in his U-2 spy plane on May 1, 1960.)

...in 1956, Alfred P. Sloan stepped down as the Chairman of General Motors after holding the helm for almost two decades. Sloan was the architect of the modern GM, after he joined the loosely-knit organization put together by Billy Durant. Sloan came to GM in 1916 with Hyatt Roller Bearing Corporation when Durant purchased the company to be part of GM. Sloan worked his way up to Vice President in 1923, becoming chairman in 1937, and he set about modernizing the corporation. He built a new headquarters (usually referred to as "The Ivory Tower" for its white marble fascade) and a centralized operations center. He streamlined operations and focused on profits, turning GM into a business model that was respected around the world. Sloan is also remembered for GM's strategy of "A car for every purse and purpose" as well his philosophy that "The business of business is business." He died in 1966 at the age of 90.

http://www.latimes.com/media/photo/2009-03/45879348.jpg
Alfred P. Sloan (1875-1966) It has
been said that Sloan is "The Father of
the modern corporation." Where is he
now that GM needs him?

...in 1972, Charlie Chaplin returned to the United States for the first time since 1952. The always left-leaning British subject was branded as a communist and after he went home for a visit in 1952, FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover had his re-entry permit canceled. Chaplin vowed to never return to the US, but relented in 1972 to accept a special Academy Award. He died on Christmas Day, 1977, at the age of 88, at his home in Vevey, Switzerland.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Chaplin-charlie.jpg/455px-Chaplin-charlie.jpg
Chaplin, as The Tramp ca. 1926

...in 1513, Juan Ponce de Leon set foot on the coast of Florida near present day St. Augustine, claiming the land in the name of Spain. de Leon was in search of the "Fountain of Youth," a magic water that granted the consumer eternal youth. (It appears that many of today's retirment age folks are still in search of it.) De Leon named what he thought was an island, "La Florida" because the landing occurred during the Easter feast, "Pascua Florida." He returned in 1521 to establish a Spanish colony, only to receive a mortal wound in conflict with unfriendly natives. He returned to Cuba where he died from the injuries. St. Augustine was finally settled in 1565 and remains the oldest community in the New World. In 1819, Florida was granted to the United States in the Florida Purchase Treaty with Spain.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Juan_Ponce_de_Le%C3%B3n.jpg/225px-Juan_Ponce_de_Le%C3%B3n.jpg
Juan Ponce de Leon (1474-1521)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 21 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1860, the Pony Express began operation when two riders left both terminals, St. Joseph, Missouri and Sacramento, California, at the same time. Relay teams of riders and horses carried mail pouches over the 1,800 mile trip in about 10 days. At the time, that was an incredible decrease in the time it took mail to make the journey. California had become a state in 1850 but was geographically cut off from the rest of the nation. Mail was carried either by ship, which took about a month to make the journey "around the Horn," or via stagecoach on the newly opened Butterfield Express route, which could take upwards from three weeks to make the trip. Riders, who could not weigh more than 125 pounds, were paid $25 per week, when the average wage was $1.00 per day. (The Butterfield Express, which had the mail contract, was required by law to use the Oxbow Route, which went through El Paso, Texas and Fort Yuma, Arizona, a route that was 600 miles longer than the northern route that was used by the Pony Express.) The Pony Express never won the mail contract, it never made any money, and it lasted only 19 months. Pony Express ceased operation on October 26, 1861, just two days after the transcontinental telegraph became operational, rending it obsolete. Ironically, the Pony Express came under the control of the Butterfield Overland Express, and the whole works was sold to Wells, Fargo and Company. (The Pony Express, the telegraph line, the transcontinental railroad and the 20th Century Lincoln Highway all followed nearly the same alignment.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4b/TCTelegraph.jpg/350px-TCTelegraph.jpg
A Pony Express rider waves to the men
who are putting him out of a job..

...in 1882, Jesse James was shot in the back by Robert Ford, a member of the James Gang, who wanted to collect the bounty on James' head. Jesse and his brother, Frank, joined a guerrilla group led by William Quantrill that was known as Quantrill's Raiders. It was a quasi-unit of the Confederate army that terrorized Kansas and Missouri, acting on behalf of the Confederate army where there was no army. In 1863, Quantrill's Raiders massacred the citizens of Lawrence, Kansas, an abolitionist town. At the end of the Civil War, Jesse and Frank James, along with brothers Cole, James, and Robert Younger continued the military style raids for the express purpose of armed robbery. Their first raid was the first daylight bank robbery in America, when they held up the bank in Liberty, Missouri, scoring $60,000.00 in cash, coins and securities. Over the following 16 years, the James/Younger gang became the most notorious outlaws in the country, robbing banks, trains, stagecoaches and individuals.

(There is some compelling evidence behind a theory that the James Gang was actually raising money to help fund a return of the Confederacy, and that they were members of a secret society known as the Knights of the Golden Circle. Most of the massive amounts of money stolen has never been recovered, and none of the gang members were obviously living beyond their means. The theory goes on to say that most of the stolen money remains buried in numerous locations around the south. The story of the Knights of the Golden Circle and the buried treasure is the subject of a book entitled Shadow of the Sentinel (http://books.google.com/books?id=LIKtwULMP98C&dq=shadow+of+a+sentinel&printsec=frontcover&source=bn&hl=en&ei=8KbSSeLWH9bqnQfjr53iBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=4&ct=result) by Bob Brewer, and the KGC legend was the inspiration of the Disney film National Treasure 2: Book of Secrets.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Jesse_and_Frank_James.gif
Frank and Jesse James ca. 1872

...in 1885, a patent for a one-cylinder, water cooled engine was issued to Gottlieb Daimler. Development of the internal combustion engine had been stymied by the tremendous amounts of heat developed by the controlled explosions in the cylinders. Engine developers had been looking for a breakthrough, which Daimler provided by circulating cooling water through the engine block to carry away the heat. Except for a few notable exceptions, such as the old Volkswagon beetle's air-cooled engine, all modern engines still use Daimler's principle of liquid cooling. Daimler, with his partner Wilhelm Maybach, completed their first automobile in 1889, the first of a family of Daimler's fabulous automobiles. In 1924, Daimler merged with Karl Benz to from the famous company that still bears their names. (Daimler-Benz also builds the ultra-luxurious Maybach, so all three partners' names are still alive in the market.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gottliebdaimler1.jpg/213px-Gottliebdaimler1.jpg
Gottlieb Daimler (1834-1900)

...in 1996, the Museum of Modern Art in New York City placed a Jaguar E-type into permanent exhibit, just the third automobile to be so honored by MOMA. the 1961 E-type was the first Jaguar to come to market after the factory had been destroyed by fire in 1957. The sleek lines made it an immediate hit. A Jaguar XKE was the car racing the Corvette in Jan and Dean's single Dead Man's Curve in 1964 and was also a featured car in the The Rip Cords' Hey, Little Cobra (written by Carol Conner) also in 1964. The Jaguar E-type is considered one of the top all-time automotive designs and truly is a work of art.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/SeriesoneJag.jpg/250px-SeriesoneJag.jpg
Jaguar E-Series Coupe]

...in 1968, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his "I've Been to the Mountaintop" speech in Memphis, Tennessee, in support of striking sanitation workers. It is considered one of the top 100 speeches of all times. He ended the speech by saying, "He's allowed me to go up to the mountain. And I've looked over. And I've seen the promised land. I may not get there with you. But I want you to know tonight, that we, as a people, will get to the promised land. And I'm happy, tonight. I'm not worried about anything. I'm not fearing any man. Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord." The next day, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. would die from an assassin's bullet.

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1964/king.jpg
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 35 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1841, William Henry Harrison died of pneumonia, in the White House, only 31 days after his inauguration. He was the ninth President of the United States and the first to die in office. In 1811, he led US forces against Shawnee Chief Tecumseh at the Battle of Tippecanoe, near today's Lafayette, Indiana. In 1812 in the War of 1812, he led the successful recovery of Detroit from the British. He was elected to the House of Representatives and to the Senate in 1825. In 1840, he ran for president with John Tyler as his vice presidential running mate, using the slogan, "Tippecanoe and Tyler, too!" His inauguration was on March 4 and in bitterly cold weather, he gave the record longest inauguration speech of two hours. He contracted pneumonia and died in office on this date, with John Tyler ascending to the presidency.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4f/William_Henry_Harrison_daguerreotype.jpg/225px-William_Henry_Harrison_daguerreotype.jpg
William Henry Harrison in an
1841 Daguerreotype by Moore and Ward.

...in 1939, in a little-known event in the lives of two of America's most popular comedians, Jack Benny, on this day in 1939, was found guilty on federal charges of jewel smuggling. George Burns was also convicted of the same crime in January of the same year, he plead guilty but Benny pled not guilty and went to trial. In reality, Benny and Burns were the victims of a scam run by Albert Chaperau, who's real name was Nathan Schapiro, a career criminal and confidence man who claimed to be a Nicaraguan diplomat. He claimed he could bring jewelry into the United States without paying duty as he carried the jewels in a diplomatic pouch. Chapereau got nailed on info from an informant then rolled on his Hollywood clients. Burns and Benny were not the only ones to be taken in by Chaperau but they were the most famous. The two were buying the jewels for their wives, Gracie Allen and Mary Livingstone, but wound up paying fines. Burns paid $15,000.00 in fines and received one year and one day suspended sentence. Jack Benny paid $10,000.00 in fines and was given a 6 month suspended sentence. The fink was a maid who was pro-Nazi (of all things) and was paid $8,000.00 for acting as a government informant. (We assume her pro-Hitler stance eventually got her into trouble with the government.) The events had no effect on the careers of any of the four, as most people never even heard of the case, but every time they went to the White House afterward, the subject always came up. (While researching this article, I've found that the (usually public) FBI files on Burns and Benny have been made unavailable.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f6/JackandMaryBenny.gif
Jack Benny and Mary Livingstone

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/38/Burnsgracie.jpg/300px-Burnsgracie.jpg
Gracie Allen and George Burns

...in 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee just after 6 PM, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was shot and killed while standing outside his second floor hotel room on the balcony at the Lorraine Motel. He was there in support of a strike by sanitation workers. As word of his assassination spread, riots broke out across the country, in fact, the National Guard was called out in Memphis and Washington. Tens of thousands of people lined the route of his funeral procession, his bier carried on a common farm wagon drawn by mules. Later in the evening, a .30-06 hunting rifle was found across the street. Prints on the weapon, eyewitness accounts and the rifle itself pointed to James Earl Ray, a low-level criminal with a long rap sheet of petty crimes. He tried to flee and was arrested by Scotland Yard in London while trying to get to Rhodesia (today: Zimbabwe) a supremacist country. He was extradited and plead guilty to avoid the chair. He maintained his innocence until his death in 1998 and claimed he was framed as part of a vast conspiracy involving the FBI, the government and the military. His case has been investigated several times, by the House Select Committee on Assassinations, the Shelby County DA's office, and the U.S. Justice Department. All the investigations led to the same conclusion: James Earl Ray was an outspoken racist who hated Martin Luther King, Jr. and murdered the civil rights leader in Memphis on this date in 1968.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Martin_Luther_King_was_shot_here_Small_Web_view.jp g/180px-Martin_Luther_King_was_shot_here_Small_Web_view.jp g
The Lorraine Motel, where the murder took place,
is the location of the National Civil Rights Museum.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 36 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1955, the leader of the free world during WWII retired as the Prime Minister of Great Britain. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was born in 1874 and became a member of the British Fourth Hussars in 1895 where he built a military reputation in India, the Sudan and South Africa. He resigned in 1899 and entered politics, winning a seat in Parliament in 1900. He became First Lord of the Admiralty in 1911 and began preparations for the war that was looming. He returned to politics after the war, and was an outspoken critic of the Nazis and Hitler but his warnings were unheeded. At the outbreak of the war, he replaced the weak Neville Chamberlain as Prime Minister. (Churchill reported said about Chamberlain, "An appeaser is one who feeds a crocodile, hoping it will eat him last.") Churchill rallied the British population, declaring that the British would never surrender. He built a resolute population, dedicated to repelling Germany from Britain's shores. With his usual brilliance, he arranged the alliance between Britain, Roosevelt and Stalin that would eventually crush the Nazi movement. He led Britain through its darkest period in history, and as a reward, was voted out of office at the end of the war! In 1951, he was reelected until he retired, this day in 1955. Churchill was a brilliant man, accomplished Nobel Prize winning author and captivating speaker. His lines are still quoted today, including a 1941 graduation speech at Harrow School where all he said was, "Never give in--never, never, never, never, in nothing great or small, large or petty, never give in except to convictions of honour and good sense. Never yield to force; never yield to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Churchill_portrait_NYP_45063.jpg/250px-Churchill_portrait_NYP_45063.jpg
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (1874-1965).
Although prepared for martyrdom, I preferred that it be postponed.

...in 1931, the Fox Film Corporation dropped Marion Michael Morrison from its roster of actors. The lot hand had acted in several films in bit parts, and apparently, Fox management didn't see a future for the tall actor. Morrison was born in Iowa in 1908 but moved to California as a child. He attended USC on a football scholarship but dropped out and took a job as a lot hand at Fox. There, he befriended a young director named John Ford. When he was billed in a film, it was as Duke Morrison, the nickname coming from a childhood pet. He had a starring role in 1930 in a film that flopped, entitled The BIg Trail. At Lone Star Studios, he was in 16 forgettable westerns, even playing a singing cowboy. In 1939, however, he was given a major role in the film Stagecoach that was directed by his old friend, John Ford. Billed as John Wayne, he went on to make over 250 films in his career, many of them directed by John Ford.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/John_Wayne_in_Wake_of_the_Red_Witch_trailer.jpg
John Wayne, in his arguably worst movie,
Wake of the Red Witch in 1948.

...in 1792, President George Washington issued the first presidential veto. It was a bill that was designed to reapportion seats in the House of Representatives that would have given an disproportionate amount of seats to northern states. Washington vetoed the bill on the grounds that it was unconstituional and was not what the framers had in mind. Congress might overruled the veto, but instead, wrote a new bill that was based on a math formula that was based on population. Washington vetoed only one other bill in his two terms, in 1797 Congress passed a bill that would have reduced the size of the military, which Washington vetoed. (Does any of this sound familiar? There's not much new, is there?)

...in 1614, an English tobacco planter in the Jamestown settlement in Virginia married Pocahontas, the daughter of the Powhatan Indians. Jamestown was settled in 1607, the first English colony in the New World. The colony struggled in the early days but remained with the efforts of John Smith who directed the colony's survival efforts and laid out maps of the area. He was exploring the Chickahominy River when he was captured by the Powhatan, which was a confederacy of several local tribes. He was sentenced to die but was spared by the intercession of Matoaka, Chief Powhatan's 13 year old daughter. Her nickname was "Pocahontas" or "Playful One." Over the years, Pocahontas came to the colony as the chief's ambassador, where she learned English life and befriended the colonists. Smith was forced to return to England from injuries, and the colony was about to be abandoned when a new governor arrived, Barron De La Warr. (Say it out loud. A river and colony would be named after him.) The marriage of Pocahontas and John Rolfe brought an uneasy peace between the colonies and the Indians. Rolfe and his wife, now christened Rebecca, traveled to England where she was presented at court as an Indian Princess. The day before they were to return to the colony, Pocahontas died (probably from smallpox) and was buried in England. Rolfe died in an Indian massacre in 1622.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Pocahontas_original.jpg/180px-Pocahontas_original.jpg
A 1616 engraving of Pocahontas by Simon van de Passe.
The original caption read:
"Matoaks als Rebecka daughter
to the mighty Prince Powhâtan
Emperour of Attanoughkomouck
als virginia converted and baptized
in the Christian faith, and wife to
John Rolfe."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Pocahontas_at_jamestown.jpg/175px-Pocahontas_at_jamestown.jpg
A statue of Pocahontas was placed
in Jamestown in 1922. Note how her facial
features are more Anglican than in the
contemporary engraving, shown above.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 46 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1917, the House of Representatives voted 373 to 50 to approve a war declaration that the Senate had approved 82-6 just two days earlier. With the vote, the United States formally entered World War I. The war had started in 1914 with the United States staying away. Henry Ford, an avowed pacifist, made an idealistic attempt to end the war in December of 1915. “We’re going to try to get the boys out of the trenches before Christmas,” the confident automaker said. “I’ve chartered a ship, and some of us are going to Europe.” It failed and was met with ridicule. Germany followed a strategy of blockading Great Britain. Germany announced that all shipping, neutral or not, was subject to attack once entering British waters. Because Great Britain was a trade partner, German U-Boats began attacking American shipping, sinking the William P. Frye, a private vessel, in March 1915, The Germans called it an unfortunate mistake. On May 7, the Germans sank the British ship Lusitania killing 1,201 of the 2,000 people on board, 128 were Americans. The Germans seemed aloof to American protestation, but promised to see to the safety of passenger of unarmed ships, but in November, a U-boat sank an Italian ship that killed 27 Americans. Public opinion began to turn against Germany but the last straw occurred in February of 1917 when a U-boat sank the American liner Housatonic. Although it took some time for General Pershing and his troops to arrive "Over There" the arrival of the Americans turned the tide of the war.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/John_Pershing.jpg/150px-John_Pershing.jpg
General John J. Pershing at
Chaumont, France, 1918.

...in 1862, the Civil War moved into the west as Union forces under Ulyses S. Grant and Confederate troops under General Albert Sidney Johnston met at Shiloh, near Pittsburgh Landing, in Tennessee. It was the bloodiest battle of the war, up to that point, and the brutality surprised both sides. The Union army had been working its way along the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers, Kentucky was under Union control as was much of Tennessee, even the capital at Nashville was in Union hands. Grant, with 42,000 men, was trying to reach General Don Carlos Buell's Army of the Ohio that was 20,000 strong. They wanted to take Corinth, a rail center that would give the Union control over the entire region. Johnston's army of 45,000 was waiting for them at Corinth. But Johnston didn't wait. He began advancing on April 3, encountering the Union on April 6, pushing them back to a chuch called "Shiloh." Eventually, Buell's army arrived to reinforce Grant and the fresh troops were able to push the fatigued Confederate army to Corinth, a major Union victory. Ironically, Shiloh is a biblical term that means "place of peace."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Battle_of_Shiloh_Thulstrup.jpg/300px-Battle_of_Shiloh_Thulstrup.jpg
The Battle of Shiloh by Thure de Thulstrup

...in 1970, Dr. Sam Sheppard died of liver failure at the age of 46. The Sam Sheppard case was an absolute media frenzy in the 1950s for the trial and re-trial of the doctor for murdering his pregnant wife. On July 4, 1954, Marilyn Sheppard was found, beaten to death, in the Bay Village, Ohio home they shared. Sheppard claimed that a "bushy-haired" attacker had beaten her to death, and even beat him. The Sheppard's son slept through the entire ordeal just down the hall. In December 1954, he was convicted of second-degree homicide and sentenced to life in prison, while maintaining his innocence. Ten years later, F. Lee Bailey won a new trial and in 1966, he was aquitted. The case put Bailey in the limelight and he went on to other high-profile trials, most notably, O.J. Simpson. Sheppard, meanwhile, returned to his medical practice, tried his hand at professional wrestling but he also took up drinking. Although no one was ever arrested for the murder of Marilyn Sheppard, Richard Eberling, a window washer who once worked for the Sheppards, was found to have one of Marilyn's rings in his possession. He was convicted of the murder of another woman and died, in prison, in the 1980s. Sam and Marilyn Sheppard were the inspiration for Dr. Richard Kimble, The Fugitive.

http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/FTrials/sheppard/samsheppards.jpg
Dr. Sam Sheppard (1923-1970)

...in 1896, the first modern Olympics were held in Athens, Greece with athletes from 14 countries participating. The ancient olympics were thought to have originated in Olympia, Greece around 776 BC. The last olympiad was held about 393 AD, banned by the Roman government. The modern International Olympic Committee met in 1894 and chose Greece as the appropriate place to restart the ancient tradition. 241 men (no women) representing 14 countries were there to compete in the 43 scheduled events. James Connolly of the United States became the first Olympic champion, winning the triple jump on the first day. He would later finish second in the high jump and third in the long jump. The United States took home the most first place finishes with 11, although Germany, France, Great Britain and Greece all had more athletes participating. Greece won the most first, second or third place finishes (46) and a Greek runner, Spyridon Louis, won the marathon. The first Olympiad came to an end on April 15, 1896. It was not until the 3rd Olympiad, held in St. Louis, that the now-familiar Bronze, Silver and Gold medals were awarded. The games returned to Athens in 2004, this time, with 10,625 athletes (4,329 women) representing 201 nations, all participating in 301 events.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/1896_Olympic_opening_ceremony.jpg
The opening ceremony of the 1896 Olympics
in the Panathinaiko Stadium

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 62 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1873, one of the winningest managers in Major League baseball was born in Truxton, New York. John McGraw won 2,763 games as a manager, second only to the legendary Connie Mack who had 3,731 wins. McGraw played for St. Bonaventure University and joined the Baltimore Orioles in 1891. He played third base in his 9 year career, had a reputation as a talented batter and for his aggressive personality. He went to the New York Giants and became the player-manager of the team. He ended his playing career in 1906 and continued as the manager until 1932. In that time, the Giants won 10 pennants, finished second 11 times and won the World Series three times. McGraw had a magnificent understanding of baseball, he invented the hit-and-run and the squeeze play. His rather abrasive personality got him ejected from 131 games (second only to Bobby Cox.) McGraw died in 1934 at the age of 60 and he was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1937. (Shortly after his death, McGraw's widow found a list of all the African-American players John McGraw wanted to have play on his teams.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/John_McGraw_1924.jpg/200px-John_McGraw_1924.jpg
John McGraw (1873-1934)

...in 1891, Phineas Taylor Barnum died in Bridgeport, Connecticut. The 80 year old politician, author, entrepreneur, and showman was still a force to be reckoned with. He asked a New York newspaper to run his obituary so he could read it and enjoy it and the paper obliged. He was born in Bethel, Connecticut in 1810, and when he was 15, his father died. That left him to fend for his mother and five siblings, which he did by publishing a paper in Danbury, where he was often sued for libel and even spent two month in jail. He married at 19. In 1835, he went to New York with Joice Heath, an elderly and almost blind African-American. He claimed she was 161 years old and had been a nurse to George Washington. Barnum was making $1500 a week promoting the hoax, so in 1842, he purchased the American Museum in New York and filled the five story building with every freak, oddball and sideshow character he could find. The museum had Siamese twins, joined at the chest, a mermaid preserved in liquid and other hoaxes. By far and away, his most popular oddity was in the form of Charles Stratton, a midget who used the stage name, "General Tom Thumb." The 3'3" tall "General" was so popular that he was invited to an audience with the Queen of England. 82 million guests toured Barnum's museum in its 26 year run. A fire swept through the museum in 1868, so Barnum closed it and toured the country promoting Jenny Lind, "The Swedish Nightingale." At the age of 60, he married a 20 year old woman and at 61, in Delavan, Wisconsin, he launched "P.T. Barnum's Grand Traveling Museum, Menagerie, Caravan and Circus." It was the largest circus in American at the time, and he added the innovation of having three shows going on at once in three separate rings. In 1872, he began to promote it as "The Greatest Show on Earth," a slogan that is fiercely protected to this day. In 1881, he merged with James A. Bailey's London circus and promoted it with the unwieldy name of "P.T. Barnum's Greatest Show on Earth, and The Great London Circus, Sanger's Royal British Menagerie and the Grand International Allied Shows United." In 1888, it just became known as "Barnum & Bailey Greatest Show on Earth." His last words were, "Ask Bailey what the box office was at the Garden last night." (The show continued under Baily's guidance, and he took the circus to Europe for a five year tour. This allowed the Ringing Brothers' circus to sweep into the east coast and fill the void left by the Greatest Show on Earth being in Europe. The Ringlings, natives of Baraboo, Wisconsin, would buy the Barnum show in 1907. The Ringlings operated both shows as separate entities until 1919 when they were combined and became known as Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Combined Shows. The show continues to this day. The antique remains of the combined shows, including the largest collection of circus wagons in the world, are on display at the Circus World Museum (http://circusworld.wisconsinhistory.org/) in the Ringling's home town, Baraboo, Wisconsin.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/02/GeneralTomThumbWeddingHarpers.jpg/180px-GeneralTomThumbWeddingHarpers.jpg
General Tom Thumb & Lavinia Warren
on their wedding day as they appeared
on the cover of Harper's Weekly in 1863.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Barnum_%26_Bailey_clowns_and_geese2.jpg/250px-Barnum_%26_Bailey_clowns_and_geese2.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Phineas_Taylor_Barnum_portrait.jpg/200px-Phineas_Taylor_Barnum_portrait.jpg

Phineas Taylor Barnum (1810-1891)
He is oft misquoted for having said,
"There's a sucker born every minute."
The familiar phrase was actually uttered
by David Hannum, a huckster who perpetrated
the Cardiff Giant (http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/archive/permalink/the_cardiff_giant/) hoax, then had
the audacity to sue Barnum for creating a
fake of his fake. Barnum's biggest innovation
in the circus business was to move his show
via train, which he owned. With no real roads
in America, it was a brilliant move, later copied
by other circus operators, that allowed the show
to bypass small towns and go directly to larger
cities where larger crowds increased profits.

...in 1994, a brutal civil war began in Rwanda with the murder of 10 Belgian peace keepers who were in Rwanda at the request of the United Nations. The attack was designed to discourage international interruption, which it succeeded in doing. In the following three months, the Hutu extremists who had seized control of Rwanda murdered an estimated 800,000 civilian Tutsis in a massive genocide, the largest since the Holocaust. The Tutsis comprised 10% of the Rwandan population and received no assistance from the international community. The Hutus and Tutsis were of similar background, shared a common language and a shared culture that went back generations. About 1990, Hutu President Juvenal Habyarimana began using anti-Tutsi rhetoric to consolidate his power with the Hutus. There were several raids on the Tutsis resulting in hundreds being massacred. The army and government began to arm the Hutus and in Janurary, 1994, the UN warned that the genocide was imminent. On April 6, 1994, President Habyarimana died when his plane crashed, most likely at the hands of Hutu extremists who believed the president was about to sign a peace treaty. Hutu extremists in the military, led by Colonel Bagosora, killed the Belgians and began to murder innocent Tutsis and moderate Hutus within hours of the crash. Radio broadcasts called for Hutus to kill all the Tutsis in the country. The national police and the army directed the genocide and thousands were hacked to pieces by neighbors armed with machetes. The international community hesitated to take any action, ascribing the genocide to chaos and tribal disputes. The Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) was a Tutsi military group that was outside of the country. They mounted a military action to retake the government. By summer, the RPF had defeated the Hutu forces and drove them out of the country. By that time, over 3/4 of the Tutsi population had been murdered. In 2006 David Kabuye, the Managing Editor of New Times Publications, said "There are no us and them, there are Rwandans." He went on to say that the millions of Rwandans that fled their country during the genocide are still returning but things have changed so much that they don't know their way around. Rwanda is moving toward a knowledge based economy. Kabuye says, "This presents the challenge of developing a high tech communications infrastructure alongside the basic needs for clean water, sewage disposal and power generation. The 1994 genocide is never far away..."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Rusesabagina%2C_Paul_%28Whitehouse%29.jpg
Paul Rusesabagina was the manager of the
Hôtel des Diplomates in Kigali, Rwanda in 1994. He turned
the hotel into a refuge camp, saving 1,268 Tutsis and
moderate Hutus from certain death. His story was told
in the 2004 Don Cheadle film, Hotel Rwanda (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0395169/).

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 43 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1910, the first wooden track for automobile racing opened in Los Angeles near Playa del Rey. The track was based on the design of the velodromes of France that were used for bicycle racing. The track was one mile, banked at 20 degrees and paved completely with 2x4s. The track became known as "The Boards" and cars could reach speeds of 120 miles per hour. Within five years, there were about a half a dozen of the wood tracks operating around the country, some banked as steeply as 45º! (A driver could run his car up to 100 mph on such a track without touching the steering wheel.) By 1931, there were two dozen wood tracks operating, including one in Hollywood where the exclusive shops of Rodeo Drive are located today. Unfortunately, the life expectancy of the wood was five years when it would splinter and develop potholes. During the depression, there just wasn't enough revenue to keep the tracks operational and they all ceased operations. (The LA Motordome burned down in 1913.)

http://www.silhouet.com/motorsport/tracks/usa/playa_del_rey.jpg
Los Angeles Motordrome.

...in 1990, ABC began airing David Lynch's eerie and quirky series, Twin Peaks. Kyle McLachlan played Special Agent Dale Cooper, sent to a small Pacific Northwest town to investigate the murder of Laura Palmer. The show instantly became a cult classic and developed a loyal following, at least, until the story line got a little too weird, even for David Lynch standards. The show was cancelled in June, 1991.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/50/Agentdalecooper.jpg/250px-Agentdalecooper.jpg
Twin Peaks was known for a dizzying array of strange characters,
including Kyle MacLachlan as Dale Cooper, who lived for coffee,
cherry pie and donuts.

...in 1935, Congress voted to approve the Works Progress Administration (WPA) as the crown jewel of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal. The predecessor of the WPA was the Civil Works Administration, which began operation on November 8, 1933 and ceased operation on March 31, 1934 after being struck down by the Supreme Court for being unconstitutional. Both programs were designed to provide employment for chronically unemployed people during the depression era. The WPA hired more than 8.5 million people before it ceased operation in 1943. The program was not to conflict with private enterprise and most projects were on public lands, including parks, bridges, buildings, highways and dams. Even though the program was controversial on constitutional levels, it was extremely popular and contributed to FDR's landslide re-election in 1936. (In the Milwaukee area, WPA projects included many of the county parks. Structures in the parks, bridges and buildings for example, were built with dolomite, locally quarried in an area known as "Lannon" and the dolomite is known here as Lannon Stone. The WPA built the welcome center at the Boerner Botanical Gardens (http://www.boernerbotanicalgardens.org/support/v6.html) in Whitnall Park along with the club house at the golf course. Another New Deal "Make Work" program, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) built the gardens. You probably have similar WPA projects in your community.)

http://www.boernerbotanicalgardens.org/support/v6e.jpg
The Boerner Botanical Gardens were built by
the CCC but the buildings were WPA projects.

http://bridgehunter.com/photos/11/34/113448-M.jpg
http://bridgehunter.com/photos/11/34/113452-M.jpg
Many bridges in Milwaukee County Parks were
built by the WPA.

...in 1974, Henry Aaron hit his 715th career home run to break the all time career record set by Babe Ruth. Aaron started his career in the old Negro Leagues and played minor league ball in Eau Claire, Wisconsin before being called up to the big club, the Milwaukee Braves, in 1954. (The Braves had moved to Milwaukee from Boston in 1953.) Aaron was a local hero to kids like your's truly. When the Braves were stolen by Atlanta interests, Aaron went to Atlanta. In 1975, he was traded to the Milwaukee Brewers where he finished his career playing in front of the fans who still loved him. He wound up with 755 career home runs and was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1982. He is still active in baseball as an executive with Atlanta.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/HankAaron.jpg
Hank Aaron ca. 1957. Note the "M" on
his hat. The Braves broke my 13 year old
heart when they moved to Atlanta, taking
Hank Aaron with them.

“Trying to throw a fastball by Henry Aaron
is like trying to sneak a sunrise past a rooster.”
— Curt Simmons

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 29 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1865, the Civil War came to an end when Confederate General Robert E. Lee met Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia. Lee was dressed in his best uniform while Grant was dressed in his simple coat, muddy from his week-long pursuit of Lee's army. Lee had been attempting to outrun Grant along the Appomattox River while being shadowed by Union General Phillip Sheridan to the south. Lee was running out of supplies and Confederate soldiers began to desert on the retreat. When Lee arrived at Appomattox Court House, he was trapped. He sent a request to meet with Grant. The men met at 2:00 PM where they reminisced about their work together during the Mexican War, then got down to business. Grant offered generous terms, allowing officers to keep their side arms. He also allowed any officer or soldier to keep horses that they personally owned, in order to help put crops in the field. Lee said the terms would have "the best possible effect upon the men," and "will do much toward conciliating our people." It brought to an end one of the most tragic and bloodiest periods of American history, costing untold property damage but also costing over a million casualties as well as the lives of over 630,000 Americans, more than 350,000 Union soldiers and over a quarter million Confederate soldiers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Appomattox_courthouse.jpg/300px-Appomattox_courthouse.jpg
Appomattox Courthouse, April 1865.

...in 1905, the City of Duluth opened the first aerial car ferry across the ship canal that allowed ship entrance to the Duluth Harbor. It allowed citizen access to Point Park along Lake Avenue. The structure was a huge truss that carried a gondola over the channel. The gondola could carry 125,000 pounds which translated into a streetcar, two fully loaded farm wagons with teams and 350 people. The gondola was suspended about 12 feet above the water and made twelve trips per hour. In 1931, the structure was converted to a lift bridge that is still in operation today.

http://www.duluth.lib.mn.us/Images/Bridge/Gondola.jpg
The gondola could carry 125,000 pounds and made 12 one-minutes
trips per hour during prime hours.

http://www.duluth.lib.mn.us/Images/Bridge/Postcard.jpg
The truss and gondola approaching the north dock.

http://bridgehunter.com/photos/11/48/114815-M.jpg
Today, the truss carries a lift bridge that operates 5,500 times
per year, up to forty times a day in the summer.
(Photo by Historic American Engineering Record.)

...in 1959, NASA introduced the first of America's astronauts, Scott Carpenter, L. Gordon Cooper, John Glenn, Virgil "Gus" Grissom, Walter Schirra Jr., Alan Shepard Jr. and Donald "Deke" Slayton. The seven test pilots were winnowed out from a list of 32 volunteers to be the astronauts of Project Mercury, America's first forray into manned space travel. America was already behind in the "Space Race" with Russia, as the Soviet Union had launched the first artificial satellite, Sputnik in 1957. NASA began the search by reviewing the dossiers of 508 military test pilots, choosing 110 likely candidates. They were divided into three groups, the lower third was eliminated, leaving 64 potential astronauts. Six were found to have grown too tall since their previous exams. After a battery of written and physical tests, the group was narrowed to 31, and they were subjected to some incredible and grueling examinations, including time in a pressure tank and two hours in a chamber that was heated to 130º F. Of these, six were to be selected, but these seven stood out, so all seven were chosen. (The selection process was the basis of the 1983 film The Right Stuff.) Shepard was the first to fly, Grissom was second, Glenn was the first to orbit, Deke Slayton was grounded due to an irregular heartbeat and was replaced on the fourth mission by Scott Carpenter, Wally Shirra flew the fifth mission of 6 orbits, "Gordo" Cooper was the first American in space for over 24 hours and was the last to orbit the earth in a solo capsule.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Project_Mercury-Mercury_Seven-Astronauts.jpg/200px-Project_Mercury-Mercury_Seven-Astronauts.jpg
The Mercury Seven astronauts with a model of an Atlas rocket.
From left to right:
Grissom, Shepard, Carpenter, Schirra,
Slayton, Glenn, Cooper.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mercury_profile.jpg/500px-Mercury_profile.jpg
The manned Mercury launches, from left to right:
Shepard, Grissom, Glenn, Carpenter, Shirra, Cooper.
The first two launches were performed with the Redstone Rocket, a
refined German V-2 rocket (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index274.html#post634156) from World War II.

...in 1939, this date was Easter Sunday and more than 75,000 people crowded the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. to hear Marian Anderson give a free concert. The famed contralto was scheduled to sing at Washington's Constitution Hall, unfortunately, the hall was managed by the Daughters of the American Revolution and they denied her performance because she was African-American. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt immediately resigned her membership from the DAR in protest, followed by thousands of others. Anderson grew up in relative poverty in South Philadelphia but became a world-famous singer in the 1920s. She toured extensively in Europe, where renowned Italian conductor, Arturo Toscanini, told her "Yours is a voice such as one hear once in a hundred years." Recognition came much more slowly in her native America. Although her Lincoln Memorial concert educated Americans to the problem of racial discrimination, it didn't seem to help her personally. It was not until 1955 that she was invited to perform at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York. However, President Dwight Eisenhower made her an honorary delegate to the UN in 1958 and President John Kennedy presented her with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963. She died in 1993 at the age of 96. (Before she died, Ms. Anderson left her entire library to the University of Pennsylvania. If you have never heard her stunning voice, please log on the University of Pennsylvania website (http://www.library.upenn.edu/exhibits/rbm/anderson/) that is dedicated to preserving her legacy and listen to her incredibly clear a beautiful voice.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/MarianAndersonLincolnMemorial.png/300px-MarianAndersonLincolnMemorial.png
Marian Anderson performing at the
Lincoln Memorial in 1939.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Marian_Anderson.jpg/300px-Marian_Anderson.jpg
Marian Anderson ca. 1940
Photo by Carl Van Vechten.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 50 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1866, philanthropist and diplomat Henry Bergh founded the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. In 1863, President Lincoln appointed Bergh to the diplomatic corps to Czar Alexander II. In Russia, Bergh was horrified to see horses beaten by drivers. On his return home, he stopped in London to visit the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals which inspired him to create a chapter in Amereica. In 1866 in New York, he pleaded the case of the "mute servants of mankind" and said that protecting animals was an issue that crossed party lines. The New York legislature granted the charter of the ASPCA and nine days later, passed the first anti-cruelty law in the US. When he died in 1888, 37 of the 38 states had passed anti-cruelty laws. The ASPCA also inspired others to create similar organizations to protect children. In 1874, 9 year old Mary Ellen Wilson was found where she had been tied to a bed and brutally beaten by her step parents. Bergh, with Elbridge T. Gerry (http://www.picturehistory.com/product/id/15705) (an outspoken critic of P.T. Barnum) and John D. Wright (http://www.picturehistory.com/product/id/21826), founded the New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, with Bergh serving as one of the first officers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/HenryBerghCrypt.JPG/180px-HenryBerghCrypt.JPG
Henry Bergh's crypt in Brooklyn includes a bas-relief
statue that honors his work.

...in 1942, the Bataan Death March began. On December 8, 1941, the Japanese began their invasion of the Philippines and within a month, the capitol of Manila fell. The Filipino and American defenders of the islands were forced to retreat to the Bataan Peninsula. They managed to keep the Japanese at bay for three months, but on April 7, the 75,000 troops were surrounded and forced to surrender. They force-march went to a prison at Camp O'Donnell, a distance of 85 miles. The prisoners were forced to make the march in 6 days with only one meager meal of rice and very little water. Weak prisoners who fell out of line were beaten or shot by Japanese guards, a rather merciful fate compared to the many beheadings, cut throats, bayonet stabbings, rapes, disembowelments, numerous rifle butt beatings and a deliberate refusal to allow the prisoners food or water while keeping them continually marching. Of the ones who survived the march, few survived the camp which was liberated by General Douglas MacArthur in 1945. Every April 9, Filipinos pay solemn homage to the victims of the death march on Bataan Day.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/March_of_Death_from_Bataan_to_the_prison_camp_-_Dead_soldiers.jpg/180px-March_of_Death_from_Bataan_to_the_prison_camp_-_Dead_soldiers.jpg
Dead soldiers on the march.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Death_March_Memorial.jpg/180px-Death_March_Memorial.jpg
The Battling Batards of Bataan Memorial
located at Camp O'Donnell, where the Bataan
Death March concluded and the survivors were
imprisoned.

...in 1944, "Hank The Deuce" was promoted to executive vice president of Ford Motor Company. Henry Ford II had been released from the US Navy to return to Ford Motor Company to take control after the death of his father, Edsel Bryant Ford. Henry II hated his grandfather for the years of (Old) Henry's mistreatment of Edsel, the only child of Henry and Clara Ford. Old Henry had two lieutenants, Harry Bennett and Charles "Cast Iron Charlie" Sorenson, who appeared (to the outside world) to be the heirs apparent to the throne. Harry Bennett was a thug who ran Ford's secret police, known as "The Service Department." Bennett planned on becoming president of Ford Motor Company upon Henry's death. Sorenson didn't appear to have such ambitions and left the company after 40 years. (Sorenson received a great deal of media attention for the success of the Willow Run bomber plant (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index274.html#post634508) to the disapproval of Old Henry.) After the death of Edsel, Old Henry was probably too elderly and frail to run the company but still retook the presidency of the empire that bore his name. Harry Bennett was not the man the government wanted to deal with. Because Ford Motor Company was a major materiel supplier, the War Department insisted on Henry II taking control of the company and released the younger Ford from the navy. Henry II had little power as vice president, and Bennett was pretty much running the show. In a classic power struggle that included Clara Ford threatening to sell her company stock, Henry II was promoted to president. His first order of business was to fire Harry Bennett and escort him from the premises. After the war, "HF2" hired a package of 10 management experts from the army that were first called "The Quiz Kids" for questioning everything. After they helped turn the company around, they became known as "The Whiz Kids" and most went on to bigger things. One of the Whiz Kids, Robert McNamara, would leave Ford Motor to become the Secretary of Defense in the Kennedy Administration.

http://www.fernhouse.com/pics/earlycars03.jpg
The Fords, Henry, Clara and Henry II with
Henry's first car, the 1896 Quadracycle.

...in 1933, President Roosevelt established another agency in his alphabet soup of agenices to make work and fight the Great Depression. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was established to give employment to unmarried young men between the ages of 18-26. Recruits had to be physically fit, healthy and ready to perform tough physical labor. Critics referred to the CCC as "Roosevelt's tree army" because part of the CCC charter was planting trees in the cutover areas left behind by logging of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In fact, when building his case, FDR said "the forests are the 'lungs' of our land [which] purify our air and give fresh strength to our people." (He was referring to the fact that trees turn carbon dioxide into oxygen, a fact that seems to have slipped past our modern politicians.) CCC enlistments lasted for six months and many reenlisted at the end of the period. Members were paid $30 per month, $25 of that was sent home. They lived in camps, complete with military style barracks. The CCC planted millions of trees, always in straight, uniform lines which can still be seen all over the northern states. They also built parks, wildlife refuges, camp facilities, bridges, fish hatcheries, reservoirs and other public facilities. Between 1933 and its end in 1942, the CCC employed over 3 million men.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/CCC_constructing_road.gif
CCC workers building a road, ca. 1933.

http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site234/2008/0413/20080413_124745_ccc-theater_200.jpg
CCC workers built the Sidney B. Cushing
Memorial Amphitheater, on Mt. Tamalpais, which
adjoins Muir Woods. Many of the facilities in Muir
Woods were also CCC projects.

http://www.boernerbotanicalgardens.org/support/v6b.jpg
CCC workers lived in army-style barracks. This was a CCC
camp at 606 acre farm in Hales Corners, Wisconsin. When the CCC
was done converting the land, it became Whitnall Park and the
Boerner Botanical Gardens.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 67 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1970, the third lunar landing mission departed Cape Canaveral, destined for the Fra Mauro highlands on the moon. The crew of Apollo 13 consisted of John L. Swigert, Fred W. "Freddo" Haise and was commanded by James A. Lovell. About 200,000 miles from home at 9:08 PM EST on April 13, the crew performed a routine maintenance task, a "stir" of the oxygen tanks. The tank exploded, expelling most of the flight's oxygen supply, prompting Lovell to radio back to earth, "Houston, we've had a problem here." The mission immediately changed from landing on the moon to just getting the flight home safely. With the mission on its way to the moon and no way to recall it, Mission Control decided the best option would be to let the mission continue to the moon. Like the first lunar missions, the flight would orbit the moon one time and use the moon's gravity to slingshot the the flight back toward the earth. With the oxygen badly depleted, Mission Control directed the crew to use the Lunar Landing Module, or LM which was pronounced as "Lem," as a lifeboat. The LM was designed to carry two astronauts to the moon's surface, support them for 45 hours and return to the command module. The LM would have to support three men for more than 90 hours and navigate the flight around the moon and back home. The LM had no navigation tools or computer, so all course corrections had to be worked out by hand and by dead reconing. Once the flight rounded the moon, a five minute burn of the LM's landing rocket was required to propel the flight home. Just before 1 PM on April 17, the Apollo 13's capsule re-entered the earth's atmosphere and a few minutes later, splashed down in the Pacific Ocean. A 1974 made-for-TV movie Houston, We've Got a Problem revolved around the flight but was not really about the flight itself. Jim Lovell wrote a book about the ordeal entitled Lost Moon that became the basis of the 1995 Ron Howard film, Apollo 13. (Both films, like the rest of the world, misquoted Jim Lovell's report of "Houston, we've had a problem here.")

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Apollo13_-_SM_after_separation.jpg/180px-Apollo13_-_SM_after_separation.jpg
The Apollo 13 Service Module, showing the damage caused
by the explosion. The module later burned up on re-entry and the
remains sunk into the Tonga Trench.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Apollo_13_crew_postmission_onboard_USS_Iwo_Jima.jp g/250px-Apollo_13_crew_postmission_onboard_USS_Iwo_Jima.jp g
The crew ofApollo 13 safely about the USS Iwo Jima.

...in 1870, Lord Muncaster or Britain was kidnapped by Greek pirates while he was visiting Marathon, Greece. The pirates had been using kidnapping as a method of income for some time and demaned £50,000 for the release of their captives. A confrontation between the Greek army and the pirates resulted in the deaths of almost everyone, including Lord Muncaster, the only escapee was the pirate captain. England threatened war over the incident, but Russian intervention kept the peace. The Greeks cracked down on piracy and while kidnappings dropped off, international tension still ran high. The pirate captain was shot and killed two years later. (On April 8, 2009, Somalian pirates took an American-flagged freighter, the Maersk Alabama. The crew retook the ship, but the pirates escaped in a lifeboat and took the captain of the ship as a hostage. Navy SEALS killed the pirates in the lifeboat and saved the captain. It was the first American ship to be taken by pirates since the Tripolitan Wars of the early 19th Century.)

...in 1945, the Buchenwald concentration camp near Weimar, Germany, was liberated by the American Third Army. Buchenwald was determined to be second only to Auschwitz in terms of horror and mistreatment of human beings. Many of the prisoners were slave labor at local munitions plants, they were political or religious prisoners, communists, Russians, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, POWs and there were doctors, writers, artists and several members of royal families, As the American army moved closer, the Gestapo phoned the offices of Buchenwald, telling them to blow up everything at the camp, facilities, prisoners, all of it, to prevent any incriminating evidence to fall into the hands of the Americans. The officers of the camp had long since abandoned the camp and a prisoner answered the phone. He told the Gestapo that everything had already been blown up. Buchenwald did not have any facilities of death, as Auschwitz did, there were no gas chambers or crematoriums. However, thousands of inmates died over the years, from disease, malnutrition, beatings and executions. In addition, Buchenwald was the site of numerous "medical experiments" where inmates were injected with various infections and vaccines. Ilse Koch was the wife of the camp's commandant and she had a particularly gruesome disposition. Koch carried a riding crop with which to beat prisoners and forced prisoners to rape one another for her entertainment. It is rumored that she also had a collection of lampshades, book covers and gloves made from the tanned skins of prisoners but that has not been verified.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ilse_Koch.jpg/135px-Ilse_Koch.jpg
Ilse Koch, "The Witch of Buchewald" but also
known by a similar name that rhymes.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Buchenwald_Slave_Laborers_Liberation.jpg/180px-Buchenwald_Slave_Laborers_Liberation.jpg
Prisoners in Buchenwald, April 1945

...in 1888, on her 22nd birthday, Clara Bryant married Henry Ford in Greenfield, Michigan. Henry always called her "The Great Believer" because she supported him in all his endeavors, public and private. At the time of their marriage, Henry lived on an 80 acre farm that belonged to his father, but farming was not for him. He had worked for George Westinghouse as a repairman where he first encountered a self-propelled vehicle, a giant steam tractor. After his marriage, he took a job with the Edison Illuminating Company in Detroit and began his rise through the engineering world. Clara kept house and put up with his experiments, even helping him run his first internal combustion engine on her kitchen sink. She gave birth to their only child, Edsel Bryant Ford, on November 6, 1893. (He was named after Henry's boyhood friend, Edsel Ruddiman.) Clara did stand up to him when she saw the necessity, including during WWII after the death of Edsel. Henry wanted to make Harry Bennett the president of Ford Motor Company. Clara put her foot down, said no, and threatened to sell her stock in Ford Motor Co. if Bennett became president. Ford capitulated and his grandson, Henry Ford II was made president. In 1914, Henry bought 2,000 acres on the River Rouge in Dearborn and built a mansion, called Fair Lane, where the couple lived the rest of their lives. Henry passed away at Fair Lane in 1947, ironically, during a flood of the River Rouge that shut down the power plant. Henry left the world the way he entered it, in a room lit by candles and lamps. Clara survived him for three years, passing away in 1950.

http://www.hfmgv.org/exhibits/hf/clara.jpg
Clara and Edsel Ford, 1894 (Photo P.O.801 from
the collection of The Henry Ford.)

http://www.findagrave.com/photos250/photos/2007/132/8513421_117910823385.jpg
Clara Bryant Ford (1866-1950)

http://www.henryfordestate.org/filesfairlanestory/airbig.jpg
Fair Lane on the River Rouge, now the Dearborn
Campus of the University of Michigan.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 59 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1945, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt passed from a cerebral hemorrhage at his home in Warm Springs, Georgia. He was the only man to be elected to the presidency four times and was the inspiration for the 22nd amendment that prevents a president from serving more than two terms. FDR had been elected to replace Herbert Hoover, on whom the great depression was blamed. Hoover just had the bad luck of being in office when the market crashed in 1929 but popular perception was that the depression was his fault. FDR promised to end the Great Depression, a promise he was unable to keep in two terms, but he was elected to a third term, anyway. He is remembered by fans and foes alike for his alphabet soup of agencies that were supposed to bring prosperity. His campaign for a third term promised American neutrality in the world war. When Great Britain was on the ropes against Germany, FDR convinced Congress to pass the Lend-Lease Act, providing much needed aid. The United States entered the war, anyway, after Japanese forces attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. FDR did prove to be a formidable war leader. FDR's demand for unconditional surrender of the Axis Powers remains controversial, critics say it prolonged the war although other historians believe it was the only way to successfully crush the Nazi movement, and that Japan would have fought to the end regardless of any other terms of surrender.

On the 22nd Amendment, George Washington served only two terms and until Roosevelt, the two-term limit was observed as an unwritten convention. Thomas Jefferson wrote, "If some termination to the services of the chief Magistrate be not fixed by the Constitution, or supplied by practice, his office, nominally four years, will in fact become for life." Ulysses S. Grant ran for a third term but barely lost his party's nomination. Critics of the amendment say it makes a second term president a lame duck, first noted by President Dwight Eisenhower. However, proponents say it does prevent a president from abusing power and becoming president for life.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/FDR_memorial.jpg/250px-FDR_memorial.jpg
The FDR Memorial depicts the president with his
loyal companion, a Scottish Terrier named Fala.

...in 1961, the first man reached space, but it wasn't an American, it was Soviet Cosmonaut Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin who also orbited the earth during this, the first manned space flight. The successful flight was a punch in the eye for the United States, a manned Mercury flight was planned for May but an orbital flight eldued NASA until February 1969. The Soviet propoganda machine made hay with the space race, claiming socialist supremacy over capitalism. The secret behind the Soviet success was actually one man, Sergei Pavlovich Korolev. He was unknown to the western world until his death in 1966. Korolev was part of the team that launched the first Soviet liquid fueled rocket in 1933. In Stalin's purge of 1938, Korolev's sponsor was lost and Korolov fell under suspicion. He was convicted of sabotage and sentenced to 10 years. The Russians became concerned about German advances in rocketry and built a lab in the gulag, ordering Korolov to continue his research. After the war, he was sent to Germany to learn about the V-2 rocket. By the time he got there, the Americans had captured Wernher von Braun and most of his staff, along with most of the components. Korolov did find a fair amount of V-2 technology and by 1954, Korolov had built an ICBM capable of delivering a five-ton warhead to the United States. Korolov was still technically a prisoner, but his numerous space firsts allowed him to be officially listed as "rehabilitated." Korolov had many firsts - first animal in orbit, first man in space, first man in orbit, first woman in space, first space walk, first impact on the moon, first pictures of the dark side of the moon, first soft landing on the moon, all these while being referred to only as "The Chief Designer." After his unexpected death, he was buried in the Kremlin wall, a hero of the Soviet Union. Yuri Gagarin continued his work but was killed in a jet-aircraft test flight in 1968. He is also buried in the Kremlin wall.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/Korolev_Kurchatov_Keldysh.jpg/300px-Korolev_Kurchatov_Keldysh.jpg
Chief Designer Sergei Korolev (left) with
Mstisla Keldysh and Igro Kurchatov in 1956.
The three men put the Soviet Union into space,
ahead of the United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Gagarin_space_suite.jpg/140px-Gagarin_space_suite.jpg
Yuri Gagarin, the first man into space.

...in 1922, Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle was found not guilty for the death of starlet Virginia Rapp. She had died at a rather wild party in San Francisco and Arbuckle, one of the most successful comics and directors of the time, was implicated in her death. He was tried and convicted in the press, and even though he was acquitted on this date, his reputation was ruined. He did try directing under an assumed name in the 1920s but the magic was gone.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f4/Arbuckle.jpg/180px-Arbuckle.jpg
Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle (1887-1933)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/KeystoneKops.jpg
The Keystone Cops were extremely popular. On the far right is Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle.

...in 1861, Confederate General P.G.T. Beauregard opened fire on Fort Sumter, a Union-held on Charleston Bay in South Carolina. After 34 hours, Union Major Robert Anderson surrendered the fort and the Civil War had begun. Two days later, President Abraham Lincoln called for 75,000 troops to quell the southern insurrection. When it was over four years later, 620,000 lives had been lost.

...in 1633, Father Vincenzo Maculano da Firenzuola, appointed by Pope Urban VIII, began the inquisition of physicist and astronomer Galileo Galilei with the intent of finding him guilty of heresy. Galileo held the belief of the Copernican view of the universe, that is, the earth orbited the sun. The Catholic Church held the "geocentric" view that the earth is the center of the universe and the sun revolves around the earth. In 1616, Galileo had been in trouble with the Church over the same topic and was forbidden from teaching his beliefs. He denied holding the belief but continued to write about it as a "discussion." In 1633, his argument didn't work. On June 22, 1633, he was convicted and sentenced to house arrest. Over 300 years later, the Catholic Church finally admitted it was wrong and cleared Galileo of heresy.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Galileo_facing_the_Roman_Inquisition.jpg
The painting Galileo facing the Roman Inquisition by Cristiano Banti, 1857.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 75 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1970, as we reported two days ago, Apollo 13 was on its way to the moon when, on this date, an explosion in an oxygen tank that was part of the Service Module exploded. Commander Jim Lovell called mission control to report, "Houston, we've had a problem here." The ordeal inspired Jim Lovell to write a book about it entitled Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo 13 that was the basis of the Ron Howard film Apollo 13.

http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41H5P9JVY7L._SL500_AA240_.jpg
The book has since been
renamedApollo 13.

http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/5132G2R8X2L._BO2,204,203,200_PIsitb-sticker-arrow-click,TopRight,35,-76_AA240_SH20_OU01_.jpg
Gene Kranz, the leader of the Tiger
Team that saved the Apollo 13 mission,
wrote his memoirs of his life in
NASA Mission Control.

...in 1861, Fort Sumpter surrendered, completing the first battle of the Civil War and ending in a Confederate victory. Fort Sumpter was actually incomplete, and when South Carolina seceded in December 1860, the fort was suddenly in peril. President Lincoln sent word in April that he was sending supplies to the fort. The Confederates took action and opened fire. Inside the fort was Major Robert Anderson along with 9 officers, 68 enlisted men, 8 musicians and 43 construction workers. One of the officers was Captain Abner Doubleday, the legendary (if not actual) inventor of baseball. Even though the Confederates launched 4,000 rounds into the fort, the only casaulty of the battle was a Confederate horse. After surrendering, Major Anderson and his force were allowed to return north. The Confederates gave them a 100 gun salute - but one Confederate soldier was killed and another mortally wounded when a shell exploded prematurely. The Civil War had officially begun.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Bombardment_of_Fort_Sumter%2C_1861.png/300px-Bombardment_of_Fort_Sumter%2C_1861.png
Bombardment of Fort Sumter(1861) by George Edward Perine (1837-1885).

...in 1866, in Beaver, Utah Territory, Robert Leroy Parker was born. He was the son of Mormons who had moved to Utah with Bringham Young. He was the first of 13 children. When he was 13, he met a local ruffian named Mike Cassidy, who taught Parker how to shoot and outfitted him with a gun and a saddle. He was forced to leave the community under a cloud of suspicion for rustling. He kicked around the west for a few years, using the name Roy Parker, but in June of 1889, he robbed a bank in Teluride, Colorado. He started to call him self George Cassidy, probably for his mentor. Laying low, he worked as a butcher in Rock Springs, Wyoming, earning the nickname that would make him famous, Butch. In 1894, he was arrested as a horse thief and did two years in the Wyoming Territorial Prison. When he got out, he formed a gang called The Wild Bunch, later they were also known as the Train Robbers Syndicate for the systematic method of robbing trains. Butch Cassidy had a well known gang, the most notorious was Harry Longbaugh, better known as The Sundance Kid. As the 19th Century was winding down, the wild west was getting tamed, open lands were being fenced and a more efficient law enforcement network was coming into play. In 1901, Butch Cassidy, Etta Place and The Sundance Kid fled the United States for South America, living a legal life as ranchers in Argentina. When they learned that law enforcement had tracked them down, they headed for Bolivia and Place returned to the United States. Reportedly, Bolivian soldiers shot and killed them, but that has never been verified. Family members claim that Butch and Sundance returned to the United States, living well into retirement in annonymity in Nebraska. There is some circumstancial evidence that The Sundance Kid died in 1937, Butch sometime later.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Butchcassidy.jpg/250px-Butchcassidy.jpg
Robert LeRoy Parker,
aka Butch Cassidy

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0f/EttaPlace.jpg/260px-EttaPlace.jpg
Henry Longabaugh and Etta
Place, just before departing for
South America.

...in 1997, Tiger Woods won the Masters, the most prestigious of the major golf tournaments. Woods was the first person of color to ever win the Masters. The tournament is always held at the Augusta National Golf Club, which admitted its first black member in 1990. Eldrick Woods was born in 1975, a golf prodigy who was swinging clubs at 2 and won three US Junior Amateurs and three US Amateur tournaments before playing golf for Stanford. He turned pro in August 1996, playing in his first PGA tournament at the Brown Deer Park golf course in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Woods also won the Masters in 2001, 2002 and 2005. In 2006, Tiger Woods was the highest paid athlete in all professional sports. In 2009, well, let's not rehash all that, okay?

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tiger_Woods_US.jpg/180px-Tiger_Woods_US.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Tiger_Woods_2007.jpg/200px-Tiger_Woods_2007.jpg
Eldrick "Tiger" Woods

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 51 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1865, Abraham Lincoln attended a performance of Our American Cousin at Ford's Theater when an actor from the play shot and killed the President. The assassination came just two days after Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered his forces at Appomattox Court House, effectively ending the Civil War. John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate sympathizer and the source of the phrase, "bad actor," heard that the president would be at the performance, and he launched a plot that would murder Lincoln, Vice President Andrew Johnson and Secretary of State William H. Seward at the same time. By eliminating the President and the top two in line for ascension to the presidency, Booth hoped to throw the US government into total disarray. At the same time Booth was acting out his leg of the plan, Lewis T. Powell burst into Seward's home where he wounded Seward and three others. George A. Atzerod was assigned to murder Vice President Johnson but he chickened out and fled. Booth entered the President's box, shot him in the back of the head, and slashed an army officer who rushed him. Booth jumped to the stage while shouting "Sic semper tyrannis! [Thus always to tyrants] The South is avenged!" He broke his leg during the jump but he still managed to flee Washington. Meanwhile, the mortally wounded president was taken to a rooming house across the street where he died at 7:22 AM the next morning. Booth fled across country with the army and secret service in hot pursuit. Booth's leg was treated by Dr. Samuel Mudd, then was later cornered in a barn and alledgedy died of a self inflicted gunshot wound as the barn burned. Eight other conspirators were charged and tried, four (including Dr. Mudd) were jailed and four were hung.

(There is some compelling evidence that Booth was a member of the Knights of the Golden Circle (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index274.html#post636549) and that he actually ecaped and lived out his life in the south in annonymity, using the pseudonym John St. Helen. John St. Helen died in Enid, Oklahoma in 1903. Dr. Mudd did not give rise to the phrase "Your name will be Mudd" (it was in use at least 10 years before he was born) but certainly increased its usage. Dr. Mudd's descendants continue to claim his innocence and plead for a presidential pardon.

Lincoln, meanwhile, continued to be a hero and martyr for decades. He is the namesake of countless cities, streets, bridges, memorials, a brand of automobile and of the first paved coast-to-coast highway in America. For many decades, all clocks for sale in the United States, if not running, were displayed at the time of 7:22.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.j pg/225px-Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.j pg
Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the United States

http://www.lincolnhighwayassoc.org/info/wy/thumbnails/lincoln_monument.jpg
The Lincoln Monument near Laramie, Wyoming.
The monument is in a rest area on I-80, relocated from
a point 200 feet higher than the rest area, on the original
route of the Lincoln Highway (http://www.lincolnhighwayassoc.org/info/wy/). Photo by Christopher Plummer.
(The rest area is the highest point on I-80.)

...in 1986, the United States launched air strikes against Muammar al-Qaddafi's Libya in retaliation for Libyan sponsorship of terrorism against American citizens and troops. More than 100 Air Force and Navy aircraft leveled five military targets and terrorism centers. In the 70s and 80s, the Libyan government had sponsored anti-U.S. and anti-British terrorist groups including Palestinian guerrillas, Filipino Muslims, even the Irish Republican Army and the Black Panthers. The US imposed sanctions against Libya in response, and in 1981, Libya fired at US aircraft in the Gulf of Sidra. Later that year, planned attacks against America were uncovered and stopped, including bombings and assassinations of American officials and diplomats. In December, 1985, five Americans were killed in attacks in Rome and Vienna. On March 24, 1986, Libyan and American forces skirmished again in the Gulf of Sidra, sending four Libyan attack boats to the bottom. On April 5, terrorists at the direction of Qadaffi bombed a West Berlin discoteque, known to be frequented by American servicemen, one American man and a Turkish woman died, more than 200 were injured. On this date, the Americans struck with an awesome stroke in Tripoli and Banghazi. Before the attack was completed, President Ronald Reagan went on television to announce the operation. "When our citizens are abused or attacked anywhere in the world," he said, "we will respond in self-defense. Today we have done what we had to do. If necessary, we shall do it again."

Not a peep was heard out of Libya or Qadaffi, until two Libyan nationals brought down a Pan Am 747 over Lockerbie, Scotland in 1988. The suspects were known and charged but Libya refused to extradite them for trial. FInally, in 1999, to ease tensions, Qadaffi turned them over. In addition, he was one of the first Muslim leaders to condemn al-Qaida after 9/11. British Prime Minister Tony Blair visited Libya in 2004 and praised Libya for being a strong ally in the International War on Terror. Oops. The Overseas Contingency Operation. :rolleyes:

...in 1956, the first video tape recorder, the Ampex VR-1000, capable of recording both images and sound, was demonstrated by the inventors, Ray Dolby, Fred Pfost, Shelby Henderson, Alex Maxy, Charles Ginsberg and Charles Anderson. CBS made the first purchase of three systems at $75,000.00 each. (What did you pay for your last video camera?)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ampex_VR_1000-B.JPG/800px-Ampex_VR_1000-B.JPG
The first VR-1000 was installed at a television station in
Dallas, Texas.

...in 1894, speaking of moving images, Thomas Edison's Kinetoscope was first seen at an arcade in New York City. Edison's Kinetoscope used celluloid film, a development of George Eastman in 1889 although it was based on concepts set forth by Joseph Niepce and Louis Daguerre of France. Edison built a studio in 1893 to make movies, the first featured three Edison workers acting as blacksmiths. The Kinetoscope could only be viewed by one person at a time, inspiring Louis and August Lumiere to invent the Cinematographe, a camera and projector system not unlike the system still used today.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Kinetophonebis1.jpg/275px-Kinetophonebis1.jpg
This Kinetoscope included sound from an
Edison cylinder inside the unit.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/ButterflyDancebis.jpg
This 35mm filmstrip entitled
Butterfly Dance with Annabelle Whitford Moore
became the film standard for the motion
picture industry.

...in 1912, just a few minutes before midnight, the RMS Titanic struck an iceberg in the North Atlantic Ocean. The hull was ruptured and she began to sink. The Titanic had departed Southampton, England on its maiden voyage, bound for New York, just four days earlier. She was designed by William Pirrie, 883 feet long and with 16 water-tight compartments, the Titanic was thought to be unsinkable. The Titanic had two sister ships, the RMS Olympic and RMS Britanic. The RMS Britanic was converted to a WWI hospital ship and sank in 1916 after hitting a mine. The RMS Olympic served until 1935 and earned the name "Old Reliable." The RMS Olympic was scrapped in 1936.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/RMS_Titanic_3.jpg
The RMS Titanic departs Southampton, England on her ill-fated maiden voyage to New York, April 10, 1912.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Happy (or not so happy) tax due day! There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 46 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1865, at 7:22 AM, President Abraham Lincoln passed away from a gunshot wound inflicted by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theater the previous evening. See yesterday's update thread for more of the story.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/The_Assassination_of_President_Lincoln_-_Currier_and_Ives_2.png/280px-The_Assassination_of_President_Lincoln_-_Currier_and_Ives_2.png
A sketch by Currier & Ives Assassination of Abraham Lincoln.
From left to right: Major Henry Rathbone, Clara Harris, Mary Todd Lincoln,
Abraham Lincoln, and John Wilkes Booth.

...in 1927, Douglas Fairbanks and America's Sweetheart, Mary Pickford became the first celebrities to be preserved in concrete at Grauman's Chinese Theater. The landmark was still under construction at the time. Sid Grauman was one of the partners and accidentally stepped in wet cement. He immediately called over to Mary Pickford, another partner in the theater, to come and step in the concrete and leave her footprints and hand prints. She, in turn, called over her husband, Douglas Fairbanks, to do the same and a tradition was started that continues to this day.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Grauman%27s_Chinese_Theatre%2C_by_Carol_Highsmith_ fixed_%26_straightened.jpg/275px-Grauman%27s_Chinese_Theatre%2C_by_Carol_Highsmith_ fixed_%26_straightened.jpg
Grauman's Chinese Theater

...in 1912, the RMS Titanic sank into the North Atlantic Ocean after hitting an iceberg just before midnight on the 14th. There were not enough lifeboats to accommodate everyone on board. Of the 2,223 passengers and crew on board the ship, only 706 survived. More Americans survived than English, it is theorized that the British were too polite to push themselves aboard a lifeboat. After the sinking, maritime laws changed regarding lifeboat quantities and capacities. The RMS Titanic was located in 1985 and has been visited numerous times. Over 5,000 artifacts have been removed from the remains of the vessel and great controversy still swirls around the propriety of removing any item from the ship.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Reuterdahl_-_Sinking_of_the_Titanic.jpg/756px-Reuterdahl_-_Sinking_of_the_Titanic.jpg
A drawing by Henry Reuterdahl of the disaster, as described by radio reports.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Titanic-bow_seen_from_MIR_I_submersible.jpeg/180px-Titanic-bow_seen_from_MIR_I_submersible.jpeg
The bow of the RMS Titanic on the ocean floor.

...in 1912, Aboard the Titanic was a Denver socialite, philanthropist and activist named Margaret Tobin Brown. Margaret Tobin was born into poverty in Hannibal, Missouri in 1867. As a teenager, she went to Leadville, Colorado to join her brother who was working in a silver mine. She met James J. Brown, the manager of the mine and married him in 1886. Brown stumbled into a huge gold deposit and the couple became incredibly wealthy overnight. They moved to Denver, bought a huge mansion and they tried to ingratiate themselves with the Denver society. The Denver bluebloods did not care much for Maggie, apparently too much for them to handle. She must have been too much for Brown, too, for the couple separated. "Molly" went east, still bolstered by her great wealth and became the darling of eastern society. The Vanderbilts and Astors loved her frankness and refreshing stories of the wild west. In 1912, she was catapulted to the international stage when she was tossed into a lifeboat after the Titanic struck an iceberg. She maintained the morale of the survivors in the lifeboat by telling stories of the west. The press dubbed her "The Unsinkable Mrs. Brown." Eventually, her money ran out and she died in New York of a brain tumor in 1932. The 1960 musical The Unsinkable Molly Brown reintroduced her and immortalized the unique character that was Molly Brown.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Molly_brown_rescue_award_titanic.jpg/225px-Molly_brown_rescue_award_titanic.jpg
Margaret Brown presents an award to
Arthur Henry Rostron for his service in the
rescue of Titanic's surviving passengers.

...in 1924, the first Rand-McNally road atlas was released. They had been printing road maps since 1904 but this was the first time a comprehensive atlas had been printed specifically for automobiles. William Rnad opened a print shop in Chicago in 1856 and an Irish immigrant, Andrew McNally went to work in the shop. They did a great deal of business with the Chicago Tribune and in 1868, the two incorporated and bought out the entire Tribune printing operation. Legend has it that during the Chicago Fire of 1871, Rand McNally buried two presses in the sand of the Lake Michigan beach and were back up and running right after the fire. The company printed rail schedules and began including a map in the late 19th century. So well known and ubiquitous in the map industry, they have been the target of jokes from the Simpsons to Bing Crosby who boasted that he knew a fishing spot so secret that Rand never told McNally where it was. The company is still located in Skokie, Illinois and remains the largest producer of maps. (It is said that Rand McNally influenced the development of today's familiar system of numbered highways but it might be that numbered highways drove Rand McNally. The first numbered highways in the world were put into place in May 1918 in the state of Wisconsin.) You can plan out your road trip on the Rand McNally website (http://www.randmcnally.com/rmc/directions/dirGetMapInput.jsp).

http://usm.maine.edu/maps/exhibit9/images/97.jpg

...in 1947, Jackie Robinson became the first African-American to play Major League baseball. Jackie Robinson had been an outstanding football and baseball player in college and played for the Kansas City Monarchs, the most successful of the old Negro League teams. Branch Rickey of the Brooklyn Dodgers had been scouting Robinson and in August of 1945, Rickey asked Robinson if he could face the racial tensions without taking the bait and reacting angrily. Robinson was aghast: "Are you looking for a Negro who is afraid to fight back?" Rickey replied that he needed a Negro player "with guts enough not to fight back." Robinson played with the AAA affiliate of the Dodgers, the Montreal Royals, in 1946. The season was successful for the second baseman, although fatiguing for the racial animosity he faced everywhere he went. He was called up to the Dodgers for the 1947 season and broke the color barrier before 26,623 fans at Ebbets Field, of which at least 14,000 were black. There was a great deal of racism, the media questioned whether or not Robinson should be allowed to play and even his teammates mumbled about him being on the team. Manager Leo Durocher told the team, "I do not care if the guy is yellow or black, or if he has stripes like a [expletive] zebra. I'm the manager of this team, and I say he plays. What's more, I say he can make us all rich. And if any of you cannot use the money, I will see that you are all traded." Despite the turmoil he faced all season, Robinson had a stellar season and was the 1948 Rookie of the Year.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Jrobinson.jpg/200px-Jrobinson.jpg
Jackie Robinson

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 65 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1935, one of the most beloved and longest-running radio comedies of all time premiered. Fibber McGee & Molly grew out of a previous radio show called Smackout but it was McGee that everyone remembers. Fibber McGee was an incessant windbag known for his tall tales. His long-suffering spouse, Molly, usually saved the day and bailed McGee out of whatever trouble he was in. McGee was played by Jim Jordan and Molly by Marian Jordan, Jim's wife in real life. The successful formula was ground breaking at the time and has been reproduced by most successful comedies ever since. Recurring gags, repeating characters and familiar catchphrases made the show a success. Most famous were Molly's response to any of Fibber's bad jokes with the line, "T'aint funny, McGee!" and the most enduring gag of all time was McGee's hall closet that, when opened, followed with an avalanche of sound effect items, the last one always being a crystal clear bell. McGee's next line was always, "I gotta get that closet cleaned out one of these days." To this day, "McGee's closet" is in the vernacular to describe clutter. Two shows spun off from Fibber McGee & Molly, their maid, Beulah made it to both radio and television but the best known spin-off was that of their neighbor, Throckmorton P. Gildersleeve who became The Great Gildersleeve. You can hear episodes of Fibber McGee & Molly on the Old Time Radio (http://www.otr.net/?p=fibb) website.

...in 1908, Edward Murphy, the owner and designer of the Pontiac Buggy Company, produced his first automobile that was sold to a private owner. Murphy called his automobile the Oakland. Murphy had also asked for Alanson Brush, the designer of the Brush Runabout, to join him in the automobile venture. Oakland operated for about a year when Murphy unexpectedly died. Oakland was aquired by Billy Durant to be another marque for General Motors and Alanson Brush left to start the Brush Motor Company. The acquisition by Durant was questioned by many, as Oakland was not a particularly attractive or successful venture. The purchase of Oakland might have been the start of Durant being forced out of GM, the company he had founded. (He would later regain control of GM.) Years later, GM would start a "companion car" for each line of cars. Cadiallac had LaSalle, Buick had Marquette, Oldsmobile had Viking and Oakland had Pontiac. When the companion car program was discontinued in 1931, LaSalle, Marquette and Viking went away. Pontiac stayed and Oakland went away.

...in 1943, a Swiss chemist working for the Sandoz pharmaceutical research lab in Basel, Switzerland, accidentally comsumed a dose of LSD-25. Albert Hoffman had created the drug in 1938 while researching lysergic acid compounds for potential use in medicine. Dr. Hoffman was disturbed by hallucinations, of which he took notes. If that wasn't enough, he took it again to confirm that LSD was what had caused his hallucinations. He published a report of his discovery, forever placing LSD into the world. It did not receive any widespread use until the 1960s when counter-culture figures like Timothy Leary and Albert M. Hubbard began promoting the benefits of using LSD as a recreational drug. The manufacture, sale, possession and use of LSD has been illegal in the United States since 1965.

...in 1926, the first Book-of-the-Month Club selection was shipped to the 5,000 members who had joined the club. The first book was Lolly Willows, or, The Loving Huntsman by Sylvia Townsend Warner. No, I never heard of her, either, but she even has her own website (http://www.townsendwarner.com/).

http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51XY5R888BL._BO2,204,203,200_PIsitb-sticker-arrow-click,TopRight,35,-76_AA240_SH20_OU01_.jpg

...in 1947, Bernard Baruch, a multimillionaire and finacier, gave a speech in the South Carolina House of Representatives where he coined the term "Cold War." The speech was given during the unveiling of his portrait. Baruch had been advising Democrat presidents since Woodrow Wilson on economics and foreign policy. He was part of the advisory team at the Paris Peace Conference that ended World War I, he continued to advise FDR and Harry Truman after that. Most expected him to make a few remarks at the unveiling but he went into an attack on industrial labor. He called for longer work weeks, no strikes and for management to promise no layoffs. In what could be termed a very prophetic speech, he said, "Let us not be deceived-we are today in the midst of a cold war. Our enemies are to be found abroad and at home. Let us never forget this: Our unrest is the heart of their success. The peace of the world is the hope and the goal of our political system; it is the despair and defeat of those who stand against us. We can depend only on ourselves."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Bernardbaruch.jpg/180px-Bernardbaruch.jpg
Bernard Baruch (1870-1965)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 73 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1964, the New York World's Fair opened in Flushing, Queens, but the star of the show was the revolutionary new Ford Mustang. The small, sporty automobile was so popular that it spawned an entirely new category known as the Pony Car. The Mustang was basically a Falcon platform with exciting new sheet metal and interior trim featuring the "European" styling of a long nose and short deck - first appearing in America in the Lincoln Continental in 1941. On this day, in 1965, Ford introduced the GT Equipment Group as an option to the Mustang. GM, Chrysler and American Motors were caught unaware and had to scramble to come up with competitve products.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/1964-mustang-rc.jpg
1964 Ford Mustang

...in 1970, with the whole world watching, Apollo 13 returned safely to earth after a harrowing journey to the moon and back. On April 13, two days into the mission, an oxygen tank exploded on the service module, crippling the ship and nearly marooning the crew in space. Tiger Team leader, Gene Kranz, lived by the motto, "Failure is not an option" and led the ground control effort to find a way to bring the crippled vehicle home and land the crew safely. The effort culminated in the safe landing of the command module on this date in 1970. (Kranz wrote his memoires of his experiences with NASA and titled it Failure Is Not An Option.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Apollo_13_crew_postmission_onboard_USS_Iwo_Jima.jp g/250px-Apollo_13_crew_postmission_onboard_USS_Iwo_Jima.jp g
The Apollo 13 crew on board the
USS Iwo Jima following the
successful splashdown.

...in 1790, statesman, printer, author and scientist, Benjamin Franklin, passed away in Philadelphia at the age of 84. Franklin started work young, becaming a printer's apprentice at the age of 12. He wrote and published Poor Richard's Almanac quoting Richard with such things as "God helps those who help themselves," or "Plow deep while sluggards sleep." He helped Philadelphia establish a lending library, fire company, police force and a school that would become the University of Pennsylvania. He was also the postmaster, and is probably best remembered for his discovery that lightning is electricity by flying a kite in a lightning storm. He also invented the Franklin Stove, still manufactured today. His work with electricity led him to invent the lightning rod and he discussed his electrical work in his papers. He coined the terms of positive and negative poles, conductor and battery, all listed in his papers. Franklin is also well known for his activities in politics. He served in the Continental Congress, was part of Jefferson's declaration committee, signed the Declaration of Independence and was one of the diplomats who negotiated the peace with Britain after the Revolutionary War. Franklin was an incredible individual, forever immortalized on the $100 bill - one of three men on American paper currency who were never president.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Benjamin_Franklin_by_Joseph_Siffred_Duplessis.jpg/200px-Benjamin_Franklin_by_Joseph_Siffred_Duplessis.jpg
Benjamin Franklin
by Joseph Siffred Duplessis.

...in 1961, President John F. Kennedy learned that an attempted coup against Cuban leader, Fidel Castro, was a dismal failure. The botched coup was the worst foreign policy decision of the Kennedy Administration. JFK inherited the Cuban mess from the Eisenhower Administration when he took office in 1961. Eisenhower had approved, but not carried out, a covert operation to overthrow Castro. The plan called for 1,200 CIA-trained Cuban exhiles to land on the southern coast of Cuba at a location called the Bay of Pigs. The plan relied on Cuban people to rise up to join the invaders and overthrow the Cuban dictator. When it came time to execute the plan, anything that could go wrong went wrong. One of the (arguably) worst decisions came at the last minute, when Kennedy pulled out American military support, especially air support. As a result, the invasion failed, the Cuban people did not rise up and Castro's forces captured the invaders. Many were executed and the rest were ransomed. The CIA blamed Kennedy for the failure while Kennedy blamed the CIA. Years later, Robert Kennedy said that of all the things that bothered JFK before he died, the Bay of Pigs fiasco weighed the heaviest.

...in 1937, a future Warner Brothers star made his film debut in Porky's Duck Hunt. Daffy Duck became one of the most popular 'toons (he's #14 on the list of top 50 cartoon characters) of all times. He is known for being the king of frustration and the phrase, “Of course, you realize, this means war.” But his signature phrase, drawn out to a ludicrous length, is "You're dethpicable."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/dd/Porkysduckhunt.jpg
Daffy Duck with Porky Pig in Porky's Duck Hunt.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 63 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1942, Jimmy Doolittle led a team of 16 brave crews who flew B-25 Mitchell bombers from the aircraft carrier Hornet to perform the first bombing raid on the Japanese homeland. The United States was still reeling from the effects of the Pearl Harbor attack. The Japanese military leadership had told their citizens that Japan was invulnerable, and given the appearance of the Pacific at the time, they seemed to be right. Colonel Doolittle felt that an attack on the homeland would plant seeds of doubt but he also knew that the American psyche needed a boost, too. After considering several ways to make the event happen, Doolittle settled on the North American B-25 bomber because it could be launched from an aircraft carrier. All 16 aircraft launched safely and hit military targets in Japan. The flight continued to China, the plan was to land safely. Due to an early launch and shortage of fuel, most just barely made the Chinese coast. One crew went to Russia and landed, but since Russia was not at war with Japan, the plane was confiscated and the crew imprisoned. (They would escape through Iran in 1943.) Doolittle thought he would be court-martialed on return to the US. All 16 planes were lost. Two crews were captured, one crew perished. He did not know what a positive effect the raid had on American morale. The fact that the strike came from land-based bombers continued to confuse the Japanese leaders and led them to believe they were vulnerable to air attacks. Doolittle returned to Washington to a hero's welcome, a Medal of Honor and a promotion of two grades to Brigadier General. When asked where the bombers came from, President Roosevelt waved his hand and said, "Shangri-la." (An American aircraft carrier was later named Shangri-la in honor of the Doolittle Raid.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Army_B-25_%28Doolittle_Raid%29.jpg/300px-Army_B-25_%28Doolittle_Raid%29.jpg
A B-25 launches from the Hornet
for the raid.

...in 1945, journalist Ernie Pyle was killed in the Pacific Theater. Pyle was born on a tenant farm in Dana, Indiana and joined the Naval Reserve when he was 18, but WWI ended before he saw any action. He attended Indiana University, traveled the orient with frat brothers, edited the school newspaper and did about everything but graduate. His intimate style made him the ideal war correspondent, and in WWII he wrote about the guys in the foxholes and not the generals. On the island of le Shima, part of the Okinawa islands, Pyle was riding in a jeep with Lt. Colonel Joseph B. Coolidge and three other men when the jeep came under fire. The men stopped the jeep and dived into a ditch. When the firing stopped, Pyle stuck his head up and said to Coolidge, "Are you alright?" They were his last words. A bullet penetrated his left temple and he died instantly.

The best way I can describe this vast armada and the frantic urgency of the traffic is to suggest that you visualize New York harbor on its busiest day of the year and then just enlarge that scene until it takes in all the ocean the human eye can reach clear around the horizon and over the horizon. There are dozens of times that many.
--Ernie Pyle on preparations for the Normandy invasion.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Ernie_Pyle.jpg/180px-Ernie_Pyle.jpg
Ernie Pyle on board the
USS Cabot.

...in 1906, San Francisco was rocked by a massive earthquake at 5:12 AM. The magnitude of the quake is estimated at 7.8 and the epicenter was located offshore about 2 miles. While the quake itself did not cause the fatalities, it was the fires that followed soon after the quake. The death toll, estimated to be over 3,000 is thought to be the greatest loss of life from natural disaster in California history. Between 225,000 and 300,000 people were left homeless. The mouth of the Salinas River moved six miles to the south. The total damage was estimated at $400 million, which adjusted for inflation, would be about $6.5 billion today.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/SanFranHouses06.JPG/250px-SanFranHouses06.JPG
Houses near the bay.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Sfearthquake3b.jpg/250px-Sfearthquake3b.jpg
Fires in the Mission District.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/San_Francisco_1906_earthquake_Panoramic_View.jpg/1100px-San_Francisco_1906_earthquake_Panoramic_View.jpg
San Francisco after the fires, April 21, 1906

...in 1906, Yankee Stadium opened with a game against the Boston Red Sox, starting a rivalry that remains bitter to this day. (The Yankees won the game.)

...in 1983, a suicide bomber almost completely destroyed the US Embassy in Beirut, Lebanon. In 1975, civil war wracked Lebanon with Palestinian and Muslim guerillas battling the Christian Planage Party, the Maronite Christian community and several other groups. Syrian, Israeli and United Nations (which is useless, anyway) interventions did not bring peace. In 1982, a multi-national force led by US Marines landed in Beirut to oversee the Palestinian withdrawal. The Marines left on September 10 but returned on the 29th when Palestinian refugees were massacred by a Christian militia. The next day, a Marine died while trying to defuse a bomb. On April 18, the embassy was bombed and on October 23 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index265.html#post567042), Lebanese terrorists drove a truck, packed with explosives, into the Marine barracks in Beirut, killing 241 military personnel. 58 French soldiers perished in a simultaneous terrorist attack. On February 7, 1984, President Reagan announced the end of American support and on February 26, the last Marines left Beirut.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/MarineBarracksBeirut_23October1983.jpg/180px-MarineBarracksBeirut_23October1983.jpg
Rescue crews searching
for casualties following the
bombing.

...in 1955, Albert Einstein passed away, the first physicist to become a household name. Inexplicably, his brain was removed from his body and remained preserved, but this fact was not released until 1978.

http://www.damninteresting.com/wp-content/einstein_brain.jpg
Einstein's brain was removed by
Dr. Thomas Hardy for research. Today,
the organ remains in a laboratory at
Princeton Hospital. (Isn't that where
Dr. House plies his trade?

http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51JHRDDNZ4L._BO2,204,203,200_PIsitb-sticker-arrow-click,TopRight,35,-76_AA240_SH20_OU01_.jpg
If you think this is all just a
little strange, you might want
to read Driving Mr. Albert
by Michael Paterniti.

...in 1775, just before midnight, Paul Revere started his famous ride.

Listen, my children, and you shall hear
Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere,
On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-Five;
Hardly a man is now alive
Who remembers that famous day and year
(Henry Wadsworth Longfellow)

Paul Revere was a successful silversmith in Boston and also acted as a dentist. As a part of a group called the Sons of Liberty, Revere was part of a network of craftsmen who kept an eye on the British and watched troop movements. On April 18, British regulars began to march toward Lexington for the purpose of arresting John Hancock and Sam Adams, and also to march to Concord to capture a colonial ammunition store. The Sons of Liberty swung into action. Revere set off across the Charles River to ride to Lexington. At the same time, William Dawes set off on the other shore of the Charles River with the same goal - to warn Lexington of the troop movements. Robert Newman, the sexton of the Old North Church, lit two lanterns to signal that the British were crossing the Charles River on their way to Lexington. The lanterns were not to signal Revere, but the North Church could be seen from great distances and the lights were in case Revere and Dawes didn't get through. There were no shouts of "To arms! The British are coming!" The entire mission required secrecy, many of the local residents were British loyalists and, in fact, the colonists still considered themselves British subjects. Revere and Dawes both reached Hancock and discussed plans of what to do. Revere and Dawes decided to ride on to Concord, joined by Dr. Samuel Prescott. The three were caught and detained by British troops at Lincoln. Prescott jumped a wall and escaped, Dawes escaped but fell off his horse and did not complete his ride. In the early morning hours, shots rang out and the British were alarmed. They confiscated Revere's horse and rode to the location of the shots in Lexington. Revere, meanwhile, proceeded on foot to aid Hancock and his family to escape.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Paul_revere_ride.gif
Paul Revere's ride. Unfortunately, many people took
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem about the ride as
historical fact. It was not. There were no shouts, the
whole event was, in fact, quiet secret.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

This is the traditional Patriot's Day! It is a date of incredible signifcance in the United States for many, many reasons. Regretably, as historical as April 19 is, there is nothing new or significant to report in Paige's case. Sadly there is no news and no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 22 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1993, the FBI began a tear-gas assault on the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas, in an attempt to end a 51 day old standoff. By the end of the day, the compound was burned to the ground and over 80 Branch Davidians, including 22 children, had perished in the inferno. The FBI maintains that the Davidians started the fire and were killing each other as part of a suicide pact or killing those who were trying to escape. Survivors tell a different tale, charging that the ATF and FBI acted with either total incompetence or premeditated murder. No one knows for sure, but the FBI has admitted that the tear-gas grenades used in the assault have incidiary properties.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/branch-davidian.jpg
The Davidians Mount Carmel Center in flames
during the assault, April 19, 1993.

...in 1995, a massive truck bomb exploded outside the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma CIty, Oklahoma. The entire north face of the 9 story building immediately collapsed, killing 100 people. Many more were trapped in the rubble. (When the final rescue effort came to an end, the death toll reached 168 including 19 children who were in the day care center.) A massive manhunt for the perpetrator of the worst terrorist attack by an American on American soil began. The hunt resulted in the capture of Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols. McVeigh and Nichols were members of a radical, anti-government survivalist group that was becoming increasingly distrustful of the American government. The 1992 shootout between Federal agents and Randy Weaver at his cabin in Idaho (Weaver's wife and son were killed in the shootout) and the disasterous assault in Waco on April 19, 1993 pushed McVeigh and his associates over the edge. The plan was simple, a diesel fuel and fertilizer bomb, packed into a rental truck, was set to explode in front of the Murrah Building. The Murrah Building housed offices of both the ATF and FBI, the two agencies McVeigh had villified for being involved in the Idaho and Waco incidents. McVeigh was sentenced to death by lethal injection, and on June 11, 2001, he died at the federal penitentiary in Terre Haute, Indiana.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Murrah_Building_-_Aerial.jpg/180px-Murrah_Building_-_Aerial.jpg
The Murrah Building and surrounding campus
after the bombing.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/65/The_Survivor_Tree_at_the_Oklahoma_City_National_Me morial.jpg/180px-The_Survivor_Tree_at_the_Oklahoma_City_National_Me morial.jpg
This lone elm tree survived the bombing
(note the angle of the trunk.) It became known
as The Survivor Tree and became the emblem
of the memorial.

...in 1861, the first blood was shed in the Civil War when a mob of secessionists attacked Massachusetts troops in Baltimore. The soldiers were headed for Washington, D.C. when the mob attacked them, four soldiers and twelve rioters died in the incident. The first skirmish of the war began a week earlier, on April 13 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index275.html#post639520), when Fort Sumter came under siege in Charleston Bay, South Carolina. President Lincoln called for troops to quell the "Southern insurrection" and the northern states reacted quickly to the call. The Massachusetts Regiment was on its way to Washington, but in Baltimore, the tracks did not continue through the city. The troops disembarked their train and climbed into carriages that would take them across town to catch the train to Washington. Maryland was a border state where slavery was legal, and a mob of secessionists gathered to try to prevent the troops from getting to Washington. The mob blocked the carriages, forcing the troops to continue on foot. Jeering turned into throwing of rocks and bricks, the troops fired into the crowd. At the station, the Baltimore Police held back the crowd while the troops climbed aboard the train, leaving most of their equipment behind. Four soldiers and twelve rioters died. Maryland closed the state to Union transports, secessionists destroyed the rail lines and bridges leading to Washington. In May, the Union army occupied Baltimore and declared martial law. Maryland was split between secession and staying with the Union, and a vote was never taken. Slavery was abolished in 1864. About 50,000 Marylanders fought for the Union while 22,000 volunteered for the Confederacy. The bloodshed in Baltimore on this date is considered the first bloodshed of the Civil War.

http://www.civilwarhome.com/images/riot.jpg

...in 1865, the funeral of Abraham Lincoln was held at the White House with family and honored guests in attendance. The eulogy was delivered by Dr. Phineas Gurley, pastor of the New York Avenue Presbyterian Church. In his eulogy, Dr. Gurley described Mr. Lincoln as simple, sincere, plain, honest, truthful, just, benevolent and kind. He was the man, Dr. Gurley said was "...the man, who, in a time of unexampled peril, when the very life of the nation was at stake, should be chosen to occupy, in the country and for the country, its highest post of power and responsibility."

http://www.mrlincolnswhitehouse.org/upload/WH-LFuneralLOC6935_mwh.jpg
Over 100,000 people lined the streets of Washington

...in 1897, the first Boston Marathon was run on Patriot's Day. John J. McDermott of New York ran the 24.5 mile course in the best time. 2:55:10. There is no truth that Rosie Ruiz was in that marathon nor pretended to win it. (If you don't get the joke, google Rosie Ruiz.) Today, the Boston Marathon is considered one of the premier road races and attracts both professional and amateur marathoners from around the world. (Patriot's Day was moved to the third Monday of April in 1969 and the Marathon is run on that date every year.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Boston1910.jpg/180px-Boston1910.jpg
Boston Marathon finish line, 1910.

...in 1775, 700 British regulars marched into Lexington, Massachusetts for the purpose of seizing a Patriot munitions storage facility and to capture John Hancock and Samuel Adams. At 5:00 AM, the Redcoats were surprised to find 77 armed minutemen on the town green. British Major John Pitcairn ordered the Patriots to disperse. There was some milling around and the crowd began to disperse when an unknown report sounded; it was the "...shot heard round the world." Soon musket smoke covered the green, eight Patriots lay dead and ten more were wounded. One British soldier was injured but the result was the start of the American Revolution. The Redcoats mached on to Concord but at 7:00 AM, they found themselves surrounded by hundreds of armed Minutemen. Lt. Colonel Francis Smith, commander of the British forces, ordered a retreat to Boston without confronting the colonists. As they reached Lexington, the militia exacted their revenge by killing several Redcoats as they marched through. Even though the British were reinforced by 1500 more troops, all the way back to Boston, the Redcoats were harassed by Minutemen shooting from behind rocks, trees and fences. By the time the British made it back to Boston, nearly 300 soldiers were killed, wounded or missing in action. The two skirmishes began the Revolutionary War that would escalate into a world war and hatch a new nation, the independent United States of America.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Minute_Man.JPG/120px-Minute_Man.JPG
Concord Minute Man by
Daniel Chester French in
Concord, Massachusetts.

In 1836, Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote the Concord Hymn for a battle monument in Concord, Massachusetts. It pays homage to the men who gave their lives and is the source of the famous line, "And fired the shot heard round the world." It was sung on July 4, 1837 at Concord's celebration, to the tune of the Old Hundreth, a tune familiar to most Christians. The first stanza is engraved on the Concord Minute Man statue (by Daniel Chester French, best known for his statue of Lincoln) at the Old North Bridge in Concord.

By the rude bridge that arched the flood,
Their flag to April’s breeze unfurled,
Here once the embattled farmers stood,
And fired the shot heard round the world.

The foe long since in silence slept;
Alike the conqueror silent sleeps;
And Time the ruined bridge has swept
Down the dim stream that seaward creeps.

On this green bank, by this soft stream,
We set today a votive stone;
That memory may their deeds redeem,
When, like our sires, our sons are gone.

Spirit, that made those heroes dare,
To die, and leave their children free,
Bid Time and nature gently spare
The shaft we raise to them and thee.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 23 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1871, Congress passed the Third Force Act, more popularly known as the Ku Klux Klan act. It authorized President Ulysses S. Grant to declare martial law and impose heavy penalties on terrorist organizations. The KKK was founded in 1865 by several Confederate Army veterans but it was a small fraternity. It grew from that secret fraternity into a force bent on resisting Union efforts at Reconstruction, especially those efforts that were aimed at granting rights to and improving the lives of the newly freed slaves. The name "Ku Klux Klan" is a bastardization of the Greek word for circle, "kyklos," and "clan" from the warring families of Scotland. It was more likely so named for its aliteration with "kyklos." The Klan pushed a platform of racial superiority and began to use violence to forward its philosophy. A former Confederate general, Nathan Bedford Forrest, was the first Grand Wizard of the KKK but he became one of the strongest critics of the violent turn taken by the group. He tried, unsuccessfully, to disband the KKK in 1869. In some southern states, Republicans formed militia units to break up the Klan, but passage of the law in 1871 resulted in thousands of arrests. 18 counties in South Carolina were placed under marshal law. In 1882, the law was found unconstitutional by the Supreme Court but by that time, Reconstruction was pretty much over and the KKK had faded away. It resurfaced in the 1920s and again in the 1960s, and it remains a small, but very active force, to this day.

...in 1906, firefighters in San Francisco were finally able to halt the spread of flames that nearly consumed the city after an earthquake rocked the city two days earlier. Even though the (estimated) 8.3 magnitude earthquake leveled much of the city, it was the fires that caused the most damage and death. There weren't enough firemen nor equipment to fight the fires, which didn't matter, because most of the water lines had been broken by the quake and and there was little pressure to fight the fires. The mayor authorized drastic measures, and firefighters used dynamite to blow houses and buildings to create fire breaks. (The fire breaks had little effect on the firefighting and was seldom used after the disaster. Also in the wake of the disaster, building and fire codes were changed in San Francisco, and they were strictly enforced.

...in 1841, the first detective story was published. Edgar Allen Poe's The Murders in the Rue Morgue appeared in Graham's Lady's and gentleman's Magazine. The story describes the incredible analytical powers used by Monsieur C. Auguste Dupin to solve the murders in Paris. The story, setting the way for Sherlock Holmes, was told by Dupin's roommate. Dectective stories began to flourish. Sherlock Holmes first appeared in 1887. Both of Agatha Christie's detectives, Miss Marple and Hercule Poirot made their first appearances in the 1920s and all remain popular. (Agatha Christie admitted that Poirot was inspired by Holmes, "...eccentric detective, stooge assistant, with a Lestrade-type Scotland Yard detective, Inspector Japp." Conan Doyle also admitted that Holmes had been based on the model of C. August Dupin, Edgar Allen Poe's archetypical detective. The 1930s was the golden age of detective novels, the noir detective was the basis of detectives created by Dashel Hammet, Raymond Chandler and Mickey Spillane. That is, after all, "...the stuff dreams are made of."

...in 1889, at an inn in Braunau am Inn, Austria-Hungary, the Gasthof zum Pommer, Adolph Hitler was born, the fourth of six children of Alois Hitler and Klara Polzi. Klara was Alois's third wife and was also his cousin. Adolph and his younger sister, Paula, reached adulthood. Alois Hitler was an illigitimate child that used his mother's surname, Schicklgruber, for his first 39 years. He took the name of his stepfather, Hiedler. The name was probably spelled Hiedler, Huetler, Huettler and Hitler over the years, and a clerk probably normalized it to Hitler. Contrary to legend, however, Adolph was born Hitler, not Schicklgruber but it is a lot more fun to say. He never graduated from high school and he aspired to be a painter. He applied to, but was twice rejected, by an art academy. He copied postcards and a few merchants tried to sell his paintings but it was not to be. He lived in a homeless shelter in 1910. After the war ended, almost all western publications refer to nazism as evil in both secular and religious terms. In Germany, display of a swastika or denial of the Holocaust is prohibited. Hitler is regarded as evil incarnate by most everyone but inexplicably, some leaders honor him and speak in favorable terms. Former Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat spoke of how he admired Hitler. Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, who calls for Israel to be wiped from the map, claims the Holocaust is a myth and Louis Farrakhan refers to Hitler as a "very great man."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Mahnstein.JPG/180px-Mahnstein.JPG
This stone was placed outside Hitler's birthplace in Austria.
It says,
FÜR FRIEDEN FREIHEIT
UND DEMOKRATIE
NIE WIEDER FASCHISMUS
MILLIONEN TOTE MAHNEN
which translates roughly to
For peace, freedom and democracy
never again fascism, millions of dead
remind us.

...in 1999, two teenage gunmen went on a shooting spree at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado. At 11:19 AM, Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris, dressed in trench coats, began shooting students before going inside and continuing their attack. By 11:35, they had killed 12 fellow students and a teacher, and wounded another 23 people. Shortly after noon, they turned the guns on themselves and committed suicide. It is the fourth worst school shooting in American history. (33 people, including the gunman, were killed at Virginia Tech on April 16, 2007.) Of course, immediately following the shooting, everyone wanted to know why and there were the requisite calls for more gun control. Harris and Klebold chose their victims randomly, and speculation was that they committed the crimes because they belonged to a group of outcasts known as "The Trench Coat Mafia." The "mafia" was fascinated by the Goth culture, video games and music, all blamed for causing the shootings. Of course, none of it was every proved. The school reopened in the fall of 1999, but Littleton was not the same. The two left written plans that are not clear. It is thought the shootings were planned for April 19 to coincide with the anniversary of the Waco debacle, but no one is sure. Michael Moore blamed music in Bowling for Columbine. There have been many reports and articles published by experts of one kind or another of why Klebold and Harris did what they did, but the only two people who really knew took their secrets to the grave.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b5/Evacuating_Columbine.jpg/250px-Evacuating_Columbine.jpg
Staff and students evacuated the high
school during the shooting.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Columbinememorial.JPG/180px-Columbinememorial.JPG
The Columbine Memorial was dedicated
on September 21, 2007.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 51 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1918, Manfred von Richtofen was shot down by Allied fire. Richthofen was the son of a Prussian noble and during WWI, switched from the Germany army to the Imperial Air Service in 1915. In 1916, he was terrorizing the skies over France in an Albatross biplane. He shot down 15 aircraft by the end of the year. In 1917, he surpassed all ace totals, on both sides, and he began flying a Fokker triplane that was painted bright red. He was already known as "The Red Baron" and although he only used the red Fokker triplane for the last eight months of his life, it is the plane he is forever associated with. In 1918, The Red Baron flew deep into enemy territory in pursuit of a British airplane. He was apparently too close to the deck and was shot in the chest by an Austrailian soldier. He crashed his plane into a field. Another account had him shot down by Captain Roy Brown, a Canadian flier. Either way, the 25 year old ace was recovered by British troops and his last word to the British soldiers was, "Kaputt." He was buried with full military honors. In an era when airplanes were little more than sticks covered with fabric, the Bloody Red Baron shot down 80 enemy aircraft, a feat unequaled in military history.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/64/Mvrredbaron.jpg/200px-Mvrredbaron.jpg
Manfred von Richtofen, wearing
the Blue Max, Prussia's highest
military honor.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/RoteBaron.JPG/180px-RoteBaron.JPG
A replica of the Richtofen's Fokker Triplane.

...in 1836, during the Texan War for Independence, Sam Houston's Texas Militia launched a surprise attack on Mexican General Santa Anna on the banks of the San Jacinto river. The Mexican army had scored a major victory at The Alamo and Houston waited for his right opportunity to revenge the loss. In the the Battle of San Jacinto, Santa Anna's forces were thoroughly routed with hundreds captured, including Santa Anna. To regain his freedom, Santa Anna recognized Texas independence. That would later be rescinded, planting the seeds of the Mexican-American War over Texas becoming the 28th state in 1845.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/1d/SantaAnnaSurrender.jpg
William Huddle's Santa Anna Surrenders 1886.

...in 1865, a train dubbed "The Lincoln Special," carrying the coffin of President Abraham Lincoln, left Washington, D.C. on a circuitous route to Springfield, Illinois, where he would be buried on May 4. The train went through 180 cites in 7 states on its route. At specially scheduled stops, the coffin was taken from the train and carried by hearse to a public location for viewing. In Philadelphia, Lincoln was placed in state in the east wing of Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence was signed. People waited as long as five hours to pay their respects to the martyred president. There were 300 people on board the train for its 1650 mile journey, including the coffin of Willie Lincoln, who had died of Typhoid Fever in Washington, D.C. in 1862. His body was disinterred so he could be buried along with his father, in the family plot, in Springfield. On the date of his death, a group of Springfield citizens formed the National Lincoln Monument Association and began to collect funds to build a special tomb. Upon completion of the memorial in 1874, Lincoln's remains were placed in a chamber known as the "catacombs" but two Chicago counterfeiters tried, and failed, to steal the body, to hold it for ransom, in 1876. His body is now interred 10 feet below the buriel room, in a brick vault. Lincoln's family, Mary Todd Lincoln and three of his four sons are interred in the burial room of the monument. (Robert Todd Lincoln is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/LincolnTrain.jpeg/300px-LincolnTrain.jpeg
The Lincoln Funeral Train

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Lincoln%27s_Tomb.JPG/300px-Lincoln%27s_Tomb.JPG
Lincoln's tomb, Oak Ridge Cemetery

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 70 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1970, the first Earth Day was held. It was the brainchild of Senator Gaylord Nelson of Wisconsin in order to promote awareness of environmental issues. The EPA was established that Summer. What started out as a good idea has grown into a massively powerful branch of government over which no one has recourse. (I intend to celebrate Earth Day by turning on every light in my house, powering on every appliance I have and lighting a charcoal fire to make dinner.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/GaylordNelson.jpg
Gaylord Nelson (1916-2005)

...in 1954, as long as we're talking about well-meaning Senators from Wisconsin, Joseph McCarthy began hearings to investigate the US Army. The hearings were televised, giving Americans a chance to see McCarthy in action, and his receding popularity plummeted. McCarthy died three years later.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Joseph_McCarthy.jpg/160px-Joseph_McCarthy.jpg
Joseph McCarthy (1908-1957)

...in 1945, Adolph Hitler admitted defeat to his generals. There was no defense offered against the Russian army that was advancing on Berlin. He told his advisers that the war was lost and suicide was his only option.

...in 1994, 37th President of the United States Richard M. Nixon passed away. He is mostly remembered for resigning the office under fire for the Watergate scandal but he is also remembered for ending the war in Viet Nam and for opening China. Nixon began the "Environmental Decade" by signing the Clean Air Act of 1970, Federal Water Pollution Control Act amendments, he created OSHA (love it or hate it) and he created the Environmental Protection Agency in 1970. (See Gaylord Nelson, above.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Richard_Nixon.jpg/225px-Richard_Nixon.jpg
Richard Milhous Nixon (1913-1994)

...in 1993, the United States Holocaust Museum was dedicated in New York City. The museum has been visited by over 30 million visitors including field trips and heads of state. The museum has a permanent exhibition that occupies most of the museum. The Tower of Faces is a three story tower that is lined with photos of everyday life in the village of Eisiskes, Lithudania before the SS rounded up everyone in the village and systematically murdered them all. Remember the Children: Daniel's Story is an exhibition that describes the Holocaust to young people by telling the story of Daniel. "Daniel" is a fictional character that is a composite of several children who faced the Holocaust. There are also rotating exhibits that have covered anti-semitism, Nazi propaganda and even the genocide in Darfur. There is currently an exhibit about the genocide in Rwanda. You can visit the United States Holocaust Museum (http://www.ushmm.org/)'s website and millions do every year.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b6/HolocaustMuseumPlaque.jpg/300px-HolocaustMuseumPlaque.jpg
The Dedication Plaque

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 55 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1921, Warren Spahn was born in Buffalo, New York. He was a left-handed pitcher who threw more victories (363) than any other left-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball. He is recognized as not only the best left-handed pitcher but one of the greatest pitchers in history. He won 20 games in 13 seasons, including 23-7 record when he was 42 years old! He began his career with the Boston Braves in on April 19, 1942, moved with the Braves to Milwaukee in 1953 and won the Cy Young Award in 1957. In 1964, when the owners of the Braves wanted to move to Atlanta, they sold Spahn to the hapless New York Mets. Critics said it was one more act by the desperate owners to anger Milwaukee fans - which it did. “I’m probably the only guy who worked for Stengel before and after he was a genius,” Spahn said of playing for the Mets. After the Mets released him, he finished his career by winning three more games with the San Francisco Giants that year. (Warren Spahn was my favorite ball player as a kid. The Old Man took me to County Stadium to see Spahn pitch for the Mets - he got shelled - while the Milwaukee pitcher almost threw a no-hitter.)

Spahn probably would have amassed even more records if it hadn't been for World War II. He saw action in the Battle of the Bulge and Ludendorf Bridge. He was awarded a Purple Heart and a Bronze Star. He spent three years in the army and returned to baseball at the age of 25, but more mature than when he had gone in. “After what I went through overseas, I never thought of anything I was told to do in baseball as hard work. You get over feeling like that when you spend days on end sleeping in frozen tank tracks in enemy threatened territory. The Army taught me something about challenges and about what’s important and what isn’t. Everything I tackle in baseball and in life I take as a challenge rather than work,” Spahn said of his time in the army. He pitched until he was 44 years old and angrily said, “I didn’t quit; baseball retired me.” He pitched for three more years in the minors and in Mexico.

http://www.tireball.com/photos/albums/spahn_warren/26.jpg
Spahn's high leg kick aided him in
becoming baseball's all-time winningest
left handed pitcher.

...in 1954, speaking of great Milwaukee baseball players, Hank Aaron hit his first major league home run. Twenty years later, he set the new home run record, surpassing Babe Ruth's "unbeatable" record. Aaron moved to Atlanta with the Braves and in 1974, they traded him to the Milwaukee Brewers to finish his career. (The American League Brewers were able to use Aaron as a Designated Hitter, extending his career and his total home run count. His home run record is untouched by normal ball players without the aid of performance enhancement drugs.)

http://www.tireball.com/photos/albums/spahn_warren/20.jpg
Warren Spahn with his Cy Young award and
Hank Aaron with his MVP Award, for the 1957
season. The photo was taken in 1958 at old
Milwaukee County Stadium.

...in 1992, a Miller 1500 race car was acquired by the Smithsonian Institution for display. Harry Miller was born in Menomonie, Wisconsin in 1875 and became a brilliant automotive designer. He had a nearly inexhaustable supply of ideas to increase horsepower and gain more speed. He moved to Los Angeles and started building carburetors that caught on across the country. He developed a stong aluminum alloy for lightweight racing carburetors which he then used to make aluminum pistons. With his associates, Fred Offenhauser and Leo Goossen, Miller began to build racing engines that dominated racing. Eventually, Miller Engineering began to build race cars. If one was serious about racing, and wanted to win, one bought a Miller race car. It was not cheap. In a day when the average wage was $25 a week, a Miller race car was $10,000.00. Miller also built the first front wheel drive race car and the first four wheel drive race car. He used no off-the-shelf parts, ever part of every Miller race car was built in his plant and documented. Miller cars won nine Indianapolis 500 races and three more races were won by chassis that were powered with Miller engines. In the 1930s, Miller finished at least six cars in the top ten of every race. Fred Offenhauser continued Miller's work, and Miller-Offenhauser cars and engines dominated the Indianapolis 500 well into the 1970s. It was not until 1981 that a Miller or Offenhauser engine did not start the Indianapolis 500.

http://www.milleroffy.com/miller_122_frontdrive_front_web.jpg
A Miller 122 Front Wheel Drive Race Car

...in 1942, the Germans began to bomb medieval city centers in what the Luftwaffe called "Baedeker Raids." On March 28, 234 British bombers anihilated the German port city of Lübeck. The target was of "moderate importance" and was listed as more of morale booster for the British fliers. The damage was massive, two thousand buildings were destroyed, over 300 were killed and 15,000 Germans were left homeless. In retaliation, the Germans started the Baedeker Raids. Baedecker Publishing produced tourist guidebooks, and the Luftwaffe promised to attack every building in Great Britain that had received three stars in the Baedeker tourist guides.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1977-047-16%2C_L%C3%BCbeck%2C_brennender_Dom_nach_Luftangri ff.jpg/180px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1977-047-16%2C_L%C3%BCbeck%2C_brennender_Dom_nach_Luftangri ff.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Lubeck-church.JPG/180px-Lubeck-church.JPG
Lübeck Cathedal after the raid, and after restoration, completed in 1982.

...in 1564, William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-on-Avon. At least, tradition says he was born on this day, no one really knows for sure. It is known for sure that he died on this date in 1616. Little is known about Shakespeare because of his lower station in life. He was the son of John Shakespeare, the town baliff. What is known is from official records. Shakespeare wrote over 1 million words in 20 years as a playwrite, and over 400 years later, his plays are still performed, read, analyzed and studied. Ben Johnson, the great poet and contemporary, said, "He was not of an age, but for all time."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/First_Folio.jpg/180px-First_Folio.jpg
"All the world's a stage, and all
the men and women merely players:
they have their exits and their entrances;
and one man in his time plays many parts..."
As You Like It Act II, Scene 7,

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 34 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1916, on Easter Sunday, a group called the Irish Republican Brotherhood began the Easter Rebellion. The secret society, along with militant Irish socialists, attacked British government offices in Dublin and captured several government buildings, including the post office. They proclaimed the independence of Ireland, which had been under British rule for centuries. On Monday morning, they were in control of much of the city, at least, until the British launched a counter offensive and quickly crushed the rebellion. British rule had been harsh, including anti-Catholic laws, and there was (and remains) little love between the two, the Irish Catholics represented by the green on the flag and the protestant English/Irish, represented by the orange on the flag. In 1921, 26 of Ireland's 32 counties won independence and in 1949 became the Republic of Ireland. Six northeastern counties remain under British rule, and the Irish Republican Brotherhood became the Irish Republican Army, calling for a united, and free, Ireland. In 2005, the IRA finally decided to end the violence and pursue independence through peaceful means.

...in 1800, the Library of Congress was established by President John Adams. The first books were ordered from London and stored in the U.S. Capitol. The first library catalog listed 964 books and nine maps. The British burned the Capitol during the War of 1812, destroying the library. Thomas Jefferson sold his personal library to Congress to replace the destroyed collection. The purchase of his library of 6,487 books was approved the next year and a professional librarian was hired. After the Civil War, the size of the collection began to increase quickly and today, the Library of Congress is housed in three huge buildings.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Library_of_Congress.jpg
The Library of Congress Reading Room

...in 1953, Winston Churchill, the Prime Minister who led Great Britain through World War II, was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II. In 1955, he retired as PM but remained in Parliament until 1964, the year before he died.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Churchill_portrait_NYP_45063.jpg/250px-Churchill_portrait_NYP_45063.jpg
Sir Winston Churchill
"It has been said that democracy is the worst form of government except all the others that have been tried."

...in 1980, an ill-fated military operation to rescue American hostages went ary, killing eight US military personnel and without rescuing any hostages. The plan was hatched by President Jimmy Carter who was at the end of his rope with Iran. On November 4, 1979, militant Iranian students seized the American Embassy in Teheran. The Ayatollah Khomenini, the Iranian political and religious leader, took control of the hostages. When Teheran had not been subject to any military reprisals, Khomeini came to the realization that he had President Carter by the proverbial short hair. He promised to release women and minority hostages, playing the propaganda game very well and saying he was releasing captives who represented America's most oppressed peoples. Khomeini played the American press like a violin, making President Carter look more and more foolish every day. With no diplomatic resolution in sight, President Carter launched the rescue mission. The plan revolved around landing the Delta Force in Teheran, transported by helicopter. The hostages would be flown out in C-130 transports. Three of the eight helicopters failed, and during the ensuing retreat, one of the 'copters collided with a C-130, killing the eight Americans. The next day, the president was forced to go on television and admit the failure, which became a PR coup for the Ayatollah. Mr. Carter lost his bid for reelection to Ronald Reagan. The Iranians began to negotiate with the President elect, and on January 20, 1981, President Reagan's inauguration day, the hostages were released, after 444 days in captivity. The hostage crisis marred Jimmy Carter's presidency but the crash and failure of the rescue mission became the defining moment of his presidency.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Desertone.jpg/180px-Desertone.jpg
The wreckage of a Sea Stallion
helicopter from the rescue attempt.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 49 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1901, the state of New York became the first in the United States to require registration of automobiles. Owners were required to send in their names, addresses and a description of their automobiles. The registration cost $1, and owners received permission to make their own small plaque with their initials on it. The state made $954 in registration fees for the year 1901. (The first plates issued by a state were in 1903 in Massachusetts.)

http://z.about.com/d/history1900s/1/G/d/D/1/licenseplate.jpg
A 1903 Massachusetts plate, the
first issued by a state.

...in 1952, the American Bowling Congress approved the use of automatic pinspotters for league play. Development of pinspotters had been underway since the early part of the 20th Century. Bowlers relied on "pin boys" to reset bowling pins and return balls to the bowlers. Manual machines were developed to aid pinboys set pins, but no serious efforts went into building automatic machines until the 1930s, efforts that were curtailed during WWII. AMF introduced a fully automatic pinsetter in 1946 which went into widespread use. Brunswick, seeing the success of AMF began to build their own machines.

http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/7970/75/400/pin.jpg
The AMF sign appeared in bowling centers that featured the
AMF machines. In the 1950s, automation was all the rage and it
seemed that robots would be doing a lot of work for us, so it was
natural for manufacturers to use robot characters to sell us almost
anything.

...in 1990, the space shuttle Discovery placed the Hubble Space Telescope into orbit. The space telescope was conceived in the 1940s but wasn't designed until the 1970s and built in the 1980s. It was conceived to make observations without the restrictions and the major problem associated with earth-bound telescopes, the distortions caused by the atmosphere. It was all terribly exciting until the first images began to arrive back on earth. The mirror had been precision ground, polished and polished again, to more exacting standards than any telescope mirror before it. Unfortunately, someone forgot to give the specs to the designers of the lenses and optical technicians who built optics for a different mirror. In 1993, another shuttle mission repaired the optics, and for the last 17 years, the Hubble has been sending back stunning photographs of the universe.

http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/gallery/db/spacecraft/04/formats/04_web.jpg
The Hubble Space Telescope

http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2000-06-a-web.jpg
This Carina Nebula image is just one of the stunning
photographs taken by the Hubble Space Telescope.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 41 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1986, the worst nuclear accident in world history took place at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Power Station in the former Soviet Union. The station is located near the city of Pripyat, along the banks of the Pripyat River, about 65 miles north of Kiev, in the Ukraine. Chernobyl was built in the 1970s with four reactors and it produced about 10% of the Ukraine's power demands. The accident was actually a failed experiment by reactor operators who really didn't understand nuclear power and did not have a working knowledge of the peculiarities of the Chernobyl design. Oversimplified, the accident was the result of several guys saying, "What do you think would happen if we tried this?" What happened was the reactor went out of control and exploded. It was not a nuclear explosion - nuclear power plants are not capable of exploding as a nuclear weapon would - the explosion was caused by a chemical reaction and excessive steam. The explosion blew the top of the reactor off the building and spread a wave of fallout across the countryside. The Soviets were very quiet about the accident, and it was not until radiation alarms went off in Sweden, 800 miles away, that the Soviet Union admitted an accident had occurred. The citizens of Pripyat were evacuated but not told the severity of the accident. Their personal belongings remain in the abandoned city. The reactor was filled in with remote control bulldozers and encased in a concrete sarcophagus. (The bulldozers remain at the site, still emitting radiation, more than 20 years later.) 56 people perished with their deaths linked directly to the accident. At least 600,000 people suffered radiation exposure and more than 4,000 cancer deaths have been blamed on the accident. The other three units of the plant were shut down in 2000 and today, work is underway to completely entomb the plant.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Chernobyl_Disaster.jpg/300px-Chernobyl_Disaster.jpg
Chernobyl after the explosion.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/View_of_Chernobyl_taken_from_Pripyat.JPG/180px-View_of_Chernobyl_taken_from_Pripyat.JPG
The abandoned city of Pripyat with
Chernobyl on the horizon.

...in 1950, a film entitled The Big Lift was released, less than a year after the Soviets lifted the Berlin blockade. The film tells the fictional story of two Army Air Corps sergeants on duty in Berlin during the airlift. The film, written and directed by George Seaton, was shot on location in post-war Berlin during the airlift. Although a fictional story, the filming locations told the story of the total devastation wreaked up Berlin in the last months of WWII. All the military personnel portrayed in the film were real military personnel. The film showed the perils of the flights and what life what like in post war Berlin.

...in 1906, the 16 acre plot of land left from the 1901 Pan American Exposition was acquired by the George N. Peirce Company to build a production facility. The company began in 1872 building household products that included birdcages. The company added a line of bicycles and in 1900, began to build automobiles. The Pierce Great Arrow appeared in 1904 and proved to be a quite popular, albeit expensive, luxury car. The company changed the name of the vehicle to Pierce-Arrow in 1909. Pierce-Arrow built only luxury automobiles and competed with Packard in that marketplace. Piece-Arrow was the first company to employ aesthetics in design and marketing. The distinctive mark of a Pierce-Arrow is the headlight pods build into the front fenders, which every car has today but was a cutting edge design in its day. Paintings of Pierce-Arrows in advertising were works of art. Sales began to drop off when Piece-Arrow did not update their six cylinder engine while other brands were supplying eight and twelve cylinder engines. When the Great Depression finally crushed Pierce-Arrow, Time Magazine reported the demise under the headline, "From Birdcages to Bankruptcy." (Pierce-Arrow and today's Pierce fire apparatus manufacturing company are not related.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Pierce-ArrowColorAd.jpg/250px-Pierce-ArrowColorAd.jpg
Pierce-Arrow ads were works of art
in themselves, based on aesthetics
and without any details about the
automobiles themselves.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/1922_Pierce-Arrow.JPG/180px-1922_Pierce-Arrow.JPG
The distinctive styling of the Pierce-Arrow,
evident in the 1922 Coupe, provided instant
identification of the brand. The headlight pods
in the front fenders was a unique Pierce-Arrow feature.

...in 1984, President Ronald Reagan arrived in China for talks with Chinese President Li Xiannian. Accompanied by First Lady Nancy Reagan, the intimate group included about 600 journalists and a small army of Secret Service agents. It was the first time a sitting president had visited China since Richard Nixon opened China in 1972. When the communists took over China in 1949, the free Chinese government fled to Taiwan. The United States did not recognize communist China and supported the free Chinese exhiled to Taiwan, under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek. The US sold arms to Taiwan to protect themselves from Mao Zedong's Red China, which infuriated the Chinese and kept the tensions high between the two countries. It was a major point of contention between the Chinese and Americans when Richard Nixon visited in 1972, and wasn't much better when Ronald Reagan visited. However, the lure of enhanced trade between the two nations overcame, although never fully, the difference. The Chinese were impressed with President Reagan's attempts to speak Chinese and he impressed reporters and dignitaries alike with his glib style.

http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/photographs/large/c21461-13A.jpg
President and Nancy Reagan
on the Great Wall of China.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Let's start with a personal note today. Happy birthday, Paige, whereever you are. You are missed and you are loved. There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 53 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1822, Hiram Ulysses Grant was born in Point Pleasant, Ohio, the son of a tanner. He showed little enthusiasm for his father's trade, so the elder Grant secured an appointment to West Point through Ohio Congressman Thomas L. Hamer, who listed him as "Ulysses S. Grant of Ohio." Grant accepted the name and began to use it as initials only, because US also stood for Uncle Sam. His nickname, then, became Sam. His skills ane reputation as an excellent, and fearless, horseman which would make him a natural for the cavalry. In usual army fashion, he was assigned to a regimental quartermaster to manage supplies and equipment. He saw service in the Mexican-American war under Zachery Taylor and Winfield Scott and even though he was with the quartermaster, he was close enough to the lines to see action. Grant was opposed to the war but was able to observe and judge the actions of commanders. The war ended in 1848, and Grant was assigned to Fort Vancouver. His wife was pregnant but not with him as his pay grade could not support a family in the wilderness. Grant took up serious drinking. He was promoted to Captain and transferred to Fort Humboldt, California. Not long after, he resigned his commission. Rumors persisted that the CO of the fort found him drunk, but there is no evidence to support that theory. Still, he was known to be a heavy drinker. In 1861, after the Confederates attacked Fort Sumter and President Lincoln put out his call for volunteers, Grant recruited a company of volunteers and became a brigadier general in the Illinois militia. Later, he became part of the Union army again. He had beaten the drinking but took up chain smoking cigars. After routing the Confederates at Shiloh, he received 10,000 boxes of cigars from grateful fans. After a decisive victory at Vicksburg, he caught the eye of President Lincoln. Lincoln had been plagued with a series of incompetent generals and hired Grant to be Lieutenant General, a rank held previously by only George Washington. As the Supreme Commander of the Army, Grant led a series of bloody and epic battles against Robert E. Lee, eventually accepting Lee's surrender at Appomattox Courthouse, ending the Civil War. He was elected to the office of President in 1868. Unfortunately, Grant was a better general than president, his administration was full of corruption, including the Black Friday gold scandal of Jay Gould. He did, however, pass the Third Force Act (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index275.html#post641969) that slowed the Ku Klux Klan and the Civil Rights Act in 1875 that was the first attempt to desegregate public buildings, rest rooms, transportation and housing. After his presidency, he and his wife traveled Europe, spawning a line in the Bing Crosby version of McNamara's Band. He had made some unwise investments and by 1880, he was broke. Grant had forfeited his army pension when he became president, and there was no presidential pension in those days. He did, however, write his memoirs of the Civil War thanks to an incredible offer from Mark Twain, that was hailed as one of the best memoirs ever written. It sold well, and after his death from cancer in 1885, the family received royalties of $450,000.00. Congress passed a presidential pension in 1958 because of him, so a past president would never be destitute again. Who's buried in Grant's tomb? Ulysses S. Grant and his wife, Julia Boggs Dent Grant.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/USGrant.gif
The familiar portrait of General U.S. Grant
at Cold Harbor in 1864, by Matthew Brady.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Series2004NoteFront_50.jpg
An even more familiar portrait of U.S. Grant

...in 1954, the Bing Crosby-Danny Kay film White Christmas debuted. The film was the first film made in Vista-Vision, the Paramount name for the wide screen process. Wide screen technique was not actually new, in fact, it had been around since the 1920s but was not used because of the extra expense involved. By the 1950s, Hollywood studios were in fear of a new competitor - television. The other studios used the wide screen system called CinemaScope. VistaVision shot horizontally on 35mm film to allow the wider image. The final print was reduced to fit 35mm film in the traditional vertical alignment. The process was higher resolution than CinemaScope but very expensive. Paramount abandoned the process soon after they started to use it. The VistaVision cameras wound up in Europe and Japan and were used there for many years. The process was also used to shoot special effects, later merged into films, for notable science fiction films and other features. Some of the VistaVision effects were used in the Star Wars franchise, Star Trek films, Indiana Jones and even Who Framed Roger Rabbit?.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Bing_Crosby_and_Danny_Kaye_in_White_Christmas_trai ler_2.jpg/140px-Bing_Crosby_and_Danny_Kaye_in_White_Christmas_trai ler_2.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Vera-Ellen_and_Rosemary_Clooney_in_White_Christmas_trai ler_2.jpg/140px-Vera-Ellen_and_Rosemary_Clooney_in_White_Christmas_trai ler_2.jpg
Bing Crosby, Danny Kaye
Vera Ellen and Rosemary Clooney
in White Christmas.

...in -4977 B.C., the universe was created. Well, at least to the 16th Century German mathematician and astronomer, Johannes Kepler. Kepler, often considered to be the father of modern science, is remembered for his work in optics and an improved refracting telescope, and for his explanations of the movement of planets. Using math formulae, he explained that the planets' orbits are elliptical and not circular, and that planets speed up in their orbits as they approach the sun and slow down as they move away. His work greatly influenced Sir Isaac Newton some years later. Kepler died in Regensberg in 1630. When the Big Bang theory was developed in the 20th Century, they found that Kepler's birth date of the universe was slightly off, by about 13.7 billion years.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Johannes_Kepler_1610.jpg/225px-Johannes_Kepler_1610.jpg
Johannes Kepler in 1610, artist unknown.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 62 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1958, a novelty record entitled The Witch Doctor hit the Number 1 spot on the Billboard pop chart. The record used an unusual technique, developed by Ross Bagdasarian, where the singer recorded part of the song at a different speed than the rest of the record, then was dubbed into the original recording. Bagdasarian recorded under the name "David Seville" and he topped the charts again later in the year with a record called The Chipmunk Song. Seville supposedly led a trio of chipmunks named Simon, Theodore and Alvin. Alvin was a mischievous sort and Bagdasarian was able to launch an entire product line and a cartoon series from the success of The Chipmunk Song, but it was the success of The Witch Doctor that started it all. Ooooh, eee, ooo ah ah, ting tang walla walla bing bang. (Click on the link to see David Seville perform The Witch Doctor (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJeb9QFoLzQ) on The Ed Sullivan Show. (Sheb Wooley would perform a similar stunt with a novelty record called The Purple People Eater, also in 1958.) David Seville was the cousin of William Saroyan and he was in the Broadway cast of The Time of Your Life by Saroyan. He also wrote a song performed by Rosemary Clooney.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/2d/Ross_Bagdasarian_aka_David_Seville.JPG
Rostom Sipan Bagdasarian, Sr.
aka David Seville (1919-1972)

...in 1789, the HMS Bounty was seized by a group of mutineers, led by Fletcher Christian, the master's mate, while traveling from Tahiti to the West Indies. The ship had been assigned to travel to Tahiti and collect saplings of breadfruit trees, transport them to the West Indies, where they would be transplanted to provide food for slaves. The Captain of the Bounty, one William Bligh, and 18 of his loyal followers were set adrift in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, in an overcrowded boat. The Bounty set sail for Tubuai, south of Tahiti. Bligh was a miserable captain, an oppresive commander who regularly insulted his subordintates. (Bligh would actually be mutinied three times in his career, although only the Bounty mutiny was due to his strict style and the other two were part of a wider mutinous circumstance.) At first, Bligh and his loyalists appeared to have received a tortuous death sentence, but he was such a capable seaman that he guided the boat on a 3,600 mile journey to the West Indies. He returned to England, received a new command and eventually completed his mission of transporting breadfruit saplings to the West Indies. Meanwhile, the mutineers took the Bounty back to Tahiti, where some of them remained. They would be captured, returned to England and some of them hanged for their participation in the mutiny. The rest settled on an uninhabited island named Pitcairn, where they stripped the Bounty and burned it. Today, about 40 people live on Pitcairn Island, most of them are descendents of the mutineers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/WilliamBligh.jpeg
William Bligh (1754-1817)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Habitantes_de_Pitcairn.jpg/180px-Habitantes_de_Pitcairn.jpg
Current residents of Pitcairn Island

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/ANMM-Bounty-3.jpg/300px-ANMM-Bounty-3.jpg
The Bounty has been replicated twice. One was commissioned by
MGM for use in filming the Marlon Brando feature in 1962 and most recently
saw use in the Pirates of the Caribbean franchise. It was scaled larger
than the original to accomodate 70mm cameras. The one pictured was built for
the 1984 Dino De Laurentis version of the Bounty story.

...in 1903, ten automobile manufacturers, including the familiar names of Cadillac, Thomas and Pope joined the Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers, known as the ALAM. The members paid royalties to George Seldon who owned patent No. 549,160 that described any hydrocarbon engine and self propelled road vehicle. Seldon was not a mechanic and never built a car. As you might guess, he was a lawyer, and after this date in 1903, had enough power to use his patent to build a monopoly over automobile production. The Duryea Brothers, Alexander Winton, Billy Durant (GM) and Ransom E. Olds all belonged to the ALAM. The most notable holdout was Henry Ford, and the ALAM sued him for patent infringement. It took until 1911, but Ford finally broke the patent when a court decided the patent covered a two-cycle engine that was no longer in production.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a6/George_b_selden_road-engine_549%2C160.png/250px-George_b_selden_road-engine_549%2C160.png
The Seldon Road Engine, source of all the headaches of
the early automobile industry.

...in 1945, Il Duce, Benito Mussolini and his mistress, Clara Petacci, were shot to death by Italian partisans who had been hunting the couple, capturing them as they tried to escape to Switzerland. Mussolini had led the fascist government of Italy during the war but was deposed as the allies began to race up the Italian peninsula. It was obvious that the Allies were going to win the war, and Mussolini knew that if he was captured by the British, the Americans or the Communists that he would be tried as a war criminal, so he decided to escape to a neutral country. He did not know that the border guards had switched sides, and he tried to pass himself off as a Luftwaffe officer. His disguise was actually comical, and partisans pulled him out of the line with Petacci. They were shot to death, their bodies were trucked to Milan where they were hung upside down on public display. Mussolini's fate influenced Adolph Hitler to commit suicide.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f5/Hitler_and_Mussolini_June_1940.jpg/180px-Hitler_and_Mussolini_June_1940.jpg
"His Excellency Benito Mussolini, Head of Government,
Duce of Fascism, and Founder of the Empire"
with Adolph Hitler.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 57 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1863, William Randolph Hearst was born in San Francisco. Hearst was the principal heir to a western mining magnate, George Hearst. George had made a fortune with investments in mines. William had no interest in mining, though and went off to Harvard. He became a fan of the New York World where he wound up being a reporter after Harvard threw him out. (The World was owned by Joseph Pulitzer.) Upon his return to San Francisco, Hearst convinced his father to put him in charge of the San Francisco Examiner, a paper that George purchased to back him in a failed attempt at the Senate. He began to get the best reporters and found success in giving his readers what they wanted - sensationalism, scandal and gossip. It was so successful that he began to buy up newspapers across the country. Like his father, he used the newspapers to back his politcal ambitions. He was elected to the House of Representatives from New York in 1902 and 1904 and he had ambitions for the presidency, but since he was unable to win the governorship of New York, party officials doubted his ability to be elected. He founded a third party, but even with all of his money, newpapers and influence, he was unable to fulfill his political ambitions. He moved back to California, acquired more newspapers and dug into the movie business. His mother died, leaving him the family ranch at San Simeon. Over the next six years, he built a castle on the site that, today, is a California State Park.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/William_Randolph_Hearst_cph_3a49373.jpg/170px-William_Randolph_Hearst_cph_3a49373.jpg
William Randolph Hearst

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ext_hearst_castle.jpg/250px-Ext_hearst_castle.jpg
Hearst Castle, San Simeon, California

...in 1945, Eva Braun got married. She was an assistant to and model for a photographer, but not just any photographer, Heinrich Hoffman, the official Nazi photographer. She was introduced to Adolph Hitler in 1929. 23 years younger than him, she became Hitler's mistress, but out of public view and little is known about their early relationship except that it began about 1931. Braun had no discernible influence over her lover. She remained loyal to the end, marrying him just hours before the two committed suicide, as the Russian army closed in on the city of Berlin, in their bunker, deep beneath the chancellory.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F051673-0059%2C_Adolf_Hitler_und_Eva_Braun_auf_dem_Berghof .jpg/225px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F051673-0059%2C_Adolf_Hitler_und_Eva_Braun_auf_dem_Berghof .jpg
Eva Braun and Adolph Hitler on
the veranda of the Berghof retreat.
Interesting that Ava Brown would
have a Scottish Terrier, as did FDR.

...in 1945, the 45th Division of the U.S. 7th Army liberated Dachau, the first concentration camp opened by the Nazi Party in 1933. In the early years, Dachau held political prisoners, mostly communists and opponents of the Nazi party. The population increased as the Nazis rounded up Jehovah's Witnesses, gypsies and homosexuals. In 1938, the Nazis began to inter Jews. The camp was a training center for concentration camp guards and was the model followed by other camps. Inmates were used for medical experiments, being injected with malaria and tuberculosis and treated with experimental drugs. Others were used to test methods of making sea water potable. Hundreds of inmates died from these experiments. Other were used as forced labor to make munitions. When prisoners became to weak to work or be useful as lab mice, they were transferred to an extermination center near Linz, Austria. As the Americans approached, many guards simply fled. The Americans found 30 rail cars full of bodies in various states of decomp. The camp contained more bodies and at least 30,000 living ghosts. The citizens of the town of Dachau were conscripted to bury the dead. At least 32,000 people died in the camp, even more were shipped out to extermination camps.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Dachau_never_again.jpg/250px-Dachau_never_again.jpg
"Never Again" in 5 languages.

...in 2004, the National World War II Memorial finally opened in Washington, D.C. to thousands of visitors. The memorial was long overdue for the Greatest Generation and the 16 million men and women who served in the war. The memorial is located on the former site of the Rainbow Pool on the National Mall, about halfway between the Lincoln and Washington Monuments. The federal government put up $16 million for the memorial fund, and private donations or more than $164 million made the memorial possible. Unfortunately, few of the 16 million veterans will ever see it. Only four million of them were still alive at the time of the dedication and 1,100 more veterans die every day. Roger Durbin of Berkley, Ohio proposed the memorial to Rep. Marcy Kapture who, in turn, sponsored a bill to build the memorial. The process took 17 years of red tape to be completed, Durbin passed away four years before its completion. Spokesmen for the memorial included Senator Bob Dole (who was severely injured in the war) and Tom Hanks. The memorial was dedicated by President George W. Bush. It is open 24 hours and receives over 4 million visitors each year.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Natww2.jpg
The WWII Memorial and Lincoln Memorial
from the top of the Washington Memorial.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/World_War_2_Memorial.jpg/200px-World_War_2_Memorial.jpg
Each of the 4,048 stars represent
100 Americans who died in the war.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/13/Wwiimemorial.jpg/280px-Wwiimemorial.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 53 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1789, George Washington was inaugurated as the first President of the United States in a ceremony in New York City. In February, all 69 electors chose Washington to be the first POTUS, in March the US Constitution went into effect and in April, Washington was inaugurated. He said, "I walk on untrodden ground. There is scarcely any part of my conduct which may not hereafter be drawn in precedent." In fact, he refused to run for a third term to prevent any appearance of being a president for life, a precident that was followed until Franklin Delano Roosevelt crushed it in 1940. Washington retired to Mount Vernon in 1797 and died just two years later. Henry Lee made the famous eulogy where he said that Washington was "First in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gilbert_Stuart_Williamstown_Portrait_of_George_Was hington.jpg/225px-Gilbert_Stuart_Williamstown_Portrait_of_George_Was hington.jpg
First POTUS, George Washington,
was inaugurated on this day in 1789.

...in 1976, South Viet Nam surrendered to North Viet Nam, bringing the long civil war to an end. North Vietnamese Col. Bui Tin accepted the surrender and said, "You have nothing to fear. Between Vietnamese there are no victors and no vanquished. Only the Americans have been beaten."

...in 1803, The Louisiana Purchase was completed between representatives of the United States and Napoleon Bonaparte's France. The French territory consisted of 828,800 square miles and was purchased at a cost of $15,000,000.00. The territory today encompasses portions of 14 states and 2 Canadian provinces and comprises about 23% of the United States. Napoleon needed the cash more than he needed the land. President Jefferson was uncomfortable with both Spain and France being within reach of blocking American access to New Orleans. Bonaparte was always uncomfortable with England. Upon completion of the Vente de la Louisiane, Napoleon said, "This accession of territory affirms forever the power of the United States, and I have given England a maritime rival who sooner or later will humble her pride." (The deal was brokered by Baring and Company of London. The original bill of sale was posted in the entrance hall at Baring's until 1995 when the bank collapsed. The document is now held by ING Group, the holders of Baring and Company.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/National-atlas-1970-1810-loupurchase-1.png
The United States in 1803 superimposed
over the modern US map.

...in 1925, Dodge Brothers, Inc., makers of the Dodge automobile, was sold to Dillon, Read & Company for $196 million ($50 million went to charity.) It was the largest single cash sale in the history of the US. Dodge still held a strong position in the marketplace on the Dodge Brothers reputation for quality and reliablilty. John and Horace Dodge, founders of the company, were also initial investors in the Ford Motor Company in 1903, their machine shop supplying axles and transmissions to the ledgling company. In 1914, they began to build their own automobiles, and in 1919, they sold their stock in Ford and became multi-millonaires. They both died unexpectedly in 1920, but the family knew nothing about running an automobile company and sold the operation. Walter P. Chrylser would buy the company in 1928 for $166 million and make it into a key component of the Chrysler Corporation.

http://www.allpar.com/cars/dodge/photos/1914_Dodge.jpg
John and Horace Dodge in a 1914 Dodge Brothers Tourer.

...in 1939, the New York World's Fair opened to great fanfare, including President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and New York Governor Herbert Lehman making speeches on television.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/1939fairhelicline.jpg/275px-1939fairhelicline.jpg
The most lasting image of the fair was called the
Tryon, Perisphere and Helicline.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/PRR_S1.jpg/180px-PRR_S1.jpg
The Pennsylvania Railroad ran the PRR-1, a
streamlined steam loco continuously at 60 mph, on a
dynomometer, when the fair was open.

...in 1945, holed up in Der Führerbunker (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BChrerbunker) in Berlin, Adoph Hitler and Eva Braun committed suicide rather than surrender to the Russian army that was sweeping into Berlin. Not long after, Germany surrendered to the Allies. It was the end of the Third and "One Thousand Year Reich." While the German Wehrmacht had swept through Europe in the early days of Hitler's "Blitzkrieg" or Lightning War, by 1943, it was clear that the war was going to be lost. The German army suffered a horrendous loss at the Battle of Stalingrad in February and in 1944, the successful Allied landing in Normandy began to chase the German army back to Berlin. It was already obvious the war was lost, and several of Hitler's staff conspired to assassinate him. As luck would have it, Hitler dodged the attempt and executed over 4,000 countrymen in reprisal. With the Soviet army about to enter Berlin, Hitler and Braun took poison and Hitler shot himself in the head with his sidearm. The two bodies were hastily cremated. The story, or legend anyway, is that the Soviet army collected the ashes and moved them around for years to prevent any kind of memorial being built on Hitler's grave. No one is really sure where those ashes are, and there is some speculation the ashes are not those of Hitler, anyway. On May 8, 1945, Germany unconditionally surrendered to be carved up by the Allied parties, and as World War II drew to a close in Europe, a cold war began that would last for over 4 decades. (Bernd Freytag von Loringhoven escaped from the bunker after discussing two possible escape routes. The one he chose was approved by Hitler himself, but von Loringhoven was captured by the British. The possibility of Hitler escaping the bunker seems very remote.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-V04744%2C_Berlin%2C_Garten_der_zerst%C3%B6rte_Reic hskanzlei.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-V04744%2C_Berlin%2C_Garten_der_zerst%C3%B6rte_Reic hskanzlei.jpg
The entrance to Der Führerbunker at the conclusion of the war and...

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-M1204-319%2C_Berlin%2C_Reichskanzlei%2C_gesprengter_F%C3 %BChrerbunker.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-M1204-319%2C_Berlin%2C_Reichskanzlei%2C_gesprengter_F%C3 %BChrerbunker.jpg
...after the Soviets got done with it in 1947.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 56 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1960, pilot Francis Gary Powers was shot down over the Soviet Union. He was flying a U-2 spy plane that was thought to be out of range of Soviet anti-aircraft missiles. The U-2 was a technological marvel, a product of the "skunk works," a secret organization at Lockheed that developed highly secret aircraft. The U-2 was able to cruise at 70,000 feet, and with superb optics in high altitude cameras, the U-2 was an ideal intelligence colletor. No one was aware of the plane until Powers was shot down. He was supposed to have taken a cyanide capsule and destroyed the airplane, but for some reason, he was not able to do so. The CIA assured President Dwight Eisenhower that the plane would self destruct and Powers would kill himself. Based on that info, the president issued a statement that a weather airplane had strayed off course and crashed in the Soviet Union. The Soviets captured Powers very much alive along with the nearly intact debris of his plane. It was very embarrassing to President Eisenhower and derailed peace talks that had been scheduled between Eisenhower and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev. Powers was released in 1962 in a prisoner exchange, although, the U-2 program continued, in fact, variations of the U-2 are still in use. A U-2 took the photographs of Soviet missiles in Cuba that launched the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1963.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Usaf.u2.750pix.jpg/300px-Usaf.u2.750pix.jpg
Lockheed U-2R in flgiht

...in 1963, James Whittaker of Redmond, Washington climbed Mount Everest, the first American to reach the summit of the tallest mountain in the world. At 29,028 feet above sea level, the mountain is called Chomo-Lungma (Mother Goddess of the Land) but was named in England for the 19th Century surveyor of the mountain range. The first successful ascent of the peak was by Edmund Hillary of New Zealand, who was later knighted for the feat.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Everest_kalapatthar_crop.jpg/285px-Everest_kalapatthar_crop.jpg
Mount Everest

...in 1931, the Empire State Building was dedicated in New York City, with President Herbert Hoover pushing a button in Washtington, D.C. to light the building. It was the world's tallest buidling at the time, and for many years afterward. (After the collapse of the WTC on 9/11/2001, it became the tallest building in New York again.) The Art Deco spire was supposed to be a dirigible mooring point, until someone figured out that disembarking passengers 102 stories above New York wasn't such a bright idea. Today, the spire is a broadcast antenna. On July 28, 1945 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index259.html#post515503), a B-25 Mitchell bomber flew into the building. Through its storied history, it remains the icon that means "New York City."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Empire_State_Building_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/250px-Empire_State_Building_by_David_Shankbone.jpg

...in 1941, Orson Welles released his masterpiece, Citizen Kane at the RKO Palace in New York. The film was under fire from William Randolph Hearst who tried in vain to supress the film. It was generally thought that Kane was the story of Hearst. He did not allow any of his newspapers to carry advertising for the movie. Welles was born in Kenosha, Wisconsin and grew up in Chicago. He was well versed in Shakespeare by the time he got to high school. He took up acting in Europe but was unable to land any work in the United States, so he returned to Europe. When he returned again, he landed the role of Tybalt in Romeo and Juliet which led to more work. In 1937, he founded the Mercury Theater with John Houseman and in 1938, the Mercury Theater's radio broadcast of The War of the Worlds was so realistic than many people thought Martians had, in fact, invaded New Jersey. Citizen Kane was made when Welles was only 25, it did not make any money. However, the lighting and camera angles were so different from anything before that it set a pace for Film Noir and earned the top spot on the American Film Institute's 1998 list of America's best films. Well, what do you think of that, Rosebud?

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f9/Kanepremiere.jpg/180px-Kanepremiere.jpg
The Premier in 1941

...in 1967, Elvis Presley married 21 year old Priscilla Beaulieu. (She was days shy of her 22nd birthday.) They met in 1959, when he was serving in Germany and the 14 year old's father was serving in the Air Force. With her father's permission, she moved into Graceland in 1960 and under the eye of Elvis' father, attended Immaculate Conception High School in Memphis. Elvis and Priscilla married in 1967, daughter Lisa Marie was born in February 1968. Elvis and Priscilla would divorce in 1973, and when Elvis died in 1977, he left his entire estate to Lisa Marie.

http://www.elvispresleynews.com/images/wedding03.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 56 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1933, the modern legend of the Loch Ness Monster was born. Actually, the legend of Nessie goes back about 1500 years with the earliest reference being from about 500 A.D. when images of the creature were carved into stones around the Loch. About 565, Saint Columba, the Irish Missionary who brought Christianity to Scotland, wrote about a large creature that was killing people in the Loch. Saint Columba commanded that the creature retreat, in the name of God, and Nessie has not killed anyone since. Well, so goes the legend, anyway. In 1933, the Inverness Courier reported that a local couple had seen the monster (the word was chosen by the editor of the Courier) and the Loch Ness Monster being a celebrity. Loch Ness is the largest body of freshwater in the British Isles. It is very deep and very murky, visibility at depth is nill. Sonar and other tests are constantly in use to capture Nessie, but she remains elusive. (Nessie has her own website, which you can visit: Legend of Nessie (http://www.nessie.co.uk/).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/Lochnessmonster.jpg/180px-Lochnessmonster.jpg
The "Surgeon's Photo" of Nessie, the enduring image of
Nessie, was published in 1934. It was proven a hoax in 1994.

...in 1918, General Motors acquired the Chevrolet Motor Company. It was actually a power play by GM founder, Billy Durant. Durant had been forced out of his control of GM in 1910 when shareholders were upset with is expansionist policies. Durant aligned himself with race driver, Louis Chevrolet, to build economical cars to compete with the market's most dominant automobile, the Ford Model T. Durant offered GM stockholders a five-for-one deal, and with the success of Chevrolet, it was too good of an offer to pass up. As a result of the deal, Durant regained control of GM, which he would hold until the 1920s.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Louis_Chevrolet_in_a_Buick_s055205.jpg/250px-Louis_Chevrolet_in_a_Buick_s055205.jpg
Louis Chevrolet in a Buick racer, taken in
Crown Point, Indiana in 1909

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Louischevroletbig.jpg/250px-Louischevroletbig.jpg
Louis Chevrolet Memorial at Indianapolis. He raced
four times at Indy, his best finish was 7th place. His
younger brother, Gaston, won the Indy 500 in 1920 in
a car that Louis built.


...in 1939, Henry Louis "Lou" Gehrig ended his record streak of 2,130 games. He benched himself for his poor play, which was caused by anyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) now more commonly known as Lou Gehrig's Desease. He never played again. Born Ludwig Heinrich Gehrig, he was a college star who signed with the Yankees in 1923 but never played until 1925. He stepped in at first base when the first baseman, Wally Pipp,, benched himself with a headache. He never set foot on the field again, as Gehrig played in 2,130 consecutive games over 13 years. To this day, when one is replaced for good, he is said to have been "Wally Pipped." On July 4, 1939, the Yankees hosted Lou Gehrig Day at Yankee Stadium. Over 60,000 fans and old teammates were there to honor him. After remarks by Babe Ruth, in part of his speech, he told Yankee fans that "Today, I consider myself the luckiest man on the face of the earth." He died on June 2, 1941.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gehrig_cropped.jpg/200px-Gehrig_cropped.jpg
Lou Gehrig (1903-1941)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 37 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1986, at the age of 54, Willie Shoemaker, riding 18 to 1 long shot Ferdinand, became the oldest jockey to win the Kentucky Derby. It was one of his career wins of 8,833 victories, a record that stood until 1999. William Lee Shoemaker was a premature baby, born in 1931. Doctors didn't think he'd live the night, but he did, even though he grew to a height of 4'11" and he weighed 98 pounds.. He ran his first professional horse race at the age of 17 and became known for his skill with horses. "Shoe" seldom used a whip and relied on communicating with the horse through the harness and bit. He won 11 Triple Crown races (four Kentucky Derbys, two wins at the Preakness Stakes and five Belmont Stakes) but he never won the Triple Crown itself. In addition, he placed (second) or showed (third) in 14 more Triple Crown races. His last victory was on January 20, 1990 at Gulfstream Park in Florida. He won 8,833 races out of the 40,350 that he ran in his career. After he retired, a car accident left him paralyzed from the neck down but he still worked with horses from a wheelchair. He died at his home in California in 2003.

http://www.nndb.com/people/920/000099623/willie-shoemaker-1.jpg
William Lee "Wille the Shoe" Shoemaker (1931-2003)

https://www.msu.edu/%7Eritchieh/historical/wiltchamberlain_schoemaker.jpg
The long and the short of it...
Willie Shoemaker and Wilt Chamberlain

...in 1469, Italian philosopher and author, Niccolo Machiavelli was born in Florence. He was a patriot and life-long proponent of Italian unity. His work in politics and his writing made him the father of modern political science. As a member of the Florence politcal family, he found himself in diplomatic missions with Louis XII of France, Pope Julius II, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I and most importantly, the prince of the Papal States named Cesare Borgia. Borgia was the inspiration for Machivelli's central character in his later book, The Prince. The book was published after his death, but was widely read. Borgia lived by the philosophy that the end justifies the means, he was an amoral, calculating tyrant. Though it was the character, Borgia, who was the cruel tyrant, Machiavelli became associated with the theory that the end justifies the means and, to this day, the term "Machiavellian" is used to describe anyone who undertakes an action, regardless of it being right or wrong.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Santi_di_Tito_-_Niccolo_Machiavelli%27s_portrait_headcrop.jpg/200px-Santi_di_Tito_-_Niccolo_Machiavelli%27s_portrait_headcrop.jpg
Nicollo Machiavelli, ca. 1500

...in 1937, Gone With the Wind was awarded the Pulitzer Prize. The book was published in 1936 and sold one million copies in the first six months. It sold more than 12 million copies over the next 30 years, making it the one of the best selling books of all times. The David O. Selznick feature film made from the book in 1939 also became one of the most profitable of all time.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Margaret_Mitchell_NYWTS.jpg/200px-Margaret_Mitchell_NYWTS.jpg
Margaret Mitchell (1900-1949)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 52 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1626, while looking for the Northwest Passage, Peter Minuet discovered an island that would later be called Manhattan.

https://4newyork.wiki.ccsd.edu/file/view/peter_Minuet.jpg

...in 1994, Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat reached an agreement in Cairo for the first stage of Palestinian self-rule. The agreement grew out of the Oslo Accords, signed in Washington, D.C. in the fall of 1993. It was the first time that Palestine acknowledged Israel's right to exist and was supposed to set a pattern for future relations. Israel agreed to withdraw troops from 60% of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank town of Jericho, land that was captured by Israel during the Six-Day War in 1967. The Palestinians agreed to combat terrorism. In the last several years, we've seen how well that worked, haven't we? Israeli critics of the deal call "Land for Peace" is in reality, "Land for Nothing."

http://news.bbc.co.uk/media/images/39258000/jpg/_39258241_arafatrabin_ap_238.jpg
Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and
PLO Leader Yasser Arafta shake hands as
President Bill Clinton looks on.

...in 1975, Harry Moses Horwitz died in Hollywood, ending a long show business career. He was born in the Brownsville neighborhood of Brooklyn, the fourth of five Horwitz boys of Levite and Lithuanian Jewish ancestry. His parents were not in show business, but Harry and his older brother, Samuel and younger brother, Jerome, would become world-famous as members of a group known as The Three Stooges. He took the childhood nickname, Moe, from his brothers and he did pretty well in school due to his prodigious memory. He would sneak out of school and con his way into theaters, where he would sit in the balcony with his chin resting on the railing, watching, completely enthralled. He dropped out of high school to pursue a career in show business, acting in bit parts in early movies. (A fire in the studio destroyed all of those early works.) In Vaudeville, he teamed up with Ted Healy in an act known as "Ted Healy and His Stooges." Brother Samuel, as Shemp, sat in the audience one night. Moe saw him and yelled, the two heckled each other all night to the delight of the audience. Healy hired Shemp to be part of the act. Later, brother Jerome, shaved his beautiful auburn mustache and shaved his head, joining the act as Curly. Moe married Helen Schonberger, cousin of Harry Houdini. Eventually, Ted Healy moved on and the act became known as The Three Stooges. Moe assumed the role of the bullying ring leader, the antitheses of the real Moe, a kind and gentle man. At Columbia, the Stooges made 190 short features that continue to run on television to this day, keeping the Stooges alive.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1e/Horowitzmosesphoto.jpg/180px-Horowitzmosesphoto.jpg
Moe Howard (1897-1975)

...in 1929, Audrey Hepburn-Ruston was born near Brussels. The Brussels' sprout was the daughter of an English banker and a Dutch baroness. Her father abandoned the family when she was six and her mother returned to Holland, thinking it would be safer there. Of course, it wasn't, and the Nazis occupied Holland. Hepburn-Ruston continued to take ballet and she smuggled messages to the Resistance in her ballet shoes. After the war, she continued to study ballet in London but also took up acting. (She dropped the "Ruston" from her name as she started her acting career.) In 1951, she met the French writer, Colette, who insisted her new friend be cast, on Broadway, as her lead, Gigi, in the play of the same name. She recieved so much attention from her role that she was cast as the lead in the delightful 1953 film Roman Holiday for which she won an academy award. She went on to star in several strong films, most notably Sabrina opposite the mis-casting of Humphrey Bogart, The Nun's Story, Truman Capote's masterpiece, Breakfast at Tiffany's and the stunningly beautiful My Fair Lady. Hepburn's singing was dubbed by Marni Nixon (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marni_Nixon), "The Ghostess with the Mostess," probably the most prolific and unrecognized singer in Hollywood. When the traditional veil of secrecy was lifted and word got out about the dubbing, Hepburn did not receive an Oscar nomination for the very demanding role. Hepburn went into semi-retirement after the film Wait Until Dark and moved to Europe, where she became involved and several do-gooder causes. After her experiences in WWII, she found it important to continue in her humanitarian work. Hepburn died in 1993 and in 1994, was posthumously awarded the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/AUDREY_HEPBURN23.jpg
Audrey Hepburn, 1929-1993
Here she is pictured as Holly Golightly in
Breakfast at Tiffany's. The black
dress reportedly sold at Christy's for
almost a half million pounds.

...in 1970, 100 National Guardsmen opened fire into a group of student protesters at Kent State University in Ohio, wounding 11 and killing four outright. The protest was sparked by an announcement from President Richard Nixon that US and South Vietnamese forces had been ordered in Cambodia to eliminate North Vietnamese bases located there. At Kent State, protesters torched the ROTC building. Governor James Rhodes called ou the National Guard to restore order. The troops were being harassed by the protesters and the gunshots erupted. Later, severl guardsmen were brought to trial but there were no convictions. President Nixon deplored the shootings but added, "When dissent turns to violence it invites tragedy." The incident sparked thousands more protests across the country and inspired Neil Young to write the Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young song, Ohio,

Tin soldiers and Nixon coming,
We're finally on our own.
This summer I hear the drumming,
Four dead in Ohio.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/65/Kent_State_massacre.jpg
John Filo's Pulitzer Prize photo became the iconic image
of the Kent State shootings. Fourteen year old runaway,
Mary Ann Vecchio, knelt over the body of Jeffrey Miller
after being shot by the National Guard. This is the un-retouched
original. In published versions, the fence post in the background,
appearing to be stuck in Vecchio's head, was removed.

...in 1979, Margaret Thatcher was sworn in as Britain's first female prime minister. The chemist and lawyer, educated at Oxford, was born in Grantham, England in 1925. She made an unsuccessful run at Parliament in 1950, but after marriage and giving birth to twins, she re-entered politics in 1959 and was elected to Parliament. She rose quickly through the Conservative Party and became the party leader in 1975. In 1975, she was sworn into the office of Prime Minister the day after the Conservatives won a majority in Parliament.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Margaret_Thatcher.png/220px-Margaret_Thatcher.png
The Right Honorable Baroness Margaret Thatcher
"Being powerful is like being a lady. If you have to
tell people you are, you aren't."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 50 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1961, America made its first major step in the space race with Russia by launching a manned space flight from Cape Canaveral. Navy Commander Alan Shepard, Jr. rode his Freedom 7 Mercury capsule to space in a 15 minute up-and-down flight, 116 miles into space and 302 miles downrange to successful splash down in the Atlantic Ocean. It was a major success for the fledgling National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA.) America had found itself behind the Russians in a space race, started when the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite, Sputnik on October 4, 1957. It simply sent out a radio signal, a beep, but it proved that the Soviet Union had the capability of launching a missile with intercontinental reach. (Sputnik re-entered the atmosphere and burned up on January 4, 1958.) Soviet Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index275.html#post639395) made the first successful manned space flight in Vostok 1 and orbited the earth three times. Soviet Premier Nikita Khruschev derided Shepard's flight as "flea hop" compared to the flight of Vostok 1. The Americans continued to trail the Soviets in the space race through the early 1960s, however, that all changed later in the decade with the start of Project Apollo. After recovery from the fatal accident aboard Apollo 1 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-january-27-2009-a-48876/), one success of the Apollo program was followed by another success, putting NASA well ahead in the space race. The culmination was the first landing on the moon on July 20, 1969 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index259.html#post508383). All that success started with Alan Shepard's "Flea hop" on this date in 1961.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Mercury_3.jpg/250px-Mercury_3.jpg
Launch of the Mercury-Redstone 3, carrying
Alan Shepard in the Freedom 7capsule. The
Redstone Rocket was basically an improved version
of the WWII German V-2 rocket, brought to America by
Wehrner von Braun and his staff.

...in 1862, the outnumbered Mexican army, under General Ignacio Zaragoza, successfully defended the Puebla de Los Angeles from a French invasion. In 1861, Benito Juarez had become the president of Mexico, a country in financial ruin. He defaulted on loans from the European powers, and the British, Spanish and French governments sent naval forces to collect. Britain and Spain negotiated settlements, but Napoleon saw an opportunity to create a French empire in Mexico. The rag-tag Mexican army of 2,000 faced a well-equipped French force of 6,000 but the Texan-born General Zaragoza prepared the Puebla and dug in for the invasion. The victory proved that Mexico could defend itself. Puebla de Los Angeles was renamed Puebla de Zaragoza in honor of the general and today, the battle is celebrated as Cinco de Mayo, a holiday in the state of Puebla. Cinco de Mayo doesn't cause much of a stir anywhere else in Mexico. While the holiday is celebrated in many Mexican settlements around the world, a 2007 paper published by the UCLA Center for the Study of Latino Health and Culture said, "The holiday, which has been celebrated in California continuously since 1863, is virtually ignored in Mexico."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cinco_de_mayo_bush.jpg/300px-Cinco_de_mayo_bush.jpg
President George W. Bush greets Cinco de Mayo dancers.

...in 1945, the only American civilians to die on American soil during World War II were killed in Lakeview, Oregon by a Japanese balloon. The Japanese had attempted some attacks on the American mainland, first by submarines and later by balloons that carried incendiaries and explosives. The balloons were launched from the Japanese home islands and carried across the Pacific Ocean by jet stream currents. Mrs. Elsie Mitchell (26) and five children from her neighborhood were on a church outing with Reverend Archie Mitchell. They died when they tried to pull a downed balloon from the woods and it exploded. The children were Edward Engen (13) Sherman Shoemaker (11) Jay Gifford (13) and Richard (14) and Ethel (13) Patzke. The last remaining balloon bomb was found in 1955, but authorities believe there may be more of the bombs located in remote mountain and wooded locations. As crude as the balloons were, they were surprisingly effective carriers, but caused relatively little damage. The balloons landed up and down the west coast from Alaska to Mexico, some reaching as far as South Dakota and Michigan, one made it to the outskirts of Detroit. If you encounter something that resembles such a bomb, stay away from it and contact authorities.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Japanese_fire_balloon_moffet.jpg/180px-Japanese_fire_balloon_moffet.jpg
A fire balloon, shot down, disarmed and reinflated.

...in 1955, the Federal Republic of Germany became a sovereign state as the Allied nations of France, Great Britain and the United States ended their occupation that had begun at the end of WWII in 1945. Commonly called West Germany, the nation was allowed to rearm and join NATO, although it was prohibited from developing nuclear or chemical weapons. The Soviet Union, which occupied the eastern half of Germany, was not pleased with West Germany becoming an armed and sovereign nation, but was happy that talk of reunification had come to an end. The Soviet Union formally recognized the Federal Republic of Germany and the two Germanys remained separated until the fall of the Soviet Union. In 1990, East and West Germany reunited and Germany became a single democratic nation.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Deutschland_Bundeslaender_1957.png/180px-Deutschland_Bundeslaender_1957.png
GDR (West Germany) in blue and East Germany (red) with
Berlin (gold) before reunification in 1990.

...in 1904, Cy Young threw a perfect game for the Boston Red Sox against the Detroit Tigers, pitching against Rube Waddell, a future Hall of Fame'r himself. It was the first perfect game of the modern era. The previous perfect game had been thrown in 1880 by John Montgomery Ward. (No, he did not start a department store.) Denton True Young started his professional baseball career in the football town of Canton, Ohio. In Cleveland, his teammates called him "Cyrus" as a dig at his rural roots. It soon became "Cy" which soon became short for "Cyclone" from the way he pitched. He lost his last game to a rookie named Grover Cleveland Alexander who would also become one of the greatest pitchers in baseball history. Cy Young retired at the end of the 1911 season with 511 wins, a record that still stands, along with many others. He had five 30 win seasons, 749 complete games and threw three no-hitters, including the perfect game. The Cy Young Award is presented to the best pitcher in baseball each season.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Young_Cy_1_MLB_HOF.jpg
Cy Young (1867-1955)

...in 1921, Coco Chanel introduced Chanel No. 5. It received its famous name as a result of a contract. Perfumer, Ernest Beaux, was contracted to make six formulae for Coco Chanel to choose from. The samples were labeled No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 etc. and it was the 5th formula she chose. The perfume was originally available in three strengths, Parfum, Eau de Toilette and Eau de Cologne. In the late 1980s, Eau de Parfum was introduced and Eau de Cologne was discontinued. Just the same, Chanel No. 5 remains one of the most popular fragrances of all time, and the company estimates that a bottle is sold worldwide every 55 seconds.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/ce/Chanel_No_5.jpg/200px-Chanel_No_5.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 49 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1937, the dirigible Hindenburg burst into flames when it touched its mooring mast in Lakehurst, New Jersey. 36 passengers and crew members perished in the fire. The Hindenburg was the largest dirigible ever built and the pride of the Nazi airship fleet. The first lighter-than-air ship was built in France by Henri Giffard in 1852. The Germans developed a rigid airframe ship, often called a zeppelin after its inventor, Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin. The German zeppelin was lighter than the French airships but used hydrogen, a highly explosive gas. The Graf Zeppelin began passenger service in 1929 and flew around the world, inspiring the construction of the Hindenburg, larger than the Graf Zeppelin. The exact cause of the disaster is unknown, but it is assumed that a static spark ignited the hydrogen. Newscaster Herb Morrison was in Lakehurst for a newsreel voiceover when the disaster occurred. His description was rushed to New York to be a part of the first nationwide news broadcasts. You can watch the crash and hear Morrison's description here on You Tube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pUVDmXvXcbk&feature=related).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Hindenburg_burning.jpg/260px-Hindenburg_burning.jpg
The Hindenburg Crash

...in 1928, Walter P. Chrysler introduced the DeSoto as a new brand. It was a six cylinder automobile, strategically placed between the Chrysler 8 and the Dodge 4 cylinder models. It offered several features never offered in a low price automobile before. DeSoto sold 80,000 cars in its first year. In 1934, the revolutionary Airflow changed the design of automobiles. The obvious feature was the streamlining, although the design remains controversial to this day. The engine was moved over the front axle for the first time, allowing the rear seat to be located further forward and ahead of the rear axle. Most rear seats were over the rear axle, and moving the seat forward made a much more comfortable ride for rear seat passengers. The Airflow also utilized smaller wheels with larger tires, also softening the ride. The last DeSoto was produced in 1960, at the end of the late 50s design fascination with huge fins, of which DeSoto was a master of excess.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/%2729_DeSoto_%28Auto_classique%29.JPG/180px-%2729_DeSoto_%28Auto_classique%29.JPGhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1a/DeSoto1961.jpg/250px-DeSoto1961.jpg
The Alpha (1929) and Omega (1961) of the DeSoto family of cars.

http://oldcarandtruckpictures.com/Airflow/1934_DeSoto_Airflow_Coach.jpg
The ground-breaking 1934 DeSoto Airflow

...in 1954, medical student Roger Bannister became the first person to run the mile in under four minutes. He ran the mile in 3:59.4, which was promptly broken by Australian John Landy who beat Bannister's time by less than one second. The press instantly labeled the two as rivals, and they happened to meet at the British Empire Games in Vancouver, BC. Landy led the entire race, but Bannister out-sprinted him to the finish line, beating Landy 3:58.6 to 3:58.8. Bannister went on to finish his medical studies. Dr. Bannister was knighted in 1975. Sir Roger Bannister served as the director of the Nation Hospital for Nervous Diseases in London.

http://www.achievement.org/achievers/ban0/headers/ban0_image.gif

...in 1933, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt began to brew his alphabet soup of federal agencies with the creation of the Works Progress Administration. The WPA was just one of FDR's make-work agencies. At the height of the Great Depression, FDR wanted to distribute funds to Americans but he felt it was better if people would work rather than accept handouts. The Civil Works Administration (CWA) was created in 1933 but ceased operation in 1934 because of great opposition. However, other agencies included the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) the National Recovery Administration (NRA) and the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA.) There was no end to the alphabet soup, as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) came into being, as did the Federal Housing Authority (FHA) the Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) the Public Works Administration (PWA) the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Rural Electrification Administration (REA) and the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB.) The Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) paid farmers to not grow crops. Critics of the largest agency, the WPA, had several entertaining names for it. Projects often crawled to a stop as foremen had no power to fire anyone, so the agency became known as We Poke Along, We Piddle Along, oR the Whistle Piss and Argue gang. Harper Lee wrote in To Kill a Mockingbird that Bob Ewell was "the only person fired from the WPA for laziness." Much of FDR's alphabet soup is still with us, like the SSA or Social Security Act.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f4/Usa-wpa-graphic.jpg/180px-Usa-wpa-graphic.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 52 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1789, President George Washington attended a ball in New York City, given in his honor, to commemorate his inauguration on April 30. It started a tradition that continues today, although it has grown considerably. Martha Washington was unable to attend, she was back in Mount Vernon, tending to business affairs. President Washington arrived with other statesmen and their wives. It is reported that he danced with many of the New York socialites and the wives and daughters of visiting dignitaries. Eliza Hamilton, wife of Alexander, wrote in her memoirs that President Washington seemed to prefer the minuet, a dance, she said, "...suited to his dignity and gravity." John Adams and Thomas Jefferson held informal gatherings but Dolly Madison, ever the showy type, threw a formal ball for 400 guests and the precedent was set. In 1957, President Eisenhower had 15 balls to attend and today, inaugurated presidents make whirlwind tours of the many balls held in Washington on January 20 every four years. The record, not surprisingly, is held by Bill Clinton who attended 15 inaugural balls in 1997.

...in 1915, a German U-boat sank the British luxury liner Lusitania causing the deaths of 1,198 of 1,959 passengers, 128 of them Americans. In 1914, when the War to End All Wars had broken out, the United States declared and maintained neutrality. Great Britain, however, was a close American ally and was under great strain. In March of 1915, a German cruiser sank the William P. Frye, a private American vessel carrying grain to England. President Woodrow Wilson was outraged. The Germans apologized. In August 1916, the Germans promised to look after passengers, but in November, a U-boat sank an Italian liner, killing 272 people, including 27 Americans. The tide of public opinion was turning against the Germans, and in January 1917, the Germans announced the return of unrestricted warfare. The United States broke off diplomatic relations and hours later, a U-boat sank the Housatonic, luckily, all Americans were rescued by a British steamer. In February 1917, British intelligence officers intercepted a communique that has become known as the Zimmerman Note. In it, Germany asked Mexico to enter the war as an ally and in return, Germany would restore Texas, New Mexico and Arizona to Mexico. The memo was published, galvanizing Americans against Germany. In March, the Germans sank four more American ships and on April 4, the Senate voted 82-6 to declare war, on April 5, the House voted 373 to 50, and America formally entered the war. It took awhile for General "Black Jack" Pershing to get to Europe, but the American entry into the war turned the tide and sealed Germany's fate.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e8/Lusitania_1907.jpg/250px-Lusitania_1907.jpg
The Lusitania arriving in New York on her maiden voyage, September 1907.

...in 1896, one of the most heinous serial killers of all time was hanged in Philadelphia. Although his exploits occurred about the same time as Jack the Ripper, few people know about the Arch Fiend, Dr H.H. Holmes. Herman Mudgett was born in New Hampshire and began torturing animals as a child. He attended the University of Michigan and graduated with a medical degree. Dr. Holmes moved to Chicago in 1886 and began work as a pharmacist for Dr. E.S. Holton's pharmacy on the south side. He bought the pharmacy from the widow after the owner's death. She mysteriously disappeared afterward, with Dr. Holmes explaining that the grieving widow took her new found wealth and took an extended vacation in California. The experienced confidence man then played a number of cons to raise enough funds to build a mansion across the street from the pharmacy. The place was called "The Castle" by locals. Holmes hired and fired numerous contractors over the course of construction, so that no one would know the building's secrets. It was laced with secret passages, fake walls, trap doors, shafts to the basement, rooms with doors that only opened from the outside, doors that opened to brick walls, a gas tank with pipes set into bedrooms and an elaborate dissection laboratory in the basement. He had controls built into his bedroom that allowed him to fill any of the bedrooms with gas. Holmes build a vault in his office in which he would lock victims, listening to them scream until they suffocated. He opened The Mansion to out of town guests who came to attend the Columbian Exposition, just blocks away from his "hotel." People who rented rooms from him, especially attractive young women, began to disappear. He financed much of his exploits by selling organs and skeletons to medical schools but no one ever seemed to think to ask him how he came by his anatomy cadavers. He had two crematorium furnaces, acid baths and a lime pit as ways of disposing of his victim's bodies. He also performed illegal abortions in an operating room where many patients died, their bodies disposed of in his usual fashion. After the Columbian Exposition closed and the economy slowed, Holmes found himself short of cash. With creditors and the authorities closing in, Holmes fled for Texas. He was about to construct a new castle when he decided the law enforcement community in Texas was not to his liking. He traveled the country, leaving a trail of bodies and finally, the Pinkertons captured him in Boston on a Philadelphia warrant. About the same time, authorities closed in on the Chicago castle and found the grizzly remains of many unidentifiable bodies. His story is told in the Erik Larson book, Devil in the White City which tells the juxtaposed stories of the grandiose 1893 Columbian Exposition and the exploits of Dr. Holmes. I highly recommend the book, which is available from libraries, Amazon (http://www.amazon.com/Devil-White-City-Madness-Changed/dp/0375725601/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241450615&sr=1-1) and other retailers. (He took his name, ironically, from the famous detective novels. While he admitted to 27 murders, it is more likely that his body total is in the hundreds. Over 100 murders can be linked to him and some estimates range as high as 230. It could even be higher but no one really knows. The Castle mysteriously burned to the ground and today, the site is occupied by a post office - make up your own joke.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/H.H.Holmes.gif
Would you rent a room from this man?
It wasn't a very good idea to do so.

http://g-ecx.images-amazon.com/images/G/01/ciu/25/9b/1e40793509a0bdfc3b393110.L.jpg (http://www.amazon.com/Devil-White-City-Madness-Changed/dp/0375725601/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241450615&sr=1-1)

...in 1945, Germany signed the unconditional surrender papers in Reims, France. General Alfred Jodl, on behalf of Germany, was reluctent to sign. He wanted the surrender to apply only to the fighting with the Western Allies. General Eisenhower declined, demanding total and unconditional surrender. Eisenhower did not want troops fighting in the east to flee to the west in order to surrender. Jodl contacted Admiral Karl Donitz in Berlin, who had taken over for Hitler. Donitz ordered him to sign, and he did. Russian general Ivan Susloparov witnessed the signing but did not sign the surrender himself. He was immediately whisked away by the Soviet secret police, never to be heard from again. Jodl was wounded in the attempt on Hitler's life but he was found guilty of war crimes at Nuremburg and hanged on October 16, 1946. He was posthumously pardoned in 1953 after a German appeals court found him not guilty of breaking international law.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1971-033-01%2C_Alfred_Jodl.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1971-033-01%2C_Alfred_Jodl.jpg
General Alfred Jodl (1899-1946) the signer of
Germany's unconditional surrender in 1945.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 43 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1919, an Australian journalist, living in London, wrote a letter to the London Evening Times suggesting that the first anniversary of the armistice that ended the World War be commemorated by several moments of silence. Edward George Honey had served the British army for a short time until an injury caused his release. He was concerned with the celebrations that followed the end of the war, and he thought a silent commemoration was much more appropriate, in memory of the many who served and suffered. He wrote, “Five little minutes only. Five silent minutes of national remembrance. A very sacred intercession. Communion with the Glorious Dead who won us peace, and from the communion new strength, hope and faith in the morrow. Church services, too, if you will, but in the street, the home, the theatre, anywhere, indeed, where Englishmen and their women chance to be, surely in this five minutes of bitter-sweet silence there will be service enough." It did not bring about change, however, Sir Henry Fitzpatrick heard a similar proposal that he took to King George V, who made a proclamation on November 17th that said “...at the hour when the Armistice came into force, the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month, there may be for the brief space of two minutes a complete suspension of all our normal activities, so that in perfect stillness, the thoughts of everyone may be concentrated on reverent remembrance of the glorious dead." It is a tradition that is still honored in much of the former British Empire. (Sadly, not so in the United States. Here it is called Veterans Day and does not seem to share the same reverence here as Armistice Day in Great Britain. A similar national day of mourning is observed in Germany. Called "Volkstrauertag" it is observed two Sundays before Advent, close to Armistice Day but not on the same day.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9f/Westminsterabbeypoppies.jpg/180px-Westminsterabbeypoppies.jpg
The Poppy is the official flower of memorials to the World War.
The protracted Battle of Ypres in 1915 killed over a half a million
soldiers and inspired Dr. John McCrae to write a poem entitled
In Flanders Fields "...though poppies grow In Flanders Fields." (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-july-31-2008-a-41661/)

...in 1984, the Soviet Union cited fears for its athletes, in an environment it considered hostile and anti-communist, and announced it was boycotting the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles. Andrew Carnegie once said, "Everyone has two reasons for doing something, one that sounds good and the real reason." The communists stated the one that sounded good, but the real reason was likely in retribution for American aid to Muslim rebels fighting Russia in Afghanistan and as payback for Jimmy Carter's boycott of the 1980 Olympics in Moscow. Other Soviet Bloc countries followed suit, leaving the Olympics without the best athletes from the communist countries, except for one. China did participate, their first Olympics since 1952.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a1/SamOlyEagle1.png
Sam the Olympic Eagle
was the mascot of the 1984
Los Angeles Olympic Games.

...in 1910, Schmuel Gelbfisz from Warsaw, a clothing salesman using the Anglicized name, Sam Goldfish, married Blanche Lasky, the sister of a Vaudeville performer and producer Jesse L. Lasky. In 1913, they started the Jesse L. Lasky Feature Play Company and became a production company in the early days of the movie industry. They teamed up with a young director named Cecil B. DeMille along with Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford. Goldfish became disillusioned, left the company and divorced Blanche. Sam Goldfish would partner with Edgar and Archibald Selwyn, and combine their names to found the Goldwyn Pictures Corporation, and later change his name to match the studio's.

http://www.cobbles.com/simpp_archive/images/fair-pick-gold.jpg
Douglas Fairbanks, Mary Pickford and
Sam Goldwyn before he left to go independent.

But meanwhile, back at Jesse L. Lasky Feature Play Company...

...in 1914, H.H. Hodkinson created a film financing and distribution company called Paramount Pictures. Hodkinson started as a film distributor in Ogden, Utah and became the largest film distributor on the west coast. Jesse L. Lasky Feature Play Company acquired Famous Pictures (another studio) and Paramount acquired Famous Players - Lasky Corporation to become the dominant film company in the industry. Today, it is the oldest film company in Hollywood.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/94/ParamountLogo1930s.JPG
The Paramount logo is the only one still in
use. The original logo had 24 stars as Paramount
had 24 stars under contract. It now has 22 stars.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 20 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson issued a proclamation that established Mother's Day. The concept of Mother's Day is credited (by some) to Julia Ward Howe by suggesting a day of peace. Mother's Day was celebrated in numerous locations in 1911 but it was not until 1914 that President Wilson declared the second Sunday in May to officially be "Mother's Day." Wilson said it was a holiday that offered a chance to express our love and reverence for mothers.

...in 1973, Johnny Bench, All-Star catcher (Cincinnati Reds) and future Hall of Fame member, hit three home runs, in one game, off All-Star pitcher and future Hall of Fame member Steve Carlton (Philadelphia Phillies.) Bench had hit a home run in his last at bat the night before, so he actually hit four home runs in four consecutive at-bats, tying a major league record. It wasn't the first time Bench hit three home runs in a game, and this is the amazing thing - he hit three home runs one season earlier, to the day, off the pitching of Steve Carlton. What makes Bench's accomplishment more remarkable is that Carlton was a devastating pitcher, second only to Warren Spahn in left handed career victories. Willie Stargell said, "Hitting him [Carlton] is like trying to drink coffee with a fork." Bench was an equally devastating hitter.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Sports/carlton01.jpg http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Sports/0606johnny_bench.jpg
Carlton vs. Bench
A Classic pitcher vs. hitter duel.

...in 1945, the Seventh Army, in Bavaria, captured Herman Göring, the commander of the Luftwaffe, head of the Gestapo, prime minister of Prussia and designated successor to Hitler. He was a early supporter of Hitler and participated in the failed Beer Hall Putsch in 1923, in fact, he was wounded in the Putsch. He became dependent upon painkillers as the wound healed. Göring was instrumental in the creation of concentration camps and ordered purging of Jews after the Kristallnacht progrom in 1938. In a memo to Reinhard Heydrich (the Obergruppenfüher of the SS and Gestapo) Göring said, "submit to me as soon as possible a general plan of the administrative material and financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired final solution of the Jewish question." The loss of the Battle of Britain and his drug addiction aided his fall from grace in the Nazi party, along with his colossal ego. When he was captured, he had a huge supply of drugs. He was committed of war crimes at Nuremburg and was sentenced to death by hanging. Before he could be executed, however, he committed suicide by taking a cyanide pill that he had concealed from his captors.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2c/Goering1932.jpg/225px-Goering1932.jpg
Would you buy a used car
from this man?

...in 1960, the FDA approved the world's first oral contraceptive. Enovid-10, made by the Searle Company, became known as "The Pill" and set off a firestorm of controversy while providing women with a much more practical contraceptive than had been previously available. In the 1930s, scientists had discovered that high doses of androgens, estrogens or progesterone inhibited ovulation, and could be found in steroid hormones extracted from animals. The cost of these animal extracts, from Europe, was impractically high. Russell Marker, at Penn State, synthesized progesterone from sarsaparilla but that was also too expensive. Marker then synthesized progesterone from the inedible Mexican yam but was unable to convince his sponsor, Parke-Davis, that there was a market for the produce. He left Penn State and co-founded a company in Mexico City. They broke the European monopoly on steroid hormones, reducing the price 200 times. In 1951, suffragist Margaret Sanger coordinated funding of research. It was found that small doses given to infertile women increased pregnancies and that larger doses blocked ovulation. In 1954, clinical tests began. In 1957, the FDA approved Enovid-10 as a treatment for menstrual disorders. On May 9, 1960, the FDA announced it would approve the product as a contraceptive. Just the same, it took until 1965 to make the drug available to all women in all states and until 1972 to make it available to unmarried women in all states.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Pilule_contraceptive.jpg/200px-Pilule_contraceptive.jpg
Look familiar to any of you?

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 27 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1869, at Promontory Summit, Utah, the two railroads that formed the transcontinental railroad met to drive the ceremonial last spike. The need for a better way to the west coast was more than obvious. The only way west (or back east, for that matter) was by long and arduous wagon train, the hard-seated and terribly uncomfortable stage coach, or by ship, aound the storm-tossed horn of South America, a risky venture all by itself. In 1853, perhaps influenced by the Gold Rush of '49 (who knows for sure?) Congress appropriated funds to survey potential routes of a transcontinental railroad. The actual building was put on hold due to the Civil War but iIn 1862, Congress offered land grants and extra money to the two companies that would build the road - the Union Pacific and Central Pacific. Incentives were offered by trackage laid. The rush was on, but the Union Pacific had the easier route from Omaha to the west, across the relatively flat lands of Nebraska and Wyoming while the Central Pacific was forced to lay rails across the Sierra Nevada. Once the Central Pacific had crossed Donner Pass, the race was on. In fact, the two lines missed each other and a final meeting place had to be renegotiated. The conditions were miserable. Swealtering heat of Summer, miserably cold and snowy winters, Indian raids, the lawless western towns all contributed to making the life of a railroad man less than romantic. The mostly Chinese work crews of the Central Pacific faced even worse conditions, carving a right-of-way across sheer mountain faces, all with hand tools, picks and shovels. It was not unusual for hundreds or workers to perish in a landslide, many of the Chinese bodies later found with their hands tightly grasping their shovels. (The "China Wall," named in honor of the builders, is still visible in Donner Pass, even though the tracks have long since been abandoned.) The railroad was completed ahead of schedule and under budget. Once the railroad opened the west, the growth rate of the United States was incredibly fast, due to the ease and speed of the trains that carried America west.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Lincoln%20Highway/aims_monument.jpg
The Ames Brothers were financiers who made
the UPRR possible. The track went right past this
pyramid, known as the Ames Monument, until the
track moved several miles south. The monument is still
there, but it is well off the beaten path near
Cheyene, Wyoming.

http://www.geol.ucsb.edu/faculty/sylvester/WALLS/WALLS-Images/ChinaWall3.jpg
The China Wall was hand-built to carry the Central Pacific through
Donner Pass. A commemorative plaque is mounted on the wall.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/1869-Golden_Spike.jpg/300px-1869-Golden_Spike.jpg
The meeting of the UP No. 119 and CP No. 60 at
Promontory Summit. The tracks were used for 35 years
until a bridge was built across the Great Salt Lake. The
rails were removed during WWII for the steel.

http://www.nps.gov/gosp/supportyourpark/images/Champagne_Photo_007.JPG
A 1-1/2 mile section of track was built there in 1969 to commemorate the
centennial, and the two locomotives were faithfully reproduced. That's about
all that is there today, maintained by the National Park Service (http://www.nps.gov/gosp/). Incidentally, the
meeting was at Promontory SUMMIT and not at Promontory POINT as it is
often mistakenly called.

...in 1877, President Rutherford B. Hayes had the first telephone installed in the White House. Telephoney was in its infancy and there weren't even any exchanges yet. (It would take another 50 years for Herbert Hoover to install the first phone in the Oval Office.) The White House phone number in 1877 was "1."

...in 1841, racing pioneer James Gordon Bennett Jr. (publisher of the New York Herald) sponsored the Gordon Bennett Cup Races in France that were run between 1900 and 1905. He laid down a set of rules that included weight restrictions and the rule than a car had to have all of its parts manufactured in its country of origin. In order to tell one racing team from another, he established a color scheme that is still pretty much intact. Italian cars were red, French were blue, German silver, American white and blue and British cars were painted British Racing Green. (To this day, Ferrari is still red, Porsche is silver and Jaguar, until recently, remained green. In some circles, green is considered an unlucky color for a race car, even though Jackie Stewart won the 1965 Indy 500 in a Ford Lotus that was British Racing Green.) By 1905, crowds were impossible to control and too many accidents that involved spectators caused France to outlaw road races. William K. Vanderbilt took up the mantle and sponsored the Vanderbilt Cup races in the United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/19/Gordon_Bennett_1904.jpg/205px-Gordon_Bennett_1904.jpg
Léon Théry of France, winner of the
Gordon Bennett Cup in 1904 and 1905.

...in 1940, Britain's First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill, was asked to replace Neville Chamberlain as Prime Minister after he lost a vote of confidence in the House of Commons. Chamberlain had tried talking and appeasing and in 1938, he signed the Munich Pact with Adolph Hitler. In the pact, Germany received Czechoslovakia in exchange for, as Chamberlain said, "...peace in our time." Of course, Hitler had no plans to keep the peace and in 1939, Germany took over Poland in a Blitzkrieg. Chamberlain was devastated and declared war on Germany, but he was ill-suited to being a war-time leader. When British troops were unable to keep Germany out of Norway, Chamberlain lost the support of the Conservative party. On May 10, Hitler overran Holland and Belgium and invaded Luxembourg and France. Chamberlain lost all support in the House. Churchill was well known for his military background and his leadership ability. He built a coalition of support between both parties and quickly won the hearts of Britons. His first speech to the House of Commons was on May 13 when he said, "You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word: It is victory, victory at all costs, victory in spite of all terror, victory, however long and hard the road may be; for without victory, there is no survival." In the same speech, he added the oft-quoted phrase, "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat."

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/0000308149-88536L.jpg

...in 1871, the Treaty of Frankfurt am Main was signed, ending the Franco-Prussian War. The war resulted in the joining of several Germanic states into a united Germany and the humiliating defeat of Louis Napoleon III's French Empire. The main result of the conflict was the sewing of seeds that would cause World War I in 1914. Prince Otto von Bismarck of Prussia desired to unite the several independent Germanic states into one nation, led by Prussia, led by the royal Hohenzollern family. The throne of Spain had been vacant after a revolution in 1868 and Bismarck engineered placing Prince Leopold of the Hohenzollern family on the throne. The concept of a Prussian ruler over Spain was an anathema to Louis Napoleon. He blocked the proposal and demanded that the Prussian king, Wilhelm I apologize to Europe. Of course, he refused, and the publication of Napoleon's demands precipitated war between the nations. The German states united behind Leopold and crushed the inferior French forces, even capturing Napoleon. The German state was created with the crowning of Wilhelm I as the Kaiser ("leader") of the new Germany with Bismarck as the first chancellor. The ceremony took place in the Hall of Mirrors at France's Versailles palace. As part of the Treaty of Frankfort, Germany annexed the French provinces of Alsace and Lorraine, setting the intense enmity between the two nations that would explode into the World War in 1914. In fact, in 1897, Bismarck accurately predicted almost to the day, "Jena came twenty years after the death of Frederick the Great; the crash will come twenty years after my departure if things go on like this." He also accurately predicted, as reported by Winston Churchill, that "One day the great European War will come out of some damned foolish thing in the Balkans." In 1914, just as Bismarck had predicted, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, were shot dead in Sarajevo and the World War began one month later.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Otto_von_Bismarck.JPG/180px-Otto_von_Bismarck.JPG
Otto von Bismarck in 1873.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 36 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1934, a massive wind storm blew across the United States and carried millions of tons of topsoil with it to the east coast. The Great Plains were parched from a great drought and much of that soil made it to Boston, New York and Atlanta. When the Great Plains were settled in the latter half of the 19th Century, it was covered with prairie grass that held moisture and a root structure that locked soil in place, even in the driest of times. By the time of the great World War, there was much need for wheat in Europe so the little bit of prairie grass that was left got plowed under to grow wheat. The introduction of the modern tractor made the job easier and by 1930, wheat production increased by 300% and created a glut in the market. In 1931, a great drought spread across the country. Crops died and winds began to carry topsoil away in increasingly powerful storms, leading up to the one on this date in 1934. Over two days, an estimated 350 million tons of soil was swept away, even ships in the Atlantic reported dust collection on deck. Thousands of families migrated to California where they were derisively called "Oakies," no matter where they were from. At the height of the Great Depression, there wasn't much for Oakies in California, either. The Great Plains became known as the Dust Bowl, a phrase coined by reporter Robert Geiger. The FDR administration began enforcing farming methods but nothing helped until rain broght the end of the drought in 1939.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/1934-SouthDakotaBlackBlizzard.jpg
South Dakota "Black Blizzard" in 1934

...in 1916, Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company (DELCO) was purchased by United Motors. DELCO had been founded by Charles Kettering and Edward Deeds after both left the National Cash Register Corporation (NCR) in Dayton, Ohio. Kettering had invented the electric motor that made the electric cash register possible. Kettering also developed the self-starter for Billy Durant's Cadillac Corporation. Of course, Delco would sell starters to anyone. Meanwhile, Billy Durant had formed General Motors in 1908 but was forced out in 1910. He responded by starting the Chevrolet Motor Company with race driver, Louis Chevrolet. Later, he founded United Motors comprised of five companies, Hyatt Roller Bearing Company, New Departure Mfg. Co., Remy Electric Co, and Dayton Engineering. Durant appointed Alfred Sloan to head the holding company. In 1916, Durant retook control of General Motors and in 1918, brought United Motors into GM to build components for GM cars. (Durant would be forced out of GM for good in 1920 and Alfred Sloan took the helm. He made GM into the model of the modern corporation.) The United Motors Service Company was created to sell the products made by the five companies that comprised United Motors. United Motors was also a part of GM until 1971 when it was renamed United Delco Division. In 1974 it was absorbed into the AC-Delco Division and the United Motors name slid into history.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/imagesHuskySignpast0083LG.jpg
The United Motors Service logo appeared on
the packaging of UMS products. One can still find
NOS (New Old Stock) parts at swap meets, still in
the orange boxes.

...in 1927, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was founded at the Biltmore Hotel in Hollywood. Douglas Fairbanks was the first president. The first Awards of Merit were presented on May 16, 1929, honoring achievements between August 1, 1927 and July 31, 1928.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Douglas_Fairbanks_signed_1921_photo.jpg/200px-Douglas_Fairbanks_signed_1921_photo.jpg
Douglas Fairbanks (1883-1939)
First President of the Academy of
Motion Picture Arts & Sciences.

...in 1988, a special concert was held at Carnegie Hall to celebrate the 100th birthday of one of America's most beloved, and prolific, songwriters. Israel Isidore Baline was born in Siberia in 1888, one of eight children born to a cantor. The family came to America in 1893 but his father died in 1896. Israel was forced to go to work and on the streets, he sold newspapers and tried his hand at busking. He became a singing waiter in Chinatown at Pelham's Cafe. The owner asked him to write a song for the cafe because a rival restaurant had one written for them. He wrote a song called Marie from Sunny Italy for which he was paid 37¢ and a misspelled name, "I. Berlin" on the sheet music. The name "Irving Berlin" stuck, and Marie from Sunny Italy became the first of over 1,500 songs that he wrote. When asked where Irving Berlin stood in American music, Jerome Kern (himself an icon of American music) said, "Irving Berlin has no place in American music. Irving Berlin IS American music." Amazingly enough, Berlin did not play an instrument, in fact, he could not read or write music and all his compositions were transcribed by musical secretaries. He did not attend his 100th birthday party, but he did watch on television to see Frank Sinatra, Willie Nelson and many others perform his beloved songs, such as Puttin' on the Ritz, Top Hat, Cheek to Cheek, Always, There's No Business Like Show Business and the stirring God Bless America. The record that sold more copies than any other song ever recorded was written by Berlin for the 1942 Bing Crosby film, Holiday Inn and was entitled, White Christmas. Irving Berlin died in New York in 1989 at the age of 101.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Oh_How_I_Hate_to_Get_up_in_the_Morning_1c.jpg/215px-Oh_How_I_Hate_to_Get_up_in_the_Morning_1c.jpg
Berlin wrote this popular piece for a soldier review called
Yip, Yip, Yaphank which was made into a film during WWII.
Berlin sang the song himself in the film that was called
This Is The Army. See it here, on You Tube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71smG5d29to).

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 71 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1903, President Theodore Roosevelt visited San Francisco, accompanied by members the Ninth Cavalry Regiment, an all-black company of horse soldiers. The parade was captured on movie film, making President Roosevelt the first president to be recorded at an official event. The short amount of film is available here, on You Tube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-fk67E9kPA&feature=PlayList&p=8EDBF3BE0220DBEB&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=26).

http://rs6.loc.gov/image/papr/3a19516.gif
The route was reviewed prior to the parade. The parade
film can be seen by following the link above.

...in 1957, A.J. Foyt won his first major race, a midget car race in Kansas City, Missouri. He would go on to win four Indianapolis 500 races in front of track owner, Tony Hullman, and he took Hullman on his victory lap after his fourth win in 1977. After his first Indy win, in 1961, Foyt sneaked out of the celebration to get a burger. "Hell, I was hungry!" he later said. "I just went over to White Castle." He went on to win the Indy in 1864, 1967 and 1977. Foyt is the only man to win the Indy, the Daytona 500, the 24 Hours of Daytona and the International Race of Champions (IROC) in 1976 and 1977. He now resides in his native Houston, where A.J. Foyt Enterprises dabbles in racing (IRL, CART and NASCAR) car dealerships, funeral services, oil investments and thoroughbred horse racing.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/1961AJFoytvictorycircle61-1116.jpg
A.J. Foyt in Victory Circle at the Indy 500
in 1961. He would go on to win Indy four times.

...in 1932, the body of Charles Lindbergh, Jr. was found less than a mile from his home and more than two months after he had been kidnapped from the Lindbergh home in Hopewell, New Jersey. He was kidnapped on March 1, 1932 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index273.html#post623947). The toddler was put to bed about 7 PM by Mrs. Lindbergh and the nanny, Betty Gow. Ms. Gow stayed with the baby until he was asleep, then went to check on him about 10. He was missing. A homemade ladder was found below the window, it was the perfect length to reach the window. A ransom note arrived, handwritten, fraught with mistakes. It demanded $50,000.00. Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf, superintendent of the New Jersey State Police was one of the authorities on the scene. (Yes, his name does sound familiar and yes, it's his father.) Lindbergh paid the ransom but the body of the "Little Eaglet" was found less than five miles from his home. Congress rushed a bill making kidnapping a federal offense. Authorities arrested a man named Bruno Hauptman, who was tried and convicted on flimsy evidence, but that wasn't the end of it. To this day, the Lindbergh kidnapping is still a topic of discussions and conspiracy theorists. It was also the inspiration for Agatha Christie's Murder on the Orient Express. The Lindberghs donated their home to charity and moved away.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Lindbergh_baby_poster.jpg

...in 1970, Ernie Banks hit his 500th home run for the Chicago Cubs. The Cubs, otherwise known as the real-life Bad News Bears, were charter members of the National League in 1876, as the Chicago White Stockings. Their first game was a win, behind the shutout pitching of Arthur Goodwin Spalding, who would go on to start a sporting goods company of some fame. Spalding led them to the NL Pennant that year. The team became known as the Cubs in 1902 because of a plethora of great young talent. They won the pennant in 1906 but lost the World Series to....the Chicago White Sox. They did win the series in 1908 but that was about it. The Cubs posted a losing record every year between 1946 and 1953 when Ernie Banks joined the team as their great shortstop. The two-time MVP finished his 17 year career with 512 homers and he was elected to the Hall of Fame in 1977. Despite his sparkling career, "Mr. Cub" never got a chance to play in the post season.

http://www.allposters.com/IMAGES/PHO/AAGN200.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 57 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 2003, in an attempt to deter counterfeiting, the US Treasury Department unveiled a redesigned and colorized $20 bill, the first appearance redesigned of US paper currency. For many years, the $10 bill was referred to as a "sawbuck" because the Roman numeral for ten, X, resembled a sawbuck. The $20 bill became known as a "double sawbuck" because it was the equivalent of two sawbucks. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing reports that a bill lasts about two years before needing to be replaced.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/US_%2420_Series_2006_Obverse.jpg/300px-US_%2420_Series_2006_Obverse.jpg
Obverse of the US $20 bill (in case you don't
see them too often, either.)

...in 1981, Pope John Paul II was shot. A Turkish terrorist, Mehmet Ali Agca was an escaped fugitive who fired several shots into the crowd. He claimed he was on his way to England to shoot the king, but when he found out there was only a queen. "Turks don't shoot women," he said. He said he had Palestinian connections but the PLO quickly disavowed any knowledge of him. Conspiracy theories abound but nothing has ever been proven, although several theorists claim the conspiracy goes back to the Soviet Union. Agca was tried and convicted in 1981 and sentenced to life, however, he was pardoned by President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi in 2000, at the Pope's request.

...in 1846, President James K. Polk declared war with Mexico over the annexation of Texas. The war raged for two years and when the smoke cleared, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago ended the war with Mexico ceding Texas, California and New Mexico. The US paid Mexico $15 million and settled all claims of Americans against Mexico.

...in 1607, the Virginia colony of Jamestown was settled on the James River in Virginia. After arriving on three ships, the Susan Constant, Godspeed and Discovery the colonists chose Edward Wingfield as the first president of the council. Within two weeks, the colony came under Algonquin attack. The attackers were repulsed, but in December, three colonists were captured by the Algonquin, one of them was John Smith. According to the legend, the daughter of Chief Powhattan intervened and saved the life of John Smith, although the other two members of the away team were killed. Although many colonists succumbed to starvation, desease or Indian attack, the London Company kept sending supplies and more colonists. In 1612, John Rolfe planted tobacco and created a cash crop for the success of the colony. Rolfe married Pocahontas (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index274.html#post637161), which provided an uneasy peace. Pocahontas died in England, probably of smallpox, and Chief Powhatan died in 1618. His replacement, Chief Opechancanough, immediately resumed hostilities and an attack in 1622 almost wiped out the colony. There was no more real fighting until 1644 when Chief Opechancanough led his last attack. He was captured and executed, and in 1646, the Algonquin agreed to peace terms.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Jamestown-Virginia-settlement-ships-NOAA.jpg/350px-Jamestown-Virginia-settlement-ships-NOAA.jpg
Replicas of the Susan Constant, Godspeed
and Discovery reside at the historic colony site.

...in 1973, the first Battle of the Sexes occurred when tennis stars, Bobby Riggs and Margaret Court met. Riggs was 55 years old at the time, a past tennis champion from the 1930s and 1940s with an outspoken disdain for the talent of female athletes, especially tennis players. The match, scheduled for Mothers' Day, was a $10,000.00 winner-take-all tournament. Margaret Court was an Australian tennis star who had won 89 of her last 92 matches amd the year's leading money winner on the tour. Riggs had challenged Billie Jean King for the match, calling her the "biggest women's libber on the tour" but King ignored him. Riggs used a strategy designed to rattle Court, which it did, and she lost the match to him. He immediately challenged Billie Jean King again. This time, she accepted and it was billed as "The Lobber vs. The Libber." The match was held on September 20 in the Houston Astrodome. King won. Riggs died in 1995 at the age of 77. Despite all the bluster and harsh words spoken, King said the match probably accidentally helped advance the cause of sexual equality.

http://media-2.web.britannica.com//eb-media/39/12639-004-B179444E.jpg http://i.a.cnn.net/si/2006/writers/dr_z/08/30/riggs.king/p1_riggs_cover.jpg
Margaret Court was the dominant player
on the women's tour with 66 Grand Slam
championships. Despite losing her match
with Bobby Riggs, she is best remembered
for winning the Grand Slam of women's tennis in
1970: Wimbleton, U.S. Open, French Open and
Australian Open, all in the same year.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 28 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1804, the Louis and Clark expedition left St. Louis on their monumental tour of the Louisiana Purchase. The "Corps of Discovery" consisted of 45 men (only 33 would make the entire journey) and floated up the Missouri River into the Dakotas. French-Canadian Toussaint Charbonneau, accompanied by his wife, Sacagawea, joined the expedition as interpreters. (Sacagawea was pregnant at the time she joined the group with her huband and his first wife, Otter Woman. Sacagawea's tribe, the Shoshones, sold the expedition horses to continue their western exploration. On November 8, 1805, the explorers set eyes upon the Pacific Ocean, the first Europeans to do by the overland route. They wintered there. Sacagwea gave birth to Jean Baptiste Charbonneau on February 11. The group began their return journey in the spring of 1806. The group returned to St. Louis on September 23, 1806 with lots of exploration data, claims to the Oregon territory, and one more (little) explorer than they left with.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8e/SacDollar.jpeg/150px-SacDollar.jpeghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/United_States_one_dollar_coin%2C_reverse.jpg/150px-United_States_one_dollar_coin%2C_reverse.jpg
The obverse and reverse sides of the Sacagawea dollar. The truth is, no one
really knows what she looked like, and great controversy rages over the correct
spelling of her name. None the less, she was a hero in the Corps of Discovery and
earned a place of respect in the history of the United States.

...in 1973 (speaking of explorers) America's first space station was launched into earth orbit. Skylab was the culmination of a dream for a manned space station that went all the way back to the late 1940s when plans began to be laid for a space station and laboratory. By the time Skylab was launched, the Soviet Union had already launched Salynut (which always looked to me like "salty nuts") two years earlier. However, Salynut was plagued with lots of problems while Skylab was a huge success. Skylab was built from a spent Saturn V rocket stage, 118 feet tall and it weighed 77 tons. Crews reached Skylab, and returned to earth, in Apollo space capsules. Crews spent over 700 hours on board Skylab, taking more than 175,000 photographs, mostly of the sun. In 1979, the orbit began to decay rapidly and Skylab plummeted to earth. The parts of Skylab that did not burn up on re-entry landed in Australia or in the Indian Ocean.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Skylab_launch_on_Saturn_V.jpg/180px-Skylab_launch_on_Saturn_V.jpg
Skylab was launched with a
specially modified Saturn V
moon rocket.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Skylab_and_Earth_Limb_-_GPN-2000-001055.jpg/180px-Skylab_and_Earth_Limb_-_GPN-2000-001055.jpg
Skylab in orbit

...in 1787, the Constitutional Convention convened in Philadelphia. Their task was to overthrow the American government. After the American victory in the Revolutionary War, a new government was outlined by a document called the Articles of Confederation. Short story: They didn't work. A new constitution was designed and written, The result was the Constitution of the United States along with 10 amendments that are known as the Bill of Rights.

http://www.constitution.org/cons/con1a.jpg
We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union,
establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense,
promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves
and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 64 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).


On this date in History...

...in 2009, Frank Birgfeld asked for the case of his missing daughter, Paige Birgfeld, to be transferred from the Mesa County Sheriff's office to the Colorado Bureau of Investigation. Mr. Birgfeld also asked what happened to the "thousands of dollars" in cash, as reported by CBS News 48 Hours Mystery, that was allegedly found in Paige's home. KJCT News (http://www.kjct8.com/Global/story.asp?S=10363617) and The Denver Post (http://www.denverpost.com/breakingnews/ci_12371756) reported on the stories. The case was not transferred to the CBI and none of the questions, raised by Paige's father, have ever been answered.

...in 1963, Gordon Cooper was launched into space aboard the Faith 7 on what would be the last flight of Project Mercury. "Gordo" was in space for 22 orbits and over 34 hours. It was the longest time an American spent in space up to that time. The Mercury flights were designed to be automated, making the astronauts little more than passengers. Chuck Yaeger called the Mercury astronauts "Spam in a can" but Faith 7 developed a problem. Cooper took control of the capsule and used his piloting experience to find his location via the stars. The calculations to fire retro rockets was critical, too soon and the capsule would burn up in the atmosphere, too late and the capsule would bounce off the atmosphere and cascade into outer space. Using his watch and lines he scratched in the porthole, Cooper fired the rockets and splashed down less than four miles from the recovery aircraft carrier, the most accurate landing of Project Mercury. He would later set another time record, spending enough time in orbit during Gemini 5, orbiting for 8 days, proving that astronauts could spend enough time in space to journey to the moon and back. Cooper developed Parkinson's disease and died of heart failure on October 4, 2004 at the age of 77. It was, ironically, the 47th anniversary of the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik 1 in 1957, that also launched the space race that made Cooper into one of the original Mercury astronauts.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Gordon_Cooper_Jr._-_cropped.jpg/200px-Gordon_Cooper_Jr._-_cropped.jpg
Leroy Gordon Cooper (1927-2004)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Mercury_Atlas_9.jpg/150px-Mercury_Atlas_9.jpg
Pre-Launch preparations of the
Mercury-Atlas 9 of Gordon Cooper.

...in 1981, the 20 millionth Volkswagon Beetle was produced at the VW plant in Puebla, Mexico, a city about 50 miles south of Mexico City. While the vehicle was no longer sold in the United States, it was still popular in Latin America. (By comparison, Ford built 15 million Model T Fords between 1908 and 1927, the most popular car in history, at least, until the Volkswagon. 21,529,464 were built between 1938 and 2003.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Volkswagen_Sed%C3%A1n_1995.jpg/180px-Volkswagen_Sed%C3%A1n_1995.jpg
A 1996 Mexican Beetle

...in 1970, Karen and Richard Carpenter, the popular brother-sister duo, released their second album Close to You that included a hit single of the same name. It was an overnight success and made stars of the Carpenters, as they were known, and they would go on to sell 10 gold records and have 12 Top-10 hits in the 1970s. We've Only Just Begun reached #2 on the Billboard charts but Richard Carpenter considers it their signature piece. (It was heard at just about every wedding that took place in the 70s and 80s.) Karen Carpenter tragically died of heart failure on February 4, 1983, at the age of 32. Her heart was overworked due to her anorexia nervosa. Richard continues to produce music and as an antique auto enthusiast, he owns an automobile museum in California. (One of the musicians who played with the Carpenters is Cubby O'Brien, who is best known for being a Mouseketeer during the mid-1950s Mickey Mouse Club program. Karen Carpenter played drums in the recording sessions but Cubby played drums for live performances, allowing Karen to sing out front.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Carpenters_-_Nixon_-_Office.png/220px-Carpenters_-_Nixon_-_Office.png
Karen and Richard Carpenter at
the Nixon White House, August 1, 1972.

...in 1942, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed the bill that created the Women's Auxiliary Army Corps (WAACs) granting women official military status. Representative Edith Nourse Rogers of Massachusetts introduced the bill in 1941, allowing women to serve the army in non-combat positions. (The bill was introduced prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor and it languished in the House until the attack, when it picked up some steam.) In July 1942, the "Auxiliary" term was dropped and the WACs received full military recognition and status. Women filled rolls like clerk, radio operator, electricians, air traffic controllers and some were even pilots, ferrying aircraft from factory to military bases. More than 150,000 women served in the army during WWII in many positions. In 1978, the military was officially integrated and the "Auxiliary" would fade into history.

http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/wac/p9.gif

http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/wac/p10.gif

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 48 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1943, the British launched an attack against three major German dams that provided water and hydroelectric power. Called the "Dambusters," the bombers carried a specially designed, drum shaped bomb. A special mechanism began to spin the bomb on the aircraft before being dropped. The spin was reverse of the forward motion, the backspin causing the bombs to bounce on the water, much as a golf ball bounces on a green and the back spin causes the ball to stop. The spinning bomb would bounce over anti-torpedo netting and strike the dam, the backspin causing the bomb to submerge itself and roll down the surface of the dam. When it reached a certain depth, the bomb would explode and breach the dam.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Duxford_UK_Feb2005_bouncingbomb.JPG/180px-Duxford_UK_Feb2005_bouncingbomb.JPG
An original "Upkeep" (code name) bouncing bomb.

The dambuster bombs were delivered by a specially designated squadron led by Commander Guy Gibson. Of the three targets, two dams were breached and the third, an earthen dam, was not. The result of the raids was actually of little consequence to the Germans, as water services and electrical power were restored very quickly. The raids did provide a boost of morale for the British.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Mohne_Dam_Breached.jpg/300px-Mohne_Dam_Breached.jpg
The backspin on the bombs caused them to skip over the torpedo nets
that protected the dam, then hit the dam, settle to the bottom and
explode. The plan was that "Busting" the dam would cause a loss of hydroelectric power, severely
impact water supplies and potentially destroy everything in the wake of the
rushing water. This is what the Mohne Dam looked like after the raid.

...in 1929, the first Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences Awards were presented at the Roosevelt Hotel in Hollywood. The Best Picture award went to Wings starring Clara Bow and Gary Cooper. The Best Actor award went to Emil Jennings for The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/RooseveltHotel03.jpg/250px-RooseveltHotel03.jpg
The Roosevelt Hotel was built in 1927 and
was the location of the first Academy Award
presentation in 1929. The hotel was built by a
consortium that included Douglas Fairbanks, Mary
Pickford and Louis B. Mayer. Fairbanks also
just happened to be the first president of the
Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences.

...in 1770, in the palace at Versailles, the French dauphin, Louis, married Marie Antoinette, the daughter of Austrian Asrchduchess Maria Teresa and Holy Roman Emporer Francis I. The idea was that France and Austria might become closer, as they had been enemies for as long as anyone could remember. In 1774, Louis' grandfather and King of France, Louis XV, died making him King Louis XVI. From the onset, it was obvious that Louis XVI was not equipped to be the king and to solve the financial mess that his grandfather left behind. Marie was not at all interested in France but was more interested in her own extravagant lifestyle. Legend has it that when told the impoverished peasants did not have bread, she replied, "Then let them eat cake." When the French revolution began in 1789, constitutional monarchists wanted to reform the monarchy to save it and retain it as part of the government. Louis and Marie resisted the reform but the revolutionaries were so fierce that the two attempted to escape to Austria. They were captured by revolutionaries and returned to Paris. Louis' intrigues with other European powers, especially arch-enemy Austria, resulted in charges of treason, of which he was found guilty and beheaded by means of Madam Guillotine. Nine months later, Marie Antoinette was also shortened a little bit.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/LouisXVI-France1.jpg/200px-LouisXVI-France1.jpg
Louisville, Kentucky is named for Louis XVI. Louis was
aiding the American Revolution so the Virginia General Assembly
bestowed the honor of the kind, who saw the king as an
admirable man. Kentucky was part of Virginia Territory in 1780.

...in 1943, the Warsaw Ghetto revolt came to an end when Nazi soldiers blew up the last synagogue and began deporting the survivors to the Treblinka extermination camp. After the invasion of Poland, the Nazis built a ghetto, enclosed by barbed wire, to inter Polish Jews. The 840 acre ghetto was populated by a half a million Jews. Beginning in July 1942, six thousand Jews per day were taken from the ghetto and transferred to Treblinka. The Nazis told those left behind that their relatives were being taken to work camps but the word quickly spread about the real purpose of Treblinka. A resistance group was established and managed to acquire arms. On January 18, 1943, Nazi forces that entered the ghetto met with an ambush and many Germans were killed before the rest were able to withdraw. In revenge, the Nazis swarmed the ghetto, mowing down Jews and systematically blowing up buildings. When it was over, the rest of the survivors were sent to Treblinka. 300 Germans died, compared to thousands of Jews who died in the uprising or in Treblinka.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Stroop_Report_-_Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising_06.jpg/800px-Stroop_Report_-_Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising_06.jpg
Nazi soldiers round up Warsaw Ghetto surviors in what is probably the most famous photograph of
the Holocaust. The boy in the center is thought to be Tsvi Nussbaum who survived the Holocaust and
became a doctor in America. In an interview, he said, "I feel a tremendous guilt Why did I survive?"

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Warsaw_Ghetto_destroyed_by_Germans%2C_1945.jpg/600px-Warsaw_Ghetto_destroyed_by_Germans%2C_1945.jpg
The remains of the Warsaw Ghetto after Adolph Hitler ordered its destruction.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments. The CBS affiliate in Denver (http://cbs4denver.com/local/birgfeld.paige.grand.2.1011527.html) picked up the "Missing Money" story from the AP but there is nothing new in it.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 30 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1943, the crew of the B-17 Flying Fortress named the Memphis Belle became the first American crew to complete 25 missions. The final mission of the Memphis Belle was a bombing run over Lorient, location of a Nazi submarine pen. A film crew flew with the Memphis Belle on several missions, as they were shooting a documentary about the plane. The documentary included some now famous and dramatic footage, including a B-17 plummeting to earth with the crew bailing out, one at a time. It also included a B-17 landing with no tail. (It implied that the tail had been shot off by enemy fire but the damage came in a mid-air collision with another B-17.) The documentary, The Memphis Belle: A Story of a Flying Fortress (seldom seen today) was directed by Lieutenant Colonel William Wyler. In civilian life, Wyler directed a number of Academy Award motion pictures, including Mrs. Miniver, Roman Holiday and Ben-Hur. You can actually watch the film online (http://www.ww2incolor.com/gallery/movies/memphis_belle_movie) on a site called World War II In Color. The original Memphis Belle was rescued from the scrapper by the mayor of Memphis. It went on display in Memphis, outdoors, and by the mid 1980s, it had suffered at the hands of weather and vandals. It was returned to the Air Force and is now undergoing full restoration at the Air Force Museum at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio. Another, privately owned, B-17 is painted with the Memphis Belle's scheme and was used in the making of a fictionalized 1990 film, The Memphis Belle.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Memphis_Belle.jpg/250px-Memphis_Belle.jpg
The Memphis Belle over England in 1943.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Memphisbellenose.jpg/180px-Memphisbellenose.jpg
This privately owned B-17 starred in the 1990 fictionalized
story of the Memphis Belle. It makes the rounds of air
shows and remains very popular.

...in 1974, the Los Angeles Police Department staged a raid on a home in Compton, a known location of the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA.) The SLA was a violent, radical group that had much more publicity than influence. It was actually a handful of disaffected youth of the middle class. They rose to prominence by murdering Oakland, California Superintendent of Schools Marcus Foster, in November 1973, because he wanted to institute ID cards in the schools. The SLA really made a splash in the national news when they kidnapped Patty Hearst, heiress to the Hearst Publishing fortune. Hearst later showed up at an SLA bank robbery, wearing fatigues and brandishing a sub machine gun. On May 17, the LAPD fired 1,200 rounds into the house as SLA members shot back. (Patty Hearst was not in the house at the time.) Randolph Hearst, Patty's father, said the attack made "...dingbats into martyrs." Patty Hearst was later arrested and claimed she had been coerced into joining the SLA through repeated rapes and brainwashing. Prosecutors believe that she orchestrated the entire kidnapping episode but with no substantial proof. She was still convicted of participating the crimes and served two years when President Carter commuted her sentence. President Clinton pardoned her in 2001, in a wave of pardons he issued just before he left office.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Symbionese_Liberation_Army_Naga_Symbol.jpg/200px-Symbionese_Liberation_Army_Naga_Symbol.jpg
The seven-headed cobra symbol of
the SLA. Donald DeFreeze, aka
Field Marshall Cinque died in the police
shoot-out on May 17, 1975.

...in 1875, the first Kentucky Derby was run at Churchill Downs, near Louisville, Kentucky. Churchill Downs was named for relatives of Meriwether Clark Lewis, Jr. (of Lewis & Clark fame) John and Henry Churchill, who donated the land for the track. The tradition of draping the winner with a blanket of roses did not begin until 1896. The first race was won by jockey Oliver Lewis, riding a colt named Aristides.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Churchill_Downs_1901.jpg/280px-Churchill_Downs_1901.jpg
Churchill Downs in 1901.

...in 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down a decision in the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, ruling that segregation of public education facilities is unconstitutional. The ruling overturned an 1896 Supreme Court ruling in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson that called for "separate but equal" accommodations in railroad cars. The decision was used as the basis of institutionalized segregation until Linda Brown was not allowed to attend her local elementary school in Topeka, KS. Her case was brought by future Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall. Chief Justice Earl Warren wrote that "separate but equal" was unconstitutional, especially in education, because it stamped a badge of inferiority on African American students. The ruling motivated the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s.

http://www.pbs.org/kcet/publicschool/images/inn_brown.jpg
Linda Brown and her family.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 67 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1940, Winston Churchill addressed the House of Commons again about the task facing Great Britain, that of defeating Adolph Hitler and the German Wermacht.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Churchill_portrait_NYP_45063.jpg/250px-Churchill_portrait_NYP_45063.jpg
"Hitler knows that he will have to break
us in this Island or lose the war. If we
can stand up to him, all Europe may be
free and the life of the world may move
forward into broad, sunlit uplands. But if we
fail, then the whole world, including the
United States, including all that we have
known and cared for, will sink into the
abyss of a new Dark Age made more sinister,
and perhaps more protracted, by the lights of
perverted science. Let us therefore brace
ourselves to our duties, and so bear ourselves
that, if the British Empire and its Commonwealth
last for a thousand years, men will still say,
'This was their finest hour.'"
--Winston Churchill, May 18, 1940

You can hear the conclusion of this, one of the greatest speeches of the 20th Century, here on YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsKDGM5KTBY).

...in 1980, Mount St. Helens exploded in southwestern Oregon. The eruption killed 57 people and destroyed 210 square miles of wilderness surrounding the volcano. A part of the Pacific "Ring of Fire" that includes 160 volcanos, the previous volcanic activity was between 1831 and 1857. Small earth tremors began on March 20, 1980 followed by venting of steam and ash. Finally, on May 18, Mount St. Helens exploded in a violent eruption that sent a plume of ash and smoke moe than 12 miles into the atmosphere. Flowing lava flooded Spirit Lake and buried the Toutle River for a distance of 13 miles downstream. The 9,680 foot peak lost 1,700 feet in height as the top of the mountain slid down with the lava flow. Small eruptions continue to occur and a new crown is building slowly. Mount St. Helens is a protected research site.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/MSH80_eruption_mount_st_helens_05-18-80.jpg/180px-MSH80_eruption_mount_st_helens_05-18-80.jpg
Mount St. Helens erupted on May 18, 1980
at 8:32 AM PDT,

...in 1896, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a Louisiana law that called for "separate but equal" accommodations for blacks and whites on railroad cars was constitutional, ruling that segregation was not discriminatory and did not deprive African Americans of equal protection under the 14th Amendment. The Plessy v. Ferguson ruling eventually was extended to include institutional segregation in restaurants, hospitals and schools. African Americans suffered through decades of discrimination due to the ruling. As we learned yesterday, it was finally struck down in 1954 when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled on Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Segregation_1938b.jpg/180px-Segregation_1938b.jpg
A young man uses a designated drinking
fountain on the lawn of the county courthouse
in Halifax, North Carolina in 1938.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/WhiteTradeOnlyLancasterOhio.jpg/250px-WhiteTradeOnlyLancasterOhio.jpg
It wasn't just in the south. This sign was in a
Lancaster, Ohio restaurant in 1938.

...in 1860, Abraham Lincoln was nominated as the Presidential Candidate for the fledgling Republican Party. In 1858, Lincoln faced Stephan Douglas in a race for one of the Illinois Senate seats. It was a heated campaign, featuring a series of debates between the candidates that became known as the Lincoln-Douglas Debates. Lincoln argued against the spread of slavery while Douglas campaigned that each state had the right to decide whether to be slave or free. Lincoln lost the election to Douglas and in 1860, found himself pitted against Douglas again but this time, they were candidates for President of the United States. Douglas represented the north in a deeply divided Democrat Party. The southern Democrat candidtate was John C. Breckenridge and a fourth candidate, John Bell represented the Constitutional Union Party, confusing the election even more. Several southern states threatened to secede from the Union if Lincoln was nominated. They did not, but they did begin to secede after Lincoln won the election, even before he was inaugurated on March 4, 1861. Seven states seceded and formed the Confederate States of America. One month later, the Civil War began with the firing on Fort Sumter (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index275.html#post639520) in South Carolina.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.j pg/225px-Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.j pg
16th POTUS
Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865)

...in 1989, more than one million protesters marched through the streets of Beijing, China calling for a more democratic government. The series of protests began on April 14 and continued for seven weeks. The protests were brought about by the death of Hu Yaobang, a pro-market and pro-democracy member of the government. There was no one central theme for the protests except that protesters generally called for a less authoritarian government and economic changes. The protests lasted for about seven weeks until Tiananmen Square was cleared on June 4 by military action. (The figure of a lone Chinese man, standing in front of a line of tanks, became the iconic image of the protests.) The military began to enter Beijing to try to regain control of the city. Shots were fired and reporters identified several people killed but there are no official records that seem to match eyewitness reports. By the time the protests were over in June, several hundred, if not thousands, or protesters were killed or serioiusly wounded. Outrage around the world and economic sanctions against the Chinese government had little effect, as the official line of the Chinese government was that the protesters were "ruffians" and a "lawless element" of Chinese society.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8f/Tiananmen_Square_protests.jpg/140px-Tiananmen_Square_protests.jpg
A statue created by art students called the
Goddess of Democracy was erected in
Tiananmen Square near the end of the protests.
It became an international symbol of the
movement. Made of foam and paper mâché, it
stood for five days before being toppled by
tanks.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d8/Tianasquare.jpg/240px-Tianasquare.jpg
The "Tank Man" became the international icon
of the Tiananmen Square protests. His identity is
unknown as is his ultimate fate.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 64 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1967, the treaty banning nuclear weapons from outer space was ratified by the Soviet Union, putting the treaty into effect. The treaty, which is officially known as the "Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies" was already signed by the United States, Great Britain and several other nations. (North Korea signed the treaty on March 12, 2009.) The treaty also prohibits moon, planets or any other "celestial body" from being militarized. A Limited Test Ban treaty was already in effect (signed in 1963) which eliminated under water and atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons, North Korea is not a part of that treaty.

...in 1991, Willy T. Ribbs became the first African American to qualify for the Indianapolis 500. He finished 32nd in the field of 33, completing only 5 laps before his day came to an end due to engine failure. Ribbs had done very well in Europe, winning the Formula Ford championship in his first year. He was also the leading money-winner in the Trans-Am circuit in the 1980s but American racing success eluded him. Trans-Am is a road-based racing circuit for pony cars as opposed to traditional American style racing of horsepower that features the oval "go like hell, turn left" style of racing that is far different from Trans-Am racing. Ribbs is convinced that there is racism in racing. He said in 1991, "Here we are, moving into a new millennium, and auto racing still looks like 1939 baseball." Ribbs' accomplishment is even more remarkable when you consider that Indy car racing is very expensive and only open to those with powerful sponsors. Although NASCAR is more accessible, there is a dearth of African American drivers in that circuit, too. Wendell Scott used second-hand equipment to get into NASCAR, the only African American to win a NACAR race. When he won a race in 1963, officials were afraid of a negative reaction from the crowd, and gave the trophy to another driver. It was presented to him after the crowd had left the track. (Scott's story inspired the movie Greased Lightning.) Opinions vary as to why there aren't many black drivers in racing, whether it is overt institutional racism or just more circumstances and economy. A NASCAR team owned by (retired) NBA star, Julius Erving and (retired) NFL star, Joe Washington cannot even guarantee an African American driver will get a ride. A team representative explained, "To get into a Winston Cup car is dangerous. I wouldn't want to race against Dale Earnhardt or Jeff Gordon without experience. That's suicide. I wouldn't want that on my conscience, somebody getting out there who wasn't ready." Perhaps the racing industry will be more open to minority participation in the future? Why not - baseball has come a long way since integration in 1947.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/WillyTRibbs1991.jpg/180px-WillyTRibbs1991.jpg
Willy T. Ribbs at Laguna Seca
in 1991.

...in 1935, living under an assumed name, and retired as an RAF mechanic, T.E. Lawrence passed away from injuries suffered in a motorcycle accident. He was trying to avoid hitting some boys who were riding bicycles on the wrong side of the road. In fact, the accident was re-enacted as the opening scene in the film that told his story: Lawrence of Arabia. Thomas Edward Lawrence was born in Tremadoc, Wales in 1888. His family moved to Oxford in 1896 where he studied architecture and archeaology, and made a trip to the Ottoman controlled areas of Syria and Palestine in 1909 as part of his studies. In 1911, he was able to participate in an expedition for a dig of a Hittite city on the Euphrates River. He worked the dig for three years, learning the Arabic language. In 1914, he was able to explore the Sinai, near the Ottoman area of Arabia and the British controlled Egypt. He and his associates made maps that proved invaluable to the British army during the World War. When war broke out between the British and Ottoman Turks, Lawrence enlisted and became an intelligence officer in Cairo because of his knowledge. He was later assigned to Prince Faisal as a liaison officer. Lawrence guided the Arabs on a successful campaign against the Turkish lines. He was extremely popular with the Beduins and became famous when Lowell Thomas made a documentary about his activities in the war. Lawrence envisioned a united Arabia after the World War, which never came to fruition. Back in England, Lawrence re-enlisted in the RAF as T.E. Shaw and worked as a mechanic. It was shortly after his retirement that he died in the motorcycle accident. (A neurosurgeon, Hugh Cairns tried to save Lawrence but was unable to do so. The head injuries sustained were similar to many motorcycle accident victims, and later, Sir Hugh Cairns called for the use of crash helmets by military and civilian riders. As a consequence of Lawrence's death, many motorcyclist's lives have been saved.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ljidda.jpg/180px-Ljidda.jpg
Lawrence of Arabia, ca. 1917. Yes, he
does look like Peter O'Toole, only a lot
shorter. O'Toole played Lawrence in David Lean's
1962 blockbuster film,Lawrence of Arabia.

...in 1943, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt plan for the cross-channel invasion of France, the second front of WWII that Joseph Stalin had been asking for since the beginning of the war. Churchill addressed a joint session of Congress and warned that dragging out the war might cause boredom and that the Americans would split, playing into the plans of the Axis. (Sound familiar? Osama bin Laden is waiting out that same boredom.) What would become known as D-Day would also be one of the great secrets kept during the war. The date was set for May 1, 1944, which would face delays due to weather. The plan was to invade France with 29 divisions, including the Free French if at all possible.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/NormandySupply_edit.jpg/782px-NormandySupply_edit.jpg
The invasion at Normandy was the largest amphibious landing in history. Many soldiers reported that
as far as they could see, everything was covered with ships, landing craft and soldiers. The barrage balloons
are tethered with heavy cable to discourage enemy aircraft attacks by ensnaring aircraft and causing them to
crash.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 42 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 2005, Mary Kay Letourneau, 43 years old and fresh out of prison, married 22 year old Vili Fualaau, the father of her two youngest children. Letourneau served a 7-1/2 year sentence for statutory rape because of her relationship with him. During the summer of 1996, the married, 34 year old Letourneau began a sexual relationship with Fualaau, her former sixth grade student, who was just 12 years old. The relationship was found out and in February 1997, Letourneau was arrested for rape. In May, she gave birth to the couple's first child. A judge showed her leniency and suspended her 89 month sentence to six months, she was ordered to attend a treatment program and to not have contact with Fualaau. After her release, she was found in a parked car with Fualaau along with a large amount of cash and baby clothes - it appeared they were about to flee the area. Her sentence was reinstated and Latourneau returned to jail. In October, she gave birth to their second daughter. Meanwhile, Fualaau and his mother, Soona, sued the school district for over $2 million, claiming the school did not protect the boy. A jury ruled against them. Latourneau was released from prison in August 2004. Since Fualaau had grown into an adult, the ban on contact was lifted and nine months later, they were married.

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_XHQDQKLYoN4/SZ4RKPwWsxI/AAAAAAAAAiY/Jak1J8vXelY/s320/Mary+Kay+Letourneau+and+Vili+Fualaau%5B2%5D.jpg


...in 1899, Jacob German, a driver of a cab for the Electric Vehicle Company in New York, was arrested for driving his cab at the breakneck speed of 12 miles per hour. He was booked and held in jail. Is it a surprise the first American arrested for speeding would be a New York hack?

...in 1873, Levi Strauss, acting on the request of a tailor from Reno, Nevada, secured a patent for canvas pants reinforced at stress points with copper rivets. Strauss was a Bavarian emmigre who was selling dry goods in the east. His brother in law encouraged him to travel to California to supply the gold rush miners. While in California, he was unable to sell a large supply of canvas, so he cut it up to make work pants. Miners had been complaining for years that conventional pants wore out too quickly and applauded Strauss for his invention. Jacob Davis, a tailor in Reno, wrote to Strauss and told him about reinforcing stress points in the canvas pants with copper rivets. He wanted to file a patent on the riveted pants concept, but he didn't have funds for a patent...well...Strauss applied for the patent and made Davis his production manager. Later, he converted the material to denim and the rest is history. Strauss never married, and with no progeny, he left his factory to his nephews upon his death in 1902.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Levi_Strauss.jpg/225px-Levi_Strauss.jpg
Levi Strauss (1829-1902) left
his factory and business to his
nephews, who rebuilt the factory
after the 1906 earthquake and fire.

...in 1927 at 7:52 AM, Charles Lindburgh took off from Roosevelt Field on Long Island, starting his attempt to make the first non-stop flight between New York and Paris. He flew a monoplane. the Ryan NYP (for "New York to Paris") that was based on an existing Ryan airplane, but with several of his own specifications. He named the aircraft The Spirit of St. Louis in honor of his sponsors, the St. Louis, Missouri Chamber of Commerce. Lindburgh recalled that his greatest challenge was staying awake. After 33-1/2 hours, Lindburgh landed at LeBourget Field in Paris. He was an instant celebrity and helped make commercial aviation a success.

http://www.census.gov/history/img/StLouis1920s.jpg
Lindburgh at Roosevelt Field before his flight.

Lindburgh flew the Spirit of St. Louis on a publicity tour in Europe until the US Navy arrived to ferry Lindburgh and his plane back home. Lindburgh flew the plane on tours until 1928. The last flight of The Spirit of St. Louis was to Washington, D.C. where Lindburgh turned it over to the Smithsonian Institution, where it is still on display. Several replicas of the The Spirit of St. Louis have been constructed, one for the 1938 Paramount film Men with Wings featuring Ray Milland. Three flight-worthy replicas were built for the 1957 Warner Bros. film The Spirit of St. Louis. All three survive, one is in the Missouri History Museum, one is in the Henry Ford Museum and the third is at the Cradle of Aviation Museum in Garden City, NY, not far from where the original took off for Paris. A static replica was built for studio shots by Warner Bros and that replica hangs in the Minneapolis-St. Paul airport. The Experimental Aircraft Association in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, built a replica from a similar Ryan aircraft in honor of the 50th anniversary of Lindburgh's flight. It is on display in Oshkosh, but the demand for the aircraft encouraged them to build another, from scratch, which is on the air show circuit. An airworthy replica was privately built in San Diego and has flown to several air shows. The builder assembled a static replica for display in the San Diego International Airport. Surprisingly, it took until 2002 for a static replica to be built for display at the Lambert International Airport in St. Louis. Two more are in Germany and one is in England. A privately owned replica crashed in England in 2003, killing its owner. There may be more that this reporter could not find.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cb/Spirit_of_St_Louis_at_EAA_Museum.JPG/180px-Spirit_of_St_Louis_at_EAA_Museum.JPG
The EAA in Oshkosh built this replica from
a Ryan Brougham-1 in 1977 for the 50th
anniversary of Linburgh's flight. It toured the
country until it was retired to this display.

http://www.thehenryford.org/exhibits/heroes/recordbreakers/images/spirit_sm.jpg
This replica is in The Henry Ford Museum in
Dearborn, Michigan. It is one of three that was
built by Warner Bros. for the 1957 film of the
same name. Jimmy Stewart purchased the plane
from Warner Bros.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 40 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1881, Clara Barton and Adolphus Solomons founded the American National Red Cross in Dansville, NY. Barton worked with the wounded during the Civil War, becoming known as the Angel of the Battlefield. With extensive records in hand, she was appointed by President Lincoln to search for lost POWs. Using a list of dead smuggled out of Andersonville by Dorence Atwater, and with his help, the two of them succeeded in indentifying thousands of Union dead at the Andersonville Prison. In 1870, she was in Europe and went behind German lines during the Franco-Prussian War (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-may-10-2009-a-52436/) while working for the International Red Cross. Back in the United States, she worked to charter the American Red Cross. It received a federal charter in 1900, while Clara Barton presided over the Red Cross until 1904, when she was 83. She died in 1912 while her organization lives on.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/WcbbustCBarton2.jpg/225px-WcbbustCBarton2.jpg
Clara Barton (1821 - 1912)
The Angel of the Battlefield

...in 1901, the first automobile speed limit was instituted. So, the next time you're pulled over for a speeding ticket, remember Representative Robert Woodruff of Connecticut, who proposed a bill that made the rural speed limit 12 mph and 8 mph in the city. (New Amsterdam, in 1652 before it was New York, instituted a speed limit for horses, carriages, sleighs, prohibiting the vehicles to be operated at "a gallop.")

...in 1927, Charles Lindburgh completed his cross-Atlantic flight by landing The Spirit of St. Louis at Le Bourget Field in Paris, the first non-stop solo flight across the Atlantic. His flight took 33-1/2 hours from Roosevelt Field in Long Island, New York. And exactly five years later...

...in 1932, Amelia Earhart completed a non-stop, solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean, the first woman to accomplish the feat. She took off from Harbour Grace, Newfoundland and landed in Ireland, 2,000 miles in 14 hours 56 minutes. Lindburgh was a virtual unknown when he made his flight but Earhart was already a media darling. In 1928, she was part of a crew that crossed the Atlantic, and although she was the navigator and never took the yoke, she was the first woman to cross the Atlantic non-stop as a part of that crew. In 1935, while attempting to fly around the world with co-pilot Frederick J. Noonan, her plane disappeared in the South Pacific on July 2, 1937.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/AE.jpg/140px-AE.jpg
Amelia Earhart, 1932

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lockheed_Vega_5b_Smithsonian.jpg/180px-Lockheed_Vega_5b_Smithsonian.jpg
Amelia Earhardt made her solo flight
across the Atlantic in this Lockheed Vega V-5,
now on display at the Smithsonian.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 63 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1843, 1,000 settlers and 1,000 head of cattle set out from Independence, Missouri to start the "Great Emigration" to Oregon. The wagon train followed the Santa Fe Trail for about 40 miles before turning north to the Platte River. West of Fort Laramie, Wyoming, the Oregon Trail turned north to head for Fort Boise, the last stop for supplies before tackling the rest of the journey over the Blue Mountains. The Great Emigration made the 2,000 mile trek in about five months. Four more wagon trains took the Oregon Trail in 1844 and in 1845, more than 3,000 people used the Oregon Trail. The California Trail used the same Platte River route, but continued west from Fort Laramie to Salt Lake City, making a loop around the south side of the Great Salt Desert, then over the Sierra Nevada at Donner Pass. Eventually, the Union Pacific would lay its rails along the same trail, as did the Lincoln Highway a few decades later, followed by Interstate 80 - all following the route that was used starting this date in 1843.

...in 1939, Italy and Germany signed the "Pact of Steel" to form the Axis Powers. In September of 1940, Japan would also sign the pact, making the "Pact of Steel" into the Tripartate Pact. Also on this date, but in 1944, Britain and American forces began Operation Chattanooga Choo-Choo. It was a concentrated effort to bomb German railway yards and rights-of-way. The operation was a success as it left German scrambling to find enough labor to repair the lines. The real purpose, of course, was to cripple the Nazi mechanism for the distribution of ammunition, and to soften up the logistical system in preparation of D-Day.

...in 1868, the Reno Gang, a group that performed the first recorded train robbery and terrorized the midwest after the Civil War, climbed aboard a Jeffersonville, Madison and Indianapolis Railroad train at the Marshfield, Indiana depot. As the train pulled out, part of the gang overpowered the engineer while others uncoupled the passenger cars, allowing the locomotive and express car to speed off. They threw the express manager off the train (resulting in his death) and made off with about $96,000.00. It was the fourth train robbery by Frank, John and Bill Reno and their gang and gave them national notoriety. On July 9, they made their fifth attempt but there were 10 Pinkertons on board, waiting for them. All of the gang, except Volney Elliot, escaped. Elliot ratted out the rest of the gang and the Pinkerton detectives rounded them all up. While being transported to Seymour, Indiana, a group of masked men pulled them from the train and lynched the gang. On July 27, the Pinkertons arrested Bill and Simeon Reno in Indianapolis, but they suffered the same fate, lynched from the same tree in a town now known as Hangman Crossing, Indiana.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Frankreno.jpg/220px-Frankreno.jpg
Frank Reno was the leader of
the gang that recorded the first
train robbery in the United States.
It began decades of copy-cat
train robberies.

See Hangman Crossing, near Seymour, Indiana, on
google maps (http://maps.google.com/maps?q=38.943333+-85.926667+(UTM: 16S 593017m E 4311036m N)) or Google Earth by visting the sites and
entering these coordinates: 38.943333 -85.926667

...in 1977, Janet Guthrie qualified for the Indianapolis 500, the first woman to qualify for the premier race in America, if not the world. She finished 29th out of the field of 33 cars, after completing only 27 of the 200 laps, due to the failure of a timing gear. She finished the 1978 Indy in ninth place, a remarkable achievement and not because she finished at all but because she lacked the huge corporate sponsorship that is behind most Indy racing teams. "Drag racing gets more women because it costs about a tenth of Indy Car racing. It's a very expensive sport. I managed to make do with $120,000 I got from Texaco, but most drivers have between two and three million dollars to work with," she said. Guthrie was an adrenalin-driven racer. She made a parachute jump at 16, got her pilots license at 17, and went to the University of Michigan for aerospace engineering. Guthrie applied to NASA to be a Scientist-Astronaut and actually made the first round of cuts. While working at Republic Aviation, she bought a Jaguar and began SCCA road racing. She drove in 33 NASCAR races and placed as high as sixth place and in her 11 Indy car races, finished as high as 5th. (Guthrie made 5 attempts to drive in the Indy 500, she did not qualify in 1976 and 1980, but in 1977-1979 she finished 29th, 9th and 34th respectively.) Janet Guthrie's autobiography is entitled Life at Full Throttle and Sports Illustrated called it one of sports literature's all-time best books.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Janet_Guthrie_Wildcat.JPG/250px-Janet_Guthrie_Wildcat.JPG
Janet Guthrie drove this Wildcat in the
1978 Indy 500, finishing in 9th place.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 54 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1900, more than 37 years after his act of heroism during the Civil War, Sgt. William Harvey Carney was presented with the Congressional Medal of Honor, the first American of African descent to be awarded the highest military honor bestowed on military heroes. (Actually, Robert Blake was awarded the MOH in 1864, however, even though the presentation was late, Sgt. Carney's courageous actions took place at Fort Wagner before anyone else's.) Carney was born a slave in Virginia but escaped to Massachusetts via the underground railroad, following his father. The two of them went back and pulled the rest of their family out of slavery. In the 54th Massachusetts Volunteers, he was part of an attack on Fort Wagner in Charleston, SC. According to the citation of the Medal of Honor presentation, Sgt. Carney bravely planted the flag to rally the troops, then carried the flag safely back behind Union lines. "When the color sergeant was shot down, this soldier grasped the flag, led the way to the parapet, and planted the colors thereon. When the troops fell back he brought off the flag, under a fierce fire in which he was twice severely wounded." When he arrived back in camp and handed off the flag, he said to his unit, "Boys, I only did my duty; the old flag never touched the ground!" (The assault on Fort Wagner is depicted in the movie Glory.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/WilliamCarney.jpeg/200px-WilliamCarney.jpeg
Sergeant William Harvey Carney (1840-1908)

...in 1911, the New York Public Library was dedicated in a ceremony presided over by President William Howard Taft. It is the largest marble structure ever built in the United States and occupies a two block section of Fifth Avenue between 40th and 42nd Streets. In the late 19th century, New York was growing very quickly but did not have a libarary large enough to support the population. The largest libraries, the Astor and Lennox libraries, were separate entities. In 1886, former governor Samuel J. Tilden passed on, leaving the city $2.4 million to "establish and maintain a free library and reading room in the city of New York." On May 23, 1895, the Astor and Lennox libraries agreed to merge with the Tilden Trust to form the New York Public Library that was dedicated 16 years to the day. In 1901, philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, known for his generousity in distributing funds for libraries, made a $5.2 million gift to the library to open branch libraries. There are over 2 million cardholders, more than any other library system in the nation. Unlike other libraries, the New York Library was not created by government decree and was built by a private organization.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/NYC_Public_Library_Research_Room_Jan_2006.jpg/500px-NYC_Public_Library_Research_Room_Jan_2006.jpg
The Rose Reading Room

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_TZ4zYEBSw1I/SNLuX21k5_I/AAAAAAAAFs0/dkcYGtyxtXU/s400/library_lions_patience.jpg http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_TZ4zYEBSw1I/SNLuYQKXvBI/AAAAAAAAFs8/2vt6oppKyRQ/s400/library_lions_fortitude.jpg
Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia used to conclude his radio broadcasts with the words "Patience and Fortitude." He also
nicknamed The New York Public Library’s lions "Patience" and "Fortitude" for the qualities he felt New Yorkers needed
to survive the Great Depression.

...in 1945, Heinrich Himmler committed suicide by swallowing a cyanide pill, the day after being arrested by the British military. Himmler was the head of the Waffen-Schutzstaffel, the military arm of the Nazi party, and he was also the second in command of the Gestapo. By controlling all the police in the Reich, Himmler wielded immense power to eliminate all opposition to the party. Himmler was also the architect of "The Final Solution" creating the death camps and concentration camps that provided slave labor.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S72707%2C_Heinrich_Himmler.jpg/245px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S72707%2C_Heinrich_Himmler.jpg
Heinrich Himmler (1900-1945)

...in 1934, Clyde Champion Barrow and Bonnie Parker met their doom when they were ambushed by combined forces of the Louisiana State Police and Texas State Police in Bienville Parish, Louisiana. In 1930, Clyde met the 19 year old Bonnie Parker in Texas, where she was tending bar. She was married to a convicted murderer who was serving a life sentence. Clyde was a small-time hoodlum who was, shortly after they met, arrested for burglary and sent to prison. Bonnie smuggled a guy into the prison and aided Clyde in breaking out. Over the next two years, the two ran a crime spree that resulted in (at least) 13 murders and untold stolen cars, almost all of them Fords. They successfully evaded capture in Texas, Louisiana, New Mexico and Missouri. Clyde's brother, Buck and his wife, Blanche, joined the gang. In June 1933, the gang was surrounded at the Red Crown Tavern in Platte City, near Kansas City, Missouri, the gang again eluded authorities during a horrific gun fight. Buck took a bullet in the head as the gang made their escape to Dexter, Iowa. Buck died of his wounds in Iowa and Blanche was taken into custody. Meanwhile, Bonnie and Clyde escaped to Lousiana, where they were ambushed. Their stolen 1934 Ford (see photo below) was riddled with machine gun fire for two full minutes. The 1967 Warren Beatty-Faye Dunaway movie Bonnie & Clyde portrayed the couple as a carefree, charming and irreverant pair of Robin Hoods. Such was not the case. Although contemporary reports say Bonnie never wielded a gun (but was a talented re-loader) Clyde was a cold-blooded killer who murdered at least five police officers in their spree.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bonnieclyde_f.jpg/225px-Bonnieclyde_f.jpg
Bonnie & Clyde hamming it up in
front of a stolen 1932 Ford B-400
convertible sedan.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/BonnieandClyde.jpg
Bonnie & Clyde behind the B-400.

http://texashideout.tripod.com/shotcar.jpg
The Last Ride

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 15 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1844, -.-. --- -. --. .-. . ... ... / .-- .. - -. . ... ... . -.. / .- / -.. . -- --- -. ... - .-. .- - .. --- -. / --- ..-. / .- / -- .- -.-. .... .. -. . --..-- / .. -. ...- . -. - . -.. / -... -.-- / ... .- -- ..- . .-.. / ..-. .-.-.- -... .-.-.- / -- --- .-. ... . --..-- / -.-. .- .-.. .-.. . -.. / .- / - . .-.. . --. .-. .- .--. .... .-.-.- / .... . / ... . -. - / .- / -- . ... ... .- --. . / ..-. .-. --- -- / - .... . / ..- .-.-.- ... .-.-.- / -.-. .- .--. .. - --- .-.. / - --- / .- .-.. ..-. .-. . -.. / ...- .- .. .-.. / .. -. / -... .- .-.. - .. -- --- .-. . --..-- / -- .- .-. -.-- .-.. .- -. -.. .-.-.- / - .... . / -- . ... ... .- --. . / .-- .- ... --..-- / .-..-. .-- .... .- - / .... .- - .... / --. --- -.. / .-- .-. --- ..- --. .... - ..--.. .-..-. / ...- .- .. .-.. / ... . -. - / - .... . / ... .- -- . / -- . ... ... .- --. . / -... .- -.-. -.- / - --- / - .... . / -.-. .- .--. .. - --- .-.. / ... . -.-. --- -. -.. ... / .-.. .- - . .-. .-.-.-

(It says...Congress witnessed a demonstration of a machine, invented by Samuel F.B. Morse, called a telegraph. He sent a message from the U.S. Capitol to Alfred Vail in Baltimore, Maryland. The message was, "What Hath God Wrought?" Vail sent the same message back to the Capitol seconds later.)

Morse was a painter and was well respected for his portraiture. He was inspired by a French inventor who had an impractical idea for an electric telegraph. He spent 12 years perfecting the device and during that same time, created his alphabet to encode messages for the telegraph. In the 10 years after the first commercial telegraph line was installed, more than 20,000 miles of telegraph lines cris-crossed the country. The first telegraph line to California put the Pony Express out of business. More importantly, it not only improved communications, it improved safety in railroad transportation while enhancing train dispatching.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Morse_tegraph.jpg/180px-Morse_tegraph.jpg
The original Morse telegraph.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Samuel_Finley_Breeze_Morse_002.jpg/180px-Samuel_Finley_Breeze_Morse_002.jpg
Mrs. Daniel de Saussure Bacot, a
portrait by Samuel F.B. Morse.

...in 1987, Al Unser Sr. became the oldest winner of the Indianapolis 500, just 5 days short of his 48th birthday. It was his fourth Indy 500 win, the second of only three men to win the race four times. Unser wasn't going to drive the race, he simply stepped in to replace Danny Ongais who was injured. Unser Sr. also won 39 races on the Indy circuit, sat on the pole 29 times and won over $6 million. He retired in 1992 but the Unser family is well entrenched in racing. Al Sr.'s brother Bobby won the Indy 500 three times. Older brother Jerry, the first Unser to race at Indy, qualified in 1958 but went out in a spectacular 13-car accident from which he walked away, but he died in a practice crash at Indy in 1959. Al's son, Al Unser Jr., also won the big race, making Al Sr., the only man to have a sibling and son win the race. Nephews Johnny and Robby have also run at Indianapolis, as has his grandson, Al Unser III.

...in 1935, Major League Baseball held the first night game at Crosley Field in Cincinnati. (25,000 fans watched the Reds beat the Phillies 2-1.) It was not the first night game in professional baseball, that was in Des Moines, Iowa on May 2, 1930. Slowly, every major league team moved to a night schedule. The last holdout was the Chicago Cubs, but even with lights on Wrigley Field, the Cubs still play a majority of their home games during the day.

...in 1917, the first convoy set sail in an attempt to thwart the ever-increasing threat of submarine warfare. The British navy had resisted convoys, afraid that the ships ordered to convoy duty would not be available for war duty. By 1917, the tonnage of vessels lost was staggering, so the concept of a convoy was brought to light. A convoy would consist of 10-50 merchant ships along with a cruiser, six destroyers, torpedo boats and air support to see disturbances in the water that would indicate submarine activity. With the introduction of convoys, German U-boat damages dropped precipitously, along with the German strategy of starving Great Britain into submission.

...in 1929, the Marx Brothers, Groucho, Harpo, Chico and Zeppo, first appeared on film with the release of The Cocoanuts (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0019777/). The story had been a successful Broadway play before "Minnie's Boys" made the jump to Hollywood. Seven films were made with four of the brothers and after Zeppo left the movie act, nine more films were made by three brothers, Groucho, Harpo and Chico.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Marx_Brothers_1931.jpg/180px-Marx_Brothers_1931.jpg
Top to bottom: Chico, Harpo,
Groucho and Zeppo.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 50 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

In May of 2005, the lost Balao Class submarine, USS Lagarto, was located at a depth of 230 feet in the Gulf of Thailand. The Lagarto disappeared sometime in early May of 1945 while on patrol in the Gulf of Siam. Records of a Japanese minelayer indicated the sinking of an American submarine on May 4, which was most likely the Lagarto. In June, 2006, divers from the US Navy surveyed the wreckage and observed the word "MANITOWOC" on the brass propellers, linking the wreck to Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company, in Manitowoc, Wisconsin, where the Lagarto was launched on May 28, 1944. 28 submarines were built by Manitowoc Shipbuilding in WWII, four did not return, the Lagarto being one of the four. Commander Frank D. Latta was in command of the Lagarto. According to the wreck divers, a forward outer torpedo door is open, the rudder is hard of port and and dive planes are aimed in a steep dive. The Lagarto went down fighting with all 86 hands.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/USS_Lagarto_%28SS-371%29.jpg/300px-USS_Lagarto_%28SS-371%29.jpg
The USS Lagarto during sea trials in Lake Michigan.
She disappeared on May 4, 1945 with all 86 hands.

http://divehappy.com/photos/lagarto-dive/flag.jpg
The site of the USS Lagarto is secret, known only to the US Navy and the
wreck divers. It is considered a war grave and is treated with utmost respect. The
hull is considered sealed, and penetration of the hull and removal of any object from
the submarine is strictly prohibited. The wreck divers, at the request of the familes
of the deceased, placed this flag on the conning tower of the Lagarto. The 86
submariners, entombed inside the hull, are no longer considered MIA, providing
closure for their families. RIP USS Lagarto.

...in 1961, President John F. Kennedy addressed a special joint session of Congress. He began his address by saying that the President is directed from time to time to address Congress on the state of the union. "..this tradition has been broken in extraordinary times. These are extraordinary times." He went on to describe the challenge presented by the Soviet Union, that the United States was behind in the space race. Later in the address, though, he made one of his most important, and best remembered, statements about space:

I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth. No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind, or more important for the long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish. We propose to accelerate the development of the appropriate lunar space craft. We propose to develop alternate liquid and solid fuel boosters, much larger than any now being developed, until certain which is superior.

We propose additional funds for other engine development and for unmanned explorations -- explorations which are particularly important for one purpose which this nation will never overlook: the survival of the man who first makes this daring flight. But in a very real sense, it will not be one man going to the moon-if we make this judgment affirmatively, it will be an entire nation. For all of us must work to put him there.

The race was on - Project Mercury, Project Gemini and Project Apollo, culminating with the splash-down of Apollo 11 on July 23, 1969, after Neil Armstrong and Ed Aldrin landed on the surface of the moon while Michael Collins orbited the moon in the command module. The flight of Apollo 11 reached the goal set by President Kennedy on this date in 1961.

http://www.jfklibrary.org/NR/rdonlyres/94BF7172-FDAB-46BF-9118-32F1829A539F/23382/94BF7172FDAB46BF911832F1829A539F2.jpg
The President watches the flight of Alan Shepard on May 5, 1961 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index276.html#post646120). (Left to Right) Attorney General Robert Kennedy, McGeorge Bundy, Vice President Johnson, Arthur Schlesinger, Admiral Arleigh Burke, President Kennedy, Mrs. Kennedy. White House,Office of the President's Secretary. Photograph by Cecil Stoughton, White House. Photo from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston.

...in 1992, Jay Leno appeared for the first time as the host of NBC's The Tonight Show, replacing Johnny Carson, who retired after 30 years of hosting the popular late night show. The idea for the show's format came from the fertile mind of Steve Allen, who hosted a local version of a late night show in New York. Allen hosted the show when it moved to the network in 1954. Mostly, Allen played the piano and cracked jokes, sometimes chatting with guests. A frequent bit was a "man on the street" with Tom Posten, Louis Nye and Don Knotts. Jack Paar took the show in the late 1950s and gave way to Johnny Carson in 1962. Carson's bits are too numerous to list here, but favorites included "Carnac, the Magnificent" and skits by "The Mighty Carson Art Players" that usually included at least one of the episode's guests. Carson's recurring bit characters included Carnac, Art Fern, Floyd R. Turbo and Aunt Blabby. When Leno took over the show, he also created several bit characters, including "Beyondo" but most fell flat and were dropped. His "Jay Walking" segments have been quite popular. Leno's last show as host of The Tonight Show will be on May 29th with his replacement being Conan O'Brien. Leno will move to his own prime time program on NBC.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/JayLeno.jpg/245px-JayLeno.jpg
Jay Leno ca. 2006

...in 1935, at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh, Babe Ruth went four for four, hitting his 712th, 713th and 714th home runs, his last, setting a record that would be held for 39 years before being broken by Henry Aaron.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Babe_Ruth2.jpg/256px-Babe_Ruth2.jpg
George Herman Ruth, Jr. (1895-1948)

...in 1979, at the begining of the Memorial Day weekend, a DC-10 taking off from Chicago's O'Hare Airport, reached an altitude of 400 feet before it rolled on its side, plunged into an open area and exploded on impact. 271 passengers and crew on board perished in the crash and two more people perished on the ground. The fire burned so hot that firefighters were unable to get to the wreckage for about an hour after the crash. Although the cause was unknown immediately, the FAA impounded all DC-10 airliners until the cause was found; faulty maintenance allowed a bolt on the engine mount to work loose. It damaged hydraulic lines in the wing and caused the engine to literally fall off the aircraft. The plane, in theory, should have been able to fly with the remaining two engines, however, the loss of hydraulic power caused the flaps to retract and the craft lost vital lift power as a result. The FAA fined American Airlines $500,000.00 for the error. The crash of Flight 191 was the worst domestic disaster in U.S. History.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/Aa191_ohare.jpg/260px-Aa191_ohare.jpg
This remarkable photograph shows the doomed
airliner in its unrecoverable bank just before impact.
The No. 1 engine is clearly missing, it was
severed on the runway during takeoff. Photo courtesy
of American Airlines.

...in 1977, Star Wars premiered. Even though there was a great deal of consternation over the title - Episode IV: A New Hope - the movie broke all-time box office records with many people, young and old alike, returning to see it again and again. The film won seven Academy Awards for technical features and John Williams' score. (The film had a great influence on popular culture, including politics. In 1984, President Ronald Reagan rolled out the Strategic Defense Initiative, a missile defense program that President Reagan's detractors immediately branded "Star Wars" because they considered it science fiction and they were attempting to tie it Mr. Reagan's film career. He was steamed, but Assistant Secretary of Defense Richard Perle told him, "...it's not so bad. Why not? It was a good movie and the good guys won." The name picked up traction, especially when President Reagan referred to the Soviet Union as the Evil Empire. The "Star Wars' nickname proved so popular that President Bill Clinton changed the name of SDI and distanced himself the nickname.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Star_Wars_Logo.svg/250px-Star_Wars_Logo.svg.png
The ubiquitous title card

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 57 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1907, in Winterset, Iowa, Marion Michael Morrison was born, the son of a pharmacist named Clyde L. Morrison. As a child, his constant companion was an Airdale Terrier named Duke, and soon he acquired the nickname of Duke, himself. His father's health prompted a move to Glendale, California, where the family settled on an 80 acre farm. Duke delivered papers, went to school and football practice, then delivered prescriptions for his father's pharmacy that happened to be in the same building with a theater - so Duke saw at least 4 movies a week. He also watched Triangle Pictures shoot films near his ranch. He was a standout football player at USC, and like other athletes, got a part-time job moving scenery at Fox Studios. In his second year, he broke his ankle and dropped out of school, but kept the scenery mover job. He came to the attention of director, John Ford, and the two would become friends for life, including working in several films together, but his big break came when Raoul Walsh cast the young man in the lead of an expensive film entitled The Big Trail. Mr. Walsh thought "Marion" was too sissy of a name, and he changed it. The Big Trail was a flop, but Duke went on to some success an Hollywood under his new name, John Wayne.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/john-wayne-usc-football.jpg
Duke Morrison, USC Footballer, who
would go on to some fame under a
different name.
"I play John Wayne in every part
regardless of the character, and I've
been doing okay, haven't I?"
--John "Duke" Wayne

...in 1994, Michael Jackson married Lisa Marie Presley at a secret ceremony. The marriage didn't last very long. On December 10, 1995, the couple separated and on January 17, 1996, Lisa Marie filed for divorce, then married Nicolas Cage.
(Q: What did Michael Jackson like about twenty eight year olds?
A: The fact that there were 20 of them.)

http://www.ukhairdressers.com/Celeb%20Wedding/Michael%20Jackson%20and%20Lisa%20Marie%20Presley/Wedding%20Image.jpg
The Not-so-happy couple.

...in 1978, the first casino opened in Atlantic City. Atlantic City had been a popular resort and tourist area in the early 20th century and its street names were preserved forever in the game Monopoly. After WWII, it declined in popularity and in quality. Many of the old hotels, if not torn down, were converted to low-income apartments or nursing homes. In 1974, voters approved gambling and the rebirth of Atlantic City began. The once-luxurious, but now aged, Chalfonte-Haddon Hotel on the corner of North Carolina Avenue (Rent: $1,275 with Hotel) and Pacific Avenue (Rent: $1,275 with Hotel) was acquired by Resorts International. The 1000 guest rooms were reduced to 566 to allow the creation of casino, restaurants and shops, and the rest were remodeled to fit the city's required 325 square-foot per room code. It re-opened on this date in 1978 as the Resorts International. After all that, it was torn down in 1980 to make room for a parking lot.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Chalfonte_Hotel_Atlantic_City_1905_Advertisement.j pg/200px-Chalfonte_Hotel_Atlantic_City_1905_Advertisement.j pg
The Chalfonte Hotel reopened as
Resorts International on this date in
1978, the first casino on the east coast.

...in 1896, the Dow Jones Industrial Average was created and published in the Wall Street Journal. The DJIA consisted of 12 major stocks, the intent then, as it is now, is to give a daily snapshot of the performance of the stock market. Of the original 12 members, only General Electric is currently (hehehehe, just for you, Rae) part of the modern index. The other 11 members were American Cotton Oil Co (an ancestor of Bestfoods, now part of Unilever) American Sugar Co (Domino Foods) American Tobacco Company (broken up in 1911) Chicago Gas Co (now part of Integrys Energy Group) Distilling & Cattle Feeding Co (Millennium Chemicals) Laclede Gas Light Company (now The Laclede Group but pulled from the DJIA in 1899) Nation Lead Co (removed from the DJIA in 1916) North American Company (it was the Edison Electric Company that was broken up in the 1940s) Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Co (U.S. Steel bought it in 1907) U.S. Leather Co (dissoved in 1952) and United States Rubber Co (became Uniroyal, merged with B.F. Goodrich and was bought by Michelin in 1990.) The DJIA stood at 40.94 on this date, but went as low as 28.48 in 1896. It climbed to 381.17 on September 3, 1929 but plummeted to 230.07 on October 29, 1929. (That was not the lowest DJIA of the Great Depression, that came in 1932.) For all that is said of the New Deal and WWII ending the Great Depression, the DJIA did not rise above the 1929 peak until 1954.

As for the current DJIA being the worst since the Great Depression? Not even close. The market plummeted on Black Monday (October 19, 1987) when it dropped 22.61%, the largest one day drop in history. In comparison to these closings, the DJIA was 8277.32 on Friday, May 22, 2009. (Down 14.81 from the May 21.) On May 6, 2010, in what became known as the "2010 Flash Crash," the Dow dropped 998.50 points, an intra-day loss of 9.2%. On May 20, 2010 the Dow closed at 10,068.01, a far cry from the all-time high mark of 14,198.10 it hit on October 11, 2007, when we all thought we were in Fat City. Where will it go in the next few years? Absolutely no one knows.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/DJIA_historical_graph_to_jan09_%28log%29.svg/400px-DJIA_historical_graph_to_jan09_%28log%29.svg.png
The Dow Jones Industrial Average 1896-2008

...in 1897, Bram Stoker's famous novel Dracula went on sale in London. Stoker, a former soccer star from Ireland, wrote 17 novels in his career but it was Dracula that made the largest impact, earning him respect and literary fame and is held up as a masterpiece of Victorian Gothic literature. Stoker originally called the lead character Count Wampyr but in the writings of a diplomat named Wilkinson, he encountered the word "dracul" from the Romanian language, meaning "devil." He used a variation of the word, Dracula, for the antagonist's name. Vampires, undead who leave their graves at night in order to drink blood of human victims, were part of folk tales for centuries. The book was only moderately successful, in fact, it was not even mentioned in Stoker's obituary when he died in 1912. In 1931, Universal Studios released a film based on the book, starring Hungarian actor Bela Lugosi in the role of Dracula. It launched a career for Lugosi, although he was forever typecast, and it relaunched the sale of Stoker's book. Dozens upon dozens of vampire stories, movies and television series have been made since the film was a hit in 1931.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Henry_Irving_portrait.jpg
Sir Henry Irving, a Shakespearean actor and
employer of Stoker, was the inspiration for the
personality of Dracula, suave, debonair and a
gentleman in every way. Irving, of course, did not
have Dracula's penchant for blood. Although the role
was perfect for Irving, he never agreed to play the
role on stage.

...in 1959, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, pitcher Harvey Haddix of the Pittsburgh Pirates threw the greatest game in history, 12 perfect innings against the Milwaukee Braves, but lost. It was the first time a pitcher threw more than nine perfect innings in major league history. (A perfect inning is three up, three down, no one reaches base via any of the nine ways a batter can get to first base.) Unfortunately for Haddix, Milwaukee pitcher Lew Burdette matched him inning-for-shutout-inning although Burdette gave up 12 hits and two walks. In the 13th, Felix Mantilla beat out a ground ball that Don Hoak threw in the dirt. It was an error, so Haddix still had a no-hitter although the perfect game was over. Ediie Mathews sacrificed Mantilla to second. He intentionally walked Hank Aaron, who was leading the league in hitting at the time. Joe Adcock next hit a three-run home run, except that in his jubilation, Adcock passed Aaron on the base path. Umpire Frank Friscoli called him out and changed the homer to a two-run double. It didn't matter, the Braves beat Haddix and the Pirates 2-0, ending the greatest game ever pitched and one of the most bizarre stories in major league history. Lew Burdette called Haddix in the visitor's clubhouse after the game. The way he told reporters was that he'd give it up if he could. "I called Harvey that night in the visiting clubhouse. I told him 'I realize I got what I wanted, a win, but I'd really give it up because you pitched the greatest game that's ever been pitched in the history of baseball. It was a damned shame you had to lose.' "

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/haddix_11_330.jpg
The long walk back to the dugout.
(Courtesy of the Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 24 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1940, the evacuation of the British at Dunkirk took a tragic and atrocious turn. Just 50 miles from Dunkirk, where a flotilla of british ships, boats and almost anything that floated awaited to take them home to England, 99 members of the Royal Norfolk Regiment soldiers bravely fought off a company of SS Soldiers. Holed up in a farmhouse, with ammunition gone, the troops agreed to surrender and left the farmhouse with white flags tied to their bayonets. They were greeted by German machine gun fire. Desperate, they tried again, this time ordered by an English-speaking German to an open field where they were stripped of everything they had of value, from cigarettes to gas masks. They were ordered to line up against a barn wall. When everyone had reached the wall, a voice called out, "FIRE!" and the machine guns mowed down the British regiment. Almost all who survived, except two, were bayoneted or shot with hand guns. Albert Pooley and William O'Callaghan survived by playing dead. After dark, the two survivors crawled to a farmhouse where their wounds were tended. The bodies were hastilly buried along the barn wall the next day. Pooley was badly injured, but the two managed to avoid capture - for a time. They were discovered and held as POWs. In 1943, Pooley's injuries were so bad that he was repatriated in exchange for wounded German soldiers. No one in England believed his story. When O'Callaghan returned and told the same story, a formal inquiry was made. After the war, Albert Pooley made it his personal task to hunt down Captain Fritz Knöchlein, who gave the order to fire, and bring him to justice. The bodies were exhumed and reburied in a French war cemetery. Knöchlein was found guilty of a war atrocity and was hanged on January 28, 1949.

http://www.stephen-stratford.co.uk/assets/thetwoarrive.jpg
William O'Callaghan and Albert Pooley, in Hamburg
for the trial of Captain Fritz Knöchlein.

...in 1972, Mark Donahue set the speed record at the Indianapolis 500 at 163.645 MPH, six MPH faster than the previous record. Donahue was a talented racer, winning in several different venues. He was the 1965 SCCA Driver of the Year, he won the 1973 Winston Cup. He won the first IROC race in 1974 and retired from driving to run Roger Penske's Winston Cup team. The bug still had him, though, and he decided to try his hand at Formula One. On August 19, 1975, he punctured a front tire in a tight turn at 160 MPH. His car spun out of control, crashed through four barricade fences and several billboards. He died in surgery to remove a blood clot from his brain.

...in 1937, the Golden Gate Bridge opened, one of the most recognizable icons in the world. On this date, the bridge was open to pedestrians only, allowing residents an opportunity to closely inspect the bridge. The Golden Gate Bridge was a marvel of technology and achievement when it opened, after only 5 years of construction. Dreamers had proposed bridging the Golden Gate Strait as far back as the 1870s when the completion of the transcontinental railroad brought passengers to Oakland, but not to San Francisco, except by ferry. San Francisco found itself on the wrong side of the bay. The challenges of spanning the Golden Gate Strait were many. The Golden Gate is a narrow strait that is the mouth of San Francisco Bay. It is over 350 feet deep and 390 billion gallons of salt water flow through the strait, four times every day, as the tides flow in and out of San Francisco Bay. In addition, high winds swirl through the strait on a nearly continuous basis. All talk was just that, talk, until 1916 when an engineer proposed a 3,000 foot span, estimated to cost $100 million to build. Serious discussions followed, including finding a designer who could build it for a lot less money. Joseph Strauss, an engineer from Chicago, suggested he could build a 4,000 foot structure for $17 million and the project was on. The final plans were completed by Clifford Paine but were influenced by Irving Morrow, an architect who called for the bridge to be painted International Orange, a warm color in contrast to the stark surroundings. (Joseph Strauss (http://bridgehunter.com/category/builder/joseph-strauss/) was a prolific bridge designer and innovator, including improvements in movable bridge design. Many Strauss Bascule Bridge Company (http://bridgehunter.com/category/builder/strauss-bascule-bridge-co/) bridges are still in daily use.)

Between the time the design sequence was completed and the first dirt was moved, the bridge faced numerous popular and legal challenges, not the least of which was from the Southern Pacific Railroad that operated the ferries between San Francisco and Sausalito. By the time all the hurdles were jumped, the Great Depression has begun and funding was at risk. The Bank of America underwrote the project in order to stimulate the local economy. The final structure is 6,450 feet in length, uses 80,000 miles of wire, the towers are 746 eet above the water and it cost about $35 million, a princely sum in the 1930s.

In 1933, the Civilian Conservation Corps (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilian_Conservation_Corps) improved Muir Woods (http://www.ohranger.com/muir-woods/history) in anticipation of visitors arriving from the bridge. (Attendance in the park tripled after the bridge opened.)

In 1994, the American Society of Civil Engineers named it to their list of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World (http://www.asce.org/history/seven_wonders.cfm).

http://bridgehunter.com/photos/12/42/124295-M.jpg
The Golden Gate Bridge

http://bridgehunter.com/photos/12/42/124293-M.jpg
The view of Marin County from the South Tower.
(Both photos are from the Historical American
Engineering Record, taken by Jet Lowe.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

Happy Birthday, Mrs. P.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 25 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1916, racer Barney Oldfield set a speed record at the Indianapolis Speedway, driving his front-wheel drive Christie to a speed of 102.6 mph. It marked the first time that anyone ran the track in excess of 100 mph. Oldfield was a well-known daredevil and racer that had a knack for being in the presence of famous folks when he made his accomplishments. He drove for Henry Ford before he became famous, in fact, some say Oldfield's victories in the 999 racer made Henry Ford, but Ford was the one who picked the former bicycle racer, and Ford might very well have made Oldfield. Perhaps, they made each other.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Rc06258.jpg/250px-Rc06258.jpg
Oldfield in his Blitzen Benz. So well known
as a racer, he inspired the slang, "Who do
you think you are, Barney Oldfield?"

...in 1937, the Golden Gate Bridge opened to vehicular traffic. Yesterday, you read that the bridge opened that day, which it did, but for pedestrians only. After everyone got to see the bridge up close and personal, on this date, cars began to use the storied icon.

http://bridgehunter.com/photos/12/42/124291-M.jpg
Drivers pay a toll southbound but not northbound. Over
on the San Francisco Bay Bridge, toll is paid in Oakland
not from San Francisco to Oakland. That means that
San Francisco is the only city in the United States
with a cover charge.

...in 1940, King Leopold III of Belgium, after nearly 3 weeks of ceaseless bombardment and attacks, surrendered unconditionally to the Nazis. Belgium had been a convenient battleground for wars between France and Germany for centuries, and seeing the military build-up in Germany, prepared Belgium for war. Unfortunately, he neglected to ally himself with the British, who came at the last minute anyway. The German Army had invaded Belgium on May 10 and overwhelmed the Belgian army from the beginning. The defenders fought on bravely but were simply out-manned, out-gunned and overwhelmed. King Leopold sent a message to the Germans, asking for a cease-fire. The reply was unconditionally surrender or destruction. The King took surrender. The Belgian government retreated to exile to the short-term safety of Paris, and decried the surrender. Even Winston Churchill said that King Leopold made the correct choice, even though the British evacuation at Dunkirk was further endangered. King Leopold was captured by the Nazis and confined to the palace in house arrest. A large Belgian resistance developed during the war, protecting Antwerp and harrassing the Nazi army at every turn.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Princess_Astrid_engaged_in_1926.jpg/210px-Princess_Astrid_engaged_in_1926.jpg
King Leopold III with his first wife,
Astrid of Sweden, who died in a car
wreck in 1935.

...in 1957, the owners of the National League voted to allow the Brooklyn Trolley Dodgers and the New York Giants to move to Los Angeles and San Francisco at the end of the year. The baseball fans of California were overjoyed, the fans of New York were broken-hearted. The Dodgers were actually on a great run, having won the NL Pennant five times and the World Series once in the previous 8 years. They always packed Ebbets Field and were part of a lucrative radio and television deal they shared with the Giants and hated Yankees. Walter O'Malley, owner of the Dodgers, wanted to move to Los Angeles where a new stadium awaited him, something Brooklyn would not do. The fans of New York consoled themselves by rooting for the hapless Mets, a 1962 expansion team managed by Casey Stengel, that brought mediocre to a new low. Harry Chiti came from Cleveland in a trade for a "player to be named later." Chiti was so bad that the Mets sent him back to Cleveland - the first person to ever be traded for himself. Pitcher Billy Loes said, "The Mets is a good thing. They give everybody jobs. Just like the WPA." Their .250 record was the fourth worst in ML history and prompted columnist Jimmy Breslin to write a book about the season called Can't Anyone Here Play This Game?. In the mid-1960s, things began to turn around. Yogi Berra managed the Mets as they began a rise to excellence and "The Amazin' Mets" won the World Championship in 1969 - a meteoric rise equal to the NASA accomplishment of landing on the moon in the same decade. (Interesting note, one of the initial owners of the Mets was George Herbert Walker, Jr. Does the name sound familiar? It should - he was the uncle of President George Herbert Walker Bush and great-uncle of President George W. Bush.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/08/5262_1062164538.jpg/180px-5262_1062164538.jpg
Walter O'Malley is called, by some, the
most brilliant sports owner of the 20th Century.
He was Dodger legal council when Jackie
Robinson broke the color barrier and owned
the team when it moved to Los Angeles. Fans in
New York have more colorful, and less adoring
names, for the man who engineered the move of
the Giants and Dodgers to California.

...in 1902, the first serious western novel was published by Macmillan Press. Written by Owen Wister, The Virginian was the seminal western that made cowboys into folk heroes. He was of a more cosmopolitan background, having grown up in Philadelphia and attending school in England before he studied music at Harvard, where he graduated summa cum laude. His career never really took off as he became to suffer some kind of an illness that sapped him of all strength and energy. His friend, Teddy Roosevelt, recommended a trip to the west. Wister went to Wyoming where he pronounced the air as "delicious." He went back east, revitalized, and took up practicing law. He went back to Wyoming several times and fondly remembered his experiences when he started writing The Virginian. Every novel, movie, play and television show that deals with the west owes its roots to Owen Wister. "When you call me that, SMILE."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/da/Owen_Wister_from_American_Heritage_Center.jpg http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41GG8ZZXFGL._BO2,204,203,200_PIsitb-sticker-arrow-click,TopRight,35,-76_AA240_SH20_OU01_.jpg (http://www.amazon.com/Virginian-Signet-Classics-Owen-Wister/dp/0451528328)
Owen Wister, author of the novel that inspired a
Broadway play, several movies and a television series,
as well as every western since.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

Happy Birthday, Dad!

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 37 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1848, Wisconsin entered the Union as the 30th state. In 1634, the French explorer, Jean Nicolet, landed near to what is now Green Bay. (Contrary to urban myth, he did not grant an NFL franchise to Curley Lambeau.) So sure was Nicolet that he had found the passage to China that he wore brightly colored silk robes. The territory of Meskousing (the French called it Ouisconsin and the English Anglicized the word to Wisconsin) changed hands several times, from the French to the British, and ultimately to the United States. The area became part of the Northwest Territory, ceded by Britain after the conclusion of the Revolutionary War. The Black Hawk War was settled in 1832 and opened the territory to farming. The territory had been a part of the Michigan territory, which became a state in 1837. At that time, Michigan ended up with the area above Wisconsin, known as the Upper Peninsula, which Michigan got as a settlement of the Toledo War, a border dispute with Ohio. Wisconsin was well glaciated, except in the southwestern part of the state known as the "Driftless Area" where the glacier went around and left stunning landscapes, such as the area known as the Wisconsin Dells. The eastern part of the state was where the Green Bay Lobe of the last glacier collided with with Lake Michigan Lobe. The Green Bay Lobe carved Green Bay, Lake Winnebago and Geneva Lake. In between the lobes, sub-terranean ice packs later melted, creating "kettles" that can be small depressions (some that are ponds or wetlands) closed valleys or even lakes, such as Elkhart Lake or Geneva Lake. The melting glacier also made some perfectly cone-shaped hills called kames where water, carrying soil rocks and debris rushed through holes formed in the melting and receding glacier. Long ridges, called moraines, are also a regular feature of this area. Other egg-shaped hills were also formed, called drumlins. These features make up the eastern part of the state and because many of them have been cut for roads and railroad tracks, the cut features attract geologists from around the world. Many of these geological features are preserved in the Kettle-Moraine State Forest. (There are also eskers, moulin kames and crevasse fills but I have enough trouble remembering what a drumlin is.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/IMG_3043.jpg
A kettle in Sheboygan County. There are literally
thousands of these in Wisconsin, from a few feet across
to as large as Geneva Lake.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/IMG_3051.jpg
Dundee Mountain is a kame, and at over 250' in height, is one of the largest ones in the
Kettle-Moraine State Forest. (Picture a sheet of ice that was tall enough to leave a debris pile more than 250' tall!)
The last glacier reached as far south as Louisville, KY and the receding
glacier left many of these interesting features.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/85/Wisconsin_glacial_movements.jpg/300px-Wisconsin_glacial_movements.jpg
A geological map of eastern Wisconsin

...in 1922, the United States Supreme Court ruled that organized baseball did not violate anti-trust laws. A suit had been brought by the owners of a Baltimore franchise of a baseball league called the Federal League that tried to compete with the American and National Leagues, but was unable to do so. The owners of the Baltimore Terrapins sued the American and National Leagues, claiming they were in violation of the Sherman Anti-trust Act of 1890, designed to limit monopolies in interstate commerce. The plaintiff chose the U.S. District Court of a known trust-buster, Federal Judge Kennesaw Mountain Landis. What the plantiff didn't know was the Kennesaw Mountain Landis was also a great lover of baseball and particularly the Chicago Cubs. Landis delayed the case while the Federal League languished, unable to draw stars away from the competing big leagues. By 1915, the Federal League was bankrupt while the case continued pending. In 1920, Kennesaw Mountain Landis became the commissioner of baseball. He cleaned up the leagues after the Black Sox scandal of 1919, when members of the Chicago White Sox threw the world series after taking bribes from gambling interests. The Supreme Court finally heard the Federal League case in 1922 and ruled that baseball was a sport, not a business, and was therefore exempt from anti-trust legislation. To this day, baseball enjoys the same anti-trust exclusion, while the "sport" is a billion-dollar business. (Landis is remembered as a strong administrator when it was needed, but that he probably stayed too long. Landis kept baseball segregated for the duration of his term, and Jackie Robinson did not break the color barrier until after Landis passed away.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Kenesaw_Mountain_Landis_Baseball.jpg/250px-Kenesaw_Mountain_Landis_Baseball.jpg
Kennesaw Mountain Landis received his name from the
Battle of Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, where his father
lost a leg during the Civil War.

...in 1950, a lawsuit, filed by Preston Tucker against the prosecutors who indicted him for stock fraud, was thrown out of court. (Tucker was cleared on the stock fraud charges.) The entrepreneur had designed and started to built an automobile known as the Tucker in 1947. The car offered cutting-edge design and streamlining that was ahead of its time, as well as safety ideas, such as an enclosed frame to protect occupants in a collision, a padded dash and a cycloptic headlight that turned with the steering wheel. He built 35 cars when the federal government indicted him on stock fraund charges. While the factory was closed by the prosecution, his employees assembled another 16 cars from parts stacked up in the factory. (Four Tuckers were destroyed in accidents and 46 are known to still exist. There are rumors of a 47th car, as well, but that is another whole topic.) In the movie entitled Tucker: A Man and His Dream with Jeff Bridges as Preston Tucker, the story of Tucker is portrayed as the victim of a Big 3 automaker conspiracy to kill off the company. That is not really true, in fact, the Big 3 silently helped Tucker built his cars by supplying some of the parts he needed. (The steering wheels were from Lincoln and door hardware was from Kaiser, as an example.) Why? Management of the Big 3 were sure Tucker would fail and they wanted to buy his assets, including his huge plant in Chicago, for pennies on the dollar. The stock fraud charges killed the Tucker automobile but also killed any chance of a Detroit automaker getting his factory.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Trucker_Car.jpg/300px-Trucker_Car.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/1948_Tucker_Torpedo_rear.jpg/250px-1948_Tucker_Torpedo_rear.jpg
The Tucker still looks modern, 62 years later.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

A Blessed Memorial Day to you all. This is the traditional day of remembrance for fallen American soldiers. Originally called Decoration Day, it was created to honor the fallen of the Civil War and is held close to the date of American reunification. Although her disappearance is not of a military nature, Paige is in all of our thoughts today. The observance of Memorial Day was moved to the last Monday in May by Congress in 1971. Many believe that act has cheapened the day and there is a movement to restore this day, May 30, as Memorial Day to honor Americans who have made the supreme sacrifice for their country. If you agree, observe a moment of silence and respect at 3:00 PM today. Meanwhile, there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 28 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...fourscore and eight years ago, the Lincoln Memorial was dedicated in Washington D.C. in a ceremony presided over by Chief Justice William Howard Taft. (Taft was the only former US President to also serve as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.) The Lincoln Memorial Association was founded in 1867 to build a memorial, but a site was not chosen until 1902. Congress authorized construction in 1911, and on Lincoln's Birthday, February 12, 1914, the first stone was laid. The ceremony was held on May 30, 1922 and was attended by Robert Todd Lincoln, the only surviving child of Abraham Lincoln. To commemorate the 87th anniversary (forescore and seven years) Tony Landwehr, a cheese carver from Little Chute, Wisconsin, was commissioned by Cheez-It Crackers to carve a 640 pound block of cheddar cheese into a replica of the memorial.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Lincoln_Memorial_Close-Up.jpg/250px-Lincoln_Memorial_Close-Up.jpg
The Lincoln Memorial was dedicated on this date
fourscore and eight years ago.

...in 1911, the first Indianapolis 500 race was run at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana. With the exception of 6 years (1917, 1918, 1942, 1943, 1944 and 1945 during the two World Wars) the race has been held every year since. The speedway was an idea from the fertile mind of entrepreneur Carl G. Fisher of Indianapolis, who happened to love cars and racing. Fisher led a consortium of investors that built the track in 1909, conceived to be crushed stone and tar. The surface proved to be uneven and fatal, so it was repaved with 3.2 million bricks. The bricks are still there, paved over with asphalt, except for a strip, about three feet wide, that serves as the start/finish line. There were 40 cars in the first field, and Fisher was worried about the danger. He started the race by leading the entries with a stock car at 40-45 mph and the concept of the "Pace Car" continues to this day. Race officials are closed-lipped about attendence, but it is estimated that over 400,000 people fill the stands and infield at the track, making the Indy 500 the largest sporting event in the world. It lives up to its moniker, "The greatest spectacle in racing."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d5/Indianapolis_Motor_Speedway.svg/180px-Indianapolis_Motor_Speedway.svg.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/IMS_Centennial_Era.svg/200px-IMS_Centennial_Era.svg.png
The Winged-Wheel logo has been in use since
1909. It is currently on hiatus while the centennial logo
(right) is in use. The traditional logo returns in 2012.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/Starting-line-at-the-Indianapolis-motor-speedway-1985.JPG/180px-Starting-line-at-the-Indianapolis-motor-speedway-1985.JPG
The "Brickyard"'s "Yard of Bricks." The original, exposed, brick paving,
three feet wide, remains visible as the start/finish line.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ims_aerial.jpg/300px-Ims_aerial.jpg
The Indianapolis Motor Speedway was the first facility to use the
term "speedway" in its name. At one time, a nine-hole golf course was
located in the middle of the track, part of a 27-hole layout. It has been
changed to an 18-hole course with 4 holes in the infield, and it has hosted
both PGA and LPGA tournaments in the past.

...in 1431, Joan of Arc was burned at the stake at Place du Vieux-Marche in Rouen. She had acted on the voices of saints who told her to help drive the English from France and restore Charles to the throne. With her brilliant military leadership and ability to rally the French, the English were driven back. Later, she was captured by the Burgundians, who sold her to the British. She was accused of heresy because she acted on the word of God instead of submitting to the church. She died at the age of 19. In 1920, Joan was canonized by the Catholic Church, and the feast of St. Joan is celebrated on this day.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Joan_of_arc_miniature_graded.jpg/250px-Joan_of_arc_miniature_graded.jpg
No one really knows what St. Joan looks like, the
only portrait that she sat for has not survived. This
1485 painting does reflect the mens clothing that she
was known to wear.

...in 1868, the dead of the American Civil War were honored across the country on the first Decoration Day as flowers were placed on the graves of the fallen from both sides of the conflict, under the order of General John A. Logan of the Grand Army of the Republic. General James Garfield made a speech in Arlington National Cemetery before 5,000 volunteers decorated the graves of 20,000 Union and Confederate soldiers buried there. The observation of Decoration Day was inspired by several cities that claimed to have started the tradition. By the end of the 19th Century, Decoration Day was being observed, unofficially, in many locations around the country. After the World War, Decoration Day expanded to honor all American war dead. Although there is evidence that the tradition started in the CSA while the Civil War raged on, in 1966, President Lyndon B. Johnson declared Waterloo, New York as the birthplace of Memorial Day, because Waterloo had documented a celebration on May 5, 1866 and made it an annual affair. Congress moved the observance of Memorial Day to the last Monday of May in 1971. Many feel it has taken away the meaning and reverance of the day, making it into just another three day weekend. The "National Moment of Remembrance" resolution was passed in December 2000 that requests that at 3:00 PM, Americans observe a personal ..."Moment of remembrance and respect, pausing from whatever they are doing for a moment of silence."

http://www.cal-mum.com/holiday/poppy.gif

When you see a member of the VFW
selling "Buddy Poppies" today, be sure
to buy one and wear it proudly, in
remembrance of those who gave their
all in order to preserve your way of life.

In Flander's Field
by John McCrae
In Flanders Fields the poppies blow,
Between the crosses, row on row,
That mark our place; and in the sky,
The larks, still bravely singing, fly,
Scarce heard amid the guns below.
We are the dead.
Short days ago,
We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,
Loved and were loved and now we lie,
In Flanders Fields.
Take up our quarrel with the foe
To you, from failing hands, we throw,
The torch, be yours to hold it high.
If ye break faith with us, who die,
We shall not sleep, though poppies grow,
In Flanders Fields.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 15 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1962, the architect of "The Final Solution" was executed in Tel Aviv, Israel. Adolph Eichman joined the Nazi party in 1932 and became part of the elite Schutzstaffel (SS) rapidly rising through the hierarchy. When Germany annexed Austria in 1938, he was sent to Vienna to rid the city of Jews. His deportation center was so efficient that Hitler sent him to Prague to duplicate his effort. In 1942, he met with top Nazi officials to the purpose of planning the "final solution to the Jewish problem" as Herman Goehring had called it. Eichmann designed the entire plan to exterminate European Jews, from the collection centers, transportation and the death camps. After the war, Eichmann was captured by the US Army but he escaped and fled to Argentina, where he and many other surviving Nazis lived. In 1957, a German prosecutor informed Israel that Eichmann was alive and in Argentina. The Israeli secret service, Mossad, kidnapped Eichmann and brought him to Israel, over the protests of Argentina. He was tried and convicted of war crimes, although he claimed he had been following orders. Sentenced to die, he was hanged near Tel Aviv. His body was cremated in a specially constructed oven that burned so hot that no one could get near it. His ashes were thrown into international waters of the Mediterranean Sea. This was to ensure that no memorial can ever be constructed and that no nation can ever be claimed as his final resting place.

...in 1889, Johnstown, Pennsylvania was wiped off the map when a neglected dam breeched during a heavy rain. Johnstown is located at the confluence of the Little Conemaugh River and Stoney Creek, about 15 miles downstream from Lake Conemaugh, a reservoir that was created by damming the river in 1838. The South Fork Dam was an earthen berm that was built by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to supply a series of canals in the area. When the Pennsylvania Railroad came through, rendering the canals useless, the reservoir was abandoned and sold to the PRR. The PRR, in turn, sold it to private interests, led by Henry Clay Frick and a group of speculators that formed the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club. The exclusive club boasted the elites of Pittsburgh including Frick, Andrew Carnegie and Andrew Mellon, along with about 50 other prominent Pittsburgh socialites. By 1889, the dam was in need of serious repairs that were not performed by the owners of the dam, the SFF&HC.

Several heavy rains struck the area in late May and Lake Conemaugh was rising to serious levels. When the water level went over the top of the berm, club officials cried out for the evacuation of Johnstown and everyone else in the path of the impending flood waters. Johnstown residents, used to high waters and who had heard the dire warnings too many times before, simply moved their belonging to the second stories of their homes and settled in to wait out the flood. At 3:10 PM, the dam breeched and swept away the workers who were trying to keep the dam intact. Officials watched in horror as 20 million tons of water swept down the river valley, wiping out the towns of South Fork, Mineral Point, Woodvale and East Conemoaugh, gathering debris of all kinds, rocks, houses, buildings, people and animals, both alive and dead. By the time it got to Johnstown an hour later, the flood was a wall of water and debris more than 30 feet tall. In 10 minutes, Lake Conemoaugh's waters swept away most of the town. At the old stone bridge, debris piled up and caught fire. 2,209 people died in the flood. Clara Barton and the American Red Cross were on the scene and constructed shelters for the homeless survivors. As much as the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club was vilified for not maintaining the dam, no lawsuits were ever successful against the organization and as a result, American law was changed from a fault-based system to strict liability.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Johnstown_flood_debris.jpg/225px-Johnstown_flood_debris.jpg
Debris piled up above the PRR bridge.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Schultz.jpg
An uprooted tree skewered the John Schultz house. The
house floated down the river with six people still in it at the
time. All six survived.

...in 1929, Henry Ford signed a deal with the Soviet government to produce automobiles in the Soviet Union. Ford workers were sent to Russia to train the work force of Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod (GAZ) as it was called, and GAZ used the Ford oval logo, as well. GAZ began producing cars in 1932. Of course, the Soviets did not live up to the contract and Ford was never paid for his efforts. During the Korean War, an American army unit captured a North Korean jeep, built in Russia, that looked strangely familiar to one soldier. The dash panel and speedometer was 1929 Model A, the 4 cylinder engine and its components were also pure 1929 Model A Ford. In fact, a few parts for Model A's have been found in the Pacific Northwest over the years that have Cyrillic stampings in them.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/GAZ_64.jpg/800px-GAZ_64.jpg
The GAZ-64 jeep, built between 1941 and 1943.
The radiator is much like the 1929 Ford Model A
radiator. Note the small hole at the bottom for a
crank, just like the American Model A Ford.

...in 1870, Professor Edward Joseph De Smedt received two patents for French Asphalt Pavement. Later, on July 29, the first use of sheet asphalt was to pave William Street in Newark, New Jersey.

...in 1859, London's famous clock atop St. Stephen's Tower rang out over both Houses of Parliament in Westminster, London for the first time. In 1834, much of Parliament's headquarters, the Palace of Westminster, was destroyed by fire. The design of the new palace included the 320 foot St. Stephen's Tower with a huge 4-face clock. Sir George Airy, the royal astronomer, demanded the clock have pinpoint accuracy, which many said was impossible. The clock was built five years after the tower was ready for it. Included in the design was a 13 ton bell that was named Big Ben, which struck for the first time on this date. Two months later, it cracked. When a new, lighter hammer was installed, the bell was rotated the the new hammer would not strike the crack. It was never repaired. (There are four more bells in the belfry that sound the familiar 20-note Westminster Quarters while Big Ben chimes the hours.) Over the years, the name Big Ben has come to mean the clock, as well, although technically, the only bell is so named. Today, the clock, St. Stephen's tower and Big Ben are the most instantly recognizable icon of London and England. The 23 foot wide faces are lit at night, and a light above the tower is lit when Parliament is in session. (Contrary to common belief, it is not the largest four-faced clock in the world, that clock resides in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007.jpg/150px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007.jpg
St. Stephen's Tower
with its famous clock.
Photo by David Iliff.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 44 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1917, after buttting heads with Billy Durant one time too many, Henry Leland resigned as president of Cadillac Motor Car Company, part of General Motors. Leland had stepped into the Henry Ford Company in 1902 when the investors brought him in as a consultant. Ford left the company with his name and $900, to found the Ford Motor Company in 1903. Leland used Ford's automobile design, except to install his own engine. He renamed the company Cadillac in honor of the founder of Detroit. (The plant, on the corner of Clark Street and Michigan Avenue, remained in operation until 1991.) Leland sold the company to Durant's GM in 1909 but stayed on as the president. With Charles Kettering, he developed the self-starter and would also develop the V-8 engine for Cadillac that remainded in production until 1927. In 1917, though, Leland pushed for Cadillac to convert from auto production to war materiel, including Liberty airplane engines for the war in Europe. Billy Durant, headstrong at best and a micromanager at least, had granted Leland more autonomy than the other divisions but was not happy with that situation. Durant did not agree with Leland on much of anything, let alone Liberty engines, so after years of disagreements, Leland resigned. Some say he was fired, but either way, he went on to found the Lincoln Motor Car Company, and Lincoln built more Liberty engines than any other manufacturer. (The Lincoln Motor Car Company would fall into receivership in 1922, The only bidder was Henry Ford, who immediately began streamlining the company and closing all holes that were hemorrhaging money. Both Henry Leland and his son, Wilfred, were forced to resign. Lincoln remains the luxury car line of Ford Motor Company to this day.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Henry_Leland.jpg
Henry Leland (1843-1932) learned
precision engineering at Brown & Sharpe
and interchangability at Colt Firearms,
experience that aided him in making Cadillac
into one of the premier automakers in the
early days of the automobile industry.

...in 1942, a Warsaw underground newspaper broke the story that the Nazis had gassed tens of thousands of Jews at Chelmno, Poland, a death camp. After Adolph Eichmann and Herman Goehring devised "The Final Solution" the first implementation was called the gas van. The first 700 Jews to be murdered were transported in a van that had exhaust gas recycled into the chamber. The technique was simple, it was silent and it was invisible. The vans were used to kill up to 1,000 Jews per day. There was no sorting of "fit" and "unfit" as in the death camps, Chelmno was simply an extermination operation. Emanuel Ringelblum escaped Chelmno after being forced to bury bodies. His story was published in the Polish Socialist underground paper Libety Brigade and the west learned the "bloodcurdling news of the slaughter of European Jews."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Chelmno_Gas_Van.jpg/250px-Chelmno_Gas_Van.jpg
A gas van used at the Chelmno, Poland extermination camp.

...in 1980, Ted Turner launched the Cable News Network (CNN) the first 24 hour all-news all-the-time station. At the time, the three major purveyors of television news were ABC, NBC and CBS with 30 minute newscasts each evening. Derided by competitors as Chicken Noodle News, CNN started to gain traction during the Gulf War with live broadcasts from Bahgdad as the shooting war began. Today, CNN is beamed into 89 million American homes and over 160 million internationally with only the Fox News Network as a substantial competitor.

...in 1949, the "...ah...wunnerful, wunnerful" Lawrence Welk band began a two year gig on the radio program High Life Review, begining a long relationship between Welk and broadcasting. To this day, Lawrence Welk is the target of lampoons and complaints of his overly-sweet style and corny presentation, but his television program ran on network television for 16 years with high ratings every week. He also launched the careers of many successful musicians, including Pete Fountain. Welk was born in Strasburg, North Dakota and grew up on a farm speaking German. He spoke English with a strong accent all of his life. In fourth grade, he mail-ordered an accordian and began playing for weddings and barn dances. By his early 20s, he was leading polka bands and making radio appearances. In 1939, he wrote the tune that would become his theme song, Bubbles in the Wine. It became a hit as did about 20 other Welk tunes, his last hit being Calcutta in 1961. His Saturday night television show started in Los Angeles in 1951 and proved so popular that ABC picked in up in 1955. When ABC canceled his Saturday night show inn 1971, he put it into syndication and it ran for another 11 years. Of course, it lives on forever on PBS now. He died in 1992.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/82/MisterChampagneMaestro.jpg/300px-MisterChampagneMaestro.jpg
Lawrence Welk (1093-1992)

That's it. That's all we know as of 5:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 63 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1935, The Sultan of Swat hung up his cleats after 22 spectacular seasons as a major leaguer, in fact, one of the best to ever play the game. George Herman Ruth was born on February 6, 1895, in Baltimore, Maryland. His family was quite poor, but he attended St. Mary's Industrial School for Boys. There, he learned to play baseball and he was an outstanding athlete, a natural baseballer. At the age of 19, he was signed by the Baltimore Orioles which, at that time, was a minor league affiliate with the Boston Red Sox. His Oriole teammates and the media started to call him "Babe" as an extension of owner Jack Dunn's newest babe - and the name stuck. Babe Ruth made his major league debut with the Red Sox in 1914 as a left handed pitcher. He was a good one, winning 89 games for the Red Sox before he was sold to the Yankees in 1920. It was said he cursed the Red Sox because they never won another pennant until 2004. For the Yankees, he became an outfielder because his hitting was even better than his pitching. He hit 714 home runs, a record that stood until 1974 when Hank Aaron hit his 715th. Ruth's record of 60 home runs in a season stood until Roger Maris broke the record in 1961. He attracted so many fans that when Yankee Stadium was built in 1923, it was known as "The House that Ruth Built." Babe Ruth died of throat cancer on August 16, 1948 at the age of 53. His body laid in state at Yankee Stadium for two days where it was visited by over 100,000 fans.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Babe_Ruth_George_Bush.jpg/454px-Babe_Ruth_George_Bush.jpg
Babe Ruth with future president, George Herbert Walker Bush,
captain of the Yale baseball team. Mr. Ruth donated the manuscript
of his autobiography to Yale. The presentation was made shortly before
his death.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a7/2Ruth1948April.jpg/200px-2Ruth1948April.jpg
Babe Ruth's last public appearance was
June 13, 1948 at Yankee Stadium. This
photo won the Pulitzer Prize for Nat Fein.

...in 1865, the end of the Civil War was marked by the surrender of Confederate General Edmund Kirby Smith, commander of all Cofederate forces west of the Mississippi River. With the surrender, the last Confederate army ceased to exist. From April 12, 1861 until June 2, 1865 the war between the states killed over 620,000 Americans, both Union and Confederate soldiers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Edmund_Kirby_Smith.jpg/180px-Edmund_Kirby_Smith.jpg
Confederate General Edmund Kirby Smith (1824-1893)

...in 1944, the Fifteenth Air Force launched Operation Frantic, a unique "shuttle bombing" technique, designed to cripple the German industrial output in Silesia, Hungary and Romania and to answer Joseph Stalin's pleas for assistance for the Red Army. The Fifteenth was based in Foggia and other bases in southern Italy. It was impossible to reach the targets and return to southern Italy without refueling, so the shuttle bombing technique was designed by the commander, General Karl Spaatz, a WWI fighter pilot. The bombers took off from southern Italy, made their runs then landed in Poltavia, in the Soviet Union. Six missions were flown in what had been called Operation Frantic Joe, in honor of Joseph Stalin's frantic pleas for help. "Joe" was dropped from the name to avoid insulting the Soviet leader.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/f0ae384b.jpg
Bombs Away! The bombs in the foreground are from aircraft at higher altitudes. There
were numerous reports of aircraft being struck by bombs from other planes in the
formations. When there 1,000 bombers or more in a formation, it, took more than one hour
for the group to pass a given point.

...in 1944, bad weather forced the postponement of the D-Day invasion from June 4 to June 5. German General Karl von Rundstedt intercepted an Allied radio signal relating the June 4 date being out. He assumed that the Allies needed four straight days of good weather to pull off the invasion. Because there was no 4-day break in sight, General von Runstedt assumed there would be no invasion in the first week of June. (After the invasion, von Runstedt urged Hitler to negotiate a peace with the Allies and was rewarded by being demoted.)

...in 1886, President Grover Cleveland was married - the first sitting president to marry in the White House. He entered the presidency as a bachelor, but when he left as a married man, he was also the father of two. Frances Folsom was 21 years old, 27 years his junior and there is even more intrigue to the story, but you're going to have to find it on your own.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/President_cleveland_wedding.png/180px-President_cleveland_wedding.png
The first marriage in the White House
of a sitting president, June 2, 1886.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 49 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1940, the Nazis bombed Paris. The plan was to wreck the French economy and terrorize the French population. The Nazis either did not take into consideration that Paris was full of civilians, of they didn't care. 254 people, mostly civilians and schoolchildren, were killed in the raid. The raid succeeded in creating terror, government officials couldn't run fast enough. Shortly afterward, France fell to Nazi occupation.

...in 1800, President John Adams, second POTUS, became the first president to take up residence in Washington, District of Columbia, the new capital. He lived at Union Tavern in Georgetown while the the White House, still under construction since 1792, was finished enough to move in. (He moved in on November 1, Abigail joined him soon after.) The Capitol opened on November 17. Both buildings would be set on fire by the British in 1814, during the War of 1812, the Capitol survived but the White House was destroyed. The White House was rebuilt and reopened in the 1820s, much the same as it is today.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Johnadamsvp.flipped.jpg/225px-Johnadamsvp.flipped.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Abigail_Adams.jpg/200px-Abigail_Adams.jpg
John and Abigail Adams


...in 1965, Major Ed White became the first American to "Walk in space." Once again, the first person to perform an EVA (Extravehicular Activity) was Russian Cosmonaut Aleksei A. Leonov who walked in space on March 18. White, on this date, was tethered with a 25-foot cable and he used a hand-held oxygen gun for propulsion. The walk was part of Gemini 4. Project Gemini was the next step toward the moon after Mercury. The Gemini capsule was manned by two astronauts and was designed to practice, and perfect, rendezvous and docking techniques and to learn long term effects of space travel on the human body. Ed White's walk in space was a big deal and was widely applauded by Americans.

http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/60129main_image_feature_182_jw4.jpg
Edward White II made a 23 minute space walk that
just wasn't long enough. His hand-held propulsion system
ran out of fuel minutes after he left the Gemini capsule, so he
pulled himself around on the tether. He reported that the order to
"return to the capsule" was the saddest moment of his life.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Apollo1-EdWhite.jpg/200px-Apollo1-EdWhite.jpg
Major Edward Higgins White II (1930-1967)
He was America's first astronaut to walk in space and
died tragically in the fire that consumed Apollo 1 during a
training exercise, along with crewmates Gus Grissom
and Roger Chaffee.

...in 1967, Aretha Franklin hit the Number 1 spot on the Billboard chart with Respect. She quickly followed with Chain of Fools and A Natural Woman. Franklin was the daughter of a Detroit minister and grew up singing gospel. She signed with Columbia Records but they had her singing show tunes. When she switched to Atlantic Records, she went back to her roots and started to sing gospel-influenced blues, which was called soul. She became one of the leaders of the industry and is known as "The Queen of Soul."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Arethafranklin.jpg/220px-Arethafranklin.jpg
Aretha Franklin, the
Queen of Soul in 2007.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 52 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1940, the evacuation of Allied forces from Dunkirk, Belgium came to an end as German forces captured the beach. The evacuation took nine days and was unparalleled in history as nearly 340,000 Allied troops were successfully snatched to safety and kept out of German hands. On May 10, the Germans launched the Blitzkrieg against the west, sweeping through Belgium, Holland and Luxembourg. The Allies were out-manned, out-gunned and soon out-flanked by the German Wermacht. On May 12, they penetrated France and on May 15, the Dutch surrendered. The Germans continued to sweep across Europe and the Allies were soon surrounded. By May 19, Lord John Gort was trying to figure out how to withdraw the British Expeditionary Force by sea. Hermann Goering (the head of the Luftwaffe) assured Hitler that his forces could destroy the Allied forces at Dunkirk, so Hitler ordered his troops back for safety. On May 26, the the British started Operation Dynamo to withdraw the BEF. The British Admiralty realized they did not have enough vessels and called on British citizens to come to Dunkirk and take as many Allied soldiers as possible back across the channel to England. Anything that floated braved mines, bombs and torpedoes to evacuate the troops, pleasure craft, fishing boats, lifeboats, anything went to Dunkirk. The RAF successfully kept the Luftwaffe at bay during the process. Almost 200,000 British troops made it to safety as did 140,000 French troops. All the heavy military equipment was left behind as were about 50,000 troops who were taken prisoner and not well treated. Those who survived a brutal march were used as forced labor in Germany for the duration. After the Germans captured Dunkirk on June 4, there was nothing in the way to stop Germany from running over Europe. On June 14, Paris fell and while the French leaders escaped, the Germans set up the puppet Vichy government of France. The shadow of tyranny would be cast over Europe until June 6, 1944, but that's a story for two days from now.

http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/images/dunkirk3.jpg
Small boats towed on the Thames on
their way to Dunkirk. They would be used
to ferry troops from the beach to the larger
ships in the channel.

http://www.rania.co.uk/dunkirk/images/dunkirk1.jpg
Anything that floated was used to evacuate troops
from the beach to the larger ships. The British
were cheered by the success of Dunkirk and it
took a reminder from Winston Churchill that wars
are not won by withdrawals. Still, the phrase
"Dunkirk spirit" still refers to the solidarity of the
British people in the face of adversity.

...in 1942, the most decisive battle of the Pacific Theater of World War II, the Battle of Midway, began. The four-day battle featured the out-numbered and out-gunned United States Pacific Fleet against the Japanese navy, still glowing from their defeat over the United States at Pearl Harbor. It would prove to be the turning point of the war and sealed the eventual doom of the Empire of Japan. The U.S. Navy sunk four Japanese aircraft carriers and lost only one, the Yorktown.

Admiral Isoruku Yamamoto planned a strategy to destroy the United States fleet by luring the remaining carriers into a trap, their destruction would guarantee the Japanese fleet unfettered control of the Pacific. Unknown to Yamamoto, however, was that the Americans had broken the Japanese code months prior and knew the entire plan, also allowing the Americans to spring a surprise of their own.

The U.S. Navy surprised the Japanese fleet 200 miles to the northeast of Midway, sinking three heavy carriers and a heavy cruiser. The carrier Hiryu launched all of its aircraft against the Americans and damaged the Yorktown enough to force abandonment. Meanwhile, dive bombers launched by the Enterprise returned the favor and damaged the Hiryu enough to force the Japanese to scuttle her the next morning. When the smoke cleared four days later, the Japanese had lost four carriers, a cruiser, 292 aircraft and an estimated 2,500 casualties. The battle brought parity to the two navies. In August 1942, the Americans began their counteroffensive at Guadalcanal and continued it to Japan's surrender in 1945.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Midway_Atoll.jpg/180px-Midway_Atoll.jpg
All this over this atoll in the Pacific,
but a very strategic atoll at that.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/SBDs_and_Mikuma.jpg/300px-SBDs_and_Mikuma.jpg
American SBD-3 dive bombers attacking the Japanese
cruiser Mikuma for the third time.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/G13065_USS_Yorktown_Pearl_Harbor_May_1942.jpg/180px-G13065_USS_Yorktown_Pearl_Harbor_May_1942.jpg
The USS Yorktown at Pearl Harbor just
before the Battle of Midway.

...in 1947, George Seaton's beloved classic film Miracle on 34th Street opened. Eight year old Natalie Wood made an enchanting performance as Susan Walker. Edmund Gwenn forever defined the character of Kris Kringle. The charming film has been remade four times as a movie, none are remembered like the original is. In 1948, Lux Radio Theater broadcast an abridged version of the story as a radio drama. There was also a 1963 Broadway musical by Meredith Wilson called Here's Love that ran for 334 performances at the Schubert Theater. It has since been retitled It's Beginning to Look a Lot Like Christmas and includes the 1951 song, of the same name, that was also written by Meredith Wilson. (Wilson is best remembered for The Music Man.)

Natalie Wood grew up from being a cute child star to a stunning beauty and successfully made the difficult transition from successful child star to adult stardom in such movies as Rebel Without a Cause, Splendor in the Grass, West Side Story, Gypsy, Sex and the Single Girl, Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice, and The Great Race. Her last film, Brainstorm, was released posthumously in 1983. She drowned in a boating accident off Catalina Island before production ended and the film required a story rewrite in order to work around the scenes that were never shot.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Natalie_Wood_in_Gypsy_trailer_1.jpg/220px-Natalie_Wood_in_Gypsy_trailer_1.jpg
Natalia Zacharenko, aka Natalie Wood (1938-1981)
This still is taken from her 1962 film Gypsy.

...in 1896, Henry Ford took to the streets of Detroit in his first automobile, the Quadracycle. It was a steel frame with an engine and four bicycle wheels that were driven by a chain. There wasn't a body, per se, there was a padded box for a seat and a wooden dash that had a bell and a light. On the back of the seat, there is a plaque that reads, "U.S. & FOREIGN PATENTS PENDING ON THE WORKING PART & DESIGN OF THIS MACHINE."

http://www.hfmgv.org/exhibits/showroom/1896/490b.jpg
In 1905, this photo of Henry Ford driving the Quadricycle was used
as evidence in the Selden Patent case.

http://www.hfmgv.org/exhibits/showroom/1896/hfquadb.jpg
In 1946, for the 50th Anniversary of the Quadricycle, elderly Henry Ford
posed with his first car. He died in 1947.

http://www.hfmgv.org/exhibits/showroom/1896/quadsm2.jpg
The Quadricycle today, part of the collection of The Henry Ford Museum
and Greenfield Village.

...in 1919, Congress passed the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, guaranteeing women the right to vote. The amendment was subsequently sent to the states for ratification. The women's suffrage movement had started much earlier, in fact, Abagail Adams was outspoken about women's rights but there was no formal movement until Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton formed the National Women Suffrage Association in 1869. While they worked at the federal level, Lucy Stone's American Women Suffrage Association worked at the state level. In 1890, the two groups merged National American Women Suffrage Association and Wyoming became the first state to enfranchise the women's vote. Their work culminated in the passage of the 19th Amendment. On August 18, 1920, Tennessee became the needed 36th state to ratify the amendment, making it the law of the land.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton_and_Susan_B._Anthony.jpg/180px-Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton_and_Susan_B._Anthony.jpg
Elizabeth Cady Staton (seated)
with Sudan B. Anthony.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 38 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1933, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt took the United States off the gold standard. It was a monetary system in which all paper currency is backed by gold. The country went on the gold standard in 1879 putting all the country's gold reserves into Fort Knox. During the height (or depths, I suppose) of the Great Depression, people were terrified of losing their money in failing banks and began exchanging their paper currency for gold and hoarding it. By increasing the gold supply, the treasury might have also triggered inflation and this move was to try to prevent that inflation. Also, by removing the standard, it became illegal for Americans to own gold bullion or currency, and all gold coins and gold certificates were to be turned in to the government. In 1974, President Gerald Ford signed legislation that again permitted Americans to own gold bullion.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/USA-1932-Coin-10.jpg/800px-USA-1932-Coin-10.jpg
This $10 Eagle coin was made illegal in 1933. The Eagle is the base-unit of
the gold coin standard in the United States. A $10 Eagle in 1800 would be the
equivalent of over $125 today.

...in 2004, the 40th President of the United States, Ronald Wilson Reagan, passed away after a long struggle with Alzheimer's Disease. He was a well known and popular actor before becoming Governor of California and running for president. He was born in Illinois and raised in Dixon, Illinois where he was an outstanding student and athlete. He attended Eureka College on a scholarship, where he played football and also acted. He was a participant in school politics, serving as student council president. At the time, he was a Democrat. After graduation, he worked in radio for five years, including a stint as a sports broadcaster, recreating baseball games from a ticker-tape feed. He was screen tested by Warner Bros. and in a twenty year movie career, he made over 50 movies. His most memorable role was that of Notre Dame star, George Gipp, from which he acquired the nickname "The Gipper" from his character's nickname. During World War II, he served in the army special unit, making films. It was at that time that he began his switch from the left to the right. "I didn't leave the Democrat Party," he once said about becoming a Republican. "The Democrat Party left me." He settled the country down after the financially turbulent 1970's, ended the Iranian hostage crisis and completed a task none of the previous six POTUS had been able to do, bring the Cold War to an end and watch the collapse of the Soviet Union. When he was diagnosed with Alzheimer's in 1994, he wrote an open letter to the American public in which he said, “I now begin the journey that will lead me into the sunset of my life. I know that for America there will always be a bright dawn ahead.” He is buried at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, California.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981.jpg/219px-Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981.jpg
Ronald Wilson Reagan (1911-2004)
To paraphrase Archie Bunker, "Mister,
We could use a man like Ronald Reagan again."

...in 1951, a removable roof panel for automobiles, that would later be called the "T-Top" was patented by Gordon M. Buehrig. His boyhood dream was to design automobiles, and at the age of 17, he took a job at Chicago's Yellow Cab Company to be around the wide variety of cars. That worked until the company found out he was underage. He was directed to take drafting, art and wood and metal shop which he pursued at Bradley Polytechnic before heading to Detroit for an apprenticeship, which he found at Packard. He left Packard to work with Harley Earl at GM but was frustrated with what the engineering department did to Earl's designs. He left for Duesenburg where his crowning achievement was the 1936 Cord 810, the "coffin nose" Cord that was judged, in 1951, as one of eight of the outstanding contributions to automobile art by the Museum of Modern Art. Buehrig was the one who designed running boards off of cars, although Harley Earl got the credit for it. Later in his career, he worked at Ford and designed the 1949 hardtop that would soon be copied by every other company, including Earl at GM.

http://www.tomstrongman.com/ClassicCars/PaulBryant810/Images/15Cord810.jpg
1936 Cord 810 Convertible Coupe, owned and
restored by Paul Brayant of Kansas City.

...in 1968, at 12:50 AM after completing a speech in celebration of his victory in the California Democrat presidential primary, Robert F. Kennedy was shot in a hail of gunfire at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles. Palestinian Sirhan Sirhan had the smoking .22 murser weapon wrested from his hand and he was promptly arrested. Kennedy was rushed to the hospital where he died about 24 hours later, on June 6. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, which is where his older brother, President John F. Kennedy had been buried after his assassination on November 22, 1963. After his death, President Lyndon Johnson withdrew from the race, and Minnesota Senator Hubert H. Humphrey eventually became the Democrat candidate. Humphrey was crushed in the 1968 election by Richard M. Nixon. (Nixon carried 32 states, 3rd party candidate George Wallace carried 5 states and Humphrey took 13 states.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Robert_F._Kennedy_1964.jpeg/225px-Robert_F._Kennedy_1964.jpeg
Robert Francis Kennedy (1925-1968) was the
younger brother of President John F. Kennedy and
served in the Kennedy Administration as Attorney
General. He was a Senator from New York at the
time of his assassination by Sirhan Sirhan, who is a
lifetime guest of the California Dept. of Corrections.

...in 1944, the Allies began preliminary activities that would lead into the largest amphibious landing in the history of the world. The invasion of France had been postponed from May because of weather, rescheduled for June 4, also postponed because of weather. (Weather made the invasion impossible in May. The next possible window for the invasion was early June.) On this day, General Dwight D. Eisenhower said that June 6 was a go.

The Germans knew an invasion was inevitable, but when, and where, was speculation. Field Marshal Karl Rundstedt believed the invasion would come across the narrowest width of the channel between Dieppe and Calais. Hitler, and Field Marshal Erwin Rommel believed the invasion would come at Normandy. Rommel feared the Allies would have air superiority so his strategy was to stop the invasion on the beach. He constructed underwater obstructions, minefields and placed heavy artillery on the tops of the bluffs overlooking the beaches.

The Germans were convinced that an invasion could not happen on June 6th, bad weather had grounded the Luftwaffe and the Germans assumed the same was true on the other side of the channel. But late on the night of June 5, more than 1,000 British bombers unleashed a massive assault on German defenses up and down the French coast. Dummy paratroopers were dropped as a diversion and radar-jamming broadcasts were made to make it appear that an invasion was already on the move. An entire German division was relocated six miles away from Normandy to defend against an army of paradummies and a navy of false radar echoes. Operation Overlord, the invasion of France, would begin a few hours later.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Rupert-02-800.jpg/516px-Rupert-02-800.jpg
Rupert, the British Paradummy, was used
in Operation Titanic as a diversion to confuse
German defenders in Normandy.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 29 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1949, George Orwell's grim prediction of life under an intrusive government was published. Nienteen Eighty-four featured an oppressive bureaucracy where all citizens are closely watched via a two-way television called a Telescreen and personal freedoms are taken away. It was a chilling prediction and followed his barnyard fable, Animal Farm where the foibles of a eglatarian and socialist society become clear. Even though Orwell political views were left leaning, the far left obviously scared him enough to pen the two grim novels. Orwell's novel has a great influence in the lexicon. "Newspeak" was the obfuscatory language of "Big Brother" designed to discourage free thought and to change word meanings. The term "Orwellian" refers to such obfuscatory or controlling government activities. (Perhaps, as in changing "acts of terrorism" to "man-caused disasters"?)

...in 1932, Congress levied an excise tax on gasoline along with several other consumer goods, as part of the Revenue Act of 1932. The 1¢ per gallon tax has grown to 18.4¢, not to mention, whatever state taxes are also added to the price of gasoline. The next time someone whines about the excessive profits made by the oil companies, point out to them that the biggest profits on a gallon of gasoline is the federal excise tax.While you're at it, also inform them that the government is talking about increasing that tax by as much as 40¢ per gallon!

http://wave.images.worldnow.com/images/10481738_BG1.jpg
Where does most of that money in your tank go? Big
oil? Mideastern interests? Oil tycoons?
How about the government?

...in 1933, the first drive-in theater opened in Camden, NJ. It was the brainchild of Richard Hollingshead, who experimented in his backyard with a projector, a screen nailed to a tree and cars borrowed from neighbors. He filed for a patent, which he received, and opened his drive-in on this date. While a Delaware court would overturn his patent 17 years later, the seed was planted and soon drive-in theaters grew into drive-in anythings. The peak of drive-in theaters was in the 1950s but by the 1970s, changing tastes, coupled with rising land values and unhappy neighbors, drive-ins began to lose their appeal. Very few remain today.

http://z.about.com/d/inventors/1/0/0/4/drivein.jpg

...in 1944, the largest amphibious assault in the history of the world took place along the beaches of Normandy, France. D-Day was the culmination of two years of planning. In order for the invasion to work, it had to occur during a full moon, in order for night operations to be able to see landmarks for navigation AND it had to occur at high tide in order to allow naval operations to float above the obstacles placed underwater by the German defenses. In addition, the operation had to take place in the more favorable weather conditions. These three factors made very small windows of opportunity. On June 4, the weather was not favorable, low clouds made air operations impossible and ships had to take shelter in the south of Britain. On June 5, it appeared the entire invasion would have to be postponed until early July, the next best window of opportunity. General Eisenhower's chief meteorologist, Captain J.M. Stagg, predicted a brief improvement in the weather on June 6. On the strength of Capt. Stagg's prediction, it was a go for June 6!

http://www.dday-overlord.com/img/para/us/parachutages_americains.jpg

In the early morning hours of June 6, Operation Neptune began, with paratroopers landing behind enemy lines, others landed in gliders. Their task was to take and hold strategic bridges and causeways over lands flooded by the Germans. The plan was to hold these strategic places so landing troops could rapidly progress into German territory. Many paratroopers missed their target landings and there was a general disarray of action in the area.

http://www.dday-overlord.com/img/dday/ob/omaha_beach_debarquement_garde_cotes.jpg

The first landings began at 6:36 AM. The tide was low which allowed the landing craft pilots to see the mines placed by the Germans but it also meant the troops had to wade through 500 yards of open area with no shelter from German fire. The Germans waited to fire, so not to reveal their positions, but as soon as the first landing craft hit the beach, the Germans opened fire. It is estimated that the first wave suffered 90% casualties on Omaha Beach.

http://www.dday-overlord.com/img/dday/ob/omaha_beach_debarquement_equipements.jpg
Almost anything that could float was used to haul men and materiel to the Normandy beaches.

At the close of June 6, midnight, more than 156,000 Allied soldiers had taken part in the invasion, 132,000 had landed on the beaches. 73,000 of them were British, 59,000 were Americans and 21,400 Canadians landed on Juno Beach. More than 10,500 Allied casualties were reported (killed, wounded, captured or missing in action.) It is estimated that the Germans suffered over 10,000 casualties.

For more about this stunning piece of history, you might want to visit DDay-Overlord (http://www.dday-overlord.com/eng/index.htm) website or the American D-Day (http://www.americandday.org/) website. There are hundreds more resources out there.

One of the most critically acclaimed movies about the invasion is The Longest Day although, in recent times, Saving Private Ryan has been acclaimed for the most realistic dramatization of the invasion itself. Remember that Saving Private Ryan is historical fiction while The Longest Day was made from memoirs of the men who fought there. (The title of the book and subsequent movie, The Longest Day, was a quote from Field Marshal Erwin Rommel who said, at midnight, that it was the end of the longest day for both sides.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 40 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1942, the Japanese army occupied American territory in one of the least-known oddities of World War II. On this date, Japanese soldiers took Attu and Kiska Islands in the Aleutian Islands. The Japanese were still smarting from their rather decisive loss at Midway Island, but still managed to expand their defensive perimeter by taking the two islands that are a part of Alaska. (Some historians believe this was a diversion to lure the US Navy into a trap at Midway, but other historians believe this was a deliberate attack to expand the Japanese perimeter.) The Japanese killed the 25 Americans who were defending the island of Attu, then interred the few indigenous inhabitants. They did the same at Kiska, although there was no natural population as Kiska. One year later, the Americans would retake the islands, killing most of the 2,300 Japanese soldiers on the island and suffering over 1,400 casualties. The airfield was used as a base for American bombers to harass the northern reaches of the Japanese home islands, just at the very end of the bombers' range. The bombing runs from the Aleutians did little more than to annoy the Japanese rather than inflict any great damage, but it did reinforce the fact, to the citizens of Japan, that their home was no longer invincible. (Charlton Heston was station at the air base here, where he was a radio operator on a B-25 crew. Can you imagine other B-25s hearing the voice of God over the airwaves?)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Hauling_supplies_on_Attu.jpg/300px-Hauling_supplies_on_Attu.jpg
American troops haul supplies during the
battle to retake the islands. Note the snow -
this photo was taken in May 1943.

...in 1954, a design team began work on a new line of automobiles for Ford Motor Company. The new product was designed to fit into the market niche covered by GM's Oldsmobile and Buick lines, an area that officials at Ford thought was a gap between the Mercury and Lincoln lines. In the mid 1950s, the American auto market was demanding highly stylized vehicles, with lots of power, chrome and accessories. Ford was riding high, the Thunderbird was far outselling the Corvette and the Ford full-size line was outselling the Chevrolet. The new car was given a marque to honor Henry Ford's only child, Edsel Ford. Edsel's son, Henry II, at first did not want his father's name used but relented because he thought his father deserved a tribute. (Edsel Ford was a styling wiz although he and his father seldom saw eye-to-eye on business practices. He died in 1943.) Unfortunately, the economy went into a slide between the time the design go-ahead was given and when the car was released. It never lived up to its expectations and the repsonse to the radical design was cool, at best. By 1960, the program was scrapped at a loss of $250 million to Ford Motor Company. While the Edsel is often held up as an example of a colossal failure, history has been more kind. The Edsel's radical design is actually appreciated today as a great example of 1950s styling and it is generally treated as a victim of an unfortunate series of circumstances.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2a/Edsel_500px.jpg/300px-Edsel_500px.jpg
A 1959 Corsair shows that the "horse collar"
grill was softened from the 1958 Edsel but was
still quite prominant.

http://www.vector11.com/edselcom/unlimited/60E-002.jpg
The "horse collar" grille was softened even more in 1960,
too late to save the marque, but a very similar grill design was
adopted over at GM into the 1960's Pontiac lineup that stayed
for many years.

...in 1966, Ronald Reagan became governor of California. His political talents became apparent as president of the Screen Actor's Guild from 1947 to 1952. He served two terms as governor from 1966 to 1975 during the tumultuous days of protests over the war in Viet Nam.

http://www.californiagovernors.ca.gov/images/portraits/1024x768/rreagan.jpg
Governor Ronald Reagan (1966-1975) has
the distinction of being the only governor of
California to ever be elected as President of the
United States.

...in 1692, an earthquake in Jamaica destroyed the town of Port Royal, killing thousands. Port Royal was built on a island overlooking Kingston. Many buildings and homes for the 6,500 inhabitants of Port Royal were built right over the water, but as it turns out, it didn't really matter since the island is not based on bedrock. The earthquake turned the soil to a muddy liquid and most buildings just sank into it. A 40 foot tsunami followed the quake and carried the HMS Swan inland, where it settled on top of a building. Some critics said that Port Royal got its come-uppance in a Sodam and Gemorrah type of Armageddon. It was a haven for pirates and was known worldwide as a center of debauchery. It was described as the most wicked and sinful city in the western hemisphere and the lewdest city in the Christian world. Port Royal was abandoned and Kingston was rebuilt instead, and Kingston remains the largest city in Jamaica. Port Royal became known as "The City that Sank" and today is under about 25' of water. It is one of the most significant archaeology sites in the western hemisphere, yielding artifacts of the 16th and 17th centuries. The "digs" are closely controlled and are being performed by multiple teams of divers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pirate_Flag_of_Rack_Rackham.svg/150px-Pirate_Flag_of_Rack_Rackham.svg.png
Arrrrrgh, welcome ta
Port Royal, maties!

...in 1866, Chief Seathl of the Duwamish and Suquamish tribes, passed away in a village near to the city that bears his name. (Seattle.) The site was chosen by Euro-American settlers because of lush forrest on the hills overlooking the location. The gold rush in California created a huge demand for lumber, so a sawmill was built and residents began cutting trees and skidding them down a chute to the mill. The street became known as Skid Road for the chute and became Seattle's main street. In time, the business district moved north and the old main drag became a gathering place for drunks and bums. To this day, the run-down part of any city has become known as Skid Road, shortened to skid row. (I'm sure Chief Seathl and the residents of the city are proud of that heritage.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Chief_seattle.jpg/180px-Chief_seattle.jpg
Chief Seattle, the only known
photograph of him, circa 1865.

...in 1776, Richard Henry Lee of Virginia returned to the Continental Congress with a directive from the colony of Virginia to introduce a resolution of independence from Great Britain. The motion read, “That these United Colonies are, and of right out to be, free and independent States, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved; that measures should be immediately taken for procuring the assistance of foreign powers, and a Confederation be formed to bind the colonies more closely together.” John Adams of Massachusetts seconded the motion. As the debate began, it became obvious to proponents of independence that they could not count on New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland and South Carolina because their delegations did not have clear guidance on what their constituents wanted them to do. In order to create a delay on a vote, which would have meant certain defeat for the motion, Congress agreed to delay the vote while a declaration was written. An ad hoc committee was formed to write the declaration, the committee was comprised of Benjamin Franklin (Pennsylvania) John Adams (Massachusetts) Roger Sherman (Connecticut) Robert Livingston (New York) and Thomas Jefferson of Virginia. Since Jefferson was clearly the best writer of the bunch, it fell to him to write the draft. It was debated on July 1 and a vote was taken, and passed, on July 2. (That means America's Independence Day is actually July 2!) John Adams wrote in his memoirs that July 2 would forever be a day of celebration with pageantry, pomp and parades. He missed by two days, because the Declaration of Independence was adopted on July 4, 1776 and has traditionally become known as Independence Day.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Declaration_independence.jpg/600px-Declaration_independence.jpg
The Declaration Committee presents the draft to the John Hancock and
the Continental Congress. The committee, standing in the center, was
comprised of (L-R) John Adams, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston,
Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 52 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1944, General Omar Bradley (on the orders of General Dwight Eisenhower) linked up American troops, that had landed on Omaha Beach, with the British troops from Gold Beach at the Normandy town of Colleville-sur-Mer. Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin telegraphed Winston Churchill, to express his delight with the Allied landing at Normandy. Stalin had been begging for an invasion of France since the war started in order to force Germany to fight a two-front war. The second front was agreed upon at the Tehran Conference in 1943 and provided some relief to the Soviet Union. As agreed upon in Tehran, Stalin started a new offensive on the Russian front to prevent Germany from transferring troops from the east to the west.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/OmahaBeachFromNormandyCemetery.jpg
Omaha Beach today, as seen from the American cemetery
located at Colleville-sur-Mer, Normandy, France.

...in 1913, Sydney Smith, an assistant at Edinburgh University at the time, used forensic science to identify two murder victims and bring their killer to justice. Near the town of Winchburg, farmers had spotted a mass floating in the water of a quarry, it was two small bodies tied together. The bodies had been in the water for so long that no one was sure if they were human or animal remains. Smith noticed that the bodies had a build-up of adipocere, a hard fat (sometimes called "grave wax" or "mortuary wax") that takes months to develop in a body that is exposed to cold, damp areas and especially bodies in water. Smith determined that the bodies had been in the water 18 - 24 months. The adipocere had the side benefit of preserving the stomachs of the victims. Smith determined that the victims had eaten about an hour before they died, and that they had eaten seasonal vegetables, allowing Smith to place time of death near the end of 1911. A label in one shirt showed it came from a poorhouse in Dysart. Provided with this information, police officials found that two boys had been placed by their father, Patrick Higgins, into the poorhouse in 1910. When Higgins didn't pay the fees, he was jailed himself. Higgins eventually pulled the boys from the poorhouse but they had not been seen since November 1911. The forensic evidence that Sydney Smith collected convicted Higgins of murder and on October 2, 1913, he was hanged. Dr. Smith's autobiography, Mostly Murder was published in 1959 and has been republished several times.

http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51iMBoAQV7L._SS500_.jpg

...in 1966, the intense rivalry between the National Football League and the upstart American Football League ended as the leagues announced that they were merging. They also announced that after the end of the 1966 season, the two league champions would meet in an AFL-NFL Championship Game. It would not be called the Superbowl for four years, and it would take those four years for the two leagues to fully merge operations and regular season schedules. The NFL had established itself as a viable entertainment commodity by the late 1950's. There was a list of businessmen in prominent cities who wished to buy franchises, but the NFL arrogantly turned them down. Lamar Hunt, son of a wealthy oil tycoon, recruited seven more businessmen and started their own football league. The NFL immediately expanded into two cities that were designated for AFL franchises, Hunt's hometown of Dallas and Minneapolis. The AFL moved their Minneapolis franchise to Oakland and two years later, Hunt would move his Dallas Texans to Kansas City to become the Chiefs. The rest of the AFL cities were Buffalo, New York, Los Angeles, Boston, Denver and Houston. In 1965, the AFL landed a contract with NBC and in 1966, the New York Jets signed Joe Namath out of Alabama. Both leagues knew they could not survive a bidding war for talent, so a merger was the best solution. The AFL became the American Football Conference and the NFL became the National Football Conference. The teams in Pittsburgh, Baltimore and Cleveland moved to the AFC to balance the schedule. Ironically, only Pittsburgh remains, Baltimore moved to Indianapolis and Cleveland moved to Baltimore. (The first four AFL-NFL championship games, before they were called the Superbowl, were won by the NFL Packers (over the Chiefs and Raiders) AFL Jets (over the Colts) and AFL Chiefs (over the Vikings.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/National_Football_League_2008.svg/150px-National_Football_League_2008.svg.pnghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/44/AmericanFootballLeague.png/150px-AmericanFootballLeague.png

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Check this posting today, instead of hovering and moving on! ;) There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 39 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 2008, the first Morning Update with a history report appeared. It seemed, at the time, that the morning updates needed something for Cheffers to read besides, "Nothing new." The first history review was rather sparse, but in time, the history review grew to take on a life of its own. There were no more reports until June 13, and there has been one every day since.

On this day...in 1870, Charles Dickens died in London, of a stroke. He was only 58.

On this day...in 1973, Secretariat ran away with the Belmont Stakes to become the first winner of the Triple Crown since Citation in 1948.

On this day...in 1934, Donald Duck made his screen debut in a Disney short called The Wise Little Hen.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post. http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298


...in 1870, Charles Dickens died in London, of a stroke. He was only 58. Dickens novels, even over 200 years later, are so popular that they have never been out of print. Many of his novels were serialised in magazines, and he developed a perfect sense of cliffhangers to keep his readers waiting on edge for the next installment. Dickensian characters are some of the best known, and best beloved, in all of English literature. Who could ever forget such notables with names like Pip, Samuel Pickwick, Miss Haversham, Wackford Squeers, Uriah Heep, Oliver Twist or Ebeneezer Scrooge?

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Charles_Dickens_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13103.jpg/220px-Charles_Dickens_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13103.jpg
Charles John Huffam Dickens
(Feb 7, 1812 to June 9, 1870)

...in 1973, Secretariat ran away with the Belmont Stakes to become the first winner of the Triple Crown since Citation in 1948. Secretariat won the Kentucky Derby with a track record-setting time that had him finish ahead of Sham, who placed, by 2-1/2 lengths. Spectators at the Preakness are sure that Secretariat set a track record there, too, but the official time keeper said he was a couple of seconds off the record. At the Belmont Stakes, Secretariat was a 1-to-10 favorite to win and he did not disappoint, winning the race 31 lengths ahead of the horse that placed, My Gallant. After his death, it was found that Secretariat had a heart that weighed 22 pounds, about twice what a typical thoroughbred horse heart weighs.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Secretariat_the_belmont.jpg
Secretariat running away with the Belmont Stakes.

...in 1934, Donald Duck made his screen debut in a Disney short called The Wise Little Hen. He is best remembered for his gravely voice, provided by Clarence "Ducky" Nash unitl 1985. (He is now voiced by Tony Anselmo, who was specially trained by Nash to play the role.) Donald was in the army in WWII, playing in a series of propaganda cartoons. The best known of them was originally entitled Donald in Nutzi Land, which won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short in 1942. The song featured in the cartoon was Der Fuhrer's Face which was recorded by Spike Jones and became an instant hit. Disney renamed the cartoon Der Fuhrer's Face (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iumEGAUceDg) to take advantage of the song's popularity. After the war, Donald took the opposite side of the screwball comedy, being the victim of an annoying character rather than being the instigator. Later, he would star in educational films, my favorite was Donald in Mathmagic Land (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fks_6d1prC8). He is very popular around the world and remains, after Mickey Mouse, Walt Disney's most beloved character.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/07/Donald_Duck1.gif http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Der_Fuehrer%27s_Face.jpg/200px-Der_Fuehrer%27s_Face.jpg (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iumEGAUceDg)
Donald appeared in several propaganda films during WWII
including a gem called Der Fuhrer's Face in which he
shows an exaggerated view of Nazi Germany, called Nutzi Land
in the cartoon. (Click on the image to see the cartoon.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 30 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1752, Benjamin Franklin, with his son William, flew a kite in a thunderstorm, waiting for kite to be struck by lightning. When it did strike, Franklin collected a charge in a Leyden jar, proving that lightning and electricity are one in the same. Franklin had begun the study of electricity in the 1740s when little was known. Franklin advanced the science of electricity and he coined many terms still in use today, such as battery, conductor and electrician. Franklin also invented the lightning rod to protect buildings and ships. Franklin was a high achiever, because in addition to being a scientist, he was a writer, publisher, printer, and philosopher. He developed the post office, was the first postmaster general, built a library, an insurance company, a hospital and an academy that would later become the University of Pennsylvania. But more importantly, he was a statesman that signed the Declaration of Independence and sealed the deal that brought the French into the Revolutionary War, helping to defeat the British. He died in Philadelphia on April 1, 1790.

http://www.codecheck.com/cc/images/BenKiteExperiment.gif
Graphic by Paddy Morrissey, courtesy of
Code Check (http://www.codecheck.com/cc/BenAndTheKite.html).

...in 1935, in New York City, a New York broker and an Ohio physician founded Alcoholics Anonymous. They developed a 12-step program for rehabilitation of the countless number of people who cope with addiction to alcohol. The idea of AA is not just to help stop an addicted person from drinking, but to change the addictive personality that started them drinking in the first place. The same 12 step program has been adopted for use by many other organizations that deal with other addictions that lead to personal destruction. From the humble beginnings by Bill W. and Bob S., countless numbers of people have been helped by the AA program and its companion programs, Al Anon and Alateen. It is estimated that over two million members of AA belong to one of the 80,000 groups around the world.

...in 1692, the first execution for the practice of witchcraft was carried out in Salem Village of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Bridget Bishop was put to death by hanging. The trouble started in February 1692 when Elizabeth Purvis (nine years old) and Abigail Williams (11 years old) the daughter and niece of Reverend Samuel Purvis began suffering fits. The doctor diagnosed that the two were under the influence of a witch and were suffering from the effects of witchcraft. The girls corroborated his story and began to name names of witches in the colony. The trials were held in the special Court of Oyer and Terminer ("To hear and to decide") where sensational testimony convicted several innocent people of the crime of witchcraft. In October, Governor William Phipps of Massachusetts ordered the Court of Oyer and Terminer disbanded and replaced by a more civil court. The executions ceases and those awaiting trial were released - but not before 19 innocents were convicted and excuted. (For more about this fascinating chapter of American History, visit the University of Missouri Kansas City Law School archives ("http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/salem.htm), where there is an extensive web site about the witch hunt.)

http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/SAL_HANG.JPG
The hanging of Bridget Bishop.

...in 2002, Clint Messina of Lacombe, Louisiana was arrested and charged with attempted murder for driving into a patrol car while fleeing from deputies. While processing the arrest, police found out that Lacombe was already wanted. Stay tuned, you're gonna love this one. Lacombe, on March 27 at about 3:00 in the morning, Masinna and an associate, Rose Houk, stole a Krispy Kreme doughnuts delivery truck in Slidell, Louisiana. The Krispy Kreme man was making a delivery and the idiot left the engine running with the doors open. When he came out and found his doughnut truck missing, along with hundreds of doughnuts, well, who ya gonna call? Police initiated chase. Messina and Houk led police on a 15 mile chase with doughnuts flying out the back of the truck. (There is no truth that the doughnuts slowed or distracted to police.) Eventually, the two dough nuts fled the truck. Houk was immediately captured but Messina managed to escape. After his capture on June 10, Slidell police Lieutenant Rob Callahan said, "We're glad he's off the streets, but this unfortunately means we're going to have to stop staking out all the local doughnut shops looking for him." The doughnut caper was fodder for the late night comics for weeks, but Lt. Callahan added, "We all had a lot of fun with the doughnut truck incident, but this is a sobering reminder that police officers put their lives on the line whenever they initiate a pursuit."

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/DonutSquad.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 36 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1962, Frank Lee Morris, along with John and Clarence Anglin, made an attempt to escape from The Rock, as the Alcatraz Federal Prison was known. While they were never found, the fact that they were never heard from again reinforces belief that the three drowned in the cold water of San Francisco Bay. The story was written into a book called Escape From Alcatraz by J. Campbell Bruce that was made into a movie with Clint Eastwood. The three found a weakness in the design of the prison, along with a way to exploit it. The damp air had deteriorated the brick and mortar that comprised the cell block, and the three men used stolen tools to chip away at the wall around a ventilation vent. They made fake grills out of cardboard to fool the guards, and they made dummy heads, complete with hair salvaged from the barber shop, to fool the guards. On the given night, they put the dummies in their beds, climbed through the grills and replaced them with their cardboard grills, and went over the wall. They made their way out into the bay using life preservers made from stolen raincoats. They were never seen again, but a bag of personal belongings of Clarence Anglin was found floating in San Francisco Bay.

http://www.alcatrazhistory.com/c-anglin.jpg
Have you seen this man? Probably not. This is
Clarence Anglin, one of the three who went over the wall.

...in 1933, Jerome Sliberman was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He began acting for his mother when he was six years old. His first film roll was a bit part in Bonnie and Clyde but he got his break in 1968, after he changed his name to Gene Wilder and was given a starring role with the great Zero Mostel in Mel Brooks' The Producers. He went on to star with Richard Prior in Silver Streak and scored with Mel Brooks again in Blazing Saddles and Young Frankenstein. He was married to the late Gilda Radner, with whom he co-starred in The Lady in Red and to many, he will always be THE Willy Wonka.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/GeneWilderMay07.jpg/220px-GeneWilderMay07.jpg
Gene Wilder in 2007

...in 1979, John Wayne lost his decade-long battle with cancer. In four dacades, he appeared in 250 films.

...in 1963, a showdown in a battle of wills came to a peak when President John F. Kennedy ordered Alabama Governor George Wallace to desegregate Alabama schools. Wallace had vowed that he would stand in front of any school and personally block any American of African descent to try to enter that school. President Kennedy sent his younger brother, Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, to Alabama to negotiate with Wallace, but to no avail. On June 10, President Kennedy federalized the National Guard and deployed them to the University of Alabama to force desegregation. Wallace knew he was beaten and stepped aside. Vivian Malone and James A. Hood enrolled on this day in 1963.

...in 1950, Ben Hogan won the US Open golf tournament by beating Lloyd Mangum and George Fazio in an 18 hole playoff. The tournament was held at Merion Golf Club in Ardmore, Pennsylvania. At first glance, this seems like no big deal. It becomes far more interesting when you realize that on February 2, 1949, Hogan and his wife, Valarie, were involved in a head-on collision with a Greyhound Bus. Valarie escaped with minor injuries, but Hogan suffered a broken collarbone, ankle and ribs, and when a blood clot appeared in his leg, veins were tied off to keep the clot from getting to his heart. His legs atrophied and doctors said he would never walk again. He just ignored them and went on an aggressive rehabilitation regimen. Just 11 months later, Hogan played in the Los Angeles Open. Critics all said he'd only last a day or two and that his weak legs couldn't carry him four days. But after four days, he was tied for first and lost a playoff to Sam Snead. Six months later, he won the US Open. Ben Hogan became the second man (after Gene Sarazen) and therefore, one of only five men to win all four Grand Slam titles, the US Open, British Open, the PGA Championship and the Masters. (The other three are Gary Player, Jack Nicklaus and Tiger Woods.) Hogan is recognized as being one of the greatest golfers of all time. Hogan won 63 PGA tournaments, including 4 US Opens, 2 Masters, 2 PGA Championships and a British Open. That's some pretty rare air, especially for a man who was hit by a Greyhound Bus and not only lived to tell about it, but excelled at his game afterwards.

http://www.intotherough.co.uk/assets/_files/images/oct_08/itr__1223131783_ben_hogan_top_5_golfers.jpg
"Every day you miss practicing, it will take you
one day longer to get good." --Ben Hogan
You can learn more about this amazing man at
his company's website (http://www.benhogan.com/index.html).

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments. (Due to circumstances beyond my control, the update is a bit late...but here!)

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 57 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1987, President Ronald Reagan made a speech with the Brandenburg Gate as a backdrop, in which he made one of his most oft heard sound bites: "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall." In 1945, at the conclusion of World War II, Berlin was sliced into four areas of influence, with the French, British and French having the three areas in the western half of the city while the Russians took the eastern half of the city. In May 1949, the three western sections became the Federal Republic of Germany while the eastern section became the German Democratic Republic in October 1949. Over 2.5 million east Germans left East Germany, which was very much against the law, to flee to West Germany, seeking a less represive government. In light of the escapes, East Germany built the Berlin Wall to keep their citizens in. There were many creative crossings of the wall, including tunnels and interesting vehicles, far more than we have room to have here. On this date, President Reagan asked for Premier Gobachev to "...tear down this wall." The wall came down in November 1989 and the two halves of Germany were reunited on October 3, 1990.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/ReaganBerlinWall.jpg
"Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall."

...in 1994, Nicole Brown Simpson and Ron Goldman were brutally murdered outside Nicole's home in Brentwood, California. She was the ex-wife of O.J. Simpson who was later charged in the murder. The entire case, billed as the "Crime of the Century" but actually one of several, was full of bizarre twists and turns, including a slow speed chase that was watched across the country, Jay Leno's "Dancing Itos", a line of dancers all looking like presiding Judge Ito and wearing robes, and Simpson's "Dream Team" of lawyers. A just aquitted him but in a civil suit, Ron Goldman's family won a settlement of $33.5 million, of which very little has been paid.

...in 1939, the Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum was dedicated in Cooperstown, New York, in a ceremony that was presided over by Lee Frederick Andrews, grandson of Edward Clark who founded the Singer Sewing Machine Company in Cooperstown. The Clark family owned a hotel in Cooperstown and the idea of having the Hall of Fame in the hometown of Abner Doubleday seemed like a good way to attract tourists. (Doubleday is the legendary inventor of baseball, although many sources have disproved the legend.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Plaque_first.jpg/250px-Plaque_first.jpg
A pilgrimage to Cooperstown should be mandatory
for any true baseball fan.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 62 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1952, the Spencer Tracy-Katherine Hepburn film Pat & Mike premiered. (There was another premiere on this date, one of a slightly different and more personal nature. But you'd have to ask Mom about that. ;)).

...in 1927, a ticker-tape parade was held in New York CIty to welcome home Charles Lindburgh, after his historic solo flight in the Spirt of St. Louis.

...in 1944, the German Army launched a missile attack against London. 10 of the new V-1 rockets were launched but with mixed success. The V-1 was basically a jet propelled airplane without a pilot. It was guided by a magnetic compass and when it ran out of fuel, it would crash and deliver its payload. Guidance was not very good, and only one of the 10 caused fatalities. Five crashed on launch, one was lost over the channel and only four made it to England.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/V1Musee.jpg/800px-V1Musee.jpg
A German V-1 on display at the Musée de l'Armée in Paris.

...in 1966, the Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a man named Miranda, forcing us to have to listen to every cop on television reading the Miranda speech to crooks being arrested.

...in 2004, President George HW Bush celebrated his 80th birthday by making a parachute jump. President Bush was born on June 12, 1924.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_1S8g9P9UX3Y/SjNAqPaR1uI/AAAAAAAAEiw/DXFTk6LRAjM/s400/bush.jpg
President George H. W. Bush rides tandem with Army Sgt. Michael Elliott of the Army Golden Knights parachute team on his 85th birthday.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 47 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1777, the Second Continental Congress adopted the Stars and Stripes as the official flag of the United States, a bold move, considering that the United States was still a loosely knit group of English colonies that had not yet won their independence. In 1861, George Morris of Hartford, Connecticut proposed that a national day of recognition should be held on June 14, but the day did not catch on. But in 1885, a teacher at the Stony Hill School in Waubeka, Wisconsin, held what is recognized as the first observance of Flag Day.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/US_Flag_Day_poster_1917.jpg/382px-US_Flag_Day_poster_1917.jpg
Fly your flag with pride on this day!

...in 1885, Bernard J. Cigrand, a teacher at the Stony Hill School in Waubeka, Wisconsin, held what is recognized as the first observance of Flag Day. From then on, Cigrand began a one-man campaign to have Flag Day recognized as the birthday of the American Flag. He spoke to groups around the country and became president of the American Flag Day Association and later, the National Flag Day Society. He once said he gave 2,188 speeches promoting patriotism and the flag. It took until 1949 for President Harry Truman to sign Flag Day into law.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Stony_Hill_School_3Jun09.jpg/800px-Stony_Hill_School_3Jun09.jpg
Stony Hill School in Waubeka, Wisconsin, the birthplace of Flag Day.
The school has been restored and houses a bust of Bernard J. Cigrand, the
"Father of Flag Day."

...in 1998, Michael Jordan led the Chicago Bulls to their sixth NBA title. Is it just me, or does it seem really goofy to still be playing basketball in June?

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Jordan_by_Lipofsky_16577.jpg
Air Jordan at work.

...in 1951, the U.S. Census Bureau dedicated the Universal Automatic Computer, or UNIVAC, after installation by Remmington-Rand. (Yes, the same Remington-Rand that made typewriters, rifles and shavers.) It was developed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, the makers of what is generaly recognized as the first commercial computer, ENIAC. The UNIVAC was more like the Universal Vacuum Tube user, as it used thousands of vacuum tubes to perform just a few computations, and filled about four rooms.

(In reality, a computer was developed at Iowa State University in 1939, and during World War II, a computer called "Colossus" was developed in England for use at Bletchley Park by Alan Turing, based on a concept designed in 1938 by Polish Cipher Bureau cryptologist Marian Rejewski. It was known as the "cryptologic bomb," in Polish, "bomba kryptologiczna," prior to Poland being overrun by the Nazis.

(It became known as "bombe" and was used to decypher German codes. Bombe was so secret that after the war, it was dismantled and no one knew about it until decades later.)

Also in 1951, Dr. An Wang, at Wang Laboratories in Massachusetts, invented ferrite core memory, which he sold to IBM for $500,000 and an undisclosed amount of IBM stock. Ferrite core was the basis of all IBM mainframe technology, and when he died, Dr. Wang was the largest individual stockholder of Wang Laboratories AND IBM.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/UNIVAC_1_demo.jpg/200px-UNIVAC_1_demo.jpg
Harold E. Sweeney and J. Presper Eckert demonstrate
the UNIVAC for Walter Cronkite of CBS.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 40 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1215, a group of nobles forced King John of England to sign the Magna Carta. This governmental reform set the wheels in motion for eventual democratic rule and trial by a jury of peers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Joao_sem_terra_assina_carta_Magna.jpg/250px-Joao_sem_terra_assina_carta_Magna.jpg
King John signs the
Magna Carta, arguably the
most important document in
the history of democracy.

...in 1775, George Washington was appointed to lead the new Continental Army.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Washington_1772.jpg/180px-Washington_1772.jpg
Colonel George Washington,
circa 1772. It's the earliest known
portrait of him, done by
Charles Wilson Peale.

...in 1904, more than 1,000 souls, mostly women and children, perished from fire or drowning when fire swept through a riverboat on an excursion on New York's East River. The General Slocum was chartered to take the St. Mark's Lutheran Church Sunday School annual picnic in The Bronx when the fire swept out of control through the boat. Life preservers were in deplorable condition and just sank. Fire hoses were dry rotted and life boats were tied so tightly that they were unaccessable.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/GeneralSlocum_04.jpg
The wreck of the SS General Slocum.

...in 1846, Francis Parkman arrived in Fort Laramie, Wyoming. His work with the plains Sioux tribe resulted in an 1849 book, The Oregon Trail that documented the life of Plains Indians before Western Expansion. He called the book an "image of an irrevocable past."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Francis_Parkman.jpg/180px-Francis_Parkman.jpg
Francis Parkman

...in 1844, Charles Goodyear received a patent for his process of vulcanizing rubber, making the manufacture of rubber products, especially tires, possible. Goodyear was a hard-luck kind of a guy and bad luck followed him around He died in 1860 at the age of 59, essentially penniless. The company that bears his name was founded by Frank Seiberling in Akron, Ohio in 1898. The giant corporation was named in his honor.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Charles_Goodyear.png/200px-Charles_Goodyear.png
Charles Goodyear
(1800-1860)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 55 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1858, Abraham Lincoln, newly appointed candidate for the Senate from Illinois, addressed the Illinois Republican Convention and made his famous statement inspired by the New Testament, "...a house divided against itself cannot stand.” Considered by some to be too radical, he lost the election to the more moderate Steven Douglas, but the speech also gained him enough national notoriety to be elected President in 1860. He faced some of the most tumultuous days in United States history and was assassinated on April 15, 1865.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Abraham_Lincoln_1860.jpg/200px-Abraham_Lincoln_1860.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Stephen_Arnold_Douglas.jpg/200px-Stephen_Arnold_Douglas.jpg
Abraham Lincoln and Stephan Douglas faced off in a
series of seven debates during the campaign for Senate.
Lincoln lost to Douglas, but he did well in the debates and
developed a national reputation that propelled him to the
presidency in 1860, over Stephan Douglas.

...in 1890, Stan Laurel was born in Ulverston, England. He began is career in show business in English theaters, later toured the American vaudville circuits and started making movies in 1917. In 1926, he was teamed with Oliver Hardy and history was made. The duo appeared in over 100 films between 1927 and 1950, including Two Tars, one of the funniest shorts every made, and they won an academy award for The Music Box, in which two movers struggle to hoist a piano up a long stairway.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/e6b4aaf1.jpg
Stan Laurel, on the right, with his long time partner and
best friend, Oliver Hardy. Laurel's epitaph reads, "If any
man at my funeral has a long face, I'll never speak to
him again."

...in 1963, Soviet Cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova, aboard Vostok 6, became the first woman to travel into space. She competed 48 orbits in 71 hours, logging more hours in space, up to that time, than all U.S. astronauts combined.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Soviet_Union-1963-Stamp-0.10._Valentina_Tereshkova.jpg/200px-Soviet_Union-1963-Stamp-0.10._Valentina_Tereshkova.jpg
Valentina Tereshkova was depicted on a 1963
USSR stamp. When the women's cosmonaut program
ended in 1969, she became a prominant member of
the Communist Party. When the Soviet Union collapsed.
she retired from politics but is still revered as a
national heroine.

...in 1961, Rudolf Nureyev defected from the Soviet Union's Kirov Ballet Company in Paris. He went on to a sparking career in ballet and some not-so-memorable movie performances. He died in Paris, in 1993.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ea/Fonteyn-nureyev1.jpg/250px-Fonteyn-nureyev1.jpg
Nureyev with Margot Fonteyn dancing at
the Royal Ballet in London, 1963.

...in 1884, the first roller coaster in American opene at Coney Island. For a nickel, thrill-seekers got to ride about 600 feet at break-neck speeds up to six miles per hour. Today's Kingda Ka at Six Flags in New Jersey claims to be the tallest (456 feet) and fastest (up to 128 MPH) coaster in the world. (The Ring Racer at Nürburgring in Nürburg, Germany claims to be the fastest at 134.8 MPH.)

http://www.westland.net/coneyisland/articles/images/con-switchbackrwy.jpg
The first coaster hit the breakneck speed of six MPH.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Kingda_Ka.jpg/250px-Kingda_Ka.jpg
The Six Flags coaster, Kingda Ka, reaches speeds of 128 MPH.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 53 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1958, the Second Narrows Bridge, under construction between Vancouver and North Vancouver, BC over the Burrard Inlet, suddenly collapsed. Seventy nine steelworkers fell 100 feet to the water's surface, killing many instantly. Some survived the fall and others may have survived the fall but drowned when pulled down by their heavy tool belts. Eighteen workers and one rescuer died in the tragedy, bringing the death toll to 19. In 1994, the bridge was renamed the Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Ironworkers_Memorial_collapse.jpg/180px-Ironworkers_Memorial_collapse.jpg
Rescue operations undeway amidst the rubble.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Ironworkers_Memorial_Bridge_Vancouver_BC.jpg/250px-Ironworkers_Memorial_Bridge_Vancouver_BC.jpg
The Ironworkers Memorial Bridge today.

...in 1947, Raymond Chandler's hard-boiled private eye made his radio debut on The Adventures of Phillip Marlowe. Even though he had been portrayed in the movies by Humphrey Bogart, audiences were unimpressed and the show was canceled shortly after. Bogart, as Marlowe, was much more popular on the silver screen.

http://www.gotterdammerung.org/film/reviews/b/big-sleep/big-sleep-01.jpg
"She tried to sit in my lap while I was standing up."
They don't write 'em like that anymore!

...in 1972, a group of bungling burglars botched a break-in of the Democrat National Committee headquarters at the Watergate complex in Washington, D.C. The resulting investigation led all the way back to the White House and resulted in the resignation of President Richard M. Nixon. (It also inspired a novelty record called Haldeman Ehrlichman Mitchell and Dean (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uK8Iowe83-A) which you can hear by clicking on the title.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Richard_Nixon.jpg/225px-Richard_Nixon.jpg
History has treated Richard M. Nixon
much more fairly than his contemporaries
did. He accomplished great things during
his tenure as POTUS, but he often is
remembered as the only president to be
forced to resign from office.

....in 1775, British General Howe led his troops against the Continental Army at Bunker Hill. The Americans were led by General William Prescott, who's famous line lives on today, "Don't one of you fire until you see the whites of their eyes!" When it was over, the British had won the battle, but the Americans had fewer casualties and proved, once and for all, they could match up against the world's greatest army.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Bunker_Hill_Monument_2005.jpg/140px-Bunker_Hill_Monument_2005.jpg
The Bunker Hill
Memorial

...in 1928, Amelia Earhart became the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic.

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_cbWN_FX2ORg/R8MuCx_EPrI/AAAAAAAAAFw/qq5RRkPkIik/s400/amelia+earhart.jpg
Amelia Earhart

...in 1885, the Statue Of Liberty arrived in New York Harbor. Her official name is Liberty Enlightening The World. America's most famous immigrant arrived in over 200 packing crates. She was dedicated by President Grover Cleveland on October 28, 1886.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Freiheitsstatue_NYC_full.jpg/180px-Freiheitsstatue_NYC_full.jpg
"The New Colossus," is the
sonnet by, American poet Emma
Lazarus, that is inscribed on her pedestal:

"Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me.
I lift my lamp beside the golden door."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 51 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1812, the British and America renewed hostilities in, well, the War of 1812. The war was fought over some rather flimsy motives but was still a vicious war. The British burned the new White House and also used Native Americans in its efforts, united under Tecumseh and his brother, The Prophet. One of the largest of these warring tribes was the Red Stick band of the Creek Nation. After two years, the conflict had become mired in a stalemate, with both sides wanting out. It ended with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent on December 24, 1814. The word did not reach everywhere, though, and on January 8, 1815, the young country would win one of its greatest victories ever, as Andrew Jackson led his forces to victory in the Battle of New Orleans. Jimmie Driftwood, a high school principal from Arkansas, wrote a historical version of the battle and set it to a fiddle tune called The 8th of January. Johnny Horton immortalized the song and the Battle of New Orleans in a top 10 hit record of the same name. The War of 1812 did provide a great source of national pride and was regarded, by some, as the second war of independence. It also resulted in some phrases in the American lexicon, including Benjamin Hawkins message to Andrew Jackson that he would attend a meeting. "God willing, and if the Creek don't rise" refers to the Red Sticks coming to battle, requiring his presence. Oliver Perry's message to William Henry Harrison is the oft quoted, "We have met the enemy and they are ours." More importantly, Francis Scott Key wrote The Star Spangled Banner that would become the National Anthem.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/USS_Constitution_vs_Guerriere.jpg
The USS Constitution defeated
the HMS Guerriere and since cannon
balls seemed to bounce from the ship, she
became known as Old Ironsides. The
USS Constitution is still an official
US Navy vessel, the oldest commissioned
vessel, still afloat, in the world.

...in 1815, speaking of European entanglements, a decisive battle for the control of Europe took place in modern-day Belgium, about a mile and a half from the village of Waterloo. Combined Anglo-Allied forces under the command of the Duke of Wellington along with a Prussian army under the command of Gebhard von Blücher, defeated the French army under the command of Emperor Napoleon. When it was all over, Napoleon surrendered to the British and was exiled to Saint Helena island. It was the end of Napoleon Bonaparte's political career and ushered in a half century of peace in Europe. To this day, when someone is said to have "...met their Waterloo" they have been as totally defeated as Napoleon was in this battle.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Lord_Arthur_Wellesley_the_Duke_of_Wellington.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/dc/NapoleonDavid.jpg/170px-NapoleonDavid.jpg
The Duke of Wellington and Napoleon Bonaparte.

...in 1983, Dr. Sally Ride became the first American woman in space aboard the Challenger. Of course, we learned June 16th that she was preceded into space by Valentina V. Tereshkova of the Soviet Union.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Ride_on_the_Middeck_-_GPN-2000-001081.jpg/250px-Ride_on_the_Middeck_-_GPN-2000-001081.jpg
Dr. Sally Ride aboard the Space Shuttle
Challenger during the first of her two flights.

...in 1923, the first Checker Cab was built, In the late 1950's, the Checker Marathon became a standard icon in large American cities. It was large, comfortable, easy to get in and out of, and had lots of room for luggage. Unfortunately, at 4,000 pounds, it also got too expensive to operate and faded from favor. Too bad, it was the best taxicab ever made.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Checker_Taxi_1.jpg/125px-Checker_Taxi_1.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Checker_Taxi.JPG/125px-Checker_Taxi.JPG
The Checker Cab and Checker Aerobus, the
original stretch limo.

...in 1942, Paul McCartney was born. Did you know he used to be in a band?

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/PaulMcCartney60s.jpg/180px-PaulMcCartney60s.jpg
Paul McCartney, circa 1964.

...in 1873, Susan B. Anthony was fined $100.00 for attempting to vote in the 1872 Presidential election.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/88/Susan_Brownell_Anthony_-_Age_28_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_15220.jpg/180px-Susan_Brownell_Anthony_-_Age_28_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_15220.jpg
Susan Brownell Anthony at the
age of 28. She looks real happy,
doesn't she?

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 30 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1865, 2,000 Union Troops, under the command of General Gordon Granger, took Galveston Island and enforced the emancipation of slaves. While the Emacipation Proclamation had been issued on September 22, 1862 and became effective on January 1, 1863, there was initially little effect since most slave states were a part of the Confederate States of America. The former slaves in Galveston began to celebrate in the street and Juneteenth Day celebrations began in Texas the following year. Today, Juneteenth Day is recognized as a holiday by 28 states.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Emancipation_Day_celebration_-_1900-06-19.jpg
The Juneteenth Day, or Emancipation Day,
celebration on June 19, 1900 in Austin, Texas.

...in 1953, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were executed for conspiring to pass United States nuclear secrets to the Soviet Union. Both refused to admit to any criminal acts and proclaimed their innocence right up to the end. Years later, evidence seems to confirm that Julius was, in fact, a spy but perhaps Ethel was innocent.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Julius_and_Ethel_Rosenberg_NYWTS.jpg/200px-Julius_and_Ethel_Rosenberg_NYWTS.jpg
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

...in 1856, the first convention of the Republican Party to nominate a candidate for president ended at Musical Fund Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The party had been born just two years earlier, in Ripon, Wisconsin. Nominee, John C. Frémont, had been the governor of the Arizona Territory, Governor of California and Senator from California. He lost the election to James Buchanan in a three-way race and didn't carry California. (It would take until 1980 for a governor of California to be elected president, Ronald Reagan, also a Republican.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/JCFr%C3%A9mont.jpg/160px-JCFr%C3%A9mont.jpg
John C. Frémont, the first
Republican Party Presidential
Candidate

...in 1949, the first Grand National race was held at the Charlotte Fairgrounds. The race marked what is better known today as NASCAR racing. (The Charlotte Speedway is not the same as the Charlotte Motor Speedway that is the site of NASCAR racing today.)

...in 1905, Harry Davis opened the first nickelodeon. The Pittsburgh storefront theater had 96 seats and charged people 5¢ to see The Great Train Robbery. Davis "coined" the term "nickelodeon" by combining the nickel (5¢) and odeion, a Greek word meaning "roofed over theater." The theater concept caught on, and the more successful theaters had a piano or organ playing appropriate music for a scene, including rags for chase scenes or what became known as "Eliza-crossing-the-ice" music for scarey scenes.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/ComiqueTheatre.jpg/180px-ComiqueTheatre.jpg
A typical Nickelodeon in Toronto,
about 1910.

...in 1945, Abbott and Costello's routine Who's On First was imortalized in the movie, The Naughty Nineties. It had been used in clubs and a shorter version in an earlier film. Watch it here on YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sShMA85pv8M). It's worth spending the entire 6 minutes and 16 seconds to watch it! (Weren't we just talking about grand old comics the other day?)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/97/Abbott_and_Costello.jpg/250px-Abbott_and_Costello.jpg
Lou Costello and Bud Abbott in 1942.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[raebates]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 17 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 2008, this daily report took on the form that you read today. It took some time before the dates of historical events took on bold facing, but otherwise, the format and the text has remained pretty much the same. In case you wonder why, the update is written before your reporter goes to bed. An automated 'bot logs on to Chef Success, creates the thread and makes an identical post in the Missing thread for posterity. This way, there will someday be a complete record and timeline in Paige's case. Thanks to those of you who support the effort, you are a part of this timeline record.

...in 1977, oil began to flow from Prudhoe Bay through the Alyeska Pipeline Company's 800 mile TAPS, the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System. (Alyeska Pipeline Company is a consortium of oil companies that use the pipeline.) TAPS is 48 inches in diameter, crosses three mountain ranges and over 800 rivers and streams. Over 420 miles of TAPS is mounted above ground on special mountings that also distribute heat, the rest is below ground. It crosses some rivers over specially built bridges and the rest cross underground. The pipeline was built between March 27, 1975 after six years of pre-construction efforts and it was completed on May 31, 1977 at a cost of $8 billion, making it the largest construction project at the time. Much to the dismay of the environmentalists that hate it to this day, the pipeline delivers 800,000 barrels of oil to Valdez, Alaska every day and has delivered 15 billion barrels of oil in its lifetime. The only spill from the pipeline occurred when an unknown terrorist blew a hole in the pipeline. (Leak detectors and a series of valves shut the pipeline down to isolate and prevent spills in those cases.) The carribou herd, predicted to be decimated, has actually grown since the pipeline was built and carribou are known to gather near the pipeline to take advantage of the heat it radiates!

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System_Luca_Galuzzi_2005.jpg/260px-Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System_Luca_Galuzzi_2005.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Alaska_Pipeline_and_caribou.jpg/250px-Alaska_Pipeline_and_caribou.jpg
The Trans-Alaska Pipeline

...in 1863, West Virginia became the 35th State, or the 24th State, depending on status of the 11 states that seceeded. The western counties of Virginia had grown apart from the eastern part of the state. Residents of the wetern counties met in Wheeling and broke from the state on June 11, 1861 by nullifying the secession order and declaring themselves "The Restored Government of Virginia." President Lincoln accepted the results of a referendum, asking for statehood, in April, 1863 and declared statehood effective this day in 1863.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/NewRiverGorgeBridgeWV.jpg/383px-NewRiverGorgeBridgeWV.jpg
The New River Gorge Bridge,
near Beckley, West Virginia. At 3,031 feet
in length, it was the longest single steel arch
bridge in the world when it was built.

...in 1963, in the wake of the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, the United States and Soviet Union agreed to install a "hot line" to instantly communicate in times of crisis.

http://jproc.ca/crypto/hotline_etcrrm.jpg
Contrary to Hollywood and popular opinion, the
"Hot Line" was a teletype system with the American
terminal in the Pentagon. A duplicate to this station was
located in Moscow.

...in 1947, Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel was shot and killed in Beverly Hills, California. In 1945, Siegel built The Flamingo, the first resort/casino in Las Vegas, a sleepy little town in Nevada. It has grown slightly since then.

http://www.ghostinmysuitcase.com/places/flamingo/flamingo.jpg
The Original Flamingo

...in 1948, Toast of the Town premiered on the CBS Television network. Better known as The Ed Sullivan Show, many big time performers made their first appearance on the show.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f5/EdSullivan.jpg/200px-EdSullivan.jpg
Toast of the Town was often referred to as
"The Ed Sullivan Show" although it would not be
so named until 1956. Ed Sullivan hosted the
"really big shoe" from 1948 - 1971.

...in 1975, Jaws was released, setting off a shark frenzy but setting the standard for the Summer Blockbuster.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/eb/JAWS_Movie_poster.jpg/215px-JAWS_Movie_poster.jpg

...in 1837, 18 year old Victoria began her 63 year reign as Queen of England, the longest in history.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Queen_Victoria_by_Bassano.jpg/210px-Queen_Victoria_by_Bassano.jpg
Queen Victoria (1819 - 1901)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 33 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1788, New Hampshire became the 9th state to ratify the Constitution of the United States. In 1789, Congress approved 12 amendments, The Bill of Rights, and sent them out for ratification. Ten of the twelve were adopted. In 1790, Rhode Island became the last state to ratify the Constitution, now the oldest operating constitution in the world.

,,,in 1947, William Clay Ford married Martha Firestone, bringing together two of the largest automotive fortunes in the world. Harvey Firestone and Henry Ford became close friends and allies when Firestone became the exclusive supplier of tires for Ford's Model T. Neither man lived to see their grand-children's wedding - Firestone died in 1938 and Ford had died earlier in 1947, on April 7.

...in 1997, the first game of the National Women's Basketball Association was played. It is comprised of 13 teams and is growing in popularity.

http://www.wnba.com/media/shock/celebration_081005_013.jpg
The Detroit Shock won the WNBA
Championship in 2008 and is the favorite
to repeat this season.

...in 1916, Mexican troops attacked an American force, led by General John J. Pershing, that had penetrated into Mexico to find Pancho Villa. Villa had executed 16 Americans in Mexico and then came across the border to attack Columbus, New Mexico. Under orders from President Wilson, Pershing's expeditionary force was ordered into Mexico to capture or kill Pancho Villa and disperse his army of rebels. Pershing pursued Villa for 11 months and failed to find him, as Villa had intimate knowledge of the terrain. (The explosive situation in Europe likely prevented a Mexican-American war over the attack on Pershing.) Villa was eventually pardoned by the Mexican government but he was assassinated three years later.

http://www.hsgng.org/images/pershing.jpg http://www.hsgng.org/images/horse7.jpg
General John "Black Jack" Pershing and Doroteo Arango, aka Pancho Villa

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 56 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1944, FDR signed the G.I. Bill offering low coast loans and free college tuition. It launched a 30 year economic boom.

http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/images/GI_Bill_of_Rights.jpg
FDR signs the G.I. Bill into law. That's Eleanor watching over his
shoulder, probably making sure he spelled "Franklin" correctly.

...in 1945, The Battle of Okinawa came to an end. The battle, one of the bloodiest of the entire war, began on April 1, 1945 when the 10th Army began the amphibious assault of the strategic island, located midway between Japan and Formosa. Taking Okinawa gave the United States an excellent position for staging the planned invasion of the Japanese home islands, while if the Japanese maintained possession of the island would give the Japanese a strategic defensive position. There were more than 100,000 Japanese soldiers entrenched on Okinawa. 60,000 Americans landed on April 1 with little resistance, but on April 4, the Japanese lowered the boom. In the succeeding weeks, Japan valiantly defended the island, making the Americans pay dearly for every inch of ground taken. Americans even faced Japanese women armed with spears. 2,000 kamikaze pilots sunk 36 American ships and when it was all over, 120,000 Japanese had died, including the Japanese leader, Lieutenant General Mitsuru Ushijima, who committed suicide with his staff rather than be captured. About 1/4 of the Okinawan population perished, many by suicide, having been convinced by their Japanese captors that the Americans were monsters who would perform terrible atrocities on them. The Americans suffered 12,500 dead and 35,000 wounded in an eerie foreshadow of what the invasion of Japan would be like. However, with the dropping of two atomic weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August, the war came to an end before the invasion needed to take place.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Cornerstone_of_Peace.jpg
The Cornerstone of Peace on Okinawa lists the names of everyone who died during the battle for Okinawa,
including Japanese, Americans and Okinawan civilians.

...in 1934, Ferdinand Porsche contracted to build three prototypes of the Volksauto, a low-price "people's car" at the request of Adolph Hitler. Building such a car had always been Porsche's dream, but the war interrupted the design and manufacture of the Volkswagen until after the end of the war. During the war, the chassis was used as a platform for army staff cars, a design that Volkswagen would sell in the 1970's as "The Thing."

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/c116311d.jpg
This is the third prototype Volkswagen, built in 1938 It would be adapted into a staff
car and even an amphibious vehicle for the Wermacht in WWII. The civilian version would
start making it into the United States in 1951.

...in 1942, Congress officially recognized the Pledge of Allegiance. It was written in the 1890's as a way to standardize a salute to the flag. A proclamation by President Benjamin Harrison dictated the pledge to be read on October 12, 1892 and it was officially adopted on Flag Day, June 14, 1924, although Congress never recognized it until this day in 1942. (The words, "under God" were not added until 1954.) When reciting the pledge, citizens should stand at attention while facing the flag and hold their right hands over their hearts. Men should remove their hats. Military personnel stand at attention and salute while all recite:

I pledge allegiance to the flag
Of the United States of America
And to the republic, for which it stands:
One nation, under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.

http://3dflags.com/art/comps/usa0001/3dflags_usa0001-0003a.gif?1190601736

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 51 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1934, in New Zealand, William Bayly was convicted of murder without the body of one of his victims. Forensic evidence was strong enough to bring a conviction, and Bayly was summarily hanged. Bayly was a sheep farmer that lived next door to Samuel Lakey and to say that they hated each other would be a mild understatement. On October 13, 1933, Mrs. Lakey's body was found in the duck pond of the Lakey farm. When questioned, Bayly said Lakey must have killed his wife and taken off, for Lakey was nowhere to be found. Police figured it was more likely that Bayly killed them both, and a search of Bayly's farm revealed a blood-soaked wagon and blood stains inside Bayly's tool shed. Further digging revealed buried remains of charred bones, two false teeth, parts of cigarette holders (that Lakey was known to use) along with bone fragments in a vat used to burn sheep dip. It became evident that Bayly had shot and killed Lakey, dismembered his body and tried to burn it. He was convicted of murder on this date and executed on July 20th.

...in 1967, President Lyndon Johnson met Soviet Premier Aleksei Kosygin in New Jersey. It was the fist time a Soviet Premier had met with a President since Dwight Eisnhower and Nitkita Krushchev had met in 1959. The summit accomplished little but did prove that the two super powers were open to talks.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Johnson_Kosygin_Glassboro_Meeting.jpg/250px-Johnson_Kosygin_Glassboro_Meeting.jpg
Aleksei Kosygin (pointing) and
Lyndon Baines Johnson at their
summit in New Jersey. Little was
accomplished, but the strained
relations between the superpowers
were improved as a result.

...in 1972, President Richard M. Nixon signed the Higher Education Act which included Title IX legislation, prohibiting discrimination between men's and women's educational opportunities. While the act did not specifically state the term "athletics," Title IX had more effect on high school and collegiate sports than anyone anticipated. Some say it was not all positive, either. Participation in women's sports increased exponentially while participation in men's sports is (proportionately) the lowest it has been since the early 1980s. Title IX also meant the end of some sports in many schools.

...in 1848, at the insistance of Sam Houston, the Republic of Texas decided to join the United States. Sam Houston is the only person in US History to serve as the governor of two different states (Tennessee and Texas) and serve as the president of a foreign nation (Republic of Texas.) Houston built the first schoolhouse in Tennessee and had also been part of the Cherokee Nation (named "Colonneh" in English, "The Raven") and later married into the tribe. Even in death, this colorful character carries a large figure in US History, being the namesake of a city, a museum, an army base, a national forest, several parks, a university, a navy submarine and the largest free-standing statue of an American figure.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Samuel_houston.jpg/180px-Samuel_houston.jpg
Samuel Houston (1793-1863)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 40 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1948, the Soviet Union began a blockade of Eastern Germany, cutting off West Berlin from the world. The United States capitalized on the Soviet's PR blunder by countering with the Berlin Airlift, keeping the city alive.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/C-54landingattemplehof.jpg/300px-C-54landingattemplehof.jpg
Berlin residents watch a C-54 landing at
Berlin's Tempelhof Airport during the Berlin
Airlift in 1948.

...in 1953, Massachusetts Senator John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Bouvier announced their engagement.

...in 1964, the Federal Trade Commission ordered all cigarette packs to carry the familiar Surgeon General's Warning.

http://uncommon.beaconhilllaw.com/__oneclick_uploads/2009/01/warning_01.gif
Smoke smoke smoke that cigarette
Puff puff puff yourself to death.
Tell St. Peter at the Golden Gate
That you hate to make him wait
But your just gotta have another cigarette.
-Tex Ritter

...in 1947, an American pilot, Kenneth Arnold, reported seeing saucer-shaped objects flying near Mt. Rainier, coining the oft heard phrase, "flying saucer." While he never used the term himself (newspaper reports quoted him as saying "...the objects moved like saucers skipping across the water") the media picked up on it and used the terms "flying saucer" and "flying disc" well into the 1950s.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/PurportedUFO2.jpg/403px-PurportedUFO2.jpg
Alleged flying saucer over
Passoria, NJ in 1952.

...in 1997, the US Air Force officially closed the book on Rozwell, the reported location of an alien spacecraft crash leaving debris and alien bodies. The Air Force says the debris was from balloons and the bodies were dummies, used to test high altitude bail-outs. Many skeptics still do not believe the report. Do you?

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/PlanNine_02.jpg
The flying saucers in Ed Wood's notorious Plan 9 From Outer Space used
prop saucers that strangely resembled Cadillac wheel covers.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 55 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1876, Native American forces led by Chief Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull defeated the forces of Lt. Colonel Geroge Armstrong Custer at the Little Bighorn River in Montana. We're not going to say much, this story has been told, and retold, and told again (most of the tellings are pure fiction, too) but you can find a lot out there if you'd like to read more.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Custer_Massacre_At_Big_Horn%2C_Montana_June_25_187 6.jpg/300px-Custer_Massacre_At_Big_Horn%2C_Montana_June_25_187 6.jpg
Unknown Artist's depiction of the battle
commonly known as Custer's Last Stand.

...in 1868, Florida became the first of the former states of the Confederacy to be readmitted to the Union.

...in 1910, Congress passed the Mann Act, making it illegal to transport a woman across state lines for immoral purposes. The law was used against Charlie Chaplin in 1944. In disgust, he moved to England and never returned. Chuck Berry was convicted of violating the Mann Act and spent two years in prison. Although never repealed, the teeth have been ameded out of it and today, it is seldom invoked.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e1/JamesRobertMann1920.jpg/180px-JamesRobertMann1920.jpg
James Robert Mann (R-Illinois) served in the
House of Representatives from 1897-1922 and
wrote the Mann Act along with legislation that
became the Pure Food & Drug Act and other
notable US laws.

...in 1942, Dwight D. Eisenhower took command of all the European troops, the first step in an ascent to supreme commander of all Allied forces in WW II, and eventually, President of the United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_as_General_of_the_Army_crop.j pg/180px-Dwight_D._Eisenhower_as_General_of_the_Army_crop.j pg
General of the Army,
Dwight David Eisenhower

...in 1950, the Korean War began. Technically, the war is not over, a cease fire that ended hostilities was signed in 1953.

http://1stopkorea.com/images/DMZ-lookingnorth.jpg
At Panmunjeom, these two buildings straddle the border (it's the line
that runs through the middle of the buildings) and are the sites of
meetings between the warring parties. Those are South Korean
guards. The large building is in North Korea.

...in 1951, CBS television made the first broadcast in color, but hardly anyone saw it that way, because most of the few television sets in home were black & white. The CBS color system was incompatable with contemporary black & white sets, but RCA offered their system to CBS. Because RCA was the parent company of rival NBC, eecutives decided not to purchast the RCA system. Although first to broadcast in color, CBS only broadcast specials (like The Wizrd of Oz every year) but lagged behind rivals NBC and ABC well into the 1960s before presenting regular broadcasting in color.

...in 1956, the last Packard automobile came off the assembly line at the Conner Avenue plant in Detroit. In 1902, Henry Joy and a group of investors bought the company from James Ward Packard, and soon converted the company into the leading manufacturer of luxury automobiles. The 1916 Twin-Six, a 12-cylinder automobile, set the pace for luxury cars. Henry Joy also became the President of the Lincoln Highway Association and drove to finish building the first paved coast-to-coast highway. After WW II, Packard struggled in the market and in a last ditch effort to survive, merged with Studebaker. Eventually, both companies failed.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/56-Packard_Patrician_DV-07-CC_01.jpg
A 1956 Packard Patrician

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 63 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1948, the first flights began in the Berlin Airlift. Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin had blockaded Eastern Germany, leaving the citizens of West Berlin to starve. The airlift continued to supply Berlin for 11 months, until Stalin backed down and removed the blockade.

http://www.spiritoffreedom.org/BAHFC-97FlypastFrontsection.jpg
The Boeing C-97 is a replica of the only C-97 that was used in the Berlin Airlift. It is
one of two C-97s left in the world. It is owned by the Berlin Airlift Historical Foundation (http://www.spiritoffreedom.org/)
that is full of good historical information, and could use your help in their mission to preserve the
Berlin Airlift for future generations.

...in 1959, the St. Lawrence Seaway opened with a ceremony including Queen Elizabeth II and and President Dwight Eisenhower. Since the opening, more than 200 billion tons of cargo, with a value of over $300 billion dollars have passed through the seaway. Along with that, though, has been an invasion of marines - foreign sea life that stows away in the ballast tanks of seagoing vessels have introduced a number of species that have no natural preditors in the Great Lakes.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Eisenhower_Locks.jpg/180px-Eisenhower_Locks.jpg
The Eisenhower Locks in Massena, New York

...in 1784, a little known patriot but American hero, Caeser Rodney of Delaware, passed away. He is best remembered for his overnight ride from Dover to Philadelphia, in a thunderstorm, to cast the deciding vote for the Declaration of Independence. The image of Rodney on his overnight ride is stamped on the new Delaware quarter.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Delaware_quarter%2C_reverse_side%2C_1999.jpg/150px-Delaware_quarter%2C_reverse_side%2C_1999.jpg
Caesar Rodney on the 1999
Delaware State Quarter

...in 1965, Hey, Mister Tambourine Man reached No. 1 on the pop charts. The song was written by Bob Dylan and was the first hit for The Byrds. The song spawned a new genre called "Folk-Rock" that was an influence on later artists like Tom Petty, R.E.M. and The Eagles.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bob_Dylan_in_November_1963.jpg/220px-Bob_Dylan_in_November_1963.jpg
Bob Dylan, November 1963

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 45 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...1847, New York and Boston were connected by telegraph lines.

...1880, Hellen Keller was born.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Helen_Keller_with_Anne_Sullivan_in_July_1888.jpg/225px-Helen_Keller_with_Anne_Sullivan_in_July_1888.jpg
Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan, July 1888

...1950, President Truman ordered American troops into South Korea, to help fight off the invading North Koreans. In order to avoid an escalated conflict with Russia and China, the war was referred to as a "police action" and is called the Korean Conflict. In South Korea, the war is known as the 6-25 or the 6-25 War while, in North Korea, it is called the Fatherland Liberation War. The conflict was essentially a stalemate and, technically, is not over. The fighting is halted by a cease fire that has been in effect since July 27, 1953.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/HRS-1_HMR-161_CVE-118_1Sep1952.jpg
The Korean Conflict saw the first heavy use of helicopters in a
war theater. Everyone has seen the Bell 47 helicopter in the movie
and TV series called M*A*S*H but these Sikorski helicopters
were used to ferry Marines to and from the conflict.

...1829, and English scientist named James Smithson passed away in Genoa, Italy after a long illness. His rather unusual bequest decreed that in the event his only heir, a nephew, should die without an heir, that all of his estate be sent to the United States, "...to found at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, and establishment for the increase of diffusion of knowledge." His nephew, James Hungerford, died without an heir in 1835. After a decade of legal wrangling, the Smithsonian Institution was founded. Because Smithson had never visited the United States in his lifetime, his bequest caused much confusion around the world. Today, the Smithsonian Institute consists of nineteen museums, nine research centers and a zoo. John Smithson is interred in a tomb inside the building that bears his name.

http://www.si.edu/ahhp/Smithsons%20Crypt/Smithsons%20Crypt%201905.jpg
John Smithson's tomb in the Smithson Mortuary Chapel. He was interred here
in 1905 and was to be a temporary placement until Congress would make a more fitting
memorial. In the mean time, the entire Smithsonian Museum was built up around the
chapel, far exceeding any Congressional memorial and Smithson's wildest dreams.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[nana45]

Three years ago a bright star fell from the sky. Paige is our star, missing from our lives and hearts - but never forgotten.

All of your family and friends continue to pray for you, our Angel.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Today marks exactly three years since our friend and fellow Cheffer, Paige Birgfeld, disappeared without a trace. There isn't really a lot to say here, because it's all been said at one time or another over the last thirty six months. We can, most certainly, say again how our hearts go out to Paige's family, her children and the many friends that are left behind.

There were no new developments yesterday, either. There is really nothing new to report except to say, Paige, help us find you so we can bring you home.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 48 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 2008, in honor of the 366 days that Paige had been missing, Chefann suggested that we light 366 Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige). The goal was accomplished early that evening, and when the update was posted on the 29th 419 candles were burning! ChefAnn posted the 366th candle that day, using the phrase that Paige's father, Frank Birgfeld, made famous on the CBS News report about her.

http://www.chefsuccess.com/members/the_kitchen_guy-albums-bucket-picture82-candle366.jpg

...in 2008, a woman who used to be employed as a babysitter for Paige, named Carol, told KJCT-TV that Rob Dixon, Paige's second ex husband and father of her children, did know Lester Jones, a claim that Dixon's lawyer has repeatedly denied. Carol says, "We don't know if Paige is in the state or not, who knows where she is. No one has a clue except for Rob Dixon and Lester Ralph Jones." No one, except law enforcement, knows if anything ever came of her report.

...in 1953, the first Corvette started down the assembly line. It was not very popular, only 300 Corvettes were made in that first year. Equipped with the famous Chevrolet Blue Flame Six, the car was hardly a performer but once the Corvette received a V8 engine, it became a performer and a fantasy for every car enthusiast.

http://www.web-cars.com/images/vette_img/GMInnovation-A9A_a.jpg
1953 Corvette - only 300 were produced, no one wanted one. Now everyone does!

...in 1894, The first Labor Day was celebrated. The day off was only for federal employees, though.

...in 1975, Rod Serling passed away after open heart surgery. He was only 50. Serling had been a prolific and well respected television writer when he launched his fondly remembered anthology series, The Twilight Zone. Before The Twilight Zone, Serling was best known for writing live drama for television in the 1950s, the so-called "Golden Age." He also wrote and produced Carol for Another Christmas, a modern and apocolyptic retelling of Dickens' A Christmas Carol in which a modern day Scrooge (Daniel Grudge) is taken to a bleak future of a world devastated by nuclear war. The all-star cast included Peter Sellers, Steve Lawrence, Pat Hingle, Peter Fonda, Robert Shaw and Sterling Hayden as the Scrooge character. It was the only television production ever directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz and it aired only one time, December 28, 1964.

http://danwoog.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/blog-twilight-zone.jpg?w=500&h=229


...in 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife, Sophie, were shot to death by a Bosnian Serb. Bosnia and Herzegovina bad been annexed by Austria-Hungary in 1908 which angered Serbs, who believed the territories should be a part of Serbia. The assasinations set off a chain of events that led to World War I.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Franzferdinand.jpg/220px-Franzferdinand.jpg
Archduke Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie
with two of their three children. Their deaths
are attributed as the cause of WW I.

...in 1919, ironically 5 years, to the day, that Archduke Franz and Sophie Ferdinand had been assasinated to start WW I, the Treaty of Versailles was signed. The crippling treaty apalled English economist, John Maynard Keynes, who resigned his post from the British Treasury in protest of the treaty. He wrote a book about it, called The Economic Consequences of Peace, in which he predicted the financial collapse of Germany that would have world wide economic repercussions. The crash came in November of 1923, and by the time the treaty was modified, it was too late, Hitler had taken power and the path to World War II was already paved. Keyes died in 1946, but in the late '30s, he had outlined his opinons that became known as Keynesian Economics, which most Western powers subscribe to yet, today. Not everyone agrees with his theories, in fact, many reputable economists have rejected Keynesian Economics as unrealistic and damaging to the world economy. Many point to the current economic malaise as proof that Keynes was right about the Treaty of Versailles but wrong about governments spending money that they don't have.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/WhiteandKeynes.jpg/180px-WhiteandKeynes.jpg
John Maynard Keynes (1883 - 1946)
on the right, with Harry Dexter White
at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1946.

That's it.That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There was one newsy item published over the weekend and two anniversary stories posted late yesterday. There was nothing new in Paige's case presented in any of the stories. Otherwise? Nada. Zip. Zilch. Gnorscht.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 70 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

The articles were posted in the Update thread yesterday and in two separate threads, Three Years Later: Where is Paige? (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/three-years-later-where-paige-62749/) and Woman leading double life still missing after 3 years (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/woman-leading-double-life-still-missing-after-3-years-62756/). Nothing new, nothing else posted.

On this date in History...

...in 1613, London' Globe Theater burned down. It was the theater where almost every Shakespeare play made its premier.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Southwark_reconstructed_globe.jpg/180px-Southwark_reconstructed_globe.jpg
A modern reproduction of the Globe.

...in 1956, Congress authorized the funding of the Federal Highway Act, which had been passed in 1955 and began the construction of the Interstate Highway system. President Eisenhower had been on the Army's first motorized convoy in 1919 that went from Washington to San Francisco on the Lincoln Highway, where he learned the value of good roads. The German Autobahn was another lesson for him that helped inspire the Interstate Highway System.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Eisenhower_Interstate_System.svg/150px-Eisenhower_Interstate_System.svg.png
This sign was introduced in 1993 but
does not appear everywhere, yet. While
the I-system was signed into law by
President Eisenhower, the five stars
commemorate his work as General of
the Army in World War II.

...in 1985, Jim Pattison purchased a Rolls-Royce Phantom V limousine for $2,229,000.00. Yes, that's over $2 Million. The limo had been purchased by John Lennon in 1966 and had it painted in the psychedelic color scheme popular at the time.

http://thumb1.webshots.net/t/59/459/9/85/81/2616985810038203561foDXEd_th.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 35 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1859, The Great Blondin, real name, Jean-Francois Gravelet, stretched a tightrope across the Niagara River gorge, just downstream from the falls and became the first of several daredevils to perform the stuntof walking across Niagara Falls on a tightrope. He was noted for repeating the feat several times, sometimes blindfolded, once carrying his manager, another time sitting down in the middle of the wire to cook an omelet and once pushing a wheelbarrow while wearing a gorilla suit.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Charles.Blondin.jpg
The Great Blondin carrying
his manager, Harry Colcord, on a
tightrope for a publicity still.

...in 1969, the last Rambler came off the AMC assembly line. The "Kenosha Kadillac" was the brainchild of George Walter Mason at the conclusion of WWII. Mason knew independents like Nash, Hudson, Studebaker and Packard, would have a great deal of trouble competing with the Big 3 once they shifted from war to peace time production. Hudson and Nash merged to form AMC. The leader of the company, George Romney, coined the term, "gas-guzzling dinosaur" to describe the products coming from the Big 3. The Rambler kept AMC in business through those tumultuous times until the times got tough in the 1960s. What was left of AMC was acquired by Chrysler Corporation in 1987. (The first "Rambler" was built by Thomas B. Jeffrey in Kenosha in 1903. Jeffrey died in 1910, his son Charles took the helm. Charles survived the sinking of the Lusitania and decided he wanted to retire. The Thomas B. Jeffrey Company was sold to Charles Nash in 1916 who renamed it "Nash" after himself. All that is left of Jeffrey's company is making engines in Kenosha, but not much longer. In 2009, Chrysler announced that the engine plant will close at the end of 2010 as Chrysler engine production is shifting to Mexico. That signaled the end of 106 years of automaking in Kenosha.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/1958_Rambler_sedan_pink_and_white_NJ.jpg
1958 Rambler

...in 1936, Margaret Mitchell published her first and only novel, Gone With The Wind. It created quite a stir. Some hated it for making the South the protagonists, and for romanticizing the elitist society of slave owners. That was probably what made it sell so well, for telling the story of the war from the viewpoint of the defeated. It sold millions of copies, was adopted into a blockbuster movie and earned Mitchell the Pulitzer Prize.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 8 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1867, Great Britain recognized The Dominion of Canada with the passage of the British North American Act. The provinces of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick were united as the Dominion of Canada with John A.. Macdonald as the first prime minister.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Canadian_Coat_of_Arms_Shield.svg/105px-Canadian_Coat_of_Arms_Shield.svg.png

...in 1941, NBC aired the first commercial allowed by the FCC, beginning an American institution that we all hate, except it gives us a chance to hit the kitchen for chips and dip.

...in 1898, Theodore Roosevelt led the "Rough Riders" as a part of the force that charged up San Juan Hill, near Santiago, Cuba, to take the San Juan Heights during the famous battle of the Spanish-American War. (Included in this battle was the 10th Cavalry "Buffalo Soldiers" with a young lieutenant, John J. "Black Jack" Pershing.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/RoughRiders.jpeg/300px-RoughRiders.jpeg
Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders
at the top of San Juan Heights in 1898.

...in 1919, Dwight Eisenhower married Mamie Geneva Doud. Mamie was born in Boone, Iowa, which is on the Lincoln Highway. In 1919, Eisenhower was part of the army's first motorized convoy across the United States, on the Lincoln Highway. As President, Eisenhower would remember his two month adventure on the Lincoln when he asked Congress to build the Interstate Highway System in 1955. Eisenhower passed away in 1969, Mamie passed in 1979 at the age of 82. During the 1960s, a very liberal era, Eisenhower was derided as a "do-nothing" president and was often mocked for building a putting green on the White House lawn. Over the years, however, history has been far more kind, recognizing his considerable accomplishments while in office, including ending the Korean Conflict, creation of the Interstate Highway System, the admission of two states to the union and forceful action in the field of civil rights. The landmark Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka came under his watch, and he supported that decision to desegregate schools by demanding the schools of Washington to be a model of desegregation for the rest of the country. He also signed two Civil Rights Acts into law (1957 and 1960) which were the first civil rights acts since 1870. Eisenhower was the first president to hire a "Chief of Staff" to act as a gatekeeper, an excellent idea to which every succeeding president has adopted. In most surveys of historians, Eisenhower is usually ranked as one of the top 10 American Presidents.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Mamie_Eisenhower.jpg/225px-Mamie_Eisenhower.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Dwight_D._Eisenhower%2C_official_photo_portrait%2C _May_29%2C_1959.jpg/225px-Dwight_D._Eisenhower%2C_official_photo_portrait%2C _May_29%2C_1959.jpg
Mamie Doud Eisenhower (1896-1979) and Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (1890-1969)

...in 1956, speaking of Dwight Eisenhower, the Highway Revenue Act took effect, setting into motion the building of his Interstate Highway System. The plan was to take 12 years to complete at an estimated cost of $25 billion. The first construction began in 1956 in Kansas (or Missouri, the battle for bragging rights continues to this day) and it is generally thought that the last Interstate of the original plan was I-70 through Glenwood Canyon in 1992. Although other Interstate highways are being built as you read this, the original designated Interstate system took 36 years and $114 billion to complete. The first Interstate highway was, arguably, the Pennsylvania Turnpike, which opened in 1940 between Irwin and Carlisle. It is now badged as I-70 and I-76 and Pennsylvania refers to it as "The Granddaddy of the Pikes." ¹

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Map_of_current_Interstates.svg/689px-Map_of_current_Interstates.svg.png
The Interstate Highway System - purple lines are completed routes, blue shows certain (but not all)
three-digit designated spurs or bypass routes and green signifies proposed routes under consideration.

http://www.aaroads.com/shields/img/NV/NV19632252t100800.jpg http://www.aaroads.com/shields/img/MO/MO19790352t100350.jpg http://www.aaroads.com/shields/img/IA/IA19723804t103800.jpg http://www.aaroads.com/shields/img/IN/IN19794653t104650.jpg

Even numbered highways travel east-west.
Odd numbered highways travel north-south.
3 digit highways are spurs or bypasses. Numbers come from the parent road.
Odd-leading numbers are spurs that will end away from the parent.
Even-leading numbers are loops that return to the parent.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

¹ The real granddaddy of the pikes was the German Autobahn, which impressed General Eisenhower during WWII. It also impressed President Roosevelt enough for him to ask his highway commissioner, Thomas MacDonald, to lay out a proposed route of military highways. MacDonald presented his plan to FDR in 1938, and it actually isn't much different from today's Interstate Highway System.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 22 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 2007, the first reports of Paige going missing were made on CS. There was a thread of silliness going on here, commonly referred to as "The Hijack Thread," where the news of Paige's disappearance was broken by Grande. Upon confirmation of her disappearance, the "Missing" thread began. For those of you who are new to Chef Success and wonder who Paige is, and what all the fuss is about, please read the Missing thread at the top of this forum. The search for Paige continues with no new developments.

...in 1881, President James A. Garfield was shot by assassin Charles J. Guiteau. He survived for 80 days and was recovering at the New Jersey seaside when he suddenly died. Guiteau was a disgruntled applicant for a federal appointment that he did not get. He was convicted and hanged on June 30, 1882.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Garfield_assassination_engraving_cropped.jpg/250px-Garfield_assassination_engraving_cropped.jpg
President Garfield with James G. Blaine
after being shot by Charles J. Guiteau

...in 1863, the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg began with General Lee's Army of the Northern Virginia attacking General George Meade's Army of the Potomac at Culp's Hill and Little Round Top. The Union army was not moved from their positions. This day represented the fiercest fighting of the battle with both sides suffering heavy casualties.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Round_Tops_panorama_1909.jpg/600px-Round_Tops_panorama_1909.jpg
Little Round Top (left) and Big Round Top in 1909.

...in 1890, the Sherman Anti-Trust Act was passed. The idea was to head off the formation of monopolies that could control prices of any given commodity. The bill was well intended but weak language left it open to broad interpretation and lots of litigation. Sounds kinda modern, doesn't it? More anti-trust and anti-monopoly legislation was to follow and President Teddy Roosevelt took on the railroads, the coal mines and the oil companies.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3b/Coal.JPG/350px-Coal.JPG
Teddy Roosevelt made "trust busting" into an art form
during his administration. Here he is shown taking coal barrons
to school after the 1902 coal strike paralyzed the country.

...in 1776, the Continental Congress voted on Richard Henry Lee's resolution, "Resolved: That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved." The vote was unanimous, except for New York. The delegation had not been directed of which way to vote, and with no direction, abstained. The brilliant, and prescient, John Adams declared that July 2 would be remembered forever with pomp, parade and fireworks. He was only incorrect on the date, July 4, when Thomas Jefferson's edited Declaration of Independence was adopted.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/RichardHenryLee.jpg/200px-RichardHenryLee.jpg
Richard Henry Lee of the Lees of Olde Virginia.
“To preserve liberty, it is essential that the whole
body of the people always possess arms, and be
taught alike, especially when young, how to use them.”
--Richard Henry Lee (1732-1794)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Johnadamsvp.flipped.jpg/225px-Johnadamsvp.flipped.jpg
"A single assembly is apt to grow ambitious,
and after a time will not hesitate to vote itself
perpetual...a single assembly, possessed of all
the powers of government, would make arbitrary
laws for their own interest, execute all laws
arbitrarily for their own interest, and adjudge all
controversies in their own favor."
--John Adams, Thoughts on Government, April 1776

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 63 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 2007, CS administrator, Admin Greg, placed the white ribbon for Paige at the top of the CS banner. He meant it as a temporary addition, to remain until Paige was found. As of this date, Paige still has not been found and the white ribbon remains on the banner.

...in 1863, July 3 was the last day of the Battle of Gettysburg. General Lee's Army of the Northern Virginia had failed in attacking General George Meade's Army of the Potomac on the left and right at Culp's Hill and Little Round Top. The Union army was not moved from their positions, so on the third day, he attacked the center. Cannonade was intense from both sides. At 3 PM, General George Pickett led 15,000 men into no man's land, only to find that Lee's bombardment had failed. In less than an hour, 7,000 Confederate troops were either dead or captured. It was the turning point of the war, Lee retreated south, thus ending the last Confederate foray into Union territory.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Battle_of_Gettysburg%2C_by_Currier_and_Ives.png/300px-Battle_of_Gettysburg%2C_by_Currier_and_Ives.png
The Battle of Gettysburg by
Currier & Ives

...in 1978, Ernest Breech passed away in Royal Oak, Michigan at the age of 81. In 1946, Breech became the vice president of the ailing Ford Motor Company and began trimming the fat. He took over the chairmanship of Ford in 1955. The company had been reeling since the unexpected death of Edsel Ford in 1943, when Henry Ford II was pulled from the Navy to take over the colossus his grandfather had built. When Breech took over, Ford was hemorrhaging money. He instituted a modern management model and when he left Ford in 1960, the company was earning $500 million a year.

http://www.automotivehalloffame.org/honors/show_image.php?img=1&id=11
Ernest Breech rose to fame at GM as a
trouble shooter that couldn't resist a challenge.
He caught the eye of a young and inexperienced
Henry Ford II, who lured Breech away from GM
to tackle the ailing Ford Motor Company in 1946.

...in 1971, Jim Morrison was found dead in a bathtub in Paris. Morrison's band, The Doors was named after Aldous Huxley's book, The Doors of Perception. (Look it up for a surprise that isn't much of a surprise.) Their most famous hit was their first, Light My Fire, in 1967.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0d/Jim_Morrisonsinging.jpg/220px-Jim_Morrisonsinging.jpg
Jim Morrison (1943-1971)

...in 1775, George Washington took command of the Continental Army for the Revolutionary War.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Portrait_of_George_Washington.jpeg/140px-Portrait_of_George_Washington.jpeg
General George Washington

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Somehow, the macro that makes these daily postings crashed this morning. So here, better late than never, is today's update. As you might suspect, there weren't any new developments in Paige's case yesterday, anyway. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 14 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1776, the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence to support the approval of declaring independence on July 2. The Declaration came 442 days after the Revolutionary War began in Lexington and Concord, Mass on April 19, 1775. New York did not approve the document until July 19 and John Hancock's signature stood pretty much alone until August 2, by which time, everyone had signed it. Each signer risked their lives and properties as traitors to the English Crown. Ben Franklin was quoted as saying, "We most certainly will all hang together or hang separately."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Us_declaration_independence.jpg/200px-Us_declaration_independence.jpg
Happy Birthday, America!

...in 1954, in Cleveland, the wife of Dr. Sam Sheppard, Marilyn, was beaten to death in her home while Dr. Sheppard slept in another room. He claimed he saw a bushy-haired man fleeing the scene. Jurors were influenced by media reports proclaiming Sheppard's guilt and convicted him. His conviction was overturned in 1966 because of the jury's prejudiced convictions. The story influenced the creation of the Quinn Martin television series, The Fugitive and a Harrison Ford movie of the same name. DNA testing of crime scene evidence in 1998 vindicated the late Dr. Sheppard.

http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/sheppard/waterskiingsam.jpg
Marilyn and Sam Sheppard. He was convicted of
her brutal murder, claiming an intruder murdered Marilyn,
not him. His story inspired the entertainment franchise
known as The Fugitive. His conviction was overturned
in 1966.

...in 1804, Lewis & Clark celebrate the first 4th of July west of the Mississippi. The date was marked by naming a waterway, "Independence Creek." At dusk, they fired their cannon and an extra ration of whiskey was doled out.

...in 1917, American WWI troops celebrate Independence Day by marching through Paris to the tomb of Marquis de Lafayette, a member of the French aristocracy and hero of the American Revolution.

...in 1826, old friends and patriots, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, passed away within hours of one another on the day they helped make famous. After the Declaration of Independence was signed, Adams went to France as ambassador while Jefferson went home to Virginia to be governor. Adams later became Vice-President under Washington and Jefferson was appointed Secretary of State. Adams and Jefferson developed very different political ideals, Adams' Federalist Party supported a strong Federal government and conservative property rights. Jefferson's Democratic-Republicans, which grew into the Democrat Party, was more interested in less government and states' rights. (Ironically, just the opposite of today's Democrat party ideals.) Adams and Jefferson both retired to their farms but kept up a lively correspondence that today, still document American political ideals.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Johnadamsvp.flipped.jpg/225px-Johnadamsvp.flipped.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Tj3.gif
John Adams and Thomas Jefferson - patriots,
past Presidents of the United States and bitter political
opposites. Late in life, they became friends. Their lively
correspondence documents early government ideals.
The two, ironically, died within hours of one another
on July 4, 1826.

That's it. That's all we know as of 4:31 PM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 21 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1946, the first Summer after the way in Europe, Louis Reard, a French designer, introduced a daring new fashion design at a popular Paris swimming pool. The two piece bathing suit was dubbed a "bikini" because the United States had made an atomic test on the Bikini Atoll earlier that same week. Professional models refused to wear the new suit, so Reard hired a stripper to model the suit. Reard advertised that a swim suit was not a genuine Bikini unless it could be pulled through a wedding ring. The Bikini swept through Europe, but not in America, where prudish outlooks kept it away until 1960, when Brian Hyland's novelty record, Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polka Dot Bikini, became a hit in 1960.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d4/MichelineBernardini.jpg/180px-MichelineBernardini.jpg
Micheline Bernardini was hired to
model Reard's "bikini" because fashion
models refused to wear the radical design.

...in 1865, Methodist Minister William Booth and his wife, Catherine, established the Christian Mission in London. The organization was modeled after the British army with officers and recruits. In 1878, the name was changed to The Salvation Army and opened a branch in Philadelphia. Today, it operates in more than 75 countries.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Williambooth.jpg/180px-Williambooth.jpg
William Booth

...in 1933, Adolph Hitler appointed Fritz Todt to be in charge of German highways. A civil engineer by trade, Todt's master's theory at the Technical University of Munich was entitled, Sources of defects in the construction of tarmac and asphalt road surfaces." (Doesn't that sound exciting?) His charter was to develop the Autobahn. The system was the envy of the world, and when General Eisenhower saw the speed and ease that the Wehrmacht was able to move materiel demonstrated how good roads are tied to good economic development. Todt fell out of favor with Nazi leaders when he suggested that the Russian front was consuming far too much materiel and should be terminated. He died in a plane crash in 1942. Some say it was an assassination but no proof has ever presented to back up the claim.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1969-146-01%2C_Fritz_Todt.jpg/180px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1969-146-01%2C_Fritz_Todt.jpg
Fritz Todt (1891-1942)

...in 1975, heavy favorite Jimmy Connors was defeated by Arthur Ashe to win the Wimbledon Championship, the first black man to ever do so. Arthur Ashe died in 1993.

...in 1954, Elvis Presley recorded That's All Right, Mama for Sam Phillips, which became a hit in Memphis. Some historians mark this recording as the birth of Rock an' Roll.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/That%27s_All_Right.jpg/200px-That%27s_All_Right.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 1:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 47 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1955, the Federal Air Pollution Control act was passed, beginning the first serious study into automotive emmissions.

...in 1862, Samuel Clemens began his career as a journalist with the Virginia City, NV Territorial Enterprise when his first work appeared on this date in 1862. His brother, Orion, became the governor of Nevada and Samuel gladly followed him after spending four years on the Mississippi River. When his short story, The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calavaras County was published, he became a well known and celebrated author, known as Mark Twain.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Mark_Twain%2C_Brady-Handy_photo_portrait%2C_Feb_7%2C_1871%2C_cropped.j pg/200px-Mark_Twain%2C_Brady-Handy_photo_portrait%2C_Feb_7%2C_1871%2C_cropped.j pg
Samuel Clemens portrait
by Matthew Brady

...in 1976, the U.S. Naval Acadamy accepted 81 women as Midshipmen, for the very first time. In 1980, Elizabeth Anne Rowe became the first graduate.

...in 1957, Althea Gibson became the first African-American to win the women's singles at Wimbledon.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Althea_Gibson_NYWTS.jpg/200px-Althea_Gibson_NYWTS.jpg
Althea Gibson

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 46 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1976, the United States Military Acadamy, more commonly referred to as "West Point," enrolled women into the ranks of student. In 1980, 62 of them graduated into the army.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Class_of_1980.jpg/180px-Class_of_1980.jpg
The first women cadets graduated
from West Point in 1980.

...in 2005, terrorists pulled off a coordinated suicide bomb attack in London. Three bombs detonated in "the tube" and one in a bus, all during rush hour. 56 people died, including the bombers, and over 700 were injured in the most gruesome attack on London since World War II. Al Qaida claimed responsibility on September 1.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Russell_square_ambulances.jpg/250px-Russell_square_ambulances.jpg
First responders at Russell Square shortly
after the bombings. A memorial is scheduled
open today to honor the 52 innocent people
who died. (No one really gives a rip about the
four terrorists who died.)

...in 1928, Chrysler Corporation unveiled the Plymouth line of midsize, "popular price" cars to compete with Ford and GM. At $670, the Plymouth was attractive and sold nearly 80,000 units. (In comparison, Ford sold 611,850 first-year 1928 Model A's. They actually sold more but were unable to deliver them due to start-up production problems and sold 1.5 million units in 1929.) Chrysler went on to purchase the Dodge line from the estates of John and Horace Dodge, then introduced the DeSoto. Chrysler was the only American car company to pay dividends during the Great Depression and even topped their 1929 sales figures in 1933. Production of the DeSoto line came to an end in 1958 and the Plymouth nameplate was retired in 2001.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/1928-plymouth-archives.jpg/180px-1928-plymouth-archives.jpg

...in 1900, Warren Earp was shot and killed during a gunfight in Wilcox, Arizona. The youngest, and least famous, of the Earp brothers, along with the oldest Earp brother, James, did not participate in the shoot-out with the Clantons and McLaury's in Tombstone, Arizona, that has become known as the "Gunfight At The OK Corral." The gunfight become the stuff of legend for novelists and film makers, elevating Morgan, Virgil and Wyatt, along with a dentist known as Doc Holliday, to icon status of the west. Many folks just do not seem to know that they were real people.

http://www.discoverseaz.com/Graphics/Attractions/WillCem.jpg
The alleged grave of
Warren Earp, in Wilcox, AZ.

...in 1928, the Chillicothe Baking Company, in Chillecothe, Missouri, became the first commercial bakery to use Otto Frederick Rohwedder's patented bread slicer. Their product, called "Kleen Maid Sliced Bread" was an instant success. Rohwedder, from Davenport, Iowa, built his first prototype bread slicer in 1912, but it was lost in a fire. It took until 1927 for him to perfect a fully working machine. Gustav Papendick, a baker in St. Louis, purchased Rohwedder's second machine and set out to improve it by finding a way to wrap the sliced loaves, using a cardboard tray. Holsum Bread began marketing sliced bread in 1928, and in 1930, Wonder Bread began to distribute and market sliced bread nationwide. In fact, the Wonder Bread ad campaign might well be the source of the phrase, "Greatest thing since sliced bread." To this day, the phrase seems to use the benchmark of Rohwedder's bread slicer as the epitome of American ingenuity.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/St._Louis_electrical_bread_slicer%2C_1930.png
This electric bread machine was in use in St. Louis when the
photo was taken. The people in the photo are unidentified but the
man may be Gustav Papendick, showing Otto Frederick Rohwedder's
patented bread slicer. It was the greatest invention since, well,
sliced bread.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 20 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1951, the City of Paris celebrated its 2,000th birthday. Modern Paris is a city of 2 million with about 12 million in the metropolitan area. About 250 B.C., a tribe called the Parisii settled on an island in the River Seine, and by 52 B.C. the city had been taken over by the Roman Empire. As the city expanded from the island, the Left Bank became known as the intellectual center while the Right Bank became known for business. Paris is still known as the center for fashion, art and culture.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Paris_Night.jpg/800px-Paris_Night.jpg
Paris, France, La Ville-Lumière the "City of Lights".

...in 1951, in Milwaukee, Joel Thorne rented a Cadillac and drove it in a 150 mile stock car race. Thorne was a rather off-beat socialite and heir to a fortune, and seemed determined to spend every dollar his trust fund gave him. He started Thorne Engineering in Los Angeles, and dreamed of winning the Indy 500. He didn't win it, himself anyway, but his driver, George Robson, won the 1946 Indy 500, the first one after the War.

...in 1871, the New York Times began running a series of articles that exposed the incredible corruption in New York City government, run by William "Boss" Tweed who amassed a fortune in his post as head of the DPW. Contractors were told by Tweed to inflate their invoices by muliplying the amounts by five, ten or 100 times. The invoices were approved by Mayor A. Oakley Hall and Parks Commissioner Peter Sweeny. Checks were issued by Controller Connoly. An intermediary cashed the checks, with the original invoice amount being paid to the contractor with the rest of the money going to Hall, Sweeny, Connolly and Tweed. Tweed escaped and was on his way to Spain when authorities apprised Spanish officials of his escape. He was recognized by Spanish law officers from the cartoons drawn by Thomas Nast. He was returned to New York and returned to prison, where he died in 1878.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Tweed-le-de-n-Tilden-dum.jpg/270px-Tweed-le-de-n-Tilden-dum.jpg
Tweed-le-de and Tilden-Dum, a typical
depiction of Boss Tweed. Nast's cartoons
allowed his capture in Spain.

...in 1960, Francis Gary Powers went on trial in the Soviet Union, charged with espionage. Powers was a pilot for the CIA, flying a U-2, a product of the Lockheed "Skunk Works." The secret aircraft was capable of flying at 80,000 feet, right on the edge of the atmosphere and well out of range of Soviet anti-aircraft missles. The plane was equipped with cameras designed to shoot detailed photos from that altitude. The Soviets shot down the plane at a lower altitude as it crossed into Soviet airspace and Powers was unable to activate the self-destruct mechanism as he baled out into the hands of the KGB. The plane was captured almost intact, leaving no doubt as to the mission and greatly embarrassing the Eisenhower administration. The incident set back Soviet-American relations for several years. Powers was released as part of a spy exchange. Employed to pilot a helicopter for a Los Angeles television station, he died in 1977 crash when his helicopter ran out of fuel.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Usaf.u2.750pix.jpg/300px-Usaf.u2.750pix.jpg

The U-2 is still in service, used to gather intelligence and for callibration of satellites. It is very diffiuclt to fly and worse to land. A modified Ford Mustang acts as a chase car during landings, calling out telemetry readings to aid the pilot in landing the odd aircraft.

...in 1776, the Liberty Bell rang out from Indepedence Hall (as the building is now called) to call citizens to hear the first public reading of the Declaration of Independence. The bell is inscribed with the biblical quotation, "Proclaim Liberty Throughout All the Land unto All the Inhabitants Thereof." It cracked in 1835 during the funeral of Chief Justice John Marshall. The dulled sound of the bell was broadcast around the world on June 6, 1944 when Allied forces stormed Normandy. The bell was moved to its current site, a pavillion close to Independence Hall, in 1976.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Libertybell_alone_small.jpg
Sousa's Liberty Bell March was supposed to honor this
icon of American Independence but is best remembered as the
theme song to Monty Python's Flying Circus.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 49 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1877, the All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club began holding a lawn tennis tournament in a town away from London, called Wimbledon. London grew and swallowed the town but not the tournament, and Wimbledon is recognized as the tennis tournament in the world, and is the only major tournament still held on grass.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Centre_Court_Wimbledon_%282%29.jpg/200px-Centre_Court_Wimbledon_%282%29.jpg
The Centre Court at Wimbledon now has
a closable roof to prevent rain delays.

...in 1919, Ford Motor Company was reorganized as a Delaware corporation and Edsel Ford was named as president. It was a clever ploy by Henry Ford to buy out minority stockholders in order for him to take 100% control of the auto company that bore his name. Two of the initial stockholders from the beginning in 1903, were brothers named John and Horace Dodge. They used their fortune to start their own automobile company and buying them out of Ford Motor Company was Henry's top priority. Although Edsel was listed as president, a post he held until he died in 1943, there was no doubt that Henry was in charge. When the buyout was complete, Ford Motor Company held 60% of the American car market.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Edsel_Bryant_Ford.jpg/250px-Edsel_Bryant_Ford.jpg
Edsel Bryant Ford (1893-1943)
Edsel Ford was a styling genius and a
well-known and respected philanthropist in
the Detroit area.

...in 1948, Leroy "Satchel" Paige pitched two innings for the Cleveland Indians, making his major league debut in the recently integrated league. Arguably the greatest pitcher to ever play the game, Paige was known for his lightning fastball and a series of trick pitches that baffled batters. The nickname came from his boyhood days of handling luggage at the Mobile, Alabama train station. (In one of Joe DiMaggio's last minor league appearances, he went 1-4 against Paige. He later said, "I knew I could make it in the big leagues because I hit off Satch." Paige was also known for his pithy sayings, bravado and showmanship. In an exhibition game, after hearing racial insults from a white batter, he called the outfielders in and had the other eight players sit in a semi circle behind the mound. He then struck out the side. He pitched for the Kansas City Athletics in 1965 at the age of 59, well, maybe. No one really knows his age but he is recognized as the oldest player to pitch in the major leagues. He was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1971. His secret? "Avoid fried foods that angry up the blood." He was one of a kind.

http://www.freewebs.com/baseballhound/photos/paige.jpg
Leroy "Satchel" Paige (18XX?-1982)
He is buried on Paige Island in the Forest Hill
Memorial Park Cemetery in Kansas City.

...in 1960, President Dwight Eisenhower and Soviet Premier Krushchev began exchanging heated words over Cuba. Fidel Castro had overthrown the Cuban government in January, 1959. The already tense atmosphere between the giants (see yesterday's update) escalated as Krushchev vowed to make Cuba a Communist regime. United States corporations had their Cuban facilities nationalized and Castro expelled American personnel. Cuba began shipping sugar to Russia instead of the United States, causing a food price crisis. Eisenhower began to design an overthrow of the Castro regime, a plan that John Kennedy inherited and resulted in the failed Bay of Pigs invasion. Eisenhower severed diplomatic ties with Cuba, which still stands, and the Cuban situation reached its peak in May, 1963 with the missile crisis.

...in 1941, British cryptologists broke the German army Enigma codes. The Enigma machine was a complex coding device that required the same device to decode messages. The Germans thought the Enigma code to be unbreakable, but they were wrong. Until the 1970s, work at Bletchly Park, a center of British Intelligence, remained secret. (Over 10,000 people worked at Bletchley Park during the war and all remained silent about their work!) What is recognized as one of, if not the first, digital computer named "Colossus" was built by Tommy Flowers and a team of researchers. Also little known was that Alan Turing, an English cryptologist, built a computer named "Bombe" that was also used to break the codes. The device was inspired by a Polish computer, designed by Polish cryptologist Marian Rejewski, that was known as the "Cryptologic bomb." All ten Colossus computers and the Bombe were destroyed at the end of the war and remained secret. It is only in the last few years that the story of the world's first computers, built to decrypt Engima messages, have come to light.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/ColossusRebuild_11.jpg/140px-ColossusRebuild_11.jpg
In 1994, a project was undertaken to
reproduce Colossus, the first digital computer,
used at Bletchly Park to break the German
Enigma codes.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/TuringBombeBletchleyPark.jpg/300px-TuringBombeBletchleyPark.jpg
The console of the Bombe. A set of
rotors acted as the rotors of an Engima machine,
turned quickly by motors to perform a logic test on
possible candidates for an encrypted character. The
Enigma would never encode a letter with the real letter,
greatly enhancing the ability to search for encoded
characters. Experts say codebreaking at Bletchley Park
shortened the war by at least two years!

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bombe-rebuild.jpg/280px-Bombe-rebuild.jpg
The back of the reproduced Bombe in the
Bletchley Park Museum. The British gave the specs
to the US Army that contracted NCR in Dayton to
build Bombes for use in American codebreaking efforts.

...in 1947, Florence Blanchfield was made a lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Army, the first woman to hold a permanent officer rank. Known as the "Little Colonel," because she was only 5' 1" tall, she had been an Army nurse since 1917 and served as superintendent of the Army Nurse Corps during WW II. The Colonel Florence A. Blanchfield Army Community Hospital in Fort Campbell, Kentucky was named for her in September, 1982.

http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/blanch.jpg
Florence Aby Blanchfield (1884-1971)
Col. Blanchfield is intered at Arlington
National Cemetery.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 49 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1861, the Confederate States of America signed a treaty with the Creek Indians, along with other Native American tribes. The Union also signed treaties with Native Americans to fight in the Civil War. The Native Americans fought on both sides with distinction, although, they did not face artillery very well.

...in 1907, a post office was established in Oldsmar, Florida. The town was a planned community designed and backed by Ransom Eli Olds, the founder of Oldsmoblie and REO Trucks. Olds was not successful and wound up selling out and losing over $3 million dollars, a massive sum of money in 1907!

http://pics2.city-data.com/city/tmap/tr3082.png
Oldsmar, Florida by satellite. The city features an
annual car show - guess what brand of auto is featured?

...in 1925, the Scopes Monkey Trial began in Dayton, Tennessee. A Tennessee law stated that it was a misdemeanor to "...teach any theory that denies the story of the Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible, and to teach instead that man has descended from a lower order of animals." Scopes had conspired with the ACLU [what a suprise :rolleyes:] to get arrested and go to trial to challenge the law. High profile lawyers, Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan, took center stage. Darrow humiliated Bryan for his fundamentalist viewpoints. Bryan died just five days after the trial ended. The guilty verdict was overturned by the Tennessee Supreme Court on a technicality and the law's constitutionality was not resolved until 1968 when the Supreme Court overturned a similar Arkansas law based on the First Amendment.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/John_t_scopes.jpg/180px-John_t_scopes.jpg
John Scopes, ca. 1925

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/54/Scopes_trial.jpg/230px-Scopes_trial.jpg
Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan
during the trial.

...in 1992, the conviction of Joseph Hazelwood was overturned by the Alaskan court of appeals. Hazelwood had been the captain of the Exxon Valdez when it ran aground and caused the largest environmental disaster in American history. The Exxon Valdez was repaired and rechristened the Sea River Mediterranean and still transports oil, but is prohibited from entering Prince William Sound. Hazelwood was convicted of negligently discharging oil. He was fined $50,000 and sentenced to 1,000 hours of community service, picking up trash on Alaska highways.

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_6RO_Sj6Lf0g/Scjwc9bDcuI/AAAAAAAABKk/YPSEzm7wlNU/s200/_1644086_hazelwood150.jpg
Joseph Hazelwood had his
conviction overturned but can't
find a job at sea. He has been a
teacher in a maritime school and
consults to a New York law firm.

...in 1940, the German Lüftwaffe began the first of many bombing raids against England, begining the Battle of Britain. The British Air Force, although badly outnumbered, had the advantage. First, because Britain had radar, making sneak attacks virtually impossible. The Spitfire could out maneuver the German ME-109, Hurricanes were equiped with a 40mm cannon and American Browning machine guns. When it was over, three and a half months later, Winston Churchill said, "Never have so many owed so much to so few."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Battle_of_britain_air_observer.jpg/300px-Battle_of_britain_air_observer.jpg
A spotter watches the skies over London for the
Luftwaffe. St. Paul's Cathedral is in the background.

That's it. That's all we know as of 1:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 29 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In HIstory...

...in 1979, Skylab, the first American space station, crashed to earth in a spectacular firey re-entry and crashed into the Indian Ocean. There were no injuries. The last manned use of Skylab had been five years prior and the orbit simply degraded, causing the crash. Space junk crashing to earth was nothing new, part of a Soviet Sputnik survived re-entry and landed in Manitowoc, Wisconsin's 8th Street in 1964. Unlike the Russians in 1960, the Americans were able to direct Skylab into the Indian Ocean where it caused no damage.

http://www.rahrwestartmuseum.org/images/sputnik/ringinst.jpg
The bronze ring in North 8th Street where a piece of
Sputnik IV landed on September 5, 1962. The Russians
failed to fire retro rockets properly, and lost control of the
satellite in 1960. It re-entered on its own with a portion of it
landing on 8th Street. It was forgotten about (except in
Manitowoc) until the breakup and re-entry of Skylab.

...in 1916, President Woodrow Wilson signed the Federal Highway Act, providing funding to states to build and maintain roads. In 1913, the Lincoln Highway Association began to build America's first coast-to-coast paved highway, educating Americans to the need for good roads. The Federal Highway Act was not far reaching, but did pave the way (so to speak) for the good roads movement to expand. It was not until another highway act was passed in 1926 that today's familiar system of highways came to be.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Lincoln%20Highway/getimage-idxviewidLHC1941cclinchigh.jpg
Iowa Mud - the rich soil in Iowa that is great for
farming wasn't so great for motorists. The rich soil
turned into a tire-sucking gumbo when it rained.
This type of frustration led to the Good Roads Movement
that culminated in passage of the Federal Highway Act
of 1916. Highways still had a long way to go, however.
--Photo courtesy of the University of Michigan Special Collections.

...in 1804, Alexander Hamilton died at the hands of Aaron Burr in a duel. Both men were from New York, but the duel was held in Weehawkin, NJ because New Jersey did not have a law against dueling but New York did.

...in 1938, Orson Wells and John Houseman went on network radio with the Mercury Theater on the Air. The anthology provided weekly drama, and is best remembered for their presentation of The War of The Worlds at Halloween, setting off a panic as people believed it to be a true news broadcast and that the Martians were really invading Earth.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Orson_Welles_1937.jpg/220px-Orson_Welles_1937.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/John_Houseman.jpg/220px-John_Houseman.jpg
Orson Welles and John Houseman.
Houseman would go on to later fame with
Academy Award winning portrayal of a law
professor in The Paper Chase and as
voice of E.F. Hutton in a series of 1980s
television spots. He also did a cameo as a
driving instructor in The Naked Gun.

...in 1985, sanity returned to make everything right with the world. Arguably the most colossal marketing error in history was made in 1985 when Coca-Cola decided to screw with a winner and introduce "New Coke." The "Cola Wars" had pretty much shaken out all competitors except Coke and Pepsi. A lively competition between Coke and Pepsi had gone on for decades, and in an attempt to take over the market entirely, Coke officials thought they had a winner in "New Coke." They didn't. The public hated it and demanded the return of the product it loved. On July 11, Coca-Cola announced the return of "Classic Coke" and tried to keep the new formula on the market as just plain, "Coke." Officials finally quietly admitted that they had made a blunder with "New Coke."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Newcokebottle2.jpg
EEEeeeeyyyyyeeeewwwwww!

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 69 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1861, Wild Bill Hickok was involved in a gunfight in Rock Creek, Nebraska where he cooly shot three men. Harper's New Monthly Magazine published a report of the gun fight, claiming he had shot nine men singlehandedly. For another 15 years, he performed actual feats of bravado, but again, the legend grew larger than the real events. Hickok was born in Homer, Illinois, where his father's farm was a stop on the underground railroad. He was a crack shot as a youth, protecting the farm from slave hunters. He was an army scout, buffalo hunter, US Marshall and he even owend a ranch in what is now Lenexa, Kansas. He was also a gambler. While serving in Jim Lane's Free State Army (a vigilante group) 18 year old Hickok befriended 12 year old William Cody and they became life-long friends. While playing poker in Deadwood, in the Black HIlls of the Dakota Territory on August 2,1876, he was shot in the head by a would-be gunfighter. He was holding a pair of aces and a pair of eights while waiting for the fifth card to be dealt. To this day, aces and eights is known as "The Dead Man's Hand." It is difficult to separate the man from the legend and the myth from the facts, but Wild Bill Hickok remains a larger than life character in American history.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Wild-Bill-Buffalo-Bill.jpg/200px-Wild-Bill-Buffalo-Bill.jpg
Wild Bill, Texas Jack Omohundro and
Buffalo Bill Cody in 1873.

...in 1957, President Dwight Eisenhower became the first President to fly in a helicopter. Igor Sikorsky made the first successful helicopter flight in 1939 but the army did not begin serious testing of helicopters until 1947. Ten years later, President Eisenhower asked the Secret Service to look into a Presidential helicopter and the idea was approved. A Bell 47-J was converted for Eisenhower's use, a newer version of the 47-G that is familiar to anyone who ever watched M*A*S*H. The helicopter was used to take Eisenhower to Camp David and to his farm that adjoins the battlefield at Gettysburg.

http://www.bell47helicopterassociation.org/bell%2047%20j2a%20la.jpg
Bell 47-J Helicopter

...in 1862, President Abraham Lincoln signed a bill to create the Congressional Medal of Honor. The law was originally designated for enlisted men during the Civil War. It was later made permanent and expanded to all ranks. The award is conferred upon those who, in combat, have risked their lives above and beyond the call of duty.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/US-MOH-1862.png/100px-US-MOH-1862.png
The 1862 version of
the Medal of Honor

...in 1984, Walter Mondale had secured the Democrat Party nomination for President, and announced on July 12 that Representative Geraldine Ferraro, of New York, would be his running mate. She held her own in a tough campaign, but the ticket lost to Ronald Reagan in an absolute landslide. Reagan had 525 of 538 possible electoral votes, the highest total in history. (The only state Mondale carried was his home state of Minnesota and even that was by a margin of only 3,800 votes.)

http://eightiesclub.tripod.com/bd353cc0.jpg
Ronald Reagan quipped during a debate in Kansas
City, "I will not make age an issue of this campaign. I
am not going to exploit, for political purposes, my
opponent's youth and inexperience."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 49 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Date In History...

...in 1985, Princess Diana and Prince Charles opened Live Aid at Wembly Stadium in London. A Live Aid concert was also held at RFK Stadium in Washington, D.C. Live Aid was the brainchild of Bob Geldof, the muscians involved had recorded Do They Know It's Christmas and in the United States, a similar group released We Are The World written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Ritchie. All procedes from both recordings went to famine relief, and both recordings quickly went to #1 on the charts of both countries. Eventually, $127 Million was raised for famine relief.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/LiveAidlogo.jpg/230px-LiveAidlogo.jpg
Phil Collins appeared at Wembly, then took
the Concorde to New York and a helicopter to
Philadelphia to appear in both venues.

...in 1960, John F. Kennedy was nominated as the Democrat candidate for President, narrowly defeating Lyndon Johnson of Texas. The next day, Johnson was chosen to be Kennedy's running mate. In November, the Kennedy-Johnson ticket defeated Richard Nixon and Henry Cabot Lodge by the narrowest margin in history, 49.7% for Kennedy and 49.6% for Nixon. Kennedy would not live out his term, he was assasinated on November 22, 1963.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrai t.jpg/175px-John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrai t.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg/225px-37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg
John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson

...in 1995, Chrysler Corporation opened a dealership in Hanoi, Viet Nam and one week later in Ho Chi Minh City. Chysler had a long-term goal of building assembly plants in Viet Nam, as did Ford and Toyota. Chrysler anticipated selling 60,000 vehicles per year in Viet Nam. Some veterans' groups were not pleased with Chrysler's decision to open the Viet Nam market, but other groups felt it was time to move on. They viewed Chryler's operations as a way of promoting healing and a way of opening access to the country.

...in 1938, a television theater opened in Boston. About 200 people paid 25¢ to watch a 9x12 black and white screen. Development of television would stop during the war and commercial broadcasts would not become widespread until after the war. Of course, a side benefit of television development was Radar, an incredibly important tool during WW II.

...in 1930, the first World Cup Tournament was held in Montevideo, Uruguay. France defeated Mexico 4-1 and the United States defeated Belgium 3-0 in the first matches ever held simultaneously. Soccer had been dropped from the 1932 Olympics in Los Angeles, so the international sanctioning body, FIFA, helped to organize a world tournament in 1930. Uruguay had won the gold metals in the Olympics of 1924 (Paris) and 1928 (Amsterdam) was selected to host the tournament, a most unpopular decision. (It would be like the NFL having scheduled all playoff games in Dallas in the 1990's.) On July 30, 1930, Uruguay defeated Argentina as 93,000 fans watched. The World Cup is now the largest spectator event in the world.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Estadiocentenario.JPG/250px-Estadiocentenario.JPG
Estadio Centenario was the home of most of
the tournament matches.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 26 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1955, Volkswagen introduced the Karmann-Ghia in an attempt to have an upscale image car. Ford had the Thunderbird, Chevrolet had the Corvette and Chrysler had proposed several dream cars, none of which came to market. Volkswagen contracted with body builder, Karmann who, in turn, contracted with Ghia Studios. Ghia used an unused deign, probably for Chrysler or Studebaker, and converted it to fit on the VW chassis. It had sleek lines and looked sharp, but with VW's 36hp engine, it was a sheep in wolf's clothing. (Picture a Concorde with prop engines.) With a larger engine, it sold well and maintained its popularity well into the 1970's, being discontinued in 1974.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/MarignyMay07KarmannGhiaFrontSide.jpg/250px-MarignyMay07KarmannGhiaFrontSide.jpg
Typical "Type 14" Volkswagon Karmann-Ghia

...in 1881, Henry McCarty was shot to death at the Maxwell Ranch in New Mexico by Sheriff Pat Garrett. McCarty was the most wanted man in the west, popularly known as, "Billy the Kid." On April 1, 1878, Billy the Kid shot Sheriff William Brady and a deputy in Lincoln, New Mexico as a part of the Lincoln County War. Brady had sided with ranchers opposed to Billy the Kid's employer, John Tunstall. Brady had shot and killed Tunstall, so Billy the Kid vowed to kill everyone who had been involved in the murder. At the age of 18, Billy the Kid had murdered 17 men. When captured, at his trial, the judge sentenced him to hang "...until you are dead, dead, dead." Billy replied, "You can go to hell, hell, hell." He escaped, killing two guards, but was shot to death in an ambush by Garrett in a justifiable homicide.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Billykid.jpg/225px-Billykid.jpg
This ferrotype is the only known
image of Henry McCarty
aka Billy the Kid.

...in 1882, speaking of western legends, John "Dutch" Ringo was found dead in Turkey Creek, Arizona. He was the basis of so many western characters that it's difficult to remember that he was a real person. In fact, there is little evidence that Johnny Ringo was the wild outlaw of legend, and that he might not have ever really been in a gunfight. (He did kill at least 5 unarmed men.) Ringo did manage to be around notorious criminals, starting with the James Brothers in Missouri. He liked to drink, and when in his cups, Ringo recited Shakespeare. It is reported that his wit was as quick as his gun. Although he was in Tombstone at the same time, he was not a part of the famous gunfight at the OK Corral. He did challenge Wyatt Earp to a duel, which Earp declined, and even Doc Holliday managed to get involved. (Ringo hated Holliday.) On this date, Ringo's body was found and was declared a suicide, although, two of his companions were suspected of shooting him. Later, Wyatt Earp claimed to have shot him. The reality of his death remains a mystery.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Johnny_Ringo.jpeg/200px-Johnny_Ringo.jpeg
John Peters "Dutch" Ringo

...in 1099, the first crusade captured Jurusalem from the Turks. European pilgrimages to the Holy Land had been made since the rule of Constantine, with little or no difficulty. Jerusalem had been held by Muslims since 638, but tolerant Arab rule meant the pilgrimages were virtually uninterrupted. By 1071, the Seljuk Turks had captured much of Asia Minor and in 1079, they had taken control of Jerusalem and ended all pilgrimages. The first crusade began in 1096, organized by Pope Urban II in response to a plea for help from Byzantine Emporer Alexius I. The capture of Jerusalem resulted in the establishment of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Country of Tripoli, the Principality of Antioch and the Country of Edessa. While the Crusade was part of a Christian response to Islamic conquests, it also served to reopen international trade that had been interrupted in the fall of the Roman Empire.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/1099jerusalem.jpg/300px-1099jerusalem.jpg
The capture of Jerusalem

...in 1789, French Revolutionaries attacked and took control of the Bastille. Originally built in 1370 as a fortress to protect Paris from British attack, it had become a prison for politcal prisoners, held without trial, and a symbol of the tyrany of the rule of Louis XVI and his wife, Marie Antoinette. The Bastille was also a repository for arms and ammunition, which was the real target of the crowd. (The seven people held in the prison were of no real political significance.) The revolution was a bloody decade, and in 1793, Louis and Marie had a date with Madame Guillotine. They were buried, slightly shorter than they had been in life. Today, the event is celebrated in France as Bastille Day, or "le quatorze juillet," the 14th of July.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpg/250px-Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpg
The painting Prise de la Bastille by
Jean-Pierre-Louis-Laurent Houel represents
storming the Bastille.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 58 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1971, President Richard M. Nixon announced that he would visit Communist China. It was an announcement that stunned many, as Nixon had been a staunch anti-communist since 1949. The goal was to normalize relations with China, partially to help seek peace in Viet Nam (North Viet Nam was a Chinese ally) and to help put pressure on the Soviet Union, who had recently severed ties with China. Neither worked, but it did open the door to trade with China.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Nixon_Mao_1972-02-29.png/300px-Nixon_Mao_1972-02-29.png
Mao Zedong and Richard Nixon in 1972.

...in 1992, Bill Clinton was declard the Democrat candidate for President to run against President George H.W. Bush. Clinton won the election with only 43% of the popular vote. President Bush received 37.4% and independent, Ross Perot, received 18.9% of the vote. (In 1996, President Clinton would defeat Senator Bob Dole of Kansas with 49.24% of the vote, meaning he never had a majority vote for President, one of three Presidents to never enjoy a majority vote. Fifteen Presidents have been elected with less than the majority of the popular vote, including Abraham Lincoln, Harry Truman and Richard Nixon.)

...in 1964, Senator Barry Goldwater, of Arizona, was declared the Republican candidate fro President to run against President Lyndon Johnson. The Democrats portrayed him as a warmonger, who would escalate the war in Viet Nam. The campaign used an effective television ad that had no words or voice over. It portrayed a little girl holding a flower, followed by a mushroom cloud. Johnson won the popular vote, 61% to 39%. In a twist of irony, Johnson escalated the American involvement in Viet Nam. You can see the spot here, at the LBJ Library and Museum (http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/media/daisyspot/).

...in 1606, Rembrandt van Rijn was born in Leiden, The Netherlands. His painting style reflected a depth of the human spirit and his rich colors and brush work are still much appreciated today. He work included over 600 paintings, several self portraits and portraiture. He died in 1669.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Rembrandt_van_rijn-self_portrait.jpg/180px-Rembrandt_van_rijn-self_portrait.jpg
Rembrandt van Rijn
Self-portrait ca. 1661.

...in 1806, Zebulon Pike set out from Missouri through Kansas and Nebraska to find the source of the Arkansas (pronounced "Ar-kan-sas") River and to explore the American Southwest. In his travels, he found the mountain that bears his name then headed south. He was intercepted by Spanish officials who charged him with illegal entry into New Mexico. (Sounds familiar, doesn't it?) His party was escorted to Santa Fe, to Chihuahua, up through Texas and finally to the Louisiana border. He reported back to Washington on the strength of the Spanish military in what is now the Southwest of the United States. He died in 1913 during the War of 1812.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Zebulon_Pike.jpg
Zebulon Pike, Jr.

...in 1939, Carl Fisher died in Miami at the age of 65. An extraordinary entrepreneuer, Fisher became a multi-millionaire with Prest-O-Lite Corporation, manufacturing a system that produced carbide gas on an automobile's running board to fuel headlights. In 1910, he bought land west of Indianapolis and built a 2-1/2 mile track that was paved with bricks. He offered a huge purse for a 500 mile race, and to this day, the Indianapolis 500 is the premier automobile race in the world and the track is still known as, "The Brickyard." In 1912, he proposed the building of a paved highway from coast-to-coast which became the Lincoln Highway. Later, he developed the Dixie Highway, to lead northerners to Florida, directly to his new development, Miami Beach. A bad land investment on Long Island, NY, the crash of land values in Florida in 1926 and the stock market crash of 1929 bankrupted him, and he died, essentially penniless, on this day in 1939.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Carl_G_Fisher_1909.jpg/180px-Carl_G_Fisher_1909.jpg
Carl Graham Fisher (1874-1939)
Fisher's ex-wife, Jane Fisher, was married to him
from 1909 to 1926. She wrote a biography of Fisher
called Fabulous Hoosier in which she said, "He
was all speed. I don't believe he ever thought in
terms of money. He made millions, but they were
incidental. He often said, 'I just like to see the dirt fly.'"

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

Think you know about the Presidents? Try this little quiz about the first ten Presidents and see if you're as smart as a Fourth Grader (http://www.teachervision.fen.com/us-presidency/quiz/2763.html).

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 42 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1790, Washington D.C became the official seat of the United States Government. The site chosen by congress was swamp, mosquito-infested, humid and muddy but offered access to navigable rivers. The federal District of Columbia was named after the Revolutionary War hero and first President, George Washington. The city was designed by French architect, Pierre L'Enfant. In 1793, a design was selected and construction began on the President's Mansion (later renamed The White House.) Although Washington would never live in it, he selected the design of James Hoban from nine designs submitted in a competition. Washington added some design features, including enlarging the structure and adding a large reception hall that today is the East Room. The White House was not completed until 1800 and was partially burned by the British in the War of 1812. It was also a target of terrorists on 9/11 but it still remains the most recognizable address in the United States: 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/77/HobanWHProgressDrawing.jpg
James Hoban submitted the winning design for the "President's Mansion
from nine entries in a competition to select a design.

...in 1969, Apollo 11 was launched from Cape Canaveral in the first manned mission to the moon. Michael Collins, Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong rode the enormous Saturn V rocket to infamy. Armstrong and Aldrin would ride the lunar module, named Eagle to the moon's surface on July 20. Armstrong became the first man to set foot on the moon. When Apollo 11 successfully splashed down on July 24, the mission fulfilled the late President John F. Kennedy's goal of successfully landing a man on the moon and safely returning him home, and beating the Russians to it.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Apollo_11_Launch2.jpg/180px-Apollo_11_Launch2.jpg
T + 0:00:05 July 16, 1969
The giant Saturn V launch vehicle, carrying
Apollo 11, is on the way to the moon!

...in 1999, John F. Kennedy, Junior perished in a plane crash in the Atlantic Ocean. He was piloting a Piper Saratoga on a dark night 200 miles over the Atlantic Ocean between New Jersey and Martha's Vineyard. The wreckage was found in 116 feet of water, about 8 miles from land. The bodies of Kennedy, his wife Carolyn and her sister, Lauren Bessette were recovered by Navy divers on July 21.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/JFK_jr_under_presidents_desk.jpg/180px-JFK_jr_under_presidents_desk.jpg
One of the most famous photos of
John Kennedy, Jr. is this one, as he plays
under his father's desk in the Oval Office.

...in 1779, General Anthony Wayne earned his nickname, "Mad" Anthony Wayne for enthusiastically accepting a mission against the British that was thought to be pointless, but he pulled it off with a minimum of casualties. In 1794, he went on to win battles against Bristish-backed Indians the Northwest Territory near what is now Toledo, gaining much of the land that now comprises Ohio, Indiana and Michigan. Many cities, counties, schools and companies in the area bear his name.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8d/General_Anthony_Wayne_Statue.JPG/180px-General_Anthony_Wayne_Statue.JPG
This statue of General "Mad" Anthony Wayne
stands in Friemann Square in his namesake,
Fort Wayne, Indiana.

...in 1945, The Manhattan Project proved its worth about 60 miles from Almagordo, New Mexico, at a location known as "The Trinity Site." It was the location of the successful detonation of the first nuclear bomb in history. Plans for a uranium device began in 1939 when Italian immigrant Enrico Fermi, proposed using fissionable materials as a weapon. Albert Einstein wrote to President Roosevelt supporting the theory that an uncontrolled chain reaction would wreak immeasurable damage. With a fear that Axis powers were working on such a project, the government made a grant for reasearch. Fermi created the first controlled chain reaction at the University of Chicago in 1943. The research continued in New Mexico under Robert J. Oppenheimer, with Fermi and several other of the most brilliant minds in America. The $6,000 grant ballooned into $2 billion, an incredible amount of money in 1945. On July 16, 1945, the nuclear genie was released from the lamp and the world would never be the same.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Trinity_Gadget.png/300px-Trinity_Gadget.png
Gadget

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Trinity_explosion2.jpeg/300px-Trinity_explosion2.jpeg
At 0.016 seconds after detonation, "Gadget" released a
fireball about 600 feet wide. The black objects in the front of the
fireball are trees, providing a scale by which to judge the size
of the fireball.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 43 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...(And it has been a very busy date!)...

...in 1776, General William Howe and his brother, Admiral Richard Viscount Howe sent a letter to General George Washington, offering to open peace negotiations. The Howes had the authority to put down the rebellion, but also the authority to negotiate a peace allow the colonies to rejoin the British Empire and pardon those who had started the rebellion. The Howes preferred reunification to fighting, but Washington refused the letter. He did not open it, because it was addressed to "George Washington" leaving out his title of "General." Had the Howes used the title, it would have meant recognition of the military of the united colonies that the British did not allow to exist. The "snub" forced the Howes to attack, taking Long Island, but they allowed the colonists to escape to Manhattan. The Howes hoped their demonstration of overwhelming strength, tempered with charity, would cause the colonists to enter into peace talks. Because the British refused to recognize independence, the Patriots withdrew and the rest, as they say, is history.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/WilliamHowe1777ColorMezzotint.jpeg/225px-WilliamHowe1777ColorMezzotint.jpeg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Admiral_howe.gif
William Howe (left) and Admiral Richard Viscount Howe.
The brothers were noted for their friendliness and good will,
earning them command of the forces to be used in the colonies.
Great Britain hoped their personalities would settle the American
Revolution through peaceful means.


...in 1955, the Happiest Place on Earth opened in Anaheim, California as Walt Disney's dream, Disneyland, opened. Disney was a commercial artist from Chicago who moved to Los Angeles for the weather. A short film in 1928 called Steamboat Willy starred Mickey Mouse and the Disney empire was launched. Opening day of Disneyland was by invitation only, but thousands of counterfeit invitations were distributed and the park was overrun with uninvited guests. Food and drink ran out, rides broke down and the Mark Twain steamboat almost capsized from being overloaded. The park recovered though, and today 14 million guests visit Disneyland each year and the park grosses $3 billion per year.

http://www.disneydreamer.com/history/images/waltopening.jpg
"To all who come to this happy place - welcome. Disneyland is your land. Here age relives fond memories of the past and here youth may savor the challenge and promise of the future. Disneyland is dedicated to the ideals, the dreams, and the hard facts that have created America ... with the hope that it will be a source of joy and inspiration to all the world. Thank you."
—Walter E. Disney, July 17, 1955

...in 1938, Douglas Corrigan took off from New York to fly to the west coast. Where he wound up was not what anyone, except Corrigan, expected. He was a mechanic for Charles A. Lindbergh on the Spirit of St. Louis, but Corrigan wanted to have a larger piece of history. He bought a 1929 Curtiss Robin aircraft from the junkyard and restored it. He also modified it for long distance flight and flew from California to New York non stop. That was nothing new by any means, in fact, the press was amazed that his old jalopy made it. He filed a flight plan for Europe, and was denied because it was deemed suicide. He modified his flight plan to return to California, took off, banked 180º and disappeared into a cloud bank. 28 hours later, he touched down in Dublin, Ireland, jumped out and said, "Where am I?" Corrigan became a celebrity and another term, "Wrong Way Corrigan" found its way into the American lexicon.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/eb/Wrong_Way_Corrigan.jpg/150px-Wrong_Way_Corrigan.jpg
The New York Post acknowledges the
feat of Douglas Corrigan. Corrigan never
publicly admitted that his destination had
always been Ireland.

...in 1941, a message containing British military information was transmitted from England to Germany, sent by Spaniard Juan Pujol Garcia under the codename, "Garbo." His spy ring was international, with a Dutch airline steward, a censor from the British Ministry of Information, an American GI stationed in England, a Cabinet office clerk and a Welch fascist. The Germans knew him as "Arabel" while the English knew him as Garbo. Oh, the British knew all about Garbo - he was a double agent and his ring was fictional. The Germans trusted him, though, and the distribution of disinformation was an integral part of the British war effort. Hitler awarded him the Iron Cross for his efforts! Garbo's most important disinformation came in June 1944, when he convinced Hitler that the invasion of Normandy was a diversionary tactic, designed to draw defensive forces away from the primary objective. Hitler bought it hook, line and sinker because it confirmed what German strategists already believed. Of course, it was the main invasion force and by the time the Wermacht figured it out, the Allies were well entrenched on the beaches.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Joan_pujol_garcia.jpg
"Garbo"
Juan Pujol Garcia

...also in 1941, Joe DeMaggio failed to get a hit against the Cleveland Indians, bringing his hitting streak to an end at 56 games. DiMaggio hit .408 during his streak (91 for 223), with 15 home runs and 55 RBI. It is a feat that may never be equaled. The most recent threat to the record was Paul Molitor who had a streak of 39 games when playing for the Milwaukee Brewers in 1987. More recently, Jimmy Rollins of the Phillies had two streaks of 38 and 36 games in 2005 and 2006.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/DiMaggio_cropped.jpg/200px-DiMaggio_cropped.jpg
"Joltin' Joe" DiMaggio

...in 1996, TWA Flight 800 exploded over the Atlantic Ocean, killing all 230 people on board. Suspicions of terrorism were immediate reactions but no terrorist group claimed the deed. There were unsubstantiated reports of a missile having been seen launched from Long Island, but that was never proven. The wreckage was retrieved from the ocean floor and reassembled in a secure hanger and in 1998, mechanical failure was deemed to be the cause of the explosion.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/TWA800reconstruction.jpg/260px-TWA800reconstruction.jpg
Investigation of the wreckage showed no
evidence of a terrorist act, nor has any
terrorist organization ever claimed responsibility
for the crash.

...in 1945, the Pottsdam Conference convened with President Harry Truman, Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in attendance to determine control of postwar Germany and Europe as well as to discuss the ongoing Pacific war with Japan. The conference was shadowed by mistrust and each power more concerned with its own interests than the future of Europe. The British electorate ousted Chruchill's Conservative Party and the Labour Party's Clement Attlee was now the Prime Minister. Churchill returned to Britain and with him gone from the conference, the Iron Curtain began to close upon Eastern Europe and the Cold War began.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Potsdam_conference_1945-8.jpg/250px-Potsdam_conference_1945-8.jpg
The Big Three - Clement Attlee, Harry Truman and Joseph Stalin

...in 1913, the very first film pie-in-the-face occurred in the film A Noise From The Deep when Mabel Normand clobbered Fatty Arbuckle and a Hollywood food staple was born.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had XXX candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 64,two thirds of the city of Rome was destroyed by fire. Emporer Nero rebuilt the city, but conspiracy theorists claimed Nero ordered the fire so he could rebuild Rome to his design. To this day, the phrase "Fiddling while Rome burns" is a part of the lexicon. Actually, Nero was away when the fire began and he placed blame on the Christian religious "cult" and became the first emporer to persecute Christians as scapegoats.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Great_Fire_of_Rome.jpg
The Great Fire of Rome

...in 1792, John Paul Jones died in his apartment in Paris, awaiting an appointment to the United States consul in Algiers. Jones was the naval hero of the Revolutionary War, having made many successful and daring raids on British military holdings. While in command of the USS Bonhomme Richard (named for Benjamin Franklin's alter ego) in a battle with the HMS Serapis, the Richard was struck and taking on water. The captain of the Serapis offered quarter to Jones who replied, "Sir, I have not yet begun to fight!" A few hours later, the captain of the Serapis surrendered and Jones took command of the ship. He is revered as one of the greatest naval commanders in history and is the father of the American Navy. He is buried in the Naval Acadamy Chapel at Annapolis, where a Marine honor guard stands over his tomb.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Fourth_grade_hero.jpg/200px-Fourth_grade_hero.jpg
John Paul Jones Memorial
Washington, D.C.

...in 1925, the first volume of Adolph Hitler's manifesto, Mein Kampf ("My Struggle") was published, outlining his plan for the Third Reich and the nightmare that would haunt Europe and the world. It sold a whopping 9, 473 copies in its first year but became a best seller after Hitler took command of Germany in 1933.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/8ef55d3d.png
Yawn. Hitler wanted to call this diatribe
Viereinhalb Jahre (des Kampfes) gegen
Lüge, Dummheit und Feigheit which loosely
translates to Four and a Half Years of Fighting
Against Lies, Stupidity and Cowardice, but his
publisher suggest 47 the much more compact
Mein Kampf. Perhaps, if more people had
read it and realized what was in store, he might
never have come to power.

...in 1940, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt was nominated for an unprecedented third term. Roosevelt took some heat because of the unwritten rule of Presidents only serving two terms, dating back to Washington only serving two terms. At irst, FDR said he would not seek a third term but as Germany started to sweep across Europe, he decided that only he could safely lead the American people through the Nazi threat. He went on to be elected to a fourth term and died in office, on April 12, 1945 with Vice President Harry Truman taking over. the 22nd Amendment to the Constitution was passed on March 21, 1947 (and ratified in 1951) that limits a President to only being elected to two terms.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/ElectoralCollege1940.svg/395px-ElectoralCollege1940.svg.png
Although Wendall Wilke made a strong showing and carried nine
states in his native Midwest, FDR still won the 1940 election by a
comfortable margin. This election prompted drafting of the 22nd Amendment
to the Constitution, prohibiting a third term as president. The first POTUS to
fall under that provision was President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1960.

...in 1984, 21 people were shot and killed, and 19 more wounded in a San Ysidro, California McDonald's. James Oliver Huberty, armed with several automatic weapons, ordered the patrons to the floor then calmly walked around, shooting people at random. Police heard so many shots that they were convinced there were several shooters. An employee managed to escape, told police there was only one shooter, and a sniper killed him with one shot, making him the 22nd victim. Huberty had a reputation of being very angry. He was a survivor of Polio at the age of three that left him with a limp. He was an undertaker in Masillon, Ohio but when his home burned, he moved his family to Canton and became a welder with Union Metal Company. A motorcycle accident left him with nerve damage in his right arm, ending his career as a welder. He relocated his family to San Ysidro and took a job as a security guard. He was fired from the job two weeks before the shooting.

http://img.groundspeak.com/waymarking/display/c69da153-cd49-4163-9ef2-78b6f5470190.jpg
McDonald's tore down the restaurant and
gave the land to the city. The city, in turn, built
this memorial to the victims. It consists of 21
blocks of granite of varying sizes. Each year, on
this date, the memorial is covered with candles and
flowers.

...in 1999, David Cone pitched a perfect game for the New York Yankees against the Montreal Expos. He faced the minimum 27 batters and retired them all with no hits and no walks, made even more amazing because of a 33 minute rain delay in the fourth inning! It was the 16th perfect game in history and the second in interleague play. Don Larsen threw a perfect game, to Yogi Berra, against the Brooklyn Dodgers in the 1956 World Series. In a moment of irony that sounds like something from a Hollywood script, before the 1999 game, Larson threw the "first pitch" to Yogi Berra to commemorate the his perfect game from 43 years earlier. Cone promptly went out and equaled Larson's feat. As Yogi might said, "It was deja vu all over again."

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/e46dcc34.jpg
David Cone threw a perfect game on this date
in 1999. Joe Girardi ran out to congratulate him. Today,
Cone is a color commentator for the
New York Yankees YES broadcast network.

...in 1969, Senator Ted Kennedy left a party on Chappaquiddick Island in an Oldsmobile station wagon. With him was 28 year old Mary Jo Kopechne. Kennedy had continued the family's political ambitions and, following the death of his older brother, Bobby, Kennedy appeared to be a front runner for the 1972 nomination. However, he drove the Oldsmobile into Poucha Pond where he escaped from the car. Kopechne did not. Kennedy swam to Edgartown, where he went into his room at the Shiretown Inn and changed clothes. At 2:25 AM, he stepped out of his room and told the innkeeper he had been awakened by noise. Was he trying to establish an alibi? He finally reported the incident to the Edgartown Police at 9:45 AM, 10 hours after driving off the bridge. (Critics point out that 10 hours is sufficient time for alcohol to have cleared his system.) There is speculation that he used his family's influence to avoid more serious charges. The incident ruined his chances at the Presidency but he continued to be re-elected as a Senator from Massachusetts until his death. Mary Jo Kopechne was unavailable for comment.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/54/Mary_Jo_Kopechne.jpg/145px-Mary_Jo_Kopechne.jpg
Mary Jo Kopechne (1940-1969)

That's it.That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 33 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1799, the Rosetta Stone was found by Captain Pierre-François Bouchard, a French Army engineer in Napolean Bonaparte's army. The stone was located near the Egyptian town of Rosetta and so stunned the army that is simply halted itself and grounded arms. The stone contained fragments of text in three languages, Egyptian hieroglyphics, Egyptian demotic and Greek. Bonaparte took the stone back to France and when the British defeated Bonaparte in 1801, the stone went to the British Museum, where it still resides. The Greek passage said all three texts held the same message and Egyptolgist, Jean-Francois Champollion cracked the cyper and ancient Egypt came to life. (The text on the stone is a proclamation from Ptolemy V, decribing the repealing of certain temple taxes and directions for the installation of statues. It is thought that other copies of the decree must exist, but have never been found. The Egyptian government would like it to be returned, but so far, all they have received is a replica.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Rosetta_Stone.JPG/512px-Rosetta_Stone.JPG
The Rosetta stone is on display at
the British Museum and has been since
1802. For a brief period during WWI, it
was housed in a subway station and
also spent time on display at the Louvre.

...in 1943, the US Army Air Corps bombed rail yards in Rome. Benito Mussolini had promised his people that the Allies would never bomb the Holy City, and thousands of Italians had flooded the city, hoping for safety. The bombing accomplished more than damaging the Italian railways, it shook confidence in Il Duce, as it was hoped to do. Hitler tried desperately to hold Mussolini and Italy but Il Duce knew Italy was thoroughly defeated. One week later, events would take a startling turn. The decision to bomb Rome was a controversial one, however, British public opinion was all in favor of it because of Italian participation in The Blitz, the Axis bombing of London.

...in 1934, a patent for retractable headlights was filed by Harold T. Ames, paving the way for Gordon Buehrig to design the famous 1937 Cord 810, called "...the one most beautiful automoblile ever built." It was the last offering of the Cord, Auburn, Duesenburg company, it failed as a result of the depression. Unsold 1937 810's were rebadged as 1938 812's but doom for the company was on the horizon. Today, the Cord Auburn Duesenberg showroom has been restored and is a museum in Auburn, Indiana.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Cord-1.jpg/800px-Cord-1.jpg

...in 1935, the scourge of drivers everywhere was introduced in Oklahoma City - the parking meter.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b5/Parking_meter%2C1940.jpg_.jpg/180px-Parking_meter%2C1940.jpg_.jpg
If each parking meter in the US
collected just one quarter each day,
$1.25 million would be collected daily!

...in 1879, the first man to die at the hands of Doc Holliday fell in the streets of Las Vegas, New Mexico. Mike Gordon had tried to get one of the dancers in Holliday's saloon to run off with him, she refused his advances. He went into the street and started shooting randomly into the saloon. Holliday stepped outside and dropped him with one shot. Despite his reputation, Holliday was quick on the draw but not an accurate shooter. In most of his recorded gunfights, he missed his target and in one case, hit the hand and toe of two innocent bystanders. He actually only killed two men in his lifetime, Mike Gordon, and Tom McLaury in the gunfight at the OK Corral. He died of tuberculosis in 1887, a peaceful end to a violent life. His last words marked the irony, "This is funny."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a7/Doc_HollidayatAge20.jpg
Dr. John Henry Holliday's graduation,
Phildelphia School of Dentistry, 1872.
"Doc" is 20 years old in this photo.

...in 1553, Lady Jane Grey was deposed from the throne of England in favor of her cousin, Mary, a Catholic. Lady Jane was a Protestant, the great-granddaughter of Henry VII and cousin of King Edward VI and, in fact, was almost married to him. When Edward died, she reluctantly ascended to the throne as Queen, over her cousin, Mary, who was actually the rightful heir. Lady Jane was deposed nine days later, inprisoned as a traitor, and was beheaded on February 12, 1554.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Streathamladyjayne.jpg/210px-Streathamladyjayne.jpg
Lady Jane holds the record for the
shortest reign in British history.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 42 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1969, the phrase, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind," was heard around the world. The phrase was uttered by Neil Armstrong, speaking to the world from the surface of the moon, after taking his first step to the lunar surface from the Apollo 11 lunar landing module, Eagle. (His other famous line came upon setdown of the LM when he reported, "Houston, Tranquility Base here. The Eagle has landed.") The landing was the realization of a dream made by President John F. Kennedy in 1961, to send a man to the moon and return him safely to Earth. The Apollo program had faced a serious setback on January 27, 1967 when the crew of Apollo 1, Lt. Colonel Virgil Ivan “Gus” Grissom, Lt. Colonel Edward Higgins White, and Lt. Commander Roger Bruce Chaffee perished in a capsule fire on the launch pad. Armstrong left a memorial to the Apollo 1 crew on the moon.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Apollo_11.jpg/200px-Apollo_11.jpg
The crew of Apollo 11 (L to R)
Neal Armstrong, Michael Collins, Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Apollo_11_first_step.jpg
"That's one small step for (a) man,
one giant leap for mankind."

...in 1977, Johnstown, Pennsylvania was devastated by a flash flood when dams in the Conemaugh Valley failed, killing 84 people. Johnstown had been hit by a nearly identical flood on May 31, 1889 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-may-31-2009-a-52902/) that killed more than 2,000 people. The dam failures came as a shock as an entire system had been designed to avoid this very situation. All the dams had recently been inspected and found to be safe. They were no match to the 12 inches of rain that fell in 10 hours, though, releasing over 130 million gallons of water over the valley.

http://www.jaha.org/FloodMuseum/77floodcars.jpg
Photo by Merle Agnello of the Tribune-Democrat.

...in 1881, Chief Sitting Bull finally surrendered to the U.S. Army, five years after Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull's followers defeated General George Custer at the Little Bighorn River. The band escaped to Canada, but in 1881, he led his starving people back to the United States to surrender. He was released to the Standing Rock reservation after two years captivity. Sitting Bull traveled with Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show in 1885 and died in 1890 in obscure circumstances. He is buried in Mobridge, South Dakota where his grave is marked with a monument.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sitting_bull_and_buffalo_bill_c1885.jpg/424px-Sitting_bull_and_buffalo_bill_c1885.jpg
Chief Sitting Bull and Buffalo Bill Cody

...in 1944, a briefcase bomb was detonated in Hitler's bunker. He was wounded, but not killed and even met with Il Duce, Benito Mussolini that afternoon. The conspirators were captured and executed. Hitler saw his escape as Divine Providence and confirmation of his dark plan. (The attempted coup was the plot of a 2008 film entitled Valkyrie named after a military plan that was already in place should anything ever happen to Hitler. The film opened to mixed reviews and has not been well received in Germany. Tom Cruise is viewed with some skepticism there because of his membership in the church of Scientology, which many Germans view as a cult.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1972-025-10%2C_Hitler-Attentat%2C_20._Juli_1944.jpg/325px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1972-025-10%2C_Hitler-Attentat%2C_20._Juli_1944.jpg
Hitler survived the blast, although, the conference
room certainly didn't. Three staffers and a stenographer
were seriously injured and later died. Hitler's pants were
blown off (for real!) but he was otherwise unharmed.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 27 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1899, Ernest Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois. The Pulitzer Prize winning author was known for understatement and economy of words. It is said that if asked, "Why did the chicken cross the road?" Hemingway would answer, "To die. Alone. In the rain." His style and work greatly influenced 20th Century American literature.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Hemingway_1953_Kenia.jpg/180px-Hemingway_1953_Kenia.jpg
Ernest Hemingway, at work writing
in Kenya, 1953

...in 365, an earthquake off the coast of Greece caused a tsunami that crossed the Mediterranean Sea and wiped out the city of Alexandria, Egypt. The wall of water sucked the water away from the city, causing ships in the harbor to be overturned on dry land. Within minutes, the tsunami struck, carrying the ships over the sea wall and landing them on top of buildings. 5,000 people perished and 50,000 homes were destroyed. The sea coast was changed in shape, and in 1995, archaeologists discovered the ruins of the original city off the coast of modern Alexandria.

...in 1955, at the Geneva summit attended by France, Great Britain, Soviet Union and the United States, President Eisenhower proposed the "Open Skies" policy, knowing it would never be accepted. In his proposal, he called for the two Superpowers to provide maps of military installations, allowing flyovers by each air force, to verify that each was living up to terms of arms control agreements. Premier Krushchev called it an espionage plot, but he did not want the United States to learn just how far behind the Soviet military was to the Americans. Shortly thereafter, Eisenhower authorized CIA use of the U-2 spy plane and the information was readily available, anyway. The "Open Skies" policy, 30 years later, was the basis of Ronald Reagan's famous quote, "Trust, but verify."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Usaf.u2.750pix.jpg/300px-Usaf.u2.750pix.jpg
"Trust, but verify." --Ronald Reagan. The U-2 began
regular missions over the Soviet Union during the
Eisenhower Administration to keep track of Soviet
missile and military development.

...in 2005, an attempted terrorist bombing in London was foiled, exactly two weeks after an attack had killed 56 people, including the bombers. In this attempt, failed bombs were found in three Underground stations and one bus.

...in 1861, the first Battle of Bull Run was fought near the Virginia railroad junction at Manassas. 34,000 Union troops under the command of Gen. Irvin McDowell crossed the Bull Run to face 29,000 troops under the command of Gen. Pierre Beauregard. Beauregard led the advancing Union troops into a trap, where Gen. Thomas J. Jackson fired artillery to repulse the Union troops, earning his nickname, "Stonewall." When the Union army retreated to Washington, they had suffered 3,000 casualties while the Confederates had 2,000 casualties. The bloodshed shocked spectators and Union leaders back in Washington, an indication that this was more than a "Southern insurrection." (The second Battle of Bull Run would be fought in August, 1862.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/ManassasStoneHouse.jpg/220px-ManassasStoneHouse.jpg
This stone house served as a hospital at both
battles in 1861 and 1862, once for the north and
once for the south. There are bullets in the walls,
but it's been found they were added by post-war
owners. The house is a part of the Manassas National
Battlefield Park.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 47 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1934, John Dillinger, Public Enemy #1, was gunned down in Chicago. His fast and infamous career as a bankrobber started as a child. He was born in Indianapolis, became a juvenile delinquent and in 1924, at the age of 21, was sentenced to 10-20 years for a mugging that went bad. In prison, he met up with Harry Pierpont, a notorious bank robber, and Dillinger learned the trade from Pierpont. Dillinger was paroled in 1933 and met up with Pierpont's accomplices, and set off on a bank robbing spree. He was know as athletic and a sharp dresser. In April, 1934, Dillinger was holed up at Little Bohemia, a resort in Manitowish Waters, Wisconsin. He was surrounded by the FBI who botched the ambush. Three citizens were shot and killed by the FBI, Baby Face Nelson shot and killed one agent, wounded another and critically wounded an officer. The entire gang escaped unscathed. On July 22, Anna Sage was facing deportation, and in order to gain leniency in her deportation case, she agreed to set up Dillinger by wearing an orange dress. Her dress looked red under the marquis of the Biograph Theater, and she became known as the lady in red. Dillinger was shot and killed, and Sage was deported, anyway.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/a6fd76a6.jpg
The Biograph in 1934, shortly after
the FBI shooting of John Dillinger.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/86/Biograph_Theater_redressed_for_movie.jpg/200px-Biograph_Theater_redressed_for_movie.jpg
In 2008, the Biograph Theater and adjoining businesses were "made up" to
appear as they did in 1934 for the shooting of the movie Public Enemies with
Johnny Depp.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2a/BiographTheater.jpg/250px-BiographTheater.jpg
The Biograph Theater today, which has been
converted to a live-play theater.

...in 2003, July 22 continued to be a bad day for bad men, as Qusay and Uday Hussein were killed in a firefight with US troops near Mosul. They were believed to be more ruthless and cruel than their father, Saddam, and their deaths were celebrated by many Iraqis.

...in 1991, continuing the theme of the 22nd being a bad day for bad men, Jeffrey Dahmer was captured in Milwaukee and the grisly contents of his apartment were soon found. 11 victims were found in his apartment, but he ultimately confessed to 17 murders going back to 1978. While there is no death penalty in Wisconsin, Dahmer died in prison in 1994 at the hands of another prisoner.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/weird_stuff/dahmer.jpg
You really don't want to know what's in that barrel.

...in 1908, as long as we're talking about bodies, on a happier note, the Fisher Body Company was established to build carriage and automobile bodies. By 1910, Fisher was supplying bodies to GM as well as other manufacturers, but in 1919, GM purchased controlling interest, although the Fisher family continued to manage the operation. In 1924, GM completed the merger and changed the name to Fisher Body Division, but the Fisher brothers remained on the board until 1944.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Fisher_Body_plant_21_-_Detroit_Michigan.jpg/180px-Fisher_Body_plant_21_-_Detroit_Michigan.jpg
Fisher Plant 21 on Piquette and St. Antoine in
Detroit was an Albert Kahn design, a modern plant
in 1919. Fisher Body was dissolved into other divisions of
General Motors in 1984. Plant 21 is now a part of the
Piquette Avenue Industrial Historic District of Detroit.

...in 1940, it should come as no surprise, Suspense made its debut on CBS radio, the first installment directed by Alfred Hitchcock. It drew top stars, top ratings, and a Peabody Award in 1947. At least, unlike our other stories today, it was fiction.

...in 1862, President Abraham Lincoln informed his cabinet that he was ready to issue a proclamation to free the slaves, but he would wait until a significant Union victory. The proclamation was made on September 21, after a victory at Antietam, with the release to go into effect on January 1, 1863.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Emancipation_proclamation.jpg/300px-Emancipation_proclamation.jpg
Lincon met with his cabinet on this date in 1862
to read the first draft of the Emancipation Proclamation.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 48 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1984, Vanessa Williams resigned her title as Miss America. On this date, Penthouse magazine published nude photos of her, making the September issue of the magazine the best selling issue ever. On September 17, 1983, Williams became the first American of African descent to win the title but when Penthouse magazine announced it was going to publish nude photos of Williams, she stepped down and went on to a successful career in show business. At the time, she said the episode was devastating, buy publisher, Bob Guccione, said it would make her the most famous Miss America that ever lived. (He might have been right - here it is 25 years later and we're still talking about her.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/f91bdc40.jpg
Vanessa Lynn Williams won the Miss America
crown on September 17, 1983 but resigned the
crown on this date in 1984.

...in 1878, a Wells Fargo stage was held up in California. The bandit wore a flour sack over his head (they were cloth in those days) and made off with the strong box, and both a diamond and a watch taken from passengers. When the box was found, all that was left was a poem, signed by Black Bart. Like all crooks, he eventually made a mistake, leaving behind an monogramed handkerchief. Pinkerton detectives traced it back to Charles Bolton, an elderly gentleman in San Francisco. He served a short prison sentence and lived the rest of his life in Nevada.

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WWboltonW.jpg
Charles Bolton, aka Black Bart

...in 1885, former President, Ulysses S. Grant passed away from throat cancer. The hard drinking and cigar smoking former general was elected to a rather unremarkable two terms as President. Critics referred to him as Useless S. Grant, but he did pass legislation that (temporarily) stopped the Ku Klux Klan and the Civil Rights Act of 1875, which desegregated public facilities.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ulysses_Grant_1870-1880.jpg/225px-Ulysses_Grant_1870-1880.jpg
Ulysses S. Grant (1822-1885)
Born in Point Pleasant, Ohio and died in
Mount McGregor, New York. He was
also the answer to the famous Groucho Marx
trivia question, "Who's buried in Grant's Tomb?"

...in 1903, the first Ford was delivered to Dr. Ernst Pfenning in Chicago. Called the Model A, the runabout was Henry's third attempt at a product to use as the basis of starting an automobile company. His backers included several partners like Alexander Malcomson, a coal magnate, and brothers John & Horace Dodge, who owned a machine shop that supplied drive line parts to Ford and Ransom E. Olds. The first Ford company had gone bankrupt and the second attempt, the Henry Ford Company, never shipped a vehicle until Ford himself was fired and the company was renamed, "Cadillac." Ford Motor Company was reasonably successful until 1908, when the Model T was released, and Ford Motor Company rapidly took 60% of the American car market.

http://www.anythingaboutcars.com/images/1903_Ford_A_Runabout.jpg
This little red Model A started it all.

...in 1976, the Bellevue-Stratford Hotel in Philadelphia was the host of a four-day gathering of members of the American Legion. Several days after the conference, 22 people were dead and hundreds were sick with an illness that resembled pneumonia. It took Joseph McDade, a microbiologist with the CDC to identify the microbe that caused the illness, which became known as Legionnaire's Disease. The bacteria thrive in water, as found in air conditioning systems or pipes. It can be treated with anti-biotics, if properly diagnosed.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Legionella_Plate_01.png/240px-Legionella_Plate_01.png
Legionella, the bacterium that
causes Legionnaire's Disease

...in 1996, the U.S. Women's gymnastics team won the Gold Medal at the Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. It was the first time the women had won the team gold medal. The medal was in doubt until Kerri Strug made a near-perfect vault, landing on an injured ankle, assuring a gold medal for the American women's team.

http://z.about.com/d/gymnastics/1/7/W/7/-/-/KerriStrug96OlyTonyDuffyAllsportGETTY358325.jpg
"It's important to push yourself further than you
think you can go each and every day -- as that is
what separates the good from the great." -Kerri Strug

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 42 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this day in History...

...in 1915, the steamship Eastland capsized in the Chicago River, at the dock between LaSalle and Clark Streets. Originally designed to hold 650 passengers, it was increased in size to hold 2,500 people. After the sinking of the Titanic, new maritime laws required more lifeboats. Ironically, the law may have caused the disaster, as the ship became top heavy with the extra weight of the new lifeboats. Engineers warned that the Eastland was a disaster waiting to happen, and on this day, it did. The ship rolled over, trapping passengers below deck. More than 800 souls perished, and many of the bodies were taken to the Second Regiment Armory. Today, it is the home of Harpo Studios and The Oprah Winfrey Show. Staff members claim the studio is haunted by ghosts of the shipwreck, where 22 entire families died.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/EastlandKenosha.jpg
The tugboat Kenosha allowed passengers, stranded on
the hull of the Eastland to evacuate the capsized ship. 841
people perished in the disaster.

...in 1847, Brigham Young lead 148 Mormons to Utah's Valley of the Great Salt Lake and pronounced, "This is the place." Preparations began for the thousands of Mormons who would follow in the great migration from the east. The move followed the murder of the founder of Mormon, Joseph Smith and his brother, Hyrum in Carthage, Illinois. Much tension between the church and federal government followed over the practice of polygamy, prohibited by federal law. In 1890, the church renounced polygamy and Utah entered the union as the 45th state in 1896.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Brigham-young.jpg/200px-Brigham-young.jpg
Brigham Young (1801-1877)

...in 1969, the goal of President John F. Kennedy was fulfilled as Apollo 11 safely splashed down in the Pacific Ocean. Kennedy addressed a joint session of Congress on May 25, 1961, and said, "I believe this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to Earth." Five more missions would go to the moon and one unplanned fly-by was made by the famous mission of Apollo 13. The last mission left the surface of the moon on December 14, 1972 and no one has ever returned.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Apollo_11_crew_in_quarantine.jpg/180px-Apollo_11_crew_in_quarantine.jpg
The crew of Apollo 11 was kept in
quarantine after returning to Earth. They
were visited by President Richard M. Nixon
on board the USS Hornet and remained in
quarantine for nearly three weeks, in accordance
with the Extra-Terrestrial Exposure Law.

...in 1911, the lost city of Machu Picchu was located by Hiram Bingham, an American archaeologist. The city was never really lost, it was always known by local peasants but kept secret for generations. It is believed to have been a Summer retreat for leaders of the Inca, a civilization wiped out by the Spanish in the 16th Century. More than 300,000 people per year visit the impressive site, over 5 miles long and with over 3,000 steps that reach various levels of the impressively engineered construction. There is much mystery surrounding the city that may never be solved.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Machupicchu_hb10.jpg/350px-Machupicchu_hb10.jpg
Machu Picchu was located in 1911. It was untouched by the
Spanish conquistadors, making it an important cultural site as
well as a significant religious site.

That's it. That's all we know as of 1:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 54 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1978, Louise Joy Brown was born in Manchester, England. She was the first baby to be conceived via invitro fertilization. Today, such "test-tube baby" births are common. Her sister, Natalie, was also conceived via IVF and was the first IVF baby to conceive natually in 1999. Louise gave birth to a naturally conceived baby in 2006.

http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/44831000/jpg/_44831833_lou_brown_512.jpg
Louise Joy Brown on her 30th Birthday.

...in 1832, the first railroad accident was reported near Quincy, Massachusetts with one death and several serious injuries, when passengers were thrown from the train over an embankment more than 30 feet in depth. Considered to be the first railroad in the United States, the Granite Railroad began service in 1828 with horse-drawn cars, to pull granite from the quarry to Bunker Hill. A cable pulled cars up a steep incline. Steam was added in 1831 and in 1832, well, accidents were inevitable.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/da/Granite_Railway_in_Milton%2C_Massachusetts.jpg/200px-Granite_Railway_in_Milton%2C_Massachusetts.jpg
Circa 1840 photograph of the Granite Railway. Considered to be
one of the first railroads in the United States, it was built to haul granite
from a quarry to Bunker Hill for construction of the monument.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Granite_Railway_-_General_view_of_incline_to_Quarry_from_Northwest. jpg/200px-Granite_Railway_-_General_view_of_incline_to_Quarry_from_Northwest. jpg
The Incline Section of the Granite
Railway, ca. 1934. The incline section
was the location of the first fatal rail
accident in the United States.

...in 1943, Il Duce, Benito Mussolini, was relieved of power by his own Grand Council and immediately arrested. (We told you there was a surprise a week later!) The toughest problem faced by the Grand Council was whether or not to surrender to the Allies or continue fighting alongside Germany.

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WWmussolinP2.JPG

...in 1853, the head of Joaquin Murieta was placed on display in Stockton, California. His notorious lieutenant, Three Fingered Jack, was also killed and his severed hand was also on display. Murieta was portrayed as a Robin Hood type of character, and whether he was a vicious criminal or misunderstood leader was dependent on the writer of the story. There is some speculation that Murieta may have inspired the Zorro stories, in fact, he was portrayed as Zorro's brother in the 1997 film, The Mask of Zorro. No one knows for sure, except that Zorro himself is a work of fiction.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/JoaquinTheMountainRobber.jpg/300px-JoaquinTheMountainRobber.jpg
Joaquin Murieta, aka
Joaquin the Mountain Robber

...in 1894, Walter Brennan was born. The former Vaudevillian went to Hollywood after WW I and he is best remembered for his characters that walked with a limp and cackled when they laughed. His vocal cords were damaged by poison gas in the war, resutling in the high pitched voice that gave him roles of characters much older than his real years. Three such notable characters are also his most memorable, Stumpy in Rio Bravo, Eddie in To Have and Have Not, and as Grandpappy Amos McCoy in the tv series, The Real McCoys. Most fans are not aware that Brennan was the first and only actor to win three academy awards for Best Supporting Actor including the first one in 1936, also in 1938 and 1940.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/MV5BMTIxMjU0NzcyNV5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTY.jpg
"Wuz you ever bit by a dead bee?" One of Brennan's most
memorable roles was that of Eddie in the Bogart-Bacall
film To Have and Have Not. The script was written by
William Faulkner from an Ernest Hemingway novel.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 52 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1942, Gene Autry took the oath of the Army Air Corps during the live broadcast of his radio show, Gene Autry's Melody Ranch. Autry worked as a railroad telegrapher while in high school, and during the times when nothing was coming across the wires, he practiced on his guitar and sang. A traveler passing though suggested he had a future in show business as a singer. Since Will Rogers probably knew what he was talking about, Autry found popularity on a regular radio station as "Oklahoma's Yodeling Cowboy." He went on to a successful career in records (Rudolph, The Red-Nosed Reindeer, Frosty the Snowman) movies, radio and television. He also owned hotels, gas stations and the California Angels. He was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1969 and he died in 1998.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/020903-o-9999b-048.jpg/300px-020903-o-9999b-048.jpg
Gene Autry is best remembered as the first singing cowboy, the owner
of the California Angels and singer of Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer.
Little known is that Autry flew C-47s on dangerous missions over the
Himalayas ("The Hump") between Burma and China in WWII.

...in 1908, Attorney General Charles Bonaparte ordered new federal investigators to report to the Department of Justice. One year later, the group was renamed the Bureau of Investigation and in 1935, became the Federal Bureau of Investigation. July 26 is recognized as the birthdate of the FBI. (Yes, he was as a matter of fact. Charles Bonaparte was the grand-nephew of Napoleon.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/CJBonaparte.jpg/225px-CJBonaparte.jpg
Charles Joseph Bonaparte (1851-1921)
He is recognized as the founder of the
Federal Bureau of Investigation.

...in 1984, Ed Gein died of heart failure, in a Wisconsin state mental hospital, a lifetime guest of the department of corrections. He is often credited as being America's first serial killer, when in fact, he was more of a grave robber than murderer. Only two murders were successfully linked to him. While he might not have been a serial killer, Gein was a grave robber and did some pretty disgusting things with the corpses. He claimed he never had sex with the bodies. "They smelled too bad," he said. As for the rest of it, the least we can tell you is that he made lampshades. Use your imagination. The rest of his activities are just too disgusting for a family website.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/44/Edgein.jpg

Gein is credited with being the first serial killer, although, no one really knows how many people he might have killed. Only two murders have every actually been attributed to him. His brother died under mysterious circumstances but foul play was never proven nor were charges ever made. He was implicated in the disappearance of Mary Hogan, a young woman from La Crosse, and he admitted her murder during interrogation. He also shot and killed Bernice Worden of Plainfield, then dressed her body out like a deer. (She was the mother of one of the Sheriff deputies.) He was the inspiration for Robert Block's character, Norman Bates, that went on to some fame in Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho. Gein also inspired Leatherface and the Texas Chainsaw Massacre franchise as well as Buffalo Bill in Silence of The Lambs. He was the inspiration for Deranged and Three On A Meathook, not to mention several other forgettable and equally strange horror flicks. He was also the source of numerous sick (but funny) jokes at the time. ("If we ever go to war again, Ed Gein is all set because he has his own navel reserve.")

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/47/Ed_Gein_Headstone.jpg/180px-Ed_Gein_Headstone.jpg
His headstone was a frequent target of
vandals (you can see the extra inscriptions)
and souvenir hunters who would chip off
pieces of it. It was stolen completely in 2000
and eventually recovered. It is now in a museum.
As far as I know, his grave is unmarked.

...in 1932, an automobile accident in Johnstown, Pennsylvania took the life of Frederick Duesenberg. He and his brother, August, had created the Duesenberg Automobile Company where they built the most powerful, handcrafted, luxury automobiles in the marketplace. Rumored to be able to do 100 mph in second gear, the remarkable automobiles popularized the phrase, "It's a Duesy!" E.L. Cord bought the company, and Auburn-Cord-Duesenberg operated until 1938 when the depths of the depression finally did them in. (The Duesenbergs only supplied chassis. All bodywork, from the cowl back, was custom built by coach builders.)

http://automotivehistoryonline.com/Augie%20and%20Fred%20Duesenberg.jpg
Frederick Simon and August Samuel Duesenberg

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Model_A/1929DuesenbergJ223DualCowlPhaetonLe.jpg
1929 Duesenberg J Dual Cowl Phaeton

...in 1945, Winston Churchill resigned as Prime Minister of Great Britain, after his party was defeated in the general election. It was shock, as he had led England through the war but was not able to see the end as the country's leader. Just the same, he was re-elected in 1951. In 1953, he was knighted for his leadership and awarded the Nobel Prize for literature because of his six volume history of World War II and for his memorable speeches.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/winston_churchill_380x500.jpg

...in 1775, the Continental Congress appointed Benjamin Franklin to be the first Postmaster General of the new colonial post office. He held the job until late in 1776 when he was sent to France as ambassador. He left behind a vastly improved letter delivery system that was the basis of today's Postal Service.

Franklin was a brilliant man, everyone knows about his work as a writer, publisher and his work in founding the country, but Franklin was also a scientist and a prolific inventor. He observed that the prevailing winds in a storm do not determine the course of the weather system, a breakthrough in weather forecasting. He also published documentation and maps of the Gulf Stream. Although he did not discover the Gulf Stream, his publicizing it resulted in cutting two weeks off the time it took a ship to cross the Atlantic by using his charts. (The English ignored his advice, to their own detriment.) He invented lightning rods, bifocals, the Franklin stove and (eeeeyewwww!) the flexible urinary catheter. One of his lesser-known inventions that I particularly like is called the Glass Armonica. It is based on the concept of a musical sound that can be produced by running a fingertip over the wet lip of cut crystal glassware. The Glass Armonica is comprised of tuned disks of glass, mounted on a shaft that is turned at a set speed. Franklin's Armonica used a foot treadle while modern instruments use electric motors. The notes are played by holding fingers on the edges of the spinning glass disks, creating an ethereal and almost ghostly sound.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Glassharmonica.png
Benjamin Franklin's Glass Armonica.

Listen to William Zeitler play Tchaikovsky's Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy on the Glass Armonica (http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6668277826108045373&q=glass+harmonica).

...in 1952, Eva Paron, the First Lady of Argentina and the model for the lead character in the musical, Evita died of cancer at the age of 33. Hundreds of thousands mourned her passing.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Evaperoncasarosada.jpg/225px-Evaperoncasarosada.jpg http://www.dreamagic.com/roger/evita.gif
Maria Eva "Evita" Duarte de Perón....Right: Madonna as Evita, a startling resemblance.
(May 7, 1919 - July 26, 1952)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 36 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1996, the XXVI Olympics in Atlanta was the target of a nail-laden pipe bomb that killed a mother and injured more than 100 people. Richard Jewell, a security guard, found the bomb and alerted authorities. The area was evacuated but before it could be disabled, the largest pipe bomb in American history exploded, killing one and injuring 111. Jewell was later listed as the primary "person of interest" and was all but arrested for the bombing. The evidence did not really implicate him and he was later exonerated. (He settled several out of court suits, and he held several law enforcement jobs before his death in 2007.) Authorities were stumped until 1997, when a similar bomb exploded outside an abortion clinic. A second bomb went off while responders were on the scene. Two more bombs would explode, including one at an abortion clinic in Birmingham, Alabama. The bombings were traced to Eric Robert Rudolph, who remained at large until May 31, 2003. He pleaded guilty to all the bombings and is serving four consecutive life terms, without possibility of parole, in Colorado.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/bcdf703b.gif
Richard Jewell, the hero of the Centennial Olympic Park Bombing.
You wouldn't have known it back then. The media put the mark of Cain
on him and convicted him in the court of popular opinion. He was
exonerated when Rudolph was convicted, and today, his memory serves
as a reminder to the media of running with a story before all the facts are
known. Jewell died August 29, 2007 from natural causes at the age of 44.
He had severe heart disease, kidney disease and diabetes.

...in 1904, Flint physician, Dr. Herbert Hills, bought the first Buick. David Buick, of Polish descent, was a plumber who loved mechanical challenges. He perfected the process that makes porcelain adhere to iron, which allowed the creation of modern plumbing fixtures. He became bored with plumbing fixtures, enticed by internal combustion engines, so he gave up plumbing to build an automobile. He was not a shrewd businessman, though, and was soon so deep in debt that he lost control of the company that still bears his name. Eventually, Billy Durant took over the operation and Buick was a key element in the creation of Durant's General Motors. At one time, the Buick plant in Flint was the second largest industrial facility in the world, second only to Ford's Rouge Plant.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/ae1cfa78.jpg
David Dunbar Buick invented the
process to bond porcelain to iron,
which made modern plumbing fixtures
possible. He tired of the plumbing
industry and threw himself into building
an automobile.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/BuickCity.jpg
Leonard Thygesen took this aerial photo of
the 204 acre Buick complex before it was
demolished in 1999.

...in 1940, Bugs Bunny made his debut in films in a feature called A Wild Hare. As you might expect, Bugs was supposed to be dinner for Elmer Fudd, but setting the pace for the future, the wascawy wabbit bested poor Elmer. In the cartoon, Bugs' opening line was, "What's up, Doc?" Tex Avery said the phrase was in common use in Texas, where he grew up, and he thought nothing of it. In the rest of the country, however, the line was unknown and completely unexpected for prey to say to the hunter. It brought down the house everywhere it ran, and Bugs would use the line (or a variation of it) in almost every cartoon afterwards. Elmer would also issue his trademark line, "Be vewwy vewwy quiet. I'm huntin' wabbits."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a5/FirstBugs.jpg/250px-FirstBugs.jpg
Bugs Bunny's first onscreen appearance in
A Wild Hare released in 1940. In one scene,
Elmer replies to a question from Bugs with the
name "Carole Lombard." After her untimely death,
A Wild Hare was reissued with the line dubbed
over. Elmer says, "Barbara Stanwick." Of course,
both names use B and R, letters that Elmer has
great trouble pronouncing.

...in 1981, Adam John Walsh was abducted from a mall in Hollywood, Florida. Adam's decapitated head was later found by fishermen but his body has never been located. Adam's father, John Walsh, became a leading advocate for victims and victim's rights. His television show, America's Most Wanted (http://www.amw.com/) has been a mainstay of the Fox network since its debut.(Paige (http://www.amw.com/missing_persons/brief.cfm?id=46470) appears on the AMW website but her profile has not been updated since June 11, 2008.) Walsh founded the Center for Missing and Exploited Children.

Adam's murder was closed on December 16, 2008. Convicted serial killer, Ottis Toole, confessed to the murder of Adam Walsh. He was never tried for the abduction and murder. Although no new evidence was brought forth, authorities are satisfied that Toole was, in fact, Adam's killer. Toole died of liver failure, in prison, on September 15, 1996. Jeffrey Dahmer was also a person of interest in the case, he lived in Miami Beach at the same time. John Walsh has repeatedly said that there is no evidence that links Adam to Dahmer.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b5/Adam-Walsh.jpg
John Adam Walsh (1974-1981)
Photo by Associated Press

...in 1980, the deposed Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, died in exile in Egypt. He sought medical treatment for cancer in the United States in October 1979. Islamic fundamentalists in Tehran used that as an excuse to seize the US Embassy in Tehran on November 4, holding 52 Americans as hostages for 444 days, while President Jimmy Carter botched negotiations and authorized a failed military rescue. The hostages were released on January 20, 1981 as President Ronald Reagan was inaugurated.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Mohammad-reza-shah.jpg
Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi
(1919-1980)

...in 1974, President Richard Milhouse Nixon was charged by the House of Representatives with the first of three articles of impeachment. Nixon was charged with obstruction of justice for failing to release White House tapes recorded during meetings regarding the famous Watergate burglary. On August 8, in order to avoid an inevitable trial, he resigned, the first and only President to do so. Although mocked and ridiculed at the time, history has been more kind to Nixon and he is now being recognized for many of the accomplishments of his administration.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Richard_Nixon.jpg/225px-Richard_Nixon.jpg
Richard Milhouse Nixon
(1913-1994)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 32 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1868, the 14th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified by the required 3/4 of the American states. The 14th Amendment guarantees all Americans, and specifically African Americans when it was drafted, all rights and privileges, including equal protection under the laws, of American citizenship. In 1896, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson that segregated facilities, separate but equal, were allowed under the law. Facilities were seldom very equal, and Americans of African descent were faced with decades of such discrimination, until the ruling was overturned by Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka in 1954.

...in 1973, a 1934 Ford Deluxe Sedan was sold at auction to Peter Simon of Jean, Nevada. The car sold for a record $175,000.00 despite being riddled with 160 bullet holes. The car had been the last ride of Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker, ambushed by police on May 24, 1934. The car has been on and off of display for decades, and was last reported on display at Terrible's Casino in St. Joseph, Missouri.

http://texashideout.tripod.com/powerful_holes.jpg

...in 1945, a B-25 Mitchell bomber flew into the 78th floor of the Empire State Building on a Saturday morning. Heavy fog had closed LaGuardia, the plane's destination, so the pilot was on his way across Manhattan to Newark. He was flying low to try to gain visibility, swerved to miss the Chrysler Building and was climbing as he flew into the north side of the building. The plane did not penetrate the building, but one engine was severed and continued through the building and wound up in the penthouse of a building across the street. The other engine severed elevator cables and Betty Lou Oliver, an operator, survived a 1,000 foot free fall into the elevator pit, the car being slowed by air pressure, damaged cables and safety equipment. 11 people in the building perished as did the three people on board the airplane.

http://www.evesmag.com/empirestatebldgcrash.jpg
This photo was taken by Ernie Sisto, of the New York Times,
from a narrow ledge as two reporters held his legs.

...in 1956, I Want You, I Need You, I Love You hit number 1 on the popular music charts, it was the second #1 hit for Elvis Presley, after Heartbreak Hotel went to #1 in April.

...in 1991, Dennis Martinez pitched the 13th perfect game in history as the Montreal Expos defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers 2-0. Martinez was the first Nicaraguan to make the big leagues and the first Latino to throw a perfect game. He retired after 22 years with a very respectable 245-193 lifetime record, 2,149 strikeouts with a 3.70 ERA.

http://lesterslegends.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/dennis-martinez.jpg

...in 1814, Percy Bysshe Shelley and Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin eloped to France, despite the fact he was already married. When his first wife committed suicide in 1816, they were married. While living in Geneva, keeping on the move to evade Shelly's creditors, Lord Byron challenged them to write the scariest ghost story. Only Mary Shelley finished hers and later published it under the title, Frankenstein. Shelley accidentally drowned when Mary was 24. She continued to write until her death at the age of 53, but only her journals and Frankenstein are still read.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Frontispiece_to_Frankenstein_1831.jpg/180px-Frontispiece_to_Frankenstein_1831.jpg
The original frontispiece to Shelly's 1831
Frankenstein by Theodor von Holst. This is
one of two illustrations for the horror story.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/RothwellMaryShelley.jpg/200px-RothwellMaryShelley.jpg
Mary (Wollstonecraft Godwin) Shelly
Portrait by Richard Rothwell ca. 1840

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had XXX candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1958, President Dwight Eisenhower signed an act authorizing creation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to coordinate America's space exploration. The creation was a reaction to the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik I. The successful launch of the first artificial satellite caught America by surprise and alarmed the defense department that the Russians might be able to reach the American mainland with missiles. The space race was on.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/NASA_50th_Logo_RGB_Hi.jpg/180px-NASA_50th_Logo_RGB_Hi.jpg

...in 1909, Cadillac Motor Company was aquired by Buick for $4.5 Million. Cadillac was an outgrowth of the Henry Ford Company, the second attempt to have Henry Ford build an automobile. The investors fired Ford and brought in Henry Leland, who put in his own design drive line into the Henry Ford designed automobile. (Henry Ford would return the favor in 1922, but that's another story.) When Buick acquired Cadillac, it became the jewel in the General Motors crown. General Motors, the brainchild of Billy Durant, made an unsuccessful attempt to acquire Ford Motor Company in 1907 - how different the world might be had that happened.

http://www.car-nection.com/yann/Dbas_ima/p09rds2.jpg
1909 Cadillac

...in 1945, a Japanese submarine sunk the USS Indianapolis, flagship of the Fifth Fleet. Of the 1,196 crewmen, only 318 survived. The rest had gone down with the ship or were eaten by sharks. Had the submarine been fortunate enough to sink the Indianapolis just three days earlier, the Indianapolis would have been lost with its special cargo that it had delivered to Tinian - the first atomic bomb.

http://www.ussindianapolis.org/images/indyyard.jpg

...in 1940, Orson Welles shot the first scene of Citizen Kane, his first film that also got him into hot water with newspaper magnate, William Randolph Hearst. The film also introduced new camera and sound techniques that influenced future films. Citizen Kane is considered one of America's greatest movies.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Orson_Welles-Citizen_Kane1.jpg/250px-Orson_Welles-Citizen_Kane1.jpg
Orson Welles as Charles Foster Kane

...in 1862, Maria Isabella "Belle" Boyd was arrested by Union officers for spying. She was born in Martinsburg, Virginia (now West Virginia) and was 17 years old when the Civil War erupted. She shot and killed a Union officer for assaulting her mother, she was cleared for the justified shooting. She delivered critical information to Confederate officers and was actually arrested three times for spying. After the war, she took up a career as an actress and also as a speaker, talking about her experiences. She was addressing the GAR in Kilbourn City, Wisconsin when she died of typhoid fever at the age of 56. She is buried in Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin, the modern name for Kilbourn City.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/11/Belle_Boyd.jpg/225px-Belle_Boyd.jpg
Maria Isabella "Belle" Boyd (1844-1900)

...in 1981, the wedding of the Century was televised to one billion viewers in 74 countries. Prince Charles, heir to the throne of England married Lady Diana Spencer. After a fairy tale wedding, though, they did not live happily ever after, divorcing very publicly in 1996. Diana died in a tragic automobile accident in 1997 in Paris. Conspiracy theorists are still having a good time investigating the accident.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/royalwedding.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 5:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 37 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1965, (former) President Harry S. Truman became the first beneficiary and holder of the first card for Medicare. President Lyndon B. Johnson signed Medicare into law this day in 1965 at the Truman Library in Missouri.

...in 1932, Disney's first Technicolor cartoon, Flowers and Trees was released. It was the first cartoon produced using the Technicolor three-strip process, proving so popular that Disney contractually tied up the process until 1936. Competing studios, like Max Fleischer and Disney's old friend, Ub Iwerks, were forced to use the inferior CineColor process or the old Technicolor two-strip process until the contract expired. Iwerks had worked for Disney for years and created Mickey Mouse. He left to form his own studio and hired a young Chuck Jones. Iwerks' company failed, however, Jones went to Warner Bros to create his mayhem and magic while Ub Iwerks returned to Disney in 1940. Iwerks created the live action/animation combination used in the stunning Song of the South. (It has been pulled from distribution because of political correctness.) Flowers and Trees set the pace for animation for years.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Silly_symphony.jpg/250px-Silly_symphony.jpg

...in 1936, David O. Selznick purchased the movie rights to Gone With The Wind from Margaret Mitchell, before the book went to press. The payment of $50,000.00, an unheard of sum in those days for an unpublished book. Gone With The Wind went on to sell 1,000,000 copies in the first six months and 12,000,000 copies in the next three decades.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6b/Gone_with_the_Wind_cover.jpg/200px-Gone_with_the_Wind_cover.jpg
Cover of the 1936 first edition.

...in 1942, FDR signed a bill that created the Women's Auxiliary for the Navy, "Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service" better known by the acronym, WAVES. This came two months after Eleanor Roosevelt had convinced FDR to create the WAACs, the Women's Auxiliary Army Corps. In September, the Army also created the Women's Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron, or WAFS, comprised of 25 experienced women to ferry military aircraft from point of manufacture to point of debarcation. Recognizing the value of women as pilots, General Hap Arnold also created the Army Air Force Women's Flying Training Detachment, or, WFTD. In August, 1943, the WAFS and the WFTD were merged and were re-designated the Women Air Force Service Pilots, or WASPs.

http://www.womenofthewaves.com/profiles/images/boutwell.jpg
LT.(jg) Florence Otto Boutwell was from Camden, NJ
and volunteered for the WAVES in 1943. She was sent to
the business school at Harvard and was part of the first group
of women to participate in a Harvard graduation. Women were
needed to replace male office workers who were being sent
overseas. She was stationed in Spokane and wound up staying
there.
--Courtesy of womenofthewaves.com (http://www.womenofthewaves.com/)

...in 2003, the last Volkswagen "Beetle" came off the assembly line in Puebla, Mexico, the last country where the beetle was sold. The last one was shipped to VW headquarters in Wolfsburg, Germany. The car's heritage is a surprise to most people, as the car was designed by Ferdinand Porsche, at the request of Adolph Hitler, to design a "peoples' car" or, volks wagen. The car was declared unsafe in the U.S. because of the rear-mounted engine, but the design reappeared as a front engine car, based on the Golf, to become a popular "chick" car in the United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Volkswagen_Bubbla_sista_bilen.jpg/180px-Volkswagen_Bubbla_sista_bilen.jpg
The last "Beetle" in Wolfsburg.

...in 1943, Adolph Hitler learned of Italy's imminent surrender to the Allies. He was planning to rescue Mussolini, reinstall him and his fascist government, reinforce the Italian army and sink the Italian navy so it could not be used by the Allies. Of course, the Allies continued to push up the Italian peninsula, towards Germany.

...in 1998, Buffalo Bob Smith passed away. He was the creator of The Howdy Doody Show, a staple of kids' television in the 1940's and 50's. You have to be my age or older to remember, "Say, kids! What time is it? (http://www.fiftiesweb.com/doody.wav)" The show featured his puppets, Howdy, Dilly Dally, Phineas T. Bluster and Flub-A-Dub, along with live-action residents of Doodyville including Cornelius Cobb, Chief Thunderthud, Princess Summerfall Winterspring and Clarabelle, the Clown. (Played initially by Bob Keeshan, who went on to some fame as Captain Kangaroo.) How did he get his name? Bob Smith was from Buffalo, NY.

http://www.fiftiesweb.com/tv/howdy-doody-c.jpg
Howdy Doody & Buffalo Bob Smith

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 45 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1975, James Riddle "Jimmy" Hoffa vanished, never to be seen again. He was a most influential labor leader and the popular ledgend was that he was a victim of a Mafia hit, but his disappearance has never been solved. In 1967, when he was president of the Teamsters, he was convicted of bribery and senteced to 15 years. President Nixon commuted his sentence in 1971 with the proviso that he not participate in union activites for ten years. While he preparing to challenge the proviso, he was snatched from a restaurant parking lot in Detroit. Several urban myths claim to reveal the location of his body (the most popular being in the end zone or inside a concrete column of Giants Stadium in the Meadowlands) but he has never been found.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d3/Jimmy_riddle_hoffa.jpg
James Riddle Hoffa (1913-19??)

...in 1777, Marie-Joseph Paul Roch Yves Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette was appointed Major-General in the Continental Army, the 19 year old aristocrat agreed to serve without pay. His native France would later ally itself to the American cause and recalled Lafayette. Benjamin Franklin, the ambassador to France, reported that Lafayette was a most convincing advocate for the Americans at the French Court. He later returned to the Continental Army to serve in several decisive battles, including the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gilbert_du_Motier_Marquis_de_Lafayette.jpg/300px-Gilbert_du_Motier_Marquis_de_Lafayette.jpg
Marquis de Lafayette

...in 1990, Nolan Ryan became the 20th pitcher to reach 300 career victories, leading the Texas Rangers to a 11-3 victory over the Milwaukee Brewers. The Ryan Express often threw pitches over 100 miles per hour. In his last game, he tore a ligament in his arm and still threw the next pitch 98 mph. He retired after that game in 1993 and was elected to the Hall of Fame in 1999, along with George Brett, Robin Yount and Orlando Cepeda. (I was at that induction ceremony, primarily to see Robin Yount inducted. Of the 90,000 people who were estimated to be there, it seemed like 65,000 of them were from Kansas City to see George Brett.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Nolan_Ryan_in_Atlanta_close-up.jpg/200px-Nolan_Ryan_in_Atlanta_close-up.jpg
The Ryan Express in 1983

...in 1917, the third battle for Ypres in Flanders Field, Belgium began. It lasted until Noverber 16, cost the British 310,000 casualties and the Germans over 260,000 casualties. The battle clearly demonstrated the futility of trench warfare. After the first battle for Ypres in 1915, Lt Col. John McCrae, MD (Canada) penned the poem, In Flanders Fields, called one of the greatest war poems ever written:

IN FLANDERS FIELDS the poppies blow
Between the crosses row on row,
That mark our place; and in the sky
The larks, still bravely singing, fly
Scarce heard amid the guns below.

We are the Dead. Short days ago
We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,
Loved and were loved, and now we lie
In Flanders fields.

Take up our quarrel with the foe:
To you from failing hands we throw
The torch; be yours to hold it high.
If ye break faith with us who die
We shall not sleep, though poppies grow
In Flanders fields.

(In case you ever wondered why the poppy is the symbol of the American Legion Auxillary, read the poem again.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flanders_Field_American_Cemetery_and_Memorial.jpg/300px-Flanders_Field_American_Cemetery_and_Memorial.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 51 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 2007, the bridge carrying I-35W over the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minnesota collapsed at 6:05 PM, during the Twin Cities' rush hour. Because of repair work on the bridge, lane restrictions had traffic moving stop-and-go or crawling. Construction vehicles, parked on the bridge, would later figure into the failure investigation. The central span collapsed first followed by the adjoining spans. Most of the truss structure and deck fell into the river and on to the river banks. The northern section fell onto rail yards and crushed several freight cars that were parked on the tracks. About 100 vehicles were involved in the collapse. Cars and construction workers, who were on the bridge, fell the 115 feet to the surface. 93 people were rescued from the bridge and an additional 20 people were pulled from the icy waters of the Mississippi River. A school bus came to rest against a concrete barricade, near the edge of the bridge remnants, in a most precarious position. 60 students were aboard the bus, on their way home from a field trip. Jeremy Hernandez was a 20 year old advisor to the group. He kicked out the emergency door and aided the children to escape the bus. One staff member was seriously injured as were 10 of the students, but all survived the ordeal. Thirteen people perished in the collapse, a surprisingly low number in light of the severe damage and the time of day.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Bridges/800px-I35W_Collapse_-_Day_4_-_Opera.jpg
Vehicles left on the deck. The
numbers on the windshields were for
investigative purposes. The school bus,
in the story above, can be seen on
the far right of the photo.
(Public domain photo by US Coast Guard.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Bridges/35wBridgecollapse-1.gif
A security camera at the St. Anthony
Falls Lock & Dam captured these
sequential images of the collapse.
Public domain image from the
Army Corps of Engineers.

...in 1961, Texas oilman, Angus Wynne Jr., opened the gates at a new concept, a theme park, called Six Flags Over Texas. An all-inclusive fee was paid at the gate, eliminating tickets and separate fees. For $2.75 for adults and $2.25 for a child, families could spend an entire day at the park. Wynne was also a land developer, and the 17 acres in Arlington was standing empty. He decided a theme park would be a good use for the acreage before he converted it into an industrial park. He made back his investment in just 18 months and decided maybe a theme park was better use for the land than an industrial park. He sold the park in 1969, it changed hands several times before becoming part of Six Flags, Inc. which owns 30 theme parks in North America, with over 34 million people per year visiting the parks. (His brother Bedford, was one of the founders of the NFL expansion Dallas Cowboys in 1960.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/fgview.jpg
Six Flags Over Texas in 1961
(Fort Worth Star-Telegram photo from
the Special Collections Unit, University
of Texas - Arlington Library.)

...in 1914, World War I began in Europe as Germany and Russia declared war on each other, after Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia four days before. Within three days, France, Belgium, and Great Britain aligned with Russia against the German/Austria-Hungary aliance. As usual, citizens of each country thought they would easily defeat the other powers with days, except that the war went on for four years and caused uncountable damages and deaths in Europe, some 20 million military and civilians perished during the war. It was known as the War to End All Wars, but the Treaty of Versailles that ended the war laid such punitive terms upon Germany that it sewed the seeds for the rise of Adolph Hitler and the start of World War II.

...in 1966, a gunman, armed with a a shotgun, a Remington 700 rifle with a scope, a 6 mm Remington rifle, an M1, a Luger, a .357 magnum and another pistol, along with enough ammunition and supplies to last for several days, climbed to the top of a 300 foot tower at the University of Texas and opened fire. By the time the event was over, he had killed 14 people and injured 31 more. Charles Whitman was an Eagle Scout and former Marine who was despondent over the breakup of his parents' marriage. On July 31, he stabbed his mother, and his wife, to death, then headed to the U of T campus. He killed the receptionist at the top of the tower with the butt of his rifle, then barricaded himself on the observation deck. An excellent marksman, he shot people up to 500 yards away. He was shot and killed by Austin police officers who boldly charged the stairs of the tower. An autopsy revealed that Whitman had a cancerous brain tumor that may have caused his emotional eruption.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/UT_tower_lit_entirely_in_orange.jpg/180px-UT_tower_lit_entirely_in_orange.jpg
The tower remained closed
for 33 years, until 1999 when it
reopened.

...in 1973, American Graffiti opened in Los Angeles. The low budget film (the budget was a mere $700,000) was co-written and directed by 29 year old George Lucas. He (relatively) made very little himself on the film that went on to gross over $50 million in rentals alone. The film did, however, make him a millionaire and established his reputation as a filmmaker, allowing him to start shooting the Star Wars franchise that opened in 1977. Star Wars, of course, is one of the biggest blockbusters in film history.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0d/MelsGraffiti.jpg/290px-MelsGraffiti.jpg
Mel's Drive-In in San Francisco had been closed,
and re-opened just for this film. Once American
Graffiti was completed, it was demolished.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/American_graffiti_ver1.jpg/200px-American_graffiti_ver1.jpg
Where were you in '62?

...in 1953, Paramount Pictures released the western, Shane, considered by many to be the best western ever made. World War II had cost more than lives and destruction, it also took away America's innocence and sophisticated audiences had grown weary of cardboard-cutout western heroes. Shane introduced a deep and complex character, caught in a typical situation that he was trying to escape. The movie also introduced a new actor in his first starring role. Volodymir Ivanovich Palahniuk was billed as "Walter Jack Palance," as the evil-incarnate gunslinger, Jack Wilson. He went on to a brilliant career as the quintessential bad man with two Oscar nominations for his efforts. (It took a comic role to finally win the statuette for City Slickers.) Clint Eastwood remade the film under the title Pale Rider with a slightly different viewpoint, but Shane is viewed by some as the better of the two films. If you have never seen Shane, do yourself a favor and rent it soon.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Jean_Arthur_in_Shane.jpg/200px-Jean_Arthur_in_Shane.jpg
Alan Ladd and Jean Arthur in Shane. Jean
Arthur was 50 at the time, older than her two
love interests in the film. This was Jean Arthur's
first film in color - and the last film she made in
her sparkling career.

...in 1988, WABC radio in New York became the flagship station and originating studio of the nationally syndicated Rush Limbaugh Radio Program with 55 stations in the syndication network. (There are now over 200 stations in the network.) Limbaugh is recognized for saving AM radio and making it a viable medium again. In 1984, Limbaugh went on the air at KFBK in Sacramento where he replaced Morton Downy, Jr. In 1987, when the Fairness Doctrine was repealed, Limbaugh announced that he was the first man to be "...liberated from the East Germany of liberal media domination." Since 1991, he has had the largest radio market share of any program, with an audience of 14.5 million people each week, estimated to be as high as 20 million in any given hour. He has received the Marconi Award for Syndicated Radio Personality of the Year four times, in 1992, 1995, 2000 and 2005.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/rush-limbaugh1.jpg
Love him or hate him, Rush Limbaugh
is the biggest name in radio.

That's it. That's all we know as of 2:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 46 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1776, members of the Continental Congress signed the Declaration of Independence. While it had been approved on July 4, it took until August 2 to print copies and create the hand-written version, signed by the delegates, and preserved in the national archives.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Us_declaration_independence.jpg/200px-Us_declaration_independence.jpg
"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that
all men are created equal, that they are endowed
by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights,
that among these are Life, Liberty and the
Pursuit of Happiness." This has been called
"The best known sentence in the English
language."

Some Afterthoughts - To my fellow citizens of the United States, have you actually read the Declaration of Independence (http://www.heritage.org/research/features/almanac/pdf/declaration.pdf)? Or have you actually read the Constitution of the United States (http://www.heritage.org/research/features/almanac/pdf/constitution.pdf)? If you are like many Americans, you may have read these important documents (or more likely, skimmed over them) when you were in high school but probably not since then. A group called The Heritage Foundation has published a book entitled The Founders' Almanac (http://www.heritage.org/research/features/almanac/welcome.html), where many of the documents that created this great country are reproduced with appropriate commentary and explanations. You can actually buy the book, if you like, but the Heritage Foundation has made these vital documents available to you as PDF files. You might just like to take a look, and read them, and learn what your rights really are. (Click on the title to see the document.)

...in 1934, President Paul von Hindenburg, of the Weimar Republic, passed away, leaving a clear path for Adolph Hitler to seize power in Germany. He was the son of a Prussian military officer, fought in the Seven Weeks War with Austria at the age of 19 and also fought in the Franco-Prussian War. During WWI, he rose to prominence and became the President in 1925. His German government was in disarray with unrest from both the right and left. The terms of the Treaty of Versailles were harsh, inflation was rampant. No one was happy. Hindenburg allowed dissolution of the Reichstag and agreed to hold new elections. The Nazi Party became the second largest party because of the election and soon was gaining new members. With von Hindenburg's death, nothing stood in the way of Hitler's rise to power.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-U0618-0500%2C_Paul_v._Hindenburg.jpg/180px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-U0618-0500%2C_Paul_v._Hindenburg.jpg
von Hindenburg in 1916

Right after WWI, Adolph Hitler was a decorated soldier disappointed by Germany's loss. He joined the German Workers' Party, mostly a group of disgruntled army veterans. When he assumed leadership in the 1920's, he renamed the group the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist Workers' Party) that was abbreviated as Nazi. The party was anything but socialist, in fact, Hitler blamed communists as well as Jews for Germany's defeat in WWI and it became his personal vendetta to extract revenge. The party also adopted an ancient symbol of good luck as its symbol, forever ruining the swastika to mean anything but hatred. With Hindenburg's death, Hitler combined his title of Chancellor with Hindenburg's title of President and called himself Führer ("leader") and disbanded the democratic government to put the Third Reich into place.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-C06886%2C_Paul_v._Hindenburg.jpg/225px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-C06886%2C_Paul_v._Hindenburg.jpg
Paul von Hindenburg (1847-1934)
With his death, there was no one to
stand in the way of Adolph Hitler's
rise to power.

...in 1943, the Japanese destroyer Amaqiri rammed PT-109 amidships, slicing it in half and killing two of the crew. Other PT boat commanders in the area, assuming the crew had been killed in such a collision, left the area. The commander of the boat rallied the other ten survivors, who clung to the debris for five hours until they reached a coral island. After swimming to a larger island, the young lieutenant encountered a native and carved a message into a coconut shell, which led to the rescue. The lieutenant was decorated for his bravery, and both he and the coconut shell ended up in the Oval Office. The story of Lieutenant John F. Kennedy was told in the movie, PT-109 starring Cliff Robertson, in 1963.

http://www.maritimequest.com/warship_directory/us_navy_pages/pt_boats/pt_109/03_crew.jpg
The crew of PT-109 in July, 1943. That's Lt(jg) John F. Kennedy standing on the far right.
Left to Right, Top Row, Al Webb (not a crew member but in the photo) Leon E. Drawdy, Edgar E. Mauer,
Edmund T. Drewitch, John E. McGuire. Bottom Row, Charles A. Harris, Maurice l. Kowal, Andrew J. Kirkesy,
Leonard J. Thom and Kennedy. Andrew Jackson Kirksey and Harold W. Marney (not pictured) perished in the collision.

...in 1990, Iraqi forces invaded Kuwait, quickly overwhelming the Kuwaiti defense forces and capturing Kuwait City. The emir of Kuwait and his family escaped to Saudi Arabia. The United Nations quickly denounced the invasion and called for Iraq to withdraw. Saddam Hussein responded by setting up a provincial government to rule his new prize - including 20% of the world's oil reserves and access to the Persian Gulf. Operation Desert Storm, led by the United States, began on January 16, 1991 and drove the Iraqis back into their own land. Before retreating, Hussein ordered that the Kuwaiti oil wells all be set on fire.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Gulf_War_Photobox.jpg/300px-Gulf_War_Photobox.jpg
Clockwise from top: USAF over the burning oil field,
British Troops, Camera view of AC-130, the Highway of
Death, M728 Combat Engineer Vehicle.

...in 1992, Jackie Joyner-Kersee won the Gold Medal in the heptathalon at the Barcelona Olympics. It was her second Gold in the Olympic heptathalon, which she won in 1988 at the Seoul Olympics. She is the only woman to win gold twice in the event. She also won a bronze medal in 1996, her sixth Olympic medal, the most medals won by an American woman in track and field.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 49 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1958, the world's first nuclear powered submarine, the USS Nautilus, steamed underwater from Point Barrow, Alaska to to Iceland, over the geological north pole. It was the first time the feat had been accomplished and proved to be the fastest, and shortest route, between the Pacific Ocean and Europe. (If you happen to have a submarine, that is.) The submariner nuclear propulsion plant was developed by the old Atomic Energy Commission under the leadership of Captain Hymen G. Rickover. The building of the submarine was approved by Congress in July, 1951, with her keel laid on June 14, 1952 by President Harry Truman. In January, 1954, she was christened by First Lady Mamie Eisenhower with the traditional bottle of champagne broken across the bow. The first nuclear powered submarine cruise took place on January 17, 1955. The Nautilus served nearly 25 years and cruised a half a million miles before being decommissioned in 1980. On the list of National Historic Landmarks, the Nautilus is a museum on the Thames River in Groton, Connecticut.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/nautilus2.jpg
The "First and the Finest," the USS Nautilus at sea.

...in 1900, Harvey S. Firestone established the Firestone Tire & Rubber Company in Akron, Ohio with 12 employees. Henry Ford selected Firestone tires as standard equipment on the Model T (which Ford began manufacturing in 1908) and made Firestone into a wealthy man and household name. Harvey Firestone and Henry Ford went on to be fast friends and are found in photographs of their annual camping trips. Firestone was not the first, nor the last. B.F. Goodrich began making rubber products in Akron in 1869, Frank Seiberling founded Goodyear in 1898 and General Tire joined the Akron party in 1915. Akron went on to become the tire capital of the world, with Firestone and Goodyear leading the way but times change. Today, except for a few handcrafted racing tires, no tires are made in Akron and the big rubber industry is all gone. Rocker Chrissie Hynde is from Akron, but since reaching adulthood, she has lived most of her life in Europe and Brazil. She returned home to find big changes, writing and performing a song with The Pretenders called My City Was Gone (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFfURSTLvfw&feature=related). (It's the B-side of the more popular Back On The Chain Gang. In a twist of irony, the thumping bass line opening and guitar licks of the song are best known as the opening theme to Rush Limbaugh's syndicated radio program. Politically opposite of Limbaugh, Hynde claims she doesn't like it but it is out of her control. No one has ever heard her complain while cashing her royalty checks, either. Click on the title to hear the complete song.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Ford_Edison_Firestone1.jpg/200px-Ford_Edison_Firestone1.jpg
Henry Ford, Thomas Edison and
Harvey Firestone, the fathers of
modern America on one of their
famous camping trips.

...in 1846, the wagon train led by George Donner and James Reed, found the first warning that their route was impassible. Instead of following the established California Trail from Fort Bridger, Wyoming, the Donner-Reed Party followed a new, shorter route published by Lansford Hastings. It turns out, Hastings had never actually taken the route himself, he had drawn it from maps. The Donner-Reed Party had no idea of the hardships there were about to endure, including a miserable trip across 100 miles of the Great Salt Desert and eventually becoming stranded in the Sierra Nevada mountains, near present day Truckee, California. The stranded emigrants resorted to cannibalism to survive, only 45 of the original 89 of the group made it to California. Donner Lake and Donner Pass are named in their honor, the location of their winter hardship. (Several years ago, PBS aired an episode of the series The American Experience (http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/donner/) about the Donner-Reed Party. Click on the title to view the web page about the program. Amateur historian, Daniel M. Rosen, published a website dedicated to the Donner Party (http://www.donnerpartydiary.com/), including a link to the Donner Party Cookbook (http://books.google.com/books?id=LT6ZjA50I0MC&dq=donner+party+cookbook&printsec=frontcover&source=bn&hl=en&ei=kRl2SvaeIJW8NtKS8LAM&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4#v=onepage&q=&f=false).

Stop snickering, it's a serious cookbook, along with historical perspectives, written by Dr. Terry Del Bene. It includes recipes that were popular in the day, including Rabbit, Gruel, Buffalo Stew, Arrowroot Pudding, Potato Soup, Mutton Soup, Irish Potato Salad, Scrapple, Mince Meat and a couple of things that I don't think I'd like to try...well, use your imagination...Johnny Cake, Brain Stew and Lumpy Dicks. As Dave Barry would say, I am not making this up. Click on the title to see the cookbook at Google Books.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Donner_Pass_kingp052.jpg/800px-Donner_Pass_kingp052.jpg
Donner Pass in the mid 19th Century, before the
transcontinental railroad was built on the area to the
right. The Donner Lake Wagon Road winds up to the pass,
it would later carry the Lincoln Highway. In the distance is
Donner Lake, site of the Donner-Reed Party tragedy. Of
course, Donner Reed would go on to stardom in Hollywood,
including the popular It's A Wonderful Life. Oh, stop it. It's
just a joke.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/51AS0JJ7NNL.jpg (http://books.google.com/books?id=LT6ZjA50I0MC&dq=donner+party+cookbook&printsec=frontcover&source=bn&hl=en&ei=kRl2SvaeIJW8NtKS8LAM&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4#v=onepage&q=&f=false)
Care to join us in the kitchen?

...in 1949, the National Basketball Association was born from the merger of the rival Basketball Association of American and the National Basketball League. The fledgling league, with such teams as the Minneapolis Lakers and Milwaukee Hawks, grew through the 1950's and 1960's to the modern 30 teams, attracting millions of fans around the world.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/MilwaukeeAtlHawks1a.gif http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/LosAngelesMinneapolisLakers.gif
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/BAA.gif http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/NBL40s.gif
Ore-NBA logos of the BAA and NBL

...in 1492, In fourteen hundred and ninety two, Columbus sailed the ocean blue... or, at least, so the children's poem goes. Christopher Columbus (or, "Colombus" if you keep his non-Anglicized spelling) set sail from Palos, Spain in command of three ships, the Niña, Pinta and the Santa Maria, in search of a new route to the wealthy cities of Asia. On October 12, the small fleet caught sight of land (most likely the Bahamas) and went on to stumble into Cuba, thinking it was mainland China. Columbus is given credit for discovering the New World, even though Erik, The Red and the Vikings had colonized Greenland and Newfoundland in the 10th Centuries. Most historians agree that Columbus did not discover the new world, in fact, he wasn't the first. Columbus was the first who stayed in the new world, thereby bringing it to the world's attention. (The idea that popular medieval belief said the earth was flat is a myth, perpetuated by storytellers in the 19th century. The ancients knew the world was round, so did everyone else. Their calculations of the size of the earth were incorrect, not the shape. Before Columbus, the furthest any European ship traveled without reaching landfall was 30 days. The incorrect belief was that no ship could travel the distance to Asia by sailing west. Columbus disproved this, sort of. He really though he had reached Asia. It was Amerigo Vespucci who promoted the belief that Columbus had discovered a new continent, and a published map named the new continent America from his name.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/1893_Nina_Pinta_Santa_Maria_replica.jpg
Replicas of the Pinta, Niña and Santa Maria sailed to the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago.
The Exposition, also known as The White City, commemorated the 400th anniversary of the
first Columbus voyage. Columbus has been called the consumate politician - he set out without
knowing where he was going, he returned to a hero's welcome with no idea where he had been,
and he did it all with someone else's money.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 42 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1892, Lizzie Bordon took and axe and gave her mother 40 whacks. When she saw what she had done, she gave her father 41. Well, so goes the old rhyme. Despite strong circumstantial evidence, a jury aquitted Lizzie of the heinous murders and she lived quite comfortably until her death in 1927. The murder has never been solved. Lizzie Borden was distantly related to the famous milk producer, Gail Borden, and to Robert Borden, Prime Minister of Canada during WWI. In an ironic twist, Lizzie Borden was portrayed in a television dramatization by Elizabeth Montgomery. Genealogist Rhonda McClure documented that Borden and Montgomery are sixth cousins once removed. "I wonder how Elizabeth would have felt if she knew she was playing her own cousin," she said in Genealogy Magazine.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Lizzie_borden.jpg/225px-Lizzie_borden.jpg
Lizzie Borden

...in 1942, the song White Christmas premiered in a film entitled Holiday Inn. Bing Crosby was already a popular crooner, having started his career signing with the Paul Whiteman orchestra in 1927. He was also noted for both his comic and dramatic acting ability, winning an Oscar for Going My Way in 1944. He was also a noted golf fanatic, sponsoring a tournament that bore his name and he died in 1977, on a golf course. White Christmas has sold about a bazillion copies, and was made into a movie with Danny Kaye that some have claimed was a remake of Holiday Inn. It was not a remake, however, White Christmas (1954) did share some concepts and used the same sets as Holiday Inn. (A famous motel chain, started in 1952, took its name from the film.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/ReynoldsMarjorieHolidayInn_01.jpg
Bing Crosby, Fred Astaire, Marjorie Reynolds and Virginia Dale in Holiday Inn
with music by Irving Berlin. His song, White Christmas, was written for the
movie and earned an Academy Award for Best Song.

...in 1936, Jesse Owens won the long jump in the Berlin Olympics. It was the second of four gold medals he would win in the Olympiad, in Der Führer's face - disproving to the world the superiority of the Aryan Race. Owens jumped 26' 5-1/2" (the first time anyone jumped over 26' in Olympic history) to set a record that would stand for 24 years. Hitler left the stadium in disgust. In Germany, Owens traveled with, stayed in the same hotels with, and ate with his teammates. These were all things he could not do back in the United States, where Jim Crow laws forced him to eat take-out or dine in black-only restaurants, and to stay in black-only lodgings. While Germany praised the Aryan Race and demeaned all others, the Germans were more cordial than the Americans back home. Hitler did not shake his hand, but Owens said they did wave to each other. Things weren't so great back home, either. Owens did not receive a telegram or any other acknowledgement from FDR or Harry Truman. It was not unitl 1955 that President Eisenhower gave Owens the Presidential recognition he so richly deserved in 1936. After a hero's welcome in New York, including a ticker-tape parade, he had to ride the freight elevator at the Waldorf-Astoria to attend his own reception. In another ironic twist, in Berlin, Adi Dassler, a member of the Nazi party, approached Owens to wear his shoes - the first sponsorship of an American athlete of African descent. (Adi Dassler was the founder of adidas, which is a fascinating story in itself, which we'll save for another time.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Jesse_Owens1.jpg/250px-Jesse_Owens1.jpg
James Cleveland "Jesse" Owens, the Buckeye Bullet.

...in 1958, the "Top 100" ran for the first time in Billboard magazine. Top of the first chart was Ricky Nelson's Poor Little Fool.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Billboard02_10thAnniv.jpg
The current magazine first appeared as Billboard
Advertising Magazine in 1896 for the bill posting
trade, hence the name. It grew into a trade publication
for circuses and carnivals, then grew into radio and
movies in the 1920s. With the advent of the juke box in
the 1930s, Billboard began to publish music charts.
On this date in 1958, it began publishing the Hot 100 and
combined singles sales with radio airplay.

...in 1944, a Dutch informant tipped the Gestapo to a hidden apartment where Anne Frank lived with her parents, another Jewish family and a dentist. The families were shipped to Auschwitz, and with the Russian liberation of Poland imminent, Anne and her sister were shipped to Belsen-Bergin where they died of typhoid, just two months before the camp was liberated. Her father, Otto, was the only one to survive, and when he returned to Amsterdam, he was presented with Anne's diary, that had been overlooked by the Nazis. Otto published the diary as a book, which has now been translated into 50 languages, documenting the terror that was Europe overrun by Nazi Germany.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/anne_frank_image.jpg
Anne Frank

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Birgfeld’s ex-husband gets domestic violence case sealed

Link: Grand Junction Sentinel (http://www.gjsentinel.com/news/articles/birgfelds_exhusband_gets_domes/)

By Paul Shockley
Tuesday, August 3, 2010

An ex-husband of missing Grand Junction woman Paige Birgfeld successfully petitioned Tuesday to have a judge seal a public case file related to domestic-violence charges.

Robert W. Dixon was granted a petition to seal a file relating to his Oct. 12, 2005, arrest on misdemeanor charges of child abuse and third-degree assault against his then-wife, Paige Dixon.

The petition was approved by Chief District Judge David Bottger during a hearing Tuesday.

Rob Dixon pleaded guilty to misdemeanor harassment and was sentenced to a deferred judgment, which, among other things, means defendants can ask a judge to seal the records if they stay out of trouble and successfully complete their sentence.

The sealed status of the case file means the incident essentially never happened in the eyes of the law, and the matter won’t turn up in routine background checks. Court staff at the Mesa County Justice Center on Tuesday wouldn’t acknowledge the case’s existence.

Frank Birgfeld greeted news of his former son-in-law’s legal move with anger Tuesday.

“It’s an interesting concept that those in judiciary feel it is within their power to rewrite history,” Birgfeld said. “I wish the judge had the power to make certain things involving Paige never happen. Maybe I can file a petition or get a prominent Denver lawyer to get that done.”

Birgfeld said he suspects he knows how Dixon paid an attorney to address the issue. “He asked for child support, and I’m paying it out of Paige’s estate,” Birgfeld said.

Scott Robinson, a Denver-based attorney who represented Dixon in unrelated matters, said he wasn’t retained to seal Dixon’s case file.

“Good,” Robinson said when told of Dixon’s move. “This was sort of one of those loose ends I had encouraged him to tie up. I’ve always felt the underlying charges were totally bogus.”

Attempts to reach Dixon at his home in Pennsylvania were unsuccessful Tuesday.

According to an arrest affidavit, Dixon denied any physical contact with his wife during the October 2005 incident, acknowledging only that they argued after she told him she had been performing topless massages. Paige Dixon told deputies that her husband had pushed her to the ground before slapping her on her shoulder and punching her in the throat as she held a child, the affidavit said.

Dixon, a former treasurer of the Grand Junction Rural Fire Protection District, was the focus of an investigation by a Mesa County grand jury looking at the investment of millions of public dollars into a New York-based Internet firm. The grand jury declined indictments.

Paige Birgfeld was reported missing in June 2007, and the Mesa County Sheriff’s Department cleared her ex-husbands, including Dixon, of involvement months later.

A Mesa County magistrate awarded custody of Paige Birgfeld’s three children to Dixon.

“Rob has been very generous in allowing us to have the children during school breaks, Christmas and other holidays,” Frank Birgfeld said.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There was a new development in Paige's case yesterday. Rob Dixon had his domestic violence court records sealed, it's in this thread: Dixon Successfully Has Records Sealed (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/dixon-successfully-has-records-sealed-63520/). (You can read the article in the post immediately above this one.) There was no other news, no other developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 49 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1944, Polish insurgents freed 348 Jews from a forced-labor camp in Warsaw. The Germans managed to kill 15,000 insurgents, but the Poles fought on and took over at least half of the city from the Germans. Some of the Jews formed their own brigade, repairing captured German tanks to use in the rebellion. The Warsaw Uprising began on August 1, 1944 and lasted until October 2, when the Polish Home Army surrendered to the Germans.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Jewish_prisones_of_KZGesiowka_liber.jpg
Jewish Prisoners freed by soldiers of the Home Army on
August 4, during the 1944 Warsaw Uprising.

...in 1962, blonde bombshell Marilyn Monroe was found dead in her home, nude, face down with the phone in one hand. Empty pill bottles were in the room, setting the scene for a cause of death as suicide. Conspiracy theorists seem to think the Kennedy family had something to do with it, in fact, Robert Kennedy is rumored to have been with her earlier in the day but no link to the Kennedy family has ever made to her death. She is still mourned all these many years later.

http://www.filmforum.org/films/7year/7Year_2.jpg
Marilyn Monroe with Tom Ewell in Billy Wilder's 1955
film The Seven Year Itch. It is one of the lasting images
of the enduring "blonde bombshell." She remains one of the
most popular actresses of all time.

...in 1861, President Abraham Lincoln imposed the first federal income tax. It was a tax of 3% on any income over $800 annually, which was a rather princely sum. (The practice, called progressive indexing, increases the percentage of taxes as income increases. The practice of making the highest incomes pay the highest taxes continues to this day, with the top 5% of earners paying over half of all the taxes collected. See "Who Really Pays Income Tax?" (http://www.taxfoundation.org/blog/show/341.html) from the Tax Foundation.)

...in 1983, the final approval was made by a U.S. District court, force telecommunications giant, AT&T to divest itself of local telephone service providers. The AT&T dragon had finally been slain by justice department do-gooders, creating Southwestern Bell, Pacific Telesis, Ameritech, U.S. West, NYNEX, BellSouth and Bell Atlantic. Of course, every dragon lays an egg before it is slain and this egg has hatched. Slowly, but surely, the so-called Baby Bells have been merging until they swallowed AT&T itself and is back to being a telecommunications giant.

...in 1981, President Ronald Reagan followed through on a promise and fired 11,359 air-traffic controllers who had walked off the job and defied his order for them to return to work. (Federal law prohibits striking by certain workers, including air traffic controllers.) Included in the firing was a lifetime ban on rehiring any of the strikers. The lifetime ban was later lifted by President Reagan, and in 1986, several of the fired controllers were rehired.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Reagan_speaks_on_air_traffic_controllers_strike_19 81.jpg/200px-Reagan_speaks_on_air_traffic_controllers_strike_19 81.jpg
On August 3, 1981, President
Ronald Reagan stated, ""They are
in violation of the law and if they do
not report for work within 48 hours
they have forfeited their jobs and will
be terminated." On August 5, he made
good on his promise.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 49 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1945, an American B-29 named the Enola Gay dropped the first atomic weapon used in warfare on the city of Hiroshima, Japan. The Japanese were losing the war but vowed to fight on to the death. Pleas for surrender went ignored, and casualties in the millions were predicted for an American invasion of the Japanese homeland. President Harry Turman authorized use of "Little Boy" (the nickname for the bomb) that exploded 1900 feet above the ground with the explosive force of 12,500 tons of TNT. The city was practically leveled, 80,000 people died instantly and 35,000 were injured. Another 60,000 would die from effects of the explosion. One more atomic bomb would be dropped before Japan finally surrendered, bringing WWII to a long awaited end.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Atomic_cloud_over_Hiroshima.jpg/215px-Atomic_cloud_over_Hiroshima.jpg
The resulting mushroom cloud over
Hiroshima after the detonation of the
bomb nicknamed, "Little Boy."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Hiroshima_aftermath.jpg/250px-Hiroshima_aftermath.jpg
The aftermath in Hiroshima
after the blast.

...in 1932, the application to patent the concept of the drive-in movie was made by Richard Hollingshead, Jr. His idea was to allow a family to attend a movie without baby sitters or excess expense, while sitting in the comfort of their own automobile. The patent was declared invalid in 1950, spurring an enormous growth. In 1958, the high point of drive-ins was reached with 4,063 across the country. Today, very few remain. (The first drive-in opened in Camden, New Jersey on June 6, 1933 ("http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our, 1933-own-missing-22516/index278.html#post655147).)

http://www.driveintheater.com/history/dit02.jpg
Hollingshead's first drive-in theater opened
June 6, 1933. He received the patent for his idea
on this date in 1932.

...in 1965, President Lyndon Baines Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act, making it illegal to impose any restrictions on any election. Most restrictions placed on voting had been placed to prevent African Americans from voting. An Alabama march that resulted in blacks being beaten by state troops shamed Congress into passing the legistlation. Free elections had been guaranteed by the 15th Amendment, ratified in 1870 but many blacks found they were told they had the date wrong, officials were not availble, or they would be forced to pass stupid tests like reciting the entire Constitution. Although not strongly enfoced, the law provided legal means to challenge stupide rules. Black voter turnout went from 6% in 1965 to 59% in 1969. Later, President Nixon extended the law to lower the eligible voting age to 18.

...in 1997, struggling Apple Computer company found a sugar daddy in the form of a $150 million minority stake purchase by rival, Microsoft. By taking a byte out of Apple, MS was able to guarantee domination in the Apple software market. Apple went on to greater heights, introducing the G4, called a desktop supercomputer, PowerBook, the G5, iBook, iPod, iPhone and many more cutting edge products.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/weird_stuff/home_computer.jpg
At least the purchase by Microsoft didn't result in this,
the home computer as projected by Rand Corp in 1954. I
wonder what the wheels would be used for?

...in 1926, 19 year old Gertrude Ederle swam the 21 miles from Cape Griz-Nez to Dover, becoming the first woman to swim the English Channel. She had already won a gold medal in the 1924 Paris Olympics in the 4 x 100 relay and bronze in both the 100 and 400 meter freestyle. In 1925, she became the first woman to swim the length of New York Bay, from Battery Park to Sand Hook, NJ in 7 hours 11 minutes, breaking the previous mens' record. Her hearing was damaged in the Channel crossing and she spent most of her life teaching deaf children to swim. She died at the age of 98 in 2003.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-10212%2C_Gertrud_Ederle.jpg/180px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-10212%2C_Gertrud_Ederle.jpg
Gertrude Ederle in 1930. She
was an Olympic Gold Medalist and
the first woman to swim the English
Channel. She died in 2003 at the
age of 98.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 24 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1794, farmers in the west had difficulty getting their products to the east coast markets without spoiling, so one method was to convert corn to whiskey, and ship it east by the barrel. The federal government instilled (so to speak) a tax on liquor and stills. Irate farmers in Pennsylvania revolted in what has become known as the Whiskey Rebellion, by buring the homes of the tax collectors. They also tarred and feathered revenue officers. President Washington sent in 12,900 troops to force the farmers back to their homes.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/WhiskeyRebellion.jpg/300px-WhiskeyRebellion.jpg
President Washington prepares to
lead his troops to Pennsylvania to
put down the Whiskey Rebellion. Also in
command were Secretary of the Treasury
Alexander Hamilton and Revolutionary War
hero, General "Lighthorse" Harry Lee.

...in 1928, the dollar continued to shrink. In this case, it was not inflation but the physical dimensions of the currency, reduced about 30% from its previous size. New bills were printed in denominations from one to ten thousand dollars, including a new $2 bill. One year later, paper bills were reduced another 25%, reaching today's familiar size and standard set of portraits and symbols.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/US_%241_1928_Silver_Certificate.jpg/800px-US_%241_1928_Silver_Certificate.jpg
The series 1928 dollar bill was a Silver Certificate, meaning that the bill was
backed by a silver deposit. In 1963, it changed to a Federal Reserve Note and took
on the familiar appearance that we know today.

...in 1942, the 1st Marine Division began Operation Watchtower, landing on Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands. It was the first offensive in the Pacific Theater, the beginning of the strategy of "island hopping" toward the Japanese Islands. On June 6, the Japanese had invaded Guadacanal and began to construct an airfield that would have given them strategic advantage over the Allies. Operation Watchtower called for the invasion of six of the Solomons. Resistance was strong on the other five islands but those on Guadalcanal initially met little resistance - the Japanese did not know they were there. The next day, however, the Japanese began to fight back in fierce hand-to-hand jungle warfare as well as air and naval battles. In February, 1943, the Japanese retreated on secret orders from the Emperor. When it was over, an American general said, "These people refuse to surrender." The Japanese lost 25,000 men, the Americans lost 1,600. Both navies lost 24 ships. The first Medal of Honor issued to a Marine went to Sgt. John Basilone for valor during the operation.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/GuadLandingsLunga.jpg
US Marines hit the beach on Guadalcanal, August 7, 1942.

...in 1947, the balsa wood raft Kon-Tiki landed on Tuamotu Archipelago, near Tahiti. The raft was captained by Thor Heyerdahl, a Norwegian anthropologist, who set out to prove his theory that the Pacific Islands could have been settled by South American natives. His 101 day, 4,300 mile voyage set out from Callao, Peru on the 40 square foot raft on April 28. His fellow scientists scoffed but the general public loved him, propelling his book about the voyage to bestseller status. Heyerdahl died in 2002 at the age of 87. The raft is on display at the Kon-Tiki Museum in Oslo.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/KonTikiInMuseum.jpg/300px-KonTikiInMuseum.jpg
The Kon-Tikiin Oslo, Norway

...in 1959, Explorer 6 was launched into orbit. The unmanned satellite took a photo of the earth from 17,000 miles and transmitted it to earth. The transmission took 40 minutes to complete.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/GPN-2002-000200.jpg
It doesn't look like much now, but in
1959, this was an amazing image of Earth.

...in 1974, the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center was the scene of Frenchman, Philip Petit, walking on a cable strung between the towers. It was, as he said, the "artistic crime of the century." Petit conceived of the stunt while reading about the WTC at the dentist's office. The center was under construction and he became obsessed with the towers, visiting them several times with phony credentials while acting like a construction worker. On the night of August 6th, he and his crew rode up the freight elevators to mount his wire across the gap. He used a bow and arrow to shoot a fishing line across the gap, pulling larger and larger ropes back and forth before pulling the 450 pound wire rope between the towers. It was the first time the towers were joined. At 7:15 AM, Petit stepped off the South Tower onto the wire. He caused a massive traffic jam, 1,350' below. The Port Authority was notified and officers were dispatched to arrest him as soon as he reached the North Tower, Instead, he ran back to the center of the wire and danced! When it started to rain, he stepped off the wire on to the roof of the South Tower and was immediately arrested. He was handcuffed and shoved down a flight of stairs, which he later said was the most dangerous part of the stunt. When asked why he did it, he shrugged and replied, "When I see three oranges, I juggle. When I see two towers, I walk."

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/petitWTC.jpg
The Artistic Crime of the Century

...in 1987, as the Cold War was thawing towards its end, Lynne Cox swam from the United States to the Soviet Union across the Bering Strait, the first so recorded swim in history. A powerful open water swimmer, Cox joined fellow high school swim team members in the 31 mile swim to Catalina Island. At the age of 15, she crossed the English Channel in nine hours, fifty seven minutes, setting a world record for both men and women. Two years later, she duplicated the feat and set another record. Cox also swam the Straits of Magellan in Chile and around the Cape Point in South Africa. To prepare for the swim to the Soviet Union, she trained in water between 38º and 42º. Cox rarely wore a wetsuit, and set off into the Bering Strait, the water just above freezing, wearing just a swimming suit. She took 2 hours and 16 minutes, crossing the International Dateline, to swim the 2.7 miles from Little Diomede Island, Alaska to Big Diomede Island, Chukot. (She would go on to swim more than a mile in Antarctica.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/05skin-600.jpg
Lynne Cox Swims to the Soviet Union
Photo by Gabriella Minotto

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 13candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1974, President Richard Milhouse Nixon announced to the nation that he was resigning, the first and only President (to date) to do so. "By taking this action, I hope that I will have hastened the start of the process of healing which is so desperately needed in America." The resignation grew out of a botched burglary at the DNC headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington. The resulting impeachment proceedings were not for the burglary, but for obstruction of justice.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Nixon-depart.png
President Nixon waves good-bye from the door of Army One after his
resignation took effect, on August 9, 1974.

...in 1863, Nixon wasn't alone this day. After the retreat of the Confederate army from Pennsylvania, a result of the Union victory at Gettysburg, General Robert E. Lee tendered his resignation to President Jefferson Davis. The resignation was refused, as President Davis believed that Lee was the most qualified man in the Confederate army to lead.

...in 1963, a gang of 15 executed a well-designed plan to steal $7 million from a Royal Mail train between Glasgow and London. The train had operated for 125 years without interference until this date. The 75 postal workers on the train had no idea the robbery was in progress, as the robbers had uncoupled the locomotive and front coaches, then parked the train on a bridge. They off-loaded the loot to trucks that were waiting under the bridge. However, the thieves panicked and within six months, police put 12 of the 15 in jail. All but two of the gang were apprehended, one was caught in 1965 in Montreal, while Ronald Biggs made it to Brazil were he successfully fought extradition. Many years later, in failing health, he returned to Britain to turn himself in and he died in prison. None of the money was ever recovered.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/media/images/38772000/jpg/_38772595_train238.jpg
The thieves hijacked the train signals. They stopped the
train, clobbered the engineer and uncoupled the train from
the mail coaches, then drove the train to a bridge. The
engineer survived the attack, but he was never
able to work again. None of the money has ever
been recovered.

...in 1998, the lights went on at Wrigley Field in Chicago. The first night game in professional baseball was played in Des Moines, Iowa on May 2, 1930 when a crowd of 12,000, where average attendance was 600, came to see the game against Wichita. The major leagues did not catch on until May 24, 1935 when the Cincinnati Reds turned on the lights for the first time. Every major league park, except Wrigley, installed lights but the Cubs continued to play only day games. On this day in 1998, the first night game at Wrigley was started...but was called on account of rain. (Some said it was God's way of protesting lights at Wrigley.) According to the Cubs media guide, the first night game was against the Mets on August 9.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/wrigley-6.jpg
No, no, no! I said a BUD Light!

...in 1960, the filming of West Side Story began in New York. The retelling of Romeo and Juliet had been a major hit on Broadway. The film's supporting actress, Rita Moreno, won an Oscar for her performance. Moreno was the very first person, and is one of the very few, to win an Oscar, an Emmy, a Tony, and a Grammy. West Side Story won ten Academy Awards, including Moreno, along with Best Supporting Actor, Best Director and Best Picture.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b3/West_Side_Story_Poster.gif

...in 1907, a Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost passed a 15,000 mile test proving the durability of a 7 litre engine and a gear box. The result was the reputation that the Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost was..."The Best Car in the World." The size of the engine is most notable, a 7 litre engine translates to an America engine displacement of about 425 cubic inches, and that was in 1907!

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Ghost_at_Centenary.jpg/250px-Rolls-Royce_Silver_Ghost_at_Centenary.jpg
A Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost, considered one of the
most beautiful cars every built, as well as one of the
finest cars ever built.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 40candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1974, Gerald Ford took the oath of office to be President of the United States, following the unprecedented resignation of President Richard Milhouse Nixon. Nixon had appointed Ford to be Vice President, following the resignation of Vice President Spiro Agnew. Ford, the 38th POTUS, was the first President not elected to the executive office. President Ford was defeated in a re-election bid by Jimmy Carter in 1976.

http://watergate.info/images/ford-swearing.jpg
Gerald R. Ford, Betty Ford and Chief Justice
Warren E. Burger, who administered the oath to
the first POTUS not elected to the office.

...in 1962, Chrysler Corporation set the auto industry on its ear by announcing a 5 year, 50,000 mile warranty for 1963 models.

http://www.misterw.com/Chrysler/63Chr2Dr02.jpg
A 1973 Chrysler 300, one of the Mopar products protected by the
5 year/50,000 mile warranty.

...in 1936, African American Jesse Owens, at the Berlin Olympics, won his fourth gold medal of the games in the 4 x 100 relay, the team setting a new world record of 39.8 seconds. Owens dominated the games, disproving Hitler's claim to the superiority of the Aryan race.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Jesse_Owens1.jpg/250px-Jesse_Owens1.jpg
Jesse Owens about to set a new world record in the long jump.

...in 1945, in the wake of Japan's War Council refusal to surrender after the total destruction of Hiroshima, the second nuclear bomb of WWII was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan. The bomb, named "Fat Man" was loaded into a specially equipped B-29, Bock's Car, named after the pilot, Frederick Bock. The explosion packed the wallop of 22,000 tons of TNT, obliterating the shipbuilding center and killing an estimated 60,000 to 80,000 people. (The exact death toll will never be known as bodies and records were simply vaporized.) There were no more atomic weapons in the arsenal, but Emperor Hirohito declared, "...continuing the war can only result in the annihilation of the Japanese people..." and authorized the unconditional surrender, bringing World War II to a conclusion.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Fat_man.jpg/250px-Fat_man.jpg
The Nagasaki atomic weapon was named "Fat Man"
after Caspar Gutman, Sydney Greenstreet's character in
Bogart's classic film The Maltese Falcon.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/NagasakibombEdit.jpeg/250px-NagasakibombEdit.jpeg
The mushroom cloud rose 60,000 feet
into the atmosphere after detonation.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/731px-Nagasaki_temple_destroyed.jpg
This image was taken six weeks after the detonation of "Fat Man."
One Japanese journalist described Nagasaki as looking "...like a
graveyard with not a headstone standing."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 40candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1846, a decision was finally made of what to do with a huge bequest from an obscure source. In 1829, British scientist, James Smithson died in Italy. His entire estate was to go to his nephew, but in the event his nephew died without heirs, his entire estate was to go "...to the United States of America, to found at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an Establishment for the increase and difffusion of knowledge." His nephew did pass away sans heir, six years later. Smithson's estate was accepted and on August 10, 1846, President James K. Polk signed the law that established the institution that is today comprised of 19 museums and galleries, nine research facilities around the nation and world, and the National Zoo. Known as "America's Attic," The Smithsonian is a must see for anyone visiting Washington, D.C. and all thanks to a scientist that no one remembers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Smithsonian_Building_NR.jpg/300px-Smithsonian_Building_NR.jpg
The "Castle" on the National Mall serves as the
headquarters for the Smithsonian.

...in 1821, the first state entirely west of the Mississippi River was admitted to the union. Missouri was named for Native Americans that lived there. Statehood had been debated since 1817 over the status of the new state as being a slave or free state. The Missouri Compromise allowed Missouri to enter the union as a slave state but it prevented all other Louisiana Purchase territories, north of the Missouri southern border, from entering the union as slave states. Missouri did not secede, but the forces of north and south deeply divided the state and Confederate guerrillas like Jesse James, continued fighting the war long after the end of the Civil War. A new constitution in 1875 helped lay the divisions to rest. The largest population centers are in the east (St. Louis) and the west (Kansas City.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/KCUnionStation.jpg/300px-KCUnionStation.jpg
Union Station in Kansas City, Missouri was the
"Crossroads of America" for a long time. A shoot-out
in front of the station in 1933, the "Kansas City Massacre"
resulted in the deaths of four, unarmed, FBI agents. After
the massacre, FBI agents were armed.

...in 1948, Alan Funt aired his Candid Camera television show. The concept was to capture bemused and unsuspecting people caught in comic setups. One of the first and favorite bits was a talking mailbox. Another popular gag was for an actor to pull into a full-service gas station and ask the attendant to "Fill'er up!" then go into the men's room. The Volkswagen bug was equipped with an enormous fuel tank, and we got to watch the attendant try to figure out where all that gasoline was going. CBS tried to revive the show in 1991, but the magic was gone.

http://onemargaret.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/candid-camera.jpg?w=150
Allen Funt began his franchise
with "Candid Microphone" on radio. He
filmed his first bit, the talking mailbox, in
1948 and took it to television. His idea
was ripped off several times, all of the
died, simply because Funt was the best at
catching "...people in the act of
being themselves."

...in 1945, Japan submitted to the terms of the Pottsdam Conference and agreed to unconditional surrender. President Harry S. Truman ordered a stop to the atomic bombings, although no one knew that the United States did not have any more weapons in stock. This ended the war against America, although fighting continued in Manchuria between the Japanese and the Soviet Union. The American military began occupation of Japan on August 28 and on September 2, the formal surrender ceremony took place aboard the USS Missouri.

...in 1897, the oldest automobile club, still in operation, was founded and no, you're wrong. The Automobile Club of Great Britain and Ireland later changed its name to the Royal Automobile Club. It was founded on this day by C. Harrington Moore and Frederick R. Simms, automobile enthusiasts who wanted to provide a society for others with an interest in automobiles. The club you thought of immediately, AAA, did not arrive on the scene until 1902.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/scripophily_2062_6065071.jpg
It apparently cost six guineas to join the
Royal Automobile Club in 1906.

...in 1877, Amanda McFarland became the first white woman to settle in Alaska. Although long a territory of the United States, Alaska was still a wilderness with few settlements other than military outposts. (The famous gold rush would not occur for two more decades.) A dedicated Presbyterian missionary that had worked with the Nez Perce and Plains Indians, she quickly established herself with native Alaskans and even presided over a constitutional convention. She remained active until her death, at the age of 80, in 1912.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 19candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1934, America's most dangerous convicts arrive in their new home, a 22 acre island comprised of mostly rock, about 1-1/2 miles away from San Francisco. The group might have been surprised to learn that they had cell mates - military prisoners left from the time Alcatraz was a military prison, which had actually opened in 1868. Attorney General Robert Kennedy ordered the prison closed in 1963. In it's 29 year run, no one ever escaped. Contrary to popular culture, Robert Straud, the "Birdman of Alcatraz" did all his avian studies in Leavenworth and none in Alcatraz. Two escapees did make it to San Francisco, one was found exhausted and hypothermic at the foot of the Golden Gate Bridge and the other, disguised as a soldier, was spotted by a suspicious army officer and recaptured. The Rock is now part of Golden Gate Park and is a popular tourist destination.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Alcatraz_dawn_2005-01-07.jpg/283px-Alcatraz_dawn_2005-01-07.jpg
Alcatraz Island, and the (former) Alcatraz Prison.
Photo by Ben Peoples

...in 1984, before his weekly Saturday radio address, President Ronald Reagan, who often clowned when off the air, performed a sound check by saying, "My fellow Americans, I'm pleased to tell you today that I've signed legislation that will outlaw Russia forever. We begin bombing in five minutes." The crack did not air, but it was caught on tape and someone leaked it later. The usual suspects were aghast at the joke, claiming it was irresponsible and a statement of a repressed desire. Many Americans, except those who hated Reagan anyway, thought it was pretty funny, and that the outrage around the world was even funnier. Reagan, who earlier called the Soviet Union an evil empire, went on to have a close friendship with Mikhail Gorbachev as the two oversaw the end of the Cold War.

Hear the Reagan Sound bite here (http://radio.about.com/library/reagan_bomb.mp3).

http://www.reaganradio.com/App_Themes/thSite/images/reaganphoto.jpg
Ronald Reagan wrote and delivered over
1,000 radio addresses. Usually, his pre-address
clowning around with sound checks went
unheard, until someone leaked the "outlawing
the Soviet Union" talk in 1984.

...in 1841, former slave, Frederick Douglass, made his first abolitionist speech in Nantucket, begining a long career in the abolitionsist movement.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Frederick_Douglass_portrait.jpg/250px-Frederick_Douglass_portrait.jpg
Frederick Douglass (1818-1895)

...in 1919, the former wealthiest man in the world passed away. Andrew Carnegie arrived from Scotland at the age of 13 and took a job as a bobbin boy in a cotton factory. With a burning desire to succeed and with a little luck (like buying a farm over an oil field) he began his rise to power. Carnegie believed the key to success was to control the entire production process, from raw materials to finished products. Thorugh mergers and acquisitions, Carneige held a virtual monopoly on the steel industry. He was known as the King of Steel, the architect of the second Industrial revolution, but also as a union buster and no friend of labor. After selling his interests in United States Steel, he set out to die penniless. He built libraires, funded 7,000 church organs, funded schools and universities, and the Hale Telescope at Mount Wilson. He did use up much of his fortune before he died of bronchial pneumonia.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Andrew_Carnegie%2C_three-quarter_length_portrait%2C_seated%2C_facing_slight ly_left%2C_1913.jpg/225px-Andrew_Carnegie%2C_three-quarter_length_portrait%2C_seated%2C_facing_slight ly_left%2C_1913.jpg
Andrew Carneige (1835-1919)

...in 1966, the first Chevrolet Camero came off the assembly line in Norwood, Ohio. The car was in response to Ford's wildly successful Mustang. Ordinarily it takes about three years to produce a new car from concept to assembly, but GM rushed to bring the Camero and Firebird to capture a part of the lucrative pony car market. When the name was revealed, journalists asked what the word "Camero" meant. They were told, "It's a small, vicious animal that eats Mustangs."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Chevrolet_Camaro.jpg/200px-Chevrolet_Camaro.jpg
The first generation Camero.

...in 1982, the Mall of America opened in Eagan, Minnesota, on the site of the old Metropolitan Stadium. Over 40,000,000 people per year make the pilgrimage to the mecca of shopping. (I love the little cheese store on the top floor, owned by Cheeseheads who also sell Packers merchandise, in the heart of Vikings country!)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a9/Mall_interior.jpg/300px-Mall_interior.jpg
The mall is so large that it houses a
complete amusement park. Formerly
known as Camp Snoopy, it is now the
Nickelodeon Universe.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had Tom,

I haven't had a chance to run the numbers yet, but at first glance, they do sound like what we had talked about. I'll try to look at the numbers tomorrow. Meanwhile, I agree with you that a standardized reporting system will be most helpful. Perhaps we can talk while I'm on the road to Baraboo this afternoon?

J.R.candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1990, three huge bones, sticking out of a South Dakota cliff, were spotted by fossil hunter, Susan Hendrickson. The bones were part of the largest Tyranasaurus rex ever found. The skeleton was 90% complete and well preserved. The Black Hills Institute of Geological Research paid $5,000 to the landowner for rights to excavate the skeleton. In 1992, a series of lawsuits started over the skeleton, including an army raid that would rival an Indiana Jones movie. (You can read about the heavy-handed federal raid at The Seizure of Sue the T. rex (http://www.wmnh.com/wmssz000.htm) The Seizure of Sue the T. rex.) In 1997, the skeleton was sold at auction to the Field Museum in Chicago, where Sue, as the skeleton was named to honor Hendrickson, went on display in 2000.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/800px-Field_fg05.jpg
Sue at the Field Museum in Chicago. Photo by Fritz Geller-Grimm

...in 1939, the Wizard of Oz had its world premier at Grauman's Chinese Theater in Hollywoo... STOP THE PRESSES!!! NO! It didn't open at Grauman's until August 15th! The Wizard of Oz had its world premiere on this date, at the Strand Theater in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin. MGM was nervous about the amount of money spent on what was viewed as a risky project, and thought the movie might have more grass-roots success if it was launched in small-town America. Oconomowoc (also the home of Ole Evinrude, inventor of the outboard motor) was chosen over several other small cities in America, making it the answer to a trivia question that even movie buffs and most Oconomowoc residents aren't aware of. Local resident, Paul Schultz, owns a home on one of the many lakes that surround Oconomowoc, that used to be a summer home that belonged to Herbert Stothart, who spent every summer there. The rest of the year, Stothart was a composer in Hollywood. He won the Oscar for the background music in The Wizard of Oz.

...in 1908, the first Model T Ford rolled out of the Piquette Avenue plant in Detroit, Michigan. Although the venerable automobile would not go on sale until October 1, the design was perfected and production began. Ford would make 15 million of them between 1908 and 1927. The assembly line would be perfected at the Highland Park plant several years later, and the Tin Lizzie would make Henry Ford a billionaire.

http://www.hfmgv.org/EXHIBITS/showroom/1908/touring.jpg
The 1908 Model T, the Tin Lizzie that
started it all. 15,000,000 flivvers would be
built between 1908 and 1927.
Photo by Henry Ford Museum & Greenfield Village.

...in 1877, Thomas Edison invented the phonograph. On August 13, parents began to complain about the lousy music their kids were listening to.*

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/EdisonPhonograph.jpg/200px-EdisonPhonograph.jpg
Edison's Phonograph circa 1899

Hear the phonograph sell itself here. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Advertising_Record.ogg)

...in 1981, microcomputers took their final step to legitimacy in the the market with the introduction of a microcomputer offering from International Business Machines, known simply as the IBM-PC. Comprised of off-the-shelf parts from outside vendors, including an Intel 8088 processor and an operating system from some kid named Bill Gates, the very expensive computer was rapidly accepted by the Big 8 accounting firms and centralized processing began to go the way of the Model T.

http://oldcomputers.net/pics/ibm5150.jpg
The IBM-PC

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

* - Of course, I made that up but the part about Edison inventing the phonograph is true.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 52candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Date In History...

...in 1985, Princess Diana and Prince Charles opened Live Aid at Wembly Stadium in London. A Live Aid concert was also held at RFK Stadium in Washington, D.C. Live Aid was the brainchild of Bob Geldof, the muscians involved had recorded Do They Know It's Christmas and in the United States, a similar group released We Are The World written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Ritchie. All procedes from both recordings went to famine relief, and both recordings quickly went to #1 on the charts of both countries. Eventually, $127 Million was raised for famine relief.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/LiveAidlogo.jpg/230px-LiveAidlogo.jpg
Phil Collins appeared at Wembly, then took
the Concorde to New York and a helicopter to
Philadelphia to appear in both venues.

...in 1960, John F. Kennedy was nominated as the Democrat candidate for President, narrowly defeating Lyndon Johnson of Texas. The next day, Johnson was chosen to be Kennedy's running mate. In November, the Kennedy-Johnson ticket defeated Richard Nixon and Henry Cabot Lodge by the narrowest margin in history, 49.7% for Kennedy and 49.6% for Nixon. Kennedy would not live out his term, he was assasinated on November 22, 1963.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrai t.jpg/175px-John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrai t.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg/225px-37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg
John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson

...in 1995, Chrysler Corporation opened a dealership in Hanoi, Viet Nam and one week later in Ho Chi Minh City. Chysler had a long-term goal of building assembly plants in Viet Nam, as did Ford and Toyota. Chrysler anticipated selling 60,000 vehicles per year in Viet Nam. Some veterans' groups were not pleased with Chrysler's decision to open the Viet Nam market, but other groups felt it was time to move on. They viewed Chryler's operations as a way of promoting healing and a way of opening access to the country.

...in 1938, a television theater opened in Boston. About 200 people paid 25¢ to watch a 9x12 black and white screen. Development of television would stop during the war and commercial broadcasts would not become widespread until after the war. Of course, a side benefit of television development was Radar, an incredibly important tool during WW II.

...in 1930, the first World Cup Tournament was held in Montevideo, Uruguay. France defeated Mexico 4-1 and the United States defeated Belgium 3-0 in the first matches ever held simultaneously. Soccer had been dropped from the 1932 Olympics in Los Angeles, so the international sanctioning body, FIFA, helped to organize a world tournament in 1930. Uruguay had won the gold metals in the Olympics of 1924 (Paris) and 1928 (Amsterdam) was selected to host the tournament, a most unpopular decision. (It would be like the NFL having scheduled all playoff games in Dallas in the 1990's.) On July 30, 1930, Uruguay defeated Argentina as 93,000 fans watched. The World Cup claims to be the largest spectator event in the world - as does the Indianapolis 500.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Estadiocentenario.JPG/250px-Estadiocentenario.JPG
Estadio Centenario was the home of most of
the tournament matches.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 34 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this day in History...

...in 2003, the power grid in the eastern United States failed, causing a major blackout affecting cities in the US and Canada. At 4:10 PM, power plants all over the east shut down within three minutes. Fifty million people were affected in New York, Cleveland, Detroit, Ottawa and Toronto. It took two hours to rescue stranded passengers in subways and elevators that were stopped. Food businesses lost millions of dollars of perishables. Wall Street continued to trade, thanks to generators. Jittery Americans were sure it was a terrorist attack, but it turned out to be tree branches touching transmission lines in Ohio. Blackouts also hit New York City in 1965 and again in 1977, both events inspired movies about the events.

http://www.nassaucountyny.gov/agencies/oem/Images/blackout.jpg
NASA images of the blackout area
before and after the blackout began. It
was the largest blackout in history, at
least, up to that time.

...in 1784, Grigory Shelikov, a Russian fur trader, settled Three Saints Bay on Kodiak Island, Alaska. Alaska had been discovered by Danish explorer, Vitus Bering. Native Aleut populations were decimated by the introduction of European diseases. Russian settlements pushed as far south as Bodega Bay, California but were were driven back to Alaska by the American navy. After the Crimean War, the Russian government was strapped for cash and offered Alaska to the US. Negotiations were stalled by the Civil War, but afterwards, Secretary of State William Seward negotiated a price of two cents an acre. Derided as Seward's Folly and President Johnson's polar bear garden, attitudes toward Alaska changed with the discovery of gold in 1898 and oil in 1967. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed Alaska into the union as the 49th state on January 3, 1959.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Alaska_Purchase_%28hi-res%29.jpg/300px-Alaska_Purchase_%28hi-res%29.jpg
The check that purchased Alaska from Russia in 1867. Secretary of
State William Sewerd brokered the deal for $7.2 million, about 2 cents per acre.
What was derided as Sewerd's Folly became something more interesting
with the discovery of gold in 1898.

...in 1935, FDR signed the Social Security Act. It started out as a way to battle unemployment, but soon became a piggy bank that congress has raided numerous times, leaving it essentially empty.

http://www.ssa.gov/history/pics/fdrvalid.jpg
FDR signs the Social Security Act in 1935 as dignitaries
look on. Included are Rep Robert Doughton (D-NC); Sen. Robert
Wagner (D-NY); Rep. John Dingell, Sr. (D-MI); Unknown man in bowtie;
Secretary of Labor, Frances Perkins; Senator Pat Harrison (D-MS) and
Congressman David L. Lewis (D-MD).

...in 1893, Paris issued the first automobile license plates. The practice did not reach the United States for another decade, but it soon followed and it seems like the plate fee goes up every year. Amazingly, plates were not standardized until 1957. Prior to that, when one moved, one had to drill new holes in the car bumper to mount new plates. In 1957, automakers made agreements with governments and today's 12" x 6" plates were born.

http://licenseplatesusa.com/productimages/license%20plate%20WI101.jpg
Most states use embossed letters on aluminum
with a wide variety of colors.

http://www.15q.net/us2/in04.jpg
In 2004, Indiana began making flat plates
using the 3M flat plate technology.

...in 1980, workers in Gdansk, Poland seized the shipyards and staged a strike, demanding pay raises and the right to form a union without communist control. The strike also brought Lech Walesa to prominence, a key player in ending communist rule in Poland. He became president of Poland in 1990 and served through 1995. Walesa won the Noble Peace Prize in 1983.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Lech_Walesa.jpg/220px-Lech_Walesa.jpg
Lech Walesa, founder of
Solidarity, the first labor
union in the Soviet bloc.

...in 1945, an official announcement was prepared for Emporer Hirohito to announce the unconditional surrender to the Japanese people. The documents had already been submitted to the Allies, but still, a group of zealot soldiers raided the Imperial Palace in an attempt to destroy the documents and prevent the surrender. General Anami committed suicide to atone for the defeat and to not have to listen to the emporer utter the word, "surrender."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Korechika_Anami.jpg/180px-Korechika_Anami.jpg
General Korechika Anami was so
distraught, he committed suicide
rather than hear his emperor use
the word "Surrender."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 26 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1939, the Wizard of Oz opened at Grauman's Chinese Theater in Hollywood. Huge crowds gathered to see the Hollywood elite come to see the hugely anticipated movie classic. The little known fact, however, is that this was not the world premiere. The Wizard of Oz had its world premiere the previous week, on August 12, at the Strand Theater in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin. MGM was nervous about the amount of money spent on what was viewed as a risky project, and thought the movie might have more grass-roots success if it was launched in small-town America. Oconomowoc (also the home of Ole Evinrude, inventor of the outboard motor) was chosen over several other small cities in America, making it the answer to a trivia question that even movie buffs and most Oconomowoc residents aren't aware of.

http://h2one2.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/the-wizard-of-oz.jpg?w=300&h=225
The Cowardly Lion, Scarecrow, Toto, Dorothy and the Tin Man
set off to see the wizard and found everlasting fame instead.

...in 1534, St. Ignatius of Loyola founded the Jesuits in Paris. It grew into the largest male order of the Catholic Church and American college basketball would never be the same.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/St_Ignatius_of_Loyola_%281491-1556%29_Founder_of_the_Jesuits.jpg/180px-St_Ignatius_of_Loyola_%281491-1556%29_Founder_of_the_Jesuits.jpg
St. Ignatius of Loyola (1491 - 1556)
Portrait by Peter Paul Rubens

...in 1899, the head engineer of the main Detroit Edison Company plant in Detroit resigned. The engineer left his stable position to pursue a mad dream of making automobiles, inspired by his successful construction of an automobile in 1896, called "The Quadricycle." Henry Ford would go on to some success in the industry, creating an empire that, at one time, held over 60% of the automobile market.

http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/85/45885-004-A5D4FE73.jpg
A replica of the Detroit Edison plant, from Henry Ford's days of
employment there, is part of the Greenfield Village at The Henry Ford.
Photo by Milt & Joan Mann; CameraMann International

...in 1935, Will Rogers died in a plane crash in Alaska, along with air pioneer, Wiley Post. The beloved humorist was known for his "Aw, shucks" approach to biting political satire and gentle humor. He is quoted as saying, "I never met a man I didn't like," but I know a few he never met. Actually, this mis-quotation was part of a much longer quotation that was taken from the The Saturday Evening Post November 6, 1926 issue where he was talking about Leon Trotsky - of all people. The entire quotation was, "I bet you if I had met him and had a chat with him, I would have found him a very interesting and human fellow, for I never yet met a man that I dident [sic] like. When you meet people, no matter what opinion you might have formed about them beforehand, why, after you meet them and see their angle and their personality, why, you can see a lot of good in all of them." Frankly, I can't think of anything about Leon Trotsky that I could even begin to like. And notice, how the word "yet" is left out of the quotation when you see it. No one knows what caused the fatal crash of Post's airplane but the general concensus is an empty fuel tank.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Rogers-Will-LOC.jpg/225px-Rogers-Will-LOC.jpg
Will Rogers (1879 - 1935)

...in 1969, the Woodstock Music Festival began at Max Yazgur's 600 acre farm, near Bethel, New York. Promoters were not ready for the throng of fans who swarmed the town for the festival, blocking traffic, over-extending emergency services and closing the New York Thruway. The crowd, estimated to be perhaps at large as 500,000 (no one really knows) crashed the gates and flattened fences, staying through rain and mud to see such acts as The Who, Melanie, Arlo Guthrie, Paul Butterfield, Jimi Hendrix, Country Joe and the Fish, Joe Cocker, Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young, Blood Sweat & Tears, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Ten Years After, John Sebastian, Richie Havens, Grateful Dead, Sha-Na-Na and many, many more, a total of 32 acts. The music festival spawned a Joni Mitchell song (a hit for Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young) two albums, one six sided and one four sided, a 1970 documentary film and a new character in Charles Schulz's Peanuts. (Personal note, I was not there but one of my high school classmates was, and she appears in the movie as a bare-chested woman standing above the crowd, waving her hands above her head. Sadly, she passed away at a young age but her image is forever preserved on film.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Woodstock_poster.jpg/250px-Woodstock_poster.jpg
The original movie, which won the Best
Documentary Oscar, was remastered and
is available on DVD.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/woodstock_csg025-1.jpg
Crowds were estimated to be as large as 400,000 and
some said as many as 500,000. I doubt the accuracy of
either number, but there is no doubt that there were far more
people at the festival than anyone imagined or planned on.
Ironically, the only thing connected to Woodstock that made
any money was the film and recordings. The festival's promoters
did not invest in either because they never thought there would
be any money in it.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 64 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1956, actor Bela Lugosi died in Hollywood. He was born in Hungary where he practiced his craft on the stage. He came to the United States in 1921 and his heavily accented English landed him the role of Dracula on Broadway in a play of the same name. He reprised the role in the 1931 film Dracula and immediately became typecast. When he died, he had just started to make his last film, Ed Wood's terrible Plan Nine From Outer Space, widely recognized as the worst movie ever made. Wood hired Lugosi to have star draw and Lugosi took the role because he needed the work. He died after shooting one scene, so Wood used the footage anyway and fulfilled Lugosi's character with someone who didn't look at all like Lugosi - like it mattered in that stinker. Lugosi was buried wearing his famous cape.

http://tahuano.com/cosasdelcajon/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/bella.jpg
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/Bela_Lugosi_01.jpg
Bela Lugosi, in, and out, of character.

...in 1948, George Herman "Babe" Ruth died of cancer in New York City. His body lay in state at the main entrance to Yankee Stadium where uncounted thousands of fans stood in line to pay their respects to The Sultan of Swat.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Babe_Ruth2.jpg/256px-Babe_Ruth2.jpg
George Herman "Babe" Ruth
(1895 - 1948)

...in 1920, speaking of baseball, Ray Chapman, shortstop for the Cleveland Indians, was struck on the temple by pitcher Carl Mays of the New York Yankees. Chapman died 12 hours later, the first and only death to occur in baseball as a result of being struck by a pitched ball. Prior to his death, the same ball continued to be used throughout a game. Balls were scuffed and pitchers doctored balls with tobacco juice (and who knows what) making the ball harder to see. After Chapman's death, the spitball was declared illegal and baseballs were replaced more often since white is easier to see. His death was also heralded as the reason batting helmets were needed, although the rule did not go into place for another 30 years. Meanwhile, the frequency of ball replacement, because new balls are tighter and travel further when hit, created power hitters like Babe Ruth. (for more on Chapman's death, see This Day In Sports (http://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/sports/year_in_sports/08.17.html) from the New York Times.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Ray_Chapman_Baseball.jpg
Roy Chapman (1891 - 1920)

...in 1977, as long on we're on such a happy roll here, Elvis Presley died in Memphis, Tennessee at the age of 42. The King of Rock 'n' Roll died of a heart attack, likely caused by his addiction to prescription barbituates. More than 30 years later, he is still mourned, has millions of dedicated fans around the world, and thousands of people still line up to tour Graceland, his mansion in Memphis.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Elvis_Presley_1970.jpg/220px-Elvis_Presley_1970.jpg
Elvis Presley ca. 1970 (1935 - 1977)

...in 1937, Harvard University became the first school to offer graduate studies in traffic engineering and management. If you've ever driven in Boston, you might question the value of the education Harvard is providing.

...in 1896, George Carmack discovered gold, quite by accident while fishing for salmon, in the Klondike River in the Yukon. The last great gold rush was on (did you ever see John Wayne in North To Alaska?) although most of the 50,000 '98'ers found nothing. Jack London found gold in the stories he wrote that are still enjoyed around the world.

http://www.canadianmysteries.ca/sites/klondike/images/site/173498_2.jpg
Yukon Ditch ca. 1905

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 57candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1890, the inventor of cruise control, Ralph R. Teetor was born in Hagerstown, Indiana. He worked at the family business, Light Inspection Car Company which would evolve into Perfect Circle. Teetor had a knack for inventing in spite of being blinded at the age of six, but he never let that bother him at all. At the age of 12, he and his cousin built an automobile, using a engine they rebuilt, machining each part by hand. He graduated in the top third of his class at Pennsylvania and went on to become a a successful engineer, entrepreneur and executive. While riding with his lawyer one day, he tired of the rocking motion caused when the lawyer would speed up and slow down while talking. He was deterimined to invent a speed control, which first appeared in the 1958 Chrysler.

http://www.cruise-in.com/images/ralph-teetor.jpg
Ralph Teetor
(1890 - 1982)

...in 1933, Lou Gehrig stepped in to play his 1,308th consecutive game, a record that would stand for decades and is still admired. Gehrig is arguably the greatest baseball player to ever live, even batting cleanup behind Babe Ruth, meaning Gehrig was a better hitter and bigger star of the two. He started playing for the Yanks in 1923 but saw no action until 1925 when he stepped in to replace Wally Pipp at first base. Pipp never played again, and to this day, when someone has been permanently replaced, they are said to have been, "Pipped." In 1938, his batting average dropped below .300, he started having chronic medical problems and was diagnosed with ALS, now known as "Lou Gehrig's Disease." He retired and was elected to the Hall of Fame in 1939. Gehrig died two years later.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bb/Wally-pipp.jpg/200px-Wally-pipp.jpg
Wally Pipp was actually benched by manager
Miller Huggins who was trying to shake up the lineup.
Pipp was traded to Cincinnati, where he played an
additional 372 games before he retired. Pipp was also
one of the first writers for Sports Illustrated.

...in 1943, the US 7th Army, under the command of controversial General George Patton, arrived in Messina, Sicily. Field Marshall Bernard Montgomery marched his troops into Messina in a parade, expecting to be hailed as the liberator of Messina, only to be greeted by Patton himself. A megalomaniac, Patton designed his own uniforms, carried pearl-handled revolvers as sidearms and claimed to be descended from a long line of military leaders through reincarnation. Despite these quirks, he was a brilliant military strategist and swept through France and Germany like the Germans weren't there. He advocated continuing through Berlin and moving on to Moscow to depose Stalin and conquer communism - which in hindsight, might not have been such a bad idea. Patton owned a Kissel Gold Bug Speedster and had his class rings embedded in the steering wheel. (The car still exists and is in the hands of a collector, it was once owned by my old boss, Wally Rank, in Milwaukee.) He died in Germany on Dec 21, 1945 from injuries sustained in an automobile accident. If you've never seen George C. Scott's brilliant portrayal of him in the film Patton, do yourself a favor and rent it soon.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/patton.jpg
General George S. Patton "Old Blood and Guts" (1885 -1945)

...in 1998, President Bill Clinton testified before a Congressional inquiry - the first sitting President to do so, where he allegedly purjured himself. He would later be impeached for obstruction of justice - the same charge that forced Richard M. Nixon into resignation 25 years earlier - but survived the impeachment proceedings and finished his term. He forever changed the definition of sex. Speaking of...

...in 1892, Mae West was born in Brooklyn. She was a child actor in vaudeville and moved on to Broadway, where she started to write her own material. She became a master of media manipulation, for example, West produced her own show in 1926 about a gigolo, called simply Sex. She was promptly arrested for obscenity, spending 10 days in jail. She continued to play cat and mouse with censors and scored a hit in 1928 with Diamond Lil. In Hollywood, her rivalry with W.C. Fields is the stuff of legend - they hated each other - and the chemistry between them made screen magic. Her signature line, "Why don't you come up and see me sometime," was a cleaned up version of the real line where she said her legs were named "Christmas" and "New Year's" and something about visiting her between the holidays. West became a star and, quietly, a successful screen writer, and was one of the highest paid women in the United States.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Annex-WestMaeGoWestYoungMan_01.jpg
Mary Jane "Mae" West (1893- 1980)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 28candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1977, the oldest of Minnie's Boys passed away at the age of 87. Groucho Marx and his brothers, Chico, Harpo, Gummo and Zeppo performed together on the Vaudeville circuit, moving on to Broadway in the 1920's. (Groucho's uncle was Al Shean, of Gallagher and Shean fame.) Their most popular Broadway show, The Coconuts, was filmed in 1929 and started a string of movies like Duck Soup, At The Races, At The Circus and Animal Crackers. Groucho is probably best remembered for his role as the quizmaster in the long running You Bet Your Life, but to me, I'll always remember him as Capt. Geoffrey T. Spaulding, Mr. Hammer, Professor Quincy Adams Wagstaff, Rufus T. Firefly, J. Cheever Loophole (a lawyer, of course) S. Quentin Quale and Dr. Hugo T. Hackenbush. (The character was supposed to be "Quackenbush" but when a studio researcher found out there was a real life Dr. Quackenbush, the name was changed to avoid lawsuits. Groucho introduced Johnny Carson as the new host of The Tonight Show in 1962.

You can see a lot of the Marx insanity at YouTube, like Hello, I Must Be Going (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jCvz8y_DUSY&feature=related) and the number that became his theme song, Hooray For Captain Spaulding! in a scene from Animal Crackers. You can also see Lydia, the Tattooed Lady (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n4zRe_wvJw8). One of the funniest bits ever put on film is the Mirror Sequence (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YUZ1hjn_9Ds) from Duck Soup. This had to have taken an incredible amount of rehearsing, blocking and choreography to pull it off. Enjoy!

By the way, the country portrayed in Duck Soup was Freedonia. The city of Fredonia, New York wrote to complain, and asked that all references to Freedonia be taken out of the film as "...you are ruining our reputation." Groucho, himself wrote back and told them to change the name of their town. "You're ruining our film!"

Groucho was also a philosopher with such gems as, "Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana," and "Outside of a dog, a book is man's best friend. Inside of a dog, it's too dark to read."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Groucho_Marx.jpg/220px-Groucho_Marx.jpg
Julius Henry "Groucho" Marx

...in 1958, Humbert Humbert finally sees the light of day as Putnam publishes Vladimir Nabokov's controversial novel, Lolita. If you haven't read it, well, we're not going to talk about it here.

...in 1905, an attorney named Newell S. Wright filed to register the famous crest as the trademark of Cadillac Motor Company. The crest was adapted from the family crest of the car's name sake, Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, the founder of Detroit, complete with the merlettes, a bird related to the duck. You may recall Cindy Crawford in the ill-fated Catera ad campaign, "The Caddy that zigs" when she interacted with an animated duck...er...merlette that came off the logo. The Catera would later be beefed up and was going to be marketed as the Catera CTS until someone at GM figured out that spelled "cateracts" so the name was dropped and became the CTS.

http://farm1.static.flickr.com/24/43655807_a46d727e81.jpg
The original shield included the merlettes
that have since morphed into stylized bars.

...in 1992, Wang Laboratories filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Wang was founded in 1951 by a brilliant man, born in China but educated at Harvard, Dr. An Wang, The company dominated a market for a new device called a "word processor" that changed the face of American business. Dr. Wang invented ferrite core memory, and sold it to IBM in 1954 for $500,000.00 and an undisclosed amount of IBM stock. He also signed a 20 year non-compete clause. Wang Labs sold calculators and other electronic devices until 1974, when the non-compete agreement terminated, and Wang entered the mini computer market as a major player. When Dr. Wang died, he was on the list (along with Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard) of top ten wealthiest Americans. When Dr. Wang died, he held the largest individual block of stock of Wang Labs, but also the largest individual block of stock of IBM.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/_AN_WANG.gif
Dr. An Wang (1920 - 1990)

...in 1920, the 19th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified by Tennessee, giving it the two-thirds majority of states it needed to be enacted as part of the Constitution. Known as the "Women's Suffrage" the Amendment guarantees women the right to vote in all states. It took 82 years for the women's suffrage movement to get the Amendment made into law.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 42candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 2008, a statue of fictional character, Arthur 'Fonzie' Fonzarelli better known as, "The Fonz" was unveiled in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, along the Riverwalk. The actor who played the character, Henry Winkler, was on hand along with several co stars of the old television series, Happy Days. While there is a lot of hoopla surrounding the event, some of us remember that The Fonz is also the source of the derrogatory phrase, "Jump the shark," referring to the episode where Fonzie jumped over a shark while water skiing. The show quickly deteriorated and was cancelled shortly therafter. To this day, the point of the begining of the end of anything, especially a television series, is known as "Jumping the Shark (http://www.jumptheshark.com/index.jspa)."

http://www.bagofnothing.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/bonimage001fonzebronze.jpg
"The Fonz in Bronze." Whoopie.

...in 1909, the very first race was held at the Indianapolis Speedway. The concept was the brainchild of Carl G. Fisher, an entrepreneuer, auto enthusiast, founder of the Lincoln Highway and Dixie Highway, and the developer of Miami Beach. The first Indianapolis 500 race was held on Memorial Day on 1911 and has been held every year since, except for 1917-18 and 1942-45 when the United States was involved in the World Wars. It is the largest attended sporting event in the country. The track was paved with 3.2 million paving bricks, earning the name, "The Brickyard." Now paved over, the bricks are all covered except for a strip, three feet wide, that serves as the start/finish line.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Carl_G_Fisher_1909.jpg/180px-Carl_G_Fisher_1909.jpg
Carl G. Fisher

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/Starting-line-at-the-Indianapolis-motor-speedway-1985.JPG/180px-Starting-line-at-the-Indianapolis-motor-speedway-1985.JPG
The "Brickyard"'s "Yard of Bricks." The original, exposed, brick paving,
three feet wide, remains visible as the start/finish line.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ims_aerial.jpg/300px-Ims_aerial.jpg
The Indianapolis Motor Speedway was the first facility to use the
term "speedway" in its name. At one time, a nine-hole golf course was
located in the middle of the track, part of a 27-hole layout. It has been
changed to an 18-hole course with 4 holes in the infield, and it has hosted
both PGA and LPGA tournaments in the past.

...in 1812, the US Navy frigate, Constitution entered a battle with the British frigate Guerriere off the coast of Nova Scotia. Claims were made by witnesses that said the British cannonballs bounced off the sides as if the ship were made of iron, earning the nickname, Old Ironsides. When she reached the end of her serivce life and deemed unseaworthy, she was set to be scrapped in 1830, but public outcry forced the navy to restore the ship and use the Constitution as a training vessel and for public displays. Old Ironsides was built in 1798 (with copper fittings and bolts manufactured by Paul Revere) and today the USS Constitution is the oldest commissioned warship in the world.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/USS_Constitution_vs_Guerriere.jpg
The USS Constitution defeated
the HMS Guerriere and since cannon
balls seemed to bounce from the ship, she
became known as Old Ironsides. The
USS Constitution is still an official
US Navy warship, the oldest commissioned
vessel, still afloat, in the world.

...in 1934, the first All-American Soap Box Derby was rolled out in Dayton, Ohio. The race was moved to Akron because it has more hills than Dayton and the race is for gravity powered cars. The race is still held every year for contestants aged 9-16, piloting home built cars.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Ohio-Akron-Soap_Box_Derby_track.jpg/581px-Ohio-Akron-Soap_Box_Derby_track.jpg
The "Derby Downs" in Akron, Ohio has been the location of the
Soap Box Derby Championship since the late 1930s. The track was
built in 1936 as a Works Progress Administraion (WPA) project.

...in 1951, the shortest man to ever play major league baseball came to the plate for Bill Veeck's St. Louis Browns, in one of the most bizarre stunts Veeck ever pulled. Bill Veeck, Jr. grew up in baseball, his father owned the Chicago Cubs. The last thing he did before leaving the Cubs, to buy the Milwaukee Brewers, was to plant the ivy on the outfield wall of Wrigley Field. (The Brewers was a minor league club in those days.) He sold the Brewers at a profit and bought the Cleveland Indians, putting play-by-play on the radio and devising promotions to attract an amazing 2.6 million fans in 1948. Veeck signed Larry Doby, the first African-American in the American League, shortly after Jackie Robinson broke into the National League. He was forced to sell the club to finance a divorce, and bought the lackluster St. Louis Browns. In the bottom of the first inning of a game against the Tigers, Veeck sent Ed Gaedel in to bat. Gaedel was 3'7" and Tigers pitcher, Bob Cain, promptly threw four pitches over his head. With the crowd roaring with laughter, Gaedel trotted to first base, in his first and last at-bat. Veeck was a visionary, a proponent of revenue sharing and he saw how big television would be. He had peg leg as a result of a war injury and often quipped, "The only thing I fear is termites."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Gaedel.jpg
Ed Gaidel in his only Major League at-bat.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, so the usual phrase repeats: No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we are 49n to 68 candles, the total often drops off on weekends, especially after NC. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1920, Jim Thorpe and a group of enthusiasts met at the Jordan and Humpmobile showroom in Canton, Ohio, to create the American Professional Football Conference, which would evolve into the National Football League. Thorpe was an international hero, having won the gold medal in the decathalon at the 1912 Stockholm Olympics, he played for John McGraw's New York Giants (baseball) team and he was a huge draw for the Canton Bulldogs football team. The league was formed by the Canton Bulldogs, the Akron Pros, Cleveland Indians and Dayton Tigers. In Decatur, Illinois, George Hallas was building the Decatur Staleys before he moved them to Chicago to become the Bears and Curley Lambeau was building his Acme Packers in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The teams would join the new league the next season. Canton and Akron are out of the league, in fact, Green Bay is the last small market team left. The Bears - Packers rivalry is the oldest, bitterest and most storied in the NFL.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/30/Massillon-canton_game_2.jpg/300px-Massillon-canton_game_2.jpg
Canton vs. Massillon, November 24, 1906. While the pro teams are
gone from the neighboring communities, the intense football rivalry
continues between them to this day. The Canton Bulldogs was one of
the founding teams of today's NFL.

...in 1968, approximately 200,000 Warsaw Pact (girls and boys, can you spell S-O-V-I-E-T U-N-I-O-N?) troops and 5,000 tanks invaded Czechoslavakia to crush the brief rebellion called "Prague Spring" when citizens tried to liberate themselves from communism. In an eerie precursor to the 2007 Russian invasion of Georgia, Soviet Premier Leonid Breznev warned the Czechs that an invasion was imminent if the revolt did not stop, then invaded anyway. (It is true, folks, those who do not know history are doomed to repeat it.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/e16f2e38.jpg
Prague during the 1968
Prague Spring rebellion. The
citizens put up great resistance
but eventually, the Soviets
regained control.

...in 1833, Benjamin Harrison was born in North Bend, Ohio, one of seven Presidents that were born in Ohio. Politics was the family business, his great-grandfather and namesake was a governor of colonial Virginia and his grandfather, William Henry Harrison, had the distinction of having the shortest term as POTUS - dying of pnuemonia two days after giving a long inaugural speech. Benjamin served as a general in the Civil War, then was elected Senator from Indiana. In 1888, he was elected the 23rd President over the incumbent, Grover Cleveland. Harrison signed the Sherman Anti-Trust Act in 1889, setting the stage for breaking up monopolies, he signed the Dependent Pension Act in 1890, providing benefits to disabled veterans and the McKinley Tarriff, intended to protect American trade. Cleveland came back to reclaim the Presidency in 1892, making Harrison the filling of what was called the Cleveland Sandwich. His administration was the first to have a budget to reach $1 Billion. Oh, for the good old days.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Benjamin_Harrison%2C_head_and_shoulders_bw_photo%2 C_1896.jpg/225px-Benjamin_Harrison%2C_head_and_shoulders_bw_photo%2 C_1896.jpg
Benjamin Harrison (1833-1901)
He is the only President elected
from Indiana.

...in 1964, President Lyndon Johnson declared War on Poverty by signing a bill that would spend billions of dollars over the next 4-1/2 decades. Whether the War on Poverty was successful or not depends on who you ask (pretty evenly divided along party lines) but either way, we're still pouring lots of money into the programs and poverty is still with us.

...in 1953, the Soviet Union admitted it had detonated a Hydrogen Bomb. Dubbed Joe4 by the United States, it was not a true h-bomb but the successful test led to the first Soviet detonation of a true hydrogen bomb, UST-37, in 1955. All Soviet tests were made at the Semipalatinsk Test Site, in Kazakhastan, not far from the China border. (The first successful Soviet test of a nuclear weapon, dubbed Joe1 by the United States, was detonated in 1949.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/33/Rsd_37_nuclear_test.JPG/300px-Rsd_37_nuclear_test.JPG
RDS-37 detonated in 1955

...in 1911, the New York Times sent a cablegram around the world in 16-1/2 minutes, an incredible speed for the era. Speaking of messages sent...

...in 1977, Voyager II was launched, carrying messages recorded on a record album for anyone in the universe to hear. No reply has been received, probably because no one has turntables anymore. (It's a joke, folks.) Voyager sent back some stunning photos of the solar system. Communications sure came a long way in 76 years!

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Voyager.jpg/300px-Voyager.jpg
Voyager 2 in Mock-up

http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/images/saturn/7.jpg
Voyager 2 sent back this stunning photo of the rings of Saturn. You can view this
and other images sent back by Voyager 2 at the JPL website (http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/GPN-2000-001976.jpg/180px-GPN-2000-001976.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/GPN-2000-001978.jpg/180px-GPN-2000-001978.jpg
The Golden Record and the cover aboard Voyager 2

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 46candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1959, President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the proclamation that admitted Hawaii into the union.

http://www.eisenhower.archives.gov/Research/Digital_Documents/Hawaii/77-18-1154.jpg

...in 1858, the first of a series of monumental debates was held between Senator Stephan Douglas and Abraham Lincoln. The debates were held during a campaign for Douglas' Senate seat. Democrat Douglas believed every state should have the right to allow slavery, while Republican Lincoln spoke out against the spread of slavery. Lincoln lost the election but the debates brought him to national attention. In 1860, Lincoln won the Republican nomination for President, Douglas was the candidate for a deeply split Democrat party. The two opponents also faced Southern Democrat John C. Breckenridge and Constitutional Union candidate John Bell. Lincoln won the election, with the vote split four ways, he only had 40% of the vote but it was enough for Lincoln to become the first Republican President. Seven southern states threatened to leave the Union if Lincoln were elected, sort of like Alec Baldwin threatening to leave the United States if George W. Bush were elected. Unlike Baldwin, who never followed through, the seven southern states seceded by the time Lincoln was inaugurated. While the Civil War raged, Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation, ending slavery in the United States.

http://www.nps.gov/liho/historyculture/images/debatemap.jpg
The seven debates were held in
seven towns in Illinois during the
campaign.

...in 1903, the first cross country automobile race was completed when Tom Fetch and M.C. Karrup, driving Packard Model F's, arrived in San Francisco, after leaving New York City 51 days earlier. Horatio Nelson Jackson had already made the first cross country trip in the Spring of 1903, by driving a used Winton from San Francisco to New York. 1903 was a big year for the industry, as Buick, Ford, Cadillac and Harley-Davidson all began to manufacture their products.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/1903-packard-car-18312.jpg
A 1903 Packard in the Packard
National Museum in Dayton, Ohio. An
image of "Old Pacific," the car referenced
in the story, is in the University of Michigan
Library Special Collections but the image is
not currently available.

...in 1863, the sack of Lawrence, Kansas took place. The raid was made by Quantrill's Raiders, an army of outlaws that was sympathetic to the Confederate states. The Civil War in Kansas and Missouri was not like the eastern war, with organized armies under the command of elected officials. The frontier was was a guerilla war with partisan bands of citizens attacking each other, like the army of William Quantill. In early August, Union General Thomas Ewing arrested the wives and daughters of the men in Quantrill's Raiders. On August 14, five of the women died when the building, in which they were being held, collapsed. Quantill attacked Lawrence, a center of abolitionism in Kansas. Quantrill's Raiders, including Frank and Jesse James and the Younger Brothers, dragged over 200 men and boys, as young as 7, out of their homes and, in front of their families, massacred them all in cold blood. They set 185 buildings ablaze then headed for Missouri with the Union cavalry in hot pursuit. The incident only served to promote more killing by both sides along the Missouri-Kansas border. (Quantrill was killed by Union forces in Kentucky in May of 1865, but the Raiders continued on, well after the war, when it evolved into the James-Younger Gang.) Jesse James, living under the name of Howard, was shot in the back in 1882. Frank James turned himself in, and his trial, ironically, began on this same date in 1883. Missourians were unwilling to convict the folk hero, and he was acquitted. He lived quietly for another 32 years.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/quantrill-raiders-1500.jpg
This depiction of Quantrill's Raiders sacking a western town was drawn by the famous Thomas Nast.
It first appeared in Harper's Weekly in the September 27, 1862 edition. Nast drew his representation
based on written reports of raids that had been published in several newspapers in the territory.

...in 2004, an American swimmer, Michael Phelps, won his eigth medal at the Athens Olympics. He came home with 6 gold and 2 bronze medals. Of course, he would go on to win 8 more gold medals in Beijing in 2008. His total of 16 Olympic medals is stunning but 14 gold medals is the most won by any Olympian.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Phelpsbeijing.jpg/210px-Phelpsbeijing.jpg
Michael Phelps

...in 1911, the theft of the Mona Lisa from the Louvre in Paris was discovered. Vincenzo Peruggia had walked into the Louvre, removed the painting from the frame and casually left the museum with it under his clothes. It was felt the theft had to be amateur as professional thieves knew it would be impossible to sell, and sure enough, two years later, Peruggia offered to sell the painting to the Uffizi Gallery in Florence. The painting was displayed all over Italy before the Mona Lisa was returned, unharmed, in 1913. The painting has been the target of numerous attacks and today is displayed behind security glass to protect it.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Mona_Lisa_stolen-1911.jpg
"Well, she was here yesterday!" It took museum officials
several hours to verify that the painting was, in fact, missing.
Peruggia was an Italian patriot and thought the painting should
be returned to its home in Italy.

...in 1920, Daphne Milne gave birth to a son named Christopher Robin. When he was 1, he received a stuffed bear as a gift, along with several other stuffed animals. His father, Alan Alexander Milne, had published a hit play which allowed the family to move to Cotchford Farm in Sussex, near a forest that would later become famous as the 100 Acre Wood. using Christopher Robin and his stuffed toys as models an inspiration, A.A. Milne wrote Winne-The-Pooh in 1926 and The House On Pooh Corner in 1928. Christopher Robin did not like the books in later life, and he was estranged from his parents. He was angry with his father, because Christopher viewed his father's work as exploiting children and equally angry with his mother, over her dislike of his bride, Lesley Sélincourt. (Sélincourt was his first cousin, the daughter of his mother's brother, writer Aubrey de Sélincourt.) It gets worse, but we don't want to spoil the memory of the grand books.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/The_original_Winnie_the_Pooh_toys.jpg/180px-The_original_Winnie_the_Pooh_toys.jpg
Kanga, Winnie, Eeyore, Tigger
and Piglet on display at the
New York Public Library.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 56candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1864, the International Red Cross was founded in Geneva, at the Geneva Convention of 1864 for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick of Armies in the Field. (See why it's referred to as "The Geneva Convention"?) The 12 nations meeting there accepted a plan by Swiss humanitarian Jean-Henri Dunant, to provide non-partisan care for sick and wounded in time of war. In honor of his nationality, the chosen symbol was a red cross on a white background, the reverse image of the Swiss flag. All medical personel and medical supplies are marked with the red cross. (Most countries subscribe to the Geneva Convention, but not every country does.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/RedCross.gif

...in 1485, the Battle of Bosworth Field brought an end to the War of the Roses, when King Richard III was defeated and killed by Henry Tudor. Richard had worn his crown into the battle. After his death, the crown was retrieved from a bush and placed on Henry's head, starting the Tudor dynasty that would stand until Queen Elizabeth died in 1603. The war was between two royal families, one used the Red Rose of Lancaster as a symbol, the other the White Rose of York. While the war did not effect the common population, it didn't do much for the royal families that lost many members. In 1486, King Henry VII married Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV, uniting the houses and bringing the War of the Roses to a formal end.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Yorkshire_rose.svg/200px-Yorkshire_rose.svg.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Lancashire_rose.svg/200px-Lancashire_rose.svg.png
The White Rose of the House of York and the Red Rose of the House of Lancaster.

...in 1989, The Ryan Express recorded his 5,000th strikeout while pitching for the Texas Rangers, the first pitcher in Major League history to do so. Lynn Nolan Ryan, Jr. would go on to record an incedable 5,714 career strikeouts. In high school, his reputation for a fastballer attracted the attention of Red Murff of the Mets, launching a memorable and sparkling career. On this date, in the 5th inning of a game against the Texas Rangers, Ryan faced Rickey Henderson. He struck him out on a 96 mph fastball. A video taped message of congratulations played at the end of the 5th inning, from President George H.W. Bush. Future President, George W. Bush was the owner of the Rangers at that time. Henderson said, "It was an honor to be the 5,000th." Davey Lopes said, "If he ain't struck you out, you ain't nobody." He was inducted to the Hall of Fame in memorable class of 1999, along with Robin Yount, George Brett and Orlando Cepeda.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Nolan_Ryan_in_Atlanta_close-up.jpg/200px-Nolan_Ryan_in_Atlanta_close-up.jpg
The Ryan Express in 1983

...in 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt went for a ride in an automobile, the first chief executive to do so. He not afraid to face the new, bold, courageous and talented. He wrote 40 books, took over the failed French attempt to build the Panama Canal and won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to end the Russo-Japanese War. His cousin, Franklin Roosevelt, would follow in his footsteps as President 25 years later, and would be the first president to ride in an airplane. (FDR was a Democrat, Theodore was a Republican.)

...in 1950, Althea Gibson was accepted into the United States Lawn Tennis Association annual tournament at Forest Hills, New York, the first African-American to compete in the national competition. She was a natural, but was relegated to play in the American Tennis Association, formed in 1916 by black players as an alternative to the all white USLTA. She won the first of 10 straight ATA championships in 1947. She traveled with the Harlem Globetrotters, playing tennis at halftime in games and she even went on the pro golf tour in the 1960's. Gibson cleared the way for African-American tennis players much as Jackie Robinsion paved the way for African-American baseball players.

https://layton.wikispaces.com/file/view/Althea_Gibson_1.jpg
Althea Gibson in action.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

Merry Klischmas, Jim!

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 37 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1926, Rodolfo Alfonso Raffaello Piero Filiberto Guglielmi died in New York of an infection, caused by a ruptured ulcer. 100,000 mourners, most of them women, lined the street outside his funeral. Better known by his stage name, Rudolph Valentino, he was was moviedom's first male sex symbol. Each year, on this day, a mysterious woman in black visited the tomb and left a single red rose. While no one really knows for sure, the lady in black was most likely Ditra Flame. Valentino had visited her when she was 14 and deathly ill, and he left her a red rose. She kept up the tradition for 30 years, and stopped when too many imitators ruined the effect. He is still mourned 84 years later.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/5d11756b.jpg
Rudolph Valentino as Shiek Ahmed and
Agnes Ayres as Lady Diana in the
1921 film, The Shiek. The film, made
by Famous Lasky Pictures (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-may-8-2009-a-52395/), made him
into an international sex symbol.

...in 1922, the first South Sea England Speed Carnival was held, the race was won by a car with the unlikely name of "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang." The unusual name stuck with Ian Fleming, best remembered as the author of the James Bond novels. He wrote a book about a magical car, using the magical name that he remembered, "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang." The book was made into a movie of the same name, with Dick Van Dyke in the lead...not as the car, though.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ac/Chitty3.jpg
Chitty Chitty Bang Bang lands in Vulgaria.

...in 1979, the Bolshoi Ballet of the Soviet Union lost their premier dancer when Aleksandr Godunov defected in New York City. His wife returned home to the Soviet Union with the company, but Godunov went on to a career in America before he died in 1993. What kind of a dancer was he? Well, I guess whatever he did, he was Godunov.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a1/Alexander_Godunov.jpg
Alexander Godunov (1949-1995)

...in 1814, Dolley Madison, First Lady to James Madison, saved the portrait of George Washington, in the White House, from the advancing British Troops during the War of 1812. She abandoned the White House, where the British Army dined on food supplies before burning the Presidential mansion. For this, she received the reward of having snack cakes named after her and no, the British soldiers did not finish their meal in the White House by eating Zingers (http://www.dollymadison.com/).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Dolley-madison.jpg/200px-Dolley-madison.jpg
Dolley Madison (1768-1849)
Yes, her name is spelled Dolley.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/ca/DMadison.jpg/200px-DMadison.jpg
A very early photograph, with
Dolley Madison as the subject.

...in 1902, Miss Farmer's School of Cookery opened in Boston. Miss Fannie Farmer was born in 1857 near Boston. She suffered a stroke as a teenager that left her homebound and with a permanent limp. Unable to finish high school as a result, she attended the Boston School of Cooking in her 30's and became a principal. In 1896, the same year Henry Ford built his first car, Fannie Farmer published her first cook book, The Boston Cooking School Cookbook and she advocated accurate measure of ingredients. She left the school to open her own school. She was also an advocate of nutrition for the sick, and worked to convince doctors that good nutrition was part of recovery. She published Food and Cookery for the Sick and Convalescent. She died at the age of 57 in 1915, but the Fannie Farmer Cookbook lives on, and is still in print. (And here you thought "Fannie Farmer" was just a name on a candy box.)

http://g-ecx.images-amazon.com/images/G/01/ciu/3a/cb/47f0810ae7a01a024d180210.L.jpg
Miss Farmer's first cookbook.
(Yes, it's a reprint.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 24 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this day in History...

...in 79, Mount Vesuvius erupted. The two days of eruption spewed uncountable amounts of ash and lava, completely engulfing the city of Pompeii and its sister city of Herculaneum. The cities were buried in 60 feet of ash, which settled over the cities and preserved everything, including the people who died in the disaster. The cities were lost for over 1700 years until their accidental discovery in 1748. While the site has been looted over the years, much of Pompeii and Herculenum is well preserved and it is felt that other villages, inundated by the volcano, remain undiscovered.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Pompeii_Garden_of_the_Fugitives_02.jpg
While excavating the site of Pompeii, archealogists found voids in the lava that were
formed by decaying bodies that had been captured in the flow. Plaster casts were
made by injecting plaster into the voids. Today, resins are used instead of plaster, revealing
the last moments of the citizens of Pompeii and Herculaneum who could not escape.

...in 1814, British Troops set fire to the White House, during the War of 1812. President James Madison had left the White House on the 22nd to meet with his generals, and Dolley Madison fled later in the day, after making sure the painting of George Washington had made it to safety. They were able to return two days later, but never lived in the White House again. Not until 1817 would a President live in the reconstructed White House, President James Monroe.

...in 1945, the last M-24 tank was produced by Cadillac, the last of the war effort by this most noble division of General Motors. Some people say it was the last tank produced by Cadillac, however, anyone who has ever been close to a 1959 Sedan De Ville might take issue with that statement.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/M24-Chaffee-latrun-1.jpg/300px-M24-Chaffee-latrun-1.jpg http://www.classiccaddies.com/images/DSCN5200.JPG
1945 M-24 & 1959 Sedan de Ville - which is the tank? Speaking of automobiles...

...in 1967, Henry J. Kaiser passed on in Hawaii. He was 85, and left a legacy as the owner of a construction company, shipyard, Kaiser Aluminum, an airplane company and an autombile company that we founded with Joseph Frazer. His construction company was a part of the consortium that built the Hoover Dam, Bonneville Dam, Grand Coulee Dam and the footings for the San Francisco Bay Bridge. Kaiser-Frazer was formed in 1945 from the remains of Graham-Paige Automobile Company, and they started building cars in the war surplus plant in Willow Run, Michigan, where Ford Motor Company mass produced B-24 bombers. Henry J Kaiser forsaw a time when people would demand a smaller car than the tanks Detroit was building, and the Henry J was a compact car before anyone knew what a compact car was. They also built and sold Jeeps and the Kaiser-Darren, a sleek, sexy sports car that is still good looking. Kaiser-Frazer folded in 1955, but the Kaiser name lives on in several places, including the Kaiser Convention Center in Oakland, California.

http://files.conceptcarz.com/img/Kaiser/54_Kaiser_Darrin_BY_05_MDB_02.jpg
1954 Kaiser Darren

...in 1938, Rhett Butler found a way to the screen when Clark Gable, reluctantly, signed to play the part. He was afraid that any actor in the shade of David O. Selnick would have an impossible task to play Butler to Selznick's approval. Gable was born in Cadiz, Ohio, (where his home has been reproduced by the Clark Gable Foundation (http://www.clarkgablefoundation.com/index.html)) and he worked in an Akron tire factory at the age of 14. He was an oil driller, lumberjack, salesman and Broadway actor before he caught on in Hollywood. Of course, he played Butler with great success and also won an Oscar for It Happened One Night. He had a storybook marriage with Carole Lombard in 1939, the beautiful actress from Fort Wayne, Indiana, until her death in a plane crash in 1942 during a war bond drive. Gable died of a heart attach in 1960.

http://strattonhouse.com/images/clark_gable.jpg
Clark Gable

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 42andles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1835, the first of a series of six articles, describing a fantasic array of life on the moon, was published by the New York Sun. The articles were written by Dr. Andrew Grant, claiming to be a colleague of Sir John Hirschel who had built an observatory in South Africa in 1834. The articles described purple pyramids, two-legged beavers, unicorns and lush vegitation. Of course, there really was a Sir John Hirschel who really did build a South African observatory but there never was a Dr. Andrew Grant and the whole thing was a hoax to sell newspapers. (The author was thought to be Richard A. Locke, a reporter for the paper, but he never owned up to it and to this day, no one really knows.) Of course, the second great moon hoax, according to some skeptics anyway, is that the United States never went to the moon and all the moon landings, supporting data and photographs were faked. Um, sure, okay. After all, if a man really went to the moon, he would have brought back a unicorn.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Great-Moon-Hoax-1835-New-York-Sun-lithograph-298px.jpg/350px-Great-Moon-Hoax-1835-New-York-Sun-lithograph-298px.jpg
Somehow, Neil Armstrong and the other Apollo astronauts
missed this society that populated the moon, at least, according
to "Dr. Andrew Grant" and the New York Sun.

...in 1926, Beau Geste was released, this was the silent classic with William Powell. The movie was remade three times, well, four if you count a television mini-series, well, five if you count Marty Feldman's The Last Remake of Beau Geste which was a satirical send-up of the story. William Powell made the Thin Man series of movies with Myrna Loy but he was also known as being married to Carole Lombard and for being engaged to the protoypical blonde bombshell, Jean Harlow before she died at the age of 26. Gary Cooper was in the 1926 version and starred in the 1939 remake.

http://www.qwipster.net/lastremake.jpg

...in 1910, the Yellow Cab Company was formed in Chicago by Walden W. Shaw and John D. Hertz. It was so popular that the concept was franchised throughout the country. He went on to buy a small rental company and rename it the Hertz Drive-Ur-Self Coporation. Both companies went on to some success...

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/JohnHertz1899.jpg/150px-JohnHertz1899.jpg
John D. Hertz (1879 - 1961)

...in 1984, Truman Capote died in the home of Joanna Carson, the fourth wife of Johnny Carson. Capote was a well known character in New York, and often said. "There has never been anyone like me and there will never be anyone like me again." After writing Other Voices, Other Rooms and Breakfast at Tiffany's he became interested in a brutal murder in western Kansas. On November 15, 1959, two men invaded the home of Herbert Clutter, where they murdred Mr. Clutter and his entire family. Capote went to Kansas with his childhood friend, Harper Lee (who would later write To Kill A Mockingbird) where he investigated the murders. Capote wrote the story and claimed it to be the first non-fiction novel. It is regarded as his very best and greatest work.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/trumancapotenewsweek.jpg
Truman Capote

...in 1819, the world's best known detective, a real life detective and not a fictional Sherlock Holmes, was born. Allan Pinkerton formed the agency that bore his name, it investigated and solved several train robberies. Pinkerton went on to guard President Lincoln, thwarting at least one assassination attempt on Mr. Lincoln. Pinkerton's activity was the forerunner of the Secret Service. The reputation of his agency was later tarnished when it became involved in union-busting and strike breaking. The Pinkerton Detective Agency still exists as a subsidiary of Securitas AB, and the term "Pinkerton" saw wide use as slang for "detective" and in labor circles, "Pinkerton" became derrogatory slang for union busters.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Pinkerton_allan_late_harpers.jpg/180px-Pinkerton_allan_late_harpers.jpg
An 1887 portrait of Pinkerton,
published in Harper's Weekly.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 32candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1939, the first baseball game was broadcast on television, with the play-by-play performed by Red Barber. The broadcast was beamed into the New York World' Fair, as there were very few television receivers at that time.

...in 1985, Malcom Bricklin began to import the Yugo to America. The car was basically a 1965 Fiat that was assembled in Soviet Bloc Yugoslavia. Time Magazine said, "It had the feeling of something assembled at gunpoint." Voted as one of the worst 50 cars ever made, it was unreliable and parts would just fall off. It became the brunt of numerous jokes, such as the standard equipment, rear-window defroster served to keep your hands warm when you pushed it. A guy goes into a parts store and says, "I'd like a gas cap for a Yugo." The counterman thinks for a moment and replies, "Sounds like a fair trade for me." Speaking of...

http://i539.photobucket.com/albums/ff356/Goran_yugo/ALIM0121.jpg
What do you call a Yugo with dual exhaust?
A wheelbarrow.

...in 1957, the first Edsels were produced by Ford Motor Company. The car was named for Henry Ford's only child, Edsel Bryant Ford, who deserved a better memorial. The Edsel had the stars stacked against it, being introduced as the country was going into a recession, it was built on the same assembly line as the Ford but autoworkers hated it, and consumers who craved such a car in 1955 had changed their minds by 1958. Only 110,847 were made, making the car a collector item, especially the 1960 model of which very few were made.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/1958_Edsel_Red_Cv_ad.jpg
The 1958 Edsel featured the controversial
"Horsecollar" grill that was softened in 1959.

http://i169.photobucket.com/albums/u226/RichmondM/edsel.jpg
1959 Edsel

http://i172.photobucket.com/albums/w39/quebecautoantique/EdselcorsairPrototype1960.jpg
1960 Edsel Prototype. The grill looks suspiciously like the front end
design used by Pontiac throughout the 1960s and into the 1970s.

...in 1957, the Soviet Union claimed to have successfully tested an ICBM, an Intercontinental Ballistic Missile, capable of delivering a nuclear payload to anywhere in the United States. The announcement startled the United States, and coupled with the successful launch of Sputnik, the concept of a "missile gap" became foremost in America's mind. Senator John F. Kennedy made it a major plank in his platform to be elected President. As President, JFK accelerated the US space and missile program, announcing a plan to successfully land a man on the moon and safely return him to earth, and to do so by 1970.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/russia-r7-icbm-bg.jpg
The Soviet R-7 missile launch in 1957
ignited the space race and escalated the
Cold War. Versions of the R-7 carried
Russian Cosmonauts to many space
exploration firsts.

...in 1968, the Democrat National Convention opened in Chicago. There was a bitter battle inside over the Viet Nam platform, but outside, a major police/protester riot erupted. The violence found its way into the convention hall with delegates and television news crews being roughed up by guards. Even CBS correspondent Mike Wallace got punched in the face. The convention riots were commemorated by the band, Chicago, on their first album, Chicago Transit Authority, the album using the name of the group at that time. (The real Chicago Transit Authority sued and forced the band to change its name.) The crowd chanted, "The whole world's watching" outside the convention hall, and the chant is part of the song on the album. Forty years later, the whole world is still watching.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/34472390.jpg
It started out peacefully enough.
(Some of you may recognize those
buildings from National Conference.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/riotcop1968.png
It quickly disintegrated into violence.
Police seemed unable, or unwilling, to
differentiate between protesters and
radicals, so they just started wailing on
anyone who didn't look like a cop.
It is still considered one of the darkest
chapters of Chicago's history.

...in 1920, the 19th Amendment was officially signed into law, after Tennessee was the 36th state to ratify the Amendment on August 18. The official documentation from Tennessee was sent to Washington, where it arrived on August 26th and was signed by Secretary of State Bainbridge Colby, He signed it, without ceremony, at his home with no press of photographers to record the historical event. The 19th Amendment states, "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex," and the ratification was the culmination of over 79 years of effort by the women's suffrage movement.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 37 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1883, Krakatoa Island exploded in the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history. The uninhabited island is near Java and Sumatra in Indonesia. The eruption was heard 3,000 miles away, spawned 120 foot tsunamis and ultimately killed 36,000 people. It threw five cubic miles of debris into the air. Krakatoa blew 2/3 of the island into the Indian Ocean, threw that much earth into the air, causing cloud of ash and dust 50 miles high and streams of pyroclastic flows - combinations of molten gas, rock and ash. Fine dust drifted around the earth, blocking sunlight and lowering earth's temperature by several degrees. Kraktoa is still active today, one of 130 active volcanoes in Indonesia.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/26aug1883krakatoa.jpg
This photo was taken as the
volcano began to erupt.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f4/The_Scream.jpg/140px-The_Scream.jpg
The debris hung in the atmosphere
for many years, causing spectacular
sunsets around the globe. It is now
though that Edvard Munch's famous 1893
painting, The Scream may have been
influenced by the "blood red sky" (as
Munch later described it) in Norway, as a
result of Krakatoa's explosion.

...in 1859, the first oil well drilled specifically for oil, stuck oil at 69 feet in Titusville, Pennsylvania. Edwin Drake saw a source of petroleum, which would soon replace whale oil for lamps and wells began to be dug around the world. A side product of the distilling process, gasoline, was of little value until tinkerers began to use it to power an internal combustion engine and allowing the development of the automobile. Petroleum today is an incredibly important part of the world economy and is a component in everything we use, from asphalt paving to plastics to ointments to asphalt paving.

http://www.priweb.org/ed/pgws/history/pennsylvania/images/tarr_farm_560pxl.jpg
The two wells in Oil Creek Valley, in Pennsylvania that started
the oil craze. The photo is part of the Pennsylvania Historical & Museum
Commission, Drake Well Museum Collection, Titusville, PA.

...in 1938, a new world's land speed record of 345.49 MPH was set by Capt. George Eyston, driving a Rolls-Royce powered automobile. The record, along with almost all the other world land speed records, was set at the Bonneville Salt Flats on the far western edge of the Great Salt Desert. The area is perfect for this task - it is ten miles of perfectly flat surface, there is nothing there but salt. The speed track is so long that when a vehicle is at the starting line, it is out of sight at the finish line because of the curvature of the earth. The actual speed trap is two miles long, allowing four miles to accelerate, two miles of timed track and four miles to decelerate and stop. The current speed record, held by Andy Green, is 763.035 MPH.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/thunderbolt_2.jpg
The Thunderbolt broke the land speed record two
more times. Unfortunately, it was destroyed in a bombing
run during WWII. The heavy vehicle was powered by two
Rolls-Royce engines and ran on eight Dunlop tyres.

...in 1953, the delightful classic film, Roman Holiday was released, introducing Audrey Hepburn to the American film audience. She won the academy award for Best Actress for the part, establishing her as a major Hollywood star.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/Annex-HepburnAudreyRomanHoliday_03.jpg
Audrey Hepburn and Gregory Peck in Roman Holiday.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/Annex-HepburnAudreyRomanHoliday_07.jpg
Audrey Hepburn in Roman Holiday.

Hepburn went on to make several memorable performances in movies such as Sabrina, Funny Face, The Nun's Story and as the quirky Holly Golightly in Truman Capote's Breakfast at Tiffany's. She is also fondly remembered for her performance as the guttersnipe-turned-lady Eliza Doolittle in My Fair Lady, when everyone expected Julie Andrews to repise the roll from Broadway. (Andrews was filming Mary Poppins at that time.) Hepburn was incensed that Marni Nixon's voice was used to overdub her own singing and walked off the set, only to return the next day and apologize for her behavior. (Marni Nixon has sung more musical numbers in Hollywood movies than anyone, but no one knows her, because she dubs for actresses who cannot sing very well.) For her part in Sabrina, cast with Humphrey Bogart, she was sent to Hubert de Givenchy for wardrobe. De Givenchy was told that "Miss Hepburn" was coming to see him, and he expected Katherine, to whom Audrey was not related. Surprised, de Givenchy was not disappointed and the two formed a lifelong friendship. She also had memorable rolls in Charade (some call it the "best Hitchcock movie that Hitch didn't make") and as a blind woman, being terrorized by Richard Crenna, in the edgy thriller, Wait Until Dark. She was also known for her humanitarian efforts around the world.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/Annex-HepburnAudreyBreakfastatTiffa.jpg
Hepburn was stunning in Breakfast at Tiffany's.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/Annex-HepburnAudreyCharade_01.jpg
Poor Audrey Hepburn had no idea who was who in Charade.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 39 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1963, after an estimated quarter of a million people marched on Washington to demand equal rights for all, Dr. Martin Luther King gave his famous "I Have a Dream" speech from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. He ended the 16 minute oratory with these powerful lines: "When we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, 'Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!'" Within a year of the march, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed, along with the ratification of the 24th Amendment to the Constitution, abolishing artificial barriers and allowing all Americans to freely vote. Dr. King received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 but on April 4, 1968, he was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee, at the age of 39.

http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/400martin_luther_king_jr.jpg

...in 1941, the German army had moved into Ukraine and the Gestapo murdered more than 23,000 Hungarian Jews. At first, the Ukrainians had viewed the German army as liberators from their Soviet rulers, but quickly found that the Nazis were worse than the Soviets. SS General Franz Jaeckeln marched 23,000 Jews into bomb craters at Kamenets Podolsk, ordered them to undress, then riddled them with machine-gun fire. Those who did not die from the gunshots suffocated from the weight of corpses on top of them. By the end of the war, more than 600,000 Jews were murdered in Ukraine.

...in 1987, John Huston died from pneumonia at the age of 81. The eccentric rebel was the son of Vaudeville performer, Walter Huston and started his career in Vaudeville, himself. He spent a stint in the cavalry, wrote short stories and plays, and made his directorial debut with The Maltese Falcon, starring Humphrey Bogart. After the war, Huston directed Bogart in the interesting character study, Treasure of the Sierra Madre that won Huston the Best Director Oscar, and best supporting actor for his father, Walter Huston. He directed Bogart again in Bogart's Oscar-winning performance in The African Queen and directed Prizzi's Honor that won an Oscar for his daughter, Anjelica Huston.

http://www.afi.com/Images/tvevents/laa/archive/gal_Huston_John_3.jpg
John Huston with his father, Walter in
1948, on the set of Treasure of the Sieraa Madre.

...in 1996, Charles and Diana divorced after four years of separation. Diana was allowed to keep her apartment at Kensington Palace and title of "Princes of Wales" but gave up being "Her Royal Highness" and any claim to the British throne. It was a disappointment to those who had watched her storybook marriage in 1981, but she remained popular and was known as "The People's Queen." She died tragically in an Paris automobile accident that is swirled with controversy and conspiracy theorists are still having a field day with the accident. Charles married his longtime mistress, Camilla Parker Bowles in 2005.

http://chandrakantha.com/articles/indian_music/filmi_sangeet/media/1996_Charles_Di.jpg
Oh, yeah, that's certainly a happy couple.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 34 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one34 r-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...1876, Charles Kettering was born in an Ohio farmhouse. He graduated from OSU in 1904 and went to work for National Cash Register where he oversaw development of the electric cash register. He founded Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company (Delco) in Dayton, where he invented the self starter and self-contained electrical system for automobiles. He later sold Delco to GM, and headed the GM research team for 31 years until he retired in 1948. There he developed the lightweight diesel engine that made diesel locomotives possible, four wheel brakes, laquer, safety glass and Freon, which made air conditioning possible. He held 140 patents and with GM President, Alfred Sloan, founded the Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/charles_kettering.jpg
Chaels Kettering (1876 - 1958)

...in 1885, the world's first motorcycle was patented. The inventor was, no it wasn't, it was Gottlieb Daimler, as in Daimler-Benz. Two Guys From Milwaukee named Harley and Davidson would not start building motorcycles until 1903. Interesting sidebar: Two Guys From Milwaukee was also the title of a really crummy 1946 movie with Dennis Morgan and Joan Leslie with cameos by Bogart and Bacall.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/ZweiRadMuseumNSU_Reitwagen.JPG/800px-ZweiRadMuseumNSU_Reitwagen.JPG
Gottleib Daimler's motorcycle.

...in 1898, The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company was incorporated in Akron, Ohio, by Frank Seiberling. Charles Goodyear invented the process called vulcanization that made tires possible. Goodyear died penniless in 1860, and Seiberling named the company in his honor. Akron became known as the tire capital of the world with tires being made by industrialists like Benjamin Franklin Goodrich, Harvey Firestone and Frank Seiberling, tires were also made by General Tire. Changes in the international tire market caught Akron with no way to react and tire manufacturing ground to a standstill. Today, Goodyear makes a few racing tires in Akron but otherwise, there are no tires made in Akron. The city now bills itself as The City of Invention.

http://www.rgsouthwellblog.com/wp-content/frank-seiberling.jpg
Frank Seiberling. He lost control of the
company he founded in 1921, so he started
over with a company called Seiberling Rubber
Company in Barberton, Ohio.

...in 2005, Hurricane Katrina clobbered New Orleans, causing more than $80 billion in damage, 1,800 deaths, 1,000,000 people were displaced and 400,000 lost their jobs. Four years later, the rebuilding continues with a long way to go. The disaster exposed incompetent management and corruption at many levels of government, all which seems to be ignored. Critics wonder about the effort to rebuild a city that is 9 feet below sea level and is vulnerable to natural disaster, but the rebuilding efforts continue.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/KatrinaNewOrleansFlooded_edit2.jpg/250px-KatrinaNewOrleansFlooded_edit2.jpg
"Water, water everywhere, nor any drop to drink."
--Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel Taylor Coleridge

...in 1911, Ishi was taken into custody for his own protection in Oroville, California. Ishi spoke no English and seemed dazed and confused by what was going on around him. Thomas Waterman, an anthropologist from Berkeley went to Oroville and began using some phrases from vanished Indian dialects, until he found words that Ishi understood, opening a crude dialog. It turns out that Ishi, about 50 years old, was the last of a the Yahi, a tribe of stone-age Native Americans that had never been assimilated. Ishi reported that his people had been killed during the gold rush or run off by ranchers. The tribe wandered the mountains of Northern California, the tribe shrinking each year. His last male companion was shot and killed by a white man, and Ishi went into Oroville to forage for food. He lived in the museum in Berkeley and amused himself by wandering around the Bay area and riding the cable cars. He died of tuberculosis in 1916 and was cremated, according to the Yahi custom.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Ishi_1914.jpg/250px-Ishi_1914.jpg
Ishi in 1914. "Ishi" is the Yahi word
for "man" that was given to him by
Alfred Kroebler, the anthropologist who
found a common language. When he
was asked his name, he replied, "I
have none. There were no people to
name me."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 8 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1967, Thurgood Marshall was confirmed as a Supreme Court Justice, the first African American to sit on the high court. He served for 24 years until his health forced his retirement, and was replaced by Clarence Thomas. He graduated from Lincoln University in 1930 and applied to the University of Maryland School of Law, only to be turned down because of racial discrimination. He graduated from Howard Univeristy Law School, magna cum laude and sued the University of Maryland, successfully, for their unfair admissions policy. He died of heart failure at the age of 84, in 1993.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Thurgood-marshall-2.jpg/175px-Thurgood-marshall-2.jpg
Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall
Served June 17, 1964 - June 28, 1993

...in 1963, in the wake of the Cuban Missile crisis, a hotline between Washington and Moscow went on line. One of the biggest problems during the missile crisis, which put the two super powers on the brink of nuclear war, was the lack of speed in communications between the two countries. Teletype machines were installed in the Kremlin and the Pentagon. The machines were connected by a 10,000 mile long cable, equipped with scramblers at periodic locations to prevent interception. The first message from the United States was, "THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPED OVER THE LAZY DOG'S BACK 1234567890." The message, of course, insured that every key in the machine was tested and operational. A similar message, albeit in Russian, followed. While the hotline has never actually been used to prevent a war (that we know of, anyway) the mostly symbolic device has been an interesting prop in such movies as Fail Safe and Dr. Strangelove. The hotline continues to be in service, despite the Cold War being over.

http://jproc.ca/crypto/hotline_etcrrm.jpg
The Washington end of the Hotline is actually
at the Pentagon and not in the White House, contrary
to popular opinion. There is an identical station
located in Moscow, although the equipment has
been modernized at least once.

...in 1983, Lieutenant Colonel Guion S. Bluford, USAF, became the first African American in space aboard the shuttle Challenger. The mission launched an Indian communications satellite, tested the robotic arm, made contact with a rogue satillite and is considered the most flawless shuttle mission. (Ironically, Challenger would explode on launch just three years later.) Dr. Bluford retired from NASA and became the VP and general manager of an engineering firm in Ohio.

http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/portraits/bluford.jpg
Lt. Col. Guion S. Bluford, USAF Ret.

...in 1980, Willie Nelson hit the charts with a new release that was destined to become a classic. Called On The Road Again, it expresses the American spirt "...goin' places that I've never been, seein' things that I may never see again, and I can't wait to get on the road again." Nelson has been active in the industry since 1956 and has written hundreds of songs, including Patsy Cline's signature song, Crazy. He also is deeply involved in the brewing of bio-fuels ("Bio-Willie" is sold at truck stops) and numerous social causes.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/WillieNelson.jpg/220px-WillieNelson.jpg
Willie Nelson, Singer, Songwriter,
Activist and American Icon

...in -30, Cleopatra, queen of Egypt and famous lover of Julius Caesar and Mark Antony, took her own life after her forces were defeated by Octavian (later Caesar Augustus.) Cleopatra (born in 69 B.C.) and her brother were co-rulers of Egypt, under the formal title of husband and wife. Cleopatra became pregnant, and named her son Edward G. Robinson (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0021079/). Actually, I just wanted to see if you were paying attention, as his name was Caesarean, which means "Little Caesar." Through numerous civil wars, assassinations and intrigue that would pale any soap opera or Shakespearean tragedy (Anthony killed himself when he incorrectly thought Cleopatra was dead) Cleopatra finally took her own life at the age of 39 rather than be subject to Octavian. She packed an awful lot of life into her 39 years and makes for interesting reading.

http://www.sft.edu/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/cleopatra.jpg
Cleopatra seems to have resembled Elizabeth Taylor, and Anthony
looks a lot like Richard Burton. Of course, no one really knows what she
looked like, but Taylor did play her in the 1963 blockbuster movie
of the same name.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 13 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1997, Princess Diana passed away as a result of massive chest trauma suffered in an automobile accident in Paris. Lady Diana Spencer was born on July 1, 1961 in a home her parents rented from Queen Elizabeth. She began a storybook romance with Prince Charles in 1980, had a fairy tale wedding with him in 1981 and became an instant media darling. She had two children, Prince Harry and Prince William, but she did not live happily ever after as her marriage dissolved in 1996. She began a romance with Dodi Al Fayed, the son of the owner of Harrod's and the papparazzi were always in pursuit, one earning $3 million for a photo of Diana and Dodi kissing on his yacht. The papparazzi may, or may not, have had something to do with the cause of the automobile accident that took her life this day in 1997.

http://www.biography-and-biographies.com/Royalty/280px-Diana,_Princess_of_Wales.jpg
Lady Diana Spencer (1961 - 1997)

...in 1897, Thomas Edison patented his Kinetiscope, the first motion picture camera, using celluloid film that had been invented by George Eastman in 1889. His first film was shot in 1893, showing three of his workers acting as blacksmiths. Edison got out of the movie business in 1917.

http://i3.photobucket.com/albums/y90/hillaryk/Edison.jpg

...in 1899. a Stanley Steamer, driven by F.O. Stanley, reached the top of Mount Washington in New Hampshire, the first automobile to do so. In 1906, a Stanley would set the world record for the fastest mile at 127 mph. The steamers were doomed, though, for a powerful and fast as they were, they were impractical in that it took several minutes to raise up a head of steam enough to propel the car. They soon lost favor to gasoline powered vehicles and the Stanley Brothers sold the business in 1917. By 1924, "The Flying Teapot" ceased production.

http://www.amesburycity.com/images/amesbury355.jpg
The Stanley Twins in an
1898 Stanley Steamer

...in 1888, a serial killer in London, who became known as "Jack the Ripper" took his first victim, Mary Ann Nichols, a prostitute in London's east end. As famous as he became for murdering and mutilating prostitutes, he murdered only five victims, far fewer than he is remembered for. The London police lacked modern forensic devices that we take for granted today, and in 1892 the case of Jack the Ripper was closed, unsolved to this day.

...in 1957, the final episode of Kukla, Fran and Ollie aired on NBC. The popular children's show, featured Fran Allison with the puppets Kukla and Ollie (a dragon) had begun as a local Chicago television show that went to national distribution. The puppets were the work of Burr Tillstrom, the only puppeteer on the show, who attracted an adult audience for what was considered a kid's show. The Kuklapolitans are alive and well these days, and can be found on the Unofficial Kuklapolitan Website (http://kukla.tv/).

http://kukla.tv/1.jpg
Kukla, Burr Tillstrom, Fran and Ollie

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 33 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1972, Bobby Fisher became the first American to win the International Chess Tournament. He is considered to have been one of the most brilliant chess minds in the world. He won his first tournament at the age of 13. At 14, he started playing in eight US Chess Championships, winning all eight. He swept the international tournaments, beating Boris Spassky of the Soviet Union, considered to be a Cold War victory. He stopped playing tournament chess in 1975, coming out of retirement in 1992, when he won a rematch with Spassky in Yugoslavia. Since Yugoslavia was under strict embargo, he had a run-in with the US government and he never returned to his native country. He died in 2008 as a citizen of Iceland.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Bobby_Fischer_1960_in_Leipzig.jpg/240px-Bobby_Fischer_1960_in_Leipzig.jpg
Robert James "Bobby" Fischer
(1943 - 2008)

...in 1989, Congress passed legislation requiring that all new cars be equipped with air bags. Naturally, after being proven to save lives, the air bags came under fire when small children were inured by air bags. Air bags use a small exposive device to deploy and can accelerate at a speed of 200 mph, so now, children are required to sit in the back seat, away from the air bags.

http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/airbag1a.gif
A crash sensor determines is airbag deployment is necessary
and if so, fires a small explosive charge to launch the bag. It fills
quickly with nitrogen to absorb the impact of your body, then
quickly deflates to allow rescue.

...in 1894, the town of Hinckley, Minnesota was completely destroyed by a forest fire, killing 440 people in the area. The area had been thoroughly logged using a technique called "slashing" that left behind enormous amounts of wood debris. Lumber yards were set very close to rail lines, where sparks from passing locomotives could easily ignite dry tinder. Drought conditions in 1894 set the stage, and on Sept 1, fires broke out near the rail lines and spread north. 350 people climbed aboard a train that had to pass through the fire but made it safely to West Superior, Wisconsin. Many residents made for the swamps, many perished by drowning. Others dived into a gravel pit that had filled with water to survive. 300,000 acres of woodlands burned with the town. 228 people died in Hinckley, at least 212 died in the surrounding area, including 23 Ojibwa. (Watch this space for October 8, when you will read about the worst fire disaster in recorded history, and it didn't happen in Chicago.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/64/Pf040256.jpg/300px-Pf040256.jpg
Hinckley, after the fire.

...in 1959, Elizabeth Taylor signed with 20th Century Fox to make the blockbuster, Cleopatra. (You learned about her a few days ago.) Taylor signed for the unheard of sum of $1 million to play the role. She made her first film in 1942, There's One Born Every Minute at the age of 10, she made history with Mickey Rooney in National Velvet and successfully made the jump from child actress to adult siren in films like Father of the Bride and A Place In The Sun. Taylor was born - pay attention to this - in England, of American parents. She is a subject of England, and along with Julie Andrews, was granted the title of Dame, by Queen Elizabeth II on New Year's Eve, 1999.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/Annex-TaylorElizabethNationalVelvet.jpg http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/Annex-TaylorElizabethCleopatra_13.jpg
The film National Velvet, launched her career, Cleopatra with Richard Burton, made her into an icon.

...in 1985, the wreck of the Titanic was found in it's resting place, about 400 miles east of Newfoundland. This all happened about a decade after Clive Cussler's Raise The Titanic! made the best seller lists. The ship was found by a joint venture of the French and United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Titanic-bow_seen_from_MIR_I_submersible.jpeg/140px-Titanic-bow_seen_from_MIR_I_submersible.jpeg
The bow of the Titanic.

...in 1864, Confederate General John Bell Hood evacuated Atlanta, as General William Tecumseh Sherman and the Union Army was about to cap a four month march to capture the Rebel's most vital supply center. Hood's army set fire to the Confederate munitions dumps to prevent the Union army from utilizing it. Sherman continued to hold the city against Hood's attacks until November, when Sherman began his infamous march to the sea. Sherman's orders were to burn anything that would be of value to the Confederate army, such as munitions makers, clothing mills and railway yards. The fire raged out of control and soon Atlanta was consumed by the fire. On the march to the sea, anything that would be of value to the Confederates was also destroyed. The war came to an end just a few months later.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/General_sherman.jpg/200px-General_sherman.jpg
General Sherman, ca. 1864
Photo by Matthew Brady

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 42 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1969, the first modern ATM in the United States went online in the United States at Chemical Bank in Rockville Center, New York. It was only capable of doling out cash, it took until 1971 for the next generation of ATM to be able to be an automated teller. At the time, bankers were less than enthusiastic about the machines, since the operation cost per year was about $8,000 more than a human teller. Of course, that is no longer true as the cost of machines has plummeted (as all high tech devices do) and today, they are everywhere including convenience stores, casinos and cruise ships. It is estimated that about 1.25 million ATMs are online with another going online every five minutes. Once bankers discovered they could charge fees for ATM use, they became even more popular with banks. Enterprising crooks found ways to beat the machines, from the crude muggings as people walked away from ATM's to high-tech thievery with phoney machines or a little card reader attached to a legitimate ATM that steals card numbers. It is estimated that more than 170 million Americans over 18 have an ATM card and use it eight times a month. (The first ATM was actually conceived in 1936 and was placed in 1939 as a cash-dispensing machine. It was not at all popular and was removed from service.)

http://qualityjunkyard.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/worlds-first-atm-and-first-transaction-at-barclays-bank-1.jpg
The first ATM is generally accepted as
going online at Barkley's Bank in 1967.

...in 1666, in the wee hours, a fire broke out in the bake shop of Thomas Farriner, on Pudding Lane in London, England. ("Pudding" was a mideaval term for entrails. Pudding was hauled from butcher shops to garbage barges on the Thames River, along this lane.) The fire quickly spread to the warehouses on Thames Street and soon London was a raging inferno. Officials tore down buildings attempting to create fire breaks but to no avail. Light from the fire could be seen 30 miles away. By September 5, the fire began to slow and on September 6, it was under control. Flames burst forth again on September 7 in the legal district but when the flames reached stores of gunpowder, the resulting explosions extinguished the flames. When it was over, 13,000 houses, hundreds of public building and at least 90 churches, including St. Paul's Cathedral, were destroyed. 100,000 people were left homeless but miraculously, only 16 people died. Many people had died in the plague of 1665, and the fire had the side benefit of purging London of the plague and it evolved as a new city.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Great_Fire_London.jpg/350px-Great_Fire_London.jpg
An anonymous painting of the
Great Fire of London.

In 1986, members of the Worshipful Company of Bakers gathered on Pudding Lane and unveiled a plaque that acknowledged that Thomas Farriner caused the great fire of 1666. The bakers apologized for the fire being started by one of their own. (The guild enforced rules, including proper weight of bread loaves. In order to assure a customer of receiving the proper weights, an additional loaf would be added to an order, giving rise to the phrase, "Baker's Dozen.") Speaking of fires...

...in 1923, fires raged out of control in Tokyo in the aftermath of a massive earthquake. Over 143,000 people died in the disaster that is known both as the Great Kwanto Earthquake and the Great Tokyo Fire. The fire, caused by the earthquake, caused more deaths than the earthquake, similar to the circumstances that destroyed San Francisco, California in 1906. There were so many aftershocks and so many fires that conditions were perfect to create a firestorm. (A firestorm includes fire tornadoes, caused by the tremendous amounts of oxygen sucked into the fires, that create windstorms of fire.) As in San Francisco, fighting the fires was an exercise in futility as water mains had been broken in the earthquake. Thousands were saved when a cruise ship took them out to sea. The Imperial University Library lost some of the world's rarest and oldest books. Frank Lloyd Wright had designed The Imperial Hotel to survive earthquakes - it survived even though it sank two feet below grade. About 60% of Tokyo was destroyed, about 80% of Yokohama was destroyed. Some Japanese blamed Korean scapegoats for the fires and murdered hundreds of innocent Koreans following the disaster.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Desolution_of_Nihonbashi_and_Kanda_after_Kanto_Ear thquake.jpg/600px-Desolution_of_Nihonbashi_and_Kanda_after_Kanto_Ear thquake.jpg
The destruction of Nihonbashi and Kanda as seen from Kyobashi.

...in 1959, after Robert McNamara killed the Edsel, he promoted development of a compact car called the Falcon. It was introduced on this date in the first nationwide closed-circuit televised news conference. The Falcon took the market by storm and was the basis of a pickup truck (Ranchero) convertibles, station wagons and sedans. A television campaign featuring Charles Schulz's Peanuts characters proclaimed the Falcon as America's Economy Champ. A few years later, the Falcon platform was the basis of the Mustang, another car that caught the market unaware and spawned a new category, the Pony Car. McNamara would leave Ford to become President Kennedy's Secretary of Defense, causing many to wonder who got the better end of that deal - history tells us that it was probably Ford Motor Company.

http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/1960-1965-ford-falcon-1960.jpg
The 1960 Ford Falcon

A special commercial spot, featuring Peanuts and a dancing Snoopy, was aired to introduce the 1961 version of the Falcon. You can see it here on YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u43ExlkXmQs). (It's worth it just to see Linus, Pigpen and Snoopy. You might recognize the voiceover as that of Paul Frees, one of the most prolific voice actors in the business. He was numerous voices for Disney (like Ludwig von Drake) and the Ghost Host in the Haunted Mansion. also the voice of Boris Badenov from Rocky.)

...in 1944, Lt. j.g. George Herbert Walker Bush was flying a TBM Avenger Torpedo Bomber in support of Marines who were invading Iwo Jima, when his plane was hit by enemy fire. A son of a Senator, used to wealth and privilege, Lt. Bush did not shirk his responsibilities and enlisted in the Navy at the age of 18. He was the youngest pilot in the Navy. Lt. Bush had the task of censoring mail from the enlisted men under his command, to which he said, "I learned about the diversity of our great country."

http://www.military.com/pics/MLbush.jpg
Lt. j.g. George Herbert Walker Bush in his TBM Avenger.
(From the George H.W. Bush Presidential Library.)

His mission on September 2 was to neutralize a Japanese radio station on nearby Chi Chi Jima. His plane was hit by enemy fire and he ordered his two crewmen to bail out - Radioman 2nd Class John Delany died when his chute did not open. Substitute gunner Lt. j.g. William White also perished. Lt. Bush continued his run and scored several hits on his target before crashing into the Pacific Ocean. "We were trained to complete our runs no matter what the obstacle," he later said. Lt. Bush was picked up by a submarine and was assigned another aircraft. He flew 58 missions in the Pacific Theater and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. Many years later, President George H.W. Bush would say his combat experience "...broadened my horizons..." and made a real impact on his Presidency. President Bush was later asked about the Chi Chi Jima incident by James Bradley while he was researching his second book, Flyboys. (James is the son of John Bradley, one of the six who raised the flag on Mount Surabachi on Iwo Jima.) Mr. Bradley asked President Bush if he ever thought about his two crewmen, John Delany and William White. "Every day," was his simple reply.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

(By the way, if you haven't read them, I highly recommend James Bradley's books, Flags of Our Fathers and Flyboys. If you've seen Clint Eastwood's movie version of Flags of Our Fathers but not read the book, you really need to read the book and see what was left out of the movie - and why it had to be left out. I can tell you that I understand far more about my own father now, after reading his books. They are an incredibly important historical lesson for all Americans.)

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 40 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1783, the American Revolution officially came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. Representatives from France, Great Britain, Spain, and the new country of The United States of America met to sign the treaty, in which Great Britain formally recognized the indepent nation status of the former colonies. The boundaries of the new country were agreed upon in the treaty, Florida on the south, north to the Great Lakes, and the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River. During negotiations, Benamin Franklin demanded that Great Britiain cede Canada to the United States, a proposal that (obviously) never came to pass. Fishing rights were determined, however, and after the details were ironed out, the treaty was signed by all nations and ratified by the Continental Congress on January 14, 1884.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Treaty_of_Paris_by_Benjamin_West_1783.jpg/300px-Treaty_of_Paris_by_Benjamin_West_1783.jpg
Benjamin Ward painted the delegations to the
Treaty of Paris, but the British delegation refused to
pose, so the painting was never completed. The
Americans were John Jay, John Adams, Benjamin
Franklin, Henry Laurens and William Temple Franklin.

...in 1777, the Stars and Stripes (reportedly) flew for the first time, over a battle between General William Maxwell's troops against a force of Hessian mercenaries and British regulars. The rebels were chased back to General Washingon's main force at Brandywine Creek in Pennsylvania. The Continental Congress had defined a new flag of 13 red and white stripes with thirteen stars on a blue field, representing a new constilation. Legend says Betsy Ross designed and sewed the new flag but there is little evidence to support or disprove the story. On June 14, 1877, the first Flag Day was observed in Ozaukee County, Wisconsin to observe the 100th anniversary of the flag, but it was not until 1949 that Congress got around to making June 14 the official day of observation. (There is some disagreement between historians about the dates that the American flag first flew.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Betsy_Ross_sewing.jpg/180px-Betsy_Ross_sewing.jpg
Did Betsy Ross really sew the
first American flag? There is some
controversy over that, too.

...in 1935, British speed demon, Sir Malcolm Campbell, broke his own land speed record at Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah, in his 2,500 hp Bluebird. He had set the record of 133.788 mph earlier in 1935 but on September 3, he became the first person to exceed 300 mph, setting the mark at 301.129 mph. He retired from land speed record racing but went into water speed racing, and set a mark that he held to his death at the age of 63 in 1948. The land speed record today, set at Bonneville, is 763.035 mph set by Andy Green, another Bristish subject. (The land speed record is for self propelled, four wheel vehicles on earth, not steel rails nor frozen lakes.)

http://www.bluebird-electric.net/bluebird_images/bluebird_and_campbell_pose.jpg
Malcolm Campbell and the Bluebird.

...in 1954, the last new radio episode of The Lone Ranger aired on the ABC Radio network. The series had moved to television and there just wasn't any demand for the radio version of the program. One trivial fact that is relatively forgotten is that The Lone Ranger spawned a spin-off series. The Lone Ranger's nephew, Britt Reid, led a double life and with his sidekick, Kato, the Green Hornet fought crime in the 20th Century as his uncle had in the 19th Century. The series originated on WXYZ radio in Detroit, on January 30, 1933. It was the brainchild of George W. Trendle and Frank Striker and the only outstanding mystery is the meaning of the term, Kemosabe. Snooping investigators found that there used to be a summer camp in Michigan named Camp Ke-Mo-Sa-Be. You be the judge.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/ce/Moore-LoneRanger.jpg
Clayton Moore is the best
remembeered of all the actors
who played the Masked Man. Once
he played the part, he was forever
typecast and did little other work.

...in 1900, inventor Charles Wisner drove his home-built automobile in the Flint, Michigan Labor Day Parade. It was the first of millions of automobiles that would be built in Flint, second only to Detroit in auto production those early, heady days of the automobile industry. David Buick began building cars there in 1903, the Fisher Brothers built automobile bodies and in 1908, William Crapo Durant's General Motors consolodated the Flint automotive industries. (At one time, the Buick plant in Flint was the second largest industrial complex in the world, second only to Henry Ford's Ruver Rouge Plant in Dearborn, Michigan.) Today, with plants closing, Flint has fallen on hard times.

That's it. That's all we know as of 1:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 50 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1891, the designer of the German Autobahn was born in Pforzhwim, Germany. Fritz Todt's design became the model for the modern superhighway. Shortly after President Franklin Roosevelt learned of the Autobahn, he went to Thomas "The Chief" MacDonald, the director of the Federal Bureau of Roads, and asked him to sketch out a similar superhighway plan for America. After some consideration, MacDonald laid out a grid of superhighways that isn't really much different than the final Interstate Highway System. The first section of the superhighway system was the Pennsylvania Turnpike, opened in 1938. The highway plan went on hold because of WWII. Meanwhile, General Eisenhower was impressed with the Autobahn and how the Wermacht was able to use it to move men and matériel very quickly. President Eisenhower convinced Senator Al Gore of Tennessee to propose the Interstate Highway System in 1955, and the modern American highway system was born. As respected as the American system is around the world, it all was the idea of Fritz Todt, born this day in 1891.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1969-146-01%2C_Fritz_Todt.jpg/180px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1969-146-01%2C_Fritz_Todt.jpg
Fritz Todt, father of the
modern superhighway. He
was high up in the Wermacht,
even having the ear of
Der Fuhrer, but was becoming
disillusioned with the war and said so
to his leader. Shortly afterwards, his
plane expoded on takeoff. Was it an
assassination? No one knows.

...in 1997, the last Thunderbird rolled off the assembly line in Lorain, Ohio. One Ford dealer held a funeral for the car, complete with flowers and an RIP plaque. The popular marque had thirteen generations of design from the popular 2-seat "personal luxury car" to the bulbous box that shared bodywork with the Lincoln Mark, to the Bird in the Box of the early 1980's and ending full-circle in another 2 seat personal luxury car.

http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~smokymtnman/ford/lasttbird1.jpg
The Last Thunderbird was sold in Bangor, Maine.
It has an inscription over the glove box, identifying it
as the last Thunderbird ever built.

...in 1780, Lt. Colonel Francis Marion's guerrilla militia won a decisive victory over British loyalists and won new recruits and a new name. The diminutive Marion (he was only 5' tall) was known as "The Swamp Fox" for his cunning ability to appear out of nowhere, attack, and disappear into the South Carolina swamps. His tactics were the model for 18th Century guerrilla fighting. Marion was the inspiration for Mel Gibson's character in The Patriot but his fame was spread in the 1960's in a mini-series that ran on Walt Disney's television show, starring Leslie Nielson as the patriotic hero.

http://www.tvacres.com/images/west2_swamp_fox_gun2.jpg
Leslie Nielson played the elusive
Swamp Fox in the Disney anthology of
the same name. The series was based on
the book Swamp Fox by Robert Bass.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/FrancisMarionSwampFox.jpg/150px-FrancisMarionSwampFox.jpg
The REAL Francis Marion
He is also mentioned in the
lineage of the US Army Rangers.

...in 1971, the last network episode of The Lawrence Welk Show aired on NBC. It continued as a syndicated show until 1982, but lives on and on and on and on thanks to PBS. Welk was born in 1903 in Strasburg, North Dakota, growing up speaking German. He was always embarrassed by his heavily accented English, his second language although he was an American. He learned to play the accordian and was soon playing weddings and on radio performances. He worte his theme song, Bubbles In The Wine in 1939, which became a hit along with 20 other songs her wrote. The Lawrence Welk Show started as a Los Angeles local show in 1955 that was quickly picked up by ABC. Ridiculed by critics for its sappy cornyness, it became a hit, as did his instrumental called Calcutta that hit the top of the charts in 1961. He died at the age on 89 in 1992, but his legacy lives on in live shows at the Lawrence Welk Theatre in Branson, MO and on PBS.

http://www.welknotes.com/images/WelkSmall.jpg
T'ank you, a Myron.

...in 1940, near Iceland, the USS Greer became the first American ship to be fired upon in WWII. America was still a neutral bystander, and the torpedo attack by the German submarine, U-562 only served to add to the tension already stretching between the two nations. It is believed that the attack was a mistake. A British bomber, on a submarine hunting mission, spotted the U-562 and reported its position to the Greer that began to track the U-boat. A British aircraft dropped a depth charge and the captain of the U-boat may have believed it came from the Greer. Several torpedoes were fired at the Greer but missed and the ship made it safely to Iceland. In response, President Roosevelt served notice to the rest of the world that further attacks on American ships would bear the consequences. "If German or Italian vessels of war enter these waters, they do so at their own peril."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/USS_Greer%3B0514502.jpg/300px-USS_Greer%3B0514502.jpg
The 1919 destroyer, Greer had the distinction of being the first American
vessel to be fired upon, and to return fire, in WWII. The U-boat was underwater for
over three hours, missed the Greer with two torpedoes and
survived 13 depth charges from the American ship.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 32 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1972, the world watched in horror as reports came from the Summer Olympics in Munich, after Palestinian terrorists stormed the Olympic Village apartment of Israeli athletes, killing two and kidnapping nine others. In a final shootout, the nine athletes were shot and killed, along with the terrorists. The terrorist claimed to be from a group called Black September Assassins. The citizens of Germany had hoped the Munich Olympics would be a celebration of peace to make up for the 1936 Olympics that Adolph Hitler used as an opportunity to propogandize his Aryan race. International Olympic Committee Chairman Avery Brundage ordered that the games continue to prove that the terrorists had not won. There were moments of truly spectacular athletic achievement at the games, including Mark Spitz's seven gold medals and Olga Korbut's victories. In the wake of the tragic events, Israeli Prime Minister, Golda Meir sent Mossad agents to track down and kill the remaining Black September assassins. Steven Spielberg made a movie, Munich about the events in 2005. The story is a sobering reminder that terrorism is alive and well, and has been a spectre over all of us for some time.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f2/1972_Israeli_Olympic_team.jpg
The 1972 Israeli Olympic Team, just before leaving for Munich. The red numbers indicate
the members of the team who died at the hands of the terrorists. They are
1) wrestling referee Yossef Gutfreund (inset), age 40; 2) wrestling coach Moshe Weinberg, 33;
3) weightlifter Yossef Romano, 31; 4) weightlifter David Berger, 28; 5) weightlifter Ze'ev Friedman, 28;
6) wrestler Eliezer Halfin, 24; 7) track coach Amitzur Shapira, 40; 8) shooting coach Kehat Shorr, 53;
9) wrestler Mark Slavin, 18; 10) fencing coach Andre Spitzer, 27; and 11) weightlifting judge Yakov Springer, 51.

...in 1774, the first Continental Congress convened in Carpenter's Hall in Philadelphia, in response to the Bristish Parliament enacting the Coercive Acts. Fixty six delegates from all the colonies, except Georgia, drafted the declaration of rights and grievances. In 1773, Parliament had passed the Tea Act, that granted a monopoly on tea in the colonies. In Boston, Partriots, dressed as Indians, dumped British tea into Boston Harbor in the Boston Tea Party. The value of the tea, about £18,000 resulted in the Coercive Acts, better known in the colonies as The Intolerable Acts. The acts closed the Boston Harbor to trade, set military rule in Massachusetts, gave British officials immunity from prosecution and required colonists to quarter British troops.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Congress_voting_independence.jpg/175px-Congress_voting_independence.jpg


...in 1930, Charles Creighton and James Hargis completed a round-trip automobile journey across the United States when they arrived in New York City from Los Angeles. By 1930, cross county automobile trips were more than common, in fact, the event would not have been newsworthy except that these two guys drove the entire 7,180 mile trip in reverse! They drove a 1929 Model A Ford, and their secret was that the Model A rear axle can be put together backwards, giving a car three speeds in reverse and one forward. (Don't ask me how I know this, I just do, okay?)

http://farm1.static.flickr.com/196/441606638_b34b058c9c.jpg
Creighton and Hargis drove a
1929 Ford Roadster, like this one.

...in 1975, Lynette "Squaky" Fromme, a disciple of Charles Manson, was arrested in Sacramento when she brandished a .45 automatic near President Gerald Ford. Just 17 days later, President Ford again escaped an assissination attempt when Sara Jane Moore fired a revolver at him. Moore was a leftist radical that had been an informant for the FBI. She was arrested, tried and sentenced to life in prison. Squeaky Fromme was also sentenced to life and incarcerated at a federal compound in Alderson, West Virgina. When she heard that Manson had cancer, she escaped and was at large for five days, when she was recaptured two miles from the prison. Today, she is incarcerated at a federal facility in Carswell, Texas. (As of this writing, she was due to be released on August 16, 2009.)

http://www.geocities.com/proprioter/z_squeaky.jpg

...in 1962, a fragment of Sputnik IV landed in the middle of North 8th Street in Manitowoc, Wisconsin. In 1960, the Russians launched Sputnik IV from Balkanur, USSR with a "dummy" Cosmonaut. Upon completion of the mission, ground control began the procedure to fire retro rockets to return the satellite to earth, but the trajectory was incorrect and Sputnik IV went into an elliptical orbit. Control was not re-established and Sputnik IV was lost, however, it kept transmitting telemetry data until September, 1962, when the orbit deteriorated and it fell to earth. Most of it burned up, but a portion of it lodged in the middle of 8th Street, almost on the center line. Another portion was found on a church roof, but an exhaustive search failed to find any other parts of Sputnik IV.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Spuntik_IV_impact_marker_Manitowoc_02.JPG/800px-Spuntik_IV_impact_marker_Manitowoc_02.JPG
Officers Ronald Rusboldt and Marvin Bauch found the
piece of Sputnik IV about 4:30 AM at this spot
on 8th and Park Street where the debris was found.
Replicas of the debris were made by NASA
prior to returning the piece to the Russians. The
pieces were given to the City of Manitowoc and
are on display at the Rahr Museum.

...in 1955, Boris Pasternak's classic novel, Dr. Zhivago was published in the United States. Boris Pasternak was born in Russia in 1890 and lived through the tumultuous days that led up to and followed the Russian revolution. He was alread a well-known poet before the glorious revolution, but afterwards, he was limited to eeking out a living as a translator. Stalinist, and later Communist, policies put strict censorship rules on artists and Pasternak was no exception. When he finished Dr. Zhivago, it was banned from publication but fans of Pasternak smuggled the manuscript out of the Soviet Union piece by piece. It began to appear in several languages but when it hit the United States, it was labeled and instant classic and Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1958. Nikita Khrushchev was especially enraged with Pasternak and refused to let him out of the country to accept the award. Krushchev also banned him from the Writers Union, ending his career. Pasternak died in May 1960, but Dr. Zhivago lived on in the the form an Omar Sherif movie in 1965, and under Mikhail Gorbev's Glasnost, Pasternak was restored to the writers union and Dr. Zhivago was finally published in Russia.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a0/Doctor_Zhivago-1st_edition.jpg
First Edition of Dr. Zhivago.

http://www.cinematographers.nl/GreatDoPh/Films/DrZhivago2.jpg
The Ice Palace is one of the lasting images of the movie,
along with Maurice Jarre's haunting Lara's Theme that
also served as the movie's main theme song. Maurice Jarre won
the Oscar for best score.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 32 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1915, an armored vehicle nicknamed "Little Wille" was built in England. It was a prototype of a "land boat," but the design had a ways to go. It got stuck in ditches and crawled over the terrain at a whopping two miles per hour, but once the kinks were worked out, the armored tank would transform the battlefield forever. The idea of a "land boat" that could break through enemy lines was pursed in secret. If anyone working on the project was asked about their work, they simply replied they were building a vehicle to carry water on the battlefield. The new vehicles were shipped in crates labeled "TANK"" and the name stuck.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Little_Willie.jpg/300px-Little_Willie.jpg
This is all one of the fleet built but it
was the prototype for many like it.

...in 1941, German authorities ordered that all Jewish people in German controlled areas were to wear a yellow Star of David on their clothing to identify them. The badge was revived from the Middel Ages, when Jews were identified by wearing a required yellow patch. The practice of branding Christians and Jews began in medieval Baghdad and was considered highly degrading. Prior to Nazi branding, the symbol was usually a circle sewn onto clothing. The Nazis made it into the star shape.(Muslim and Jewish law prohibits marking of skin, so the practice of branding Jews with a tatoo serial number in concentration camps was particularly degrading.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Judenstern_JMW.jpg/100px-Judenstern_JMW.jpg

...in 1901, President William McKinley was shaking hands at the Pan-American Exhibition in Buffalo, New York. He was approached by Leon Czolgosz, an anarchist armed with pistol. He fired two shots into President McKinley's chest and was unable to fire a third because bodyguards wrestled him to the ground. McKinley died on September 12 when Theordore Roosevelt was sworn in. Czolgosz was a Polish immigrant who had gravitated to socialist and anarchist causes. He claimed the President was the head of a corrupt govenrment. He was tried and sentenced to die in the electric chair. There is a report that Thomas Edison filmed the execution.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/McKinleyAssassination.jpg/260px-McKinleyAssassination.jpg
Drawing by T. Dart Walker (1869 - 1914)

...in 1978, a Soviet Air Force pilot landed his state-of-the art MIG in Japan and asked for asylum in the United States. The incident was an embarassment to the Soviet Union, but also gave the United States a chance to see that the much-feared MIG-25 was actually inferior to anything flying in the United States military. Lt. Viktor Belenko was flown to the United States and granted asylum.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Russian_Air_Force_MiG-25.jpg/300px-Russian_Air_Force_MiG-25.jpg
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25

...in 1995, Cal Ripkin, Jr. played in his 2,131st consecutive game, breaking Lou Gehrig's record. He wound up playing in 2,632 consecutive games when his streak ended on September 19, 1998.

http://www.koenig-lupe.de/PICS/bb_physics2.gif

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 51 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1813, Uncle Sam became the symbol of the United States. Samual Wilson, a meat packer from Troy, New York, stamped beef deliverd to the army with the letters, U.S. for "United States" but the soldiers soon started to refer to the meat as "Uncle Sam's." It stuck. Cartoonist, Thomas Nast, created a caricature of the bearded man with the white beard. (Nast also created the modern image of Santa Claus, as well as the elephant for the Republican party and the donkey for the Democrat party. The most famous characterization of Uncle Sam is the iconic figure created by James Montgomery Flagg. His image of Uncle Sam became the famous "I want YOU for the U.S. Army" poster.

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/images/tlc0090.jpg

...in 1963, the Professional Football Hall of Fame opened in Canton, Ohio.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Hall_Fame_Air.JPG/180px-Hall_Fame_Air.JPG
Pro Football HOF, photo by Paul Walsh.
Fawcett Stadium, its official name, is home
for two Canton high school teams and two
colleges. The stadium is also home to
OSHSAA championship games and the
annual Hall of Fame Game that launches
the NFL pre-season each year.

...in 1876, a bold daytime attempt at a bank robbery was made by the James-Younger gang in Northfield, Minnesota. The gang was an outgrowth of the bushwhacking army known as Quantrill's Raiders that operated in Missouri during the Civil War. The gang went to the twin cities and scouted the area, deciding that the Northfield Bank looked like a good target. It wasn't. A bank clerk recognized the famous Jesse James and tried to escape out the back of the bank. He took a shot in the shoulder, but did escape to sound the alarm. The bank was surrounded by angry townspeople who began to pour gunfire into the bank. Clett Miller was killed, Bill Chadwell was mortally wounded, Frank James took a bullet in the leg, the Younger brothers were all wounded but survived. Jesse was the last one to leave the bank but before he rode out of town, he shot the bank cashier, Joseph Lee, in the head for refusing to unlock the safe. Frank and Jesse rode in separate directions and met in Nashville, Tennessee to begin to reform the gang but the botched robbery was the end of the James-Younger gang. Northville celebrates Defeat of Jesse James Days each year. (There is a theory that Cole Younger wanted to go to Northfield because he thought that bank was owned, in part, by Benjamin Butler. Butler was a much-hated Union General from his occupation of New Orleans during the Civil War, to extract some revenge. Butler was from Massachusetts and there is nothing linking him to the bank in Northfield.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Jesse_and_Frank_James.gif
Jesse and Frank James ca. 1872

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/ColeMugshot.jpg/180px-ColeMugshot.jpg
Cole Younger after his arrest
in 1876. He was wounded just
before this photo was taken.

...in 1940, the first bombing of London occurred, the first of 57 consecutive nights of bombing by the Luftwaffe. The 'blitzkreig" (lightning war) was the German strategy, intended to overwhelm the British air force and soften up Britain for an invasion. Hitler, in his typical continuing arrogance, failed to recognize the will of the British people. When it was over, just a handful of British pilots met the Luftwaffe and drove them back. Winston Churchill said about the heroic effort, "Never had so many owed so much to so few."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/NA-306-NT-3163V.jpg/200px-NA-306-NT-3163V.jpg
Children, waiting, outside the remains of
what had been their home, September, 1940.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 31 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1974, President Gerald R. Ford pardoned his predecessor, the disgraced Richard M. Nixon who had resigned the Presidency on August 9. President Ford was the first President to come into the office by not being elected. He had been appointed to replace Vice President Spiro Agnew, who resigned over income tax and political intrigue. President Ford said it was time to put the nightmare behind and move on. He came under fire at the time, from Democrats who smelled blood but in 2001, the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation presented the Profile in Courage Award to Gerald Ford. The Foundation said he placed love of his country ahead of his own political future and brought closure to the Watergate nightmare. President Ford retired from politics after being defeated by Jimmy Carter in 1976. He died on December 26, 2006, at the age of 93.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Gerald_Ford.jpg/225px-Gerald_Ford.jpg
Gerald Rudolph Ford (1913-2006)
38th President of the United States

...in 1664, the governor of the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam, Peter Stuyvesant, surrendered to an English naval squadron. The commander who accepted the surrender promptly renamed the colony New York in honor of the Duke of York, who had ordered the expedition. It's just as well, can you hear Frank Sinatra singing "New Amsterdam, New Amsterdam?" The colony had been settled by Peter Minuit, who purchased the land from the Manhattan tribe, for about $24 in trinkits. The Manhattan did not understand the concept of European contracts, and armed conflict resulted. (You never hear that part of the legend, do you?) A barracade was built to keep the Indians out of the settlement, and the location of that wall is today called "Wall Street."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Castelloplan.jpg/400px-Castelloplan.jpg
New Amsterdam 1660
Image courtesy of New York Historical Society

...in 1953, the first transcontinental express bus service was offered by Continental Trailways. The 3,154 mile trip from New York City to San Francisco (via the Lincoln Highway) took 89 hours, including 12 hours of break and rest time. It's hard to believe it took someone as late as 1953 to offer the service. The fare? $56.70. The fare today? $237.00 for a trip that will take 66 hours and 45 minutes. (Interstate 80 is considerably faster than the 1953 version of the Lincoln Highway.)

http://www.classicbusdepot.com/images/uploads/vifmw-4104-4151-3751.jpg
Would you like to spend 89 hours in one of these?
Me, either, but a lot of people did.

...in 1926, Gretta Garbo didn't show up to the wedding for her marriage to John Gilbert. I suppose she vanted to be alone.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Greta_Garbo02_crop.jpg/150px-Greta_Garbo02_crop.jpg
Greta Garbo while filming
Die Freudiose Gasse in 1925.

...in 1966, Gene Roddenberry somehow convinced NBC to buy a science fiction television series that he sold as "Wagon Train to the stars," and Star Trek premiered on this day. The USS Enterprise began its "...five year mission to explore new worlds..." but the mission only lasted three years. Just like Congress cutting funding to NASA's project Apollo, NBC cut funding to the Enterprise by cancelling the show. It lives on in syndication, although now over 40, the series is a little long in the tooth. Today's fans are spoiled by computer graphics and not as tolerant of styrofoam rocks and ship bulkheads that sway when struck. Still, the franchise spun off several series, Next Generation, Deep Space Nine, Voyager and Enterprise, not to mention several movies. The late Gene Roddenberry's wife, Majel Barrett, was Nurse Chapel in the original series, played the part of Deanna Troy's mother in Next Generation and provided the Federation computer voice in all the spin-off series, movies and video games.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/31/STInBeauty.jpg
"Space: the final frontier. These are the voyages of
the starship Enterprise. Its five-year mission: to
explore strange new worlds, to seek out new life
and new civilizations; to boldly go where no man
has gone before."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 53 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1909, Edward Harriman, the financier and railroad tycoon, passed away. The controversial financial expert worked his way up from being a broker's clerk to having his own seat on the New York Stock Exchange. As part of a consortium of investors, he bought the Union Pacific Railroad Company, which was struggling at the time. By the time Harriman died, he had laid 60,000 miles of track. Most modern folks would never have heard of him, except that he was a funny line in the classic film, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. Butch and Sundance are robbing Woodcock's train for the second time, when he says, "Butch, you know that if it were my money, there is nobody that I would rather have steal it than you. But, you see, I am still in the employment of E. H. Harriman, of the Union Pacific Railroad." The financial history of the UPRR is filled with questionable dealings, from the Ames Brothers to Mr. Harriman himself, far more than we have space to discuss. It makes for interesting reading, though, and today, the Union Pacific is the largest railroad in the United States. (His son, Averell Harriman, was a lifelong politician, 48th governor of New York, ambassador to the Soviet Union and Great Britain, and he was the Secretary of State under President Truman.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Edward_Henry_Harriman_1899.jpg/225px-Edward_Henry_Harriman_1899.jpg
Edward H. Harriman (1848-1909)

...in 1942, the Japanese bombed the US mainland. Yes, you read that right. Nobuo Fujita launched a light aircraft from a submarine off the coast of Oregon and flew it over Mount Emily. He dropped a firebomb from his plane, east of Brookings, Oregon and ignited a forest fire that did little damage. President Roosevelt called for a news blackout (would that happen today?) to prevent a hit on public morale. Fujita returned to Japan to train pilots for the duration. (The Japanese also tried bombing the west coast by floating bombs by balloon over the Pacific Ocean, also with little success.) Fujita returned to Brookings in 1962, after the Japanese government was assured he would not be arrested and tried as a war criminal. He gave the city his family's 400 year old Samuri sword in friendship. Fujita was so overwhelmed with the welcome he received that he invited three Brookings students to Japan. He returned to Brookings in 1990 and 1993, and in 1995, he returned and planted a tree at the site of his fire-bombing as a gesture of peace. He died on September 27, 1997 at 85, an honorary citizen of Brookings. His daughter buried some of his ashes at the bomb site.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Fujita%26Glen.jpg
Nobuo Fujita and his float plane. He often
launched from the submarine I-25 on recon
missions and his bombing run over Oregon.

...in 1976, Chairman Mao Zedong died in Beijing. He was the founder of the People's Republic of China after defeating General Chiang Kai-Shek in a protracted civil war. Chiang Kai-Shek settled China on the island of Taiwan while Mao began a "cultural revolution" to purge China of Chinese customs and traditions, begin to preach Mao's teachings and purge the party of Mao's enemies. He is considered, by some, to be one of the most influential people of the 20th Century.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Nixon_Mao_1972-02-29.png/180px-Nixon_Mao_1972-02-29.png
Mao Zedong and President Richard Nixon in
Beijing, 1972. Chairman Mao made Time Magazine's
list of Top 100 most influential men of the
20th Century, and made the cover three times.

...in 1893, Frances Folsom Cleveland gave birth to a Esther in the White House. She was not the first baby born in the White House, but the first birth to a President. Cleveland had married Frances Folsom in a White House ceremony in 1886. Cleveland lost his 1888 re-election bid, and the newlyweds lived in New York, where Ruth Cleveland was born, launching a popular, but untrue, urban legend that she was the namesake of the Baby Ruth candy bar. Grover Cleveland won the Presidential election in 1892, the first unseated President to return to the White House, setting the stage for the first Presidential birth in the White House.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Esther_Cleveland_%28LOC%29.jpg/200px-Esther_Cleveland_%28LOC%29.jpg
Esther Cleveland (1893 - 1980)
Her sister, "Baby" Ruth Cleveland,
was born in 1891 but died in 1904
from diphtheria. The Baby Ruth
candy bar was not released until
1921 and was not named for her.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 41 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1897, George Smith, a 25 year old taxi driver in London, had the dubious honor of becoming the very first person to be arrested for drunk driving. He collided with a building and was fined 25 shillings. Representatives of MADD were unavailable for comment.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Don%27t_Mix_%27Em_1937.jpg/180px-Don%27t_Mix_%27Em_1937.jpg
1937 safety poster

...in 1813, commanding a fleet of nine ships, Captain Oliver Hazard Perry took on a British squadron of six ships in Lake Erie during the War of 1812. When Perry's flagship was rendered useless, he moved to the Niagra and continued the battle. When it was over, the victorious Perry sent his famous message to U.S. General William Henry Harrison, "We have met the enemy, and they are ours." The loss forced the British to abandon Detroit, allowing American control over the Great Lakes area.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c0/Operry.jpg/250px-Operry.jpg
Oliver Hazard Perry (1785 - 1819)
He died at the age of 34, not in battle
but from yellow fever, contracted from
mosquitoes while aboard the
USS Nonsuch, exploring the
Orinoco River in Venezuela.

...in 1977, Hamida Djamdoubi, a convicted murderer from Tunisia became the last person to be executed in France by means of Madame Guillotine. The invention of Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, the decapitating machine was thought to be more humane than firing squad or hanging. The guillotine, named for Guillotin, was first used in 1792 to carry out the sentence against a highwayman. It was used during the French Revolution when more than 10,000 people lost their heads, including King Louis XVI and Marie "Let them eat cake" Antoinette. While the last execution with the machine was in 1977, France outlawed capital punishment in 1981, but there is a museum, dedicated to the guillotine, in Liden, Sweeden.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Joseph-Ignace_Guillotin_cropped.JPG/168px-Joseph-Ignace_Guillotin_cropped.JPG
Joseph Ignace-Guillotin
Those who danced with Madam
Guillotine came away a little bit
shorter.

...in 1998, President Bill Clinton apologized to his cabinet for the Monica Lewinski scandal.

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_jvugNnBkwBw/SSHuUK_CrwI/AAAAAAAADwU/mRFuDAZ_Rto/s320/monica-lewinsky.jpg
Well, thanks and all that, but can I
just have my blue dress back?

...in 1881, a stagecoach robbery in Tombstone, Arizona, heightened the tension in an already taught community. A posse was called by Sheriff John Behan and included Morgan and Wyatt Earp. Based on a footprint, the posse arrested Frank Stillwell, a former deputy. Cochise County ranching powers, the Clantons and the McLaureys, saw the arrest not as justice but an Earp power play to try to loosen the grip the Clantons and McLaurys had on county politics. The tensions would continue to mount until the shootout at the OK Corral in October.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 22 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

We all know what happened on September 11, 2001 but there were many other events that happened before 2001 that are overshadowed by this black date. Here are a few of those, and then we'll look at the big event of the date. Our administrator has prevented the use of more than ten images in any one post, so today's update is broken into two parts. I'm sorry, but that's the way it is.

...in 1814, during the battle of Plattsburg, Master Commandant Thomas MacDonough, commanding a newly built American fleet, destroyed a British squadron and sent them back to Canada on foot. The victory prevented an invasion of New York and moved negotiations closer to the Treaty of Ghent, ending The War of 1812.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Macdono.jpg
Master Commandant Thomas MacDonough

...in 1903, the Milwaukee Mile opened at State Fair Park for automobile races. It is the oldest major speedway in the world, still in operation, and the track itself has been in place since the 1870's when it was used for horse racing. When automobiles started to proliferate, the track offered automobile races. It remained unpaved, and offered both auto and horse races until 1954 when the track was paved. The venue has also been the location of concerts and the Green Bay Packers played football games in the infield, even winning the NFL Championship game there in 1939.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/MilwaukeeMilePanorama.jpg/900px-MilwaukeeMilePanorama.jpg
Panoramic view of the Milwaukee Mile

...in 1971, the most colorful character of the Cold War, Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev, died in Moscow. He is probably best remembered for his role in the 1963 Cuban Missile Crisis, when Khrushchev and President John F. Kennedy played a game of chicken with nuclear warheads. (A new book about the crisis, One Minute to Midnight, offers new material and previously unpublished photos and data of the crisis and is a must read for all Americans.) Khrushchev is also remembered for taking off his shoe at the United Nations and beating on the table with it to make his point. On that visit to the United States, during the Eisenhower Administration, he made a whirlwind tour of the country and was greatly disappointed that security concerns prevented a visit to Disneyland.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Dwight_Eisenhower_Nikita_Khrushchev_and_their_wive s_at_state_dinner_1959.png/180px-Dwight_Eisenhower_Nikita_Khrushchev_and_their_wive s_at_state_dinner_1959.png
From left to right: Nina Kukharchuk (Khrushchev's wife), Mamie Eisenhower (Eisenhower's wife), Nikita Khrushchev and Dwight Eisenhower at a state dinner in 1959.
Photo from the National Archives and Records Administration.

...in 1921, Fatty Arbuckle was arrested in San Francisco for the rape and murder of actress Virginia Rappe. He was acquitted of the spurious charges, but the press had already ruined his career as one of the most brilliant comic actors of the silent era.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Arbuckle-Roscoe-01.jpg
Roscoe Conkling
"Fatty" Arbuckle
(1887-1933)

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

...in 2001, four American airliners were hijacked by Muslim extremists with intentions of launching the largest act of terrorism ever attempted in the United States. Two planes were flown into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, one was flown into the Pentagon and the fourth plane, reportedly headed for the Capitol, crashed in Pennsylvania while passengers were attempting to retake the plane. 2,974 people perished in the attacks, not including the 19 hijackers, as if any sane person cares what happened to them. 24 more are stlll listed as missing, presumed to have been vaporized. The majority of the victims were innocent civilians, representing more than 90 countries. 55 military personnel perished in the crash at the Pentagon and 411 first responders perished in New York City while attempting to rescue others. NYFD lost 341 firefighters and two paramedics. The NYPD lost 23 officers and the Port Authority lost 37 officers. 8 private EMT's also perished. Flight 93 was retaken by the passengers aboard. The cockpit flight recorder has a command by one of the terrorists to "Roll the plane," when he realized the plane was about to be retaken. It crashed in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, about two miles off the Lincoln Highway.

We all remember where we were when we heard the news. The Kat Lady and I were in Iowa, riding across the Iowa countryside in Sonja, our 1929 Model A Ford. Without a radio, we were in blissful ignorance of the days events until we arrived in Amana. Cars were lined up at a gas station for more than a quarter of a mile, giving us a clue that something was powerfully wrong. We checked into a hotel in Cedar Rapids and spent the evening watching news reports, in total shock at the days events.

The images are burned into my memory, as I am sure in yours; as well. Here is a little of what 9/11 looked like.

Digitized images from video of the second plane crashing into the WTC. Used under fair use statement of the copyright holder, CNN.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Sept11/dfec011e.jpg

Photo of damage at Ground Zero, shot by a Sailor on duty. This is a public domain photograph.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/September_17_2001_Ground_Zero_04.jpg/480px-September_17_2001_Ground_Zero_04.jpg

Photo of Pennsylvania crash site of Flight 93 - public domain photograph.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/UA93_crash_site_noborder.jpg/800px-UA93_crash_site_noborder.jpg

Twin Towers burning as Statue of Liberty watches. Public domain photograph.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/National_Park_Service_9-11_Statue_of_Liberty_and_WTC_fire.jpg

The Pentagon after the crash of Flight 77. The resulting flames from the impact were so hot that most of the plane was vaporized. The tin-foil beanie conspiracy crowd still believes that since no airplane can be seen, there was no plane crash but a planted explosive device.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Sept11/2c3c6cf1.jpg

Debris from the aircraft was scattered, but the tin-foil beanie crowd claims the schrapnel was placed. Public domain photograph.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flight_77_wreckage_at_Pentagon.jpg/800px-Flight_77_wreckage_at_Pentagon.jpg

Collapse of the North Tower. Photo used here under fair usage permitted by the copyright holder.

http://www.civil.usyd.edu.au/latest/wtc_collapse1.jpg

The view from space is indicative of the size of the plumes of smoke from the fires. Public domain photograph by NASA.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Manhattan_on_September_12_-_Landsat7.jpg/800px-Manhattan_on_September_12_-_Landsat7.jpg

Of course, whenever there is a major catastrophe, there are lunatics that want to place blame and this event seems to attract more conspiracy theorists than others. There are those of the tin-foil beanie persuasion who believe that this entire day's events were all staged by the United States government, some of them so filled with hatred for President George Bush that they lay the entire conspiracy at his feet - after telling us how dumb he is. Sadly, many of these fruitcakes are well-known celebrities. Their main argument is that airplanes are not capable of collapsing a building and therefore, the twin towers were brought down by controlled demolition, using charges that were placed by government black-bag operatives. They also claim that since there was no airplane found inside the Pentagon, the explosion had to be from pre-placed charges or a missile. (Um, Dude, where is the airplane then, and where are all those people who were aboard it? Are they living in Shangri-La?) Look at these photos and try to see what they do - it is not possible - and don't give any of them the time of day.

(A rather entertaining debunking of the 9/11 conspiracy theorists was created by Penn & Teller for their cable television show, Penn & Teller's Bull$417 which has been placed up on YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kcrF346sS_I) but be warned, it is loaded with course language and just makes you want to...well, you were warned.)

In the aftermath...steel from the WTC debris was recycled and used to build the LPD 21 USS New York. The San Antonio Class warship is an amphibious transport dock, the letters stand for Landing Platform Dock. A well in the aft the ship can be flooded to launch and recover amphibious assault vehicles. The motto of the LPD 21 USS New York is "Never Forget."

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Sept11/NY911.jpg
The San Antonio Class warship has its own website (http://www.ussnewyork.com/index.html).

God Bless all those who perished in the terrorist attacks. God Bless the first responders who are there for us. God Bless those who sail aboard the USS New York in harm's way.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Sept11/b437e808.jpg
Never, never, never, forget. Forgive, but never, never, never forget.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 33 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1953, Newport, Rhode Island was the location of the wedding between Senator John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Bouvier. In 1961, they would become the youngest President and First Lady in American history. Jack and Jaquie were married in St. Mary's Church in front of 750 witnesses.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jacqueline_Bouvier_Kennedy_Onassis2.jpg/180px-Jacqueline_Bouvier_Kennedy_Onassis2.jpg

...in 1953, Nikita Khrushchev was elected to the position of First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, making him the premier after the death of Joseph Stalin. The irony is that the anniversary of his death is September 11.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Nixon_and_khrushchev.jpg
Nikita Khrushchev with Vice President
Richard Nixon, during his visit to the
United States in 1959.

...in 2003, country music legend Johnny Cash died in Nashville, at the age of 71. His music career lasted over 40 years. He signed with Sun Records (Sun also signed Elvis Presley) in 1954. His first hit, I Walk The Line came in 1956. In 1957, he performed at the Grand Ol' Opry, dressed all in black. He earned the name The Man In Black as a result and the legend grew. His distinctive voice and haunting lyrics (with the exception, perhaps, of A Boy Named "Sue") earned him 11 Grammy Awards with 48 hits on the Billboard charts. He was the only performer to be in both the Country Music and Rock and Roll Halls of Fame. He is buried next to his wife, June Carter Cash, who preceeded him in death by just four months.

http://yeahpot.com/cash/images/13.jpg
Johnny Cash, June Carter Cash and
John Carter Cash

...in 1912, Indianapolis entrepreneuer, showman, automobile salesman and motoring enthusiast Carl G. Fisher, proposed a transcontinental highway that would run from New York to San Francisco. The ambitious plan was to finish the highway in time for the Panama-Pacific Expostion in San Francisco. Called the Coast-to-Coast Rock Highway, Fisher thought it could be built for $10,000,000.00, a very optimistic estimate, even in 1912 dollars. The plan was fraught with difficulties, especially when Henry Ford refused to participate in the adventure. Ford, with his usual pragmatic vision, said that building roads was a government responsibilty and not a private enterprise. Henry B. Joy, President of Packard Motor Company stepped forward as a supporter of the highway plan. He proposed that the highway be named for, and dedicated as a memorial to, Abraham Lincoln. Joy became President of the Lincoln Highway Association, helped lay out the Proclamation Route, and promoted the fastest route across the United States. Today, the route of the busiest highway in the Interstate System, I-80 closely parallels the Lincoln Highway, proving that Joy had the vision for the highway of the future. The Lincoln Highway predates Route 66 by 14 years and is 1,200 miles longer - making it most worthy of the title, The Mother Road.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/LH-Map-75.jpg/800px-LH-Map-75.jpg
The proclamation route of the Lincoln Highway led travelers from Times Square, through New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada
and California to San Francisco. The original route followed west from Pittsburgh to East
Liverpool, Ohio along the north shore of the Ohio River, but was changed to a southern route
that goes through West Virginia. Henry Joy avoided major cities when possible and may have
inadvertantly invented the by-pass. The Lincoln Highway travels around the south edge of
Chicago, avoiding the city entirely. A loop to Denver, created to appease miffed officials of
Colorado for not making the route, was quietly dropped in 1915.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Im000250.jpg
In 2003, Sonja and I were lucky enough
to join 54 other nuts on a cross country
trip following the Lincoln Highway.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/20050517fls_cyber_hwayPJ02_450.jpg
US 30 follows The Lincoln Highway
through much of the eastern part of
the United States.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Im000524.jpg
Somewhere in Nebraska, the west begins
where the east peters out.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Im001185.jpg
Today, the Lincoln Highway crosses the San Francisco
Bay Bridge. Before 1938, you had to take a ferry to continue
your journey on the Lincoln Highway.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 46 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1792, George Washington laid the cornerstone of the new US Capitol building. It took about a decade to complete, with a long line of architects and project managers completing the project. Today, no one knows where that cornerstone is located. The fact that it is missing should be no surprise, historians cannot even agree on the date that the cornerstone was laid. It is listed as being laid on October 12, 1792 and October 13, 1793, not to mention that some sources believe it was laid by Benjamin Franklin - an interesting feat because Mr. Franklin died in 1790. The White House was burned, almost to the ground, by the British in the War of 1912 but by 1817 was pretty much rebuilt. It has undergone several rebuilds and redecorations over the centuries. It has housed a bowling alley, a jogging track, a movie theater and for awhile, solar panels.

http://www.americaslibrary.gov/assets/jb/nation/jb_nation_whitehse_2_m.jpg
The President's House after the
fire in 1814. Referred to informally as
the "White House," the name was not
official until 1902 when it was officially
adopted by President Teddy Roosevelt.

...in 1814, Francis Scott Key had gone to Baltimore, to negotiate with the British, for the release of his friend, Dr. William Beanes, who had been taken prisoner by British forces during the War of 1812. He was able to secure the relearse of Dr. Beanes but British authorities would not allow them to leave until they had completed the bombardment of Fort McHenry. Key watched the bombardment from over 8 miles away. After one day of total bombardment, fort McHenry still stood but more importantly, the American flag still flew above the fort. Key began to write the immortal words, inspired by the single flag, still waving in the "...dawn's early light."

http://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_Si/nmah/images/banner.jpg
The flag that flew over Fort McHenry and
inspired Francis Scott Key to write the Star
Spangled Banner is a prized possession of
the Smithsonian Museum, where it has resided
since 1912.

"And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air,
Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there."

Key's poem began to run in newspapers and became quite popular. The poem was set to a tune by John Stafford Smith called To Anacreon in Heaven which was an English drinking song. By the time President Woodrow Wilson announced, in 1916, that the song should be played before all national events, it had become known as The Star Spangled Banner. It became the National Anthem in 1931.

...in 1965, Louis Armstrong was awarded the Grammy for Best Male Vocalist for his recording of Hello, Dolly! "Satchmo" was born in New Orleans in 1901 in a rough part of the city and was sent to reform school after shooting a gun into the air. While at school, he learned to play the cornet and with his natural talent, was soon playing in jazz clubs around the city. He went to Chicago in 1922 then New York in 1924, then began making recordings in 1925. One of the most important and influential developers of jazz, "Satchmo" died in 1971.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Louis_Armstrong_restored.jpg/250px-Louis_Armstrong_restored.jpg
His nickname, "Satchmo" was short
for "Satchelmouth,"a reference to his
embouchure. The name was coined by
Percy Brooks in 1932.

...in 1936, at the age of 17, "Rapid" Robert Feller struck out 17 Philadelphia A's in a game with the Cleveland Indians. The effort tied the strikeout record of Dizzy Dean, a record he would top with 18 strikeouts on the last day of the 1938 season. The record stood until 1969 when it was broken by Steve Carlton. Feller amassed a record of 266-162 over his 20 year career, which was actually only 16 years since he spent four years in the Navy. He also pitched three no-hitters in 1940, 1946 and 1951. Bob Feller was also inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1962, the first year of his eligibility.

http://www.powerlineblog.com/bob_feller1.jpg

...in 1981, Margaret Chase Smith (December 14, 1897 - May 29, 1995) was elected to the Senate from Maine, the first woman to be elected to both houses of the legislative branch. She was also the first woman to be nominated for President, in 1964, losing the bid to Barry Goldwater. At the time of her retirement, she set the record for the longest serving woman Senator.

http://www.uma.edu/assets/images/mwhof/awwwMSmith.JPG

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 25 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1901, President William McKinley died of complications from a gunshot wound he suffered at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. Under McKinley, the US went to war with Spain, won handily in just three months, and took on Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Phillipines as protectorates. Although he was under criticism for his outlook on big business, he was immensely popular and easily beat William Jennings Bryan in his reelction bid. He was shot at the Exposition by Polish-American anarchist, Leon Czolgoz, who was arrested and convicted of murder after McKinley died from gangrene. Czolgoz was executed shortly afterward.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/McKinleyAssassination.jpg/260px-McKinleyAssassination.jpg
Drawing by T. Dart Walker (1869 - 1914)

...in 1965, arguably the worst television series ever conceived premiered. (Sitcom, not Jerry Springer, who wins the "Worst Show" title, hands down.) Called My Mother, The Car, the series ran from September 1965 to September 1966, and featured Ann Southern as David Crabtree's (Jerry Van Dyke) mother, reincarnated as a 1928 Porter automobile. There was no Porter, the one-of-a-kind automobile was built as a combination of Model T, Maxwell, Hudson and modern Chevrolet. A second Porter was built, without floorboards, allowing a stuntman to drive, making the car appear driverless. Both cars exist, the stunt car is on display in Tennessee and the other is in the hands of a Canadian collector. There were 30 episodes made but none have been seen since the series was cancelled. It might have been before its time, though, as the talking car concept worked quite well as Knight Rider in the 80's and made an unsuccessful come-back last year. I hear Jerry Van Dyke is available for a talking car series.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d6/Gladys_(My_Mother_the_Car).jpg
Believe me, if you never saw the show, you haven't missed a thing.

...in 1959, the Soviet Union became the first to reach the moon when a probe crash landed on the lunar surface. The successful launch of Sputnik and the moon probe were a major propaganda win for the Soviets, but also bruised American pride and served to launch an accelerated space program that reached its pinnacle in 1969, when Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e3/Luna_2.jpg
The Soviet Union probe, Luna 2, made it to
the moon after several failed attempts. It was the
first man made object to impact the moon. Luna 1
missed the moon by 6,000 kilometers and entered
orbit around the sun.

...in 1960, the Organization of the Petrolium Exporting Countries was founded by Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. OPEC has since added eight more members, but showed its power and influence by an oil embargo in 1973. Long lines for gasoline resulted, along with soaring prices and resulted in American automobiles being downsized and an emphasis was made on economy. Current price fluctuations demonstrate that things haven't really changed much in 37 years.

http://www.people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch5en/appl5en/img/opec.gif

...in 1982, Princess Grace of Monaco died in a tragic automobile accident, after she plunged 45 feet down an embankment after a stroke. As Grace Kelly, she was endeared to American audiences in To Catch a Thief, Rear Window and High Society before she chucked it all to marry Prince Rainier of Monaco in 1956.

http://www.edhumphries.com/wp-content/uploads/grace-kelly.jpg
Her Serene Highness The Princess of Monaco
November 12, 1929 - September 14, 1982

That's it. That's all we know as of 6:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 33 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1940, the tide turned in the Battle of Britain as a handful of RAF pilots downed 56 Luftwaffe aircraft. Officials of the Luftwaffe were convinced that gaining superiority over Bristain was impossible, and the next day, the bold daytime bombing raids were changed to night bombing, an admission of defeat. The Wermacht had run over most of Europe, leaving Britain the last free European state. Winston Churchill assured the world that Britain would "...never surrender." Germany would continue air raids, but by the Spring of 1941, the Battle of Britain was over. The victory over an overwhelming force prompted Winston Churchill to make his famous speech, crediting the hardy RAF fliers by saying, "Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Bundesarchiv_Bild_141-0678%2C_Flugzeuge_Heinkel_He_111.jpg
German Heinkel HE 111 bombers over the English Channel. 56 Luftwaffe aircraft were
downed by the RAF on this date, essentially bringing about the end of the Battle of Britain.

...in 1909, Ford Motor Company, on the verge of dominating the automobile market, was close to going under. An attorney (of course) by the name of George Selden had secured a patent for a "Road Engine" in the early 1890's, without actually ever building such a device. He successfully bullied several manufacturers of automobiles into an association that paid royalties to him. Henry Ford was excluded from membership because the owners of Oldsmobile stood to lose a lot of business to the upstart Ford. Ford went ahead and made cars anyway, and the Selden association sued for patent infringement. It took until 1909 for a judge to rule in favor of the association. On this date, Ford appealed, and in 1911, the decision was overturned, breaking the Selden patent and opening the automobile market to anyone.

http://inventors.about.com/library/graphics/selden.gif
In 1911, a judge finally ruled that Selden's patent
did not fully describe an automobile, and since Selden
had not actually ever built a prototype, the patent was
invalid. With the breaking of the Selden Patent, the way
was cleared for Henry Ford to dominate the market with
the venerable Model T.

...in 1959, Nikita Krushchev became the first Soviet leader to visit the United States. As we learned a couple of days ago, Krushchev succeeded Joseph Stalin after his death in 1954. Most leaders expected Krushchev to be an extension of Stalin, but he was more moderate and announced the concept of "peaceful coexistence" with the United States. He toured the United States, mostly as a good will gesture, and was most disapponted that he was not able to visit Disneyland.

...in 1890, Mary Clarissa Agatha Miller was born in Torquay, Devon, England. She began making up stories as a child, along with her mother and older sister, Madge. She married Colonel Archibald Christie in 1914, and while he was off in the war, she worked in a pharmacy and learned a great deal about poisons. Her sister challenged her to write a novel, and The Mysterious Affair at Styles introduced Hercule Poirot to the world. Poirot would appear in 25 more novels over the next 25 years. Agatha Christie wrote over 80 novels, 30 short story collections and 15 plays. Under the pen name of Mary Westmacott, she published six romance novels, too. She killed Hercule Poirot in Curtain: Hercule Poirot's Last Case prompting a front page obituary in the New York Times. She was knighted in 1971, and died in 1976, about a year after the death of Poirot.

http://www.mysterynet.com/images/mn/greats/christie.jpg
The Queen of Mystery

That's it. That's all we know. Due to circumstances beyond my control, today's update is posted a little early. So, that's all we know as of 9:31 AM, EDT on September 14.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 54 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1620, the Mayflower departed Plymouth, England for the Jamestown Colony in Virginia. The venture was part religious separatists who wanted to get away from the Church of English but was also part entrepreneureal venture, backed by a group of investors who expected a piece of the profits from the venture. The ship was blown off course and wound up on the tip of what is now Cape Cod. Miles Standish led an armed party ashore, further inland, to find a suitable place to build a settlement, which they named Plymouth. A large stone in the area became known as "Plymouth Rock." The first Winter was difficult, with half the colonists dying from disease. By 1640, the colony was overshadowed by its neighbor to the north, the Massachusetts Bay Colony, settled by the Puritans in 1629. (I was recently surprised to learn that my 11th great-grandfather, William Colver, settled in the colony in 1630.) The term "pilgrim" was not applied to the Plymouth colonists until the early 19th Century, and when Daniel Webster used the term "Pilgrim's Fathers" during a bicentennial celebration in 1829, and the term came into common usage.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/54/Plymouth_-_Plymouth_Rock_Monument.JPG/250px-Plymouth_-_Plymouth_Rock_Monument.JPG
The current location of Plymouth Rock. The rock has
been split in two, moved several times, and been the target
of souvenir hunters. The Pilgrims actually landed on the tip
of Cape Cod and later moved to the location of rock.

...in 1908, William Crapo "Billy" Durant founded General Motors by bringing Buick, Oldsmobile and Cadillac together. Durant was within hours of adding Ford Motor Company to the GM lineup during the dark hours of the Selden Patent trial (see yesterday's update) but was unable to meet Henry Ford's buyout terms. When the Selden Patent was overturned, GM and Ford became bitter rivals, with GM surpassing Ford as the largest automobile maker in 1929. Durant added Chevrolet, Fisher Body in Flint, Michigan, Frigidaire and the Dayton Engineering Laboratories (Delco) to the GM lineup. The pinnacle of GM arrogance was reached in 1953, when GM President Charles E. Wilson was being confirmed as President Eisenhower's Secretary of Defense. During the hearings, he said, "...for years I thought what was good for the country was good for General Motors and vice versa." The quote has often been garbled and misinterpreted, the most famous was a new character in Al Kapp's Li'l Abner named General Bullmoose, who's famous repeating line was, "What's good for General Bullmoose is good for the USA." The OPEC oil embargo hit GM hard in 1973 and government regulations forced downsizing of the entire line in 1978 and 1979. Eroding sales, fueled by government design requirements and crippling labor contracts, forced GM to close several plants in the United States. a program that is still underway. GM is still struggling and recently came under control of the Obama Administration after accepting government bail-out money.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/biobullmoose.jpg
Al Kapp's General Bullmoose, who's goal
was to own all the money in the world and
lived by Mr. Wilson's philosophy, "What's good
for General Bullmoose is good for the USA -
and vice-versa!"

...in 1893, at the sound of a gun, 100,000 people began pouring into the Cherokee Strip of Oklahoma to stake claims of the best acreage available. Some were surprised to find that the most choice acreage was already claimed by people who were already in the territory when the gun sounded. Those settlers earned the nickname of "Sooners" and the name stuck.

http://www.cherokee-strip-museum.org/images/LandRun/During/large/1975-178-780.jpg

...in 1949, the soon-to-be-famous "BEEP! BEEP!" was first heard in the cartoon Fast And Furry-ous as the Road Runner made its debut. The voice was supplied, of course, by Mel Blanc. The name, and the famous "BEEP! BEEP!" was contracted by Chrysler Corporation in the late 1960's for a line of Plymouth muscle cars called "Road Runner." The powerful (and very fast) car was saddled with the ridiculous horn, too, much to the embarrassment of many winners of the stop light Grand Prix.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3b/FastAndFurryous.jpg/200px-FastAndFurryous.jpg
The image says more than I can.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 41 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1787, "We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America." On this date, the preamble you just read became the law of the land as the Constitution was ratified. Have you ever read it? I mean, have you ever actually read it? The amendments and phrases get tossed around pretty freely, and it is painfully obvioius that many who talk about it have never read it, let alone, understand it. You can read it on the website of the US Constitution. Read it soon. The United States Constitution - The U.S. Constitution Online - USConstitution.net (http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Constitution_Pg1of4_AC.jpg/220px-Constitution_Pg1of4_AC.jpg

...in 1976, (THAT'S the spirit!) NASA unveiled the first space shuttle, Enterprise, in California. Enterprise became the first shuttle to fly when it was launched from a specially equipped Boeing 747 at 25,000 feet. It glided back to Edwards AFB with no trouble. Columbia was launched on April 12, 1981 on the first mission and returned, unpowered, to Edwards AFB. The navigational computer was a Hewlett-Packard hand-held calculator, a model 41-C. The Challenger exploded at 00:01:14 into a mission on January 28, 1986, killing all seven astronauts, setting the program back at least 2 years. Sadly, on February 1, 2003, the venerable Columbia disintigrated on re-entry. All seven astronauts perished in that tradgedy. Despite all that, the fleet of shuttles successfully completed many missions, including satillite launching, repair and recovery, scientific measurements, repair of the Hubble Telescope, not to mention, the building, equiping, and support of the International Space Station. A new shuttle fleet was in development, to replace the fleet of craft that uses 35+ year old designs, but the project has not received any new funding and has stopped. Until another way is found into space, Americans will ride on Russian Soyuz launch and space vehicles.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Space_shuttle_enterprise_star_trek.jpg
The Enterprise premiered at the Palmdale manufacturing facility in 1976 with members
of the cast and crew of Star Trek television series. L to R, Dr. James Fletcher of NASA,
DeForest Kelly, George Takei, James Doohan, Nichelle Nichols, Leonard Nimoy, Gene Roddenberry,
George Low of NASA, and Walter Koenig.

...in 1862, the Battle of Antietam became the bloodiest day in American history. General Robert E. Lee and his army of Northern Virginia fought General George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac fought to a draw along the banks of the Maryland creek. McClellan did not know that he held a huge numerical advantage over Lee, and for some unknown reason, did not follow him as Lee retreated into Virginia. (Some historians say that had McClellan given pursuit, the war could have ended shortly after Antietam.) A week later, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. This changed the focus of the war from unification to both unification and the end of slavery.

...in 1916, Manfred von Richtofen shot down his first enemy plane over Cambrai, France during WWI. Von Richtofen was the son of nobility and became a star pupil of the leading German pilot. He shot down British Second Leftenant Lionel Morris. Von Richtofen followed the aircraft down, and landed where it did. Leftenant Morris and his copilot had mortal wounds, and von Richtofen honored him by placing a marker on the grave. After his first confirmed victory on this date, he ordered a silver cup from a jeweller in Berlin, engraved with the date and type of aircraft he shot down. He continued to do this until he had 60 cups, at which time, silver became too scarse in Germany. Near the end of the war, von Richtofen was assigned a new plane, a Fokker triplane, which he had painted bright red to honor his old cavalry regiment. Although he only flew the plane for 8 months, he is best remembered for it and the nicknames it earned for him. In Gemany, he was known as Der Rote Kampffleiger (The Red Battle Flier) while he was alive. That name was used for the title of his 1917 autobiography. In France, he was known as Le Diable Rouge ("The Red Devil") and Le Petit Rouge (Little Red.) It was not until after his death that he became known as Der Rote Baron, The Red Baron. On April 21, 1918, The Red Baron was shot down and killed over the Somme River (not by Snoopy in a Sopwith Camel, either) after he had shot down 80 enemy aircraft, securing his place in history as one of the greatest air aces of World War I, in fact, of all time.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/64/Mvrredbaron.jpg/200px-Mvrredbaron.jpg
Manfred Freihaerr von Richthofen
"Freihaerr" is a German title of nobility,
similar to a baron in England. He is
shown wearing the Blue Max, the
highest military award offered by
Germany at the time.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/RoteBaron.JPG/800px-RoteBaron.J
A replica of von Richtofen's Fokker Dr 1. Although he is most associated with this aircraft, he did not use the Dr 1
that much and he probably had less than 20 of his 80 kills using the Fokker Dr 1.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

Personal comment: It somehow seems rather rude to remember one
of the greatest fliers of all time by naming a frozen pizza after him.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 37 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1975, Patty Hearst was arrested in her San Francisco apartment. On February 4, 1974, the 19 year old heiress to the Hearst newspaper fortune, was abducted by a group calling themselves the Symbionese Liberation Army. Later that same February, Hearst was seen on a surveilance tape during a bank robbery. Later, she said in a video tape that she had joined the SLA of her own free will. She was convicted of bank robbery and sentenced to seven years, but the sentence was commuted by President Jimmy Carter and she received a full pardon from President Bill Clinton.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/Patty_Hearst.jpg/225px-Patty_Hearst.jpg
Patty Hearst in an SLA poster.

...in 1955, the 2,000,000 Ford V-8 engine was built, after 23 years of production. The Ford V-8 was not a new concept in 1932, in fact, several manufacturers had been building V-8 engines for many years in expensive cars. Those engines were manufactured with an expensive process that put two separate castings together. The Ford V-8 engine was the first cast as a single block, a process that most engineers had given up as impossible. Ford engineers, including Charles "Cast Iron Charlie" Sorensen perfected the process of manufacturing the single-casting Flathead Ford. Ford's arch-rival, Chevrolet, did not offer a V-8 until 1955.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/1932_engine.jpg
20,000,000th Ford V8

...in 1964, speaking of Chevrolet, Route 66 disappeared into the sunset as it ended it's four year run on CBS. (The last new episode ran in May, but it continued in reruns until September.) The weekly drama featured Martin Milner as Tod Stiles and George Maharis as Buz Murdock. The two young men traveled the famous highway (well, not really) between Chicago and Los Angles in a Chevrolet Corvette, finding interesting characters along the way. Episodes were set in locations from Maine to California and were seldom on, or even close to, the famous highway. Tod, Buz and the Corvette were the only recurring characters, each week, the pair encountered a new cast and found their way into the lives of the characters in each town. Besides the Corvette, the series is also remembered for the catchy theme, written by Nelson Riddle. It offered great cinimatography and thoughtful, often dark, scripts that examined life in America in the early 1960s. An attempt was made to revive the show in the early 1990s, but the magic is gone because time moves on. Today, almost all of Route 66 has been paved over by a series of Interstate highways and, except for fans of nostalgia and historic highways, interest in Route 66 has faded and the new series folded quickly. Nelson Riddle's catchy theme song was the second television theme to make the Billboard Top 30 and is still heard on many radio stations. (Click on the link to see the closing credits of an episode entitled "Lizard's Leg and Owlet's Wing," from the 1962 season, on You Tube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVwWrdn6hQk) and hear Nelson Riddle's distinctive theme song.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/65/Route66bnov.jpg/270px-Route66bnov.jpg
Buz (George Maharis) and Tod (Martin Milner)
take a ferry in the series premiere, October 7,1960.
No one ever seemed to notice that Chevrolet
provided a new Corvette each season, something
that the lead character, Tod, would not have been able
to afford to do. Contrary to myth, the car was not red.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 34 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1932, Ab Jenkins, known as a "Son of the Salt" set yet another record at the Bonneville Salt Flats. Born David Abbott Jenkins on January 25, 1883 in Spanish Fork, Utah, he was a sign painter, carpenter, mason and building contractor. In 1926, long before the days of Interstate Highways, he drove from New York to San Francisco in 86 hours and 26 minutes. That's 5,186 minutes, or a little more than 3-1/2 days. (I drove the same route in 2003 in a 1929 Ford; it took me 16 days, just to give you an idea of his accomplishment.) As a devout member of the Church of Latter Day Saints, he named all his race cars "Mormon Meteor." On this date in 1932, on the Salt Flats, Jenkins completed a 24 hour solo run of 2,710 miles in a single day, driving a stock Pierce-Arrow. Jenkins died in 1956 at Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin, where he was to drive the pace car. Ab Jenkins set more records at the Bonneville Salt Flats than anyone else, truly, a Man of the Salt.

http://www.lib.utah.edu/static-content/marriottlibrary/files/images/p36_1.jpg
Ab Jenkins, Son of the Salt

...in 1959, Nikita Krushchev, as we told you about a few days ago, was not allowed to visit Disneyland when his whirlwind tour of the US came to Los Angeles. He did get to visit a soundstage of 20th Century Fox, where the film Can-Can was in production. He was surrounded by the cast, including Shirley MacLaine and Juliet Prowse. Frank Sinatra served as the impromptu MC of the event, thrilling Krushchev until he was insulted at lunch by Spyros P. Skouras. Upon learning he could not visit Disneyland, he exploded and asked, "Is there an epidemic of cholera there or something? Have gangsters taken hold of the place that can destroy me?" He did continue his tour of California without further incident and met with President Dwight Eisenhower in Washington, D.C.

http://media.smithsonianmag.com/images/Nikita-Khrushchev-with-Shirley-MacLaine-Can-Can-7.jpg
Krushchev with Shirley McLaine

...in 1956, the game show, You Bet Your Life ended its nine year run on radio. The show continued on television until 1961 with the venerable Groucho Marx as the host. (I don't think the cancellation of the show on radio had anything to do with Marx as much as it did with television killing network radio programming in the 1950s, as I remember Jack Benny's radio show coming to an end, too.) In 1947, when the show started, Groucho's fans were disappointed that the well known comic and movie star had stepped down to hosting a game show, but Groucho immediately turned it into an outlet for his sharp, wisecracking sense of comedy. An attempt was made to ressurect the show on television in the 1990s, with Bill Cosby, but it never caught on. There is, however, a similar radio show on NPR entitled Whad'ya Know starring Michael Feldman in the Groucho Marx role and Jim Packard in the George Fenniman role. The show airs Saturdays on NPR. Read about the modern copy of You Bet Your Life and find the listings near you on notmuch.com (http://www.notmuch.com/).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bd/Ybylife.jpg
"Say the secret word and earn an extra hundred dollars, it's a
common word, something you always have with you."

...in 1960, Chubby Checker hits #1 on the Billboard chart with The Twist. It was the only song to top the charts twice, as it came back to #1 again in 1962. The Twist stayed on the charts for 39 weeks and launched a national dance craze.

http://garbonza.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/chubby-checker.jpg
C'mon Baby, let's do the twist!

...in 1893, Governor Lord Glasgow of New Zealand, signed the Electoral Bill and becomes the first county in the world to to grant women the right to vote. It took the United States until 1920 to ratify the vote for women and 1928 for Great Britain.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/7thEarlOfGlasgow.jpg/200px-7thEarlOfGlasgow.jpg
David Boyle, 7th Earl of Glasgow

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 45 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1979, the deposed king of Ford Motor Company ascended to the throne of the troubled Chrysler Corporation. Lee Iacocca had been the president of Ford Motor Company but in 1978, Henry Ford II fired him. Iacocca took the helm of the sinking ship that was Chrysler, not realizing just how bad it really was. As he said, the day the checking account balance hit $1,000,000, he knew how bad it really was. "For a car company," he later said, "Having a million dollars is like having one dollar in your wallet." He reduced his salary to $1.00 and began a pogrom of cutbacks, layoffs and sought government loan guarantees. He appeared on Chrysler television spots, claiming, "If you can find a better car, buy it!" (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v6nmCFTmPnE&feature=related) By 1983, Chrysler had returned from the brink of bankruptcy to being a driving force (so to speak) in the marketplace and repaid all the government backed loans, all in less than 4 years. "We at Chrysler borrow money the old-fashioned way," he said in a television spot. "We pay it back."

http://www.leeiacocca.net/img/content-design/photo-lee.jpg
Lee Iococca (1924 - )

...in 1519, Ferdinand Magellan set sail from Spain to search for a shortcut to the Spice Islands. Since he was about 400 years too early for Teddy Roosevelt and the Panama Canal, Magellan sailed south along the coast of South America until he found the straits that separated South America from Tierra del Fuego and today, bear his name. He was the first explorer to find the Pacific Ocean, which was so named by him because of the calm waters. Magellan died in the Phillippines, but two of his ships continued onward. One attempted to return via the same route, and was never heard from again. The Vittoria continued west, rounded the Cape of Good Hope and returned to Spain, the first ship to circumnavigate the globe.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Hernando_de_Magallanes_del_museo_Madrid.jpg/225px-Hernando_de_Magallanes_del_museo_Madrid.jpg
Ferdinand Magellan (1480-1521)

...in 1973, former tennis champion, Bobby Riggs (55) took on the top women's tennis champion, Billy Jean King (29) in a widely promoted and widely watched tennis match known as "The Battle of the Sexes." Riggs was a self-proclaimed chauvinist and claimed that he could beat any woman in a tennis match. The match was held at the Astrodome in front of 30,000 people and an estimated 50,000,000 people watching on television. King arrived in a gold sedan chair, carried by men dressed as slaves while Riggs arrived in a rickshaw pulled by female models. Howard Cosell called the play-by-play as King beat Riggs 6-4, 6-3, 6-3. The victory was seen by some as a well-crafted publicity stunt but by others as a tennis victory for King and a victory for women's rights in general.

http://www.insidesocal.com/outinhollywood/0222sexes.jpg
Billie Jean King and Bobby Riggs clown it
up for the camera before the match.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 41 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1780, General Benedict Arnold met with British Major John Andrae to discuss delivering West Point to the British. In exchange, Arnold was to be provided with a high ranking commission in the British army along with a large sum of money. The plot was foiled, however, and Arnold was exposed. His name is now synonymous with the term {i]traitor[/i]. (In high school, some of my friends played in a garage band known as Sir Benedict and The Traitors.) Arnold fled to the British lines and actually commanded troops in Virginia against the colonists. He died in London in 1801 but never received all he was promised.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/ArnoldCipherLetter.jpeg
One of Arnold's cypher letters written as part of the
plot to surrender West Point. Parts of the message were
written with invisible ink.

...in 1945, Henry Ford II, "Hank the Deuce" became the President of Ford Motor Company. After the death of Edsel Ford, Henry Ford took over. He was 76 years old, confused and in failing health. Clara Ford (Henry's wife) threatened to sell her stock if he didn't step down and hand the company over to their grandson. Ford II was pulled out of the Great Lakes Naval Training Center and given his release to take the reins of the failing automaker, a company that was hemorrhaging money at the rate of about $1 million per month. The young Ford was not trained in business administration but he had a knack for organization. He first fired Harry Bennett, the shady character who ran the Ford Service Department and caused immeasurable damage to labor relations. Ford also hired a package of 10 men who had been quality control experts for the army. They were known as the "Quiz Kids" because they asked so many questions of everyone. Within a few years, they became known as the "Whiz Kids" because they implemented changes that made Ford into a profitable company again. One of the Whiz Kids, Robert McNamara, was selected by President John F. Kennedy to be his Secretary of Defense. Under Henry II, Ford created the Thunderbird, Falcon, Mustang, the Lincoln Mark series, and the F series of trucks, and today, the Ford F-150 is one of the best selling vehicle in the American market and the best selling pickup truck for 32 straight years.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/fords.jpg
Henry II, Henry and Edsel Ford

...in 1985, Dire Straits reached #1 on the Billboard chart with a song called Money For Nothing, written by Mark Knopfler after hearing a tradesman in an electronics store, making fun of MTV. (If that's before your time, MTV used to broadcast music videos.) The video was a mix of live action and early computer graphics that were amazing for their time but seem primitive by today's standards. In the background of the song, you can hear Sting singing "I want my, I want my, I want my MTV" using Don't Stand So Close To Me by The Police as the counter melody. That's the way you do it, you play the git-tar on the MTV, That ain't woikin'. (Trivia - the first video played by MTV when it went online was Video Killed The Radio Star. Today, MTV is loaded with sophomoric crap. I wonder what the last video was? You can see the Dire Straits video Money for Nuthin' (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ACGUasFWVsI) on YouTube and you can see Video Killed the Radio Star (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X19iZ4CyJf0) on YouTube.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Markknopfler20061.jpg/220px-Markknopfler20061.jpg
Mark Knopfler

...in 1904, Chief Him-mah-too-yah-lat-kekt ("Thunder Rolling Down from the Mountains") of the Nez Perce died in Washington, aged 64. Known to Whites as Chief Joseph, he was considered a brilliant military strategist but he was really more of a peacemaker than a warrior. While he tried to make peace with settlers who coveted the lands of the Wallowa Band of the Nez Perce, a group of young hotheads attacked the settlers and started the Nez Perce War of 1877. When it was all over, Chief Joseph stated, "From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Chief_Joseph_and_family.JPG/400px-Chief_Joseph_and_family.JPG
Chief Joseph and his family, taken in Leavenworth, Kansas, the site of
their exile from the Wallowa Valley in Washington, their homeland. Elaine
Miller, the curator of the Washington State Historical Museum asks that
you look into the face of Chief Joseph. "You can see great dignity, pride,
intelligence, and sadness in Joseph's face and body language as well as
tension, and perhaps some anger."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 37 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1776, Nathan Hale was executed in New York City without a trial, for espionage, by the British Army. Legend has it that his last words were, "I regret that I have but one life to give to my country," although there is no evidence one way or another that he actually said it. Hale was a schoolteacher, and he may have been inspired by the lines of Joseph Addison's play, "What a pity it is, That we can die but once to serve our country."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b6/Nathan-hale-cityhall.jpg/200px-Nathan-hale-cityhall.jpg
Nathan Hale by Frederick
MacMonnies. All the statues
of Nathan Hale are stylized as
no contemporary portraits of
him are known to exist.

...in 1914, the German U-boat U-9 sank three British cruisers in less than one hour. The event demonstrated to the world that German submarines were far more effective than anyone anticipated. The German blockade of Britain might have succeeded, but U-boat attacks on neutral American ships brought the United States into the war and changed the balance against Germany. On this date, approximately 1,450 British sailors perished and there was a large public outcry. The captain of the U-9 returned to Germany to a hero's welcome, he and his entire crew were decorated. Meanwhile, in Britain, the confindence in the Royal Navy was shaken. Prior to this action, the German navy considered the U-boat as an interesting novelty and Britain discarded it useless. After this date, both sides realized the significance of the submarine as a modern weapon of war.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/U9Submarine.jpg
The 1910 German Unterseeboot U-9

...in 1554, Francisco Coronado died without ever finding the Seven Cities of Gold. He died too early, because he didn't get to Reno and Las Vegas.

...in 1953, the first four-level highway interchange opened in Los Angeles, the city of traffic jams and smog. It was far from the first interchange, in fact, one of the first primitive interchanges was built in Colo, Iowa (http://bridgehunter.com/ia/story/bh36216/), in 1936.

http://bridgehunter.com/photos/11/14/111476-M.jpg
This primitive interchange, in Colo, Iowa, was called a "grade separation" when it was built
in 1936, but the design influenced highway design for decades.
--Photo Copyright and Courtesy of Historic Bridges of the United States (http://bridgehunter.com/).

...in 1862, President Abraham Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation. The announcement did not actually end slavery as much as it told the world that the goal of the Civil War was not just reunification but the end of slavery. The Confederate States of America were trying desperately to gain recognition from world powers. At one time, the rebels were seen in some places as freedom fighters, but with the Proclamation, the struggle was no longer seen as a fight for freedom but a battle to defend slavery. It was a brilliant move by Lincoln to brand the CSA as a slave nation.

http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/art/resources/graphic/xlarge/33_00005.jpg
The first reading of the Emancipation Proclamation, painting by
Francis Bicknell Carpenter. Abraham Lincoln presented the
document to his cabinet, as depicted in Bicknell's painting.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 32 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1875, at the ripe old age of 15, Billy the Kid was arrested for the first time. He was participating in a practical joke that went bad, by hiding a bag of laundry that a friend had stolen from a Chinese laundry. Literally caught holding the bag, Billy was put into jail as a lesson. In two days, claustrophobia pushed him up a chimney pipe to escape, and he was on the wrong side of the law from then on. He was born in New York City but wound up in Silver City, New Mexico, when he was taken by his mother. It was also the site of his first serious arrest. He would go on to be one of the most notorious outlaws in western history.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Billykid.jpg/225px-Billykid.jpg
This ferrotype is the only known
image of Henry McCarty
aka Billy the Kid.

...in 1779, the US Navy frigate, Bonhomme Richard entered battle with the Bristish ships Serapis and Countess of Scarborough near England. The Bonhomme Richard was under the command of John Paul Jones, a Scotsman who came to America as a cabin boy and was commissioned into the navy as a lieutenant at the outbreak of the Revolutionary War. Jones has been in command of the Bonhomme Richard for less than a month when he entered the battle, and it did not go well for the ship. When the captain of the Serapis asked if Jones would surrender, he yelled back, "Sir, I have not yet begun to fight!" At the conclusion of three more hours of fierce battle, both the Serapis and Countess of Scarborough surrendered and Jones moved the American colors to the Serapis. The remains of the Bonhomme Richard sank the next day. Jones was a hero in France but not so much in the United States, for some reason. He died at the age of 45 in 1792, while embroiled in the French Revolution. He was buried in an unmarked grave, but in 1905, his remains were located, returned the the US and he is enshrined in a crypt at Annapolis, Maryland at the Naval Academy. He is hailed as one of the most brilliant naval tacticians in American history.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Serapis_and_Bonhomme_Richard.jpg/180px-Serapis_and_Bonhomme_Richard.jpg
Engraving based on the battle between
the Serapis and the Bonhomme Richard
by Richard Paton, ca. 1780

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/JohnPaulJonesgrave.jpg/200px-JohnPaulJonesgrave.jpg
The sarcophagus of John Paul Jones,
made of bronze and marble, at the
United States Naval Academy.

...in 1846, Johann Gottfried Galle located the planet, Neptune, at the Berlin Observatory. No, Silly. Galle was as the Observatory, Nepture was orbiting the sun. The location of Neptune had been calculated by French astronomer, Urbain-Jean-Joseph Le Verrier by calculating the gravitational disturbances in the orbit of Uranus. Galle found Neptune, named for the Roman god of the oceans. It was the last planet discovered until Pluto was found in 1930, which was the 9th planet until 2006 when it was downgraded. In 1989, Voyager 2 was the first (Terran) spacecraft to visit Neptune.

http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/images/neptune/neptunex_thumb.gif
Neptune, as seen by
Voyager 2. (Photo courtesy of
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/neptune.html).)

...in 1961, the NBC network broke with tradition and premiered Saturday Night at the Movies with the film, How To Marry A Millionaire, a 1953 film starring Betty Grable, Marilyn Monroe and Lauren Bacall. There was an uneasy rivalry between the movie and television industries, but the success of the NBC experiment changed that relationship forever.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Marilyn_Monroe%2C_Betty_Grable_and_Lauren_Bacall_i n_How_to_Marry_a_Millionaire_trailer.jpg/350px-Marilyn_Monroe%2C_Betty_Grable_and_Lauren_Bacall_i n_How_to_Marry_a_Millionaire_trailer.jpg
Marilyn Monroe, Betty Grable and Lauren Bacall in
How to Marry a Millionaire that aired on NBC television, on
this date in 1961.

...in 1944, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt addressed the Teamster's in a campaign speech. After the usual political nonsense, FDR attacked the Republicans in defense of his dog, Fala. The Scottish Terrier was probably the most famous dog in the world, living in the White House after being presented to FDR by his cousin, Daisy Suckley, who also trained him. He went everywhere with the President, including a trip to a conference where he met Winston Churchill. The Republicans had charged Roosevelt with leaving Fala behind on the Aleutian Islands and sending a destroyer, at a cost of $20 million, to retrieve him. In his speech, Roosevelt said, You know, Fala is Scotch, and being a Scottie, as soon as he learned that the Republican fiction writers in Congress and out had concocted a story that I had left him behind on the Aleutian Islands and had sent a destroyer back to find him — at a cost to the taxpayers of two or three, or eight or 20 million dollars — his Scotch soul was furious. [laughter] He has not been the same dog since! [laughter] I am accustomed to hearing malicious falsehoods about myself — such as that old, worm-eaten chestnut that I have represented myself as indispensable. But I think I have a right to resent, to object to libelous statements about my dog [laughter].

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/FDR_and_Fala_at_table.jpg/200px-FDR_and_Fala_at_table.jpg
FDR and Fala at Warm Springs, Georgia.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/FDR_memorial.jpg
Fala was kind enough to share his memorial in Washington, D.C. with FDR.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 46 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1989, the lights of the Great White Way went dark for one minute in honor of Irving Berlin, who had died two days earlier at the age of 101. Born in Tyumen, Russia (now Belarus) as Israel Isidore Bailin, he immigrated to the United States in 1893 with his parents. After his father died in 1896, Beilin had to work or starve, and this affected the way he handled money for the rest of his life. At the request of his employer, a restauraneur, he wrote the lyrics to a tune written by the restaurant's piano player. Marie From Sunny Italy was soon published, his name was misspelled on the sheet music as I. Berlin and he was paid 37¢ for the tune. It was the first of over 1,500 songs that he would write in his long life. His songs are listed in the soundtrack credits of 259 films. He is probably bost remembered for White Christmas (the best selling single of all time) but my favorite Belin song was Oh How I Hate To Get Up In The Morning, which he sang in the movie This Is The Army. You can see it here, on YouTube. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71smG5d29to) At the same time he wrote it, he wrote another tune that he decided was too dreary. He dug it out again in 1938, polished it up and added new lyrics. It would be Kate Smith's signature song, God Bless America. Oh - by the way, Irving Berlin could not read music.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Irving_Berlin_Portrait2.jpg/220px-Irving_Berlin_Portrait2.jpg
Israel Isidore Baline, aka
Irving Berlin (1888-1989)

...in 1936, Jim Henson was born in Greenville, Mississippi. His parents moved to Hyattsville, Maryland where Henson joined a puppet club in high school. His puppets earned a spot on a local television show and earned him an Emmy. In 1955, Henson took his mother's old green coat, added ping pong balls for eyes, and the world would never be the same. ("Muppets" is a combination of the words marionette and puppet.) Henson's puppets were stars of 300 Wilkens Coffee commercials and Rowlf, The Dog was a regular on The Jimmy Dean Show. Kermit made an appearance on Johnny Carson's The Tonight Show that introduced him to the national audience. Henson's big break came when he signed to create puppets for The Preschool Educational Television Show which, thankfully, was renamed Sesame Street. Seven years later, he could not sell the idea of a series to the networks, so he syndicated The Muppet Show ("Bork, bork, bork!") which earned three Emmys and launched a movie career. Henson died in 1990 of pneumonia.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0f/MuppetShw.jpg
Frank Oz as Miss Piggy and Jim Henson as Kermit performing
during The Muppet Show.

...in 1964, the Warren Commission issued a report to President Lyndon Johnson that said Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone when he assassinated President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963. To this day, conspiracy theorists try to pick it apart, in fact, a second report was created in 1979 that reached the same conclusion. The volumes of documentation are all open to public examination now, except for the results of the Kennedy autopsy, which are highly restricted.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Warren_commission_cover.jpg/200px-Warren_commission_cover.jpg
The members of the
Warren Commission all
signed the report:
Earl Warren, Chief Justice of the United States
Richard Russell, Jr. (D-GA), U.S. Senator
John Sherman Cooper (R-KY), U.S. Senator
Hale Boggs (D-LA), U.S. Representative
Gerald Ford (R-MI), U.S. Representative
Allen Welsh Dulles, former Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
John J. McCloy, former President of the World Bank

...in 1908, the first (production) Model T Ford was assembled in Detroit, Michigan at the Ford Motor Company Piquette Avenue Plant. The Tin Lizzie revolutionized the automobile industry as economies of scale allowed Ford to continue to reduce the price of the beloved flivver. 15 million Model T's were built between 1908 and 1927. An international poll named the Model T the most influential car of the 20th Century.

http://www.hfmgv.org/EXHIBITS/showroom/1908/touring.jpg
1908 Model T Touring

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 50 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1957, Leonard Bernstein's groundbreaking West Side Story opened on Broadway at the Winter Garden Theatre. Although it initially was not widely accepted, it was undoubtedly Bernstein's greatest work. Even though it featured Bernstein's haunting melodies and lyrics by Steven Sondheim, the play opened to mixed reviews. West Side Story won two Tony Awards for set design and Jerome Robbins' choreography. The interacial conflict of the story made many people uncomfortable in light of the trouble in Little Rock, Arkansas the day before. It was made into a movie in 1961 that won 10 Oscars and launced the career of Natalie Wood. Bernstein's retelling of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet is still widely performed today.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b3/West_Side_Story_Poster.gif

...in 1910, William Crapo "Billy" Durant lost control of his ambitious effort, the huge General Motors. In an attempt to regain control, he partnered with race driver, Louis Chevrolet, and founded Chevrolet Motors. Within five years, Durant and Chevrolet took control of GM by adding Chevrolet Motor Division to the umbrella. In 1920, he lost it all again, anyway.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a7/Williamcrapodurant.jpg/200px-Williamcrapodurant.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Louis_Chevrolet_in_a_Buick_s055205.jpg/250px-Louis_Chevrolet_in_a_Buick_s055205.jpg
Two automotive pioneers, Billy Durant (left) and Louis Chevrolet

...in 1960, the very first televised Presidential debate was held. It marked the beginning of television's domination of Presidential elections in the future. Nixon had just been released from a two week stay in the hospital after a serious knee injury. Kennedy was well groomed and alert while Nixon appeared haggard. His wrinkled suit and 5 o'clock shadow didn't help any, and he refused make-up, a decision he later regretted. According to the Museum of Broadcast History, Nixon won the debate as heard by radio listeners. Television viewers, however, gave an overwhelming victory to Kennedy. To this day, appearances count, perhaps too much. Nixon refused to appear on television in the 1968 and 1972 elections, which he won.

...in 1982, the second talking car on television debuted with David Hasselhoff playing second fiddle to a Pontiac Firebird, modified to be KITT, an acronym for Knight Industries Two Thousand. Knight Rider also featured William Daniels' distinctive voice as the (uncredited) voice of KITT. The show ran for four seasons before it got a little silly and was canceled. (The first talking car was in the awful Jerry Van Dyke series, My Mother The Car.) A revival of Night Rider was attempted in 2008, using a tricked-out Mustang GT, but today's audience might be a little too sophisticated for 1980's schtick and the show was canceled.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/31/Knightlogo.png
The Original Title Card

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 46 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1957, 9 African-American Students on their way to their first day at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas were escorted by a 1,200 man task force of Army regulars. Two days before, the "Little Rock Nine" had been denied access to the school, in defiance of the order of the Federal Court as they had come face to face with over 1000 angry whites. This was the first implementaion of desegregation after the landmark Brown v. Board of Education decision of 1954. T. The next day President Dwight Eisenhower called out the 1,200 man 327th Airborne Battle Group out of Fort Campbell, Kentucky to escort the nine students to school. A power showdown between President Eisenhower and Governor Orval Faubus and it gained international attention. Eisenhower also mobilized the 1,000 man Arkansas National Guard, taking the unit out of the hands of the governor. A military presence remained in the school for the entire school year, prompting Melba Pattillo Beals, one of the "nine," to say, "After three full days inside Central, I know that integration is a much bigger word than I thought."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a6/LittleRockHS1957.jpg

...in 1789, Congress approved 12 amendments to the newly passed Constitution and sent them to the 13 states to be ratified. The amendments were written by James Madison to guarantee the citizens the right to assemble, bear arms, freedom of speech and press, freedom to particiapte in any religion (note, there is no verbiage that guarantees freedom from religion) the right to redress grievances with the government, the right to a speedy trial by a jury of peers, nor to provide witness against oneself, private property rights preventing the quartering of military and unreasonable searches, it prohibits excessive bail and excessive fines as well as cruel and unusual punishment. The Bill of Rights also distributes governing power to the states and individuals. The first two amendments were not initially ratified. The first included a system of population driven representation and was never ratified. The second required an election cycle between the time Congress voted a pay raise and the time it took effect. That amendment was ratified - 200 years later in 1992.

...in 1775, Ethan Allen was captured by the British after aborting a badly planned attack on Montreal. He was taken to Britain to be executed, but the execution was delayed for fear of reprisals from the colonies. He was returned during a prisoner exchange in 1778. Allen was from Vermont, which had already declared itself an independent republic, free of British rule. After his return, he was made a Major General in the Vermont militia, and he was a hero of the revolution. When it was all over, Vermont remained an independent republic and was not admitted to the union because the lands were claimed by New York, Massachusetts and Connecticut. Vermont went so far as to negotiate with Canada to return to the British crown. Allen died on his farm in 1789, a citizen of the Republic of Vermont. Two years later, Vermont gave up its status as a nation and joined the United States as the 14th state.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Fort_Ticonderoga_1775.jpg
Ethan Allen demanding the surrender of
Fort Ticonderoga.

...in 1959, President Dwight Eisenhower sat down with Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev for two days of talks after Krushchev's whirlwind tour of the US. Other than being enraged over insulting comments by the president of 20th Century Fox and throwing a tantrum because he was not allowed to visit Disneyland, Eisenhower and Krushchev reportedly accomplished much in understanding each other's goals and motivations. Unfortunately, it was all crushed in May of 1960 when Francis Gary Power's U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union and the tension of mistrust came between the leaders.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/29img1bh.jpg
President Eisenhower and
Nikita Khruschev at Camp David.


...in 1965, the Kansas City A's started Satchel Paige at pitcher in a game against the Boston Red Sox. He was reportedly 59 years old. A legend on the mount and arguably the greatest pitched who ever lived, he allowed only one hit in three innings pitched. Leroy Page was (supposedly) born on July 7, 1906 in Mobile, Alabama, but that date is not firm. His mother changed the spelling of their name to Paige to distance herself from Leroy's abusive father. He earned the nickname "Satchel" while working as a luggage handler at the Mobile train station. He was arrested at the age of 12 and sent to reform school, a lucky break, because that is where he learned to pitch. His natural ability and talent allowed him to turn pro when he was released from the school. He played in the Negro Leagues before Bill Veeck picked him up in 1948, to play for the Indians at the age of 42. In 1965, he became the oldest pitcher to every play in the majors. Prior to the game, he sat in a rocking chair in the bullpen while a nurse rubbed liniment into his arm - and it was done where everyone in the stadium could see the stunt. He retired everyone he faced, except for the great Carl Yastremski who hit a double. Satchel said his secret was to "...jangle along loosely to keep the juices flowing..." and to "...avoid fried foods which angry up the blood." Paige was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1971.

http://www.freewebs.com/baseballhound/photos/paige.jpg
"Ain't no man can avoid being born average, but there ain't no man got to be common."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 33 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1938, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt wrote a second letter, in a two day span, to German Chancellor Adolph Hitler. In his letter, he pleaded with Hitler to not invade the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia and FDR added that a need for a peaceful settlement was in order. Hitler needed the industrial and natural resources that the Sudetenland offered, and Hitler claimed that Germany had a right to the Sudetenland, based on the "shameful way" (Hitler's words) Germany was treated in the Treaty of Versailles that ended the first world war. Hitler and his supporters believed the Sudetenland was, in fact, a part of Germany and he was simply trying to reunify the peoples. No matter what pleas were made, nor negotiations offered, Hitler invaded the Sudetenland in May 1939 anyway. Pay heed, those who believe it is possible to negotiate with a despotic madman.

...in 1928, the cornerstone was laid for the new Henry Ford Museum and Edison Institute, next door to the Ford Motor Company Engineering Department in Dearborn, Michigan. Henry Ford had been deeply stung by the way the press had ridiculed him during his famous libel suit against the Chicago Tribune. The Trib's lawyer was trying to prove Mr. Ford to be an "ignoramous" as the newspaper had called him, resulting in the lawsuit. When asked if he knew who Benedict Arnold was, Ford answered, "A writer, I think." He confused the Revolutionary War with the War of 1812, but chided the lawyer by saying, "I don't have room in my head for such nonsense. If I need that information, I can press a button on my desk and be surrounded by people who have all those answers." He later told the court, "I've always thought history was more or less bunk." The press treatment of him cut deeply, and he vowed to avenge the ridicule. He did so by founding the museum that bears his name. The main building is an exact duplicate of Independence Hall, right down to a 4" error the Philadelphia architect of Independence Hall had made in window placement. Today, "The Henry Ford" is the blanket name for the complex that is officially known as The Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village.

http://l.yimg.com/a/i/travel/tg/lp/8d/500x500_8d0a3f348ba2514e4628341ecf219c12.jpg http://www.ushistory.org/tour/gifs/independencehall.jpg
Henry Ford Museum, Dearborn, Michigan and Independence Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

...in 1959, Vice-President Richard M. Nixon escorted Soviet Premier Nikita Krushchev to the airport as he prepared to return to Russia. Nixon and Krushchev had locked horns earlier, but on this day, the two men seemed to get along quite well. Krushchev was sent off with a 21 gun salute and a US Marine Band playing the Star Spangled Banner and the Internationale. He then boarded a Russian aircraft and returned home after his two week, whirlwind tour of the United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Dwight_Eisenhower_Nikita_Khrushchev_and_their_wive s_at_state_dinner_1959.png/180px-Dwight_Eisenhower_Nikita_Khrushchev_and_their_wive s_at_state_dinner_1959.png
(L-R) Nina Khrushchev, Mamie Eisenhower,
Nikita Khrushchev and Dwight Eisenhower at
a state dinner in 1959.

...in 1915, First Lieutenant John Kipling, the only son of Rudyard Kipling, died in battle. He was reportedly cut down by machine gun fire and his body was never found. Rudyard Kipling, the winner of a Nobel Prize for literature, is best known for his children's novel The Jungle Book although I fondly remember a mongoose named "Riki Tiki Tavi." (A recent British television production told the story, starring Daniel Radcliffe, best known for portraying Harry Potter, as John Kipling.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/00/My_Boy_Jack.jpg/200px-My_Boy_Jack.jpg
Daniel Radcliffe (best known as Harry Potter)
portrayed Jack Kipling, the only son of writer
Rudyard Kipling. The movie was based on a play
that was based on a poem Kipling wrote about
his son.

...in 1964, the report of the Warren Commission was released after a 10 month investigation. The Commission had been appointed to investigate the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, headed by Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren. The report concluded that President Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald, who acted alone. The report also concluded that Jack Ruby, the nightclub owner who shot and killed Oswald, had no prior contact with Oswald. The report also concluded that Oswald pumped three shots from a window on the 6th floor of the Texas School Book Depository in Dallas. The report did little to quell conspiracy theorists who continue to discuss the assassination that happened almost a half a century ago. (In 1978, a House Select Committee on Assassinations agreed with the Warren Report that Oswald fired the fatal shots, but the HSCA also concluded that President Kennedy was probably assassinated as a result of a conspiracy that may have involved organized crime and multiple shooters. Both findings are widely disputed.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Warren_commission_cover.jpg/200px-Warren_commission_cover.jpg
The title page of the Warren Report
including the signitures of the members,
Earl Warren, Richard Russel, John Sherman
Cooper, Hale Boggs, Allen W. Dulles,
John J. McCloy and Gerald R. Ford.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 25 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1929, Chicago Federal District Attorney, SEQ Johnson, met with a young and unkown prohibition agent at 4:00 PM. The young agent had an idea of a way to clean up Chicago and bring down the huge empire that had been built by a ruthless gangster, named Al "Scarface" Capone. Capone was running an empire that grossed an estimated $125 million per year in illegal alcohol, racketeering, prostitution, drugs and beer. Capone was able to operate with impunity because he spent $25 million per year in graft, paying off police, federal agents, judges and local politicians to keep the alcohol flowing. The young agent had an idea of a small unit of agents, hand picked and above reproach, agents who would never accept a bribe and would be dedicated to bringing down the empire that "Scarface" had built. The District Attorney approved the plan and Eliott Ness, with 11 hand-picked agents, began a journey down a dangerous path. He was the target of several failed assassination attempts. The task force returned bribe money to the gangsters, and a press conference was held to announce that they could not be bribed. A newsphoto caption called them "untouchable" and a headline writer coined the phrase, "The Untouchables." Ness and The Untouchables destroyed breweries and equipment, confiscated millions of dollars worth of trucks and machinery, and poured millions of gallons of beer down the sewers of Chicago. While the Volstead Act was unpopular and a dumb idea from the start, it was the law of the land and Ness accepted it as his duty to enforce it. (The Volstead Act had been vetoed in 1919 by President Wilson but was overridden the same day.) The Untouchables essentially shut down Capone's operations by crushing his breweries and distilleries, turning Chicago into a dry town.

The Untouchables have become famous in television and movies, but it was Federal Tax Laws that finally got Capone imprisioned for Income Tax Evasion. Capone died in federal prison in 1947 from complications of venereal disease that he contracted in one of his own houses. Ness died quietly in 1957, but not until after he had written his story in a book called The Untouchables. The Volstead act was repealed in 1933 with the ratification of the 21st Amendment, bringing an end to one of the most lawless and violent periods of American history. (The Untouchables were broken up after Capone was imprisoned and Ness went to Cleveland to enforce distillation rules in the hills of Ohio, Kentucky and West Virginia. In the 1950's, he retired from government work and was working in private industry when he died of a heart attack at the age of 54.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Eliotness.jpg/150px-Eliotness.jpg
Eliott Ness

...in 1066, William the Conquerer, formerly the Duke of Normandy, led an invasion force into England, to defeat King Harold II in the Battle of Hastings. The victory started a new chapter in British history. On Christmas Day, 1066, William was crowned the King of England, a position he believed was his by birthright. It ended the reign of the Anglo-Saxon kings and began the rule of the Norman kings. French became the language of the court, and when combined with the olde Anglo-Saxon language, gave rise to "modern" English. (William was the great-nephew of King Ethelred the Unready, which has nothing to do with this story but I love the name.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/William1.jpg
William the Conquerer

...in 1941, Ted Williams went 6 for 8 in a double header against the Philadelphia A's, ending his season with a .406 batting average. He was the first to hit over .400 for a season since Bill Terry accomplished the feat in 1930. Williams might have been even better, but he took three years off to be a fighter pilot in WWII, and another year off to fly combat missions in Korea as the wing man to John Glenn, who also went on to some fame in the 1960's flying a space capsule before becoming a Senator from Ohio. Williams was also an accomplished hunter and fisherman, especially fly fishing. He was a spokesman for Sears & Roebuck sporting goods for many years. While on a hunting trip, Williams heard a strange noise on the roof of his cabin. As he headed outside to see what was amiss, instead of a rifle, he picked up a baseball bat. There was a wildcat on the roof that jumped to attack Williams, but the cat made the mistake of jumping high and on the outside corner. Williams also won the American League Triple Crown - twice - in 1942 and 1947. (Highest batting average, most RBIs and most home runs. He was also the American League Most Valuable Player in 1946 and 1947. And then...

...in 1960, Ted Williams hit a home run in his last at bat before retiring. He once said his goal in life was "...to be able to walk down the street and have people say, 'There goes the greatest hitter who ever lived.'" Many baseball fans would say he accomplished that goal.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/ted_cover.jpg
Ted Williams, Opening Day 1947
Williams is regarded as the greatest
hitter to ever play the game.

...in 1965, Jack McKay reached an altitude of 55.9 miles and a speed of 3,731 mph in the X-15. McKay qualified as an astronaut, because his flight exceeded an altitude of 50 miles, considered "space" in the United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/X-15_in_flight.jpg/300px-X-15_in_flight.jpg
The North American Aviation X-15

There were three X-15 rocket-powered aircraft built that flew 199 missions before the two remaining were retired - the third crashed and burned. The flights of the X-15 aided space research and design of both air and space craft. (In 1962, Neil Armstrong, who would later go on to some fame flying a moon lander, flew an X-15 at 3,989 mph. In all, Armstrong flew 7 missions in the X-15 but it took a Saturn V rocket to get him into space.)

...in 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming (Aug 6, 1881 - Mar 11, 1955) discovered penicilin, quite by accident. As he later said, "When I woke up just after dawn on September 28, 1928, I certainly didn't plan to revolutionize all medicine by discovering the world's first antibiotic, or bacteria killer but I guess that was exactly what I did." Fleming was a brilliant man but organizationally challenged, in fact, his lab was usually in disarray. He returned from a vacation only to find that petri dishes, that he not cleaned before leaving, were growing out of control. He noticed that in one dish, staphylococci growth had been arrested, in fact, the staphylococci was eradicated. He was able to isolate an extract from mold that had grown in the dish, from the Penicillium genus, so he named the new agent "penicillin." It would take three more researchers about 15 years to zero in on the agent and learn how to mass produce it, but Fleming is credited as starting the era of modern antibiotics on this date in 1928.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/c0b730fa.jpg
The "miracle cure" found lots of uses.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 52 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1982, Mary Keelerman, a 12 year old girl in Elk Grove Village, Illinois, took an Extra-Strength Tylenol capsule and died later that same day from cyanide poisoning. (Elk Grove is a western suburb of Chicago and is very close to the home office of The Pampered Chef.) In all, seven people would die from taking the tampered product, sending a shock wave across the country. Johnson & Johnson, makers of Tylenol, immediately recalled all Tylenol capsules and offered a $100,000 reward for information leading to the arrest of the Tylenol Terrorist. It was determined that the product had not been tampered with at the factory, meaning someone had taken the product from the shelf, injected the poison, and returned it to store shelves. The recall and relaunch of tamper-proof product cost Johnson & Johnson over $100 million and pundits said it would be the end of the line and the maker would never recover. The massive PR effort worked, however, and within a year, J&J's image was pretty much back to where it had been. The perpetrator was never caught and prompted all the tamper-proof packaging we are familiar with today.

http://i.cdn.turner.com/trutv/trutv.com/graphics/photos/terrorists_spies/terrorists/tylenol_murders/1-2Mary-Kellerman,-12,-vict.jpg
Mary Kellerman, the
first victim of the so-called
Tylenol Terrorist.

...in 1547, near Madrid, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, El Príncipe de los Ingenios (The Prince of Wits) was born. Cervantes was the son of an apothocary and a minor noble. He tried his hand at many professions, he was a Spanish soldier that took three bullets in battle against the Turks, was kidnapped by Barbary pirates and held for ransom for five years, and was later jailed when his accounting was suspicious when acting as a tax collector. It was while in prison that he conceived the character, Don Quixote de la Mancha. His epic novel about the penniless idealist, Don Quixote, who lived by the code of the past, is considered to be the first modern Western novel. Originally thought just to be a satire, Don Quixote is actually a deep study of the human condition and is considered by many to be one of the greatest novels ever written. (The novel inspired the 1964 Broadway musical, Man of La Mancha that earned a Tony for Richard Kiley and featured the haunting melody, The Impossible Dream.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Gustave_Dor_-_Miguel_de_Cervantes_-.jpg
From Don Quixote, Part 1, Chapter 1
"A world of disorderly notions, picked
out of his books, crowded into his
imagination"

...in 1965, WLVT-TV (Ch 39) in Allentown, Pennsylvania (PBS) began broadcasting.

...in 1880, the Polo Grounds in New York was the location of the first professional baseball game, between the New York Metropolitans, who beat the Washington Nationals 4-2 in 5 innings. There were actually four stadiums in New York that bore the name, "Polo Grounds." The one referred to here was the first one that was built, originally for polo and was the only one of the four to actually be used for polo. It was not the official name, either, it was simply referred to as "the polo grounds" by the local press and the name stuck. This one was located just uptown from Central Park, on 110th Street between 5th and 6th Avenues, in fact, just across from Central Park.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Polo_Grounds_original.JPG/275px-Polo_Grounds_original.JPG
Opening Day, 1886

...in 1954, in the 8th inning of Game 1 of the World Series between the New York Giants and Cleveland Indians, Vic Wertz hit a fly ball over 400 feet into center field. Running full speed, Willie Mays, the "Say Hey Kid" caught the ball over his shoulder, his back to the infield, robbing Wertz of an extra-base hit. He turned and fired the ball to the infield, preventing the runners from advancing and preserving a tie game. (The Giants would win the game and sweep the series.) It has been called the greatest catch in baseball history, and when asked about it, Mays said, "I don't rank 'em, I just catch 'em." It might not be the greatest ever, but since it was in New York, on television, and in the World Series, it does receive high praise. See it here on YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7dK6zPbkFnE).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/06/The_Catch.png
"The Catch."
This photo is copyrighted
and is used here under the "Fair Use"
provision of the copyright law to only
illustrate the article about Mays.

...in 1988, a Portland, Oregon woman the first American woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest. Stacy Allison reached the 29,035 foot peak, the highest point on earth, by following the southeast range route. The peak is part of the Himalayas in Asia between the Nepal and Tibet. It is called, "Chomo-Lungma" (Mother Goddess of the Land) by the Tibetians, sometimes shown as Mount Qomolangma. The Chinese argue the peak should no longer be called by its English name, as "Qomolangma" appeared on Chinese maps nearly 300 years ago. The English named it Everest after Sir George Everest, the British surveyor who mapped Asia in the 19th Century. Several failed attempts to climb Everest from the north were made in the 1920's and 30's but in 1950, the northern routes were closed after China took over Nepal. The first to reach the summit was New Zealand explorer, Edmund Hillary, along with Tenzeng Norgay of Nepal, in May 1953. [Editor's Note: This was 5-1/2 years after the birth of Hillary Rodham, and since no one knew who Hillary was before his ascent of Everest, makes her claim to have been named for him rather suspicious.] Stacy Allison was not the first woman to make the climb, but her achievement is still noteworthy as about two dozen people have perished trying to make the climb, 15 in 1996 alone, which inspired Jon Krakauer's book Into Thin Air.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/9654-450.jpg
Stacy Allison on the summit of
Mount Everest, Sept 29, 1988

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 53 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1955, James Dean died in his Porsche 550 Spyder, named Little Bastard, in a head-on collision. He was on his way to a race in Salinas, California with his mechanic, Rolf Wuetherich, when they collided with a car driven by Donald Turnaspeed, a college student. Dean was born in Marion, Indiana in 1931, studied drama at UCLA then moved to New York where he appeared in television productions. His break came in the movie, East of Eden when he reportedly beat out Paul Newman for the part of Cal Trask. Dean had starred in three films that were released in 1955, East of Eden, Rebel Without a Cause and Giant. He was nominated, posthumously, for two Academy Awards for East of Eden and Rebel Without a Cause. It was the first time an actor had been nominated posthumously for an Oscar. He is buried in Fairmount, Indiana where fans continue to visit his grave, 53 years after his death.

http://www.car-accidents.com/2007-crash-pics/james-dean-car-crash-07.jpg
The wreck was purchased by Spyder owners who removed the drive train
for spare parts and they sold the body. The car was never driven again, contrary
to popular myth.

...in 1927, Babe Ruth hit the 60th home run of his season, off Tom Zachary,
setting the Major League record that would stand until Roger Maris hit 61 in 1961.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ruth1921.jpg/200px-Ruth1921.jpg
Babe Ruth in 1921

...in 1954, the world's first nuclear submarine, the USS Nautilus was commissioned by the US Navy. The Nautilus was built under the watchful eye of Russian-born engineer, Hyman G. Rickover, who began work on nuclear powered submarines in 1947. The Nautilus was capable of long voyages while submerged and set numerous records, including being the first vessel to sail under the polar ice cap and over the North Pole. It was decommissioned in 1980 and is now on display at the Submarine Force Museum in Groton, Connecticut.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/nautilus2.jpg
The USS Nautilus

...in 1962, James H. Meredith was escorted by US Marshalls on to the campus of the University of Mississippi, which set off a deadly riot. Two men died before the racial tensions were cooled by 3,000 federal troops. Meredith, an African American, enrolled and was accepted at Ol' Miss but the registration was revoked by the registrar when he learned of Meredith's race. The next day, the office was blocked by Mississippi Governor Ross Barnett. On Sept 28, Barnett was found guilty of contempt and was ordered to open the campus to Meredith, a transfer from Jackson State College. He graduated from Ole Miss in 1963 with a degree in Politcal Science.

http://www.olemiss.edu/depts/afro_am/African_American_Presence/Design/Assets/images/1960Meredith2copy.png
Flanked by US Marshalls, James Meredith
attends his first day of classes at Ole Miss.

...in 1965, Don Drysdale, pitcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers, won his 13th straight game. He went 23-12 for the season, and during his 13 game winning streak, 7 were by shutouts. Drysdale attended Van Nuys High School and one of his baseball teammates was Robert Redford. Herbie, in the Disney movies about the racing Volkswagon, wore number 53 because it was the same number Drysdale wore for the Dodgers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Drysdale.png/200px-Drysdale.png
Don Drysdale (1936-1993)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 36 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1965, France performed an underground nuclear test at Ecker Algeria and joined the nuclear club.

...in 1890, Congress passed legislation to create Yosemite National Park, at the urging of John Muir. The bill was signed by President Benjamin Harrison to create the third national park.

http://www.nps.gov/yose/historyculture/images/john.muir.rock.2-web_1.jpg
John Muir was born in Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland
and emigrated to Portage, Wisconsin. He was educated at
the University of Wisconsin, then went to Canada and
worked his way to Calfornia, where her pursued his
conservation endeavors.

...in 1961, Roger Maris hit his 61st home run to break the 34 year old record set by Babe Ruth.

http://dunningrb.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/maris.jpg?w=240&h=300

...in 1946, sentences were passed in the Nuremberg trials. 12 Nazis were sentenced to death, including Hermann Goering of the Gestapo. Others were sentence to prison for terms of 10 years to life. The tribunal was made up of representatives from the United States, USSR, France and Great Britain and lasted 10 months.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuremberg-1-.jpg/776px-Nuremberg-1-.jpg
Front Row, L to R: Hermann Göring, Rudolf Heß, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Wilhelm Keitel
Back Row, L to R: Karl Dönitz, Erich Raeder, Baldur von Schirach, Fritz Sauckel

...in 1908, the car that put America on wheels was introduced, the Ford Model T. Ford Motor Company had used the alphabet to name their cars, begining with the Model A in 1903. The Model T was affectionately known as the Tin Lizzie and "flivver," and Americans bought the car in huge numbers. Henry Ford controled all production costs to keep the price down, in fact, to even lower the price and put the Model T within the reach of most Americans. For example, Ford specified the dimensions of wooden crates that vendors used to ship parts to Ford. When emptied, the crates were knocked down and made into floorboards. 15,000,000 Model T's were built when production ended in 1927 when it was replaced, not by a Model U, but the Model A as Henry said the New Ford was so revolutionary that they wiped the slate clean and started over. (The first Plymouth was named the Model U!)

http://www.speedace.info/automotive_directory/car_images/ford_model_t_henry.jpg
Henry Ford and his Model T

...in 1940, the first American superhighway opened in Pennsylvania, the Pennsylvania Turnpike. Skeptics were not impressed at the $70 million pricetag of the radical limited-access highway design, inspired by the German Autobahn, and derided the turnpike as a boondoggle. The Turnpike reduced travel time between Pittsburg and Harrisburg by three hours and was a rousing success.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Pennsylvania_Turnpike_1942_LOC.jpg
The Pennsylvania Turnpike in July, 1942

When it first opened, the route was known as "The Tunnel Highway" because of seven mountain tunnels. Six of the seven tunnels were built for the aborted Southern Pennsylvania Railroad in the 1880s, in fact, the highway followed much of the graded, but abandoned, railroad right-of-way. The tunnels went under seven tall hills that were a challenge to automobiles and trucks on US 30, the old Lincoln Highway. The tunnels went under Laurel Hill, Allegheny Mountain, Rays Hill, Sideling Hill, Tuscarora Mountain, Kittatinny Mountain and Blue Mountain. The highway was a divided, four lane limited access highway but the tunnels were only wide enough to accomodate two lanes. The resulting bottlenecks in the 1960s led to the "twinning" of Allegheny, Kittatinny and Tuscarora Tunnels, but Rays Hill, Laurel Hill and Sideling Hill tunnels have been bypassed. The tunnels still exist. While the Pennsylvania Turnpike had its initial detractors, it was a rousing success and it was the first link in what would eventually become the Interstate Highway System.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/787px-Rays_Hill_Tunnel_-_Andrew_Car.jpg
Rays Hill Tunnel being dug for the Southern
Pennsylvania Railroad in the 1880s. The railroad
was never completed, and the Turnpike followed
much of the right-of-way and used the tunnels.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/800px-Allegheny_Mountain_Tunnel_Wes.jpg
The Allegheny Mountain Tunnel was "twinned" in the
1960s to eliminate the traffic bottleneck caused by only
one tube carrying two, bi-directional lanes of traffic.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 34 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1985, Hollywood icon and leading man, Rock Hudson, died of AIDS at the age of 59. Many of his fans were shocked to learn that Hudson's gay life had been so well covered up. Born Leroy Harold Schere, Jr. in Winnetka, Illinois on November 17, 1925, his career as a heartthrob lasted over 25 years. He was a staple of romantic comedies in the 1950's and 1960's, then was a great success on television with NBC's popular McMillan and Wife. In 1984, while working on the television show Dynasty he was diagnosed with AIDS. The disease was kept secret until July 25,1985 when Hudson announced his treatment from Japan, where he had gone to undergo experimental therapy.

http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/31/61731-004-8ED8FD6B.jpg
Rock Hudson and Doris Day starred in Pillow Talk,
with Tony Randall, a 1959 romantic comedy that was a
smash hit. The team of Hudson, Day and Randall would
make two more of the genre, Lover Come Back and
Send Me No Flowers.

...in 1836, Charles Darwin returned to Falmouth, England aboard the HMS Beagle
after completing his five year mission to survey the Southern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. He
visited Brazil, the Galapagos Islands and New Zealand. He surveyed flora and fauna of all kinds,
and he compiled his knowledge into his book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural
Selection, or The Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. The work was eagerly
accepted into the scientific community but not so warmly in the religious
community. (That hasn't changed much since it was published in 1859.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Charles_Darwin_seated.jpg/225px-Charles_Darwin_seated.jpg
Charels Darwin (1809-1882)

...in 1780, British Major John Andre was hanged as a spy by the US Military for his part in the
Benedict Arnold case. Andre was captured with plans for West Point in his boot, that tied him to Arnold.
Arnold, meanwhile, took off for the British lines after he learned of Andre's capture.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/John_andre_loc.jpg/200px-John_andre_loc.jpg
Major John Andre (1750-1780)

...in 1965, the Los Angeles Dodgers beat the Milwaukee Braves
to clinch NL pennant. The Milwaukee Braves would play one more
game before the bums would abandon me for Atlanta, and break my
boyhood heart.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/06CountyStadium09-24-2000.jpg/225px-06CountyStadium09-24-2000.jpg
Milwaukee County Stadium was the
home of the Braves from 1953-1965 when
they followed the Milwaukee Hawks to
Atlanta.

...in 1962, Johnny Carson became the host of NBC's The Tonight Show. The show began in 1953 as a late night filler on the New York affiliate of NBC. The show later was fed to the network and was aired nationally in 1954. The host was Steve Allen, who placed more emphasis on comedy, including some great "Man on the street" bits with Tom Poston, Louis Nye, Dayton Allen and Don Knotts. (Dayton Allen was not related to Steve Allen, and was best known as a voice actor, as Phineas T. Bluster, Deputy Dawg and Heckyl and Jeckyl. You' might know him for saying, "Why Not?" in the form of "OOoooooooWhyyyyyyyy Nnnnnnnnnnnnnnottttt?") Steve Allen left the show in 1957, Jack Paar took over and made it into more of the talk format we know today. Paar was controversial, openly supported Fidel Castro and had a running battle with the NBC censors. After he was blipped out one time too many, he stomped out of the studio. Carson took over and never looked back, serving as the host for over 30 years.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Johnny_Carson_1965.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/21/Carnac.jpg/235px-Carnac.jpg
Johnny Carson (ca. 1966) and Carnac, the Magnificent

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 33 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1781, combined French and American forces at Glouster, Virginia, across the York River from Yorktown, where Lord Cornwallis was under siege. On September 28, 17,000 combined troops under the command of General George Washington and French General Marquis de Choisy on land and Admiral Count de Grasse arrived to encircle Cornwallis and lay siege. Up to this date, Conrwallis had access to Glouster, allowing foraging of plenty of food supplies. By capturing Glouster, the siege took full effect, forcing Corwallis to surrender two weeks later, effectively ending the Revolutionary War.

http://www.nps.gov/colo/images/yk_oldguard_2.jpg
The US Army Old Guard re-enacts the
battle of Yorktown on Yorktown Day each year.

...in 1912, a professional automobile race was held in, and around, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin. The race is significant because it was the first time a Duesenberg powered race car won a race. Frederick and August Duesenberg, automotive engineers who had emigrated to Iowa from Germany, dreamed of building automobiles but especially racing vehicles. Winning the Pabst Blue Ribbon Trophy on this day was their goal. In 1921, a Duesenberg won the 24 hour race at Le Mans, France, then in the 1920's, they set their sites on Indianapolis, winning the Indy 500 in 1924, 1925 and 1927. In 1926, E.L. Cord bought Duesenberg Motors and began to build the finest and most luxurious automobiles in the world, at their factory in Auburn, Indiana. The Duesenberg Model J is considered by many to be the finest automobile ever built, and might have been the source of the phrase, "It's a Duesie!"

http://content.lib.auburn.edu/cgi-bin/getimage.exe?CISOROOT=/eddier&CISOPTR=906&DMSCALE=100.00000&DMWIDTH=600&DMHEIGHT=600&DMX=0&DMY=0&DMTEXT=%20duesenberg&REC=1&DMTHUMB=1&DMROTATE=0

...in 1941, Sam Spade came to the silver screen in The Maltese Falcon with Humphrey Bogart portraying the hard-boiled private detective. Bogart was born in New York, the son of a surgeon, and he was following in his father's footsteps until he was thrown out of school for his bad behavior. He joined the navy and was injured in World War I. His upper lip was scarred an partially paralized, giving him the signiture lisp that was a favorite of impressionists. In 1935, Leslie Howard starred in a gangster play on Broadway called The Petrified Forest. Bogart played the heavy, a gangster named Duke Manatee. Warner Brothers bought the rights and brought Howard to play the part with plans to recast someone in the Manatee role. Howard told the Warners it was no deal, he and Bogie was a package deal. Although Bogart was widely respected for the role, he was assigned small roles from then on. He worked for John Huston in High Sierra and Huston then cast him in The Maltese Falcon. Bogart never looked back, starring in such favorites as Casablanca, The Big Sleep and Key Largo. He then met Lauren Bacall on the set of To Have and Have Not where the two fell in love. The sizzling chemistry between them onscreen makes it one of his most memorable films. He finally won an Oscar for The African Queen. He died of cancer in 1957 but he remains a cult favorite.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d9/TheMalteseFalcon3_sz175.jpg
This is the stuff dreams are made of.

...in 1863, President Abraham Lincoln proclaimed an official day of prayer and Thanksgiving on the fourth Thursday of November. In 1939, in an attempt to benefit merchants by extending the Christmas shopping period, FDR moved the holiday back one week. In 1941, FDR caved in to Congressional pressure to move it back. In the Bing Crosby-Fred Astaire movie, Holiday Inn, an animated turkey moves back and forth between the two dates, making fun of FDR's move of the holiday but the Friday after Thanksgiving remains the biggest shopping day of the year.

...in 1965, the Chicago Cubs tied a major league record by completing their third triple play of the season. The record for three in a season is shared by nine teams: 1882 Cincinnati Red Stockings, 1885 New York Giants, 1886 Brooklyn Grays, 1890 Rochester Rochesters, 1911 Detroit Tigers, 1924 Boston Red Sox, 1964 Philadelphia Phillies, 1979 Boston Red Sox and, of course, the 1965 Chicago Cubs.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 36 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1927, Gutzon Borglum began to blast rock away from Mount Rushmore, the beginning of a 12 year project to carve George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt on the face of the mountain. The sculpture was the idea of Doane Robinson, a South Dakota historian who thought the monument might be a good way to attract more tourism. He sculpted Washington as an egg with a plan to add the features later. Jefferson was supposed to be to the right of Washington, but the sculpting did not go well. Jefferson was cracked, so he was blasted off the mountain and Borglum sculpted him to the left side. Washington was completed in 1934, Jefferson in 1936, Lincoln in 1938 and Teddy Roosevelt in 1939. The project cost taxpayers about $1 million, mostly in federal dollars. Borglum continued to touch up the sculpture until his untimely death in 1941. There were some injuries in the 14 year project but no fatalities. Over two million tons of rock was blasted away from the mountain known to the Lakota Sioux as Six Grandfathers. Most people are not aware that the sculpture was never completed as planned. The figures were supposed to be sculpted to their waists, and a vault was supposed to have been carved behind the monument, where the story of the sculpture, the history of the United States and the biographies of the four presidents and Borglum. His descendents completed a scaled down version of the vault in 1998.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Air_Force_One_over_Mt._Rushmore.jpg/250px-Air_Force_One_over_Mt._Rushmore.jpg
Air Force One Over Mount Rushmore

...in 1957, the Soviet Union launched an unmanned satellite, Sputnik I. The launch shocked Americans and they were infuriated that the United States would let the Russians take the lead in technology. The launch also indicated that the Soviet Union was capable of reaching United States soil with a nuclear warhead. The Democrats blasted the Eisenhower Administration (Republicans, of course) for letting the US fall behind the Soviets. Eisenhower had the US launch Explorer I the following January, making January 31, 1958 the official start of the space race. (There are some reports that Eisenhower knew the Soviets were ready to launch, and could have beaten the Russians into space. The idea was that Eisenhower knew what would happen and would give the United States space program far more popular support than if the Russians had not been first.)

http://history.nasa.gov/sputnik/sputnik1.jpg
Sputnik 1 was about the size of a
beach ball and weighed a hefty 190 pounds.
It circled the earth in an elipitcal orbit and
simpley beeped telemetry signals. Despite its
simplicity, it launched the space race.

...in 1965, the Soviet Union launched Lunik (Luna) 7 in an attempt to reach the moon. The goal of the mission was a soft landing on the moon, setting the way for a planned landing by a manned spacecraft. There was a problem with attitude control before the planned retro burn, and the craft plummeted to the moon's surface at a high rate of speed. It was the tenth in a streak of continuous failures in the Soviet lunar program.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/USSR_Luna_lander_bus.jpg
Soviet Lunar Lander

...in 1955, Dem Bums finally won a World Series. When the Brooklyn baseball team began playing in the 19th Century, Brooklyn was a separate town, before it became a burough of New York City. Anyone from Brooklyn was referred to as a "trolley dodger" because of the criss-cross routes of streetcars there. The Polo Grounds even had tracks on either side of the stadium, so the team became known as the Trolley Dodgers, Soon the "Trolley" was dropped and Dem Bums have been the Dodgers ever since, even though they're in Los Angeles now. The Dodgers were called Dem Bums by the fans for years, probably because they lost the World Series to cross-town rivals, the Yankees, in 1941, 1947, 1949, 1952 and 1953. Dem Bums beat the Yankees in an exciting 7 game series that came right down to the wire. In fact, it was the only World Series the Brooklyn Dodgers won, because they lost in 1956, to the Yankees (of course) before moving to Los Angeles in 1957.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Sports/b2af602e.jpg
After decades of yelling, "Wait'll
next year!" 1955 became the year. It
was the only world championship won
by the Dodgers in Brooklyn.

...in 1931, President Herbert Hoover convened a meeting of thirty US business leaders for advice on how to reverse the economy that was spiraling downward. The stock market had crashed in October of 1929, and by 1931, the downward spiral of business and banking had started the country on the way to what would be known as The Great Depression. Some people called Hoover a "do-nothing" President and blamed him for the crash and doldrums. The seeds of the crash had been planted at the end of World War I with the Treaty of Versailles, that placed crippling terms on Germany. The ripples ran throughout the world economy. Meanwhile, in the United States, the free flowing "Roaring 20's" included people borrowing large sums of money to speculate on stocks. When money became tight and loans were called in, many people were ruined. The markets dropped and the downward spiral continued.

A victim of bad timing, Hoover is often regarded as one of the weaker presidents and his accomplishments are usually overlooked. He expanded civil service and instructed the Justice Department and IRS to go after gangsters and prosecute them for tax evasion, and despite the best efforts of Eliot Ness, it was the IRS that got Al Capone. Hoover set aside 3 million acres for national parks, doubled the number of veterans hospitals, began construction of the Boulder Dam (later renamed for him.) As Secretary of Commerce under President Harding, Hoover had put policies into place for traffic rules and automobile standards as he recognized the significant role of the automobile in American life. As president, he built the San Francisco Bay Bridge.

While Hoover could not have prevented nor caused the financial mess of the late 1920s, the sitting president traditionally becomes the scapegoat. While it is widely believed that Franklin Delano Roosevelt easily beat Hoover in the 1932 election because of the crash and the depression, Hoover's stand on prohibition did not help him any. Publicly, Hoover stated that Prohibition was "a noble experiment" but privately, was known to sometimes visit his friends at the Belgian embassy. Being foreign soil, he was able to enjoy a drink before going home. Hoover left office on March 4, 1933 and FDR was elected for an unprecidented 4 terms before his death in 1945. In retirement, Hoover continued to perform public service, advise presidents and write books. He died on October 20, 1964 in New York, at the age of 90.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Herbert_Hoover.jpg/245px-Herbert_Hoover.jpg
President Herbert Hoover
31st President of the United States

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 34 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1902, the King of Burgers was born in Des Plaines, Illinois. Ray Kroc was a natural salesman with a keen eye for an opportunity. After driving ambulances in World War I, Kroc came home to sell real estate and paper cups. In the 1930's, Kroc was intrigued by a machine that could make five milkshakes at a time, the Multimixer, and he bought the rights from the inventor to sell the machines. He was also intrigued by a restuarant in California, owned by the McDonald brothers, that kept buying Multimixers. He went to California to see it for himself. He was stunned at the assembly line appearance of the restaurant, and how quickly people could be served. The McDonald brothers built a building with white and red tile, golden neon arches over the building, and large canted windows. He convinced the McDonald brothers to let him market and expand the operation, and he opened the second McDonald's in Des Plaines, Illinois in 1955. By 1961, there were 228 McDonald's and after squabling with the McDonald brothers, he bought them out. When he died in 1984, there were over 7,500 outlets and today, there are over 31,000 McDonalds restaurants around the world.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/89c77f47-48e7-4b6d-9df5-8b6d8e3e8ed.jpg
The First McDonalds Museum in Des Plaines, Illinois. It is a faithful
reproduction of the original restaurant that was razed in 1984. This is a museum,
not a restaurant, but there is a McDonads across the street. The sign is original.

...in 1969, a most embarrassing incident occured at Homestead Air Force Base, near Miami, Florida. A Cuban defector, Lieutenant Eduardo Guerra Jimenez, was flying a Soviet made MiG-17as and landed at Homestead in order to defect. It was an embarrassment to Cuba for losing an aircraft and a citizen. It was embarrassing for the Soviets to lose an aircraft. It was more embarrassing to the Air Force to let a Cuban military craft penetrate American air space, undetected, and land at an Air Base where Air Force One was on the tarmac, awaiting the return of President Nixon. A new radar tracking facility soon went on line at Homestead.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/MiG.jpg
Rob Landry was stationed at Homestead AFB and took these photos of the Cuban MiG that landed there.

...in 1965, Chuck Linster, of Chicago, set a world record when he performed 6,006 consecutive push-ups. (6,006! I don't think I can even do six anymore!)

...in 1892, the notorious Dalton Gang made their last bank robbery attempt in Coffeyville, Kansas, when the townspeople stood up and shot back at them. The Daltons had led a life of crime that included cattle rustling and armed robbery of banks and trains. Emmet Daltton, riddled with 23 gunshot wounds, was the sole survivor of the ill-fated Coffeyville Raid. He returned 40 years later to warn thieves not to bother with a life of crime. "The biggest fool on earth is the one who thinks he can beat the law, that crime can be made to pay. It never paid and it never will and that was the one big lesson of the Coffeyville Raid," Dalton said there.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/mugshot1907.jpg
Emmett Dalton's Mugshot

...in 1947, President Harry Truman made the first televised Presidential address from the White House. He was asking Americans to help conserve food so American food resources could be sent to Europe in the Marshall Plan. Televiion was not widespread in 1947, and there weren't that many sets out there in the world. (FDR was the first to appear on television, but not as President, as Joe Biden once told us because he wasn't elected until 1932. FDR appeared on a broadcast from the Worlds' Fair in 1939 in an experiment, but it was Harry Truman who first addressed the American people on television, on this date in 1947.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Harry_Truman.jpg
President Harry Truman was the first
president to address the nation from the
White House.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 43 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1866, an innovation in crime was developed by Frank, William, Simeon and John Reno of Indiana. The Reno brothers were the first crooks to stop a moving train for the purpose of robbing it. They were all captured in 1868 but came to a sad end. Vigilantes stormed the jail and just outside Seymour, Indiana, they were hanged. Three days later, the rest of the gang was lynched from the same tree, in a place now known as Hangman Crossing, Indiana. (It's an unincorporated town on US 50 about 3 miles Southwest of Seymour.) Robbing a moving train was such an innovation that many others tried it, including a former cattle rustler who made train robbery into his specialty - Butch Cassidy and The Wild Bunch. Eventually, the railroads began to fight back, starting with safes ("Think ya used enough dynamite thar, Butch?") and armed guards, even specially armored rail cars.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Frankreno.jpg/180px-Frankreno.jpg
Frank Reno, thought to be the
leader of the Reno Gang.

...in 1926, Babe Ruth hit three home runs in the fourth game of the World Series against the St. Louis Cardinals. (In 1928, Ruth hit three home runs in the fourth game of the World Series against those same Cardinals.) Despite having a lineup that included the "Murder's Row" of Lou Gehrig, Earle Combs and The Babe, the Cardinals, powered by their own stars of Rogers Hornsby, Flint Rehm and Bill Sherdel, won the series in seven games. In 1977, Reggie "Mr. October" Jackson, also a Yankee, became the second man to hit three home runs in a World Series game.

...in 1959, the movie Pillow Talk opened, the first of three romantic comedies starring Rock Hudson and Doris Day. A popular singer with big bands, Day got her Hollywood break when she was called to replace Betty Hutton in the 1949 film, Romance on the High Seas. She was very popular and starred in dozens of films including Please Don't Eat The Daisies, Pajama Game and Hitchcock's The Man Who Knew Too Much with James Stewart. Day did not want to record Que Sera, Sera as a single, dismissing it as "...a silly children's song." She relented to record it, though, and it went on to win the Oscar for best song and the largest selling record of her career. Rock Hudson? You read about him on the October 2 update.

http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/31/61731-004-8ED8FD6B.jpg
Rock Hudson and Doris Day starred in Pillow Talk,
with Tony Randall, a 1959 romantic comedy that was a
smash hit. The team of Hudson, Day and Randall would
make two more of the genre, Lover Come Back and
Send Me No Flowers.

...in 1966, the breeder demonstration nuclear reactor at Fermi Laboratory in Monroe, Michigan, had a near meltdown. A sodium cooling system malfunction caused the partial meltdown. The accident was attributed to a zirconium fragment that obstructed a flow-guide in the sodium cooling system. Two of the 105 fuel assemblies melted during the incident, but no contamination was recorded outside the containment vessel.

...in 1965, the Supremes released I Hear a Symphony on the Motown label. It reached #1 on the Billboard chart for two weeks in November, 1965.

...in 1926, Auburn Cord Duesenberg began operation as E.L. Cord bought the Duesenberg Automobile Company of Iowa. A few days ago, we read about the engineering expertise of Fred Duesenberg, a German born emmigrant who loved designing large, powerful engines. Duesenberg powered race cars won the Indianapolis 500 in 1924 and 1925, after winning the 24 hour Leans race in 1921. ACD built the Duesenberg J, still thought of as one of the finest automobiles ever built.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Model_A/Clark_Gable_and_his_1935_Duesenberg.jpg
Clark Gable with one of two Duesenbergs he reportedly owned.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 46 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1913, Highland Park, Michigan was the location of the first automotive assembly line. Some time before that, Charles "Cast Iron Charlie" Sorensen tied a rope loop to a Model T chassis, looped it over his shoulders, and bulled the chassis across the floor as workers added parts to it, to see how an assembly line might work. Ford began to build magnetos on a moving assembly line instead of one man building one magneto. The line reduced assembly time from over 20 minutes down to five minutes. When the assembly line began building cars in 1913, assembly time of a Model T dropped from 12-1/2 hours to less than six hours. The result was also a lower-priced Model T, achieving Henry Ford's goal of building a car for great multitude. When the Ford Motor Company was producing a Model T every 24 second, the price dropped to $290. 15 million Model T' were built between October 1908 and May 1927, when it was discontinued. Today, the assembly line is a common sight but in 1913, it was a revolution.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/ford4.jpg
Model T bodies are mated to Model T chassis at the
body drop on the first assembly line.

...in 1949, the states of Germany that were trapped in the Soviet occupation zone, became the Democratic Republic of Germany. Neither democratic, nor a republic, the puppet state became better know as simply, East Germany. Otto Grotewohl was the Prime Minister and Wilhem Peck was the first President. East Germany was comprised of the states of Brandenburg, Lusatia, Thuringa and Saxony. The city of Berlin remained divided between east and west, even though it was deep inside East Germany. In some circles, East Germany was best known for some of the strongest, fastest and suspiciously un-feminine women athletes in world competitions and the Olympics. The country ceased to exist in 1990 when the Soviet Union dissolved and the states of East Germany were reunited with West Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/DDR_Verwaltungsbezirke_farbig.svg/350px-DDR_Verwaltungsbezirke_farbig.svg.png
The five German states were eliminated and the country was
split into 15 "Bezirke" (districts) in order to centralize
power under the politburo.

...in 1965, during a high wind, Robert Mitera hit a drive on the 10th hole of Omaha, Nebraska's Miracle Hills golf course. The ball got up into the wind and was carried 447 yards to the green where it fell into the cup. It was the longest hole-in-one ever recorded.

...in 1982, Cats opened on Broadway, based on stories by T.S. Elliot's Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats with music by Andrew Lloyd-Webber and lyrics by Trevor Nunn. (It opened on London's West End on May 11, 1981.) During its Broadway record run of 7,485 performances (it closed on September 10, 2000) it grossed over $400 million and played to over10 million people. (The record was surpassed on January 10, 2006 by another well-loved Andrew Lloyd-Webber play, The Phantom of the Opera.) The only number out of Cats that is even close to being a memorable and singable tune is Memories. The cast list reads with some interesting names, like Asparagus, Grizabella, Bustopher Jones, Rumpleteazer and (one of my favorites) Mungojerrie.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/30/CatsOriginalLondonCast.jpg
London original cast of Cats.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, no news.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we had37 X candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History... The Great Fires of 1871

What was the worst fire disaster in American history? I'll give you a hint, it happened on this date, October 8, 1871.

If you were to say the Great Chicago Fire, you would be wrong.

While the Chicago fire was a terrible disaster in terms of property loss, it also is proof of what good PR and a sympathetic media can do. There were no fewer than four major fires that fateful night, in Chicago, Wisconsin and Michigan. Some of them would burn out on October 9 and at least one would continue to burn for more than a week. When the conflagrations were over, businesses were ruined, thousands were left homeless, millions of acres of prime forestland was destroyed and more than 3,000 people perished, perhaps even more.

Conditions for disaster were perfect. It was a drought Summer and on the evening of October 8, a low pressure system over the central portion of the United States pushed southerly winds upward over Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan. The winds swept the fires northward and acted as bellows, fanning the flames to intense temperatures, in excess of 2,000º in many places.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/WER2002-10.jpg
Courtesy: Deana C. Hipke. The Great Peshtigo Fire of 1871. (http://www.peshtigofire.info/)

In Chicago, a fire began in the home of Patrick and Catherine O'Leary at 137 DeKoven Street. Popular legend has it that the fire started in O'Leary's barn when a cow kicked over a kerosene lantern, but there is no evidence to support the legend. The fire was contained primarily to the area that would later be known as The Loop, although it did jump the Chicago River and destroyed much of the city. When it was over, the fire consumed 17,450 structures, including homes and businesses, caused $200 million in property loss and caused the ruination of fire insurance providers.

250 souls perished in the fire, the death toll could have been much higher with an intense fire in such a densely populated area. (The first building to be rebuilt in downtown Chicago was a department store, built by Marshall Field who began construction before all the ashes were cool. The store still stands and is still in business, but for some reason that I will never understand, has been renamed "Macy's." Except for Mr. Field's building, in the name of historical interest only, I will never, set foot in a Macy's department store.)

In Eastern Michigan, fires in the "thumb of the mitten" in Huron, Sanilac and Tuscola Counites, destroyed the towns of Grindstone City, Huron City, Port Hope and White Rock. The Huron Fires destroyed over 40 square miles and killed over 50 people.

In Southwestern Michigan, fires raged around the city of Holland and later that night, hurricane force winds that were caused by the fires themselves (see Peshtigo Fire, below) moved into the city. Between 1 and 3 AM on October 9, most of the city of Holland was destroyed. 210 homes, 90 businesses, 5 churches, 3 hotels and boats were lost in the fire. Those who were covered by insurance never collected as most insurance companies were ruined by the weenie roast in Chicago. Miraculously, only one person, an elderly widow, died in the fire.

In Northwestern Michigan, fires surrounding the logging town of Manistee were whipped into firestorms by the same predominantly southern winds that affected the other fires in Michigan's Lower Peninsula and on the west shores of Lake Michigan. Manistee was perfectly prepared for disaster in the drought conditions, with stacks of wood on the docks, awaiting shipment. The town had many huge lumberyards with mountains of sawdust that were a result of sawyer operations. The winds whipped the fires into firestorms that, in turn, were whipped into greater winds caused by the great heat. Over 1,000 citizens were left homeless. Unlike the other fires that were blocked by large bodies of water, the Manistee fire burned out of control and headed east across Michigan, destroying well over 2,000 square miles of forest land. It left hundreds of people homeless and killed over 200 people before it was brought under control and extinguished on October 19.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/1871_FireMapv2.jpg

In Peshtigo, Wisconsin, the worst fire in North American history (http://www.peshtigofire.info/) occurred. When The Peshtigo Fire finally died out, it had destroyed 1.5 million acres (that's 2400 square miles) in northeastern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. All property in the path of the fire was destroyed and it claimed an unknown total of souls, estimated between 1,200 and 2,400. The total death toll will never be known because of uncounted itinerant lumberjacks and native Americans in the area, and numerous homesteaders that were not recorded after the census of 1870.

Conditions were perfect for the disaster, it was a dry summer with drought conditions. The last rain, just a trace, had been recorded on September 5. Because of the dry conditions, crews building the Chicago and Northwestern Railway line to Michigan walked off the job for lack of drinking water. No one is really sure how the fire started, but the area had been logged using a method called "slash and burn" where everything is clear-cut and the remains were burned in bonfires.

However it all started, several small fires were fanned by prevailing winds from the south, pushing the fires northward. Temperatures reached over 2,000º causing updrafts, literally, fire tornados. Survivors reported seeing funnels of fire carrying debris, structures and even railroad cars into the sky. Hurricane force winds were caused by the intense heat which, in turn, whipped the fire into an even hotter inferno. The firestorm even carried it across Green Bay, starting fires on the Door County peninsula.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/WER2002-08.jpg
Courtesy: Deana C. Hipke. The Great Peshtigo Fire of 1871. (http://www.peshtigofire.info/)

The citizens of Peshtigo and all the other communities in the path of the fire were helpless against the conflagration and it was nature that ultimately fought the fire. The fires quickly burned out the available oxygen in the atmosphere, sucking cool, fresh air down from Canada. The resulting torrents forced the fire back on to itself, driving it eastward toward Lake Michigan. Since the fire had already consumed everything, there was nothing left for fuel. When the fire reached the shores of Lake Michigan, it just died out.

Those who survived did so by climbing into the Peshtigo River or other bodies of water. Not everyone survived, many drowned and others suffocated because the fire consumed all available oxygen. Located remains were buried in a mass grave in the church cemetery. Bodies were either burned beyond recognition or there wasn't anyone left to make identifications.

The incredible heat left several strange scenes. The brass firehouse bell melted. Railroad cars were completely destroyed, leaving only iron trucks that were partially melted. Peshtigo's largest structure was wooden spoon factory. It was a five story affair, built with stone and masonry, said to be fireproof but it was reduced to rubble. At the hardware store, spoons were melted together into one solid mass.

It was the largest fire in American history, causing the greatest death toll and destroying the most property. Why is Chicago remembered but not Peshitgo? Chicago had newspaper reporters and access to telegraph lines to spread the story. Peshtigo had one telegraph line, and it was an early victim of the fire. The fire was forgotten for decades but the Peshtigo Fire is experiencing renewed interest as scholars are using modern technology to determine how it started and why it was so devastating.

The Marinette Eagle commemorated the fire on October 4, 1895:

On swept the tornado, with maddening rush,
Uprooting the trees o'er the plain, thro' the brush,
And the sky-leaping flames, with hot, scorching breath,
Gathered parents and children to the harvest of death.

As years roll along and the ages have sped
O'er the charred, blackened bones of the Peshtigo dead,
And the story is told by the pen of the sage,
In letter's immortal on history's page.
No fancy can compass the horror and fright,
The anguish and woe of that terrible night.

http://www.peshtigofire.info/images/museum1.JPG
The fire is commemorated at the Peshitgo Fire
Museum in Peshitgo, Wisconsin, in the first
church rebuilt after the fire. A mass grave is
located in the adjacent cemetery.
Courtesy: Deana C. Hipke. The Great Peshtigo Fire of 1871. (http://www.peshtigofire.info/)

There were other events this date. Alvin C. York single-handedly captured 132 German soldiers in 1918, Aleksander Solzhenitsyn was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1970, Don Larsen threw a perfect game in the 1956 World Series and in 1965, the BT Tower opened in London, the tallest building in England at the time. As important as those events are, they pale in comparison to the Great Fires of 1871.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 44 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1965, the Beatles' single, Yesterday went to #1 on the Billboard chart and stayed there for four weeks. It was the first song performed by only one member of the band, Paul McCartney, backed up by a string quartet. Although credited as Lennon-McCartney, the song is pure McCartney. Yesterday has the most cover versions of any song ever written, according to the Guinness Book of Records. The haunting melody remains popular today and has over 3,000 recorded cover versions. Broadcast Music Incorporated (BMI) asserts that it was performed over seven million times in the 20th century alone.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e5/Beatles-singles-yesterday.jpg/200px-Beatles-singles-yesterday.jpg
The B side of the platter was
Act Naturally, a rather odd juxtaposition
to the haunting melody of Yesterday.

...in 1635, Roger Williams was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for having the audacity to speak out against the ruling authority for punishing religious complaints and confiscating the lands of Native Americans. Having befriended the Naragansett Tribe, Williams moved and founded a new colony at the confluence of two rivers that emptied into Naragansett Bay. Several disgruntled colonists went with him, and seeing this as a sign from God, Williams named the new community "Providence." The new colony of Rhode Island became a haven for disidents like Williams, along with the first Jews to settle in North America, Quakers and others who were exiled from Massachusetts. Williams also founded the first Baptist church and wrote a dictionary of Native American languages.

...in 1942, Roger "The Terrible" Touhy escaped from the prison where he had been a guest of the State of Illinois. The bootlegger had been framed for the phony kidnapping of John "Jake the Barber" Factor, brother of Max Factor, and a notorious confidence man. Touhy was the son of a cop and ran a trucking company that fell on hard times in the depression. He realized he could make a pretty good living by brewing hihg quality beer and using his trucks to deliver it. He operated in the northwest suburbs and even sold his high quality beer to the Capone organization, but Al Capone tired of paying premium prices and wanted take over his operation. Touhy was one of the few independents who refused to be intimidated by Capone. He was convicted of the phoney kidnapping after being arrested by Daniel "Tubbo" Gilbert, the richest cop in the world. Touhy escaped but was soon recaptured. (There is far more intrigue in this story than we have time, or space, to tell here.) New evidence and a new trial released him from prison in 1959, but he died of gunshot wounds not long after being released. His last words were, "I've been expecting it. The bastards never forget." No arrests were ever made in his murder. (Touhy Avenue in Chicago is not named for him, the major thoroughfare was named for Patrick Touhy, the developer of Rogers Park, and the son in law of Phillip Rogers, an early settler in the area. Patrick Touhy, may, or may not, be related to Roger "The Terrible" Touhy.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/82/RogerTouhy.jpg/175px-RogerTouhy.jpg
Roger Touhy in his
FBI mugshot.

...in 1974, Oskar Schindler passed away. He was a member of the Nazi Party during World War II and owned am enamel-works factory in Poland. When the Jewish ghetto was liquidated and all Jews were to be shipped to concentration camps, Schindler presented a list to Nazi officials of 1,200 Jews that were essential to his operation. The Nazis transferred the people on the list to the forced labor camp at Plaszow, saving his labor force but, more importantly, saving those people from the death camps. In 1944, as the Nazis were retreating, the 1,200 were ordered to be shipped to the death camp at Auschwitz. Schindler, once again, appealed to the Nazi leaders, and at great personal risk, bribed the officials to allow him to relocate his factory to Czechoslovakia and take his 1,200 Jewish workers with him. At the end of the war, he was penniless but saved the 1,200 people from certain death. Thomas Keneally met a survivor and supporter of the Schindlerjuden, ("Schindler's Jews") Poldek Pfefferberg, and wrote a book based on Pfefferberg's story. The book was entitled Schindler's Ark which would later be renamed Schindler's List. Pfeffenberg had been trying to interest television and filmmakers in the story, but to no avail until Keneally published his book, ironically, published as a novel. Steven Spielberg told the story in his 1993 groundbreaking film, Schindler's List. After the theatrical run, NBC ran Schindler's List uninterupted, sponsored by Ford Motor Company. (The irony is that old Henry Ford had been a noted anti-semite, a position he recanted during World War II. Henry Ford died in 1947.) Schindler lived in Frankfurt after the war, all but destitute. No one knows what influenced him to save the 1,200 Jews, other than knowing them and appreciating them as people. He was often hissed at on the street as a traitor to his race. Oskar Schindler was commemorated as a "Righteous Person" at the Yad Vashem Holocaust Museum in Jerusalem, the only Nazi to be so recognized. He is buried in a Catholic cemetery on Mount Zion in Israel. (Oskar Schindler, nor any of his business ventures, are related to the Schindler Group, the huge Swiss conglomerate that includes Schindler Elevator in the United States.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/df/Oskar_Schindler.jpg
Oskar Schindler 1908-1974

...in 1992, a great meteor was observed by thousands of people as it streaked across Kentucky, West Virginia, Pennsylvania and New York before it crashed into the trunk of a 1980 Chevrolet Malibu, owned by Mrs. Michelle Knapp of Wells Street in Peekskill, NY. How would like to have been able to listen in on that call to the insurance adjuster?

http://www.todayinsci.com/Events/Meteor/MeteoritePeekskillCarThm.jpg
The Chevy Malibu that
took the meteorite hit
has toured the US,
Germany, Switzerland,
France and Japan.

...in 1930, Laura Ingalls landed in Glendale, California, completing the first solo transcontinental flight by a woman. Laura Ingalls? Yup, but not the one you're thinking of. This one was a record-setting aviator in the 1930's. She even served time for failing to register as a German agent during WWII, most certainly not the Little House Ingalls that lived in Wisconsin, Minnesota, South Dakota, Florida and Missouri.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0c/Ingalls_011.jpg/180px-Ingalls_011.jpg
Laura Ingalls in a 1934 publicity shot.
Photo courtesy of Hill Aerospace Museum (http://www.hill.af.mil/museum/history/ingalls.htm).

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 31 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 732, near Poitiers, France, Charles Martel led the Frankish army against the Spainish Moors in the Battle of Tours, halting the Muslim advance into Europe. Abd-ar-Rahman, the Muslim governor of Cordoba, died in the battle and as a result, the Moors retreated from Gaul, never returning as a large force. Martel was Catholic and an illegitimate son of Pepin, the ruler of the Franks. Pepin died in 714 with no heir, but Martin beat out Pepin's three grandsons to rule over the Franks. He expanded the Franks influence and drove out the Muslims. His son, named Pepin, became the first Carilingian king of the Franks while his grandson, Charlamagne (Karl der Grosse if you happen to be a German historian) built a vast empire across Europe. Charlamagne is considered, by some, to be the first king of what would become modern Europe.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Steuben_-_Bataille_de_Poitiers.png/300px-Steuben_-_Bataille_de_Poitiers.png
Charles de Steuben's Bataille de Poitiers en
Octobre 732 depicts a triumphant Charles Martel (mounted)
facing ‘Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi (right) at the Battle of Tours.

...in 1991, Joseph Harris, a former US Postal Service worker, went into the post office in Ridgewood, New Jersey where he shot two former co-workers to death. The previous evening, he had gone into the home of his former supervisor, Carol Ott, where he had stabbed her to death with a three foot long Samuri sword, then killed her fiance, Cornelius Kasten. After a stand off at the post office, he surrendered to police. The high profile incident was one of several disgruntled postal workers who turned to violence, adding the phrase, "going postal" to the American lexicon. In a ten year run from 1983 to 1993, there were no fewer than 11 violent rampages in United States Postal Service facilities. The worst was in Edmonton, Oklahoma where Pat Sherril killed 14 postal workers before he shot and killed himself.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/1986-post-office-killing-spree-statue.jpg/180px-1986-post-office-killing-spree-statue.jpg
A memorial was placed in
Edmond, Oklahoma for the
post office shooting there. Between
1986 and 1997, more than 40
people died in 20 cases of
workplace rage.

...in 1901, history was made in Grosse Pointe, Michigan. The Detroit Racing Club sponsored a race at the Grosse Pointe Race Track, with three entrants. One withdrew, the second was Henry Ford, entering his first race, and the third entrant was Alexander Winton. Winton had been building and selling automobiles from his factory in Cleveland, Ohio since 1897. He was widely known, in fact, the award for first place in this race was a crystal punchbowl that Winton had designed because "...it will fit into my collection at home." Three laps into the ten lap race, the Winton car began to smoke and was forced out of the race. Ford continued to run alone, completing the 10 lap race as the sole winner. It was reported that he jumped down from the car and said, "Well, I'm never going to do that again! I've never been so scared in my life." The nortoriety that he gained from the race allowed him to form the Ford Motor Company in 1903. (Winton continued to build automobiles, in fact, a Winton was the first car to complete a transcontinental drive in 1903, driven by Dr. Horatio Nelson Jackson. Winton stopped building automobiles in 1924 but continued to build stationary engines. Winton's company was absorbed into the EMD division of General Motors and still operates today.) How different the world might be if the Winton automobile had not broken down in the race that was held on this date in 1901.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Model_A/sweep.jpg
One of two replicas of Henry Ford's racing car, built for the Ford Centenial in 2003.

...in 1957, Bushville beat the Bronx Bombers to win the World Series. The Milwaukee Braves were not well respected, Milwaukee having been called Bushville by some of the New York Yankees, scornful of having to go to a small, midwestern town to play such an important series. The Yankees were managed by the legendary Casey Stengel, and manned by stars like Elston Howard, Yogi Berra and Mickey Mantle, even Tony Kubek who hailed from Appleton, Wisconsin. The Braves, however, had Lew Burdette, Warren Spahn, Bob Buhl, and a young outfielder named Henry Aaron, who had hit 44 home runs that year. When Spahn, scheduled to pitch the 7th game, came down with flu, Lew Burdette pitched the game on two days rest. Burdette was the series MVP, the first pitcher to be so honored since 1920, for winning three games in the seven game series. Opponents said that Burdette threw illegal spitballs. Burdette was known for fidgeting, touching his hat and face so much that Manager Fred Haney said, "He could make coffee nervous." No one was ever able to prove that Burdette doctored baseballs, but he continued his career, and was quite effective, well into the 1960's.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Model_A/bfdf_1.jpg

...in 1965, the "Vinland Map" was introduced by Yale University as being the 1st known map of America. It is believed to have been drawn about 1440 by the Norse explorer, Leif Eriksson. The debate continues as to whether the map is a fake or the real McCoy, or real Eriksson, as it were.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Vinland_Map_HiRes.jpg/300px-Vinland_Map_HiRes.jpg
The Vinland Map

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 36 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1923, two men jumped the engineer of Southern Pacific train #13, bound for San Francisco, in Tunnel 13 under the Siskiyou Mountains in Oregon, and ordered the train to stop. The train stopped with the engine and mail car outside the tunnel while the passenger cars were still inside the tunnel. A third man, carrying explosives to blow up the mail car for the purpose of robbing it, also climbed aboard. The bomb was too powerful, though, and the mail car was blown to smithereens. ("Think ya used enough dynamite, thar, Butch?") Sadly, the explosion also killed the clerk inside. The stunned robbers panicked, shooting and killing the engineer, fireman and brakeman before they fled, without their loot. They left clothing and a detonator but bloodhounds were unable to track them. The SPRR sent the evidence to Edward O. Heinrich, a criminology professor at the University of California in Berkeley and a real life Sherlock Holmes. He wrote back. "The overalls you sent me were worn by a left-handed lumberjack accustomed to working around fir trees. He is a white man between 21 and 25 years of age, not over five feet ten inches tall and he weighs about 165 pounds. He has medium light brown hair, a fair complexion, light brown eye-brows, small hands and feet, and he is rather fastidious in his personal habits. Apparently he has lived and worked in the Pacific Northwest. Look for such a man. You will be hearing more from me shortly." Heinrich had examined the clothes and determined that pine pitch was what police had taken for grease. He figured the wear on a button was caused by a left handed wearer. He also found a piece of paper than was part of a certified mail receipt - and he traced it all back to three brothers, twins Ray and Roy D'Autremont and Hugh, their little brother. All were arrested and sentenced to life in prison. It was one of 2,000 cases solved by Heinrich. His amazing career is documented in a book entitled The Wizard of Berkeley by E.B. Block, published by Coward-McCann in 1958.

http://i.cdn.turner.com/trutv/trutv.com/graphics/photos/criminal_mind/forensics/nutshell_studies/Edward-O-Heinrich200.jpg
Edward O. Heinrich was a criminology
professor at UC Berkeley and was known
for his uncanny ability to solve crimes
from seemingly invisible evidence. He was
reported to have solved 2000 crimes at
the time of his death in 1953.

...in 1939, the American Federation of Labor (AFL) announced that it was in opposition to American involvement in Europe. It wasn't really a surprise, most Americans were against the war and against US involvement, even President Roosevelt wished to remain neutral. The AFL was also announced a boycott of products from German, Japanese and Russian producers.

...in 1942, while the battle for Guadalcanal raged on, the American navy spotted a Japanese fleet on its way to reinforce their troops on Guadalcanal. The Marines landed in August in the first offensive assault of the war, embarking on the strategy of island-hopping to the Japanese homeland. The Japanese were dug into the island and continued harassing the Marines who were also facing dwindling supplies. The Japanese, meanwhile, were bringing in supplies and reinforcements at night, using something the Marines called "The Tokyo Express." In an effort to slow The Tokyo Express, the US Navy detected and sank the heavy cruiser Furutaka along with three destroyers. 110 Japanese sailors refused to be rescued by the Americans, preferring the honorable death by shark to capture by the enemy. They are listed as "Missing." 115 Japanese sailors were rescued as POWs. As the Navy continued to harass the Japanese, not many supplies or reinforcements made it to the island, and by Christmas, 1942, they left the island in defeat.

http://guadalcanal.homestead.com/2008photos/1942PICS/japanese_airdrop_basket__Box_57_50507.jpg
This Japanese air-drop basket was captured
on Guadalcanal. It was part of "The Tokyo Express"
that kept the Japanese garrison supplied.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/11/Japanese_cruiser_Furutaka.jpg/300px-Japanese_cruiser_Furutaka.jpg
The Furutaka was sunk on October 12 by
a torpedo during the Battle of Cape Esperance, in
support of the battle for Guadalcanal.

...in 1944, the Bogart and Bacall film, To Have and Have Not opened in New York. Bogart was a popular actor, mostly known for playing hard-boiled characters like Sam Spade and Rick Blaine. Lauren Bacall was a new actress, 25 years younger than Bogart. Chemistry knows no age, though, and the two fell in love instantly. The electricity between them shows up onscreen, making To Have and Have Not one of Bogart's more interesting films. Bacall's most famous line from the movie was actually added by director Howard Hawkes. He had written the line for her screen test, and she so impressed him that he added the line to the script. She turns and says to Morgan (Bogart) "If you need me, just whistle." She starts to leave the room, then turns and with The Look says, "You do know how to whistle, don't you Steve? You just put your lips together and blow." The line is listed as #34 in the American Film Institute's Top 100 movie lines.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/MV5BMTIxMjU0NzcyNV5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTY.jpg
Look at Lauren Bacall's eyes on Bogart. The heat between them
almost burns the film. The script was written by Nobel Prize winning
author William Faulkner, from a novel written by Nobel Prize winning
author Ernest Hemingway, the only film to have such a distinguished
staff of writers.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/c09f5794.jpg
19 year old Lauren Bacall made her film debut in
To Have and Have Not. Her sizzling sensuality
earned her the nickname, "The Look." Here, she
kisses Bogart and the following exchange occurs:
Morgan: What'd you do that for?
Slim: To see if I'd like it.
Morgan: What's the decision?
Slim: I don't know yet.
[She kisses him again, then stands.]
Slim: It's even better when you help.

...in 1965, Chris Spielman was born in Canton, Ohio. He was a stand-out high school football player at Massillon's Washington High School. (Interestingly, Canton and Massillon are both noted football powerhouses and intense rivals!) He was heavily recruited by colleges but chose Ohio State, and later was drafted by the Detroit Lions as the 29th overall pick. He also played for the Buffalo Bills and Cleveland Browns before retiring. He took off the entire season in 1999, to stay home with his children while his wife, Stephanie, was treated for breast cancer - even shaving his head to match her hair loss. Today, he hosts a local radio show, covers football for ESPN and he and Stephanie raise money for the Stephanie Spielman Fund for Breast Cancer Research.

http://tbn3.google.com/images?q=tbn:pJPPZEyodV5TAM:http://medicine.osu.edu/news/images/high_quality/Stef_Chris_Spielman.jpg
Stephanie and Chris Spielman

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 45 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1492, Christophorus Colombus (Anglicized as Christopher Columbus) arrived in the new world. He was the ulitmate politician: When he left Europe, he had no idea where he was going. When he arrived, he had no idea where he was. When he returned, he had no idea where he had been - and he made the entire trip with someone else's money.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Christopher_Columbus3.jpg/250px-Christopher_Columbus3.jpg
Depiction of Columbus landing in
the New World on October 12, 1492.

Columbus thought he had found a short-cut to India, but it was the travel journals of Amerigo Vespucci, published in 1502 that convinced mapmaker Martin Waldseemüller that Columbus had discovered a new continent. In 1507, Waldseemüller published a map of the world calling the new continent "America," the Anglicized spelling of Vespucci's name. It could have been worse. He could have called it "Vespucciland." The veneration of Columbus in the United States began in colonial days and "Columbia" was often bandied about as a name for the new nation. "Columbus" was given to the name of Ohio in 1812. The name "Columbia" was given to the capital of South Carolina and the District of Columbia for the nation's capital. There were several attempts to rename the United States for Columbus, but they all failed. "Columbia" is recognized as a female counterpart of the male Uncle Sam.

The celebration of Columbus reached it's peak on the 400th anniversary of the discovery, including the Columbian Exposition in Chicago (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index269.html#post597059) in 1893, albeit opening three months late. Descendants of Columbus had the family chapel in Spain dismantled and rebuilt in 1909, in Boalsburg (http://www.boalmuseum.com/), near State College, Pennsylvania. Columbus Day is still celebrated in many locations, and many cities, counties, towns and roads bear his name in the United States.

In South America, Colombia bears his name but in Venezuella, the reverence of Columbus Day was overturned by Hugo Chavez. Venezuella now calls October 12 Day of Indigenous Resistance and Chavez calls Columbus a tyrant. Statues have been toppled and defaced by left-wing activists. While there is some grumbling about Columbus in the United States these days, he is still recognized as the explorer who discovered the "New World" and made our lives here possible.


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tumba_de_Colon-Sevilla.jpg/431px-Tumba_de_Colon-Sevilla.jpg
The tomb of Columbus is in Seville Cathedral. His
remains are borne by the kings of Castille,
Leon, Aragon and Navarre.

...in 1810, Princess Therese von Sachsen-Hildburghausen married Bavarian Crown Prince Louis. The royal family invited the citizens of Bavaria to the celebration, held on the fields in front of the palace called, "Theresenwiese" (Therese's Fields) for the crown princess. (Today, the fields are just called "Wies'n." ) The party included horse races, and it was so much fun that the party repeated in 1812, and every year since then, with 24 exceptions. Since there was only one wedding, the party became known as "Oktoberfest" and is held each year from late September through the first Sunday in October. (Oktoberfest was cancelled in 1811 because of the Napoleonic War and again in 1914 through 1918 because of the World War. Oktoberfest has been cancelled 24 times because of war or national emergencies.) Of course today, as always, the guest of honor is "bier." Over 1,000,000 gallons of suds is consumed annually.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Wiesn2006_Luftaufnahme.jpg
Theresenwiese the day before the opening of Oktoberfest in 2006.

...in 1918, The Cloquet-Moose Lake fire raged through upper Minnesota, destroying 1,500 acres of forest and leaving thousands homeless. The area, north of Duluth, was all set for a disaster. It was a drought year and the land had been cleared by loggers. (You'd think they would have learned from the clear-cut program that was part of the fire that destroyed Peshtigo, Wisconsin almost exactly 47 years earlier.) 38 towns and villages were burned, 453 deaths were reported and 85 were seriously injured. 6,000 barns, 4,000 homes and at least 40 schools went up in flames. The fire caused about $100 million in damage to the area.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0b/Cloquet_Moose_Fires_map_P7120308_map.jpg
This map of the Cloquet-Moose Lake Fire area appears on a state plaque as a
historical marker on US 53, north of Duluth. The black areas indicate the fire damage.

...in 1938, production began on the MGM blockbuster The Wizard of Oz. The production was fraught with issues, starting with Sam Goldwyn first wanting Shirley Temple for the role of Dorothy. Shirley Temple's stock had been plummeting, so Judy Garland was given the role - she was the lowest paid of the performers and yet, was the star of the story. Buddy Ebsen, better known as Jed Klampett and Barnaby Jones, was a well-known hoofer who was given the role of The Tin Man, but an alergic reaction to the silver makeup almost killed him. It was released in 1939 to rave reviews (after its world premier in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index281.html#post673722)) and is still one of the top selling videos in the United States. It ranks 6th in the AFI's listing of America's top 100 films.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/71/Buddy_Ebsen_Tin_Man.jpg
Buddy Ebsen as the Tin Man. He
was actually cast as the Scarecrow, but
swapped parts with Ray Bolger, originally
cast as the Tin Man. Ebsen recorded all
his numbers and participated in rehersals
but after filming started, he experienced
cramps and shortness of breath. His alergic
reaction to the aluminum powder makeup
required hospitalization and Jack Haley
replaced him. MGM quietly replaced the
makeup with paste. Ironically, Ebsen outlived
all the other cast members.

http://h2one2.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/the-wizard-of-oz.jpg?w=300&h=225
The Cowardly Lion, Scarecrow, Toto, Dorothy and the Tin Man
set off to see the wizard and found everlasting fame instead.

...in 1940, silent film cowboy star, Tom Mix, died in a freak car accident in Arizona. While driving a 1937 Cord 812 Phaeton on US 80, a straight desert road. Mix came upon barricades, warning of a bridge washout over a gully. His head was crushed by an aluminum suitcase that flew off the rear seat on impact with the gully. The site is today on Arizona State 79, and the gully is called Tom Mix Wash. Mix appeared in 360 films between 1910 and 1935, most were westerns and all but 9 were silent. He was noted for his unique style of hat that is still referred to as a "Tom Mix Hat."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Tommixportrait.jpg/180px-Tommixportrait.jpg
Tom Mix, circa 1925

...in 2000,, members of Osama bin Laden's al Qaeda floated a rubber boat, loaded with explosives, up the side of the USS Cole in Yemen. When the smoke cleared, the Cole had a 40' x 40' hole blown in the side and seventeen sailors were dead. Al Qeada was at war with us, but we didn't know it, and didn't learn from this suicide bombing.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/aa65907d.jpg
The USS Cole being towed by a navy tug,
away from the scene of suicide attack. The damage to
the hull is clearly visible.

...in 2002, terrorists killed 202 people in Bali as a result of several bomb blasts. The mostly Hindu island has always been an island of tranquility and this was a surprise on many levels. A group called Jemaah Islamiah is thought to be behind the bombing, and the group is known to have ties to al Qaeda.

...in 1965, Per Borten became the Prime Minister of Norway. Borten was born in Flå in the municipality of Melhus in Sør-Trøndelag, and was educated Agriculturist from the Norwegian College of Agriculture in 1939. He started his political career serving as mayor of his home municipally, Flå, from 1945 to 1955. He was elected to the Norwegian parliament in 1949 and stayed there until his retirement in 1977. Borton was opposed to Norway joining the European Union.

http://www.adressa.no/multimedia/dynamic/00980/per_borten_980211k.jpg
Per Borten fotografert i 1979, åtte år etter at han gikk av
som statsminister. Foto: TERJE BRINGEDAL

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 30 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1845, the majority of citizens of the Republic of Texas approved a new constitution that allowed Texas to give up its independence to become the 28th state of the union. Texas had declared its independence from Mexico in 1836 with an eye towards joining the United States. The country was in great turmoil at the time, however, and as much as some wished to see the huge republic become a state, others saw it as a huge slave state and blocked statehood. In 1844, however, James K. Polk won the presidential election, one plank of his platform was statehood for Texas, and most people expected Texas to become a state after his innauguration. Lame duck President John Tyler called for Congress to allow Texas to join the union, though, and he usurped Polk by signing the statehood bill on December 29, 1845. Mexico did not want to lose its valuable former colony and threatened military action, saying Texas statehood was an act of war. Within a year, Mexico and the United States were, in fact, at war.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Mexico_1835-1846_administrative_map-en.svg/654px-Mexico_1835-1846_administrative_map-en.svg.png
The administrative map of Texas before statehood shows the various claims
and counterclaims of the states of Mexico when Texas declared its independence.
The dashed lines show terrirtory claimed by Texas and shows a familiar outline of
the State of Texas.

...in 1812, Sir Isaac Brock commanded forces of British and Indian forces defeated the American army under General Stephan Van Rensselaer at the Battle of Queenstown Heights, Ontario. More than 1,000 Americans were captured or killed, effectively ending the American invasion of Canada and preventing the United States from actually having 57 states.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Isaac_Brock_portrait_1%2C_from_The_Story_of_Isaac_ Brock_%281908%29.jpg/200px-Isaac_Brock_portrait_1%2C_from_The_Story_of_Isaac_ Brock_%281908%29.jpg
Sir Isaac Brock 1769 - 1812
Although he died at the battle of
Queenstown Heights, the battle was
still a significant British victory in the
War of 1812.

...in 1965, Congo President Joseph Kasavubu fired Prime Minister Moise Tshombe and formed a provisional government, with Evariste Kimba in a leading position.

...in 1775,the Continental Congress established an American naval force and later appointed Esek Hopkins as the first commander. His fleet consisted of seven ships, two frigates, two brigs, and three schooners. Some of the names are not too familiar, such as the Fly, Alfred and Columbus but others are familiar names of naval history, Andrea Doria, Cabot, Hornet and Wasp. Hopkins (his brother, Stephan, signed the Declaration of Independence) did not follow orders sent by Congress and wound up being blockaded in Naragansett Bay. He was removed as Commodore in 1777. The greatest naval hero of the Revolutionary War, John Paul Jones, left for France when the navy was disbanded after the Revolutionary War. The navy was officially re-established, permanantly, with the creation of the Department of the Navy in 1798.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/h85750kt.jpg
Esek Hopkins, First US Naval Commodore

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 44 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1912, former President Theodore Roosevelt was campaigning for a third term as the candidate for the Progressive Party, better known as the Bull Moose Party. He was about to give a campaign speech at the Gilpatrick Hotel in Milwaukee, Wisconsin when he was approached by John Schrank, a saloon keeper. Shrank pointed a .32 directly at Roosevelt's heart and fired. The bullet did penetrate Roosevelt's body, but at low velocity as its path was blocked by a glasses case and the thick manuscript of Roosevelt's speech! When asked why he shot, Shrank reportedly said, "Anyone who tries to run for a third term ought to be shot." Roosevelt, meanwhile, pulled out his bloodied script and said, "It takes more than one bullet to kill a Bull Moose!" He went on to deliver the speech with the bullet still lodged in his chest. The Republican Party was badly fractured between supporters of the incumbent President Taft and those who supported Roosevelt. When the smoke cleared, Democrat Woodrow Wilson won the election in the electoral college but only had 42% of the popular vote. (Sound familiar?)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/President_Theodore_Roosevelt%2C_1904.jpg/225px-President_Theodore_Roosevelt%2C_1904.jpg
President Theodore Roosevelt

...in 1857, Elwood Haynes was born in Portland, Indiana. A trained engineer and chemist, he built an automobile in 1894 and drove it through Kokomo on Independence Day. (The car is now on display at the Smithsonian Institution as the oldest extant American automobile.) He partnered with brothers Elmer and Edward Apperson to build Haynes-Apperson Automobiles in Kokomo, one of many brands of automobiles that were built in Indiana's pioneer automobile industry. A Hayes-Apperson was purchased by William Kjellman of Mount Horeb, Wisonsin in 1899, the first automobile sold in Wisconsin.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/haynes_apperson0201.jpg
1902 Haynes-Apperson

...in 1899, the Literary Digest proclaimed that "The ordinary 'horseless carriage'
is at present a luxury for the wealthy; and although its price will probably fall in the future,
it will never, of course, come into as common use as the bicycle." Oops.

...in 1962, high altitude photographs taken from a U-2 spyplance confirmed that Soviet mid-range and short-range stratgic missiles were being installed on the island of Cuba. Relations between the Soviet Union and the United States had been tense since Francis Gary Powers had been captured after his U-2 was shot down over the Soviet Union at the end of the Eisenhower Administration. President John F. Kennedy had botched the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba in 1961 in an attempt to start a counter-insurgency to overthrow Fidel Castro. The discovery of the Soviet missiles in Cuba, just 90 miles from Florida, set off a chain of events that would bring the world to the brink of nuclear war as Soviet Premier Krushchev and President Kennedy played a game of chicken over the missiles. In the end, the missiles were removed from Cuba in exchange for the US pulling missiles out of Turkey. When it was over, a "hotline" was installed, a direct line from Washington to Moscow, to facillitate a more immediate form of communication between the two world leaders.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/14.jpg
October 14, 1962: U-2 photograph of a truck convoy approaching a deployment of Soviet MRBMs
near Los Palacios at San Cristobal. This photograph was the first one identified by NPIC
October 15, as showing Soviet medium-range ballistic missiles in Cuba.

...in 1965, Joseph H. Engle, who would later command the space shuttle, flew the X-15 (we read about it on September 28) to a height of 50.4 miles, meaning that he had become an official astronaut, as the United States Air Force considered the altitude of 50 miles as the boundary of space. While the X-15 never achieved the altitude reached by Alan Shepherd (161 miles) there was talk of building an X-15B that would be designed, like the X-15, to be dropped from a B-52 but aimed for extended space flight. The Air Force also planned a space vehicle in the early 1960's to fly into space and return to earth, as the space shuttle did, twenty years later. Once project Mercury was announced, the X-15B and space plane programs were scrapped. Mercury capsules were launced on Redstone rockets, which were basically German V-2 rockets designed by Werner von Braun.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/x15b.jpg
The X-15B program never got off
the ground, but many of the concepts
resurfaced in the Space Shuttle program.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 38 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1917, Mata Hari was executed for espionage. The archetypical femme fatale spy died at the wrong end of a French firing squad at Vincennes. She told the story of being born in an Indian temple and raised by a priestess who taught her to dance and gave her the name "eye of the day" or, Mata Hari, in Malay. Actually, Magaretha Geertruida Zelle was born in Holland in 1876. Her exotic dances were very popular, mostly because she stripped to nudity. At the outbreak of World War I, her lovers included high ranking French military officers. She was tried for passing secrets to Germany about the new French secret weapon, the tank. While there is some evidence that she acted as a spy and even as a double agent, the Germans had already given up on her as an unreliable source of not very valuable information. While she was portrayed as the greatest female spy of the 20th Century, she might really just have been show biz creation with a thing for men in uniform.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Mata_Hari_2.jpg/225px-Mata_Hari_2.jpg
Mata Hari in a 1906 postcard.

...in 1966, the worst driver in history was recorded in Texas. No, not the dork in the grey SUV who cuts you off in traffic every morning. The unidentified, 75 year old male, recieved 10 traffic tickets, drove on the wrong side of the road four times committed four hit-and-run collisions and caused six accidents - all within 20 minutes.

...in 1965, WEMT (now WVII) TV channel 7 in Bangor, ME (ABC) began broadcasting.

...in 1878, the Edison Electric Company opened, driven by Thomas Edison's light bulb and funding by magnates like J.P. Morgan and members of the Vanderbilt family. Edison did not actually invent the light bulb, but invented the first commercially practical light bulb, and the Edison Electric Company electrified Manhattan in September, 1892. (The first commercial electric plant went online in the Summer of 1882 in Appleton, Wisconsin. Banker and paper company executive, Henry J. Rogers, purchased equipment from the Edison Electric Company to supply power to the paper companies and Appleton's wealthiest residents.) In 1892, through a merger with the Thomson-Houston Company, a competitor, Edison Electric became the General Electic Company. For years, Edison competed with Nickola Tesla, who was partnered with George Westinghouse. Edison believed in direct current, Tesla and Westinghouse believed in alternating current. Westinghouse electrified the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago, beating the proposal by Edison. Today, the world runs on alternating current, but a few remnants of Edison's legacy still exit. In Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, the floor of the Yerkes Observatory (http://astro.uchicago.edu/yerkes/), home of the world's largest refracting telescope, moves under the power of four 440 volt electric motors, that have operated on direct current, since the Edison Company installed them in 1897.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/a5f6b3d5.jpg
The "Wizard of Menlo Park, Thomas Edison.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 24 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1793, Marie Antoinette, of "Let them eat cake" fame, was taken to the main square in Paris for a visit with Madame Guillotine. She left the square several inches shorter.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Marie_Antoinette_Adult4.jpg/210px-Marie_Antoinette_Adult4.jpg
Marie Antoinette à la Rose is one of the
most famous portraits of Marie Antoinette,
by Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun

...in 1946, as long as we're on such a happy topic, 10 high ranking Nazis were executed, by hanging, in Nuremberg, Germany. Two weeks earlier, they had been found guilty of war crimes, crimes against humanity and crimes against peace during World War II.

...in 1965, "Drat! - The Cat!" closed at Martin Beck Theater New York City after 8 performances. It wasn't the record for worst show, but darned close. Ellen Burstyn's one-woman The Oldest Living Confederate Widow Tells All closed after opening night in 2003. On Easter Sunday 1970, a musical version of Lillies of the Field opened at the Lunt-Fontanne Theater, called Look To The Lillies. I saw one of the 25 performances before that turkey folded - and I missed 1776 to see it. Ugh.

...in 1948, Hudson introduced the new Hornet, using a radical new design technique that merged the body with the chassis, the basis of all modern automobile design. The car was built with a 308 c.i. flat head six that propelled the Hornet into a three year run as the king of stock car racing. The lower center of gravity allowed the Hornet to glide around corners and leave the competitors in the dust. The amazing run of the Hornet in stock car racing was imortalized in the Disney-Pixar animated feature Cars with the late Paul Newman, a racing enthusiast and accomplished driver himself, providing the voice of the Hudson Hornet.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Hudson_Hornet_4-door_burgundy.JPG/800px-Hudson_Hornet_4-door_burgundy.JPG
The Fabulous Hudson Hornet

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 34 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1931, after all the heartburn and battles with Eliot Ness and The Untouchables, the career of gangster, bootlegger and leader of Chicago's underworld, Al Capone, came to an end. Of all the crimes that Al Capone was known for and alleged to have committed, he was convicted of income tax evasion. Capone was one of the most notorious convicts in the Federal system and served a stretch at Alcatraz. He was paroled in 1939, but neurosyphilis already had him disoriented and confused. He died in 1947, as a result of the social disease he aquired in one of his own brothels.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/AlCaponemugshotCPD.jpg/250px-AlCaponemugshotCPD.jpg
Alphonse Gabriel Capone (1899 -1947)

...in 1835, the government of Texas passed a resolution creating the Texas Rangers, armed and mounted to "range and guard the frontier between the Brazos and Trinity Rivers." During the revolution with Mexico, leaders felt they needed a force to protect the citizens spread out all over the huge territory. After the revolution ended, it was decided to keep the Rangers in operation. It was always a loose-knit organization, and in 1930, the state reined in the Rangers and made it into a a modern law enforcement unit, unique in the United States.

http://www.texasranger.org/history/images/Badge8.jpg

...in 1973, in reaction to support of Israel during the Yom Kippur War, the Arab-dominated cartel, OPEC, cut off supply of oil to the allies of Israel. Overnight, gasoline prices quadrupled and the embargo impacted the financial world for the rest of the decade. Prior to 1970, OPEC had little clout. After 1970, domestic oil production was cut and the United States began to rely more and more on OPEC nations for oil. In 1973, OPEC demonstrated how much control it had over the world market - which it still holds today.

...in 1965, the New York World's Fair closed after a two year run with over 51 million people in attendance.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e9/1965_new_york_world_fair.jpg/300px-1965_new_york_world_fair.jpg
The "Unisphere" was the signature
of the New York World's Fair.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 27 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...1767, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon completed a four year project that was designed to end a bloody border dispute between the colonies of Pennsylvania and Maryland. Using astronomical and precision surveying instruments, they set out to define the boundary between the two colonies, also between Delaware and Maryland. The line was set from a point 15 miles south of Philadelphia and heading west to a point that, today, is between Pennsylvania and West Virginia. Every mile along the line. Mason and Dixon placed large stones, in the shape of an obelisk, with a P engraved on one side and an M on the other. Every fifth stone also bore the coats of arms of the two colonies. 240 years later, many of the stones are missing, but many are still there. Modern surveyors, using GPS with their tools, confirm that Mason and Dixon were quite accurate in some places off by as little as one inch, although they were off by as much as 800 feet in other places. The Mason-Dixon Line is the traditional dividing line between slave and free states, or between southern and northern states. Today, it's mostly the boundary between "Y'all" and "Youse guys."

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Mason-Dixon.jpg
The Original Mason-Dixon Line

...in 1867, the United States took possession of the Alaska Territory from Russia for the princely sum of $7.2 Million. The purchase included 586,412 square miles, twice the size of Texas, and worked out to less than 2¢ per acre. Even so, President Andrew Johnson and Secretary of State William Henry Seward were roundly riddiculed for the purchase, which became known as "Seward's Folly" or "Johnson's Polar Bear Park" and other more colorful names. Russia was strapped for cash to fund a war, and offered the land to the United States through Great Britain in March of 1867. The purchase was widely regarded as stupid - until gold was discovered in the Klondike River in 1896. Today, a huge oil reserve lays untapped in Alaska, while other oilfields are producing large quantities of oil that flow through a pipeline built in the 1970's. "Alaska Day" is celebrated every October 18.

...in 1954, Texas Instruments, jointly with radio builder Regency, introduced the first mass-produced transistor radio. Exactly who built the first transistor radio is often disputed. Several manufacturers demonstrated transistor-based radios as early as 1952, but none ever went beyond the prototype stage. The Regency TR-1 sold for $49.95 which was quite pricey - it's about $375 in today's dollars. Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo, Ltd. introduced the TR-55 transistor radio in 1955 under the brand name, Sony, and renamed the company some years later. Transistor radios were a majoy breakthrough, as the transistors replaced the old, clunky, expensive and power-intensive vacuum tubes for amplifier circuits. While transistor radios were limited to the AM band, it made little difference in the 1950's and 1960's because that was where the bulk of the radio broadcast market existed. Today, the term is archaic as many transistors are packed on integreated circuits (chips) and offer far more than AM band reception. But in 1954, it was breakthrough technology.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Regency_transistor_radio.jpg/180px-Regency_transistor_radio.jpg
Regency TR-1

...in 1977, Reggie Jackson, "Mr. October" hit three home runs in the sixth game of the World Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers. The last man to perform the feat was Babe Ruth, who did it twice, during the World Series in 1916 and 1928. The difference? Mr. October hit his trhee home runs in three consecutive at bats, off three different pitchers and in three consecutive pitches! Love him or hate him, Reggie's feat was an incredible achievement.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Reggie.JPG/200px-Reggie.JPG
Reggie Jackson was inducted into
baseball's Hall of Fame in 1993

...in 1931, Thomas Alva Edison passed away in West Orange, New Jersey, aged 84. Edison was born in Milan, Ohio but didn't do well in school. He was a dreamer and paid little attention to things like teachers and lessons. His teacher told Mrs. Edison that her boy's brain was addled, and that he would never amount to anything. His formal education ended at third grade, but his mother recognized that he was special and home schooled him. At the age of 16, he schooled himself in telegraphy and while making a living as a telegraph operator, he developed a device that could transmit four separate telegraph messages on one wire and with the sale of the quadruplex telegraph to Western Union, he was able to fund a laboratory in Menlo Park. He also invented the stock ticker that revolutionized Wall Street and sports broadcasting. (Ronald Reagan began his career recreating baseball and football games that he read on an Edison ticker.) Edison created a movie camera and projector and started the movie industry. He invented the phonograph while trying to develop a device to record telephone calls, perhaps, an answering machine? The prolific inventor is best remembered for developing the commercially viable light bulb and for founding the company that would become General Electric. Edison held 1,093 patents in his own name.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/lBSRPHz7a4T9.jpg
Thomas Edison, The Wizard of Menlo Park

...in 1965, The Indonesian government outlawed the Communist Party.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 15 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1791, Lord General Cornwallis and an army of 8,000 soldiers were surrounded at Yorktown, Virginia by a superior force of French and American forces. With no chance of reinforcement, and running low on supplies, Cornwallis surrendered. Cornwallis was not a bad general, in fact, he was one of the more capable British leaders, having defeated Washington in New Jerey and General Gates in South Carolina. It seems unlikely he would have retreated to a peninsula where he could be trapped. Cornwallis was awaiting the British fleet for reinforcement. Unknown to Cornwallis, the British fleet was intercepted by the French fleet under Admiral Count de Grasse. The French defeated the British fleet at the Battle of Virginia Capes on September 5, leaving Cornwallis cut off from help. After the surrender on October 19, the Revolutionary war was essentially over, although there were several skirmishes. During the surrender ceremony, the British band played a tune called The World Turned Upside Down. Peace talks began in 1972 and the Treaty of Paris was signed on September 3, 1783, officially recognizing the United States of America.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Surrender_of_Lord_Cornwallis.jpg/300px-Surrender_of_Lord_Cornwallis.jpg
The Surrender of Lord Cornwallis

...in 1960, the trade embargo against Cuba went into effect. The US was fighting with the Soviet Union for Cold War superiority, and the Kennedy Administration wanted to topple the Castro regime. The trade embargo, still in effect, did not have the desired effect though. In 1963, the fight for Cuba escalated with the missile crisis. The embargo works both ways, though, as Americans can no longer purchase Cuban cigars - legally, anyway.

...in 1864, the northernmost battle of the Civil War was fought. A group of Confederate soldiers infiltrated St. Albans, Vermont from Canada, arriving in pairs or groups of three or four. One day, the assembled, took off long coats to reveal Confederate uniforms and declared the town was under the control of the Confederate States of America. They robbed banks, forced the tellers to swear allegiance to the CSA, then set the town on fire as they retreated to Canada. The townsfolk were obliged to fight the fire rather than chase the troops. They were chased back to Canada, which created friction between Great Britain and the Union. When the British paid back the banks and made reparations, the situation was smoothed over.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b5/Stalbansraid.JPG
Confederate soldiers forcing bank tellers to swear allegiance to the CSA.

...in 1958, the first Post-World War II World's Fair closed in Brussels. Over 42 million people attended the Brussels Universal and International Exhibition with the slogan, "A World View, A New Humanism." The United States saw it as an opportunity to skewer Communism and go head-to-head with the Soviet Union's propaganda machinery. The two countries put on displays of the idealistic life in each country, emphasized by the adversaries being located right across from one another. The Soviets displayed technology and showed a model of Sputnik while the US showed voting booths, the latest fashions and rooms full of labor-saving appliances. The ulitmate irony was that Czechoslovakia won the award for best exhibit.

...in 1987, "Black Monday" sent the Dow into a spiral of panic selling in a 508 point freefall. (Sound familiar?) Analysts were working over time to find someone or something to blame. Along with rounding up the usual suspects (inflation, interest rates, blah blah blah) There were concerns over US warships destroying two Iranian oil platforms in the Persian Gulf, but ultimately, the blame was placed on computerized trading systems that had triggers in place to sell sell sell when certain levels were reached. Safeguards were put into place to prevent computerized sell-offs, including stopping trade if the market plummets too far. About this same time in 2008, those same levels were almost reached and trading was almost halted - almost - because the levels were not reached. As badly as people took hits in 1987, within a year, the market came storming back and all losses were recovered - for those who were brave enough to stay in.

...in 1965, Tygert Bruton Pennington was born. Today, Ty Pennington is known as the parapatetic host of Extreme Makeover: Home Edition and as a tool pitchman for a certain big box store chain. Would you be surprised to learn that Pennington was an unruly child, who used to strip naked in school and swing from the blinds? He is also a spokesman today for the ADHD Experts on Call and controls his disorder with Vyvane...hey, look at that cool power drill/driver!

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Ty_Pennington.jpg/220px-Ty_Pennington.jpg
Driver, move that bus!

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 29 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1947, the House Un-American Activities Committee convened. The "Cold War" was heating up during the post WWII era, and the "Red Scare" was terrifying Americans. It was believed that communists, or "Reds" were finding their way into American life to begin subversive activities and some believed that communists had even infiltrated the US Government. The HUAC called on many Hollywood types and grilled all with the question, "Are you now or have you ever been a member of the Communist Party?" Many resisted and refused to answer. They, along with many others, were blacklisted and prevented from working in Hollywood. Notable names included Aaron Copland, Dashiell Hammett, Lillian Hellman, Arthur Miller and Orson Welles. Many continued to work under pseudonyms or submitted work under friends' names. After the death of Joseph McCarthy, the most ruthless of the HUAC, the blacklist was slowly erased. Writing credits on more than 20 films were changed to give proper credit to blacklisted writers.

...in 1973, the world famous Sydney Opera House opened with a dedication by Queen Elizabeth II. The $80 million landmark was designed by JØrn Utzon of Denmark and took 15 years to build. It is the icon that identifies Sydney, New South Wales to the world.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Sydney_opera_house_side_view.jpg/800px-Sydney_opera_house_side_view.jpg
Sydney Opera House, designed by JØrn Utzon.
Photo by Matthew Field, used with permission

...in 1882, Be'la Ferenc Dezso Blasko was born in Lugos, Austria-Hungary, now Lugoj, Romania. (The city is near a border with Transylvania.) He became an accomplished actor with the National Theater of Budapest, then immigrated to the US in 1921, where he took the name Bela Lugosi. His heavy accent landed him the role of Dracula on Broadway in a play of the same name. In 1931, he played the same role in the film version of Dracula and was forever typecast. Lugosi died in 1956 after one day of filming Plan Nine From Outer Space for Ed Wood, arguably the worst movie ever made. Leonard Maltin once said, "Bela Lugosi died in production, and it shows." Wood used his wife's chiropractor as Lugosi's double for the film, a man who looked nothing like Lugosi.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Bela_Lugosi_01.jpg/220px-Bela_Lugosi_01.jpg
Bela Lugosi, ca. 1920

...in 1962, while President John F. Kennedy was in Seattle to attend the Century 21 World's Fair, it was necessary that he return to Washington to discuss plans of how to react to the Soviets building nuclear missile sites in Cuba. The press corps was told he had contracted an upper respiratory infection and was returning to Washington to rest. In fact, he was meeting with advisors, including Attorney General Robert Kennedy, to decide whether to negotiate with the Soviets, bomb the missile sites or blockade the island of Cuba. He opted to set up a blockade, keeping the bombing of the island as a trump card. Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev and President Kennedy proceeded to play a series game of chicken, nuclear one-upmanship, and brought the world to the edge of destruction. The one to blink first would lose. The blockade began on October 21 and the next six days were very tense. The two leaders communicated by courier, telegram and, most unusually, in newspapers.

http://cubanmissilecrisis.info/imgs/washington-post-blockade.gif

...in 1975, humanitarianism and economics overcomes Cold War politics as the United States agrees to sell badly needed wheat to the Soviet Union. The sale was repeated, quietly, for several years.

...in 1965, the Beatles received a gold record for Yesterday which was on the American charts for an incredible eleven weeks, four of them at number one. The Guiness Book of World Records says that Yesterday is the most covered song ever, with over 3,000 versions of it by such artists as Joan Baez, Liberace, Frank Sinatra, Elvis Presley, Plácido Domingo, Boyz II Men and even Daffy Duck. In England, a BBC poll in 1999 voted Yesterday the best song of the 20th Century.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e5/Beatles-singles-yesterday.jpg/200px-Beatles-singles-yesterday.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 42 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1797, the USS Constitution was launched in Boston Harbor. The 44 gun frigate was built to fight the Barbary pirates. ("...to the shores of Tripoli," as the Marines Hymn says.) In the War of 1812, witnesses said British cannonballs bounced off the side of the ship, earning the lasting name of Old Ironsides. She was retired from duty in 1855, but remained commissioned as a training vessel, and today is the oldest commissioned warship in the US Navy, if not in the world.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/USS_Constitution_1997.jpg/300px-USS_Constitution_1997.jpg
USS Constitution, "Old Ironsides" Massachusetts Bay, July 1997

...in 1959, an executive order was signed by President Dwight Eisenhower that transferred Wehrner von Braun from the Army to the newly formed National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Von Braun grew up in Germany and became interested in rocketry and space travel as a teenager. While studying physics, he also toyed with rockets and caught the eye of the German military. Eventually, they had von Braun lead a military rocket unit where he developed the A-4 rocket, capable of hitting targets more than 200 miles away. The A04 was renamed the V-2, the V for the German word that meant "vengence." The rockets were dropped on London and caused much damage but the rockets came too late in the war to make a difference. Von Braun and his team fled the advancing Russian army in order to surrender to the US Army along with train cars full of rocket parts. After performing research at Fort Bliss in Texas, the team moved to the Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama, where the Redstone rocket was developed for the American space program. NASA built the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center on the arsenal, right around von Braun's office. (Which is now on display at the NASA museum in Huntsville.) Von Braun's giant Saturn V rockets took 27 Americans to the moon, 12 who walked on the surface.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wernher_von_Braun.jpg/250px-Wernher_von_Braun.jpg
Dr. Wehrner von Braun (1912-1977) in his
Marshall Space Flight Center Office, Huntsville, Alabama.
Behind him is an array of models of rockets designed by
Dr. von Braun and his staff in Alabama.

...in 1956, a popular Hollywood couple gave birth to a girl who would grow up to be a princess. Actress Debbie Reynolds and singer Eddie Fisher named the girl Carrie. She would grow up to play a jilted lover with revenge on her mind in The Blues Brothers but would find her signature role in the Star Wars franchise as Princess Leia. Carrie Fisher also wrote two books, Postcards from the Edge and Surrender the Pink.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8b/Princess_leia_film.jpg/140px-Princess_leia_film.jpg
Carrie Fisher as Princess Leia Organa
in Star Wars: A New Hope with
the signature "Cinnamon Bun" hairstyle.

...in 1897, the University of Chicago dedicated the Yerkes Observatory, which would become the seat of modern astrophysics. It all began in 1892, when the new Professor of Astrophysics at the University of Chicago, George Ellery Hale, heard of two perfect, 42 inch "blanks" of glass while on vacation. The blanks were made to be ground into lenses for the largest refracting telecope in the world, if a suitable observatory could be found for such a telescope. The blanks were ordered for an observatory to be built for USC but the funding disappeared. Hale hurried back to Chicago to set the wheels in motion to aquire the blanks. The blanks were aquired, the telescope was built and displayed at the Columbian Exposition, ahown below, in Chicago in 1893. (The same one where Pabst won it's famous blue ribbon.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Yerkes/1893-scope.jpg

A site was chosen on the shores of Geneva Lake in Williams Bay, Wisconsin. Charles T. Yerkes, a railroad tycoon from Chicago (he built the El system and finished "The Tube" in London) donated the money to build an observatory to house the massive telescope. (The dome rides on trolley wheels.) Yerkes hired Henry Ives Cobb to design the building. It took four years to build the massive facility which, at the time, was way out in the boonies. Today, it is surrounded by growth and development, all sources of light pollution, but the 111 year old observatory continues to lead in research and development.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Yerkes/40inchtour.jpg
In 1893, the telescope was,
and today remains, the largest
refracting telescope in the world.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Yerkes/aerial1.gif
You can read more about this fascinating facility at the Yerkes Observatory (http://astro.uchicago.edu/yerkes/) website.

...in 1965, chemist Robert Burns Woodward was awarded the Nobel Prize for chemistry. I tired to do some research in order to better describe exactly why he was awarded the prize. After reading quite a bit, I don't really know much more than I did before I started to read about him.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Woodwardcis-hydroxylation.jpg
Oh, admit it. You don't, either.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 42 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1962, in a televised address from the Oval Office, President John F. Kennedy announced that the Soviet Union had placed nuclear missiles in Cuba and that, in response, the United States Navy had established a blockade of the island nation. President Kennedy called the missile placement "clandestine, reckless, and provocative threat to world peace." He said the blockade would enforce a "strict quarantine on all offensive military equipment under shipment to Cuba." The world was now poised for nuclear war as President Kennedy and Premier Nikita Khruschev played a game of chicken with nuclear warheads.

...in 1936, the first tests of what would become the most popular car since the Model T Ford began. In 1934, Ferdinand Porsche had proposed a simple and reliable automobile to the German Reich, a car that would also be affordable. The Nazi propaganda machine immediately cranked into high gear for the idea, even naming it the People's Car, or Volkswagen. By 1938, the the first car to represent the final form was unveiled, the 38-Series that the New York Times called "The Beetle." The Reich renamed the car the KdF Wagen, "Kraft durch Freude" or "Strength through Joy." Porsche was not pleased as he was not a member of the Nazi Party nor did he support Hitler. Although production went on hold as the Porsche factories went into production of war materiél, (including "Volkswagen" based staff cars) after the war, the Allies approved restarting production of the Beetle, and by the mid 1950's, the sale of "Beetles" had taken off. In the 1960's, the Volkswagen became the unofficial symbol of the counter-culture, decorated with flowers, racing stripes and what have you. The Beetle evolved, mostly unchanged except for refinements, until 1971 when the Super Beetle was introduced. The Super Beetle was larger to accomodate mandated safety designs that resulted in a better car. By that time, Japanese auto design had progressed and the Beetle faced stiff competition. The last Beetle, Number 21,529,464, was produced in Mexico on July 30, 2003. The 65 years after its introduction and a 58 year manufacturing run is unequaled. (By compairson, Ford's Model T reached 15,000,000 cars in 18 years before there was a large automobile market. In fact, the Model T made the automobile market. Model T production averaged 833,000 cars per year while Volkswagen production averaged 384,454 per year. Which was really the People's Car? You decide.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/2790b502.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Volkswagen_Bubbla_sista_bilen.jpg/180px-Volkswagen_Bubbla_sista_bilen.jpg
The 1936 Volkswagon prototype and the Last 2003 Volkwagen

You can learn more about this fascinating vehicle at a website called led (http://people.westminstercollege.edu/staff/bknorr/html/history.htm).

...in 1987, an automotive first was accomplished - who ever thought there could be an automobile first almost 100 years after the industry started? Canadian Garry Sowerby and American Tim Cahill completed the first Trans-America's drive from Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina to Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. They drove a specially built GMC 4x4 pickup truck from the southern end of the western world to the northern tip of the western world in 23 days, 22 hours and 43 minutes. (Similar trips have been completed several times before Sowerby and Cahill made the run, but not as far and certainly not as fast.)

...in 1883, the first Metropolitan Opera House, at 1423 Broadway (between 39th and 40th) in New York was dedicated with a performance of Gounod's Faust. The cast included the household names Christine Nilsson, Italo Campanini, Giuseppe Del Puente, and Franco Novara, and was conducted by Auguste Vianesi. It closed on April 16, 1966 with a performance of Puccini’s La Bohème when the Met moved to the Lincoln Center.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Metropolitan_opera_1937.jpg/800px-Metropolitan_opera_1937.jpg
The auditorium of the old opera house.

...in 1934, the FBI cornered Charles "Pretty Boy" Floyd in a cornfield in East Liverpool, Ohio, administering the shots that would kill him. With his dying breath, he denied taking part in an ambush at Kansas City's Union Station on June 17, 1933, known as the Kansas City Massacre. The ambush was an attempt to spring Frank Nash, on his way to Levenworth Prison, being escorted by Federal officials. Four law officers died in the attack. To this day no one knows if Floyd was a part of the ambush or not. Noted FBI agent, Melvin Purvis, was on hand for the capture of Floyd, who died about 15 minutes after being wounded in a shoot-out in Clarkston, near East Liverpool.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/PrettyBoyFloyd01.jpg
Charles "Pretty Boy" Floyd.

...in 1914, a black date in American history. The Revenue Act was signed, mandating the first income tax and it's been downhill ever since.

...in 1965, the Second Kashmir War between India and Pakistan came to an end. Contrary to popular opinion, the war was not fought over Kashmir sweaters and coats. Oh, stop complaining.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 31 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 42 B.C., Marcus Junius Brutus committed suicide after a second defeat at Philippi during a civil war. Brutus was one of the conspirators in the assassination of Julius Caesar, made famous in the play by William Shakespeare. Even people who known nothing of ancient history or have never read Shakespeare know the line, "Et, tu, Brute?" Little known history of the Roman Republic was the range of civil war that errupted after the assassination of Caesar. After several years of civil war, in -27 (27 BC) the Republic was lost forever as the ascension of Augustus Caesar as the first emperor of Rome.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Portrait_Brutus_Massimo.jpg/140px-Portrait_Brutus_Massimo.jpg
Marcus Junius Brutus

...in 1983, a truck packed with explosives was driven by a suicide bomber into the US Marines barracks in Beirut Lebanon, killing 241 military personel, while a similar attack killed 58 French soliders about two miles away. While the bombers were never determined, they were suspected to be Shiite terorists affiliated with Iran.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Beirutbarr.jpg/250px-Beirutbarr.jpg

...in 1975, the House Ways and Means Committee Chairman Al Ullman (D-Oregon) proposed and economic plan featuring a $12.7 million tax cut, aimed at middle class Americans. Although the plan was embraced by both parties, partisan arguing bogged down the progress of the bill. President Gerald Ford wanted to affix spending cuts to the bill, but the House Democrats fought the spending cuts. They launched a media blitz with dire warnings of what would happen if the spending cuts were made, and the tactic worked. A tax cut, without spending cuts, was passed by the committee. There just ain't nuthin' new, is there?

...in 1971, Wally World opened in Orlando, Florida, just 16 years after the Magic Kingdom opened in Anaheim, California. The park also included Walt Disney's dream of a planned community called the Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow, or EPCOT. A real community, Celebration, Florida, was built in 1996.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Cinderella_Castle.jpg/200px-Cinderella_Castle.jpg
Cinderella's Castle is the iconic figure
of the Magic Kingdom. It is about twice
size of Sleeping Beauty's Castle at Disneyland
in Anaheim, California. Both castles use a trick
called "forced perspective" to make them appear
larger than they really are.

...in 1965, Alfred Matthew "Weird Al" Yankovic was born in California. The musician, satirist, parody artist and all around funny guy broke into show business with a parody of My Sharona by The Knack that he called My Balogna. It got airplay from Dr. Dimento, and the rest is history. Weird Al does play the accordian but he is not related to the late Frankie Yankovic.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/56/Weirdalclassic.jpg/180px-Weirdalclassic.jpg
Weird Al, as most people think
of him, before eye surgery.

...in 1954, WSAU-TV began broadcasting from the Plumer Mansion, a Victorian house in Wausau, Wisconsin, affectionately known as "The Mansion." A suit of armor was on display in "The Mansion" so the graphic artist, Sid Kyler, creted a medieval 7 and a knight, Sir Seven. The logo served for decades, even after the call letters were changed. The transmitter and tower was (and still is) atop Rib Mountain, the second highest point in Wisconsin. WSAU was the only television station in northern Wisconsin when it went on the air, and it was affiliated with all four networks, CBS, ABC, NBC and DuMont. (DuMont ceased broadcasting in 1956.) In 1965, a second station, WAOW went on the air in Wausau as the ABC affiliate, followed by a Rhinelander station in 1966 that took the NBC affiliation. In the 1950's, a company in Rhinelander put up a tall receiver and offered a cable feed that provided Rhinelander residents with reception from Green Bay and Minneapolis, years before the concept of television by satellite even existed. In 1981, the owners of WSAU sold their interest in radio stations with the same call letters, and changed the television call sign to WSAW. The only real significance to this story is that the same story repeated intself all across the country as small television markets came online. Television broadcasting expanded from major metropolitan areas to the smallest markets in a matter of about 15 years.

http://www.freewebs.com/wistvhistory/0010.jpg
Sir Seven appeared on all the
station cards, including at sign-off
each knigh...er...night. Note the moon,
a mirror image of the "7" on the card.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 40 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1965, the Rolling Stones released Get Off Of My Cloud.

...in 1929, the Secretary of State in the Harding Administration, Albert B. Fall, became the, well, fall guy for accepting a bribe while serving in office, the first individual to be convicted of such a crime. The Harding administration was riddled with corruption, and Fall accepted a $100,000 interest free "loan" from Edward Doheny of the Pan-American Petroleum and Transport Company. He wanted Fall to grant him an oil lease from the naval reserve in California. Both the Elk Hills Naval reserve and the Teapot Dome naval reserve in Wyoming had been transferred to the control of the Department of the Interior, Fall may have recognized an opportunity to personally benefit by leasing the reserves to private industry. In October of 1923, a Senate investigation revealed the $100,000 bribe but also a $300,000 in bonds from Harry Sinclair, president of Mamoth Oil, for access to the Teapot Dome. In 1927, the reserves were returned to the control of the government and in 1927, Fall was convicted of the scandal.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Albert_B._Fall.jpg/225px-Albert_B._Fall.jpg
Albert Bacon Fall (1861-1944)

...in 1854, during the Crimean War, British Lord James Cardigan lead a charge of the Light Brigade Cavalry against the Russians. During the Battle of Balacava, Cardigan received the order to attack. The brigade charged down the hill and was cut down by Russian artillery, suffering over 40% casulties. When it was over, of the 600 members of the cavalry, 156 were dead and 122 were wounded. It turns out to have been a blunder with orders unclear and from bad intelligence. The brigade was, and still is, revered as British heroes. Alfred, Lord Tennyson wrote a poem, paintings were done, and three movies were made. The first was by Thomas Edison in 1912, shot in Wyoming and using US Cavalry troops as the Light Brigade.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/CatonWoodvilleLightBrigade.jpeg
Canton Woodville's Charge Of The Light Brigade, 1855.

Alfred, Lord Tennyson's The Charge Of The Light Brigade (http://www.nationalcenter.org/ChargeoftheLightBrigade.html).

...in 1902, the first great combination of manufacturer and race driver was forged when famed bicyle racer, Barney Oldfield, teamed up to drive Henry Ford's 999 race car. On October 25, the team entered the Manufacturer's Challenge Cup in Grosse Point. It was the first of many great races for Oldfield, who soundly beat all competitors in the race, including Alexander Winton. Winton would later hire Oldfield to drive his cars in races. Oldfield was the first person to drive an automobile over 60 miles per hour, leading the popular phrase, "Who do you think you are, Barney Oldfield?"

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/BarneyOldfieldHenryFord.jpg
Barney Oldfield in the Ford 999, that's Henry Ford standing beside his race car and driver.

...in 1964, Jim Marshall of the Minnesota Vikings scooped up a
fumble and ran 66 yards to the end zone - the wrong way - for a safety
that gave the San Francisco 49'ers 2 points.

http://cdn.bleacherreport.com/images_root/image_pictures/0366/9512/1_feature.jpg
Jim Marshall had a spectacular career
with the Vikings, including a 282
consecutive game streak and he is
one of the all-time leaders in
career sacks and fumble recoveries.
Guess what he is remembered for?

See the famous run here on YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1IBkQoXNvbA&watch_response).

[i]That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 50 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1881, the infamous showdown in Tombstone, Arizona took place behind a commercial venture known as the OK Corral. The two sides in the shootout included Wyatt Earp and the Earp brothers, and Wyatt's friend, Doc Holliday and on the other side were the forces of the McLaury and Clanton families. The families were successful ranchers in the Tombstone area, employing many men who were loosely known as "Cowboys." The Cowboys were a rough and tumble group, involved in rustling and petty crimes in the area but never within Tombstone itself. It was not an organized group and contrary to Hollywood versions, no one received orders from anyone. It was just a group of friends and associates who supported one another. They spent freely in town, and the business owners liked the Cowboys as they spent a lot of cash in town. Wyatt Earp was a bank guard, his brother Virgil was the town's marshal. Morgan Earp and Doc Holliday supported the law-and-order attitude of Wyatt and Virgil. Tensions between the two factions were building, some of it politics, some of it over upholding the law, and some of it personal. When it came down to the shootout, it lasted all of 30 seconds with over 30 shots fired. When it was over, Tom and Frank McLaury were dead, as was 19 year old Billy Clanton. Sheriff Johnny Behan charged the Earps and Holliday with murder, but they were cleared in a hearing later on. Doc Holliday was already notorious, but the gunfight made Wyatt Earp's reputation. Later, he lived in California, invested in mines at a place called Earp, California and lived in Hollywood until his death in 1929. Virgil was ambushed in Tombstone and shot, losing the use of his left arm. Morgan was ambushed in Tombstone and was murdered. Holliday died of TB in Colorado. The gunfight was not the longest, shortest, deadliest or largest gunfight in the old west, but it has become the most famous.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Gunfight_at_the_OK_Corral.jpg/800px-Gunfight_at_the_OK_Corral.jpg (http://www.ok-corral.com/)
The gunfight is re-enacted every day in Tombstone. Click on the photo to see the website of the Tombstone Epitaph
and the re-enactment. (Photo © by James G. Howes, 2008. Used with permission.)

...in 1942, the US Navy lost the last aircraft carrier built before the start of World War II. The CV-8 USS Hornet was so badly damaged by Japanese aircraft in the Battle of Santa Cruz that the captain ordered the abandonment. It was during the battle for Guadalcanal, the first offensive action in the American strategy to island-hop to the Japanese home islands that the navy saw heavy action. Near the Santa Cruz islands, the smaller American fleet had to take on two Japanese fleets, on their way to Guadalcanal with supplies and reinforcements. The battle was fought exclusively by carrier based aircraft, none of the combatants were withing gun range of one another. The battleship South Dakota and the carriers Enterprise and Hornet took such extensive blasts that even two Japanese aircraft were damaged by the explosions. While the carrier Hornet was lost, the Japanese suffered immense losses of aircraft (more than 100 planes including 25 of the 27 bombers that set out from Japanese carriers) but more importantly, the fleet did not get to Guadalcanal, paving the way for an important American victory. (The replacement CV-10 USS Hornet was launched in 1943 saw lots of action against the Japanese without suffering any damage until June, 1945, when it was damaged by a typhoon.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ad/USS_Hornet_at_Santa_Cruz-600px.jpg
The USS Hornet under attack in the Battle of Santa Cruz. The Hornet launched
Colonel Jimmy Doolittle's Raid on Tokyo in April of 1942.

...in 1977, the last case of smallpox was reported. The World Health Organization considers this date as the anniversary of the eradication of smallpox, the most significant victory in the history of vaccination.

...in 1986, a routine ground ball dribbled between the legs of Boston Red Sox first baseman Bill Buckner and went down the first base line, allowing the NY Mets to score and win the extra innings game. Even though the score was tied, Buckner, to this day, frustrated Red Sox fans blame Buckner for losing the World Series. Boston had not been able to win a World Series since owner Harry Frasee sold the rights of Babe Ruth to the NY Yankees in 1920. Boston fans called it the Curse of the Bambino and in 1986, Buckner's error was used as proof. The fans were so ruthless that Buckner was forced to move his family to Idaho. The Red Sox finally broke the curse by winning the World Series in 2004 and again in 2007. (On this day in 1987, the Minnesota Twins would win their very first World Series by defeating the St. Louis Cardinals.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d1/Billbuckner.jpg
Oops.

...in 2001, in the wake of the attacks of September 11, 2001, President George W. Bush signed the USA PATRIOT Act into law. It is an acronym for "Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism." It is hailed by many as an effective tool in monitoring and stopping terrorist activity and reviled by others as an attack on civil liberties. The main attacks come from the American Civil Liberties Union, which alone gives others reason to support it. Either way, it was renewed in 2006 and while controversial, remains an important tool in the fight against terrorism.

As evidence that the PATRIOT Act works, a planned terrorist attack on the New York Subway system was thwarted by the arrest of Najibullah Zazi (http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/2009/09/19/2009-09-19_zazi_cuffed_after_qaeda_canary_sings_li_secret_ code_used_to_inform_plotters_li.html) and his father on September 19, 2009. Zazi had researched stadiums, other public venues and the subway system before acquiring chemicals to make explosives. An email containing information about explosives, detonators and fuses was sent to his laptop from Pakistan. The investigative steps used by the FBI, leading to his arrest, were put into place by the passage of the Patriot Act, foiling what might have been the largest terrorist attack against the United States (http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/Patriot-Act-helped-foil-New-York-terror-plot-8316210.html) since 9/11.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Bush-patriot-act.jpg
President George W. Bush signed the
Patriot Act into law in 2001.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 27 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1904, the New York City subway system made its first run with Mayor George McClellan at the throttle of the first train. The subway opened as a way to reduce congestion on the streets of New York. The first subway was London's tube that opened in 1863. (It was completed by Charles Yerkes, the tycoon from Chicago who built Chicago's Elevated system. See Morning Update, October 21, 2008 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-october-21-2008-a-45246/) for more about Charles Yerkes.) Boston opened the first US subway in 1897 but the New York System came to be the largest. As time went on, the private operators of subways could not sustain their operations, and they came under control of the New York City Transit Authority. Today, over 4 and a half million riders use the NY Subway daily. It operates 24/7, the only rapid transit system to do so. (Some parts of the Chicago El operate 24/7 but not the entire system.)

http://images.nycsubway.org/logo/title-irtpage.jpg
City Hall Station in 1904, on the Interburough Rapid Transit line.

...in 1938, Charles Stine, a vice-president of E.I. du Pont de Nemours, Incorporated announced Du Pont was calling its new synthetic fabric "nylon" and legs would never be the same.

http://invention.smithsonian.org/centerpieces/whole_cloth/u7sf/u7images/act1/nd8.gif
A knitting machine produced
stockings at the 1939 World's Fair.

http://invention.smithsonian.org/centerpieces/whole_cloth/u7sf/u7images/act1/nd13.jpg
This 1949 ad in Life magazine
hyped the virtues of nylon.

...in 1945, Dr. Ferdinand Porsche was arrested at the conclusion of WWII. A few days ago, we learned about Dr. Porsche's design that became the Volkswagon, and his factory became a Nazi production facility where Volkswagon-based staff cars, amphibious Schwimmwagen and Tiger tanks were built. Porsche was arrested and taken to France to await trial. Meanwhile, the British began to build his Volkswagen in the factory, after it was rebuilt from damage inflicted by Allied bombing. Porsche was released in 1947 and he began designing sportscars, the most famous being the 911.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Lohner_Porsche.jpg/774px-Lohner_Porsche.jpg
Ferdinand Porsche built the first hybrid, back in 1901. The "Mixte" used a Daimler
engine to turn a generator that fed electric motors on the wheel hubs.

...in 1954, the divorce between Marilyn Monroe and Joe Demagio became final.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Joe_DiMaggio%2C_Marilyn_Monroe_and_Tstsuzo_Inumaru .jpg
Joe DiMaggio, Marilyn Monroe
and Tstsuzo Inumaru in Japan during
the coiuple's honeymoon in 1954. Monroe
filed for divorce just 274 days into the marriage.

...in 1962, the world stepped back from the brink of nuclear war as the Cuban missile crisis approached a solution. It was a game of brinkmanship between Soviet Premier Nikita Khruschev and President John F. Kennedy. It was said that the first one to blink would lose, and President Kennedy later said, "Khruchev blinked." In a long, rambling letter, Khruschev appealed to Kennedy to "...let us show good sense." It was agreed that the Soviets would remove the offensive missiles from Cuba if the US would remove offensive missiles from Turkey. The plan was accepted and a nuclear holocaust was avoided.

...in 1954, the ABC network premiered Walt Disney's first television show, entitled Disneyland. The opening featured Tinkerbell and each week, the program featured a drama, cartoon feature, natural life or adventures. In various forms, with different titles and on several networks, the show ran for 34 years, the longest running prime-time televisions series.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/3324.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 9 c candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1919, Congress passed the Volstead Act, for the second time, this time, overriding the veto or President Woodrow Wilson. In December of 1918, the 18th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified, prohibiting the manufacture, sale or transportation of intoxicating liquors for beverage purposes. The amendment itself had no teeth, so the Volstead Act was passed to create a special prohibition enforcement arm of the Treasury Department. Both laws were pretty much ignored and organized crime flourished, providing a successful and very lucrative distribution network for illegal alcohol, at least, until August, 1929. Eliot Ness, who had been a Treasury Agent since 1923, was tasked with creating a special unit for the specific purpose of bringing down Alphonse Capone, the kingpin of the Chicago underworld. The elite group of prohibition agents were all chosen for being above reproach. A car pulled up alongside a car full of agents and a wad of bills was tossed into the agents' car. The agents threw it back. The Chicago press coined the term, "Untouchables" and the name stuck. Eliot Ness, along with "The Untouchables," put Al Capone out of business by 1931. The 18th Amendment was repealed by the 21st Amendment in 1933.

http://xroads.virginia.edu/~1930s2/time/1929/eliotness.jpg
Eliot Ness

...in 1950, The Jack Benny Program made the move to television, beginning a run that would last 15 years. Benny had been popular on radio, after going on in 1932, and he continued on radio while doing television. Benjamin Kubelsky was born in Waukegan, Illinois in 1894, the son of a Lithuanian haberdasher. He began violin lessons at the age of six and continued through high school. He (seriously) played the violin in vaudeville, and when he joined the navy in 1918, he was assigned to entertain the troops. (No one seems to be able to tell us if Benny was actually a good violinist, or if he was really as bad as he pretended to be.) In 1927, he married an actress, Sayde Marks, and they were married until his death in 1974. (Sayde was a cousin of the Marx Brothers.) Benny also made films, but comedy was his specialty and radio was his medium. The cast of characters included Benny, portraying himself as a ego-maniacal tightwad, eternally 39 years old. Eddie Anderson, one of the first African American voice actors to make it on radio, played Benny's long suffering valet, Rochester Van Jones. (On a road trip, the owners of a hotel said Eddie would not be able to stay with the rest of the staff. Benny replied, "If he doesn't stay here, neither do I." The staff relented.) Sayde, as Mary Livingstone, played his girlfriend, deflating his ego at every opportunity. Dennis Day portrayed a naive tenor who usually got the best of his boss, anyway. Phil Harris, and later Bob Crosby, were band leaders on the show. Mel Blanc played several miscellaneous characters, including his frustrated violin teacher as well as Benny's 1916 Maxwell. (He was too cheap to buy a new car.) Don Wilson was the studio announcer and part of the cast. In reality, Benny was modest and generous in real life. He died of cancer in 1974, at the age of 39.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/2f/Jack_Benny_group_photo.jpg
The cast of the Jack Benny Program, Eddie Anderson, Dennis Day, Phil Harris, Mary Livingston, Jack Benny, Don Wilson and Mel Blanc.

(One of the funniest bits that Jack Benny did with Mel Blanc, and it was repeated often, was Benny playing a hapless character who runs into Mel Blanc's Mexican character, names Cy. Si, er, see it on YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9s8U0O0XPE&feature=related).

...in 1962, the Cuban Missile Crisis came to an end, as Soviet Premier Nikita Khruschev agreed to remove the offensive missiles from Cuba in exchange for the United States removing nuclear missiles from Turkey and guaranteeing to respect Cuban sovereignty. Not everyone was happy, European allies of the US were incensed that Kennedy kept them out of the loop during the crisis, and Soviet hardliners were incensed that Khruschev removed the missiles from Cuba at all. Leonid Breshnev and Aleksei Kosygin pushed Khruschev out of power and began to amass military materiel. More importantly, though, a "hotline" was installed between the two capitals to prevent this sort of stand off happening again. Actually a teletype, the American terminal is located in the Pentagon, not the White House.

http://jproc.ca/crypto/hotline_etcrrm.jpg
Contrary to Hollywood and popular opinion, the
"Hot Line" was a teletype system with the American
terminal in the Pentagon. A duplicate to this station was
located in Moscow. The system was updated to use satellites
and fax machines, to share documents, in 1986. If there
have been updates since then, they are secret.

...in 1965, construction crews topped out the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri's Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Park. The arch is 603 feet tall springing from a width of 630 feet, nearly 1/8th of a mile, at the ground level. Eoro Saarinen's 1947 design commemorates the western expansion.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/Gateway_Arch.jpg/450px-Gateway_Arch.jpg

St. Louis was only one of many points of embarkation of westward pioneers, but its location near the confluence of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers did make it an attractive starting point. Visitors are able to ride a small capsule to the top of the arch for an expansive view of St. Louis and points west.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Gateway_Arch_tram_car.JPG/400px-Gateway_Arch_tram_car.JPG
The inside of a tram car. It's not for the claustrophobic!

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/JNEM_Observation_deck.jpg/800px-JNEM_Observation_deck.jpg
The Observation Deck

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had10 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1929, Black Tueday struck Wall Street as 16,410,030 shares were traded. Billions of dollars were lost, thousands of investors were ruined when margins were called in. Stock tickers were behind by hours because of the sheer volume of trading. Ruined brokers jumped from windows. While the previous record trading day, October 24 (Black Thursday) and the following Black Tuesday did not cause the depression, in fact, the stock market began to recover the following week but it did accelerate the collapse of the world economy, already failing since the end of World War I. While numerous FDR programs were launched to cure the ills of the depression, none of them really had an effect. It took the ultimate consumer, World War II, to finally end the Great Depression.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Crowd_outside_nyse.jpg/180px-Crowd_outside_nyse.jpg
Crowds began to gather on
Wall Street after the crash. No
one was jumping out of
windows - yet.

...in 1618, Sir Walter Raleigh was executed by beheading in London. The favorite of Queen Elizabeth had led three expeditions to America. He made the first English settlement in the new world in 1587, at Roanoke. When he married one of Elizabeth's ladies-in-waiting, he fell out of her favor and was arrested. He bought his freedom and led an expedition to mine gold along the Orinoco River in South America, which failed. Meanwhile, Elizabeth passed on and King James I had him arrested and beheaded as an enemy of the crown. One cannot help if he was cremeted and put into a can.*

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/ODG136411400.jpg
RING! "Tobacco shop, may I help you?"
"Do you have Sir Walter Raleigh in a can?"
"Why, yes, we do!"
"Doncha think ya outta let him out?" (phone slams)

...in 1901, an obscure Polish laborer, Leon Czolgosz, was executed for the assassination of President William McKinley. Czolgosz shot McKinley on September 6 at the Pan-American Exhibition in Buffalo, New York. The unrepentent laborer said he shot McKinley because he was the corrupt head of a corrupt government. His last words before being electrocuted were, "I killed the president because he was the enemy of the good people—the working people." Thomas Edison was reported to have filmed the execution.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Czol_photo_1900_-_found_in_effects.jpg/150px-Czol_photo_1900_-_found_in_effects.jpg
Leon Czolgosz in a 1900 photo.

...in 1954, the last Hudson was produced before the venerable marque became just another automotive memory. Joseph L. Hudson, of Hudson Department Store fame, bankrolled former Olds associates who began building automobiles in 1909. Although the Hudson was never a top seller, Hudson did make a number of innovations, including dual brakes and a self starter. During the depression years, Hudson began an involvement with racing. Hudson Essex-Terraplane automobiles set records in economy runs, hill climbs and other timed events. After World War II, Hudson introduced a new design concept called the Monobuilt design, combining the frame and body into what was called "step-down." The concept lowered the car's center of gravity significantly, allowing the Hudson Hornet to corner better than competitors. Hudson dominated stock car races for the three years in the 1952-1954 seasons. (Paul Newman voiced the Hudson Hornet in the animated film Cars.) The racing record did not help sales, and Hudson-Essex-Terraplane merged with Nash-Kelvinator to form American Motors in 1954.

http://oldcarandtruckpictures.com/AmericanMotors/1948HudsonCommodore4DoorSedan-a1.jpg
1948 Hudson Commodore, an example of the
Monobuilt step-down chassis.

...in 1777, the President of the Continental Congress, one John Hancock, resigned his position in order to return to Massachussets and take care of his health issues. Hancock is best remembered for his bold signiture on hte Declaration of Independence, resulting in the slang term for one's signiture as "Your John Hancock." In addition to his term as President of the Continental Congress, he was also the first, and a two term governor or Massachussets. Little known is that Hancock was the wealthiest man in New England, and as a true patriot, risked his life and his entire fortune by signing the document. After signing it, regarding te bounty that had been placed on his head, he said, "The British ministry can read that name without spectacles; let them double their reward."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/JohnHancockSignature.jpg/300px-JohnHancockSignature.jpg

...in 1957, Dan Castellaneta was born. "DOH!"

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Dan_Castellaneta_cropped.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 19 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1938, Orsen Welles presented a radio drama on Mercury Theater on the Air on network radio. The radio drama was based on H.G. Wells' War of the Worlds novel about a Martian invasion of Grovers Mill, New Jersey. The show was presented as a news broadcast, and people who tuned in too late to hear the opening disclaimer, thought it was a real news broadcast and that Martians were, in fact, invading Earth. Contemporary estimates thought that nearly 2 million people heard the broadcast and believed it to be true, sparking panic across the country. Orson Welles was a native of Kenosha, Wisconsin and had a thorough knowledge of Shakespeare before he went to high school. In 1937, he founded the Mercury Theater on the Air with John Houseman (probably best known for The Paper Chase.) His fictionalized story of a media tycoon, Charles Foster Kane, was the subect of his groundbreaking film Citizen Kane. The film was not well received by media tycoon, William Randolph Hearst, and it suffered at the box office. The film was hailed, though, for its innovative lighting and camera techniques, and it was voted the "Greatest Film" on the American Film Institute's list of Top 100 American Films of all time in 1998. But for Halloween, in 1938, Welles created panic throughout the United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Landingsite_statue.JPG/400px-Landingsite_statue.JPG
This monument was placed in 1998 to commemorate the location
of the "Martian landing" in Van Nest Park, Grover's Mill, NJ.

...in 1890, the foundation of the war on drugs was laid when Oakland, California enacted a law controlling the sale of opium, morphine and cocaine. The drugs had been legal as cures for any number of maladies and were often a component of patent medicines. (Coca-Cola was so named because a component of the original formula was, in fact, cocaine. It was removed from the formula in the 1880's.) Oakland was one of the first communities to pass criminal laws against the substances. In the latter part of the 19th Century, opium dens became quite commonplace. Polite society looked the other way but did look down upon addicts. The Harrison Act of 1914 was intended to slow the availability of drugs but had little effect. Recently Californa passed a law allowing the use of marijuana for (nod, nod, wink, wink) medicinal purposes.

...in 1972, an Illinois Central Railway express train collieded with a commuter train on right-of-way that is now an electrified Metra route. The engineer of the commuter train overshot the 27th Street Station and made the fateful decision to back up to the platform. When the train missed the station, it tripped signals that indicated it had cleared the station, opening the line to an express passenger train. At the time, ICRR passenger equipment was painted dark green, and in the foggy morning air, the express engineer never saw the stopped commuter train. His train slid into the rear car of the commuter train, known as "telescoping" because cars slide into other cars, much as tubes of a telescope slide together. 45 people were killed with 332 injured. As a result of the accident, all Chicago area passenger cars are now painted on the ends with orange and white stripes to improve visibility.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Rail/zusametra2.jpg
METRA trains are now painted with reflective strips to aid in visibility.

...in 1811, Sense and Sensibility was published in London. The popular book was published anonymously, and although a few members of high society figured out the identity of the author, most everyone else knew the book was written by a Lady. Jane Austen was born in 1775 into the family of a clergyman. She had seven siblings, and she was closest to to her older sister, Cassandra. Jane began writing at 12 and was a voracious reader. She hid her efforts from most of her friends, remained unmarried and died at the age of 42. She also published Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park and Emma.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/CassandraAusten-JaneAusten(c.1810)_hires.jpg
Jane Austen, in a watercolor done by
her sister, Cassandra

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 28 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1517, in the city of Wittenberg, Germany, Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the Castle Church, setting off the Protestant revolution that would change Western society. Luther, a priest and scholar, was upset with the church's practice of accepting payments in exchange for the absolution of sins. The practice, known as selling Indulgences, frustrated Luther,and his protest culminated in writing the 95 Theses. They were quickly translated into Latin from German, and he was urged to recant. He did not. In 1521, he was excommunicated by Pope Leo X and at the same time, Holy Roman Emporer Charels V or Germany issued the Edict of Worms, calling for the death of Luther with impunity. Under the protection of Prince Frederick, Luther translated the bible into German, which took about 10 years. Members of royalty who supported and protected Luther became known as Protestants, a name that was soon extended to followers of Luther. He died, of natural causes, in 1546 but 4 and a half centuries later, his efforts still influence millions of Christians.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Tesent%C3%BCr_WB.jpg
Door of the Schlosskirche in
Wittenburg where Luther nailed
his 95 theses.

...in 1926, Erik Weisz died in Detroit from a ruptured appendix. He was born in Budapest in 1874, the son of a rabbi. His family immigrated to Appleton, Wisconsin where the boy showed natural athletic ability along with a knack for picking locks, and he practiced tying and untying knots with his toes. When he was 9, he ran away and joined a circus as a contortionist and trapeze artist. He soon began acting as an escape artist and would challenge policemen from town to town to hold him in handcuffs. He gained great notoriety for escaping from jail cells and handcuffs all over the world. He was greatly influenced by the magic of French illusionist, Jean Eugène Robert-Houdin, and adopted the name as his own - Harry Houdini. Houdini, however, did not rely on illusion for his escapes, it was all athleticism, great effort and concentration. He was, however, also a master illusionist and, unknown to most, was a pioneer aviator. (He was the first man to fly a powered, controlled flight across Australia in 1910.) He spent a great part of his life debunking mediums and spiritulists, and made arrangements to contact his wife if he passed over before she did. Ironically, he died on Halloween and as far as anyone knows, has never made contact from the other side.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/HarryHoudini1899.jpg/225px-HarryHoudini1899.jpg
Erik Weisz, aka Harry Houdini

...in 1892, Arthur Conan Doyle published his first collection of Sherlock Holmes stories in book form, called The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. Several short stories featuring the detective had been published prior to that event. Doyle was actually educated as a doctor at the University of Edinburgh where one of his teachers was partial inspiration for Holmes. Doyle was knighted in 1902, not for writing, but for his work in a South African hospital.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Conan_doyle.jpg/200px-Conan_doyle.jpg
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859 - 1930)

...in 1992, the Catholic Church restored Galileo Galilei. For centuries, the Catholic Church was firmly rooted in the geocentric concept that the earth did not move because it was the center of the universe. Galileo believed in the Copernican theory that the earth revolved around the sun, or a heliocentric concept of the universe. Because he stood for his beliefs, in 1633 the church banned publication of his work and sentenced him to house arrest for his heretical views. In 1992, Pope John Paul II expressed regret over Galileo and officially conceded that the earth does, in fact, move.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg/225px-Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg
Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642)

...in 1941, Mount Rushmore was completed, at least, as far as it will every be completed. (There were plans to sculpt the busts to the waist, which models show, but the monument was, and likely will never be, completed to that level.) Sculptor, Gutzon Borglum, worked on the monument until his death in March of 1941. His son, Lincoln Borglum, continued the work and completed the last drilling on this date in 1941. The monument was not formally dedicated, as the US became embroiled in World War II shortly afterward. During the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the completion of the monument, in a speech on July 3, 1991, President George H.W. Bush dedicated the memorial.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gutzon_Borglum%27s_model_of_Mt._Rushmore_memorial. jpg/800px-Gutzon_Borglum%27s_model_of_Mt._Rushmore_memorial. jpg
This model of the proposed sculture is on the site. Funding ran out in 1941,
after Gutzon Borglum's death.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Dean_Franklin_-_06.04.03_Mount_Rushmore_Monument_%28by-sa%29-3_new.jpg/800px-Dean_Franklin_-_06.04.03_Mount_Rushmore_Monument_%28by-sa%29-3_new.jpg
The completed sculpture. You can see the beginnings of Washington's coat but the
sculpting to the figures' waists was never completed.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 34 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1512, the Sistine Chapel in Rome was opened to the public for the first time, after the completion of Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni's little paint job on the ceiling. Michelangelo was apprenticed at the age of 13 and his obvious talent caused him to be taken under the wing of Lorenzo de' Medici, you may recall from your world history class that the de' Medici family pretty much ran Florence at that time. His sculptures, Pietà and David stunned the art world (as they continue to do today) and he was commissioned to paint frescoes on the ceiling of the chapel, the most sacred consecrated location in the Vatican. (Fresco is a technique of applying paint to wet plaster, making the paint a part of the wall surface.) The ceiling took many years to complete, with nine panels dedicated to biblical scenes. The most famous is The Creation of Adam which is revered and warmly parodied.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/The_Creation_of_Adam.jpg/800px-The_Creation_of_Adam.jpg
"Pull my finger."

After completion of the epic work, he returned to Florence where he pursued architecture. (He designed the famous dome of St. Peter's Basilica, one of the most astounding feats of Renaissance engineering.) He returned to Rome in 1534 and painted The Last Judgment above the alter in the Sistine Chapel. He worked until his death at the age of 88.

The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel was restored in the 20th Century. The project began in 1979 and was unveiled in 1999. The restoration was not without its critics and remains controversial. You can learn more about the restoration and see some striking photos of the work on this site (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restoration_of_the_Sistine_Chapel_frescoes).

...in 1927, the factories of Ford Motor Company began to manufacture The New Ford. When the 15 Millionth Model T was driven off the line in May of 1927 by Henry and Edsel Ford, all production stopped. Henry was reported to have said, "Well, Boys, we better get busy designing a new one." Never before, or since, has a model ceased production before a new one was designed. Henry Ford wanted to be a leader, not a follower, so a six cylinder engine was out of the question. He had been working on a V-8, but it was not ready, so an interim vehicle needed to be designed. The result was the Model A. Henry said it was not the Model U, because they wiped the slate clean and started over with an all-new Ford. Detroit actually went into a mini-recession for the six months that Ford wasn't building cars, besides Ford laying off workers, buyers were not purchasing new cars while they waited to see what The New Ford would be. It was a beauty, Edsel had driven the styling of The New Ford, based on Lincoln designs, and the Model A was also known as The Baby Lincoln. There were 5 million Model A's built in the four years of production, into Spring of 1932, when the revolutionary Ford flathead V-8 was introduced. The Model A was offered in a wide array of body styles, coupes, sedans, roadsters, touring (phaeton) and trucks. You can read more at the website of the Model A Ford Club of America (http://www.mafca.com/index.html).

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/1928_Fordor.jpg
The New Ford - a 1928 Model A Fordor

...in 1947, with Howard Hughs at the controls, the world's largest airplane took flight. The H-4 Hercules, more popularly known as "The Spruce Goose," was the brainchild of Howard Hughs and Kaiser Aircraft as a massive troop carrier. The flying boat was conceived during World War II with the proviso that it could not contain aluminum or any other metal considered vital to the war effort. It was called the HK-1 for Hughes-Kaiser Design 1. Fairchild Aircraft had developed a process called "Duramold" that Hughes purchased to build his aircraft. Duramold was a laminate of wood, grains alternating perpendicular to the previous layer, with plastic glue between layers. The laminate was formed into shapes and cured with heat, completing components that many engineers considered to be lighter and stronger than aluminum. Kaiser pulled out of the project and Hughes renamed the craft H-4 for Hughes Aircraft's fourth design. The flying boat had taken too long and gone over budget, and at the completion of WWII was no longer needed. On this date, Hughs flew the craft for little over a mile at 70 feet of altitude, proving it would fly. Hughes put it into hibernation at a cost of $1 million per year. After his death in 1976, the craft wound up in the hands of the Wrather Corporation and went on display next to the Queen Mary. After Jack Wrather died, his assets were purchased by Disney Corporation, which discontinued the display. The Spruce Goose was transferred to the Evergreen International Aviation & Space Museum (http://www.sprucegoose.org/aircraft_artifacts/exhibits.html) in McMinnville, Oregon.

http://www.sprucegoose.org/images/H4Flight1.jpg
The H-4 Hercules "Spruce Goose" few on November 1, 1947

...in 1993, the Maastricht Treaty took effect. The treaty formally established the European Union, creating a central bank, one currency and security measures. Twelve nations form the EU, Great Britain, France, Germany, the Irish Republic, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece, Denmark, Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands. In 1995, they were joined by Austria, Finland and Sweden. Through centuries of history, these nations have been at each others' throats with centuries of bloody wars but now, economic conditions have brought them all together.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/European_Central_Bank_041107.jpg/180px-European_Central_Bank_041107.jpg
The European Central Bank in
Frankfurt is in charge of the
Eurozone monetary system. The
€ sign in front of the bank is the
official symbol for the Euro, just as
the $ is for US currency, £ is for the
British Pound and the ¥ is for the
Japanese Yen. The € symbol is
based on the Greek character,
Epsilon.

...in 1938, the race of the year was held at Pimlico Race Track, when War Admiral, the son of the great race horse, Man o' War, met the popular rags-to-riches horse, Seabiscuit. The build-up to the race was huge and over a year in length. War Admiral was the favorite, posting 1 to 4 while Seabiscuit was 2 to 1. The largest crowd in Pimlico history was on hand, millions were listing on an NBC radio hookup and newsreel cameras cranking, the race was ready to start. There were two false starts. The third time was the charm and the two giants of racing were off with Seabiscuit winning by three lengths. The time of the race was 1:56 3/5 which broke the Pimlico record. At the year end, War Admiral had won more races, but Seabiscuit was Horse of the Year. (And had two movies made about himself. Two? The first one, in 1949, starred Shirley Temple and Barry Fitzgerald and isn't well liked. ) You can watch the race on YouTube, Seabiscuit v. War Admiral (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVT2MPNCqgM).

http://horseracing.about.com/library/graphics/photos/seawar.jpg

...in 1924, a famous lawman was shot and killed. It is rather distressing that we've all heard of Butch Cassidy, Billy the Kid, the Clantons, the Youngers and Jesse James, but you've never heard of William Tilghman - until now. Tilghman was born in Fort Dodge, Iowa and left home at the age of 16. He started his career in a less that auspicious style by trying his hand at rustling, but when that didn't work out, he went straight and settled in Dodge City. He was a deputy sheriff of Ford County, and later marshal. In 1891, he became a US Marshall for Kansas and Oklahoma, where he helped establish law and order by arresting many of the big-name criminals of the day. He served a term as a legislator, was police chief in Oklahoma City and made a movie, but in 1924, he couldn't stay away from the badge and became a marshal. He was shot and killed at the age of 71, reportedly by a corrupt prohibition agent. Tilghman was respected for his tenacity and bravery, even Teddy Roosevelt said Tilghman "...would charge into Hell with a bucket." The more famous lawman, Bat Masterson simply said, "Tilghman was the greatest of them all."

http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~oklincol/tilghman/bill2_s.jpg
-William "Bill" Tilghman
(1854-1924)

...in 1959, Jacques Plante of the Montreal Canadiens put on a mask, the first goalie to do so. His coach threw a fit, the crowd razed him mercilessly, but he didn't care. "I already had four broken noses, a broken jaw, two broken cheekbones and almost 200 stitches in my head," he said. "I didn’t care how the mask looked." It must have been effective because he was one of the best goalies ever and played until 1975. (Other goalies had tried masks in the past, but complained of the masks blocking their view of the puck, so they abandoned them. Plante's was the first successful mask.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Plante_Mask.jpg/180px-Plante_Mask.jpg
The first hockey goalie mask
as developed by Jaques Plante.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 26 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1948, Democratic incumbent Harry S. Truman defeated his Republican challenger, Governor Thomas E. Dewey of New York. In those days, unlike today (nod, nod, wink, wink) the press was firmly in the tank for Thomas Dewey and all indication were that he would easily defeat the surprisingly unpopular Truman. He went on a last minute whistle stop campaign, projecting himself as an outsider with a do-nothing Congress. (You see, history does repeat itself!) Before all the votes were in, the Chicago Tibune printed an early edition with the banner headline, DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN. When the smoke cleared, Truman had won by a slim margin.

http://www.chicagotribune.com/media/photo/2008-01/34569547.jpg
"That ain't the way we heard it!"

...in 1920, KDKA radio in Pittsburgh became the first radio station to broadcast the results of the Presidential election between James M. Cox and Warren G. Harding. It represented the first major news broadcast via radio. By 1922, there were over 500 radio stations broadcasting and receivers began selling at quite a clip. A museum of radio is located in Ligonier, Indiana, between South Bend and Fort Wayne on the old Lincoln Highway. It's worth a stop to see what radio was like in those pioneer days.

(UPDATE: Sadly, the curator of the Radio Museum passed away in 2009. The collection has been sold and the museum is now closed.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/ihrp6m1.jpg

...in 1960, a court handed down a verdict of Not Guilty in the landmark obscenity case brought against Penguin Books for publishing an uncensored version of D.H. Lawrence's Lady Chatterly's Lover about the wife of a wealthy, paralyzed nobleman and the estate's gamekeeper. If was first published in Florence in 1928, Paris in 1929 and a censored version in London in 1932. In 1959, the full text was published in New York and London in 1960. Lawrence's titles included Sons and Lovers (an autobiographical novel) The Rainbow, The White Peacock and Women in Love. He died of tuberculosis, at the age of 44, in 1930. "Ours is essentially a tragic age, so we refuse to take it tragically."

...in 1912, the end of the Old West began when the enormous XIT Ranch, in the panhandle of Texas, sold its last head of cattle. The giant operation was the largest cattle ranch ever, owning over 3,000,000 acres spread over 9 counties. It was owned by a Chicago business syndicate, led by the Farwell Brothers, John V. and Charles B. Farwell, formed in 1885 to capitalize on the demand for western beef. The ranch also erected 325 windmills and built 100 dams. By 1905, as bonds (that had been sold to capitalize the venture) became due and the ranch still wasn't profitable, the land started to be subdivided and by 1912, the giant venture was out of the cattle business.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/XIT_cowboys.jpg

What ranch-hand cowboys really looked like - not the way Hollywood always portrays them.

...in 1993, Christie Todd Whitman was elected governor of New Jersey, the first woman to govern the state. She was the second woman in the United States, and first Republican woman, to defeat an incumbant governor. An enthusiast of Scottish Terriers, she sent a puppy, named Barney, to President and Laura Bush at the White House. Whitman was also the Administrator of the EPA in the Bush Administration from 2001 to 2003. Today she is a director of Texas Instruments and United Technologies. In her book, It's My Party, Too! she said, "The defining feature of the conservative viewpoint is a faith in the ability, and a respect for the right, of individuals to make their own decisions - economic, social, and spiritual - about their lives. The true conservative understands that government's track record in respecting individual rights is poor when it dictates individual choices."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Barney-20040908.jpg
Barney gives his first press briefing,
September 8, 2004. He was a gift to the
Bush family from Christine Todd Whitman.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/WhitmanChristineTodd.jpg
Christine Todd Whitman in
her Official Portrait from the EPA.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 25 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1941, the Combined Japanese Fleet received Top-Secret Order Number 1: The United States Naval Base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii is to be bombed in 34 days. The order also said harbors at Mayala, the Dutch East Indies and the Philippines would also be bombed. The thought was that with the American navy severely damaged, the Japanese Navy could act with impunity in the Pacific. It was also believed that with the Americans facing conflict in Europe that a favorable peace would be negotiable. Admiral Yamamoto, who masterminded the strategy, feared the Americans would react in just the opposite way, and with their superior industrial might, could crush the Empire. He is reported to have said about the strategy planed for December 7, "I can run wild for six months … after that, I have no expectation of success." The decisive Battle of Midway, that turned the tide against the Japanese Navy, ended on June 7, 1941, exactly six months after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Japanese Admiral Hara Tadaichi summed up the Japanese result by saying, "We won a great tactical victory at Pearl Harbor and thereby lost the war."

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/727px-Pearl_Harbor_looking_southwes.jpg
Pearl Harbor was a peaceful looking place
on October 30, 1941. Did anyone know what
was lurking in the future? Conspiracy theorists
claim the Roosevelt Administration knew that
Secret Order No. 1 had been issued.

...in 1900, Adolph "Adi" Dassler was born in Hersongenaurach, Bavaria. He trained as a cobbler and in 1924, he and his older brother, Rudolph, began to make sports shoes at the Gebruder Dassler Schufabrik. At the 1928 Olympics, Dassler supplied track shoes to several athletes, setting up for international expansion. In 1936, he supplied shoes to Jesse Owens, the first African-American to receive corporate sponsorship. With the rise of Hitler to power in the 1930s, the brothers joined the Nazi Party. Rudi was the zealot, Adi joined just to be able to continue to sell shoes. Rudi was drafted and captured by the Allies while Adi continued to make boots for the Wehrmacht. Rudi was suspected of being part of the SS, which he blamed on Adi. It opened a rift between them that never healed. In 1948, Rudi left the company to found Puma. Adi renamed the company adidas, specifically using all lowercase letters. His son, Horst Dassler, founded Arena, maker of swimming equipment.

http://www.funnypictures.net.au/images/corocodile-or-alligator-converse-funny-shoes1.jpg (http://www.funnypictures.net.au/2008-02/)
What started out as reinforcement for track shoes
became the familiar adidas logo, three stripes. The trademark
is so fiercely protected that it cannot even be used for
educational purposes. As a result, the logo was removed
from this post under threa...well...it was removed.

...in 1981, relief pitcher, Rollie Fingers won the Cy Young award for the Milwaukee Brewers. Fingers has 341 career saves and, with fellow reliever Dennis Eckersley, is in the Hall of Fame. He has slipped to eigth on the all-time saves list and will probably slip further. In the heady days when Fingers and Eckersley were relieving, a relief pitcher was usually asked to come into the game and pitch two or three innings to save a game. Today, a closer comes into the game to pitch the 9th inning, or less, to earn a save. Had Fingers been used that way, he says he "...could have had 650 or 700 saves." He's probably right. Just one year later...

...in 1982, Pete Vuckovitch won the Cy Young Award for the Milwaukee Brewers. The Brewers lost the world series to St. Louis in a heartbreaking 7th game.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Sports/FINGERS85LEAF-1.jpg http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Sports/3025786780_cc888799c5_o.jpg
Rollie Fingers and Pete Vuckovich.
Vuckovich's shoes don't match. Hmmm.

...in 1931, from Washington, D.C., President Herbert Hoover turned a golden key that rang bells in Detroit, Michigan USA and Windsor, Ontario Canada, signaling the opening the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel. It was the first international tunnel constructed for vehicular traffic (two railroad tunnels preceded it.) It was constructed by digging a trench in the river bottom and a giant tube was floated on the river's surface, then sunk into the trench. Even though it is 75 feet below the river bottom, a no-anchor zone is strictly enforced. The tunnel also served as a freeway for illegal liquor to be smuggled into the dry United States, still under the Volstead Act. The tunnel was opened a year ahead of schedule and cost $23 million. It is 5,160 feet long and can handle up to 2,000 cars per hour. Motorcycles are prohibited. Today, the tunnel is operated by a corporation that is a joint venture between Detroit and Windsor, and it remains a vital international transportation link.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8e/DWTunnel.JPG/250px-DWTunnel.JPG
The Detroit-Windsor Tunnel is
one of two ways to cross the
Detroit River. The other is the
Ambassador Bridge (http://bridgehunter.com/mi/wayne/ambassador/), opened in 1928.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f4/DetroitWindsorTunnelbordercrossing.jpg/120px-DetroitWindsorTunnelbordercrossing.jpg
You actually travel south from Detroit
to cross into Windsor, Ontario,
America's northern neighbor.

...in 1862, Dr. Richard Gatling received a patent for a machine gun. He sincerely believed that the weapon, that fired an astounding 200 rounds per minute, would threaten to cause so much carnage that it would end the Civil War. Modern Gattling guns are capable of firing 3900 rounds per minute - that's 65 shots per second. Dr. Gatling also patented a rice planting device that became a successful wheat drill, but Dr. Gatling is best remembered for the awful weapon that bears his name.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Gatling_gun.jpg/180px-Gatling_gun.jpg
An 1876 version of Dr. Gatling's
invention, on display at the
Fort Laramie Museum.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 22 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1939, at the National Auto Show in Chicago, a Packard automobile featured the first air conditioning unit in an automobile. The innovation created a stir and a lot of interest, but the price was well out of the range of the typical automobile buyer. (Air conditioning was a $274 option on the Packard, already one of the priciest automobiles in the marketplace.) It was not until the 1970's that air conditioning started to become a regular feature on most automobiles because, once people had an air conditioned car, they never wanted to give it up.

http://oldcarandtruckpictures.com/Packard/1936Packard-V12-Formal-Sedan.jpg

...in 1922, an archaeologist from Great Britain, Howard Carter and his crew, discovered a step that led them to the yet undiscovered, tomb of 18 year old King Tutankhamen. The interior of the tomb was intact, rare for the tombs in the area, as most had been raided over the centuries. While thousands of objects were recovered from the tomb, the most astounding was a stone sarcophagu that contained three nested coffins, the last being solid gold and containing the mummy of King Tut, the boy-king, preserved for more than 3,000 years.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Egypt.KV62.01.jpg
King Tutankhamen's tomb. Those panels read:
"The queen
Of hearts
Now loves the knave
King Tut
Ran out of
Burma Shave."

...in 1956, the Soviet Union sent armored troops into Budapest to crush weeks of protests and faltering political controls. Beginning as a student protest on October 23, Hungarian protesters demanded a more democratic government and freedom from the iron rule of the Soviets. The students were fired upon by the government-controlled police and once the word spread, militias sprang up all over Hungary. As a result, the puppet government fell and rebels demanded a more democratic government. The Soviets installed Imre Nagy to run the country. He restored the peace and asked the Soviets to withdraw, which they did. Nagy then tried to abolish the one-party system and announced Hungary would withdraw from the Warsaw Pact. In response, the Soviets invaded and, despite great efforts by the rebels, killed thousands of Hungarians. Nagy was taken into custody and executed. Discussion about the rebellion was supressed for decades, but after the Soviet Union collapsed, discussion has been intense. October 23 is now a national holiday.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/1956_hungarians_stalin_head.jpg
Hungarian rebels pose with the desecrated
statue of Joseph Stalin, pulled down during the
rebellion of 1956.

...in 1979, students who were followers of Ayatollah Khomeini stormed the US Embassy in Tehran, seizing the complex and taking 90 Americans hostage. The deposed Shah of Iran was scheduled to undergo medical treatment in the United States, and the radical Islamic fundamentalists were enragaed over the reports of the Shah's treatment. They threatened to start murdering the hostages if the Shah entered the US or if there was any rescue attempt. President Jimmy Carter botched negotiations from day one, the Iranian leader resigned and the Ayatollah Khomeini took control of the country, as well as control of the hostages. 14 days after seizing the embassy, the Ayatollah released non-American captives, along with female and minority Americans, using them as propaganda tools as the oppressed people in the United States. Years later, the Ayatollah said in his memoirs that once no Cruise missiles landed in Tehran, he knew he had President Carter by the bal...well...he knew he was in control. He played the American press like a violin and continued to make President Carter look like the weak and ineffective leader that he was. Carter ordered an ill-conceived and poorly executed rescue on April 24, 1980, that cost eight American soldiers their lives with no hostages rescued because the mission never came close to Tehran. The Shah died in Egypt, but the crisis continued because Khomeini, and not Carter, was in control. When Ronald Reagan defeated Carter in the 1980 election, it was obvious there was a new sheriff coming to town, one with far more brass than the previous one. Khomeini decided negotiation with Reagan, through Algerian intermediaries, was better than risking the consequences with an unknown quantity. Within minutes of Reagan's innauguration, the hostages were on a plane out of Iran and on their way home, ending their 444 day ordeal. Jimmy Carter, in a rather audacious move, met the hostages in West Germany to welcome them home.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7c/Ahmadinejad_alleged.JPG
Iranian militants parade an American hostage
before the Iranian media. This image of a historical
event is used here for educational purposes only and
may not be reproduced.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 21 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1895, George B. Selden received a patent for a gasoline powered automobile. He claimed to have conceived the device during the Civil War. The patent was issued for what he termed a "road engine," basically a high-wheeled buckboard with an engine instead of horses. He never actually built the device, and his concepts were far behind those of contemporary designs, but his patent assured a monopoly against anyone building a self-powered vehicle. Selden created a syndicate that collected royalties from auto manufacturers, but in 1903, the newly formed Ford Motor Company refused to pay the royalty. Selden sued. The case dragged out until 1909, when a New York Court ruled in favor of the ALAM, the Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers. Ford appealed, and on September 15, 1911 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index283.html#post683292), the ruling was overturned and the Selden patent was broken.

http://inventors.about.com/library/graphics/selden.gif
In 1911, a judge finally ruled that Selden's patent
did not fully describe an automobile, and since Selden
had not actually ever built a prototype, the patent was
invalid. With the breaking of the Selden Patent, the way
was cleared for Henry Ford to dominate the market with
the venerable Model T.

...in 1960, country star Johnny Horton, who's hit The Battle of New Orleans reached number 1 in 1959, died in an automobile accident after playing his last show at the Skyliner, in Austin, Texas. In 1953, Hank Williams also played his last show at the Skyliner before he perished in his chauffer-driven automobile. To add to the irony, Jahnny Horton's widow was Billie Jean Jones, who married Horton in 1953, after the death of her second husband, Hank Williams.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b8/Johnny_Horton.jpg
John Gale Horton (1925 - 1960)

...in 1988, three NBA teams inaugurated new arenas. In Auburn Hills, Michigan, the Pistons defeated the Charlotte Hornets, 94-85. In Miami, Florida, the Heat lost to the Los Angeles Clippers, 111-91 and in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the Atlanta Hawks defeated the Bucks 107-94. Ironically, the Hawks had moved from Milwaukee in 1955.

...in 1872, Susan B. Anthony voted in an election in Rochester, New York. She used the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution to back her claim for the right to vote, because of the wording, "all persons born and naturalized in the United States...are citizens of the United States." She assumed that by that definition, she was a citizen of the United States and as a citizen, was entitled to the "privileges" of citizens of the United States, which in the eyes of Susan B. Anthony, meant the right to vote. She lost her trial and was fined $100.00 of which she never paid a penny.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/1999_SBA_Obv_P.png/150px-1999_SBA_Obv_P.png
Obverse Susie B Dollar Coin.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/1999_SBA_Rev_P.png/150px-1999_SBA_Rev_P.png
Reverse Susie B Dollar Coin.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 26 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1982, a human black widow, named Shirley (Goude, Sinclair, Gregg) Allen was arrested for using ethylene glycol (anti-freeze) to poison her husband, Lloyd Allen. Lloyd was Shirley's sixth husband and the second to die under mysterious circumstances. The other four divorced her while they still had the chance to do so. John Gregg, the unfortunate husband from a 1977 marriage, died in 1978. Shirley was particularly steamed that he had taken her name off his life insurance policy, leaving her with nothing. Lloyd had complained of his coffee tasting odd, but she told him it was an iron supliment. Another previous husband, Joe Sinclair, baled when he thought his coffee tasted a bit odd, too. Shirley was turned in by her daughter, convicted after a four day trial and sentenced to life in 1983.

...in 1899, James Ward Packard completed building his first automobile. The wire manufacturer from Warren, Ohio, bought one of Alexander Winton's cars but it gave him trouble. After working on the Winton and all but rebuilding it, he decided he could build a better car, and did. Henry Bourne Joy bought a Packard in 1902, and liked the car so much that he bought the company and moved it to Detroit. Packard automobiles were some of the finest built and were sold under the slogan, "Ask the man who owns one."

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/EB01c010.jpg
Packard Number 1. The identity of the driver is
unknown, but it looks like Henry B. Joy, who
bought the company in 1902 and moved it to
Detroit.

...in 1906, President Teddy Roosevelt made a 17 day sojourn to Panama and Puerto Rico. He had a great interest in the area after serving in the Spanish-American War, where Puerto Rico became a protectorate. Both President McKinley and President Roosevelt, who took over the Presidency after McKinley's assassination, had promised to help Puerto Rico set up an autonomous government but also offered Puerto Ricans American citizenship. Roosevelt also visited the construction site of the Panama Canal. The project had undergone numerous problems of disease and morale, even bankruptcy, when President Roosevelt had the United States take over the project. His interest resulted in the palindrome (it reads the same forward and backwards) A MAN A PLAN A CANAL PANAMA!

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/1906_roosevelt_01.jpg
President Roosevelt (white suit inside
the shovel cab) visited the construction
site in 1906. Many of the cranes and shovels
were built by Harnischfeger and Bucyrus in
Wisconsin. The project was undertaken by
French interests in 1880 but failed. The US
took over the project in 1906, completing the
canal in 1914. 80,000 people were involved in
the construction and 30,000 people died during
the 34 year project.

...in 1995, Art Modell moved his NFL team out of Cleveland and into Baltimore. After Cleveland had built a new baseball stadium and basketball arena, Modell expected a new football stadium, too, but he didn't think one was coming. Baltimore, still smarting from the Colts moving to Indianapolis under the cover of darkness, wanted a team badly enough to make an offer that Modell couldn't refuse. The fans and Cleveland were more than outraged and sued the NFL. Although they lost the team, they were able to keep the team records, history and most importanly, the name Browns, forcing Modell to rename his team the Ravens. The NFL "deactivated" the Cleveland franchise, agreeing to reactivate the franchise whether a team would relocate to Cleveland or an expansion team would be granted. An expansion team came to Cleveland in 1999, but if you ask a Cleveland football fan about Art Modell and the NFL, be prepared for an earful. Modell has been unable to return to Cleveland, even missing funerals, because of the backlash of the Cleveland fans. Meanwhile, in Baltimore, fans and veterans alike are still upset with the way Robert Irsay moved the Colts out of Baltimore under the cover of darkness in 1986. Johnny Unitas and other Colts veterans cut all ties to the Colts franchise. Along with fans, Unitas et. al. consider the Ravens to be the continuation of the old Baltimore franchise.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2c/AFCN-Uniform-CLE.PNG/275px-AFCN-Uniform-CLE.PNG
The Browns are the only NFL team to not
use a helmet logo. (State line rivals, the
Pittsburgh Steelers, have a logo on only
one side of the helmet.) The Browns colors
and basic uniform design harken all the way
back to their 1946 formation.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 32 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1874, the Republican Party was represented in a Thomas Nast cartoon as an elephant. The cartoon was published in Harper's Weekly as were most Nast cartoons. The image stuck, and to this day, the elephant is the symbol of the party. (Nast drew a similar cartoon depicting a jackass kicking a dead lion. The jackass represented Democrat interests and it soon became the symbol for the Democrat party. That cartoon appeared in Harper's Weekly in the January 19, 1870 issue.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/NastRepublicanElephant.jpg/800px-NastRepublicanElephant.jpg

...in 1917, the Bolshevek Revolution began as Vladamir Lenin's forces overthrew the Czarist government of Russia. (Apparently, they wanted change, too, and look what they got!)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Lenin.jpg/225px-Lenin.jpg
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin
(1870 - 1924)

...in 1991, Earvin "Magic" Johnson announced his retirement from the NBA. The startling news came in the middle of what would become a Hall of Fame career, but even moreso because he announced that he was HIV Positive. In 13 years with the Los Angeles Lakers, Johnson amassed impressive statistics, including five NBA World Championships. Today, he is a successful businessman and advocate for AIDS survivors. He is proof that AIDS is not a death sentence as it once was, but a manageable condition.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Earvin_%22Magic%22_Johnson_on_%2707.jpg/200px-Earvin_%22Magic%22_Johnson_on_%2707.jpg
Earvin "Magic" Johnson ca. 2007
(1959 - )

...in 1940, the Tacoma Narrows Bridge, popularly known as Gallopin' Gertie, collapsed. It opened to great fanfare in 1940, but a critical design flaw led to the nickname and the eventual failure. It was the third longest suspension bridge in the world when it opened, but the winds in the Tacoma Narrows happened to reach the natural frequency of the bridge, causing it to sway at first, then dance in a perfect sine wave. The last car on the bridge was that of Leonard Cotsworth, the copy editor of the Tacoma News-Tribune. In a famous film of the collapse, Cotsworth can be seen struggling to walk back to the end of the bridge, while his daughter's black cocker spaniel stayed in the car and refused to come out. The dog was the only fatality in the collapse.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5c/TacomaNarrowsBridgeCollapse_in_color.jpg (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-zczJXSxnw)
Oops. Click on the photo to watch the dramatic video of
the collapse of Gallopin' Gertie.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/TopViewNarrows.jpg/250px-TopViewNarrows.jpg
Today, two spans carry traffic across the narrows. The replacement for
Gallopin' Gertie took until 1950 to build because of steel shortages during
World War II and was promptly dubbed Sturdy Gertie. By 2000, the bridge was
not sufficient to carry the traffic load, so a second span was added. Sturdy Gertie
now carries westbound traffic while the new span, that opened in 2007, carries
eastbound traffic.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

PS - It was still Eastern Daylight Time when this post was made, but at 2:00 AM, we
reverted to Eastern Standard Time. Did you remember to set your clocks back?

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 31 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen began serious research and experimentation with a type of radiation that, he observed, passed through cardboard and other materials. He called the radiation X-rays because of their unknown properties. He discovered medical uses for X-rays by making an image of his wife's hand, in which she was wearing a ring, the first X-ray image of a human body part. Röntgen received the first-ever Nobel Prize for Physics because of his work. Today, the unit of measure for radiation is called a "Röntgen" and in many parts of the world, X-rays are called Röntgen Rays. (Others continued the work, Thomas Edison developed a useful X-ray tube and Nicola Tesla, Edison's biggest competitor, recognized the harmful effects of X-rays on human tissue. Edison's assistant, Clarence Daily, died of skin cancer but the effects of radiation damage were still misunderstood. In fact, shoe stores, starting in the '30s and well into the '50s, had X-ray machines to verify proper fit of shoes before anyone thought that wasn't such a bright idea.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Anna_Berthe_Roentgen.gif
Hand mit Ringen (Hand with Ring): Print of
Wilhelm Röntgen's (1845-1923) first x-ray,
the hand of his wife Anna taken on
December 22, 1895 and presented to
Professor Ludwig Zehnder of the
Physik Institut, University of Freiburg, on 1 January 1896.

...in 1923, Adolph Hitler led what has become known as the Beer Hall Putsch, his first attempt to take control of the German government. The Treaty of Versailles imposed huge war reparation payments upon Germany that strained the German government in attempts to meet the demands. The value of the Mark plummeted and inflation ran rampant. The population was discontent and ready to blame anyone for the problems they faced, and Hitler provided them with a perfect scapegoat, German Jews. On this date in 1923, Hitler and his storm troopers burst into a beer hall where Bavarian leaders were meeting with business leaders. At gunpoint, the leaders pledged allegiance to Hitler's new regime, but repudiated the pledge the next day. Hitler was arrested, and while in jail, wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) and in 1932, led the Nazi party to majority control in the Reichstag (sort of like our Congress) and eventually displaced the Kaiser in 1934, setting the stage for Hitler's grand plan of genocide and world domination.

...in 1956, over the protestation of Henry Ford II, the Ford Motor Company decided to name a new automobile after Edsel Bryant Ford. Edsel was the son of founder, Henry Ford and father of Henry Ford II and was president of Ford Motor Company from 1919 until his death in 1943. The Edsel was supposed to be a whole new automobile, unlike anything else on the road, and would be a new division of Ford Motor Company to compete with the Buick and Oldsmobile lines over at GM. The design was certainly unlike anything else on the road and included new, high-tech gadgets including a push-button transmission control in the steering wheel. Unfortunately, the country went into a minor recession and the market was not ready for a new upscale brand. At the last minute, Ford decided to scrub the idea of a new division and Edsels were built on the same line with the Ford full size cars, much to the dismay of the auto workers. The product was not warmly received and was plagued with quality problems. Today, Edsel is no longer remembered as Edsel Ford, a brilliant automotive executive and designer, but as Edsel Division, a colossal business failure, right up there with New Coke.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Edsel_Citation_Convertible_1958.jpg/250px-Edsel_Citation_Convertible_1958.jpg
The 1958 Edsel was often referred to
as an Olds sucking a lemon, or worse.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Edsel_1959.jpg/250px-Edsel_1959.jpg
The 1959 Edsel was probably the best
looking of the bunch.

Television Trivia Alert! In order to promote the Edsel, Ford Motor Company invested in a television extravaganza called The Edsel Show hosted by Bing Crosby. It was broadcast on October 13 1957 and featured Frank Sinatra, Rosemary Clooney (George's mother, by the way) and Louis Armstrong. Bob Hope made an appearance on the show, ironically, it was Hope who later used the Edsel as part of his routine, calling it "...an Olds sucking a lemon." The star-studded cast assured a large audience, and it did, as The Edsel Show was one of the highest rated programs of the entire year. It was a historic event, not because of the sponsorship of Ford Motor Company, but because it was the very first CBS production to be broadcast live to the east coast from Hollywood, video taped, and played back to the west coast audience three hours later. That is no big deal today, of course, but it certainly was a big deal in 1957! The video tape of The Edsel Show recently resurfaced and is being used for research purposes. Images from the program can be seen on Kris Trexler's King Of The Road (http://www.kingoftheroad.net/) website on a special page about The Edsel Show (http://www.kingoftheroad.net/edsel/edselshow1.html) and can be seen by clicking on the link.

In fact, you can even watch the opening montage of The Edsel Show (http://www.kingoftheroad.net/edsel/edselshow2.html) by clicking on the title.

...in 2006, Donald Rumsfeld resigned as Secretary of Defense.

...in 1970, Tom Dempsey set an NFL record for the longest field goal of 63 yards, giving the hapless New Orleans Saints a last second victory over the Detroit Lions. Dempsey was born in 1947 in Milwaukee but grew up in California where he took up place kicking. He was born without a right foot or a right hand. He wore a specially designed shoe that fit over a prosthetic foot, made of wood. His critics claimed the shape of his prosthetic foot gave him an advantage over other kickers. A special rule was created, the Dempsey Rule, that states that anyone with an artificial limb has to wear conventional shoes. Dempsey's record still stands, although it was tied by Jason Elam of the Denver Broncos in 1998. It's a record that is likely to stand for a long time - according to the NFL, a new longest field goal record has only been set four times in the history of the league.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/88/Tom_dempsey.jpg
Tom Dempsey's feet.

Video: Tom Dempsey's Feat (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zrxTjgFYoU8).

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 22 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1938, a night of terror, organized destruction of homes, businesses and property, as well as beatings and murders, took place in Germany. The pogrom has become known as Kristallnacht ("Night of Broken Glass") because of the cost of the glass broken in the looting of Jewish businesses. The attacks were performed by SS storm troopers under orders from Joseph Goebbels, the Nazi minister of propaganda, with emphasis on arresting as many Jews as possible for transport to concentration camps. Reinhard Heydrich, second in command of the Gestapo, reported to Goebbels that Kristallnacht resulted in "...815 shops destroyed, 171 dwellings set on fire or destroyed, 119 synagogues were set on fire and another 76 completely destroyed. 20,000 Jews were arrested, 36 deaths were reported and those seriously injured were also numbered at 36." The damages were far beyond Hedrich's report, with 92 murdered and over 7500 shops looted. There were several cases of rape. In an incredible irony, rapists were expelled from the Nazi party and turned over to the police for prosecution, because Nazi law prohibited intercourse between Jews and Germans. Those who murdered Jews, though, were not punished because they were "following orders." Those who survived were forced to pay for the damages inflicted, and insurance companies faced bankruptcy because of the claims. To help out, the Nazis confiscated the insurance funds and returned them to the companies so they could remain solvent.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/74/1938_Interior_of_Berlin_synagogue_after_Kristallna cht.jpg
A synagogue destroyed during Kristallnacht.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Plaque_on_the_New_Synagogue.JPG/180px-Plaque_on_the_New_Synagogue.JPG
This synagogue is 100 years old
and was set ablaze on 9 November
1938 by the Nazis IN KRISTALLNACHT

During the Second World War 1939-1945
it was destroyed by 1943 bombing raids

The façade of this house of God shall
remain forever a site of remembrance

NEVER FORGET

The Jewish Community of Greater Berlin
The Directorate

...in 1960, Robert McNamara became President of Ford Motor Company. He was one of a group of 10 military intelligence and logistics officers that offered themselves to American industry to the highest bidder - the rule was all ten were hired, or no one was hired. Henry Ford II was the highest bidder. The group became known as the "Quiz Kids" because they haunted every department at Ford, asking questions about how and why certain procedures were used. The team helped turn Ford from a money loser to a money maker, and the moniker changed to the "Whiz Kids." McNamara would only serve for about two months, because in January, 1961, he was selected by President-Elect Kennedy to serve as his Secretary of Defense, where he would become a controversial figure because of the Viet Nam situation.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Robert_McNamara_official_portrait.jpg/250px-Robert_McNamara_official_portrait.jpg
Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara

...in 1975, the giant ore freighter, SS Edmund Fitzgerald departed the ore docks of Superior, Wisconsin at 2:15 PM, embarking on its 749th and final voyage. The ship would sail into infamy in the evening hours of November 10.

http://www.ssefo.com/_images/design/fitz.jpg
The SS Edmund Fitzgerald

...in 1989, the government of East Germany opened the Berlin Wall, allowing free travel between the sections of the divided city for the first time since the construction of the wall in 1961. The next day, citizens began to act out US President Ronald Reagan's plea and began to tear down the wall.

http://www.remote.org/frederik/culture/berlin/7314-3252-4641-img0003-3.jpg
The monumental occasion brought out Berliners from both
sides of the wall for days. News crews from around the world
swarmed into Berlin to document the event. This photo was
taken by Frederik Ramm (http://www.remote.org/frederik/culture/berlin/) after skipping a history test in school
to get to Berlin to witness history being made.

...in 1965, the failure of a transmission line in Ontario caused a cascade of transmission line overloads that plunged New York City and seven neighboring states into total darkness. The blackout stranded nearly 1 million commuters in subways and elevators, with thousands trapped in traffic jams that resulted from no traffic lights. All in all, 30 million people in eight states, Ontario and Quebec were affected by the blackout. An urban myth started to circulate stating that exactly nine months after the blackout, maternity wards in the eight state area reported a record number of births. The myth was debunked in 1970; there was no increase in the birth rate nine months later.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/North_America_blackout_1965.png/350px-North_America_blackout_1965.png
The affected area in dark blue.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 13 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1975, the SS Edmund Fitzgerald sank in Lake Superior, just 17 miles away from safe harbor in Whitefish Point, Michigan. All 29 men aboard perished in the sinking. The story of "The Fitz" was told by Gordon Lightfoot in his ballad, The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald. The story of the sinking was told on this site on this date in 2007. You can view the story in this thread, November 10, 1975 - The Last Voyage of the Edmund Fitzgerald (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/november-10-1975-last-voyage-edmund-fitzgerald-28858/) which you can read by following the link.

http://www.notebookmargins.com/mike/EdFitz/fitzwreck(7).jpeg

...in 1775, during the Revolutionary War, the Continental Congress recognized that the newly commissioned US Navy needed a landing force, and chartered the Continental Marines. The bill that created the Corps was written by John Adams and, although the corps was disbanded between 1783 and 1798, this date is recognized as the birthday of the corps. The Marines have seen action all around the world as a vital part of military stragegy. During the Revolution, the Marines took a British storehouse in the Bahamas, stormed Chapultepec Palace in the Mexican-American War (From the halls of Montezuma) and against the Barbary pirates (To the shores of Tripoli.) As a branch of the Navy, the Marines are prepared to fight, and have fought, where ever needed (We will fight our country's battles, In the air, on land and sea) and have made over 300 amphibious assaults on foreign shores. The Marines have been a part of every American conflict, often the first forces to see action. (First to fight for right and freedom.) There is a level of pride maintained by Marines, and code to the corps And to keep our honor clean, We are proud to claim the title of United States Marine) and once a Marine, always a Marine. Semper fi.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/USMC_War_Memorial_Sunset_Parade_2008-07-08.jpg/300px-USMC_War_Memorial_Sunset_Parade_2008-07-08.jpg
Sunset parade at the Marine Corps Memorial
in Arlington, Virginia. The statue is a depiction
of Joe Rosenthal's famous photo of the flag
raising over Iwo Jima, featuring Marines Michael Strank,
Harlon Block, Franklin Sousley, Rene Gagnon, Ira Hayes
and Navy corpsman, John Bradley.
Photo by Keytone 16.

Hear the Marines Hymn (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qh-WT_hGztU&NR=1) on YouTube.

...in 1928, the first installment of Erich Maria Remarque's cutting-edge novel of World War I, All Quiet On The Western Front was published in the German magazine Vossische Zeitung. Remarque enlisted in the German army at the age of 18 and was sent to fight in the trenches of the Western Front of the war, where he was wounded five times. He worked in numerous jobs, teacher, stonecutter, journalist and even an automobile test driver, all while working on his novel. The German title of the book, Im Western Nichts Neues (literally, In the West, Nothing New) a disillusioned young soldier goes to fight in the trenches and loses half of his company. The book was translated into twenty languages and was made into a Hollywood movie in 1930. It was not without its critics, most notably the leaders of the Nazi party, and Remarque was stripped of his citizenship when they came to power. All Quiet On The Western Front was one of the first "degenerate books" to be publically burned by the Nazis, who claimed he was really of Jewish descent, pointing out that his name was really "Kramer." (That's the German spelling of his name, Remark, backwards.) Remarque emmigrated to the United States where he was a consort to Marlene Dietrich. He married actress, Paulette Goddard in 1958 and moved to Switzerland, where he died in 1970. His last book, The Night In Lisbon (1962) was about the plight of World War II refugees and a condemnation of Hitler's attempt to exterminate the Jews on behalf of the Master Race.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/76/AllQuietOnTheWesternFront.jpg/200px-AllQuietOnTheWesternFront.jpg
All Quiet On The Western Front
is still recognized as one of the best
anti-war stories ever written.

...in 1969, the Children's Television Workshop, including Jim Henson, went on the air with Sesame Street. It is estimated that over 74 million Americans have been educated by Sesame Street, although critics claim, and perhaps with some validity, that the short, staccato and entertaining segments have reduced American attention spans.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Bert_and_Ernie.JPG/350px-Bert_and_Ernie.JPG
Bert & Ernie were the only Muppets to appear in the
pilot of Sesame Street, and the only ones that tested
well with the test audience of parents. Because of their
success in the pilot, it was decided to make The Muppets
the stars of the show, and to interact with humans.

...in 1928, legendary coach Knute Rockne, made the most famous halftime speech in history, when he reminded the Fighting Irish about teammate, George Gipp, and asked the team to "...win one for the Gipper." The Irish went on to defeat Army, 12-6.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/99/George-gipp.jpg
George Gipp (1895 - 1920)
Gipp was one of the most
versatile men to play the game. He was
Notre Dame's first All-American. Gipp
died of streptococcal throat infection just
days after leading Notre Dame to a victory
over Northwestern.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 21 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1918, the War to End All Wars concluded on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month. At 5 AM, the Germans signed the armistice agreement with the Allies, in a railroad car, located in Compiégne, France. (In 1941, in symbolic revenge, Adolph Hitler would have France sign a treaty of capitulation in the same railroad car) World War I was called the War to End All Wars because of the great death toll - nine million soldiers dead, 21 million wounded and at least five million civilians perished because of collateral damage, disease, starvation or exposure. The Russian army was so badly organized that it suffered heavy losses to the Germans, one of the events that had led to the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. The war was settled by the Treaty of Versailles, that laid heavy punitive damages on Germany. The treaty caused Germany to teeter on the brink of collapse. The treaty was one of the causes of the Great Depression but more importantly, it created hardships in Germany that opened the door to the Nazi takeover, facilitating Hitler's rise to power and World War II.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Armisticetrain.jpg/180px-Armisticetrain.jpg
The Armistice was signed on
this private railroad car. In 1941,
in mock retribution, Adolph Hitler
forced France to capitulate in
this same car.

...in 1921, on the day that was then known as Armistice Day (for the armistice that ended WW I) the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier was dedicated at Arlington National Cemetery. In a ceremony attended by President Harding and dignitaries representing the military and foreign powers, an unknown soldier was placed in the tomb. His remains were placed on top of a two inch layer of French soil that had been brought in so he would "...forever rest upon the earth on which he died." The tomb is guarded 24 hours by a special military detail, as it has been every second. every minute and every hour of every day, since 1937. Armistice Day would become Veterans' Day in 1954, when President Eisenhower signed the bill that established Veterans' Day as a national holiday.

Follow this link: Tomb of the Unknowns Honor Guard (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-XiuZRb_4UU) for s stirring piece about the honor guard, and an interview with one of the guards.

...in 1620, a group of English separatists, that had landed at New Plymouth in what is now Massachusetts, signed a document that would be the basis of our American government and provide the inspiration for many of the documents written by the founding fathers. Called The Mayflower Compact, the Compact determined what and who would be the authority of the colony. It also stated that the colony would be free of British law.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Mayflower_Compact_Bradford.jpg/335px-Mayflower_Compact_Bradford.jpg
This Page from William Bradford's Of Plimoth Plantation
is his transcript of the Mayflower Compact


...in 1938, Kate Smith sang God Bless America for the first time, on a radio broadcast that honored the 20th anniversary of the end of World War I. The song was written by Irving Berlin, a Russian immigrant, who was a prolific songwriter including many of America's favorite tunes. During the first war, Berlin wrote several numbers for an army camp show, called Yip. Yip, Yahank in honor of the camp's name, Yahank. The song was dismissed by the director as "too jingoistic" so Berlin put it away, until Kate Smith's producer came to Berlin, asking him for a patriotic song for her to sing. The song swept the nation, the lyrics were entered into the Congressional Record, and Kate Smith, by popular demand, sang the song on every one of her shows until December 1940, when a ban on broadcast of all ASCAP songs took effect. In 1943, Warner Brothers made a film called This Is The Army and Berlin insisted that Kate Smith be in the film to reproduce the first time she sang the anthem. She did, including a seldom heard verse and that clip is the one often played today. An interesting sidebar to this story is that in 1940, Irving Berlin established the God Bless America Foundation, which controls the royalties from every performance of the song. Those royalties all go to the Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts of America.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Kate_Smith.jpg/220px-Kate_Smith.jpg
Kate Smith, ca. 1935. Click the link to
hear her sing God Bless America (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pCavKL2zdjM&feature=related).

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 31 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1927, the Holland Tunnel opened between New York City and Jersey City, New Jersey. On that first day, 20,000 people walked the 9,250 foot length of the tunnel below the Hudson River. The next day, the tunnel opened to vehicular traffic. The tunnel was made possible by an engineer named Clifford Milburn Holland who resolved the problem of keeping the air fresh in the tunnel. His cutting edge power ventilation system changed the air 30 times per hour, moving 3 million cubic feet of air per minute. 71 years later, the Holland Tunnel is still a vital link between Manhattan and New Jersey, and it carries the Lincoln Highway on the beginning of its journey to San Francisco. (That's right - the Lincoln Tunnel does not carry the Lincoln Highway - go figure.) The Holland Tunnel carries over 34 million vehicles each year. At eight bucks a car, that's $272,000,000.00 per year in income for the port authority.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Holland_tunnel.jpg/250px-Holland_tunnel.jpg
Westbound tube, from Manhattan to
Jersey City, New Jersey.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Cmholland.jpg
Clifford Milburn Holland (1883 - 1924)
The chief engineer of the project died
before the tunnel was completed. It was
named in his honor.

...in 1864, the destruction of Atlanta began, under the orders of Union General William T. Sherman. Sherman's army had swept through the south, but being so deep into enemy territory, his army relied on a supply line that stretched all the way back to Nashville. The Army of Tennessee had been defeated but enough of it was intact to harass Sherman, and commander John Bell Hood was determined to interrupt the supply line. Sherman split his army in two, sending half of it back toward Nashville to take care of Hood and to protect the vital supply line. Sherman ordered the destruction of downtown Atlanta, and the industrial areas, to prevent the Confederates from salvaging anything usable as materiél after the Union abandoned the city. Estimates said nearly 40% of Atlanta was destroyed by Sherman, who used the same scorched earth policy all the way to Savannah.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/atlanta-burning.jpg
This woodcut from the January 7, 1865 issue Harper's Weekly illustrates Sherman's army
destroying anything in Atlanta that would be usable by the Confederate army.

...in 1892, the seeds of today's National Football League were sewn when William "Pudge" Heffelfinger became the first professional football player. The Allegheny Athletic Association, in Pittsburgh, paid him $500 to play in a game against the rival Pittsburgh Athletic Club. The following week, the AAA paid another player and in the following years, more and more players began to accept payments to play the game. The National Football League would form in 1919 but not assume the name until 1922.

http://static.nfl.com/static/site/img/history/chronology/pudge_heffelfinger.jpg
Pudge Heffelfinger,
the first pro footballer.

...in 1954, after decades as America's front door, Ellis Island closed. Between 1892, and and 1954, Ellis Island processed approximately 12 million immigrants and today, it is estimated that 40% of Americans can trace their ancestry through Ellis Island, that was named for the original owner, Samual Ellis. First and second class passengers usually just went through customs, but third class and lower disembarked to Ellis Island. The facility went through a $160 million restoration and today, the Ellis Island Immigration Museum welcomes over 2 million guests per year.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/20060927120648.jpg
Ellis Island Main Building

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 16 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1956, the Supreme Court declared that the Alabama segregation rules for busses was unconstitutional.

...in 1939, the first Willys-Overland Jeep prototype was completed and sent to the War Department for approval. The original design, requested by the army, was submitted by American Bantam Car Company, but the company was too small for the production requirements, so Willy-Overland recieved the contract to built the versatile, 4-wheel drive, "go-anywhere" vehicle. Once the war began, Ford was also assigned a contract to build the Jeep, and Ford improved the design. No one is sure where the name "Jeep" came from, whether it was taken from the army's G.P. (General Purpose) designation or from the name of a character in the Popeye cartoons, Eugene the Jeep, but where ever it came from, the name stuck. At the end of the way, Willys began selling a civilian version of the jeep, the CJ-2A which is the great-grandfather of your SUV.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Wiki_jeep_1.jpg
A restored 1945 Jeep.

...in 1940, Walt Disney premiered a new animated feature film, one with no plot, entitled Fantasia. The film is comprised of several segments, set to classical music, with images created by the animation staff that were inspired by the musical themes. Favorite segments include mythical creatures enjoying a day in the country to Beethoven's Sixth Symphony, ostriches, hippopotami and crocodiles (wearing tutus) dancing ballet to the Dance of the Hours and Mickey Mouse as The Sorcerer's Apprentice.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/fantasia.gif
The boss wasn't very happy when he found out
his apprentice was using his hat and best magic.
This is the enduring image of Fantasia.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Image10.jpg
The Greek mythology scene, set to Beethoven's Sixth Symphony
(The Pastoral) is about my favorite sequence of the film.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Fantasia---Disney---1940---1-725414.jpg
Walt Disney said, "Fantasia is timeless. It may run ten, twenty, thirty years. Fantasia is an
idea in itself. I can never build another. I can improve. I can elaborate. That is all."

...in 1943, the five Sullivan brothers, from Waterloo, Iowa, were serving together aboard the USS Juneau during the battle for Guadalcanal. The Juneau took a torpedo from a Japanese submarine but did not sink, and withdrew from the battle. Later that day, the Juneau was part of a group that sailed for a navy base on Espiritu Santo to make repairs. The Japanese submarine, I-26, put a torpedo into the Juneau that must have struck the ammunition hold. It exploded and went down almost immediately. All five Sullivan brothers, George, Francis, Joseph, Madison and Albert, perished in the sinking. There was a movie made about the affair, entitled The Sullivans (later renamed The Fighting Sullivans) and two navy ships have been named The Sullivans in their honor. There is also a museum wing dedicated to them in their hometown of Waterloo.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Sullivanbrothers.jpg/180px-Sullivanbrothers.jpg
The Fighting Sullivans aboard the Juneau.
L to R, Joe, Frank, Al, Matt and George

...in 1982, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial was dedicated in Washington, D.C. after a march by thousands of veterans of the conflict. The memorial is a simple, V-shaped, black granite wall, designed by architect Maya Lin, and is inscribed with the names of the 58,256 Americans who perished in the war. The names are arranged in order of death, not alphabetically or by rank, as most memorials are. It is one of the most visited memorials in Washington, and a smaller, portable wall is transported around the country for those who cannot travel to Washington to see the memorial. "It's the parade we never got," says one veteran. I know some of the names on that wall, and just looking at photos of it sets me off. It is a stirring memorial, beautiful in its simplicity. You can visit a website called footnote Interactive Vietnam Veterans Memorial (http://go.footnote.com/thewall/) to search for any name on the wall, see the image of the name, and details of their record.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/BillStroud.jpg
Your memory is always with me, Bill. Rest In Peace.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Vietnam_veterans_wall_satellite_image.jpg
Aerial view of the memorial, showing the V shape.

That's it. That's all we know as of 1:31 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 12 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1969, the second manned mission to the moon, Apollo 12 was launched at Cape Canaveral with Richard Nixon in attendence. President Nixon was the first President to attend a space launch. There was a potential problem when 36 seconds into the mission, lightning struck the vehicle, tripping all the breakers in the command module. The Saturn V continued normally, however, each stage firing on schedule and power was soon restored to the command module. The landing module, Intrepid landed where planned, and Charles Conrad, Jr. and Alan L. Bean became the second men to set foot on Earth's only satillite. In two lunar walks, the astronauts performed the usual experiments and collection of rocks, but they also inverstigated Surveyor 3, a probe that landed on the lunar surface in 1967. Not only was the lunar landing on the Ocean of Storms precise, Apollo 12 splashed down just three miles from the retrieval ship, the USS Hornet.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Apollo12Visor.jpg/600px-Apollo12Visor.jpg
Alan Bean pictured by Pete Conrad, seen in the reflection from Bean's face shield. (NASA Photo.)

...in 1914, the first Dodge was built and tested on the streets of Detroit. "Old Betsy" was the project of John and Horace Dodge, owners of a machine shop that made axles, precision parts, engines and transmissions for Ransom E. Olds and Henry Ford. In fact, the Dodge Brothers were investors in the Ford Motor Company from the beginning. By 1919, the Dodge brothers, after selling their stock in Ford and building Dodge automobiles, the brothers were two of the wealthiest men in Detroit. The brothers died relatively young, and the Dodge family had little interest in the automobile business and sold the entire operation to Walter P. Chrysler. Dodge was a formidable competitor to Ford and Chevrolet, and remains so today.

http://i.cnn.net/money/galleries/2007/autos/0705/gallery.chrysler_history/images/1914_first_dg.jpg
A 1914 Dodge Brothers Touring

...in 1882, a gunslinger named Franklin Leslie shot and killed a man known as Billy "The Kid" Claiborne in Tombstone, Arizona. (After William "Billy the Kid" Bonney died, Claiborne demanded to be called "Billy the Kid.") Claiborne was one of the survivors of the famous "Gunfight at the OK Corral" (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-october-26-2009-a-56975/#post692911) as a member of the Clanton gang. Claiborne was also a comrade of John Ringo, who died of a gunshot wound to the head, The Earp Brothers ruled it a suicide, but Claiborne was convinced the shooter was Frank Leslie and called him out, a fatal mistake. Leslie continued a life of violence, served time for murdering a Tombstone prostitute, then went to the gold fields in the Klondike and faded from history.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/BuckskinFrankLeslie-275.jpg
Franlin Leslie. Wyatt Earp said, "Leslie
was the only man who could compare to
Doc Holliday's blinding speed and accuracy
with a six-gun."

...in 1945, Tony Hulman approached Eddie Rickenbacker and purchased the Indianapolis Motor Speedway for $750,000.00. Hulman was a racing enthusiast and his family was prominent in Terre Haute, known primarily as the makers of Clabber Girl Baking Powder. The Indianapolis Speedway, built in 1910 by entrepreneur Carl Fisher, had been owned by World War I flying ace and auto racer, "Fast Eddie" Rickenbacker since 1927. (Rickenbacker built the infield golf course in 1929.) The track was in awful shape after not being used during the war years. Hulman built new stands and prepared the track for the 1946 Indianapolis 500. Until his death in 1977, Hulman started each race with the famous phrase, "Gentlemen, start your engines," which he rehearsed over and over, every year, leading up to the race. His grandson manages the facility today.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/trackdeterioration1-1024.jpg
The track was in awful shape in 1945 after disuse during WWII. Grass had pushed up through the
track and the "jungle" was so overgrown in the infield that locals had hunted rabbit. It was a popular
belief the track would be torn up and subdivided after the war, but Tony Hulman bought the track,
cleaned it up, built new grandstands and the track hosted the 1946 Indianapolis 500. Note the tree at
the end of turn #4 - not exactly a good place for a tree with 33 cars coming at it at very high speeds!

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 24 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1977, the 100,000,000 US Built Ford was produced at the Mahwah, New York, assembly plant. The vehicle was a 1978 Fairmont, not exactly a memorable or strikingly designed automobile, but a solid-value car that sold quite well before being discontinued at the end of the 1983 model year. (The car is reportedly on display at the National Parts Depot Museum in Ocala, Florida.)

...in 1777, the Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union. It would take until 1781 for the last of the 13 states (Maryland) to ratify the document. It made a loose confederation of states, with each state having one vote in congress. The government had the authority to levy taxes, conduct foreign affairs and maintain a military, but little else. In 1787, the second overthrow of a government occured as the Congress met in secret to forge the document that would formally create the United States of America. The modern Constitution would take effect on March 2, 1781, allowing the people to decide what their government would be.

...in 1806, Lieutenant Zebulan Pike approached the foothills of the Colorado Rockies and spotted the mountain that would forever bear his name. He was exploring the Louisiana Purchase before Lewis & Clark had returned from their expedition. He was a military man, not an explorer, and a self-educated man who spoke three languages and had more than a fundamental knowledge of math and science. Pike strayed across the Spanish border and was arrested by Spanish soldiers. They hauled him to Santa Fe - a wonderful scouting mission of a strategically important area, provided by the Spanish army itself. Pike was promoted to the level of Brigadier General during the War of 1812, but died in 1813 during the assault of Toronto.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Zebulon_Pike.jpg
Colonel Zebulon Pike, Jr.

...in 1867, the first stock ticker went online at the New York Stock Exchange. The device was invented by Edward A. Calahan of the American Telegraph Company. He configured a telegraph machine to print stock quotes on a paper tape, and the device caught on quickly. It got its name from the sound it made as it printed. Thomas Edison improved the system in 1869, making it easier to read and use. Edison's patent made him enough money to fund his Menlo Park laboratory where he invented the light bulb and phonograph. The last ticker was installed in 1960. From then on, all stock quotes became and remain computerized, but are still referred to as, "tickers."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Edison_Stock_Telegraph_Ticker.jpg/180px-Edison_Stock_Telegraph_Ticker.jpg
Edison's Gold & Stock Ticker

...in 1969, Dave Thomas realized his lifelong dream and opened his own restaurant in Dublin, just outside Columbus, Ohio. He named the restaurant after his youngest daughter, the first of nearly 7,000 Wendy's opened.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/56/Wendy%27s_logo.svg/180px-Wendy%27s_logo.svg.png

Thomas was raised by adoptive parents, but his mother died when he was young. His father moved around a lot, following jobs. He enjoyed dining out with his father, usually at diners that served hamburgers and malts. Family was very important to Dave, and he decided his destiny lay in the food service industry. He observed various restaurants and came to understand what diners were looking for. It is said he was an expert on restaurants by the time he was nine. The idea for his ideal restaurant came from him observing families interact at a family restaurant in Kalamazoo, Michigan. When his father moved to Fort Wayne, Indiana, he went to work at the Hobby House, but when his father moved, he stayed behind, dropped out of high school and worked full time at the restaurant. He joined the army during the Korean War and requested the Cooks' and Baker's School. As a mess sergeant in Germany, he was responsible for feeding 2,000 soldiers daily, one more experience to move him towards his goal of being in the food service business. His big break came at the Hobby House Restaurant back in Fort Wayne. The owner offered him the deal of a lifetime in 1962 - a chance to take four Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurants, that were losers, and turn them around, in exchange for 45% ownership. Thomas streamlined the menu, advertised and turned the money losers into money makers. He made millions when the units were sold. He never graduated from high school ("My biggest mistake," he once said) but did obtain a GED in his adult life. In 1992, he founded the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption. Dave Thomas died on January 8, 2002 after a long battle with cancer.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/IM004261.jpg
I don't have a photo of Wendy's #1 in Dublin, but I do have
this photo of the oldest Wendy's (#14) in Indianapolis. If you happen to
live there, you'll find this restaurant on Keystone Avenue.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/HobbyHouseShrine.jpg
This Wendy's location, in Fort Wayne, Indiana, is on the site of the old Hobby House Restaurant,
where Dave got his start. This wall in the dining room commemorates the events that led to the
founding of Wendy's and gives highlights of Dave's career.

https://e-folio.web.virginia.edu/E-folio-Archive2/1/EDIS542/2004Fall-1/cs/UserItems/Resources/cng9r_davethomas.jpg

At the age of 15, before he dropped out of high
school, Dave wrote an essay entitled The
Pursuit of Happiness. "When I was eight years
old, I dreamed that I would one day own the
best restaurant in the world. My restaurant
would serve great tasting hamburgers made
just the way you like them, and all of the
customers would love the food and come back
again and again and again."

Those are words for any entrepreneur to take to heart!

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Paige's name came up in the GJ Sentinel this morning, as part of an article about a new device that the Mesa County Sheriff's Department has acquired. There really is nothing new in Paige's case.

The GJS is no longer available online, but you can read the teaser here:

It seems like science fiction, but tiny chopper ready to help law officers (http://www.gjsentinel.com/news/articles/it_seems_like_science_fiction/) by our old friend, Paul Shockley,

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 31 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1907, Oklahoma entered the Union as the 46th State. It was unique because the new state included constitutions by Oklahoma territory and Indian territory. The name Oklahoma is derived from the Choctaw words okla meaning "people" and homa meaning "red" and has had human habitation for many thousands of years. In "modern" history, the Spanish were the first Europeans to visit the land, followed by the French, and both struggled for control. The United States bought the area from France in 1803 as part of the Louisiana Purchase, and after the War of 1812, eastern Native Americans were relocated there. Cherokees who refused to move were forced by the army in what has become known as the Trail of Tears. Most tribes sided with the rebellion during the Civil War, and afterwards, many whites illegally occupied the Indian lands. Finally, at noon on April 22, 1889, the lands were opened to settlers in the Oklahoma Land Rush. Settlers who had moved in early to stake their claims were known as Sooners, and the name stuck. When the territory became a state in 1907, both sooners and Indians became American citizens. During the drought years of the 1930's, Oklahoma was the heart of the Dust Bowl and many Okies fled to California to seek employment. Oil production returned Oklahoma to prosperity and today, Oklahoma remains a vital link in the American economy.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/2652527.jpg
The Oklahoma Land Rush began on April 22, 1889. Those who were
early into the area were known as "Sooners" and Oklahoma is still known
as "The Sooner State."

...in 1901, A.C. Bostwick became the first American to exceed the speed of a mile-a-minute. His 63.3. mph record was set on the straightaway on the Ocean Parkway Racetrack in Brooklyn. It is a record that Brooklyn cab drivers are still attempting to break on a daily basis in Brooklyn.

...in 1957, Ed Gein murdered Bernice Worden, who owned a hardware store in Plainfield, Wisconsin. Gein, who you learned about in the Morning Update of July 26 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-july-26-2008-a-41407/), was a weird guy who has been called America's First Serial Killer, although only two murders can actually be pinned on him. He was a grave robber, necrophiliac and all around bizarre character who made furniture out of human body parts. Bernice Worden, the mother of a Sheriff Deputy who was on the scene, was found in Gein's shed, dressed out like a deer. Gein was the inspiration for Norman Bates in Robert Bloch's novel (later a memorable Alfred Hitchcock film) Psycho and the inspiration for Buffalo Bill in Silence of the Lambs. He was the inspiration for several more slasher movies, most notably the Texas Chainsaw Massacre franchise.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/44/Edgein.jpg
Ed Gein died in 1984, a lifetime guest
of the State of Wisconsin penal system.

...in 1973, President Richard Milhouse Nixon, over the protests of environmentalists, signed into law the creation of the Alyeska Pipeline. It has carried over 15 billion barrels of oil over 800 miles from the North Slope to the oil docks at Valdez, Alaska. The pipeline is built mostly above-ground to avoid melting the permafrost tundra, and is built with environmental issues designed into it, to protect the pipeline and environment from earthquakes, expansion and contraction from heat and cold, and it is bullet-resistant. It is monitored closely, one method is a device known as a "Pipeline Inspection Gauge" (PIG) that floats inside the line with the oil, sampling data. There have been several small leaks, of less than 7 barrels but the only major environmental impact of pipeline damages were man-made. In 1978, an explosion caused by eco-terrorists caused a leak of 16,000 barrels and in 2001, a troublemaker shot a rifle into a weld near Livengood, Alaska, causing a leak of about 6,000 barrels. Daniel Carson Lewis, with a reputation for being a screw-up in the town of 30 people, was subsequently arrested, fined $10,000 and sentenced to 10 years in federal lock-up.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Trans_alaska_international.jpg/250px-Trans_alaska_international.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Alaska_Pipeline_and_caribou.jpg/250px-Alaska_Pipeline_and_caribou.jpg
The pipeline travels 800 miles over rugged terrain, while this caribou seems
rather unimpacted by the whole thing. Caribou tend to gather below the
pipeline, probably to enjoy the radiated warmth.

...in 1945, the United States welcomed 88 German scientists to America to work on rocket technology. The move was cloak and dagger, since the men had been working on the frighteningly successful V-1 and V-2 rockets that bombarded London during the war. Many Americans, still filled with hate for the Germans, questioned the morality of bringing the former enemies to American soil, but the government knew that a former ally, the USSR, was doing the same thing, scouring the country for German engineers and scientists who could aid them in what would soon escalate into the Cold War. The new rocket program was initially secreted away in Texas, but moved to the Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama, where a facility was built that would eventually become NASA.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Project_Paperclip_Team_at_Fort_Bliss.jpg/800px-Project_Paperclip_Team_at_Fort_Bliss.jpg
Dr. von Braun's team at Fort Bliss, Texas. Dr. von Braun is 7th from the right in the front row.

...in 1941, speaking of Germans, Joseph Goebbels published his decree of hate in the German magazine Das Reich that claimed "The Jews wanted the war, and now they have it." It was all part of a carefully executed strategy of propaganda to rationalize the "Final Solution," that is, the systematic extermination of Jews in Europe. Goebbels, Heinrich Himmler and the rest of Hitler's madmen carried out the steps of the Final Solution with a fanaticism that is sickening to normal humans. The entire extermination pogrom was based on a forged document that claims all international banking was controled by the Jews - a myth that persists with anti-semetics to this day - and that the entire war was simply a profit motive for those bankers. Goebbels wrote that "...the prophecy which the Fuhrer made, that should international finance Jewry succeed in plunging the nations into a world war once again, the result would not be the Bolshevization of the world...but the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe. We are in the midst of that process.... Compassion or regret are entirely out of place here."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-0821-502%2C_Joseph_Goebbels.jpg/225px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-0821-502%2C_Joseph_Goebbels.jpg
Paul Joseph Goebbels (1897-1945)

...in 1937, Sadie Hawkins Day was introduced by Al Kapp in his popular comic strip, Li'l Abner. Sadie was the daughter of one of the earliest settlers in Dogpatch, USA, one Hekzebiah Hawkins. Since Sadie was the "homliest gal in all them hills" and Hekzebiah was tired of his 35 year old "dotter" living at home, he called all the bachelors of Dogpatch together for a race - whichever bachelor Sadie caught would have to marry her. The other spinsters in Dogpatch thought that was a grand idea, and joined in the race. The rule was that the race continued until sundown. The event spurred a number of turnabout events in colleges and high schools around the country and Sadie Hawkins Day is still celebrated to this day, usually on the Saturday after November 9th.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2e/Sadie_Hawkins_Day.png/800px-Sadie_Hawkins_Day.png
Although it started out as a one-shot gag, Kapp received so many letters in support of Sadie Hawkins Day
that he agreed to make it an annual event, which he did, over the four decades that the strip ran.
(Li'l Abner is copyrighted by the Kapp Estate and this episode is used here under the "fair use provision" of the copyright law,
only for educational and non-commercial use.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 28 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1421, a storm on the North Sea battered the coast of Europe and over a course of several days, about 10,000 people died in what is now called The Netherlands. An area known as Grote Waard lies below sea level, and residents constructed levees and dykes to keep the sea out, and each time they failed, the people rebuilt them. Nothing could disuade them from living in the ecological vulnerable area. After this flood, however, when the city of Dort was destroyed and 20 whole villages were washed away, the dikes were not rebuilt until 1500, leaving most of Zeeland and Holland under water for decades. The town of Dordrecht remains on an island, separated from the mainland by the great flood of 1421.

http://www.bugbog.com/images/galleries/netherlands_pictures/dyke_netherlands.jpg
The Netherlands (Nederland) literally means "low lands" because most of
Holland lies below sea level. A complex system of dikes keeps the North Sea
out of The Netherlands.

...in 1558, Elizabeth, 25 year old half sister of Queen Mary I, ascended to the throne of England and Ireland, begining the Elizabethan Era. She was known as the Virgin Queen for not allowing marriage to jeopardize her rule. Elizabeth strengthened British relationships with Protestand allies, and her reign was not recognized by the Pope. Spain, the most powerful nation in Europe at the time, planned an invasion of England that was aborted with the defeat of the Spanish Armada. The defeat of the Armada strengthened England's position of the seas, and prompted Elizabeth to promote explorers, such as Drake's circumnavigation of the globe and Sir Walter Raleigh's exploration of the New World. ("Virginia" was named in her honor.) When she died in 1603, England had become a world power and Elizabeth would pass into history as one the greatest English monarchs.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Darnley_stage_3.jpg/210px-Darnley_stage_3.jpg
Elizabeth I (1533 - 1603)

...in 1869, the Suez Canal opened, providing a sea route between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. It was only 25 feet deep when it opened, and only 500 ships used the canal its first year. It has been a political pawn several times in its history, but has remained open since 1975 and carries about 50 ships per day. With a toll of about $250,000.00 per ship, the Suez Canal Authority rakes in a little better than $5 billion per year. Because it does not have locks, the canal can carry larger ships than its main competitor, the Panama Canal.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/SuezCanal-EO.JPG/180px-SuezCanal-EO.JPG
The Suez Canal as seen from space.

...in 1968, one of the most exciting finishes to a football game occured when the Oakland Raiders scored two touchdowns in nine seconds to defeat the New York Jets, 43-32. The trouble was that unless you were in the Oakland Coliseum, you didn't see it, because NBC cut away from the game with 65 seconds left to play in order to air a made-for-television version of Heidi, the classic tale of a young girl raised by her grandfather in the Alps. Known forever as the "Heidi Bowl" it was one of the all-time classic games. The decision to air Heidi at its scheduled time, rather than delay it if the game went long, had been made weeks before as NBC was sure it would be a rating winner for the November sweeps. Instead, the NBC switchboard melted down and blew up as thousands of irate callers wanted to express their views. Undeterred, they tied up the lines at the phone company, the New York Times and the NYPD. The lesson was painfully learned: never, ever, under any circumstances, cut away from the end of a National Football League game.

Here is a short film about the controversy (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJAn3cTMXW8) including the director of Heidi feeling smug about the movie that caused a furor across the nation.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 32 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1978, members of the People's Temple, lead by Jim Jones, committed mass suicide at their commune in Guyana, by drinking cynanide-laced Kool-Aid. The few members of the cult who refused to drink the potion were either forced to do so at gunpoint or they were shot as they fled. When it was over, 913 people perished, including 276 children. One cult member did escape and alerted authorities, but by the time Guyanese troops arrived, the only survivors were a few who managed to hide in the jungle. To this day, the phrase "drinking the Kool-Aid" refers to people who mindlessly follow a charismatic leader, like Jim Jones was.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/01-jones-jim.jpg/150px-01-jones-jim.jpg
James Warren Jones (1931 - 1978)

...in 1960, Chrysler Corporation announces that production of the De Soto line will be cut back, to eventually be ended. The DeSoto was a rousing success in 1928 when it was introduced by Walter P. Chrysler, the six-cylinder engine promised success, and many dealers signed up. In the 1930's, the DeSoto was flamboyant, including one of the famous Chrysler Airflow designs, the first aerodynamically designed automobiles. The designs were scaled back just before the war, and the DeSoto was a most popular vehicle at the end of the war. In the 1950's, the DeSoto became flamboyant again, with the Firesweep, Firedome and Fireflite, but the public was not enamored with the huge fins and overly futuristic designs. Sales fell off, and the 1961 DeSoto was less than exciting, so the 33 year run came to an end.

http://oldcarandtruckpictures.com/Chrysler/1957_DeSoto_FireFlite_Sedan_Black_Tail_Light.jpg
It's DeLightful, it's DeLovely, it's DeSoto!

...in 1928, a cartoon by Walt Disney, entitled Steamboat Willie premiered. It was the first fully synchronized (sound and animation) cartoon made. Of more significance was the star of the cartoon, Mortimer Mouse. Disney provided the squeaky voice for his hero and, luckilly, Disney had the good sense, under presure from his wife Lorraine, to change the name from Mortimer to Mickey.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Steamboat-willie.jpg/180px-Steamboat-willie.jpg
Mickey Mouse in Steamboat Willie, in 1928.

...in 1883, at exactly noon, the railroads of Canada and the United States implemented a system of standard time, which included carving the continent up into four distinct time zones. Prior to this date, time was determined by localities, with "high noon" being the moment that the sun was highest in the sky. It was a scheduling nightmare. Rather than appeal to the government, which would (pardon the expression) take too much time, and as always with the government, no guarantee of the correct outcome, the railroads designed a time system. It resembled a standard time model that went into use in England in 1840. The time zones determined by the railroads are not much different from the time zones in use today. The system was widely embraced, but it was not until 1918 that Congress would get around to making time zones the law of the land.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Model_A/IM000994.jpg
"Meet me under the clock at Union Station!" This 6' tall clock has told travelers the
correct Central Time while it has also been the meeting place for unknown millions
of people in Kansas City's Union Station.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, Eastern Standard Time.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 36 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On This Day In History...

...in 1907, the man who created Shane was born in Cleveland, Ohio. Jack Schaefer's first novel featured lead character, Shane, who was a prototypical western hero. Like Owen Wister's The Virginian, published in 1902, the lead the heroes were strong and independent cowboys. While Wister's hero was more comfortable with his horse than people, Shane was the high plains drifter with a hidden past, the noble knight on his trusty steed, roaming the lawless frontier to right wrongs and punish the powers of evil. The 1953 film, made just four years after Shane was published, starred Alan Ladd as Shane and Brandon De Wilde as Joey Starrett, the young boy who worshiped him. Both The Virginian and Shane were the prototypes of the ideal cowboy character. Schaefer became a full-time writer after the publication of Shane although none of his other works were every as popular. He died in 1991 in Santa Fe, New Mexico.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/lore147.jpg http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/03shan1.jpg
Jack Schaefer, creator of...Shane, the knight-errant played by Alan Ladd in 1953.

...in 1915, a dramatic World War I rescue took place in Europe. When you think of flying heroes of World War I, you probably think of the Red Baron, but in England, the memory is of Richard Bell-Davies, a fighter pilot who went on to become a Vice Admiral in the navy. While flying a bombing run over Bulgaria, his wing man (Gilbert Formby Smylie) took anti-aircraft fire and was forced to land. He had successfully dropped all of his bombs but one. He saw enemy troops approaching, and set fire to his plane to keep it from being captured. When he saw Bell-Davies landing, he turned and fired his sidearm into the bomb, successfully exploding it to prevent it from exploding when Bell-Davies landed. Smylie jumped aboard and Dell-Davies took off under fire, but made it safely behind British lines. Bell-Davies was awarded the Victoria Cross and Smylie was also recognized for his quick thinking and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Richard_Bell-Davies_VC_IWM_Q_69475.jpg
Richard Bell-Daviews

...in 1954, the first automated (hehehe) toll collector went into service on the Garden State Parkway in New Jersey. Prior to the "robot-like units" collecting tolls, the toll authority had placed several "honor system" toll booths where a mesh funnel guided coins into a collector with no method of accounting. Honor system tolls were about 70% paid, but the toll authority was still ahead of the game as a 70% payment rate was still more profitable than paying more attendants. A PR booklet said "While the automatic collectors were adopted in the interest of economy as well as increased efficiency and convenience, no toll attendant has ever lost his job on the Parkway because of the machines." The idea of a toll road was nothing new, in the American Colonies, privately built roads collected tolls. Operators used a long pole, known as a "pike," that was hinged to block the way and swing, or "turn," up after a toll was paid. The toll roads became known as "turnpikes."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Garden_State_Parkway_Toll_booth.jpg
An early Garden State Parkway toll plaza.

...in 1863, President Abraham Lincoln stood at the consecration of a military cemetery located at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and delivered one of the shortest, but most eloquent, speeches in Presidential history. Those in attendance had to suffer through a two hour keynote speech by a long-ago forgotten Massachusetts Senator. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address was only 271 words in length and probably took only a few minutes to be heard. At the time, it was hailed or hated, depending on which party you belonged to. Lincoln called it a "flat failure" but he was wrong, as today, it is recognized for its brilliance of construction and depth of meaning, along with the important message packed into those few words. Up until a couple of generations ago, American students were charged to memorize the speech, but today, sadly, the importance of Lincoln's words is lost somehow. Lincoln captured the very essence of America in those few words, from the stirring opening of "Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal"...referencing the Declaration of Independence, to the closing lines, "...that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom— and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ac/Gettysburg.haydraft.jpg/372px-Gettysburg.haydraft.jpg
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on
this continent a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to
the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that
nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated, can long
endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have
come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place
for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It
is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate...we can not consecrate...
we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead,
who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to
add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say
here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living,
rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who
fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be
here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these
honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they
gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that
these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall
have a new birth of freedom—and that government: of the people, by
the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.


That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige), we had50 X candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1962, President John F. Kennedy announced the end of the blockade of Cuba. The naval blockade had been implemented when offensive nuclear weapons had been discovered in Cuba, seen in photographs taken over Cuba by U-2 spy planes. The end of the blockade was the last real action of the missile crisis.

...in 1982, the most improbable finish to a college football game took place at Stanford, between the Stanford Cardinal and Cal Golden Bears. Stanford quarterback, John Elway (you may have heard of him from his pro career) marched the Cardinal down the field in range to kick a field goal to take the lead, with only 4 seconds left to play. Jubilant Cardinal fans stormed the field, and the refs had to chase them all back and enforced a penalty on the kick-off because of the crowd coming on to the field. The kickoff was taken by Cal's Kevin Moen at the Cal 46 but rather than trying to run himself, he remembered an exercise from practice and he tossed the ball to Richard Rodgers, who tossed it to Dwight Garner, who tossed it just back to Rodgers as he was about to be nailed by two Cardinal. Rodgers tossed the ball to Mariet Ford who returned it to Moen who ran for the end zone - and right into the Stanford Band that had taken the field, thinking the game was over. Moen plowed into trombonist, Gary Tyrell. Known forever as, "The Play" it remains one of the wackiest endings to a game in college football history.

Watch this exciting ending on YouTube as John "Captain Comeback" Elway marches his team down for a field goal that should have won the game (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7aCDfJH6eRY), but didn't..

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3d/The-play.jpg/400px-The-play.jpg
"The Play"

...in 1945, in Nuremburg, German, 24 high-ranking Nazis went on trial for atrocities perpetrated during World War II. The trials were convened by an international tribunal with representatives from the United States, Soviet Union, Great Britain and France. On October 1, 1946 (you may remember reading about this on Oct 1) 12 of the architects of Nazi pogroms were sentenced to hang, including Hermann Goering, the leader of the SS and the Luftwaffe. He committed suicide on the eve of his hanging. Trials continued in Germany, well into the 1950's to try the lesser Nazis with 5,025 convictions and 806 executions.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuremberg-1-.jpg/776px-Nuremberg-1-.jpg
Front Row, L to R: Hermann Göring, Rudolf Heß, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Wilhelm Keitel
Back Row, L to R: Karl Dönitz, Erich Raeder, Baldur von Schirach, Fritz Sauckel

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 51 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1980, 350 million people tuned in to CBS to watch the season premier of the prime time soap opera, Dallas to learn who, in the previous season's cliff hanger, shot J.R. The entire Summer was spent with the speculation of "Who shot J.R.?" a question that still plagues some of us, for rather obvious reasons. Contrary to what you might think. the other "J.R." in question has never seen the episode and has no intention of ever seeing it.

...in 1783, Frenchman Jean-François Pilatre de Rozier and François Laurent made aeronautical history by being the first men to fly an untethered hot air balloon. The flight lasted about 25 minutes and carried the two men over Paris. Two years later, de Rozier would also become the first man to die in an aeronautic crash when his balloon crashed during an attempt to cross the English Channel.

http://s3.amazonaws.com/data.tumblr.com/tumblr_kpgfwt7cXh1qzdhk9o1_1280.jpg?AWSAccessKeyId =0RYTHV9YYQ4W5Q3HQMG2&Expires=1255476856&Signature=zKrUoqu2gcam0idXdrKYKGAXvKk%3D

...in 1877, Thomas Edison patented the device that would have him dubbed the Wizard of Menlo Park. No, not the light bulb, that would come later, this was the phonograph. He discovered the device while trying to create a telephone answering device! It was originally marketed as a dictation machine, but the popularity of it as an entertainment center set Edison, and several others, on the task of refining the device. In 1912, Edison debuted a machine that delivered far superior sound but it used disks that were incompatible with other record players. (Anyone who owns a Beta video recorder knows what it is like to have the superior product beaten out of the marketplace.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Edison_and_phonograph_edit1.jpg/200px-Edison_and_phonograph_edit1.jpg
Edison and an early phonograph.

...in 1970, the rarest Ford Mustang was introduced at the Detroit Auto Show. Dubbed the Boss 351, it featured a four-bolt main engine that was rated at 300 horsepower. Only 1,806 units were built in 1971, the only year the Boss 351 was offered. As the government clamped down on safety and emmissions, such cars became too expensive to build, to buy, and to operate and the muscle car faded from its glory years. The Boss 351 was one of the last ones. The Boss 351 Registry (http://www.boss351registry.com/) has located 551 of the the original cars.

http://files.conceptcarz.com/img/Ford/71_ford_mustang_boss_351_harrisburg_04_dv_02.jpg
1971 Ford Mustang Boss 351


...in 1916, the HMHS Britannic, sister ship to the Titanic, sank in the Aegean Sea, killing 30 people, more than 1,000 were rescued. After the sinking of the Titanic, the White Star Lines refined the design and altered the hull to make it less vulnerable to icebergs. More lifeboats were also added. Launched in 1914, the Britannic was requisitioned by the British government to serve as a hospital ship. At 8:12 AM, the ship was rocked by a huge explosion, and even though Captain Bartlett ordered closure of all watertight doors, the Britannic had already lost six compartments to flooding, more than the damage that sank her sister ship. Most everyone survived, the ones who perished tried to launch lifeboats, without orders, while the ship was moving and the lifeboats were sucked into the propellers. Jacques Cousteau found the wreck in 1976. No one knows what caused the explosion but most experts believe it was a German mine. (A third sister ship, the HMS Olympic, led a rather tame and uneventful service life, although she dropped a prop blade on her maiden voyage in 1909 and collided with the Nantucket Lightship in 1934 but was undamaged. She was taken out of service in 1935 and scrapped in 1936.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/BRIT_H1.jpg
(His Majesty's Hospital Ship) HMHS Britannic

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 45 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1718, Blackbeard the Pirate was killed just off the North Carolina Outer Banks during a battle with the British navy, that had been dispached from Virginia to put Edward Teach, a.k.a. Blackbeard, out of business. He had negotiated a pardon with Governor Charles Eden, in exchange for a sizeable share of Blackbeard's booty, but the planters of North Carolina appealed to Virginia Governor Alexander Spotswood, who dispatched the navy. Legend has it that Blackbeard took five musket balls and 20 sword lacerations before he finally died.

...in 1950, the Long Island Railroad suffered a tremendous loss as two commuter trains collided in Queens, New York. A 12 car train was ordered to slow and stop in the station. When ordered to start again, the train's brakes had locked and prevented the departure. Meanwhile, the Babylon express, on the same track, received a green signal based on the commuter train departing the station. It collided with the commuter train, launching the rear car into the air and killing all aboard. When it was over, 79 people were dead and 363 suffered major injuries. Mayor Vincent Impellitari called the LIRR a "disgraceful common carrier" when he learned that defective equipment caused the crash.

http://kewgardenshistory.com/ss-lirr/lirr-0650-01-OL.jpg
First responders worked through the night. 79 people perished and
363 were injured in the crash.

...in 1927, Carl Eliason of Sayner, Wisconsin, received a patent for a motorized tobboggan, the first modern snowmobile. The Eliason snowmobiles were built in Sayner until the company was purchased by the FWD Company of Clintonville, Wisconsin. (FWD, to this day, still builds heavy duty four wheel drive trucks for military and commercial use.) The last of Eliason's designs, from 1953, influenced the design of every manufacturer's sleds, throughout the world. All of Eliason's "motorized toboggans" are on display in the Vilas County, Wisconsin museum. For more about the inventor of the snowmobile and the story of how it came about, visit the Eliason Snowmobile (http://www.eliason-snowmobile.com/) website.

http://www.eliason-snowmobile.com/gallery/phase/carl1.jpg
Carl Eliason and his Motorized Tobboggan

...in 1963, in Dallas, Texas, Lee Harvey Oswald, from the 6th floor of the Texas Schoolbook Depository, shot and killed President John Fitzgerald Kennedy as his motorcade passed Dealey Plaza. On Sunday, November 24, Oswald was shot and killed by Dallas night club owner, Jack Ruby. The entire country ground to a halt in mourning the martyred President. It was the first major event ever covered wall-to-wall by television, by the time the dead-tree media went to press, television had already broken the next development. In fact, the shooting of Oswald was the first time a murder had ever been shown on live television.

The Kennedy Assassination is fraught with rumors, legends, misinformation and conspiracy theories. President Lyndon Johnson ordered an investigation that was headed up by Chief Justice Earl Warren, the results are commonly known as the Warren Report. It took ten months, and at the time of its release, it was widely accepted as the definitive answer to the assassination. The Warren Commission concluded that Oswald was the only shooter and that he acted alone. Today, the majority of Americans do not believe the report and think the assassination was a carefully planned and executed plot laid out by a conspiracy.

Incidentally, in 1991, Oliver Stone made a movie about the assassination and, like most Stone movies, is a lot of fiction. About the only thing correct in the movie is that John Kennedy was shot on November 22. The rest is pretty much baloney.

Some of the Secret Service agents who were on duty have broken their silence and are openly talking about the events of that fateful day. Retired Agent Clint Hill was the agent who threw himself on top of the President's car. He recently participated in a group discussion about the events of the day, part of a documentary that is scheduled to air on the Discovery Channel today.

The documentary corresponds to the release of a new book that tells the story of the assassination from the Secret Service agent's point of view. Entitled The Kennedy Detail: JFK's Secret Service Agents Break Their Silence the book was written by a former agent, Gerald Blaine and journalist Lisa McCubbin.

While in Dallas (only the third time he has been back to Dallas since 1963) Hill said, "I could go out there ... and I'll still have an emotional reaction. I know exactly where it was and what happened at that moment. ... I still can see the president's head being blown apart, being blown wide open. I can see him lying on Mrs. Kennedy's lap in the back seat of the car as I lay above them trying to get to Parkland Hospital. ... It'll never go away."

For those of us who remember where we were the moment we heard the news, it'll never go away for us, either.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrai t.jpg/260px-John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrai t.jpg
President John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917 - 1963)
35th President of the United States.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 34 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1859, in a poor Irish neighborhood in New York's east side, Henry McCarty was born He would later change his name to William H. Bonney, using the first name of his surrogate father and his mother's maiden name, but he would go down in history as Billy the Kid. He began a career as a gunslinger in 1876 and was part of the Lincoln County War of 1878 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-february-18-2009-a-49731/), one of the range wars of the old west. It was said that Billy killed at least 27 people before his 21st birthday, although, only four can actually be attributed to him. On the night of July 14, 1881, Billy the Kid was shot and killed, at the age of 21, by Sheriff Pat Garrett near Fort Sumner, New Mexico.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Billykid.jpg/250px-Billykid.jpg
Henry McCarty aka William H Bonney aka Billy the Kid.

...in 1874, Bathsheba Everdene is courted by three suitors in Thomas Hardy's Far From The Madding Crowd which was published on this date. The novel, with the oft-misquoted title, has a happy ending but showed three different faces of human nature. Far From the Madding Crowd contains Hardy's usual pessimistic view of the human condition.

...in 1876, the leader of New York City's corrupt political machine, William Marcy "Boss" Tweed, was extradited to the New York City after his capture in Spain. "Boss" Tweed came to power in Tammany Hall, the Democrat machine of New York City, in the late 1850's and by the mid 1860's, the "Tweed Ring" was buying votes, paying off judges, embezzling millions of dollars from City contracts and it virtually controlled New York City government. The blatant embezzlement of funds from the remodeling of the City Court House in 1871 was not ignored by the New York Times. Tweed's goons did the usual damage control, but other publications, led by Harper's Weekly, exposed the ring. Harper's Weekly cartoonist, Thomas Nast, ran a one-man campaign against Tweed with biting characterizations. The Tweed Ring was swept out of office in the elections of 1871, members of the ring were arrested, tried and convicted. Tweed himself escaped prison in 1875 and fled to Europe, but was recognized in Spain from Nast cartoons! He was returned to New York City and died in 1878, still in prison.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Nast-Tammany.jpg
Thomas Nast characterized Tammany Hall as the tiger, an image that stuck. Tammany Hall continued as a
political machine after the arrests of the Tweed Ring but collapsed after helping Fiorello LaGuradia become
mayor in the 1934 election.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e9/Tammany_Ring%2C_Nast.jpg
Thomas Nast's chracterization of the Tweed Ring.

...in 1897, Ransom Eli Olds received a patent for his motor carriage. He founded the Olds Motor Vehicle Company that eventually became the Olds Motor Works and later, the Oldsmobile Division of General Motors. The famous "curved dash Oldsmobile" put Olds on the map, even spawning the popular song, My Merry Oldsmobile. Olds would be forced out of his own company, so he started another company to build trucks, and his REO Speedwagon became a staple of the American trucking industry.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Oldsmobile_Curved_Dash_Runabout_1902.jpg/180px-Oldsmobile_Curved_Dash_Runabout_1902.jpg
1902 Oldsmobile - about 19,000
of the popular little runabouts
were built.

...in 1936, the first issue of Life magazine was published. The weekly magazine, started by Henry Luce, was a companion to Luce's Time magazine. Where Time told the news, Life offered pictoral views of the news, along with locations and events around the world. Life set the standard for high-quality, journalistic photography. Life ceased weekly publication in 1972 because of competition from television, but it did start again as a syndicated insert to certain newspapers.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 36 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1963, Dallas nightclub owner, Jack Ruby, shot and killed JFK assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald. The shooting happened in the basement of the Dallas Police Department, on live television. Conspiracy theory fans like to link Ruby to the underworld, the CIA, Richard Nixon and other organizations or people, but the Warren Commission concluded Ruby acted on his own, probably on the spur of the moment. He even left his dog in the car while he was making his shot. He later claimed he was just saving Jackie Kennedy the embarrassment of testifying at Oswald's trial. Ruby died of cancer in 1966, claiming the cancer had been injected into his system by the CIA, to keep him quiet. Before his death, Ruby made conflicting statements that he had acted alone, and that he was part of a vast conspiracy. It seems his real motive is lost to history.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/42/Ruby-shooting-oswald2.png
Lee Harvey Oswald, handcuffed to Detective James Lavelle, was shot at point-blank range
by Dallas nightclub owner, Jack Ruby in a crowded corridor of the Dallas Police Department.
This amazing photograph was shot by Robert H. Jackson of the Dallas Times-Herald and
won the Pulitzer Prize for Photography.

...in 1859, Charles Darwin's controversial work, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection was published in England. The book does not contain the word "evolution" but his theory said that organisms eventually evolve through the process of "natural selection" and that environment will influence which genetic variations will develop in succeeding generations of the same species. The theory was not new, in fact, his own grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, had even suggested the theory but it was not until publication of this book that the theory was given any real consideration. Orthodox Christians branded the book, and the theory, as heresy. In 1871, Darwin published a follow-up that presented his evidence that man evolved from the ape, entitled The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. While his theory has been widely accepted in the scientific community, Creationists ask for evidence of which species have evolved in the last 1000 years, or for that matter, are still evolving. The argument continues.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Origin_of_Species_title_page.jpg/250px-Origin_of_Species_title_page.jpg

...in 1849, John Froelich was born in Froelich, Iowa. He would go on to invent the forerunner of what is today's modern farm tractor, building and manufacturing tractors in 1892, in Waterloo, Iowa at the Waterloo Gasoline Traction Engine Company. Unfortunately, they were not successful, and he sold his business to John W. Miller, who changed the name to the Waterloo Gasoline Engine Company. He stopped building tractors and concentrated on building gasoline engines. In 1911, Miller began building tractors again, and despite the company name, no one seemed to notice they ran on kerosene. The Waterloo Boy tractors were quite popular, and in 1918, the company was purchased by John Deere Company. Despite the name being changed to the John Deere Tractor Company, the tractors were still sold under the name Waterloo Boy until 1923, when the John Deere Model D was introduced.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0c/Waterlooboy.jpg/800px-Waterlooboy.jpg
A Waterloo Boy Tractor

...in 1971, a mysterious hijacker, calling himself Dan Cooper, parachuted into the night over Washington State with $200,000 in cash. Cooper hijacked the airliner using what looked like a bomb. The plane landed, per his orders, at the Sea-Tac airport where he was provided with $200,000.00, four parachutes and a flight plan to Mexico. Over the Lewis River in Washington, Cooper opened the rear stairway hatch (a unique feature of this particular model of the 727) and parachuted into the night from a height of 10,000 feet. There was a raging thunderstorm at the time with temperatures below zero, and Cooper was wearing only a raincoat and wrap-around sunglasses. The storm prevented any action of law enforcement to find Cooper and it was assumed that he perished in the fall. No trace of Cooper, dead or alive, has ever been found. In 1980, $5,880 of the marked ransom money was found in a bag along the banks of the Columbia River, near Vancouver, but that is as close to finding Dan Cooper as anyone has ever come. Through an error in communication with the media, the hijacker's name was listed as "D.B. Cooper" and that is how he is still popularly known. The story is a thing of legend in the Northwest and has even spawned several movies and television specials, but no one has ever solved the mystery of what happened to D.B. Cooper.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Dbc.jpg
D.B.Cooper in 1971 and with age progression.

That's it. That's all we know as of 2:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Happy Thanksgiving! There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 22 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1963, President John F Kennedy was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, on John Jr.'s birthday. About a quarter of a million people had filed past his flag-draped coffin as he had lain in state in the Capitol Rotunda the previous day. Approximately 1 million people lined the parade route between the Capitol and the burial site. President Kennedy's coffin was carried on a horse-drawn caisson, the only sounds being the sounds of the horse's hoof steps and the haunting drum cadence. Most citizens had believed that the President would be buried with his family in Massachusetts, but Jackie Kennedy selected Arlington in agreement with Sargent Shriver, Kennidy's brother in law, when she said, "He belongs to the people."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/JFK_grave.jpg/300px-JFK_grave.jpg
The grave of President John F. Kennedy, with the eternal flame, at Arlington National Cemetery.

...in 1920, Gaston Chevrolet, race driver and brother to race designer Louis Chevrolet, died while driving in a race in Beverly Hills, California. Gaston was born in La-Shauz-de-Fonds, Switzerland. He came to America to join Louis and Andre in the formation of the Frontenac Motor Corporation, which was to replace the Chevrolet Motor Company that the brothers had sold to Billy Durant's General Motors.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/ChevBros.jpg
Gaston Chevrolet (in the car) and his
brothers, Louis and Andre.

...in 1979, American Airlines Flight 191 departed from Chicago's O'Hare International Airport and crashed seconds later. Mounting bolts that held the port engine in place failed, severing the engine on takeoff. All 271 passengers and crew onboard died in the impact, along with two people on the ground. It was the highest death toll in an airplane crash in the United States until September 11, 2001 but remains the highest death toll in one aircraft crash on US soil. The crash anaylsis resulted in changes in maintenance procedures of the DC-10 aircraft.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/Aa191_ohare.jpg/230px-Aa191_ohare.jpg
Flight 191 went into a steep bank before it crashed, killing everyone on board.

...in 1952, the Dallas Texans of the NFL won the only game the franchise would ever win, by beating the Chicago Bears 27-23. The team was so bad that fans in Dallas stayed away in droves, and with five games left in the season, the ownership turned the franchise back to the NFL, which moved it Hershey, Pennsylvania. The team was disbanded, and the remains of it went to Baltimore to become the Colts. In 1960, the NFL granted another franchise to Dallas, and the Cowboys would go on to a better record than it's predecessor. The rival AFL also launched a team there, the Dallas Texans that would move to Kansas City to become the Chiefs.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b7/DallasTexans52.gif

...in 1949, Gene Autry hit the popular charts with Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer. The story of Rudolph was written by Robert L. May for his employer, Montgomery Ward's and tells the story of Santa's ninth reindeer. (The story is today owned by The Rudolph Company and although Rudolph seems to be a public domain piece of American folklore, the copyrights are fiercely guarded.) Of course, the song also introduces the 10th reindeer, Olive. You never heard of Olive? Listen closely to Gene Autry's version, and you'll hear him sing that "Olive, the other reindeer, Used to laugh and call him names."

http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51NTVF2HEZL._BO2,204,203,200_PIsitb-sticker-arrow-click,TopRight,35,-76_AA300_SH20_OU01_.jpg (http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0811818071/ref=sib_dp_pt#reader-link)

That's it. That's all we know as of 10:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 35 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1941, under Admiral Chuichi Nagumo, the Japanese First Air Fleet departed for Pearl Harbor. His orders were to return to Japan if diplomatic efforts resolved an impasse between the United States and Japan. Japan wanted the United States to lift economic sanctions and the United States wanted Japan to evacuate China, Indo-China and repudiate their membership in the Tripartite Axis Pact. President Roosevelt and Secretary of State Cordell Hull knew that a Japanese attack was likely but the target was unknown. The United States felt that if war was inevitable, Japan would have to commit the first act of war.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Chuichi_Nagumo.jpg/180px-Chuichi_Nagumo.jpg
Admiral Chuichi Nagumo.
He died on Saipan, on June 6, 1944, having
committed suicide in a cave when his
defense of Saipan failed.

...in 1941, President Roosevelt signed a bill declaring the fourth Thursday of November as Thanksgiving Day. The tradition of a day set aside for giving thanks started in the Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies when Governor William Bradford established a Thanksgiving celebration. It was an annual custom in New England and in 1777, the Continental Congress declared the first national Thanksgiving. Later, President Washington proclaimed November 26 as the national Thanksgiving Day. President Lincoln moved it to the last Thursday of November in 1863. That's the way it stayed until 1939, when President Roosevelt moved it to the 23rd, a week earlier, in an attempt to lengthen the Christmas shopping season to boost the depression economy. It caused much confusion and consternation, though, some Americans did not recognize the date and celebrated on the traditional day. The Bing Crosby - Fred Astaire movie, Holiday Inn, had a confused turkey pick up and move a week on an animated calendar. In 1941, President Roosevelt moved it back to the last Thursday, where it has remained.

...in 1922, the first Technicolor film (in general distribution, anyway) opened. Toll of the Sea, featring Anna May Wong, used two negatives with red and green tints to create the color image. The process was very expensive and most studios passed on it until the late 1930's.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Anna_May_Wong_holds_child_in_The_Toll_of_the_Sea.j pg/200px-Anna_May_Wong_holds_child_in_The_Toll_of_the_Sea.j pg


...in 1927, Ford Motor Company announced The New Ford to replace the venerable Model T that went out of production in May of that year. The New Ford was the first new car since the Model T went into production in 1908, with 15,000,000 of the Tin Lizzies built. The car was called the Model A. Henry Ford was quoted as saying that this car wipes the slate clean, so it would be called the Model A. In reality, it was a transition car, because the Model T had outlived it's production life and Henry's pet project, the V-8 Ford, would not be ready until 1932. Styled by Edsel Ford, the Model A was also called the "Baby Lincoln" for its styling and modern good looks. 5,000,000 Model A's were built in its four-year run.

http://www.mafca.com/gallery/28phaetonLS.jpg
Hugh and Loukie Smith recently drove their
1928 Phaeton across the country on the Lincoln
Highway. (Who would be dumb enough to drive a
Model A Ford across the country on the Lincoln
Highway? Hmmmm?)

[b]...in 1942, "Round up the usual suspects" became a part of the American lexicon with the premier of Michael Curtiz's film, Casablanca. Staring Humphrey Bogart, Ingrid Begman, Paul Henreid, Clause Rains and Peter Lorre, the film was not widely liked by critics and did not do well at the box office. However, it is a beloved classic film, Bogart's first romantic role, widely appreciated by film fans everywhere. Standard lines from the film have become a part of our lexicon, including the usual suspects, along with "Of all the gin joints in all the towns in all the world, she walks into mine," "We'll always have Paris," and "Here's looking at you, Kid." (Click on the image to see the theatrical trailer for (arguably) one of the best films ever made.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Casablanca%2C_title.JPG/205px-Casablanca%2C_title.JPG (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=INBmVxAsdFE)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

PS - As an added treat, the Marx Brothers made a parody called A Night in Casablanca and you can see Harpo Marx holding up a building HERE (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eBvZPO-HSFs&feature=related).

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 45 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1095, Pope Urban II called on Christians in Europe to travel to Jerusalem and make war against Muslims that had been preventing Christian pilgrims from going to the Holy City. With a cry of "Deus volt!" (God Wills It) the Crusades began, the first of seven major military actions taken in the Holy Land, of which repercussions are still felt today. Urban died in 1099, two weeks before the fall of Jerusalem and before news of the Christian victory were heard in Europe.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/BlUrban_II.gif
Pope Urban II

...in 1924, a two-mile stretch of Broadway, from Central Park of Herald Square became the route of the first Macy's Thanksgiving Day parade, featuring clowns, cowboys and the famous balloons, including Felix the Cat, the first balloon. Today's parade is all show-biz, glitz, lip-synced dance numbers and appearances by has-beens and wanna-be celebrities. And no, I won't be watching it.

Gimbel's was actually the first department store to sponsor a parade in Philadelphia, but it was J.L. Hudson's in Detroit and Macy's in New York that became the national tradition on Thanksgiving Day. In Detroit, the parade is known as America's Thanksgiving Day Parade and in 1990, the Chilly Willy balloon was being filled when it broke its tethers and took off. Chilly Willy floated above the parade route at about 5,000 feet. Eventually, Willy deflated and was fished out of Lake St. Clair, about 25 miles away from Detroit.

...in 1965, France successfully launched a satellite, becoming the fifth nation in space. First designated as A-1 for Army-1, the satillite was later redisignated Asterix after a popular French cartoon character. The satellite was launched atop a Diamont A from a launch site in Algiers. The satillite followed Sputnik (Soviet Union) Explorer I (USA) Alouette I (Canada) and San Marco I (Italy.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Asterix_Musee_du_Bourget_P1020341.JPG/250px-Asterix_Musee_du_Bourget_P1020341.JPG
This is a model of Asterix I, which is in such a high
orbit that it will likely not crash to earth for centuries.

...in 1870, the New York Times dubbed baseball "America's Pastime."

...in 1896, Richard Strauss' Also Sprach Zarathustra (Thus Spake Zarathustra) debuted in Frankfurt, Germany, 72 years before anyone would learn to know it as the opening theme to 2001: A Space Odyssey. Open the pod bay doors, Hal. (Click on Strauss' portrait to hear his stirring tone poem.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Strauss3.jpg/180px-Strauss3.jpg
Richard Srauss (1864 - 1949) (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SLuW-GBaJ8k&NR=1)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 20 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1942, the first mass-produced bomber, a B-24 Liberator, came out of Ford Motor Company's huge Willow Run factory, the largest building in the world. (At least, until 1943 when Chrysler's engine plant opened in Cicero, Illinois, where Tucker automobiles would be built in 1947.) In the 1930's, President Roosevelt foresaw the need for American productivity to be the biggest weapon in the arsenal as he also foresaw America's inevitable involvement in World War II. Charles "Cast Iron Charlie" Sorenson, the director of production for Ford Motor Company, worked out the details of Henry Ford's concept of mass-producing airplanes the way he had build Flivvers in the teens. The aircraft manufacturers derided the attempt, but the Willow Run building was larger than the facilities of Boeing, Douglass and Consolidated combined. Initially, there were problems with critics referring to the plant as "Will It Run?" but once production started, the 2.5 million square foot plant built 8,685 B-24's, in 1944, at the rate of one bomber per hour. Today, the runways built outside the plant in 1942 are the Willow Run Airport, and whether the personal accolades for Henry Ford are deserved or not, the Willow Run bomber plant was an industrial milestone.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Willow_Run_Factory.jpg
The Willow Run Assembly Line was one mile long.


...in 1994, nefarious serial killer, Jeffrey Dahmer, who was already serving 15 consecutive life terms, was beaten to death by a fellow inmate at Wisconsin's Columbia Correctional Institution in Portage, Wisconsin. He died at the hand of fellow inmate, Christopher Scarver, who also beat and killed inmate Jesse Anderson. (Anderson was also reviled in Milwaukee for killing his wife and trying to frame two unidentified African-American youths for the crime.) Dahmer was convicted of murdering at least 17 young men over a period of 13 years, most of them young, gay, African-Americans. He would lure them to his apartment, asking them to model for a photography shoot, where he would drug and strangle them, mutilate their bodies, cannibalize them and destroy their remains in barrels of acid. He was arrested on July 22, 1991 and convicted of 15 counts in February 1992. Scarver's motive for the dual killings is unknown, however, many feel he did both humanity and the State of Wisconsin a favor. He was transferred to a federal prison shortly after the beatings.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/51/Jeffrey-dahmer.jpg/200px-Jeffrey-dahmer.jpg
Jeffrey Dahmer (1960 - 1994)

...in 1954, the first man to create and control a nuclear chain reaction, Enrico Fermi, died in Chicago at the age of 53. Fermi was born in Rome on September 1, 1901 and at the age of 17, decided he wanted to be a physicist. He studied at the University of Pisa, under German physicist Max Born who was known for his work with quantum physics, and he taught math at at the University of Florence. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1938 and even though he was on the watch list, he was allowed to travel to Sweden to receive the prize. He and his wife, Laura (who was Jewish) never returned - they went to Columbia University in New York City where he worked with Neils Bohr. Recognizing the military implications of nuclear fission, Bohr and Fermi wrote a letter to President Roosevelt, the letter was signed by Albert Einstein and the result was The Manhattan Project. Fermi created a lab in a squash court under the football stands at the University of Chicago, where he created the first controlled chain reaction. Today, Fermilab in Batavia, Illinois, is named in his honor.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg/250px-Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg
Enrico Fermi (1901 - 1954)
He ushered in the Atomic Age.

...in 1925, what is today called The Grand Ol' Opry began broadcasting from Nashville, Tennessee on WSM 850 Radio. It was known as The Barn Dance in those days, to mimic the National Barn Dance show that was already being broadcast from WLS in Chicago. The producers realized that the audience loved the show, and performers were directed to dress like hillbillies and, where possible, adopt names that had a rural ring to them. Fans flocked to the studios to watch the show, and in 1943, the show was moved to the Ryman Auditorium in downtown Nashville. It had been built by Captain Thomas Ryman to house a traveling evangelist, Reverend Samuel Jones, and the building has a churchy feel to it, including stained glass windows. The Opry moved from the Ryman in 1974 to a new Opry House in the center of what was then called Opryland USA (http://thrillhunter.com/indexop.html), nine miles from downtown. Opryland featured a now-dismantled theme park and several entertainment stages. The Grand Ol' Opy is still heard every Saturday night on "Clear channel WSM (http://www.wsmonline.com/)" which is a 50,000 watt radio station, broadcasting on 650 kHz and can be heard all over the south and much of the Midwest.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/WSM_tower_2002-03-05.jpg/450px-WSM_tower_2002-03-05.jpg
The show was sponsored by the National Life and Accident Insurance Company,
which also built the radio station. WSM stood for "We Shield Millions."
The signal is broadcast from this unique, diamond-shaped tower.
(Photo by Garrett A. Wollman, used with permission.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 PM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Same ol' same ol' with no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. I'm sorry, but there is no news and there are no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 51 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1954, the first recorded (modern) case of a human being struck by a meteorite occurred in Oak Grove, near Sylacuga, Alabama. The eight and a half pound sulfide meteorite crashed through the roof of a house, bounced off the floor and struck Elizabeth Hodges on the hip. Other than a nasty bruise, she was not seriously injured. There were reports of people being inured or killed by meteroites in ancient Chinese history, in 1927 a girl was reportedly struck in Japan and in 1946, a boy was reportedly knocked off a bicycle by a meteorite but these reports are unsubstantiated. We reported, in the Morning Update, October 9 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-october-9-2008-a-44741/) that a car had been struck in Peekskill, New York in 1992.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/meteorite2_72.jpg
The Sylacauga Meteorite.

...in 1994, the luxury liner with a sordid past, the Achille Lauro caught fire and sank near Somalia. The ship had been constructed in 1947 as the William Ruys by the Royal Rotterdam Line and was used primarily to carry freight between The Netherlands and the East Indies. In 1965, the StarLauro Line bought the ship and, against superstition, rechristened the ship as the Achille Lauro. Ship lore says that renamed ships are bad luck, and the Achille Lauro certainly had a run of misfortune. In 1971, she rammed an Italian fishing boat resulting in one death. In 1981, a fire on board killed two people and in 1985, in its most notorious incident, it was hijacked by Palestinian terrorists who shot and killed a wheel-chair bound American, Leon Klinghoffer, then threw his body and wheelchair overboard.

http://www.ssmaritime.com/fire.JPG
The Achille Lauro caught fire at sea and sank in 1994

The Achille Lauro was traveling around the Horn of South African when she caught fire. Survivors were picked up by the USS Gettysburg Her sister ship, the Angelina Lauro also met a firey end. The Angelina Lauro caught fire at the dock in Saint Thomas and dramatic photos can be seen on Reuben Goosens' ssMaritime (http://www.ssmaritime.com/oranjefire.htm) website. Reuben Goosens also has the story of the Achille Lauro (http://www.ssmaritime.com/achillelauro.htm) on his website.

...in 1959, production began on Alfred Hitchcock's most terrifying thriller, Psycho based on Robert Bloch's novel of the same name. Hitch bought the rights from Bloch and then bought up all the copies of the novel he could to preserve the ending. The Norman Bates character, so well played by Anthony Perkins, was based on the real-life serial killer and grave robber, Ed Gein from Plainfield, Wisconsin. (See Morning Updates for July 26 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-july-26-2008-a-41407/) amd November 16 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-november-16-2008-a-46393/) for more on Ed Gein.) Hitchcock was an expert story teller and master of suspence. Hitch let his characters and excellent camera work plant the story in the audience's minds. The shower scene in Psycho is an excellent study in how to terrify an audience, it took over a week to film and lasts only 45 seconds. In the straight-on scene of the showerhead, it was actually 6 feet in diameter so the water spray would go past the camera. The scene does not show any actual carnage, it all occurs in the viewers' mind, the blood was actually Hershey's Chocolate Syrup. Although he was long an American citizen, Hitchcock was knighted in 1980, and he died in the same year.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ab/Psycho_(1960_film)_shower_scene.jpg
Janet Leigh said she never took showers, unless she
absolutely had to, after seeing the film.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 43 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1990, 132 feet below the English Channel, crews tunneling from England met crews tunneling from France to complete the first link of the Channel Tunnel, or, Chunnel. The idea of a tunnel connecting the British Isles to mainland Europe was nothing new, even Napoleon proposed it in 1802. It was not until the 20th Century, though, that technology was available to tackle such an ambitious project. There are actually three tubes, one for each direction of travel and one for maintenance. The tubes carry high speed trains that make the 31 mile journey in 20 minutes, 23 of those miles averaging 150' below the English Channel.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Channel_Tunnel_geological_profile_1.svg/800px-Channel_Tunnel_geological_profile_1.svg.png
Cross section of the Chunnel below the English Channel.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/chunnel.jpg?t=1228095205
The Chunnel. High speed trains push air ahead of them, much like a piston engine. Tubes between the tunnels are built in to
balance the air pressure built up by the trains.

...in 1824, the Presidential election made the 2000 election look like a high school student council popularity contest. Does any of this sound familiar? With no clear winner, the election went to the House of Representatives, as dictated by the 12th Amendment. There were four candidates including Andrew Jackson with 99 electoral votes, John Quincy Adams (son of John Adams, the second President) with 84 electoral votes, Secretary of State William H. Crawford with 41 electoral votes and Henry Clay of Virginia with 37 electoral votes. Crawford was debilitated with a stroke just prior to the election, but Clay was disqualified as the fourth place finisher. He threw his support over to John Quincy Adams as they were part of a loose coalition called the National Republicans. The House voted Adams to be the President. Adams then appointed Clay to be his Secretary of State, which Jackson supporters called the fulfillment of a corrupt agreement. As a result, Adams had little popular support and his reelection bid failed in 1828 when he lost to Andrew Jackson.

...in 1913, Model T's began to come off Ford's new continuous moving assembly line at the rate of one car every two and a half minutes. The rate would eventually be a Flivver in less than an minute and the moving assembly line revolutionized the industry. In 1915, Henry Ford would institute the five dollar day, and shorten the work day to eight hours.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/FordAssemblyLine.jpg?t=1228094927
Flivvers (Model T Fords) being built on the first moving assembly line.

...in 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, an African-American woman refused to give up her seat on a public bus to a white man. That was a violation of Montgomery's racial segregation laws, and Rosa Parks was subsequently arrested. Following her arrest, a boycott was organized by a young Baptist minister named Martin Luther King, Jr. The boycott ran for more than a year, and since African-Americans comprised 70% of the bus ridership, the transit system felt the financial pressure. On December 20, 1956, the segregation rules were rescinded and the boycott ended. It was the first great victory in the non-violent civil rights movement in the United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Rosa_Parks_Bus.jpg/180px-Rosa_Parks_Bus.jpg
Bus #2857, where all the ruckus started, is now on
display at the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Rosaparks.jpg/225px-Rosaparks.jpg
Rosa Parks in 1955 with Martin Luther King, Jr. in the background.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 19 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1902, a French engineer named Leon-Marie-Joseph-Clement Levausseur patented an engine block that allowed for 8 pistons to fit into the space of 4 by making a V-shaped block. Levausseur's engine featured four cylinders in either of two banks of cylinders with two pistons on one throw of the crankshaft. If that doesn't mean much to you, don't worry. The short description is that he invented the V-8 engine. Early V-8 engines were expensive to make, as they were cast in two pieces and assembled, so they were only used in large, expensive automobiles until 1932. Henry Ford figured out how to cast a V-8 block in one piece and revolutionized the industry, yet again, by putting V-8's into popular price automobiles.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Antoinette_VII.JPG/300px-Antoinette_VII.JPG
Leon Levausseur also designed and built aircraft
called Antoinette. Note the V8 engine that powers
this 1909 Antoinette, preserved in the Bourget
Museum in Paris.

...in 1823, President James Monroe proclaimed a foreign policy that became known as The Monroe Doctrine, that basically said that any European power asserting itself in the Western Hemisphere (colonization, primarily) was subject to American intervention, and conversely, the United States would stay out of European intrigue. The Doctrine was mostly the work of John Quincy Adams, who would be elected President the following year. The Doctrine was never tested until 1898 during the Spanish-American War, and it stood as the cornerstone of American diplomacy until WW I pulled the US into the European war and propelled the United States into the role of world superpower.

...in 1942, in a squash court under the football stands at the University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi produced the first nuclear chain reaction. It was a major breakthrough and ushered in the nuclear age. He sent a telegram to President Roosevelt that read, "The Italian navigator has landed in the new world." The Nobel Prize winning physicist, along with Neils Bohr and Albert Einstein, recognized the military implications of such an explosive power, and convinced President Roosevelt in the necessity of securing the power before Axis enemies did.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg/225px-Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg
Enrico Fermi

...in 2001, Enron filed for bankruptcy protection in Federal Court. As the layers were peeled away, one of the largest scandals ever was revealed. The house of cards was formed with the merger of two Texas gas companies, The stock, once as high as $90.75 per share eventually closed at 26¢ per share, wiping out thousands of retirement investment funds. The architects of the fraud, Kenneth Lay and Jeffrey K. Skilling, were indicted on at least 35 charges of fraud. Lay died of a heart attack and Skilling was convicted on 19 of 35 counts of fraud. Skilling was sentenced to 24 years in prison.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/enron-sign.jpg
The famous Enron sign was sold at auction for $44,000.00. Somehow, it always reminded me of this:

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/poiuyt_Mad93.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 21 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1984, one of the worst industrial accidents of all time took place in Bhopal, India when a Union Carbide pesticide plant leaked a cloud of methyl isocynate into the atmosphere. Approximately 1 million people lived in Bhopal at the time. 2,000 died immediately, about 600,000 were injured and at least 6,000 people have died since the cloud was dispersed. A series of mechanical problems and human error caused the leak, which remained undetected for at least an hour. When the alarm was finally went off, the damage was already done. The local government had never been apprised of toxicity of the chemicals used at the plant and there was no emergency plan in place. If people had placed a wet towel over their heads, they would have escaped the damage. The Indian government sued, Union Carbide settled in 1989 for $470 million dollars, but most citizens received just $550, far from enough to cover the medical expenses. Union Carbide shut down the plant after the disaster, although the plant is extant, reports are that it is still leaking poisonous material into the soil around Bhopal.

http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/classes/2c/images/1984Bhopal.jpg
Arial view of Bhopal during the crisis.

...in 1967, Dr. Christiaan Barnard, at the Broote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, transplanted a heart into Lewis Washansky. The heart diseased grocer received a heart from Denise Darvall, a 25 year old woman who died in a car accident. It was the world's first human-to-human heart transplant surgery. Drugs used to supress the rejection of the heart caused him to contract double pneumonia and he died 18 days later, but the heart functioned fully until his death. As time went on, better anti-rejection drugs were developed that gives today's heart transplant recipients a much better prognosis. (Personal side note: Dr. Bernard visited Milwaukee's St. Luke's Hospital heart center in 1969, when The Old Man was recovering from open heart surgery. Dr. Bernard did comment on his case however, The Old Man was on so many drugs at the time that he never remembered the visit - but WE did!)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Christiaan_Barnard.jpg/250px-Christiaan_Barnard.jpg
Christiaan Neethling Barnard (1922 – 2001)

...in 1979, the last AMC Pacer came off the assembly line. There is no inbetween with this car, people either love it or hate it. The haters deride it as one of the ugliest, and worst, cars ever made. The idea was good, but the huge greenhouse tended to make the car very warm in the Summer sun. The Pacer made the Time Magazine list of 50 Worst Cars.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/1975_AMC_Pacer_base_model_frontrightside.jpg/250px-1975_AMC_Pacer_base_model_frontrightside.jpg
I looked up "ugly" in the dictionary
and found this photo of a Pacer.

...in 1917, the Quebec Bridge opened near Quebec City. The bridge initially carried one roadway, two railroad tracks and pedestrian walkways. Today it carries three auto lanes and two rail lines. The structure is owned by the Canadian National Railway and is 3,239 feet long, 94 feet wide, and 340 feet high.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Quebec_Bridge_-_Pont_de_Qu%C3%A9bec.jpg/250px-Quebec_Bridge_-_Pont_de_Qu%C3%A9bec.jpg
Upon construction, the Quebec Bridge became, and remains,
the longest cantilever truss bridge in the world.

...in 1989, Melissa Brannen disappeared from a Christmas party in Fairfax, Virginia. The five year old vanished without a trace, but interviews allowed police to zero in on a guest, Caleb Hughes. Detectives found him at 1:00 AM, washing his clothes, including his belt. Investigators used tape to collect hair and fibers from every surface in Hughes' car and house. Investigators were able to tie Hughes to the disappearance, and he was convicted of abduction but Melissa was never found. There is always hope, isn't there?

http://www.find-missing-children.org/images/000133c1.jpghttp://www.find-missing-children.org/images/000133e1.jpg
Melissa Brannen, as she looked when she disappeared and an age progessed to age 16.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 30 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1872, the British brig Dei Gratia spotted the American ship, Mary Celeste sailing erratically, under full sail, near the Azores Islands. The crew of the Dei Gratia boarded the American ship to find a most strange circumstance. The ships stores and supplies were untouched, the cargo was still in the hold, the lifeboat and navigation instruments were gone and other than some water in the hold, everything appeared normal except that there was not a soul on board. The last entry in the captain's log had been made nine days earlier and 500 miles away. The captain and crew of the Mary Celeste were never found and the reason the crew abandoned the ship has never been found.

...in 1921, Roscoe Conkling "Fatty" Arbuckle learns his trial for manslaughter ended in a hung jury. Arbuckle was an up and coming comic in silent films, he discovered, and was a friend of, Buster Keaton and made films with Charlie Chaplin. He was one of the most popular comics in silent films until 1921 when he hosted a weekend party at a hotel in San Francisco. Starlet Virginia Rappe became ill at the party and died three days later of a ruptured bladder. Circumstantial evidence was used to arrest and try Arbuckle, who was accused of raping Rappe and and killing her with his excess weight. After three trials, he was acquitted but the damage was done. William Randolph Hearst's newspapers had tried and convicted Arbuckle in print before the trial started. He did direct some films under the pseudonym William B. Goodrich and even made some films in 1932 to start a comeback. The comeback was short-lived, though, as Roscoe Arbuckle died in 1933 of heart failure.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/KeystoneKops.jpg
Typical Keystone Cops pose. Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle is on the far right.

...in 1915, under the spell of Hungarian author and lecturer, Rosika Schwimmer, pacifist Henry Ford chartered the Oscar II to take delegates to Europe. The delegates were going to talk to the heads of Europe to end the war. Dubbed "The Peace Ship," the idealistic attempt to sway European leaders to end the war was derided by press and diplomats alike. With Ford's sponsorship, it even became known as "The Flivver Ship." The failure of the mission has been talked about for decades with views both positive and negative. Ford himself, recognized that the Peace Ship was a failure but also recognized the publicity it generated for Ford Motor Company.

...in 1915, The Panama Pacific Exposition opened in San Francisco. It was the World's Fair and was supposedly celebrated the opening of the Panama Canal, but it was also a chance for San Francisco to show the world that it had recovered from the great earthquake of 1906. Like the White City of the Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago, the buildings were all designed to be temporary, constructed of burlap and plaster. Also like the Columbian Exposition where one building is extant, one of the Pan-Pacific Exposition buildings remains.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Palace-of-fine-arts-1919.jpg/800px-Palace-of-fine-arts-1919.jpg
The Palace of Fine Arts, as seen in 1919, was rebuilt in the 1960's and today houses a museum called the Exploratorium.

Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle and Mabel Norman starred in a Keystone film about the Exposition. It is available for your viewing here, on YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIfV_VK6Wb8).

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 30 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1952, Abbott & Costello jumped into television when The Abbott & Costello Show premiered on CBS. The duo started in Vaudeville on stage where they honed their act to a fine edge. They made the move to radio in the 1930's and developed a huge following. In 1940, they made the first of 36 movies together, including spoof send-ups of classic horror movies. Of these, Abbott & Costello Meet Frankenstein is the most popular. The television show only ran two seasons (52 episodes) but continued to run in syndication for many years. Their signiture routine, Who's On First landed in the Baseball Hall of Fame Museum in 1956, although contrary to urban myth, they are not members of the Hall of Fame and are not the first non-baseball players to ever be so honored. The routine (here's the script of it (http://www.baseball-almanac.com/humor4.shtml)) which features misunderstandings over the unusual names of the players on the team, is still popular today and can be seen on YouTube by following this link (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sShMA85pv8M) from their 1945 film The Naughty Nineties.

http://www.clown-ministry.com/images/abbott-costello-radio.jpg
Lou Costello (1906 - 1959) and
Bud Abbott (1897 - 1974)

...in 1933, the 21st Amendment to the Constitution was ratified, which repealed the 18th Amendment. Huh? The 18th Amendment prohibited the manufacture and importation of alcohol in the United States. Pennsylvania, Ohio and Utah ratified the amendment on the same day, reaching the three fourths majority of states needed to ratify an amendment. Prohibition began with temperance movements in the 19th Century, led by such notables as Carrie Nation, known for breaking up bars with a hatchet. The temperance movement grew in size and in power, and while many states banned alcohol within their borders, the temperance movement looked to Washington for federal assistance. On January 29, 1919 the 18th Amendment was ratified. (Some states still have "dry counties" and state governments regulate alcohol sales.) Congress passed the Volstead Act on October 28, 1919, overriding the veto of President Wilson, setting up enforcement of prohibition by the Treasury Department. It did little more than slow down the flow of alcohol. Organized crime saw an opportunity, and soon illicit breweries, distilleriers, distribution networks and "speakeasies" were operating across the country. The Al Capone syndicate operated with impunity in Chicago, at least, until a young treasury agent named Eliot Ness came to town. More importantly, lack of taxes on alcohol sales during prohibition cost federal, state and local treasuries millions of dollars. The unpopular law was repealed on this date in 1933 but some states continued prohibition. Mississippi became the last hold out to repeal prohibition in 1966. (Lynchburg, Tennessee is the county seat of Moore County and is home to the Jack Daniels Distillery. Moore County remains dry, and only recently has the distillery been allowed to sell whiskey to tourists with a special amendment made to the county charter.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Jack_daniels_5cl.jpg/370px-Jack_daniels_5cl.jpg
While you can purchase Jack Daniels
commemorative bottles at the distillery in
Lynchburg, Tennessee, you cannot consume
your purchase in "dry" Moore County,
under penalty of law.

...in 1945, Flight 19, a squadron of five US Navy Avenger torpedo-bombers, took off from Fort Lauderdale, Florida on a standard, three-hour training mission. They never returned. The leader of the patrol radioed in that he was having difficulty with his compass, other pilots reported the same problem. Eventually, the lost aircraft were forced to ditch for lack of fuel. The navy launched a Mariner seaplane to search for the downed fliers. It was never heard from again. None of the six aircraft or the remains of the 27 men on board the six aircraft were ever found. While the official navy story is that stormy seas hampered the search and rescue attempts and probably destroyed the remains, the event became the keystone in the legend of the so-called Bermuda Triangle. Christopher Columbus even reported compass problems in the area, and a similar shaped area east of the Phillipines is also referred to as The Devil's Sea. Much has been written about the Bermuda Triangle, by scientists and skeptics, and by those who believe it is an alien-built portal that allows intergalactic transportation. (This reporter belongs to neither the skeptics nor the tinfoil beanie crowd, but does enjoy the debate.)

http://www.byerly.org/images/bermudamap.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 24 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1884, the Washington Monument was finally completed, fifty two years after it was started, and 85 years after Washington's death. In 1783, the fledgling congress wanted to build a monument to George Washington, a statue, to commemorate his efforts in the Revolutionary War. When the architect of the new city of Washington, Pierre L'Enfant, designed the city, he left a special place for the statue. Washington died in 1799, and in 1832, a private group, headed by James Madison, began to raise funds for the memorial. They raised $230,000, far short of the $1 million needed, but they began to build the structure anyway, in 1848. The design, a classic obelisk, was chosen in a design contest. The cornerstone was a 24,500 pound block of white marble. Funding ran out about 6 years later. Mark Twain said, in 1861, that it looked like an unfinished chimney. It was not until 1876, the American centenial, that President Ulysses S. Grant declared the construction to be completed. The obelisk is constructed with about 36,000 blocks of marble and granite. It reaches 555 feet, 5-1/8 inches tall, the tallest building in the world at the time it was built. It remains the tallest structure in Washington, thanks to a special ordinace that prevents any structure in Washington from being taller than the Washington Monument.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Washington_Monument_Dusk_Jan_2006.jpg/288px-Washington_Monument_Dusk_Jan_2006.jpg
897 steps lead to an observation platform at
the top, although today, there is also an elevator.
The Washington Monument was restored between
1996 and 2000.

...in 1955, the federal government made license plates a standard dimension. Prior to this date, states designed their own license plates and made a wide variety of sizes.

http://www.euro-sign.com/images/replica_state_license_plate.gif (http://www.15q.net/usindex.html)
Click on the image to find what your state's plates look like.

...in 1865, the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified, outlawing the institution of slavery. "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/13th_Amendment_Pg1of1_AC.jpg/469px-13th_Amendment_Pg1of1_AC.jpg
The 13th Amendment in
the National Archives.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 25 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1787, 37 of 55 delegates to the Delaware Constitutional Convention voted to ratify the new Constitution of the United States, making Delaware the first state of the new union. The new, stronger document replaced the Articles of Confederation that had served the original 13 colonies as the first federal government. On June 21, 1788, New Hampshire became the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, making federal democracy the official government of the new United States of America.

...in 1931, according to some sources, the last Model A Ford was produced, so the factories could retool for the introduction of the V8 on April 1, 1932. As a Model A enthusiast and your unofficial historian of the Model A, this reporter knows this is not entirely true. Henry Ford had learned his lesson about the complete shutdown of his factories when no cars were produced between the time the Model T ceased production in May of 1927 and the introduction of the Model A in December of of 1927. Model A's continued to be built in some locations, mostly what were called "commercial" vehicles (trucks and station wagons) but certain passenger cars were also produced well into 1932, assuring sales for Ford Motor Company and its dealers...

...and in 1956, Chevrolet produced its 3,000,000th car for the year, the first time Chevrolet had produced over 3 million vehicles. (We're an equal opportunity car reporter.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/1931Victoria.jpg
The 1931 Victoria was considered (by some) to be one of the most beautiful
Model A Fords. The slant windshield, inside sun visor and the "bustle" rear panel
was a harbinger of automotive styling of the mid 1930's.

http://oldcarandtruckpictures.com/ChevyTri-Five/1956ChevroletBelair-2Doorhardtop-sep5.jpg
The 1956 Chevrolet was the first Chevy to go over
3,000,000 production in one year. The 1957 Chevrolet is
one of the most fondly remembered American cars of the
era, but ironically, Ford outsold Chevrolet in 1956 and 1957.


...in 1941,movies theaters reported a drop of more than 50% in attendance on this date, because most Americans were in shock over...

...in 1941, the Japanese fleet launched a massive aerial attack from aircraft carriers against the American forces stationed at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Within minutes, five of eight battleships at Pearl Harbor were sunk or sinking. Several other ships and most Hawaii-based combat planes were also knocked out.

Towards the end of 1941, the world was at war while the United States was at peace. Slowly, Americans were being drawn into the European war by sending materiel to England on the Lend/Lease program, but American merchant marine vessels were being attacked by German U-boats. American neutrality was in serious jeopardy.

The Japanese, meanwhile, were embroiled in a seemingly endless war in China. Japan's lack of natural resources was a problem and when Western powers cut off all trade with Japan in July of 1941, the Japanese war machine, desperate for materiel, made plans to seize the rich resources of southeast Asia.

War in the Pacific was inevitable. President Roosevelt had moved most of the US Navy fleet to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, to act as a deterrent to the Imperial forces. The Japanese command saw the US Navy as the only roadblock to their Imperial ambitions. President Roosevelt and the American military leaders had knowledge that a Japanese attack on American forces was likely, and inevitable, but intelligence sources were sure the attack would come in the Philippines. An attack on Pearl Harbor was such an outrageously bold plan that no one believed an attack would occur there.

http://www.ccdemo.info/PearlHarbor/pearl42.jpg
This image of the Arizona, sunk and burning, is probably second only to the flag raising,
on Mount Surabachi on Iwo Jima, in the minds of Americans for WWII.


Over 2400 Americans died in the attack. Captain Franklin van Valkenburgh ran to the bridge of his ship, the USS Arizona, minutes before the ship exploded under fire. There were three men on the bridge including an ensign and quartermaster. Van Valeknburgh directed the defense of his ship from the bridge until a violent explosion tossed the three men to the deck. The ensign survived but the other two men were never seen again. Nothing of his remains were ever found, except for his Naval Academy class ring, which was later found in the wreckage.

He was posthumously awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor, the highest military honor bestowed by the United States.

Nearly 1.5 million gallons of fuel went down with the USS Arizona. To this day, about two quarts bubble to the surface daily which survivors refer to as "black tears." Estimates are that about 500,000 gallons remain, guaranteeing that the black tears will continue for decades.

The best piece of luck for the Americans, which spelled the eventual doom for Imperial Japanese aspirations, was that the American aircraft carriers were at sea on maneuvers. Had the carriers been in Pearl Harbor, the war might have been, at best, prolonged or at worst, lost.

It's been almost 70 years since the attack that rallied Americans into a united cause and much has changed in the world. Please, take a moment and remember the Americans who perished on this date in 1941.

http://www.ccdemo.info/PearlHarbor/ArizMem2.jpg
The Arizona memorial today.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 35 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1940, the Chicago Bears beat the Washington Redskins in the NFL Championship game. (The season was considerably shorter back then!) The final score was 73-0, the largest defeat in NFL history. In a regular season game, the Redskins had beaten the Bears by a margin of 7-3 when Redskins coach, George Prestin Marshall, called the Bears "Quitters" and "Crybabies." Papa Bear George Hallas used the phrases to motivate his team, running out the season to earn the chance to play the Redskins for the championship. The game got out of hand in the second half, and officials asked the Bears to stop kicking extra points because they were running out of footballs. After the outbreak of WWII, many NFL coaches and players, including George Hallas himself, enlisted. In 1946, after the war and everyone returned, the Bears won their fourth championship in seven years. With the exception of 1963 and 1985, the Bears haven't done much since.

http://assets.chicagobears.com/images/history/hof-luckman.jpg
Sid Luckman led the Bears offensive
attack in the 1940s. He ushered in the
modern era of pro football by quarterbacking
the first use of the T formation. A member of
the Pro Football Hall of Fame, Luckman is
considered to be one of the best quarterbacks
to ever play the game. (Photo courtesy of the
Chicago Bears.)

...in 1945, after the surrender of Japan, the occupation government allowed Toyota Motor Company to again start building busses and trucks, vehicles needed to get Japan's economy moving again.

http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/history/image/40_p1_L.jpg
Toyota reopened and used American production
assistance to learn a new way to produce vehicles. The
first Toyota sold in the US came in 1958 to little
fanfare. When the OPEC oil embargo struck in 1973,
Toyota became a major player in the US market and
today, Toyota is the largest automobile manufacturer in
the world.

...in 1980, singer, songwriter and Beatle, John Lennon, was shot and killed ouside of The Dakota apartment building in New York City by Mark David Chapman. Chapman was enamored with Holden Caulfield, the weird hero of J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye. (Not to be confused with Bob Uecker's Catcher in the Wry.) Caulfield was also obsessed with certain celebrities and was convinced that John Lennon was a phony and plotted a murder plan. He shot Lennon in the back, then fired two shots into his shoulder while he was wreathing in pain. Chapman pled guilty and is serving 20-to-life in Attica Prison in New York. (Ironically, Lennon once wrote a song about a riot at Attica, which called for the freeing of prisoners everywhere.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/1_West_72nd_Street_%28The_Dakota%29_entrance_by_Da vid_Shankbone.jpg/250px-1_West_72nd_Street_%28The_Dakota%29_entrance_by_Da vid_Shankbone.jpg
The entrance to The Dakota apartment
building, where Lennon died at the hand of
a gunman.

...in 1894, James Thurber was born in Columbus, Ohio. An accident as a child took one of his eyes, and he was a shy and retiring youth. (He lost his eye from an arrow shot by his brother, so listen to your mother.) While at Ohio State University, Thurber discovered writing, and he served the army as an cryptologist. In 1926, he moved to New York and landed a job with a new magazine called The New Yorker where he met E.B. White of Charlotte's Web fame. Thurber wrote delightfully humorous short stories and essays, such as The Unicorn In The Garden, The Scotty Who Knew Too Much and The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, for which he is best remembered.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/James_Thurber_NYWTS.jpg/200px-James_Thurber_NYWTS.jpg
James Thurber (1894 - 1961)
"You could look it up."

http://english.glendale.cc.ca.us/unicorn2.gif
The Unicorn in the Garden

Once upon a sunny morning a man who sat in a breakfast nook looked up from his scrambled eggs to see a white unicorn with a golden horn quietly cropping the roses in the garden. The man went up to the bedroom where his wife was still asleep and woke her. "There's a unicorn in the garden," he said. "Eating roses." She opened one unfriendly eye and looked at him.

"The unicorn is a mythical beast," she said, and turned her back on him. The man walked slowly downstairs and out into the garden. The unicorn was still there; now he was browsing among the tulips. "Here, unicorn," said the man, and he pulled up a lily and gave it to him. The unicorn ate it gravely. With a high heart, because there was a unicorn in his garden, the man went upstairs and roused his wife again. "The unicorn," he said,"ate a lily." His wife sat up in bed and looked at him coldly. "You are a booby," she said, "and I am going to have you put in the booby-hatch."

The man, who had never liked the words "booby" and "booby-hatch," and who liked them even less on a shining morning when there was a unicorn in the garden, thought for a moment. "We'll see about that," he said. He walked over to the door. "He has a golden horn in the middle of his forehead," he told her. Then he went back to the garden to watch the unicorn; but the unicorn had gone away. The man sat down among the roses and went to sleep.

As soon as the husband had gone out of the house, the wife got up and dressed as fast as she could. She was very excited and there was a gloat in her eye. She telephoned the police and she telephoned a psychiatrist; she told them to hurry to her house and bring a strait-jacket. When the police and the psychiatrist arrived they sat down in chairs and looked at her, with great interest.

"My husband," she said, "saw a unicorn this morning." The police looked at the psychiatrist and the psychiatrist looked at the police. "He told me it ate a lilly," she said. The psychiatrist looked at the police and the police looked at the psychiatrist. "He told me it had a golden horn in the middle of its forehead," she said. At a solemn signal from the psychiatrist, the police leaped from their chairs and seized the wife. They had a hard time subduing her, for she put up a terrific struggle, but they finally subdued her. Just as they got her into the strait-jacket, the husband came back into the house.

"Did you tell your wife you saw a unicorn?" asked the police. "Of course not," said the husband. "The unicorn is a mythical beast." "That's all I wanted to know," said the psychiatrist. "Take her away. I'm sorry, sir, but your wife is as crazy as a jaybird."

So they took her away, cursing and screaming, and shut her up in an institution. The husband lived happily ever after.

Moral: Don't count your boobies until they are hatched.

...in 1941, President Roosevelt went before Congress to ask for a declaration of war against Japan. It began, "Yesterday, December 7, 1941 - a date which will live in infamy - the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan." (You can listen to the speech here (http://easylink.playstream.com/historyplace/thp-fdr-war.rm).) While not one of the most stirring Presidential addresses in history, it was certainly one of the most important.

http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/day-of-infamy/images/fdr-signing-declaration.gif
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signs the Declaration of War against Japan, December 8, 1941.
--Photo by the National Archives

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 39 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1902, Margaret Hamilton Meserve was born on Cleveland, Ohio. She loved children, received a teaching certificate when she was 23 years old and became a school teacher. She was also bitten by the acting bug and made her stage debut at the age of 23. She married in 1931, had a son, and divorced in 1938. Margaret was living in Los Angeles at that time, and lived there for 15 years before moving to New York City in 1951, where she lived in the same building that housed James Cagney, but unlike Cagney, Margaret was still working in Hollywood with great enthusiasm. Margaret Hamilton was not a Hollywood starlet, in fact, quite the opposite. Her rather plain look and large nose kept her busy as a character actor, usually as a spinster, a busy-body, or a curmudgeon who did not suffer tom-foolery. It was that image that landed her the signature roll for "witch" she would always be remembered in the 1939 classic, The Wizard of Oz as the Wicked Witch of the West. She made about 75 movies and acted on stage for many years. In the 1970s, she played Cora, a store owner and spokesman for Maxwell House Coffee. She died in 1985 at the age of 82. (For more about Margaret Hamilton, see the Morning Update, October 12, 2009 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-october-12-2009-a-56640/#post689954).)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/MargaretHamilton5740.jpg
I'll get you, My Pretty, and your little dog, too!"
The line was one of Margaret Hamilton's favorites
and she used it the rest of her life. The line is #99
on the AFI's list of Top 100 Movie Lines. Miss Hamilton
loved children and even went on Mr. Rogers' Neighborhood
to explain to children that the witch was not her and
only a character she played in the movie.

...in 1958, the John Brich Society was founded in Indianapolis, Indiana by Robert H.W. Welch, Jr. The organization was concerned with the infiltration of communism into American society and government. In fact, the organization was named for John Birch, a Baptist missionary and army intelligence specialist, who was murdered by Communist Chinese in the Chinese province of Anhwei. By the 1960s, the group had grown to a membership of over 100,000 and it revived a McCarthyistic view of communism. As the society grew, it seemed to find communists behind every curtain and soon lost credibility. The society is still active today and claims that the world is run by a secret international cabal that holds influence over world leaders.

...in 1990, Lech Walesa was elected president of Poland in a celebrated election, the first directly elected Polish leader.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Lech_Walesa.jpg/220px-Lech_Walesa.jpg
Lech Walesa, the first elected president of
Poland. He received the Nobel Peace Prize
in 1983, when the award still meant something.

...in 1992, 1,800 US Marines arrived in Mogadishu, Somalia, driving a multi-national force that aimed at restoring order in the country riddled with corruption and civil war. Somalia was under the colonial rule of several countries and gained its freedom in 1960. By the end of the decade, a despot named Major General Muhammad Siad Barre took power and declared Somalia a communist state. A mid 1970s drought and a failed revolution resulted in millions of Somalis being homeless and driven into neighborhing Ethiopia. The drought continued, and the hunger in Ethiopia was a tragedy of the 1980s. In January, 1991, Barre was forced to flee the capital and over the next 23 months, civil war killed at least 50,000 people and over 300,000 died of starvation. UN forces struggled to maintain order and provide in the face of warring factions that stuggled for power. The Marines were sent in by President George H.W. Bush in December 1992 but the violence continued. The UN authorized the arrest of Genearl Mohammed Farah Aidid, leader of a rebel clan that was responsible for the murder of 24 Pakistani UN soldiers. On October 3, 1993, while trying to make the arrest, rebels shot down two Marine Black Hawk helicopters. Horrified Americans quickly grew tired of the humanitarian effort. In response, President Bill Clinton pulled all Americans out of Somalia without completing the mission. Other western countries also pulled out, and 16 years later, Somalia continues to struggle with warring tribes and a weak government.

For more about the botched Somali expedition, see Mark Bowden's Black Hawk Down (http://inquirer.philly.com/packages/somalia/) from the Philadelphia Inquirer. It is compelling reading.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Black_Hawk_Down_Rangers_under_fire_October_3%2C_19 93.jpg
This image is the only known photograph
taken on the ground during the Oct 3, 1993
battle when the two Marine helicopters were
shot down. The photo was taken by Lt. James
Lechner, who is Lt. Col. Lechner today.

...in 1963, the last Studebaker came off the assembly line at the South Bend, Indiana factory. The Studebaker Brothers (John and Clement) started building horse drawn vehicles in the middle of the 19th Century and made the changeover to automobile production in the early stages of the 20th Century. (John Studebaker went west in 1849 to make his fortune during the California Gold Rush. He did make a fortune there, not by mining gold, but by mining miners and selling them wheelbarrows and other implements. He returned and used his earnings to build wagons.) In 1902, the company began to build electric automobiles and later, gasoline powered cars. Studebaker subsidiaries made STP Products, Onan Power Generation equipment, Gravely Tractors, Clarke Floor Machines and the General Products Division, which fuliflled government contracts. Studebaker built large, powerful automobiles but during the depression, they suffered as all manufacturers did. During WWII, Srudebaker built an amphibious vehicle called the Weasel, 6x6 trucks and engines for the B-17 Flying Fortress. Following WWII, the independent auto makers had to scramble to keep up with the Big 3. Studebaker came to the market with Rayond Loewry's innovative designs, such as the Champion Starliner. It was arguably the first pony car but a full ten years ahead of the Ford Mustang. In an effort of mutual survival, Studebaker and Packard merged in 1954 but it only prolonged the inevitable. After the last car was built in South Bend, Studebakers continued to be built in Hamilton, Ontario but the end came in 1966. The subsidiaries continued under the name Studebaker-Worthington, but eventually, that was also aquired and assets sold off. The General Products Division was aquired by Kaiser Industries and continues to build government vehicles under the name AM General, such as mail trucks and military Humvees.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Lincoln%20Highway/IM003554.jpg
Ab Jenkins drove this 1927 Studebaker Commander from New York to San Francisco, on the Lincoln Highway, 3,302 miles in 77 hours and 40 minutes. It was just one of many speed records he set, several at the Bonneville Salt Flats, before becoming the mayor of Salt Lake City.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Lincoln%20Highway/BendixWoods.jpg
The Studebaker Test Track is located just west of South Bend. It was purchased by Bendix that built a facility here. The rest of the land was donated to the county for the Bendix Woods Park. Note the test track, still extant. The Studebakers planted 5,000 trees that spell the family name, visible from space.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 33 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1901, the first Nobel Prize was awarded. Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, was conflicted over his invention and left his fortune to fund the award. It is to be given in five categories to recognize extraordinary achievement. (One cannot help but wonder if Alfred Nobel would use dynamite to express his dismay over what has happened to his award today.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/AlfredNobel_adjusted.jpg/225px-AlfredNobel_adjusted.jpg
Alfred Nobel (1833 - 1896)

...in 1915, the 1,000,000 Ford was built in Dearborn, Michigan. Some historical reports tell us it was the one millionth Model T, but that is not the case. Ford Motor Company began building cars in 1903, with the Model A. The Model T was not introduced until 1908, until the runs of Models A, B, K and N came to an end.

http://powellriver.vccc.com/gfx/1915 Model T.JPG
The 1915 Model T was the last of the "brass" Fords, that is,
the radiator shell was made of brass for the last model year.
The Model T was known as the car that put America on wheels,
but was more affectionately known as the Tin Lizzie or Flivver.

...in 1845, R.W. Thompson received an English patent for a new type of carriage tyre, inflated tubes of heavy rubber stretched around the rim of the wheel and covered with leather. The world's first pneumatic tyre became popular on carriages and later made the automobile a truely practical device. (Later, circa 1888, John Boyd Dunlop invented the rubber pneumatic tyre.)

http://www.speedace.info/tyre_images/tyre_history_r_w_thompson_invention_1845.gif
Thompson, who also developed a practical fountain pen and
other modern marvels, actually had several small tubes inside his
tyre, an actually superior design to the later single-tube tyre. Thompson's
design could take several punctures before going flat and could be adjusted
for conditions.

...in 1967, Otis Redding and members of the Bar-Kays band died in a plane crash in Madison, Wisconsin. The plane came down in Lake Monona, one of the two lakes that border the isthmus that is the location of Madison, the seat of Wisconsin government and the location of the University of Wisconsin. Ben Cauley of the Bar-Kays survived the crash and reported that one moment, he was relaxing in the plane and the next, he was holding on to a seat cushion in the frigid waters. Four months after his death, Otis Redding's last recording, Sittin' on the Dock of the Bay was released. It reached the top spot on the charts and was his first No. 1 hit. Even though his brief career was cut short, Redding is recognized as one of the most influential artists of the 1960s and is often called the "King of Soul." Often overlooked is that Redding wrote and recorded Respect that later became Aretha Franklin's signature song. Respect is #5 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of The Greatest 500 Songs of All Time.

http://3.media.tumblr.com/jDqhUMq2Mjy7hr2bAjQwhdu5o1_400.jpg
Otis Redding (1941-1967)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 12 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1985, a computer store owner in Sacramento, California died when a mailed package exploded in his hands. Hugh Scrutton was the first victim of a man who would become known as the "Unabomber." The name came from his early attacks that were made against universities, for example, his very first bomb exploded on May 25, 1978 at the Chicago campus of the University of Illinois. Over a 15 year period, sporadic bombings kept authorities off his trail but in the mid 1990's he suddenly changed his MO, probably to increase his fame. He demanded that the press publish his manifesto and he would stop the bombings. The New York Times and Washington Post published portions of his manuscript, mostly rants against technology and in favor of environmentalism. David Kaczynski recognized the style as that of his brother, Ted. Police found him inside a small cabin in remote Montana with bombs. Today, Ted Kaczynski is serving a life sentence.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Unabomber-cabin.jpg
Ted Kaczynski built and lived in this
cabin outside Lincoln, Montana.

...in 1941, spare tires were outlawed - no, not what you think. New cars were not supplied with spare tires because of the shortage of rubber, brought on by World War II.

...in 1941, Germany officially declard war on the United States. The attack on Pearl Harbor surprised Adolph Hitler, too, who wanted to bring the United States into the war but wasn't sure how. The sneak attack answered his question and the declaration of war followed on December 11.

...in 1872, Buffalo Bill Cody appeared on stage in a Chicago based play entitled The Scout of the Prairie. Unlike the many copy-cats who emulated him, William Frederick Cody actually was a scout, hunter, Indian fighter and teamster. He rode with the Pony Express, fought in the Civil War with several groups and was hired by the army after the war to scout and aid in the Indian Wars. After his military stint, he served as a guide for hunters to wished to experience the wild west while it still existed. One of his hunting clients was a dime novel writer who made Buffalo Bill a larger-than-life hero of many the of the little volumes. Once Cody heard the applause, he was hooked and never looked back. He opened his WIld West Show in 1883 and was widely known for his biggest stars, Annie Oakly and Chief Sitting Bull. (The show was still touring when he died in 1917.) Buffalo Bill even dabbled in the movies, begining in 1894 when Thomas Edison filmed seven acts of the Wild West Show. Buffalo Bill's estate. Scout's Rest is located in North Platte, Nebraska and is now a park, open for tours.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/codysadd.gif
William Frederick "Buffalo Bill" Cody

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Annie_Oakley.jpg
Phoebe Ann Mozee
1860 - 1926
aka Annie Oakley

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 28 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1941, under the law of angary (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angary), the US Navy seized the largest and most luxurious ocean liner in the world, France's SS Normandie, which was docked in New York harbor at the time. After the fall of France, the Nazi's took control under the Vichy Government. The ship was seized in New York Harbor in order to prevent it from falling into the hands of the Nazis when it returned to France. The Normandie was, and perhaps remains, the greatest ocean liner every built. After seizure, the ship was rechristened the USS Lafayette and was destined to be a troop ship. (You may recall that the Marquis de Lafayette was a French general who aided the colonies win the Revolutionary War.) Also, as is often the case with rechristened ships, bad luck followed. The Lafayette caught fire and burned at the dock. Expensive salvage operations followed, but the wreck was too far gone to be useable. The hulk sat through the war, then was scrapped in 1946 - a sad end to the queen of the oceans.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/SS_Normandie_postcard.jpg
The SS Normandie.The third funnel was a dummy to balance the appearance
of the vessel and actually contained a dog kennel.

...in 1917, 31 year old priest, Father Edward J. Flanagan, opened a sanctuary in Omaha, Nebraska for negelcted and troubled children, with six boys as his first guests. Father Flanagan had run a sanctuary for displaced workers, but he knew that orphans and mistreated children could turn to criminals in time. His haven became known as Boys' Town and was soon filled to overflowing. In 1918, the facility moved to the former German-American Home, which became the most hated building in town when World War I broke out. That too, was soon overcrowded and in 1921, Boys' Town moved to a farm about 10 miles west of town. It grew to a full campus of facilites, including a school system and its own zip code. The city of Omaha has since grown around Girls and Boys Town, as it is known today, and it remains a beacon of hope for those who need it. (Father Flanagan was portrayed by Spencer Tracy in the 1938 film, Boys Town with Mickey Rooney. Tracy would win the Best Actor Oscar for the picture, which was donated to Boys Town. The line, "He ain't heavy, he's my brother" came from this movie.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/59ede692.jpg

...in 1913, Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece, The Mona Lisa was recovered, more than two years after it had been stolen from the Louvre Museum in Paris. The painting was recovered from the hotel room of Vincenzo Peruggia in Florence. Peruggia had worked at the Louvre, and with accomplices dressed as janitors, lifted the painting on August 21, 1911. It is arguably the most famous painting in the world, a portrait of the wife of wealthy Florentine businessman Francesco del Gioconda, painted in 1504. The image is of a woman with an enigmatic smile, aloof and aluring. Peruggia was convicted of theft in Italy and served just 14 months in jail. Today, the painting is back in the Louvre, under bullet-proof glass, where it is seen by millions of tourists each year. The beloved painting is often discussed and fondly parodied.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Mona_Lisa.jpg/250px-Mona_Lisa.jpg

http://simpline.free.fr/simpson/Lisa/S_MonaLisa.jpg

...in 1965, rookie running back sensation, Gayle Sayers, tied the NFL record for most touchdowns scored in a single game. Sayers scored six touchdowns in the Chicago-San Francisco game, held at Wrigley Field. A standout All-American at Kansas, he was drafted by the NFL Chicago Bears and AFL Kansas City Chiefs. He elected to play for the Bears, scored his first touchdown in the second game of the '65 season, on his way to amassing 2,272 all-purpose yards and 22 touchdowns. Due to serious knee injuries, his career was cut short and he retired in 1970 after just six seasons. Sayers became the youngest inductee to be elected to the the Pro Football Hall of Fame.

http://assets.chicagobears.com/images/history/hof-sayers.jpg
Gayle Sayers
(Photo courtesy of the
Chicago Bears.)


That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 38 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1900, Max Planck published his paper on the effect of radiation on "blackbody" substance, much in the way black holes pull in everything, including light. His breakthrough theory became the basis of quantum mechanics. It was such a breakthrough that Planck was awarded the 1918 Nobel Prize for Physics. My brother, The Rocket Scientist, once took about a half an hour and explained it to me, and I don't understand much more now than I did before he told me. I do know, though, that Planck's observation, that energy is both a wave and matter, together with Einstein's theory of relativity, make up the basis of modern physics.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Max_planck.jpg/180px-Max_planck.jpg
Max Planck (1858 - 1947)

...in 1939, the first production 1940 Lincoln Continental was finished. Edsel Ford had asked chief designer, Bob Gregorie, to come up with s stunning new design, based on the Zephyr platform already in production. The result was the Continental, and the prototype, built in 1939, became Edsel Ford's personal car. (It is still extant and has been restored.) The long nose and short deck influenced automotive design for decades, including over at GM, Chrysler and at Ford itself. (Think LeSabre, Riviera, El Dorado, Monte Carlo, Corvette, Cordoba and Mustang, for example.) The Continentals of the 1940s are considered some of the most beautiful automobiles every built.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/P833_71476_1939_Lincoln.jpg
Edsel Ford's personal Lincoln Continental was the only one built in
1939 as the prototype. The long nose and short deck became a staple of
Ford Motor Company design for decades, including the 1964 Mustang.

...in 1922, Louis Kissel and his sons, of Hartford, Wisconsin, began building the KisselKar and Kissel Automobiles in 1906. Along with Friedrich Werner, William Kissel invented a removable hard top to convert a closed car into an open touring car. They began building the cars in 1914, applied for a patent in 1917, and it was granted on December 12, 1922, released to them on December 13. The concept proved to be quite popular.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/kissel_patent.jpg

http://www.forneymuseum.org/images/Newsletters/AE_YellowPeril.jpg
The most famous Kissel was the Gold Bug Speedster.
Sadly, Kissel did not survive the Great Depression, but the
old Kissel factory is sitll in use in Hartford. Amelia Ehrhart
owned a Gold Bug she called "Yellow Peril." It is on display
at the Forney Museum in Denver, Colorado.

...in 1910, radio pioneer Lee DeForest arranged for a radio broadcast of the Metropolitan Opera. The broadcast featured Enrico Caruso in Cavalleria Rusticana and Pagliacci. Very few people had receivers, and no one knows how many people heard the broadcast. The Met did not broadcast again until 1922. The first network broadcast of the Met was on December 25, 1931 and the Met has broadcast performances ever since, the longest running network program of any kind. (The 2010-2011 radio broadcast season begins December 19 with Verdi's Don Carlo and follows with a rebroadcast on Christmas Day of Smetana's The Bartered Bride, first broadcast on December 2, 1978, with the legendary James Levine conducting. Click here to find a network station (http://www.operainfo.org/stationfinder/) near you.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Metropolitan_opera_1905.jpg/200px-Metropolitan_opera_1905.jpg
The Met Opera House opened in 1905
and served until 1966. It was demolished in
1967. The Met moved to the new Metropolitan
Opera House at Lincoln Center.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/70/Miltoncross.jpg/140px-Miltoncross.jpg
Milton Cross hosted the Met Broadcasts
from the beginning until his death in 1975.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 31 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1909, the paving of the Indianapolis Speedway was completed, using brick pavers the full 2-1/2 mile length of the track. Governor Thomas R. Marshall placed the last "golden" brick three days later at a dedication ceremony.The paving earned the world famous racetrack the nickname, "The Brickyard." The bricks are still there, underneath the asphalt paving that makes up the surface today, except for a three foot wide strip of unpaved bricks that comprise the start and finish line. The Indianapolis Motor Speedway was the brainchild of Carl G. Fisher, an Indianapolis entrepreneur, car dealer, manufacturer and motorist. Fisher also hatched the idea of America's first coast-to-coast, paved highway that would become the Lincoln Highway. He also created the Dixie Highway as a way for his northern friends to travel to Miami Beach, his development in Florida. Although Fisher died nearly penniless in 1939, his lasting legacy is the enduring home of the greatest spectacle in racing.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/Starting-line-at-the-Indianapolis-motor-speedway-1985.JPG/120px-Starting-line-at-the-Indianapolis-motor-speedway-1985.JPG
The "Yard of Brick" at the Brickyard, the start and finish line.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ims_aerial.jpg/300px-Ims_aerial.jpg
Indianapolis Motor Speedway

...in 1947, Daytona Beach, Florida was the location of a meeting that resulted in the formation of the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing, or NASCAR. The organization was the first for the sport of stock car racing, that started during the days of prohibition when bootlegger hotrods tried to outrun "revenuers." The champion car in the early years was the Hudson Hornet, but by 1957, the manufacturers had pulled out of racing and today's familiar NASCAR began.

http://www.legendsofnascar.com/marshall_teague03.jpg
Marshall Teague and the Fabulous Hudson Hornet

...in 1972, the last human footstep on the moon occurred when Astronaut Eugene A. Cernan left the lunar surface to climb aboard the lander. He said, "As I take man's last step from the surface, back home for some time to come — but we believe not too long into the future — I'd like to just [say] what I believe history will record — that America's challenge of today has forged man's destiny of tomorrow. And, as we leave the Moon at Taurus-Littrow, we leave as we came and, God willing, as we shall return, with peace and hope for all mankind. Godspeed the crew of Apollo 17."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Apollo_17_Cernan_on_moon.jpg/596px-Apollo_17_Cernan_on_moon.jpg
Eugene Cernan, photo by Harrison Schmitt,
who can be seen in a reflection on Cernan's
face shield.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 37 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1967, at 5:00 PM, the Silver Bridge that crossed the Ohio River between Point Pleasant, West Virgina and Kanauga, Ohio, collapsed during rush hour. 46 people perished in the collapse. The 1928 bridge, which took its name from its aluminum paint, used an eyebar design that was prominent at the time of its construction. Other eyebar design Ohio River crossings were immediately closed for inspection. Eyebar #330 had developed a tiny stress crack, and when it reached 0.1" in depth, it went critical and failed soon after. Because all components of the bridge were balanced together, the failure of one component caused all the others to fail. Witnesses reported that the bridge collapse took about one minute. (The stress crack failure was discovered in the failure analysis. At the time, and inspection technique that would have located the crack was not available, short of dismantling the bridge.) The mysteries of "The Mothman Prophesies" add to the mystique of the area, and of the bridge collapse.

At the time of its construction, the typical automobile was light and small, a typical Model T weighed 1,500 pounds but by 1969, family cars were twice the size and two to two and a half times the weight. Bumper-to-bumper traffic jams, unheard of in 1928, were common in 1969. The bridge was severely overloaded on a daily basis.

As a result of the Silver Bridge Disaster, the NBIS, National Bridge Inspection Standard, was created. It mandates that all bridges in the United States, longer than 20 feet, must be inspected every two years.

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/byday/images/1215a.jpg
The Silver Bridge upon completion in 1928.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Silver_Bridge_collapsed%2C_Ohio_side.jpg
Bridge remains on the Ohio side, near Gallipolis, Ohio.

...in 1791, Virginia became the tenth state to ratify the first ten amendments ot the US Constitution, called The Bill of Rights, making it the law of the land. The Bill of Rights was inspired by the English Bill of Rights from 1689 and the Virginia Bill of Rights of 1776. There were actually 12 amendments proposed but only 10 passed. The two that did not concerned the population system of representation and the second prohibited congress from voting a pay raise for itself by requiring an intervening election cycle. The 11th never passed, but the 12th one, about congressional pay raises, was ratified in 1991.

...in 1939, David O Selznick's Gone With the Wind opened in Atlanta, Georgia. The film broke all existing box office records. (If adjusted for inflation, the movie still tops Star Wars.) Gone With the Wind was nominated for 13 Academy Awards and won nine, including Best Picture, Best Screenplay, Best Actress and Hattie McDaniel became the first African-American to win an Oscar, it was for Best Supporting Actress in her role as Mammy, the house servant. Learn more at any one of many websites, such as Frankly My Dear dot Com ("http://www.franklymydear.com/).

...in 2001, 11 years and $27 million dollars later, the Leaning Tower of Pisa reopened after reinforcing the 12th Century foundation. Before completion, the bell tower of the cathedral of Pisa was already sinking into the soft soil and by the time the tower was completed in 1360, it was already several degrees off perpendicular. (Modern engineers are amazed it never fell.) By 1990, the tower was learning a full 15 feet off perpendicular and officials closed the tower so it could be repaired. Soils experts calculated a way to take up to 17 inches off the lean and reinforce the foundations. The tower reopened in 2001 and officials claim it will take 300 years for the tower to return to its 1990 position. Oh, yes, you can climb the tower again, but only as part of a guided tour group.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Leaning_tower_of_pisa_2.jpg/250px-Leaning_tower_of_pisa_2.jpg
A rare photo of the tower without some
moron pretending to be holding it up.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 33 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1951, "Ladies and gentlemen: the story you are about to hear is true. Only the names have been changed to protect the innocent" was heard as the introduction to a new television program that would make Jack Webb a television icon through the 1950s and 1960s. His new police show, Dragnet, made the successful move from radio to television on this date. The first episode of the series, The Human Bomb (actually adapted for television from a 1949 radio script) appeared as the first television episode. The distinctive theme music, entitled Danger Ahead, included the famous four note opening that is still mimicked to indicate when one is about to encounter the long arm of the law. (Who hasn't, at one time or another, sang "Dum, da dum dump!" when indicating that the jig was up?) Jack Webb insisted on realism, and the LA Police department even provided real badges for the actors to use during filming. Just as Captain Kirk never said, "Beam me up, Scotty!" Joe Friday never said, "Just the facts, Ma'am." Even though Dragnet is arguably the most parodied drama ever, right down to the steel hammer striking the "Mark VII" trademark at the end of every show, the short, staccato delivery and cut-to-the-chase story lines set the standard followed by every cop show since.

See Jack Webb parody himself with Johnny Carson on The Tonight Show (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4RIBhQIkII).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ae/Dragnet_title_screen.jpg
Dum, da dump dump!

...in 1826, Benjamin Edwards rode into the Mexican stronghold of Nacogdoches and proclaimed that he was the leader of the new Repulbic of Fredonia. Rebelling against the Mexican government without much backing, let alone a plan, wasn't a very bright idea although many of the Anglo settlers in Texas leaned towards a rebellion against Mexico. Edwards said the new republic would extend to the Rio Grande under the principles of independence, liberty and justice. A few weeks later, when the Mexican military was on the outskirts of Nacogdoches, Edwards made a run for the border - the American border - to make his escape. Less than ten years later, though, the revolution would establish the Republic of Texas. (Some of us, on reading this, will be singing "Hail! Hail, Fredonia! Land of the brave and the free!" It's Duck Soup (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d5cJuAtNcJA).)

...in 1998, President Bill Clinton ordered air strikes against Iraq for refusing to cooperate with the United Nations weapons inspectors. Iraqi dictator, Saddam Hussein, had been attempting to aquire weapons of mass destruction including nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, some of which he had used on his own people. The belligerent Hussein refused access to certain sites to the UN inspectors and out of frustration, Clinton launched air strikes to force cooperation. Unfortunately, the strikes came at the same time that President Clinton was undergoing scrutiny for the Lewinsky scandal, and his impeachment for lying, under oath, to Congress. He was accused of launching the air strikes in a "wag the dog" diversionary tactic to direct attention away from the scandal. The short attention span of the American public soon forgot about both issues, but the attacks on Iraq were a precursor to the invasion of Iraq, launched by President Bush, three years later for the very same reasons.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Desert_fox_missile.jpg/300px-Desert_fox_missile.jpg

...in 1944, the German army launched its last major offensive of World War II, Operation Mist. It became known as the Battle of the Bulge because the Germans were able to create a bulge in the Allied lines around the Ardennes forest. It was a last ditch effort of a desperate Hitler to push the Allies back to Belgium. 250,000 German soldiers made the offensive, representing 14 infantry divisions with five Panzer tank division against 80,000 Americans. The assault came against a soft fortification along an 80 mile stretch of the Ardennes Forest, thought to be too difficult to traverse to be the site of an offensive. English speaking German commandos, using stolen American uniforms, jeeps and trucks, infiltrated the lines, sabotaged communication and caused confusion and general mayhem. Americans were identified by other Americans, including General Omar Bradley himself, by asking questions about baseball, comics and Betty Grable. One tragedy occurred when SS troops massacred 72 American prisoners at Malmedy. The ferocious battle continued until the weather cleared and the superior American air force was able to bomb and strafe German positions, turning the tide of the battle.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Battle_of_the_Bulge.jpg/300px-Battle_of_the_Bulge.jpg
American soldiers in the Ardennes during the Battle of the Bulge.

...in 1773, a group of Massachusetts colonists, disguised as Mohawk Indians, boarded three British ships in Boston Harbor and tossed 342 chests of tea into the water. The midnight raid became known as "The Boston Tea Party" and was a demonstration against Parliament's Tea Act of 1773. The Tea Act was an attempt to save the faltering East India Tea Company and grant a virtual tea monopoly to the company. Sam Adams organized the tea party using men from his Sons of Liberty, an underground revolutionary force. The British government, outraged at the loss of $18,000 worth of British property, responded with the Coercive Acts in 1774. Those were known here as the Intolerable Acts, as they closed Boston to merchant shipping, granted immunity to British military rulers and forced the quartering of British troops in colonists' homes. The Intolerable Acts brought the American colonists together in a united front against British rule and began the march to revolution.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Boston_tea_party.jpg/400px-Boston_tea_party.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 24 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1898, the first official world land speed record was set by Count Gaton de Chasseloup-Laubat near Paris. In a Jeantaud, an electric vehicle powered by batteries, he set the record at 39.245 mph. The Jeantaud might have been the first vehicle to use a steering wheel instead of a tiller.

...in 1620, 102 passengers from the British ship Mayflower set foot on the shore of modern day Plymouth, Massachusetts. The group of Puritans, dubbed "Pilgrims" by by William Bradford (who would eventually become the governor of the colony) the group had been accused of treason for leaving the state-sanctioned Church of England (a point that would mean a great deal in the formation of a new country 156 years later) and left the country, settling in Holland. They did not flourish in the Netherlands, either, and they sought backing from London to settle a colony in the New World. Contrary to legend, there was no rock at Plymouth Rock, and there were no friendly Indians to welcome them. In fact, they built a settlement in a clearing the Wampanoag tribe had abandoned after suffering an outbreak of a European disease. In the Spring, the colonists signed a treaty with the tribal chief, Massasoit. As more colonists came to the area, the entire area became known as the Massachusetts Bay Association. (On a personal note, my 11th Great Grandfather, William Colver, today spelled Culver, settled in the colony in 1630. If you are a member of the Culver family, we may be related.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Plymouth_Rock.JPG/250px-Plymouth_Rock.JPG
Plymouth Rock was not mentioned in any
contemporary documents of the landing, in fact,
it was not mentioned until 120 years later. The Rock
is today housed in a memorial.

...in 1888, Richard Wetherill and his brother in law, Charles Mason, cattle ranchers in southwest Colorado, managed to find the ancient Indian ruins of Mesa Verde. While hunting for maverick cattle, the pair was approached by Acowitz, a Ute Indian, who told them, "Deep in that canyon and near its head are many houses of the old people, the Ancient Ones...Utes never go there, it is a sacred place." The ruins were left by the Anasazi people, subsequent studies of the Cliff Palace show that it was built in the 13th Century. Wetherall and Mason collected many artifacts that are now in museums. Many more were looted, so Congress made the area Mesa Verde National Park in 1906.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Mesa-Verde---Cliff-Palace-in_1891_-_edit1.jpg/800px-Mesa-Verde---Cliff-Palace-in_1891_-_edit1.jpg
Mesa Verde Cliff Palace as it appeared in 1891. Photo by Gustaf Nordenskiöld.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Mesa_Verde_National_Park_Cliff_Palace_Right_Part_2 006_09_12.jpg/800px-Mesa_Verde_National_Park_Cliff_Palace_Right_Part_2 006_09_12.jpg
The Cliff Palace in Mesa Verde National Park, as it appears today.
Photo by Andreas F. Borchert.

...in 1865, the 13th amendment was officially adopted in the U.S. Constitution after ratification by three quarters of the states. The 13th Amendment states that "...neither slavery nor involuntary servitude...shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." The subject of slavery had plagued the country from the very beginning. Leaders of the Republican Party and Abraham Lincoln did not seek to abolish slavery prior to Lincoln's election, but to prevent expansion of slavery into new territories and states. Southern leaders saw that as a threat, and upon Lincoln's election in 1860 began the mechanism of seven states to secede from the Union. Shortly after Lincoln's inauguration, four more states seceded and the Civil War began. With no representatives to block them, the remaining United States representatives abolished the runaway slave laws, prohibited slavery in states and territories, and allowed freed slaves to join the Union army and aid the fight. Lincoln had issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, but as the war was winding down, Lincoln knew the war measure would have no constitutional clout after the states were reunited, prompting the passage of the 13th Amendment, finally ending the institution 246 years after it started.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 37 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1972, the last lunar mission in Project Apollo splashed down safely in the Pacific Ocean. Apollo 17 had launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida on the 7th. The mission lasted 12 days, 13 hours, 52 minutes including 75 hours of EVA on the surface of the moon. The flight to the moon, otherwise called a "translunar coast" went so perfectly that only one of four planned mid-coast course corrections needed to be made. Apollo 17 remains the last time that man walked on the moon.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Apollo_17_-_Nachtstart.jpg/800px-Apollo_17_-_Nachtstart.jpg
Apollo 17 was the first nighttime launch of a manned space mission.

...in 1998, President Bill Clinton became the second President in history to be impeached, charged with lying under oath to a federal grand jury and obstructing justice. On January 7, 1999, the trial began and on February 12, the Senate voted for aquital on both articles. President Clinton said he was "profoundly sorry" for the burden he put on Congress and the American public by his behavior.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/Bill_Clinton__Lewins_31996s.jpg
"I did not have sexual relations with that woman,
Miss Lewinsky, I never told anybody to lie, not a
single time." Sure, Bill, except you never should
have said that to the Grand Jury. On the whole,
Monica Lewinski just wants her dress back.

...in 1777, the Continental Army, under the command of General George Washington, settled into Winter quarters in Valley Forge, just 22 miles from the British Army's winter quarters in Philadelphia. The Schuylkill River separated the two armies, General Washington thought Valley Forge would be a site that could be defended, in case the British did decide to launch a Winter offensive. The Winter of 1777-1778 was a terrible Winter, but the army stayed together out of respect for Washington and the burning flames of patriotism. Hundreds died from disease over the Winter, but the Prussian military adviser, Frederick von Steuben kept morale high by training and marching. When the army marched out in June of 1778, it was a far more disciplined and spirited unit than had gone into Winter quarters. The army won the Battle of Monmouth on June 28, 1778.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2b/Washington-at-ValleyForge.jpg/250px-Washington-at-ValleyForge.jpg

...in 1994, an era came to an end when Rolls-Royce announced that all future automobiles it produced would be powered by a 12-cylinder engine manufactured by Germany's BMW. For many years, Rolls-Royce engines were some of the finest in the world, powering not only automobiles, but ships and aircraft.

http://fortune.asia/galleries/2008/fortune/0804/gallery.boeing_dreamliner.fortune/images/07_XO3B8439.jpg
Wanna build an airliner? You might choose the Rolls-Royce
Trent 1000 engine. It's a reasonable $17 million and you probably
only need two of them.

...in 1732, Poor Richard's Almanack was published for the first time by Benjamin Franklin. The book was filled with proverbs, pithy statements and advice for hard work and self discipline. Such as wasting time: But dost thou love life? Then do not squander time, for that's the stuff life is made of. Sleep later: There will be sleeping enough in the grave. Speaking of...Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. Well, good luck then, Richard. Diligence is the mother of good luck.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Poor_Richard_Almanack_1739.jpg/300px-Poor_Richard_Almanack_1739.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 49 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1941, after Adolph Hitler took command of the German Army, he insisted that the offensive against Russia must continue. The Chief of the German Army, General Franz Halder, was also told that he could stay on as chief of the army as long as he understood that Hitler was the undisputed Führer. Halder, a career soldier, feared that "this madman" would throw Germany into war, starting with controversy over the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia. He had talked with associates about removing Hitler from power, and even began to plan an assassination, but when British Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlin, gave away the store, Halder learned to live with "the madman." When the assassination attempt was made on Hitler's life (the subject of the 2009 movie Valkyrie) Halder was arrested, even though he was not a part of the conspiracy. He spent the rest of the war in prison, and after he was liberated by the US Army, he began to write his memoirs. His work was a major component of William Shirer's monumental tome The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. Halter died in 1972, in Bavaria.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1970-052-08%2C_Franz_Halder.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1970-052-08%2C_Franz_Halder.jpg
Generaloberst Franz Halder
June 30, 1884 – April 2, 1972

...in 1980, after continuous carping by fans over the incessant chatter of play-by-play commentators, NBC broadcast the meaningless game between the New York Jets and Miami Dolphins without commentary. There was audio, the only sounds were from the crowd and public address announcer. It was...weird. It was also the only NFL game every broadcast without play-by-play announcers.

...in 1860, South Carolina ratified articles of secession and became the first state to leave the Union, as we discussed on December 18. Within weeks, six other states left the Union and formed the Confederate States of America. In April, 1861, the Civil War erupted and four more states left the Union to join the Confederacy.

...in 1957, "Greetings from your Uncle Sam!" So opened the letter received by Elvis Presley at Graceland, his newly purchased mansion in Memphis, where he was spending the Christmas holidays with his family. By the end of 1957, Elvis had a string of gold records (Heartbreak Hotel, Blue Suede Shoes, Don't Be Cruel, Hound Dog) and a movie, Love Me Tender. He was firmly established as a national icon and the first genuine star of rock 'n' roll. Despite thousands of letters from his fans, written to the Department of Defense, there was no deferment coming and Elvis graciously reported for duty - after one deferment was granted so he could finish making the movie King Creole. He was stationed in Friedberg, Germany as a member of the 32nd Tank Batallion and he reached the rank of sergeant. He lived off-base with his family so he could practice, jam, and attend parties. At one party, he was introduced to Priscilla Beaulieu, which is another story in itself. Back home, Col. Tom Parker, his manager, continued to release singles that Elvis recorded before being drafted, to keep him in the national spotlight. His army service was an event and even inspired a Broadway musical, Bye, Bye, Birdie! (http://www.broadwaymusicalhome.com/shows/birdie.htm).

http://www.3ad.org/elvis/images/3ad_elvis32.jpg
Sergeant Elvis A. Presley (http://www.3ad.org/elvis/elvis_home.htm)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 22ac candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1988, on the way from London to New York, Pan Am Flight 103 exploded over Lockerbie, Scotland. All 243 passengers and 16 crewmembers perished in the explosion and crash. In addition, 11 residents of Lockerbie died in the crash. A bomb, hidden inside a cassette tape player in the luggage area, exploded when the place reached 31,000 feet. Britain's largest criminal investigation in history followed the disaster, believed to be an attack against the United States. (189 of the passengers were Americans.) British investigators and FBI agents found the bomb had been planted by two inteligence agents from Libya, Abdel Basset Ali al-Megrahi and Lamen Khalifa Fhimah. Libya refused extradition. Libya, in order to ease United Nations trade sanctions, agreed to turn over the two suspects on the agreement that they be tried Holland under Scottish law. al-Megrahi was convicted while Fhimah was acquitted. Libya never admitted carrying out the bomb plot but finally accepted responsiblity for the bombing in 2003 but has never expressed remorse. Libya agreed to pay each victim's family $8 million in restitution. Pan Am Airlines went bankrupt three years later, but sued Libya and received a $30 million settlement.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/ff/PA103cockpit4.png/230px-PA103cockpit4.png
The nose of the Clipper Maid of
the Seas after the bombing.

...in 1937, the first-ever, full-length, animated feature film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs made its debut. The film took three years and cost Disney $1.4 million to make, an unheard of sum in those days, but it recovered the investment shortly after its release. It was the highest grossing film until it was passed by Gone With the Wind two years later. The classic film received only one Academy Award nomination - best score - and lost. The Academy gave Walt Disney an honorary Oscar (there was no category for Full Length Animated Feature) that was comprised of one standard Oscar statue with 7 miniature Oscars next to it.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/snowwhiteoscar.jpg

...in 1945, one of the most effective, and most controversial, generals of World War II met his end. General George S. Patton, "Old Blood and Guts" died not in battle, but in a freak car accident, at the age of 60. He was descended from a long line of military men, in fact, he was convinced that he was the reincarnation of an ancient general. He graduated from West Point in 1909, represented the US in the 1912 Olympics (he did not medal) and served in the tank corps during World War I, which made him an advocate of armoured cavalry. Patton was a brilliant and quick-witted commander, his unorthodox methods brought great success but didn't always win him popularity. An audacious movement allowed Patton's army to storm across Sicily, freeing Palermo before the British, under Field Marshall Montgomery, could get there, much to Montgomery's embarrassment. When General Tony McAuliff's 101st Airborne was surrounded in Bastogne, Belgium during the Battle of the Bulge, the Germans demanded surrender. McAuliff replied, "NUTS!" and the battle continued. Patton's Third Army had already begun a sharp turn to move north in order to meet the Germans and relieve Bastogne, even before General Eisenhower so ordered the move. His unorthodox, but brilliant strategy, relieved the 101st within four days. Patton was outspoken with views often contrary to his superiors and Presidential foreign policy, earning him as much ridicule as praise. He broke his neck in the car wreck and died on this date, two weeks after the accident. (If you have never seen George C. Scott's portrayal of General Patton in the film entitled, simply, Patton, I recommend that you find a copy and watch the biography of this brilliant but enigmatic man. It was probably Scott's finest film performance.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Pattonphoto.jpg/250px-Pattonphoto.jpg
General George S. Patton

...in 1968, Astronauts Frank Borman, James Lovell, Jr. and William Anders climbed aboard Apollo 8 and rode the huge Saturn V rocket to earth orbit then to orbit around the moon, the first lunar mission. Although Apollo 8 was not scheduled to make a lunar landing, it did serve as a dress rehearsal for moon orbit and docking. Apollo 8 went into lunar orbit on Christmas eve. The three astronauts were the first men to see the dark side of the moon, and the first to see the entire planet Earth. They brought back stunning photos of the moon and the earth.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/NASA-Apollo8-Dec24-Earthrise.jpg/600px-NASA-Apollo8-Dec24-Earthrise.jpg
Earthrise, December 24, 1968

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 4 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1956, Colo was born in Columbus, Ohio. Who? Colo, the gorilla, was the first gorilla born in captivity. Prior to her birth, gorillas for zoos were captured in the wild, but they had to be young enough to handle, which often meant bloodshed for the gorilla's parents and family. With the successful birth, the need to capture gorillas in the wild began to come to an end. Gorillas are peaceful animals, vegetarians, and their only natural enemy is man. In the wild, gorillas have an average life span of 35 years, but in captivity, gorillas live to about 50. Today, Colo is the oldest surviving gorilla in captivity and she still resides at the Columbus Zoo. Her name, Colo, came from her location, Columbus, Ohio. She had three children, Emmy, Oscar and Toni. (Emmy was named for the Mayor of Columbus, M.E. Sensenbrenner. Oscar was born right after the Academy Awards and Toni right after the Broadway awards. Her second generation produced 16 grandchildren, who in turn, produced four great grandchildren and 2 great great grandchildren.

http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/images/813.jpg
Colo

...in 1952, a prototype vehicle that was ready for production was completed. The two seat sports car, that is rumored to have cost $60,000.00 to build (an astronomical figure for 1952) had been conceived by Harley Earl, the chief of the design and color studios for General Motors. Inspired by the Jaguar XK-120, the car was named the Corvette after the lightweight and maneuverable warship, and went into production in 1953. The first cars were hand built and powered by the rather lackluster Chevrolet "Blue Flame" six cylinder engine. Only 300 were built, and many were given away. GM was seriously considering shelving the project until two things happened in 1954. Russian emigre, Zora Arkus-Duntov coupled Chevrolet's brand new V8 engine to a three speed transmission and made the Corvette a performance car. The other thing was Ford introduced a two-seat "personal luxury car" called the Thunderbird, and Chevrolet had to meet the challenge. Ther rest, as they say, is history.

http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/1953-corvette-6.jpg
The first Corvette off the assembly line came on
June 30, 1953. Chevrolet did not have a facility that
could mass produce the vehicles and few were sold to
the public until the 1954 model year, when an assembly
plant was built. The oldest surviving Corvette, serial #1003,
was recently sold at auction for $1 million.

...in 1884, John Chisum died in Eureka Springs, Arkansas. Chisum, who was played by John Wayne in a highly fictionalized movie of the same name, was a major player in the Lincoln County cattle war. A large, successful rancher, Chisum blazed the Chisum Trail for cattle drives to market, but a large operation like Chisum's was bound to attract attention. Chisum claimed he lost 10,000 head of cattle to rustlers and also lost contracts to the US Government to a consortium of smaller ranchers that also supported the rustlers. A deputy was shot and killed, and the war erupted. Fed up with it all, Chisum hired William Bonney, aka Billy the Kid, and cowboys became gunslingers. Chisum lost much of his power and wealth as a result of the Lincoln County War, but when he died three years later, he was still worth well over a half a million dollars, an impressive sum in 1884.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/JohnSimpsonChisum.JPG/180px-JohnSimpsonChisum.JPG

...in 1941, Winston Churchill arrived in Washington, DC for talks with Franklin Delano Roosevelt to define an Anglo-American strategy for war and peace. The United States had remained out of the conflict, but the attack on Pearl Harbor changed all that. They determined a joint staff for strategic planning and to begin to plan for a unified invasion of the continent. Included with the plans was the introduction of 26 nations that joined in the fight against the Axis powers. The group was called the United Nations.

...in 1944, a German surrender party, consisting of two officers and two NCOs, and carrying a white flag, approached the perimeter of American forces that were trapped in the Belgian town of Bastogne. The Germans had completely surrounded the Americans, and the German party was carrying a message from the German commander that demanded the surrender of the American forces. When General Tony McAuliff heard there was a German party demanding to talk surrender terms, he was baffled, wondering why they wanted to surrender. When told the Americans were expected to surrender, he said, "Us? Surrender? Aw, nuts!" The note read as follows:

To the U.S.A. Commander of the encircled town of Bastogne.

The fortune of war is changing. This time the U.S.A. forces in and near Bastogne have been encircled by strong German armored units. More German armored units have crossed the river Our near Ortheuville, have taken Marche and reached St. Hubert by passing through Hompre-Sibret-Tillet. Libramont is in German hands.

There is only one possibility to save the encircled U.S.A. troops from total annihilation: that is the honorable surrender of the encircled town. In order to think it over a term of two hours will be granted beginning with the presentation of this note.

If this proposal should be rejected one German Artillery Corps and six heavy A. A. Battalions are ready to annihilate the U.S.A. troops in and near Bastogne. The order for firing will be given immediately after this two hours' term.

All the serious civilian losses caused by this artillery fire would not correspond with the well known American humanity.

The German Commander.

McAuliffe knew a reply was in order but had no idea what to say. His staff told him his original reply would be best, so General McAuliff wrote, "To the German Commander: Nuts! The American Commander." The German commander is reported to have said, "Was ist das, 'Nuts!'?" (What does that mean, "Nuts!"?) The fighting resumed, brought to an end only after General Patton arrived to relieve Bastogne, but on this date, an American legend was born.

http://www.thedropzone.org/europe/Bulge/nuts.JPG
General Anthony McAuliffe, December 27, 1944

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 15 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1944, the execution sentence of Private Eddie Slovik was upheld by General Dwight Eisenhower. Slovik would be shot in January of 1945, by a firing squad, as the result of being convicted of desertion. He was the first soldier to be shot for the crime since the Civil War and the only one during World War II. Eddie Slovik was born in 1920 in Detroit, Michigan. He had several run-ins with the law, at the age of 12 with some other boys, he broke into a foundry and stole some brass to sell to scrappers. He quit school at 15, went to jail in 1937 for petty larceny, was paroled in 1938 but in 1939, he was arrested for grand theft auto after getting drunk, stealing a car and wrecking it. His prison record classified him 4F in the draft, unfit for duty. When personnel needs came high, Slovik was reclassified 1A and was drafted, trained as a rifleman and shipped to Europe to be a replacement - a status not well respected by officers. In his first action, he took cover from an artillery attack and got separated from his outfit. He hooked up with a Canadian MP unit, and was reunited with his Company G 28 days later. The next day, he deserted. He came back the next day, but signed a statement that he would desert again, rather than face the perils of battle. His CO, lawyers and others urged him to recant and report for duty, but he refused. The court marshal found him guilty and sentenced him to death by firing squad. Appeals went all the way to General Eisenhower, who was embroiled in the Battle of the Bulge. 71 American POWs had just been murdered by the SS, and Eisenhower had no sympathy for someone afraid to fight, and did not commute the sentence. No one in the firing squad flinched, nor had any regrets. Slovik's wife, Antoinette, spent the rest of her life trying to receive a Presidential Pardon for her husband but none ever came. She died in 1979. He was executed near the village of Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines and buried at Fere-en-Tardenois with 96 other soldiers executed for murder and rape. The 97 headstones were only numbered, making it impossible to locate remains without a key to the code. Using that key, Slovik's remains were exhumed and shipped to Detroit, where he was re-interred next to his wife, Antoinette.

http://s3.amazonaws.com/findagrave/photos/2001/222/slovikeddie.jpg
The Detroit grave of Eddie Slovik (http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=3134&pt=Eddie%20Slovik)

...in 1948, Hideki Tojo and six other top Japanese leaders of World War II were executed by hanging in Tokyo. Tojo had been the premier and chief of the Kwantung Army and was found guilty of committing war crimes. Also hanged that day were General Kenji Doihara (who had engineered the Mukden Incident in 1931) Iwane Matsui (who organized the Rape of Nanking) Heitaro Kimura (who abused prisoners of war) General Akira Muto (former chief of staff in the Philippines) Koki Hirota (ex-Premier, 1936-37) and ex-War Minister Seishiro Itagaki.

Sixteen other Japanese leaders were sentenced to life in prison and others received lesser terms.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Hideki_Tojo.jpg/225px-Hideki_Tojo.jpg
Hideki Tojo
December 30, 1884 - Decmber 23, 1948
His last words were to apologize for the
atrocities committed by the Japanese army,
and he asked the Americans to take pity on
the Japanese citizens who had endured so
much during the war.

...in 1972, Franco Harris made an incredible catch of a deflected pass, and ran it for a touchdown to give the Pittsburgh Steelers a last-minute victory over the Oakland Raiders, 13-7. The catch has become known as "The Immaculate Reception" that, to this day, is debated by fans everywhere. The catch was made in the years prior to official review, but officials were looking anyway and confirmed that it was a legal catch. The ball was thrown by Terry Bradshaw who was throwing to Frenchy Fuqua. Raiders safety, Jack Tatum, collided with Fuqua and the ball made a long, leisurely arc backwards. Harris scooped the ball up before it touched the ground and ran it in for the winning score. In films of the catch, the bottom of the ball cannot be seen, so whether it touched the ground, or not, cannot be told. Harris is often asked about the play, and he maintains that the ball never touched the ground. The Steelers went on to lose to the Miami Dolphins, who went on to win the Superbowl, the last time a team went undefeated in the entire season. The victory was the first playoff victory in Steelers history and propelled them to be a dominant AFC and NFL team in the 1970s.

Watch the Immaculate Reception (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZi2ryWsShY) and decide for yourself.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/ImmaculateReceptionStatue.jpg.jpg/300px-ImmaculateReceptionStatue.jpg.jpg
The statue of the Immaculate Reception is
on display in the Pittsburgh airport. The catch
sparked an intense rivalry between the Oakland
Raiders and Pittsburgh Steelers that is bitter to
this day.

...in 1970, the North tower of the World Trade Center was topped off at 1,368 feet making it, at the time, the tallest building in the world.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Wtc_panynj_1973.jpg/180px-Wtc_panynj_1973.jpg
The WTC Under construction
in 1973.

...in 1888, Vincent van Gogh cut off the lower part of his ear with a razor, in a fit of depression. Legend has it that he later wrapped up the portion of his ear and gave it to a prostitute at a nearby brothel. He documented the event in a self portrait entitled Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear. van Gogh is considered a genius and the ear incident cemented the image of the tortured genius forever. While self-committed at an asylum in Saint-Remy, he went back and forth from madness and creative bursts, where his most famous works were finished, including Irises and my personal favorite, Starry Night. In 1890, he shot himself and died two days later, at the age of 37.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/VanGogh-starry_night_ballance1.jpg/300px-VanGogh-starry_night_ballance1.jpg
The Starry Night

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

While there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. It is my wish for all of you to be with your families this Christmas, and to keep the Birgfeld Family in your hearts and in your prayers.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 52 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1814, representatives of the United States and Great Britain at Ghent, Belgium signed The Treaty of Peace and Amity between His Britannic Majesty and the United States of America. The signing ended the War of 1812. Peace on Earth.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Signing_of_Treaty_of_Ghent_(1812).jpg/350px-Signing_of_Treaty_of_Ghent_(1812).jpg
The signing of the Treaty of Ghent.
Colour lithography by A. Forestier ca 1915.

...in 1893, while Clara Ford was preparing Christmas Eve dinner for her husband and newborn son Edsel, Henry burst into the kitchen with his first internal combustion engine. He clamped it to the kitchen sink and wired a makeshift spark plug to an electric light. While Clara turned a flywheel, Henry fed fuel into the cylinder with an eyedropper. It ran! It was loud and it filled Clara's kitchen with exhaust smoke, but it ran! Henry immediately put it aside and began work on the second engine while Clara tried to recover her kitchen. In 1896, Henry would drive his first car, the Quadracycle, made possible with the successful test of his first engine on Christmas Eve, 1893.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/ford22.jpg
This replica of Henry's first engine, run on Christmas Eve 1893,
was built by a man named J. Bailey.

...in 1923, President Calvin Coolidge touched a button to light up the first Christmas tree on the lawn of the White House. The tree was a 48 foot tall balsam fir that came from Coolidge's home state of Vermont ans it was also the first tree to be decorated with electric lights. President Benjamin Harrison was the first to have a Christmas tree in the White House in 1889. Beginning in 1929, first lady Lou Henry Hoover decorated the tree, starting a tradition that has continued through Michelle Obama. The Christmas theme in the Obama White House in 2010 is "Simple Gifts." In 1981, President Ronald Reagan authorized the first White House ornament. In the Bush White House, First Dog Barney hosted a video adventure each year, shot with the Barney Cam, a video camera attached to Barney's collar, giving everyone a Scottish Terrier's eye-view of the White House festivities.

http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/holiday/2006/photoessays/barneycam5/images/p120106sc-0073-398h.jpg
Miss Beasley, Kitty, Laura Bush and Barney, Christmas 2006

...in 1818, the congregation at St. Nicholas Church in Oberndorf, Austria heard the assistant pastor, Father Joseph Mohr and the choir director, Franz Xaver Gruber, sing a new Christmas song that would become beloved throughout the world, translated into many languages and sung by millions every Christmas. On each of six verses, the choir repeated the last two lines. There is a legend that the song was written because mice had eaten the bellows of the organ and another legend that says an evil railroad baron prevented use of the organ but, in fact, no proof of any apocryphal story can be found. Joseph Mohr had written the poem in 1816 and Franz Gruber wrote the music on Christmas Eve, 1818. It survives today with just a few changes from when it was first heard, with guitar accompaniment, on Christmas Eve, 1818.

Stille Nacht! Heilige Nacht!
Alles schläft; einsam wacht
Nur das traute heilige Paar.
Holder Knab im lockigten Haar,
Schlafe in himmlischer Ruh!
Schlafe in himmlischer Ruh!

You might know it better in English...

Silent night, holy night
All is calm, all is bright
'Round yon virgin mother and Child
Holy infant so tender and mild
Sleep in heavenly peace!
Sleep in heavenly peace!

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Merry Christmas to you all! I know this is a busy day, but please, take the time to go to the Gratefulness website (the link is in the next paragraph) and light a candle for Paige and her children. This is now the fourth Christmas the kids are spending without their mother; keep them, and Paige, and her family, in your prayers this sacred day.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 46 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 6 BC, perhaps, Jesus of Nazareth was born in Bethlehem. In reality, no one knows for sure, in fact, no one in the first two centuries of the Christian church claimed any knowledge of a real date of the nativity. Also, no one knows for sure why the date of December 25 was chosen, but most scholars concur that when Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity in 312, the church had a lot of competition from the pagan celebration of the Winter Solstice, which usually ran from December 17 through the 25th. It was a time of great celebration, gift-giving and partying, so celebrating the birth of Christ on the same day made it easier to slide pagans into Christianity. Along with the celebration of the nativity, other pagan celebration rituals came along, such as lighting the yule log and the Germanic tradition of using pine boughs for decoration. The word itself, Christmas, is thought to have evolved from "Christes maesse" or "Christ's Mass." The medieval tradition of St. Nicholas of Myra, who was said to visit children with gifts just before Christmas, evolved into St. Nicholas Eve (December 5, St. Nicholas Day is December 6.) Eventually, the tradition evolved into Santa Claus, from the Dutch name for St. Nicholas, Sinterklaas.

...in 1776, General George Washington led a daring raid across the Delaware River against British and Hessian troops at Trenton, New Jersey. Before the raid, Washington, who was far more down to earth than his Presidential reputation might lead us to believe, read to the troops from Thomas Paine's pamphlet The Crisis published just two days earlier. "These are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands by it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman." While climbing into the boat, Washington poked the portly General Harry Knox with his boot and said, "Shift that fat a$s Harry, but slowly, or you'll swamp the damned boat." The wet and freezing soldiers broke into hysterical laughter, endearing their leader that much more. On the morning of December 26, 2,500 patriot soldiers surprised the hung-over Hessians and took control of the town. The troops carried as much ammunition and supplies as they could, back to the boats, and back across the river. It was a major victory, after a string of defeats, and a major boost to morale.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze %2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg/800px-Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze %2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg
Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze

...in 1914, just after midnight, the soldiers in the German trenches stopped firing at Allied troops. The soldiers on the Allied side were surprised to hear the Germans singing the famous carol we talked about yesterday, Stille Nacht! Heilige Nacht! Alles schläft; einsam wacht... in fact, in some locations, brass bands were heard playing carols.

Just after first light, German soldiers were seen waving at the Allied soldiers. Surprised, and not knowing quite what to do, they waved back. The Germans came out of the trenches and began to walk across No Man's Land, calling out "Merry Christmas!" in the native tongues of the various Allied forces, English, Russian and French.

The Allied soldiers also climbed out of the trenches and met their enemies cordially, where small gifts of candy, whiskey and cigarettes were exchanged. The wounded were retrieved and moved to safety while the dead were removed and in one case, a memorial was held with combatants reciting the 23rd Psalm together. In Frélinghien, France, members of the The Royal Welch Fusiliers played a soccer match with the German Panzergrenadiers. The Germans won, 3-2 and in 2008, a memorial was placed at the site. The combatant/players all signed the ball, which is on display at the Militärhistorisches Museum der Bundeswehr in Dresden, Germany.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Christmas_Truce_1914.png
"Tommy" and "Fritz" met on No Man's Land on
Christmas Day, 1914, much to the chargrin of
the higher commands of both sides. Fritz defeated
Tommy in a regulation soccer match, 3-2, in one
location.

The upper commands were not at all pleased about the events of Christmas Day 1914, after all, fraternizing with the enemy can be considered a treasonous offense, punishable by death. Beginning in 1915, troops were rotated up and down the trenches to prevent any familiarity from developing across No Man's Land, and on Christmas Eve 1915, major artillery barrages were ordered, just to remind everyone why they were there.

But none of it could take away from the fact that on Christmas Day, 1914, soldiers on both sides realized their enemies were as miserable as they were themselves, and they took a break from warring just to share a Christian moment.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Khaki-chums-xmas-truce-1914-1999.redvers.jpg/325px-Khaki-chums-xmas-truce-1914-1999.redvers.jpg
This memorial was placed in 1999 near Ypres, Belgium, location
of the soccer match during the spontaneous truce. It reads,
"1914
The Khaki Chum's Christmas Truce
1999
85 Years
Lest We Forget."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, CST. Merry Christmas, everyone! http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/smilies/xmas_wreath.gif
And to all of you who do not celebrate this tradition with us, well, have a nice day.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 22 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...it was a good day for American Generals named, "George" and a bad day for Germans.

...in 1776, General George Washington finished his raid on Trenton, New Jersey that started on Christmas night, by ferrying his 2,500 man army across the Delaware River by boat. The 1,400 man Hessian army, hung over from too much Christmas celebration, were taken completely by surprise by the American Continental Army about 8:00 AM and Washington quickly sewed up the city of Trenton. The Americans confiscated every scrap of supplies and ammunition they could find and carried it back to the boats, waiting to take them back across the river. Although it was not a major strategic victory, it was a major victory for Washington's reputation and a tremedous morale booster. It also demonstrated the pluck of the ragged patriot army and proved that good leadership and dedicated troops could face overwhelming odds and come out victorious.

...in 1944, General George S. Patton arrived at Bastogne, Belgium after using a brilliant, and audacious, strategy to get to the beleaguered town. During the Battle of the Bulge, Bastogne was a key prize for the German offensive, because every road that went through the Ardennes Forest came to Bastogne, in fact, the Germans referred to the town as "The Octopus" because of the many roads that lead in and out. General Anthony McAuliff had been ordered to hold the town at all costs, because of the strategic value. As you already know from the update on the 22nd, the Germans had demanded his surrender. McAuliff responded with a one word message to the Germans, "Nuts!" Old Blood and Guts, as Patton was known as, turned his 3rd army 90º in a counterthrust, broke through the German lines and relieved McAuliff's 101st Airborne. He continued with his thrust and pushed the Germans east, back across the Rhine River, effectively ending the last major German offensive of the war.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Bastogne.jpg
Supplies flow into Bastogne after the beleagured 101st was releived by General Patton.

...in 1825, the Erie Canal opened, linking the Atlantic Coast to the Great Lakes and providing a waterway to the west. It signaled the start of a boom of canal building, thought by many to be the way to move people and materiel to the western United States. The canals became obsolete with the coming of the railroads and went broke. Many of the abandoned canals still exist in Ohio.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Bridges/IM006735.jpg
The Miami & Erie Canal connected Eastern & Western Ohio by water,
248 miles long. Parts of it still remain; this portion is in Delphos, Ohio.

...in 1946, mobster Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel opened the Pink Flamingo Hotel & Casino in the sleepy crossroads town of Las Vegas, Nevada. Attracted by legal gambling and off-track betting on horse races, developers had already begun to build the Flamingo but ran out of money. (Building materials, in short supply after World War II, were very costly.) Enter Bugsy Siegel, who bought the project and continued building. He, too, ran out of money and on this date in 1946, opened the unfinished resort to try to recoup some of the investment and make enough to keep building. The attempt failed, in fact, The Flamingo lost $300,000 in its first week of operation. Bugsy died in what appeared to have been a hit, because his investors didn't think he was playing straight with them. His murder remains unsolved. Meanwhile, The Flamingo has changed hands several times, and the only thing that remains from Bugsy's 1946 desert dream (the last of the original structure was razed in 1993) is the name of the place. Today's Flamingo is owned by Harrah's Entertainment with 3,626 rooms and 77,000 square feet of gambling room. (By comparison, a football field is 57,600 square feet.)

http://www.ghostinmysuitcase.com/places/flamingo/flamingo.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 35 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1932, Radio City Music Hall opened on the Avenue of the Americas (6th Avenue) in Midtown Manhattan. The spectacular theater was the brainchild of John D. Rockefeller, Jr. as part of his plan to revitalize a rather run-down area in Manhattan. He leased land from Columbia University, hired architect Edward Durrell Stone and interior designer Donald Deskey to build his palace, part of Rockefeller Center. Rockefeller Center housed the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) that lent itself to the name of Radio City. NBC, owned by RCA, continues to have studios in Rockefeller Center. Radio City Music Hall was opened at the height of the Great Depression to be an escape for people, and it was the number one vacation destination in the country for a long time. The theater is home of the world's largest Wurlitzer theater organ, which includes dual consoles on either side of the stage. Chambers on either side of the stage (one for Great and one for Swell) house the over 4,000 pipes of the organ. The theater underwent a major restoration in 1999, and it remains the home of the Radio City Rockettes, the high-kicking dance team that has been a part of Radio City Music Hall since its opening.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Radio_city_exterior.jpg

Side note: Contrary to myth, the world-famous Radio City Rockettes were not named for John D. Rockefeller, Jr, as they came from St. Louis, where they were named the Missouri Rockets. They came to New York to perform at the Roxy as The Roxyettes, then moved to Radio City Music Hall to perform at the opening as The Rockettes and never looked back.

http://a330.g.akamai.net/7/330/2540/20080720042508/www.libraryjournal.com/articles/blog/770000077/20071205/rockettes1.jpg

...in 1831, Charles Darwin departed from Plymouth, England on board the HMS Beagle. His five year mission was to to explore strange new worlds, to seek out new life and new civilizations, to boldly go where no man has gone...oh, wait, that was Star Trek. (Maybe the HMS Beagle's mission was the inspiration for Gene Roddenberry's television series?) The HMS Beagle did travel to some strange new worlds, like the Galapagoes Islands and New Zealand. The research performed by Darwin on this voyage was the basis of his groundbreaking theory of evolution, of as he called it, "natural selection."

http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/90/19190-004-7DBFD0A0.jpg
The HMS Beagle at the Straits of Magellan.

...in 1927, Show Boat opened on Broadway, with music by Jerome Kern and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein. Jerome Kern won two Academy Awards for Best Song (The Way You Look Tonight and The Last Time I Saw Paris.) Hammerstein wrote many memorable lyrics, mostly with Richard Rodgers tunes, for such musicals as Oklahoma!, Carousel, South Pacific, The King & I and The Sound of Music. Show Boat also served up the memorable Old Man River. Show Boat is generally considered to be the first musical, with a story line and songs written for the plot line.

...in 1900, Carry Nation took a hatchet and chopped up the bar at the Carey Hotel in Wichita, Kansas. The prohibitionist did thousands of dollars worth of damage and ended up in jail. From then on, the previously (pretty much) ignored crusader became notorious for her hatchet-wielding technique of chopping up bars. Carry Amelia Moore married Charles Gloyd, who was a hard-drinking man that died and caused Carry to raise their child as a single mom. Like so many crusaders, she projected her tough life on everyone and set out to ban alcohol from everyday life. She was part of the Women's Christian Temperance Union that wanted to ban alcohol, tobacco and drugs and, oh by the way, equal rights for women. (The most important issue, suffrage, was their least-promoted one.) In 1880, Kansas passed prohibition but the law was pretty much ignored, so Nation took her crusade national. She died before the 18th Amendment and the Volstead Act were passed, but her legacy as a saloon-smashing temperance worker lives on.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/CarryNation.jpeg
Carry Nation with her bible and famous hatchet.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 32 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1895, the first commercial showing (they charged admission) of a moving picture show took place in Paris. The film was made by Louis and Auguste Lumiere, brothers who invented a device called the Cinematographe. The Lumiere brothers made 2,000 films over a five year career. The Lumiere brothers thought that there was no future in moving pictures, so their career as filmmakers was rather short. In 1903, they patented a color film making process. They also developed a dressing for burns and a surgical tool.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/de/Cin%C3%A9matographe_Lumi%C3%A8re.jpg/190px-Cin%C3%A9matographe_Lumi%C3%A8re.jpg
The World's First Movie Poster

...in 1846, Iowa became the 29th state of the Union.

...in 1964, principal filming began on Carlo Ponti's monumental film, Doctor Zhivago, which opened on December 22, 1965. Boris Pasternak's novel, started in the teens and 1920's, was not completed until 1956. Because the hero, Doktor Zhivago, is more concerned with individuals than society as a whole, Pasternak's viewpoint was not correct in the eyes of Soviet authorities. The manuscript was smuggled out of the Soviet Union and published in Italy in 1957. It won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1958, but again, Soviet officials would not allow Pasternak to accept the prize. The film, directed by David Lean, is considered by some to be the last great epic film, relying on characters and not computer generated aliens or mythical creatures. Although the subject of harsh criticism when it was released, it has stood the test of time and remains a very popular film.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/64/DrZhivago_Asheet.jpg

...in 1941, Rear Admiral Ben Moreell requested a contingent of construction workers who would build anything, anywhere, from airfields to harbors. The units would be known as the Construction Battalion, CB, or "Seabees." The men for the units would not be standard draftees or enlisted volunteers, these were all men with construction experience. The recruits had built the Boulder Dam, highways, mines, tunnels and quarries. Some had been shipbuilders, others had been high steel workers. The Seabees were also trained as infantrymen, but they built airfields for B-29's and support aircraft on Guam, Saipan and Tinian. At Normandy, the Seabees were some of the first units ashore, tasked with removing the concrete barriers the Germans had built to obstruct the invasion. Approximately 325,000 men served as Seabees, representing about 60 different trades.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Seabees.png/220px-Seabees.png

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 30 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1890, what is considered to be the end of the long Indian wars in America came to a tragic and shameful end at a place called Wounded Knee on the Pine Ridge Reservation of South Dakota. The government was concerned with a growing movement in Pine Ridge known as the Ghost Dancers. Many Lakota believed that the Indians had been banished to reservations for displeasing the gods. The Ghost Dancers believed that by rejecting the ways of the white man and performing the Ghost Dance, the gods would be pleased and re-create the world, destroying the non-believers. (Sound at all familiar?) On December 15, police had tried to arrest Chief Sitting Bull, mistakenly believing him to be a Ghost Dancer, and killed him in the process. On December 29, the 7th Cavalry surrounded a band of Ghost Dancers and demanded them to throw down their weapons. A struggle ensued between a trooper and a deaf tribesman named Black Cayote who did not hear the order. A shot was fired. No one knows who fired or why, but the result was a barrage of gunfire from the army that resulted in the deaths of 146 Native Americans, including women and children. Some historians believe the 7th was taking revenge for their defeat at Little Big Horn in 1876, but whatever the motivation, it was the last major confrontation in the war between the whites and the Plains Indians. At least, until 1973, when activist Indians occupied facilites at Wounded Knee in protest of American treatment of Native Americans. Two Indians died and a US Marshall was seriously wounded in the standoff, many were arrested.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/WoundedKneePhilKonstantin.jpg
The dead were uncermoniously dumped into this mass grave by private citizens, hired by the
US goverment to perform the task. The Wounded Knee incident remains controversial to this day.

...in 1940, the most devastating air raid of the Battle of Britain happened on the night of December 29 when the Luftwaffe dropped firebombs on London. Hundreds of fires engulfed areas much of London but firefighters ignored the bombs falling around them and saved much of the city. A newspaper the next day showed St. Paul's Cathedral standing, undamaged, in the smoke, a testament to the unconquerable spirit that was London. In May and June, the German Wehrmacht conquered France, Holland, Belgium and Norway, they all fell quickly, leaving Great Britain as the only stumbling block to Hitler's plan to dominate Europe on the way to conquering the world. The Battle of Britain began on June 5 with air raids on ports and convoys, trying to soften the proposed landing areas for Operation Sea Lion, the German invasion of England. The outnumbered RAF pilots, however, were equipped with more maneuverable aircraft and a determined spirit to protect their homeland. For every RAF plane shot down, two Luftwaffe aircraft were destroyed. In May of 1941, Hitler finally gave up on Great Britain because he needed materiel for the Russian front. The bombings ceased, and Winston Churchill said of the RAF flyers, "Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few."

http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/images/blitz2.jpg
St. Paul's Cathedral as seen during the raid of December 29.

...in 1845, Texas entered the union as the 28th state. The fact that Texas entered as a slave state simply increased the tensions between the free and slave states but it also caused the rift between Mexico and the United States that ultimately led to the Mexican-American War.

...in 1908, Otto Zachow and William Besserdich of Clintonville, Wisconsin, received a patent for a four wheel braking system, basically the same one used on your car today. The brothers-in-law went on to build the first four wheel drive vehicle and founded the Badger Four Wheel Drive Car Company. The "Badger" was soon dropped, and in 1958 the name was changed to FWD Corporation. FWD also acquired Seagrave in 1963 and builds fire trucks in Clintonville. FWD filed for bankruptcy in 1981 and was acquired by Terex Corporation, but FWD trucks are still known the world over and Seagrave is the oldest fire equipment maker still building fire apparatus.

http://www.4wdonline.com/FWD/PiCs37/FWD1916FQ.jpg
A 1916 FWD Military Truck

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 49 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1916, Grigory Rasputin was murdered in Moscow for his sway over the royal family. Rasputin was a self-styled holy man and won the favor of Czar Nicholas II and Czarina Alexandra because he had the ability to stop the bleeding of their hemophiliac son, Alexei. He was widely criticized for being an alcoholic letch but he also had incredible influence over the ruling family. When the Czar went to lead the Russian army in WWI, Rasputin, for all intents and purposes, ruled the country through Czarina Alexandra. A group of nobels lured him to a palace where he was fed large doses of poison in food and beverage, yet, he stood and beat an assailant. He was shot, but once again, stood up and beat an assailant and attempted an escape. He was shot again but still lived. He was bound and thrown into a freezing river. His body turned up a few days later, and in an autopsy, it was learned that he acturally drowned, he had slipped his bonds and was fighting to break through the ice when he finally died. It made little difference, though, as a few months later the royal family was deposed and the Russian Revolution began.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Rasputin_pt.jpg/200px-Rasputin_pt.jpg
Grigory Rasputin (1869-1916). In a prophetic
letter, written just prior to his death, Rasputin
predicted his murder and even correctly predicted
the future of Russia, based on who would murder
him.

...in 1922, after the 1917 Revolution and three year Russian Civil War, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was established. Also known simply as the Soviet Union, it was the first country in the world to be ruled on Marxist socialism. It grew into one of the most powerful nations on earth and eventually was comprised of 15 "republics," Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Belorussia, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. The communist party pretty much ran everything, but by 1991, as with every socialist state, it collapsed under its own weight and was disolved.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Teheran_conference-1943.jpg/180px-Teheran_conference-1943.jpg
Joseph Stalin, FDR and Winston
Churchill were allies against the Axis
during WWII, but starting in 1945, the
the former allies became adversaries in
the Cold War.

...in 1903, the Iroquois Theater in Chicago caught fire. It was, and remains, the deadliest single building fire in US history as 602 people were unable to escape the "fireproof" theater. (It is the deadliest fire in Chicago history, the Chicago Fire killed 250 people.) It opened in November of 1903, after the fire marshal and the mayor declared the theater fireproof. During the matinee, featuring Eddie Foy, the stagehands went out for a drink. The spotlight operator noticed a calcium light, backstage, seemed to have sparked a fire. The area was full of fuel - wooden props and oily rags. When the actors saw the fire, they took off. Foy returned to calm the audience, assuring them that an asbestos curtain was being lowered that would contain the fire. It did not lower all the way and the panic started. The ushers fled the theater but did not unlock the double exit doors, blocking the escapes. Of those who perished in the fire, 591 were seated in the balconies, with no means of escape. After the fire, the fire marshal and mayor were both charged with malfeasance. The marshal was convicted, the mayor was not. In fact, the conviction was overturned on appeal. The only person to serve time was a barkeeper, next door, who robbed the bodies while his bar was used as a morgue.

http://www.inficad.com/~ksup/img/iroquois1.jpg
The aftermath of the Iroquois Theater Fire.

...in 1862, the USS Monitor came to an inglorious end just off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, when the ironclad ship sank during one of the famous December storms of North Carolina. The Monitor had dueled the Confederate ironclad, the CSS Virginia. (The Virginia started out as the Merrimack in the US Naval shipyards. At the beginning of the Civil War, the navy burned all the vessels in the yard to keep them from Confederate hands. The Merrimack sank before it was burned. The Confederates raised it and used it as the basis of a new ironclad warship, the CSS Virginia.) The Monitor and Virgina fought to a draw in one of the most famous naval battles in history. After the duel, the Virginia withdrew and the Monitor provided gun support on the James River, but when the Monitor was no longer needed, the navy decided to move it to North Carolina for a planned attack on Charleston. The low-slung ship was not suited to the open seas, and soon began taking on water. With each swell of the seas, more caulking burst loose. The Captain ordered the crew to abandon ship, and most sailors were rescued by the USS Rhode Island. However, the pumps stopped and 16 men went down with the Monitor. Despite the sinking of the Monitor, the ironclads changed the face of naval warfare forever.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/USSMonitor1862.2.ws.jpg/300px-USSMonitor1862.2.ws.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/CSSVirginia1862.2.ws.jpg/300px-CSSVirginia1862.2.ws.jpg
The USS Monitor and the CSS Virginia

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 34 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1972, Hall of Fame Pittsburgh Pirate Roberto Clemente was killed with four others when his cargo plane crashed near Puerto Rico. The previous September, Clemente had gotten his 3,000th hit in the final game of the season; only 27 players have reached that level. Clemente spent most of his off-seasons doing charity work in his native Puerto Rico. This year, he was working in Nicaragua because a devastating earthquake, near Managua, had taken place on December 23 and not much relief work was being done. He chartered a plane on his own, collected supplies and hired the plane to deliver those supplies. The plane was a suspect DC-7 owned by a suspect operator that had been cited numerous times for violations. The plane took off at 9 PM, the sound of engine failure could be heard as it took off. At an altitude of 200 feet, the plane exploded and plunged into the ocean. The bodies were never found. One of Clemente's friends said it was "...the night that happiness died." In 1973, he was posthumously inducted to the Hall of Fame without the required five year waiting period, the only player to be so honored since the rule was put into place in 1954. In 2002, President George W. Bush awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a5/RobertoClementeStatueatPNCPark.jpg/180px-RobertoClementeStatueatPNCPark.jpg
This statue of Roberto Clemente is
located outside Pittsburgh's PNC Park

Roberto Clemente was a lifetime .317 hitter, 12x Gold Glove winner, 2x World Series Champion (1960, 1971) 1966 MVP and 1971 World Series MVP. He had 3,000 hits and 240 home runs in his outstanding career, cut short by his death at the age of 38.

...in 1879, Thomas Edison made the first public demonstration of the incandescent light bulb when he lit up a street in Menlo Park, New Jersey. The Pennsylvania Railroad even ran specials to Menlo Park because of the interest in the event. Although the incandescent light had been invented about 40 years earlier, Edison perfected a commercially viable bulb that was reliable and could be mass produced. The Edison Electric Company eventually became General Electric while several electric utilities still bear his name.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/lBSRPHz7a4T9.jpg
Thomas Edison, the Wizard of Menlo Park

...in 1999, The London Eye, aka Millennium Wheel, opened in London, on the Thames River. At 443 feet, it was the tallest Ferris Wheel in the world when it opened, although the Star of Nanchang in Singapore is now taller. England says the Millennium Wheel is the tallest cantilevered Ferris wheel because it is supported only on one side by an A frame. The fare is £15 for once around, which takes about 30 minutes. The wheel never stops, you climb on and off while it is moving so the wheel doesn't have to stop.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/London_Eye_aerial.jpg/180px-London_Eye_aerial.jpg

...in 1967, the Green Bay Packers defeated the Dallas Cowboys 21-17 in the NFL Championship game, a game now commonly referred to as "The Ice Bowl." The temperature at game time was -15º and went down as the game wore on. When the referee blew the whistle to start the game, the cork inside the whistle didn't move because it was frozen but worse, the whistle stuck to his lip. No whistles were used during the game, the referees simply yelled, "Stop!" at the end of each play. The Cowboys led in the closing minutes, 17-14 when Bart Starr engineered a drive that took the Packers to the Cowboy 1 yard line. On third down, with 16 seconds left, the Packers called their last time out. Starr went to Lombardi and they discussed what to do. The Lombardi philosophy was to never come away without points, but a field goal would tie the game, forcing a grueling overtime period in deteriorating conditions. Starr thought a wedge play, where the linemen kick out the defensive linemen, opening a small hole, would allow Fullback Chuck Mercein into the end zone. "Alright," Lombardi told him, "Run it and let's get the hell out of here!" Unknown to anyone in the stadium, Starr decided to keep the ball on a quarterback sneak, rather than risk a fumble. The Cowboys were expecting a pass, as a completion would be a touchdown and an incomplete pass would stop the clock. Center Ken Bowman and right tackle Jerry Kramer wedged Cowboy tackle Jethro Pugh aside, allowing Starr to jump into the end zone with the winning touchdown. Today, the game is hailed as one of the greatest NFL games every played because of the conditions, the importance of the game, and the intense rivalry between the two coaches and the two teams. The victory secured the Packers' third consecutive NFL title, the second time they had accomplished the feat, and allowed them to face the Oakland Raiders in the 2nd AFL-NFL World Championship Game. (That game would not be called "The Superbowl" for two more years and was still considered of less importance than the NFL Championship Game.) You can see a description of the game, and "The Play" on YouTube by clicking here: The Ice Bowl (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZSk7j9xPx0).

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Wendy/IM000229.jpg
The Play is commemorated at the Packers Hall of Fame at Lambeau Field in Green Bay.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, the last day of another year. No news, no new developments. We can only hope that the new year will also bring new evidence and new hope.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 12 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1959, Fulgencio Batista, the dictator of Cuba, fled in the face of revolutionary forces led by Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. The United States had supported the corrupt leader since he came to power in 1952, because despite all that was wrong with Batista, he was also friendly to American causes. The US was suspicious of Fidel Castro and feared what Cuba might become if he took power. He did take power and the American fears were realized as Castro nationalized American industry in Cuba and he became all-too friendly with the Soviet Union. (The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1963 was a realization of those same fears.) Castro's position on American interests in the island nation ended up in a commercial embargo that is still in place.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/1952Batista.jpg/180px-1952Batista.jpg
Fulgencio Batista (ca. 1952) wasn't such a
great guy, either. At 3:00 AM, he boarded a plane
to the Dominican Republic with $300 million he had
amassed through graft and payoffs. He wasn't
welcome there, he could not return to his home in
Daytona Beach because the US would not allow him
entry, Mexico denied him asylum and he wound up in
Portugal. He died in 1973 of a heart attack, just days
before a Castro-assigned team of assassins could
get to him.

...in 1919, Edsel Ford replaced his father, Henry Ford, as the president of the huge Ford Motor Company. The same day, Ford Motor Company announced it was increasing the minimum wage to $6.00 per day. (The company had set the industry on its ear in 1914 when it announced the 8 hour work day and $5.00 per day as the daily rate, an unheard of sum, and everyone else had a 10 hour day. Of course, what Ford did, was begin to operate multiple shifts of 8 hours, increasing productivity and output.) The ascension of Edsel to the presidency was mostly a ruse, to scare stockholders into selling their interests back to the company. Henry still ran the show, but by the end of the year, owned 100% of the company.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Edsel_Bryant_Ford.jpg/250px-Edsel_Bryant_Ford.jpg
Edsel Ford (1894-1943)
President of Ford Motor Company 1919-1943

...in 1863, President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation and called upon the Union Army to liberate all slaves in the states still in rebellion. The three million slaves were declared to be "...then, thenceforward, and forever free." Lincoln personally detested slavery, but was also smart enough to know that an anti-slavery platform would not have won the 1860 election. The Republican platform had been to prevent the spread of slavery into new states, not to just outlaw it. After he won the election, some southern states began the process to secede from the Union, several did secede after his inauguration. In 1862, Lincoln and the Republican leaders realized that ending slavery outright was not only a moral issue but a strategic weapon. The loss of the labor force in the Confederacy would weaken the military and at the same time, the influx of manpower would strengthen the Union. The change also shifted the war from an issue of secession to, as Lincoln said in Gettysburg, the new birth of freedom. It kept European powers out of the war and allowed the Union to enlist 200,000 African-American volunteers into the military. In 1865, the 13th Amendment to the Constitution ended slavery forever.

...in 1953, 29 year old Hank Williams died of a heart attack in a limousine taking him to a show in Canton, Ohio. His last show had been at The Skyline in Austin, Texas. His son, Hank Williams, Jr. continued in his father's footsteps and is a very successful county singer in his own right. Later in 1953, Williams' widow, Billie Jean Jones, was remarried to county singer, Johnny Horton. Horton reached number one on the charts in 1959 with The Battle of New Orleans. (Horton is also remembered for Sink the Bismarck and North to Alaska, the theme to a 1960 John Wayne movie of the same name.) In an amazing twist of fate, Horton's last performance was also at The Skyline on November 5, 1960 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-november-5-2008-a-45844/). After the show, Horton died, also in a car. He died in a head-on collision with a drunk driver after leaving the club.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/65/Hank_Williams.jpg/220px-Hank_Williams.jpg
Hank Williams, Sr.
(1923-1953)

...in 1902, the first Rose Bowl game was held between the University of Michigan Wolverines and the Stanford University Cardinal. (The Stanford team wasn't called "The Cardinal" then but they are now. The team name is "The Cardinal" and not "Cardinals.") The Tournament of Roses began in 1890 to promote the rich produce and warm weather of the area, and the first Rose Parade was also held in 1890. It grew so quickly that an official Tournament of Roses organization was formed in 1895 to run the whole thing. The first post-season football game was held at Tournament Park, which is now the athletic field for Cal Tech. Michigan routed Stanford, 49-0 so there was no game held again until 1916.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/49/1st-Rose-Bowl-game-1902.jpg

The stadium, christened The Rose Bowl, went up in 1922. For decades, the Rose Bowl was a battle reserved for the Pac 10 Champion against the Big 10 Champion, until the Bowl Championship Series hijacked the game as part of the BCS championship. Still, The Rose Bowl is the most prestigious of the post season college games and its nickname, "The Grandaddy of Them All" is a registered trademark. (The first game to be called The Rose Bowl was in 1923 when USC defeated Penn State, 17-3 and no, Joe Paterno was not the coach.) The Rose Bowl will host the 97th Rose Bowl today between the 5th ranked Wisconsin Badgers and the third ranked TCU Horned Frogs.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/2008-1226-Pasadena-008-RoseBowl.jpg/300px-2008-1226-Pasadena-008-RoseBowl.jpg
The Rose Bowl is wrestling with a makeover.
According to the Pasadena Star-News, the
operators of the stadium are starting a $152 million
renovation today after completion of the game.
The project will take 3 years, with the stadium
ready to host the 100th Rose Bowl Game and the
BCS Championship Game in 2014. The renovation is
facing a $12 million funding shortfall but will begin
anyway. It will increase seating, concessions, rest
rooms and improve exit times over 100%. Ground will
be broken on January 10.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 28 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 2006, a methane gas explosion at the Sago Mine, near Buckhannon, West Virginia, trapped 13 miners for more than 40 hours. Of the 13, Randall McCloy, Jr. was the only one to survive. The mine had been cited by the federal Mine Safety and Health Administration 205 times in 2005 for "significant and substantial" violations. The mine had been cleared for use by the fire boss and two crews were on their way into the mine when the explosion occurred. The first car was trapped with its 13 occupants, the second car escaped the explosion. The exact cause of the explosion has never been determined, however, an accepted theory is that an unusually powerful lightning strike, near the mouth of the mine, ignited a pocket of methane gas.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/425c3c64.jpg
Results of the explosion in the Sago Mine that
cost 12 miners their lives in 2006.

...in 1788, Georgia became the first southern state to ratify the new US Constitution and doing so, became the fourth state.

...in 2008, for the first time, oil soared to a price of $100 a barrel. Sometimes, it seems like 2008 was the "good ol' days" at least, when it comes to gas prices.

...in 1776, the Continental Congress passed the Tory Act resolution to describe how the colonies should handle those who decided to remain loyal to the British crown. Toward the end of the war, the treatment of Tories were such that many fled to Canada, where their families remain today. In New Jersey, an Italian farmer trained his farm animals to sound the alarm when military types approached the farm. One night, everyone in the chicken coop went crazy, awakening the farmer, who cornered a loyalist in his barn. It was the first recorded case of chicken catch a Tory.

...in 1942, the US Navy established the Navy Airship Patrol 1 and Airship Squadron 12 in Lakehurst, New Jersey. The Navy was the only military service using lighter-than-air ships during World War II.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/NAS_South_Weymoth_1954.jpg/800px-NAS_South_Weymoth_1954.jpg
The Navy LTA Base in New Jersey.

...in 1832, the first curling club in the United States, the Orchard Lake Curling Club, opened near Detroit, Michigan. There is no truth to the rumor that, due the the high speed of this sport, that members are still waiting for the first Rock to reach the end of the sheet.

http://www.detroitcurlingclub.com/content/images/detroitriver.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 30 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1959, President Eisenhower signed a proclamation that admitted Alaska to the Union as the 49th State. The discovery of Alaska was made by the Russians in 1741, by an expedition that was led by Danish explorer Vitus Bering. Russian hunters made the first incursions to the mainland and the Aleut Indians suffered the most from European diseases. The first colony was settled by Grigory Shelikhov on Kodiak Island, Russian settlements went all the way down the west coast of North America, as far south as Bodega Bay, California. In the 1860's, after fighting an expensive war, Russia was about bankrupt and offered the land to the United States. On March 30, 1867, Secretary of State William Seward bought Alaska from the Russians for about 2¢ per acre. It was derided as a joke and was called Seward's Folly, Seward's Icebox of Johnson's Polar Bear Garden. Of course, Alaska has been a most valuable asset for gold, oil, natural beauty and the proximity to the Cold War Soviet Union.

...in 1924, two years after finding the tomb, the British archaeologist Howard Carter and his crew found the stone sarcophagus that held the solid gold coffin of Pharaoh Tutankhamen. It was a monumental find, the most intact Egyptian tomb to have ever been found. It created such a stir that it even spawned several Hollywood movies including The Mummy (and it's modern remake and spin-offs) and the Three Stooges who went hunting for the tomb of King RootinTootin. There is speculation that the boy king was murdered.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Tutmask.jpg/150px-Tutmask.jpg

...in 1899, The New York Times published an editorial that used the term "automobile." It was the first (known) use of the word. Also on this day in 1926, GM introduced the Pontiac as a "companion car" to Oakland. GM sold a "companion brand" to several of its car lines. In the 1920's, GM began a marketing plan for consumers, based on the assumption that people wanted to move up to a nicer, more expensive car. The idea was to start a consumer on an upward path, starting with a low price Chevrolet, then consumers could move up to an Oakland, then Oldsmobile, to Buick and ultimately to the luxury Cadillac. There were large gaps to be jumped, so GM introduced companion cars to bridge those gaps, including Pontiac to the Oakland, Viking between Oakland and Olds, Marquette between Olds and Buick, and LaSalle to Cadillac. By the end of the companion car run, the Pontiac outsold the Oakland, the only companion marque to survive. Oakland went the way of the Viking, Marquette and LaSalle. (In the theme to All In the Family, Archie and Edith sing, "Gee, our old LaSalle ran great, Those were the days!")

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/OaklandMotorCar.jpg http://oldcarandtruckpictures.com/Pontiac/1926PontiacCoupe.jpg
The Oakland and the Pontiac

...in 1993, another great NFL game resulted in the nickname, "The Comeback." The Buffalo Bills found themselves down to the Houston Oilers (now the Tennessee Titans) 28-3 at halftime, the result of four touchdowns passes from Warren Moon. It didn't get any better at the start of the third quarter when a Frank Reich pass was intercepted for a touchdown return. Now faced with a 35-3 deficit, many Bills fans left the stadium. Reich, filling in for the injured Jim Kelly, was faced with a monumental task, but he took it in stride and marched the Bills 50 yards in 10 plays to cut the deficit to 35-10. Kicker Steve Christie then recovered his own onside kick, and Reich responded with a 38 yard touchdown pass to Don Bebee, 35-17. The Bills defense held the Oilers, and Reich tossed to Andre Reed for a 26 yard touchdown, making it 35-24. On the next Oiler possession, Henry Jones intercepted a Moon pass and Reich threw to Reed again for the score, it was now 35-31. The furious rally cut the lead to four points - all in a span of less than 7 minutes. Reich put the Bills up 38-35, but Al Del Greco made a last second field goal to tie the game and force overtime. Kicker Steve Christie made the game winning field goal in overtime. It was the greatest comeback in NFL history (32 points) and led the Bills to their third of four consecutive Super Bowl appearances, all of which they lost. Still, The Comeback remains one of the greatest games in NFL history.

...in 1999, despite the dire predictions of global warming, the Great Lakes region of North America was smacked with one of the biggest snowstorms in recent memory. (I remember a larger snowstorm in 1973, but that was in April.) Reports say between 73 and over 100 people perished in snow related deaths. The storm began innocently on January 1 with snow falling on Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, New York and Ontario. Most areas were hit with 15" of snow before it pushed east, some locations had 20" or more. Out east, the storm dumped sixty inches of snow on Buffalo, New York over a two week period. Buffalo was able to keep up with it, unlike Detroit, where 27-1/2" of snow was recorded at Metro Airport and a shortage of snow plows and cold weather made some streets impassable for days. In Chicago, 22" fell and O'Hare Field was forced to close, stranding 200,000 passengers! Some were there for up to four days. Toronto had 16" and was paralyzed. In Wisconsin, along the Shore of Lake Michigan, a 60 car pile-up on I-43 resulted in one death and numerous injuries. I-65 was closed in Indiana for two days. A 50 car pile-up in New Jersey injured dozens as did a 15 car accident in Virginia. New York had over 200 accidents on the Thruway. After the storm, it got very cold and in Congerville, Illinois, a record low of -36º was set.

http://images-cdn01.associatedcontent.com/image/A1570/15706/470_15706.jpg
It has been called the second worst snowstorm in Chicago history.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 48 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1933, work began on construction of a monumental project, the Golden Gate Bridge. San Francisco had developed into a center of trade, commerce and society in the 19th Century but when the transcontinental railroad was completed, San Francisco found itself on the wrong side of San Francisco Bay. At that time, talk began about bridging the bay to Oakland and north to Marin County. The Golden Gate is a narrow strait that is the mouth of the bay. It is 400 feet deep and 390 billion gallons of salt water flow through the strait four times every day as the tides flow in and out of San Francisco Bay, which itself, averages 14 feet in depth. Any discussion about bridging the strait was just talk until 1916 when an engineer poposed a 3,000 foot span that could be built for $100 million. Serious disccussions followed, including finding a designer who could build it for a lot less money. Joseph Strauss, an engineer from Chicago suggested he could build a 4,000 foot structure for $17 million and the race was on. Between the time the design sequence began and the first dirt was moved, the bridge faced numerous popular and legal challenges, not the least of which was the Southern Pacific Railroad that operated the ferries between San Francisco and Sausalito. By the time all the hurdles were jumped, the Great Depression has begun and funding was at risk. The Bank of America underwrote the project in order to stimulate the local economy. In 1933, the CCC (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilian_Conservation_Corps) improved Muir Woods (http://www.ohranger.com/muir-woods/history) in anticipation of visitors arriving from the bridge. (Attendence tripled after the bridge opened.) The Golden Gate Bridge opened on May 27, 1937, and in 1994, the American Society of Civil Engineers named it to their list of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World (http://www.asce.org/history/seven_wonders.cfm).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg/250px-GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg
The Golden Gate Bridge Photo by Rich Niewiroski Jr., used with permission.

...in 1904, Ransom Eli Olds was fired from the Oldsmobile Motor Company, that he had founded with lumber baron, Samuel L. Smith in 1899. The famous curved-dash Oldsmobile was a most popular car, even inspiring a popular song, when the head of engineering, Henry Leland, approached Olds with a more powerful engine. Olds refused to use it, so Leland took it to the failed Henry Ford Company and put the engine into what would become the 1903 Cadillac. Smith, meanwhile, was so incensed with Olds that he fired him. Oldsmobile became part of the GM family while Olds went on to found the REO Motor Car Company and build the famous REO Speedwagon truck.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Olds2.jpg/200px-Olds2.jpg
Ransom Eli Olds, 1864-1950

...in 1914, Henry Ford set the automobile industry on its ear when he announced the $5.00 day. The wage was twice what Ford workers had been paid in 1913 and far more than the competition was paying. The high wage was made possible by the economies of scale provided by the first modern assembly line. Men streamed into Detroit from all over the country, looking to get a high paying job at Ford. At the same time, Ford announced a shortened workday, from 10 hours to 8 hours. This allowed Ford to run three equal shifts throughout the day.

...in 1920, Boston Red Sox owner, Harry Frazee, sold the contract of Babe Ruth to the New York Yankees for $125,000. Everyone knows what happened - Ruth became the about the greatest player ever, setting several home run records. The Yankees went on to win 39 American League Pennants and win 26 World Series while the Red Sox suffered the Curse of the Bambino for 86 years without a World Series win.

...in 1924, Walter P. Chrysler built his first automobile. The former railroad executive and and General Motors employee left GM to purchase the struggling Maxwell Motor Company. He renamed the the company the Chrysler Corporation in 1925.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/25maxwellsedan.jpg
Ad for the first Chrysler Automobile

...in 1643, the first divorce in the American colonies was granted. Anne Clarke, a mother of two, of the Massachusetts Bay Colony presented an affidavit, signed by her absent and bigamist husband, Denis Clarke, admitting that he had abandoned Anne and fathered two more children with another woman. The Quarter Court decreed, "Anne Clarke, beeing deserted by Denis Clarke hir husband, and hee refusing to accompany with hir, she is graunted to bee divorced."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 43 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1847, Samuel Colt won a contract from the US Government to provide 1,000 Colt .44 revolvers to the army. Prior to the mass production of the Colt revolver, handguns had little to do with the history of the United States. Handguns were expensive and inaccurate, mostly for show. Many elitests still demanded dueling pistols to settle disputes, but even those were notoriously inaccurate. Most Americans preferred knives for personal defense, the most popular being the famous Bowie knife. Samuel Colt changed all that, however, by adding rifling to the barrel of his handguns. "Rifling" is a series of spiral groves in the barrel that cause a bullet to spin, giving it gyroscopic stability. The Colt was accurate within short distances, but the accuracy wasn't so important with four or five more shells instantly ready to fire, in case the shooter missed. No one would have been able to afford a firearm, though, if the Army order had not increased Colt's economy of scale. After the order, Colt was able to improve his manufacturing process and over 200,000 Model 1860's were made.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Colt-arme-1860-p1030159.jpg/300px-Colt-arme-1860-p1030159.jpg
Colt Military Model 1860

...in 1999, the Euro made its official debut as the unit of currency for corporate and investment transactions. The European Union was formed by the Maastricht Treaty on European Union of 1992 and part of the treaty was the establishment of a common currency. It was not without controversy, many didn't want to give up their familiar currency, others worried about inflation and counterfeiting, some countries were concerned about losing control of their own economies. The Euro would not go online as legal tender until January 1, 2002 when it replaced the schilling, franck, markka, franc, mark, lira, punt, franc, guilder, escudo and peseta. Monaco, San Marino, Andorra, Montenegro, Kosovo and Vatican City, although not members of the EU, elected to use the currency. The Euro is not legal tender in Switzerland, Denmark and United Kingdom, but many large retailers do accept it, as does the government-controlled Swiss Railways.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/European_Central_Bank_041107.jpg/180px-European_Central_Bank_041107.jpg
The European Central Bank in
Frankfurt is in charge of the
Eurozone monetary system. The
€ sign in front of the bank is the
official symbol for the Euro, just as
the $ is for US currency, £ is for the
British Pound and the ¥ is for the
Japanese Yen. The € symbol is
based on the Greek character,
Epsilon.

...in 1896, Utah entered the Union as the 45th state, after resolution of a long period of turmoil with the federal government. The history of Utah actually starts in New York in 1820, when 15 year old Joseph Smith had the first of many visions that convinced him that a long-lost sect of Native American Christians had lived in the New World that predated Columbus. Three of his visions were of an Native American angel named Moroni, the son of Mormon, who told Smith where to find the New World version of the New Testament of Christ, inscribed on gold plates. Smith translated the scripture from the gold plates and he called it The Book of Mormon. He founded a church based on the book called Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, commonly called Mormon or, LDS.

As you might guess, Smith was greatly persecuted and he fled to Ohio and Missouri before the Mormons founded Nauvoo, Illinois, where he became mayor. In events too comlex to describe here, Smith was arrested, then shot and killed by vigilantes. His cause was taken up by Bringham Young, who led Smith's followers to the valley of the Great Salt Desert in Utah. Young was appointed the first governor of the Utah territory, but most people were still outraged with the Mormons. When reports came back of polygamy, Young was removed from office and the US Army was dispatched to retake federal control of Utah. In 1890, the new leader of the church, Wilford Woodruff, wrote a Manifesto in which he announced that the LDS renounced polygamy and six years later, Utah entered the union. (It is also important to note that not all citizens of Utah are members of the LDS church. It is also important to point out that contrary to myth and media reports, those who practice polygamy are not members of the LDS.)

http://www.truthnet.org/Christianity/Cults/Mormon7/sltemp.jpg
The Mormon Temple, Salt Lake City, Utah.

...in 1935, the very first Billboard pop-music chart appeared. The chart topper that week was by Joe Venuti with a song called Stop! Look! Listen!. No, I've never heard it and I have no idea what it is.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 19 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1994, Nancy Kerrigan was attacked at Cobo Hall in Detroit, after completing a practice session, one day before the US Championships and a month before the Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway. Kerrigan was favored to win both events. She was leaving the ice when a man (later identified as Shane Stant) attacked her, striking her on the right kneecap with a collapsible baton. Her father picked her up and carried her to the locker room, from where she was taken to a hospital for x-rays and treatment. The police followed the trail to Jeff Gillooly, ex-husband of Kerrigan's biggest rival - Tonya Harding. Gillooly hired Stant to perform the attack. Later in January, Harding admitted to being in on the plot to attack Kerrigan. The Olympic Committee prepared to drop Harding from the team, she responded with a $20 million lawsuit. The committee was blackmailed into allowing her to stay on the team. She embarrassed the United States Olympic Team and herself with her antics at Lillehammer. Harding finished 8th place, Kerrigan won the silver medal, losing out to Oksana Baiul of the Ukraine. In the wake of the affair, Harding was fined $100,000 and sentenced to 500 hours of community service, she was stripped of her 1994 US Championship and banned from amateur skating - for life. Her reputation and career went downhill from there, including nude videos and boxing.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/21399930.jpg
Nancy Kerrigan was attacked on this date, but
was able to overcome the damage and won the
Silver Medal at the Olympics.

...in 1912, New Mexico was brought into the union as the 47th state. It started out as a territory of Spain, explored by Fancisco Vasquez de Coronado in 1540. When Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821, New Mexico became a territory of Mexico. It was ceded to the United States in 1853 as part of the settlement of the Mexican-American War. The Apache and Navaho resisted settlement by Spain, Mexico and the United States, but when Geronimo surrendered in 1886, the hostilities ceased. The population grew after that, with ranching and the coming of the Santa Fe Railroad in 1879.

...in 1936, the Warner Brothers studio, under Tex Avery premiered a new cartoon called Gold Diggers of '49. The cartoon starred "Beans" and featured the second appearance of a new character named Porky Pig. The following year, Porky would receive a new voice, that of Mel Blanc.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4d/Beans_and_Porky.jpg

...in 1973, A Mercedes-Benz 770K convertible sedan was sold at auction for $153,000.00, a record price for any vehicle at that time. The 770K series was a specially designed car that was only used by officials of the Nazi party and this particular car was supposedly a parade car used by Hitler himself. The owner displayed the car in Las Vegas and had a special display trailer built for the car, so the car could make a circuit of auto shows in the late 1970's. It was in Milwaukee several times, but I haven't seen it since. It is, reportedly, in the hands of a private collector now. (UPDATE! The car was sold again in November, 2009, as part of a package of related Nazi vehicles. It is now in the hands of a Russian collector with little else known about it.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/hitlerscar_1529350c.jpg
Der Fuhrer takes a parade ride in what may, or may not be, the subject
vehicle. At least two of the 770K convertibles were built.

...in 1973, Schoolhouse Rock (http://www.school-house-rock.com/) premiered on the ABC Saturday Morning cartoon lineup. In the early 1970's, an advertising executive (David McCall) was disturbed that his 11 year old boy couldn't remember multiplication tables but did know the words to every popular song on the radio. He decided that maybe the trick was to teach kids with rock 'n' roll, and he asked pianist Bob Dorough to write a song based on the multiplication tables. The result was Three is a Magic Number. McCall presented it to Michael Eisner, now the CEO of Disney/ABC but who was, at the time, in charge of children's programming. Eisner immediately bought it and ordered more! Each episode is three minutes long and teaches a lesson to a snappy tune. The episodes aired from 1975 through 1985, won four Emmys and are now available on DVD. Some episodes, such as How a Bill Becomes Law (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mEJL2Uuv-oQ) and Conjunction Junction (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mkO87mkgcNo&feature=related) can be seen on YouTube. You can also see the lesson that started it all, Three is a Magic Number (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yPzAjiLr5Zw&feature=related) up there, too.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e6/School_House_Rock%21.png (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0069627/)

That's it. That's all we know as of 5:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 29 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1785, the first men to fly across the English Channel, Frenchman Jean-Pierre Blanchard and American John Jeffries, accomplished the feat in a gas balloon.

...in 1789, the first Presidential election was held in the United States. As defined by the US Constitution, voters chose state electors. The electors, in turn, voted as members of the electoral college. The same system is used to this day, but the difference is that 1789, only white, male, land owners were allowed to vote for electors. Today, of course, any citizen over the age of 18 is allowed to vote. Detractors of the electoral college system say that it is possible for a candidate to win the popular vote but to lose the electoral college. This happened three times, in 1876, 1888 and 2000. Proponents of the system point out that the electoral college distributes the vote over all states, meaning Rhode Island has as much at stake in the election as larger states. If the electoral college were eliminated for popular vote only, large states like California and Texas could dominate every election, overriding smaller states. In 1789, as expected, George Washington easily won the first election and he took office on April 30, 1789.

...in 1924, George Gershwin completed the Rhapsody in Blue, the landmark jazz symphony that is popular to this day. The piece was commissioned by Paul Whiteman for his big band. The distinctive opening features a clarinet starting with the lowest note possible on the instrument, quickly rising to the top register, using a technique called a "schmear" to a high C, a technique that only a few clarinetists can achieve. Gershwin also wrote An American in Paris, made famous in a Gene Kelly movie of the same name. Along with his brother, Ira, he wrote Porgy & Bess and the team wrote hundreds of familiar American songs. He died tragically in 1937, the result of a brain tumor that may have been caused by him being struck by a golf ball. His estate continues to collect royalties and he is estimated to be one of the wealthiest composers in history.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/George_Gershwin_1937.jpg/200px-George_Gershwin_1937.jpg
Jacob Gershowitz, aka George Gershwin
(1898-1937)

...in 1940, the CBS radio network premiered Gene Autry's Melody ranch which would remain on the air for 16 years. While in high school, Autry worked as a telegrapher at his town's railroad station and in between tasks, he would sing and play a cheap guitar. A stranger passing through the station one day heard him sing and suggested he go on the radio. The stranger knew what he was talking about, his name was Will Rogers. He found success as "Oklahoma's Yodeling Cowboy" and became a mainstay of the Sears National Barn Dance. He co wrote and recorded the first gold record, That Silver Haired Daddy of Mine. In 1934, he was recruited to ride, play guitar and sing in a series of western serials and by 1940, he was America's Favorite Cowboy. During WWII, Autry joined the Army Air Corps and took his oath on the air. (He flew a C-47 in the Pacific Theater.) Roy Rogers took his place while he served. Later, Autry would star with Pat Buttram on the Gene Autry Show. Autry was also an investor and entrepreneur, even owning the California Angels as a very popular baseball owner. Autry is the only entertainer to have five stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and he was elected to the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1969.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/GeneAutry.jpg/250px-GeneAutry.jpg
Gene Autry (1907-1998) in the Gene Autry Show.

...in 1999, the impeachment trial of President Bill Clinton began. He was charged with lying under oath and obstructing justice. Supreme Court Chief Justice William Rehnquist, under Article 1 of the US Constitution, was sworn in to preside over the trial, with Senators as jurors. President Clinton was the second US President to be impeached, the first being President Andrew Johnson in 1868.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Senate_in_session.jpg
The impeachment trial of President Bill Clinton in 1999,
Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist presiding.

...in 1985, GM opened Saturn Corporation as a wholly owned, independent subsidiary of the giant automaker. As time went on, though, it became obvious that Saturn was, in fact, a division of GM. Components and platforms were shared with Saturn's GM brethren, such as the Saturn Sky roadster that was built on the same platform as the Pontiac Solstice. It was announced in 2009, after the government takeover of GM, that the Saturn Division would either be sold off or close. In September 2009, a pending sale to the Penske Automotive Group went south when Penske withdrew the tender. New production stopped on October 1, 2009. Saturn ceased operation on October 31, 2010, bringing an end to the 25 year experiment.

http://wiki.gmnext.com/wiki/uploads/d/db/C4525-0010.jpg
Roger Smith and F James McDonald with the 1985 Saturn

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 31 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1815, two weeks after the conclusion of the War of 1812, one last big battle was fought. The Treaty of Ghent had been signed on December 24, 1814 to end the hostilities, but word did not reach the combatants. The British marched against New Orleans on January 8, hoping that by the capture of the city they could separate Louisiana from the rest of the country. (The US had purchased Louisiana from France in 1803, Napoleon probably needed the money because England and France were embroiled in the Napoleonic Wars.) The War of 1812 had petty much reached a stalemate. The merchants of England wanted the war over so they could go back to trading with the Americans but some in Britain wanted to capture Louisiana for England, and a British force began plans to capture New Orleans. The pirate, Jean Lafitte, knew of the British plans and warned the Americans. When the British, under General Edward Pakenham arrived, they found their way was blocked by General Andrew Jackson. Although the British force of 7,500 outnumbered the 4,500 Americans, mostly militia from Kentucky and Tennessee, they were mowed down by the mountaineers who were sharpshooters. In less than an hour, General Pakenham was dead along with 2,000 of his men killed, captured or wounded. Only 8 Americans died and 13 were wounded. The battle had little effect on a war that was already over, but it elevated Andrew Jackson's reputation and catapulted him into the Presidency.

Johnny Horton sings The Battle of New Orleans (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsRK3DNoa_Q).

...in 1642, Galileo Galilei died at the age of 77. He is referred to as the father of modern astronomy and the father of modern physics. He was the first to use a telescope and discovered the rings of Saturn, the moons of Jupiter, sunspots and the rotation of the sun. He published his astronomical findings, that confirmed the Copernican theory of heliotropism, that the earth rotated around the sun. This was heretical to the Catholic church that supported the geocentric view that the universe revolved around the earth. Galileo was convicted of heresy in 1633 but allowed to serve out his sentence under house arrest.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg/225px-Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

...in 1790, President George Washington delivered the very first State of the Union Address to the assembled congress in the capital, at New York City. He had a very carefully worded script that danced around the controversial issue of maintaining a standing army. He also expressed an interest in uniform rules including currency, weights and measures. He also stated a goal of a federal post office, post roads and and a system of public education. To this day, the President addresses a joint session cogress each January (except in inauguration years) to deliver the State of the Union Address.

...in 1941, the media mogul, William Randolph Hearst, ordered his entire media chain not to accept any advertising for, to review, or to even mention, Orson Welles' blockbuster Citizen Kane as Hearst thought the film was a poor study of him, portrayed by the character Charles Foster Kane. Hearst reportedly offered RKO studios $800,000.00 to burn all the prints and destroy the negatives. Welles claimed that a policeman pulled him aside after the premiere and told him, don't go to your hotel room. Hearst has a naked, underage girl there, waiting to jump into your arms with Hearst photographers waiting to get pictures. Welles did not go to his room that night and no one knows if the story was true or not. In the long run, Hearst's efforts to suppress the film did the opposite in the long run, as his name is never mentioned without a mention to Citizen Kane in the same sentence. Kane is the AFI's #1 of the top 100 movies, "Rosebud" is the #17 quote and it won the 1941 Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and was nominated for 8 other Oscars. The film set many standards for film production and Roger Ebert has called it the best movie ever made.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/ce/Citizenkane.jpg/215px-Citizenkane.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 39 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1493, Christopher Columbus wrote in his journal that while sailing near the Dominican Republic, he spotted three mermaids. He described them as "...not half as beautiful as they are painted." What he had spotted were three manatees, large, slow moving marine mammals with human-like eyes, a large face and flipper-like tail. They are vegetarians, reaching a length of 10-12 feet and they average between 800 and 1,200 pounds. They have no natural predators, but they are endangered in Florida waters due to collisions with boats.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/FL_fig04.jpg/250px-FL_fig04.jpg

...in 1768, the first circus was performed in London by Philip Astley. There had always been trick riders acrobats and such, but it was not until Astley that they were all shown in one place. Astley was a cavalry man, and he learned that if he rode in a tight circle, he could perform amazing feats on horseback by utilizing centrifugal force. He developed a reputation as a trick rider, and he gathered other equestrians, clowns and musicians together under one roof. It was a competitor who opened down the street that used the word "circus" and the word soon became a generic term for the traveling show. In 1871, P.T. Barnum started his road circus and in 1884, the five Ringling Brothers, from Baraboo, Wisconsin, formed a road circus. Barnum and the Ringlings began buying other circuses, building large shows. The Ringlins bought out Barnum in 1907, eventually combining the shows to create The Greatest Show on Earth®. (The phrase is a fiercely guarded trademark.) Today, the largest collection of memorabilia and circus wagons in one place is located in the Ringling's home town of Baraboo, at the Circus World Museum (http://circusworld.wisconsinhistory.org/). Baraboo is also home to the Al Ringling Theater (http://www.alringling.com/), one of the first movie palaces.

...in 1776, Thomas Paine published his influential pamphlet, Common Sense that was a rallying cry for independence from Great Britain. The 47 page pamphlet sold over a half a million copies and united colonists into a common cause.

...in 1959, Clint Eastwood premiered in the Warner Brothers Television show, Rawhide. A mid-season replacement, it was one of 30 westerns on television in the 1959-60 season. It ran for 7 years before A Fistful of Dollars launched Eastwood into super stardom.

http://www.movieactors.com/photos-clint/clint23.jpeg
Clint Eastwood as Rowdy Yates

...in 1911, the US Circuit Court of Appeals threw out a patent infringement suit against Henry Ford. George B. Selden, an attorney, received a patent for a gasoline powered device called a "road engine" in 1895, claiming to have conceived the device during the Civil War. His "road engine" was basically a high-wheeled buckboard with an engine instead of horses. He never actually built the contraption and his concepts were far behind those of contemporary designs, but his patent assured a monopoly against anyone building a self-powered vehicle. Selden created the Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers, a syndicate that collected royalties from auto makers. In 1903, the newly formed Ford Motor Company refused to pay tribute to the ALAM. Selden sued. The case dragged out until 1909, when a New York Court ruled in favor of the ALAM. Ford appealed. On this date in 1911, the case was thrown out of court, opening the door for Henry Ford to dominate the automobile marketplace until the competition caught up to him in the 1920s.

http://inventors.about.com/library/graphics/selden.gif
In 1911, a judge finally ruled that Selden's patent
did not fully describe an automobile, and since Selden
had not actually ever built a prototype, the patent was
invalid. With the breaking of the Selden Patent, the way
was cleared for Henry Ford to dominate the market with
the venerable Model T.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 23 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1971, the popular PBS series, Masterpiece Theater went on the air. From the beginning, the series was underwritten by Mobil, later Mobil/Exxon, and for a time was even called Mobil Masterpiece Theater. Mobil pulled their funding at the end of 2005 and it is currently without sponsorship. (The show has also undergone major changes, including dropping "Theater" so it is now just Masterpiece and one cannot help but wonder if the changes were driven by Mobil's pulling of funding, or if the changes drove Mobil to pull the funding?) From the distinctive opening theme (Rondeau from Sinfonies de Fanfares by Jean-Joseph Mouret) to the much-parodied host, the late Allistair Cooke, the series has been a popular fixture for PBS. The show has been parodied many times, one of the best was an episode of South Park with Malcolm McDowel playing the host part and announcing, "I am a British person" and he goes on to narrate a parody of Great Expectations.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d1/Mpt-logo.png/175px-Mpt-logo.png

...in 1901,near Beaumont, Texas at a field called Spindletop Hill, and oil well came in with a gusher that shot hundreds of feet in the air and took 9 days to cap. The well, drilled by Croatia born Anthony Lucas, came in at a depth of 1,000 feet and flowed at a rate of 100,000 barrels per day.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Anthony_F._Lucas.jpg/160px-Anthony_F._Lucas.jpg
Croatian-American,
Anthony Lucas 1855-1921

The petroleum age had already begun when oil was discovered in Titusville,Pennsylvania in 1859 and prior to the Spindletop Hill find, Pennsylvania produced over half of the world's oil supply! At that time, oil was more of a curiosity than a commodity, kerosene was used for lighting and oil was used as a lubricant. People like Ransom E. Olds, Alexander Winton and the Duryea Brothers were changing things, though, as they were using gasoline to power a new fangled contraption called the automobile. Spindletop Hill created a "Black Gold Rush" and the population of Beaumont tripled overnight. There were oil workers, speculators, investors, merchants, bankers and the inevitable con men that almost changed the name to "Swindletop." By 1902, there were 500 oil companies operating there, some with names like Humble Oil (it would become Exxon) the Texas Company (Texaco, now Chevron) and Magnolia Petroleum, which would evolve into Mobil. The field remained profitable for decades with more oil discovered in the 1920's at deeper depths. Today, it is pretty much tapped out and only a few wells are still operating.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Lucas_gusher.jpg/250px-Lucas_gusher.jpg
The gusher at Spindletop Hill

...in 1961, Dashiel Hammett passed away. Not sure who he was? Follow along. He left school at the age of 13 and followed a path of dead end jobs before he became a detective with Pinkerton's, where he worked for eight years. It was there he had the experiences that he turned into fiction. His flat out honest and blunt descriptions of violence and events became known as the "hard-boiled" style of detective novels, followed later by writers like Raymond Chandler. Hammett wrote several short stories in his deadpan, machine-gun style of writing, beginning in 1929. He published two novels, Red Harvest and The Dain Curse but the next year, he introduced Sam Spade in his novel, The Maltese Falcon. It was made into a movie three times, but the third release, starring Humphrey Bogart, made Hammett and Spade household names. What was The Maltese Falcon? In the words of Sam Spade, "The stuff that dreams are made of."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d9/TheMalteseFalcon3_sz175.jpg
Humphrey Bogart as Sam Spade, and friend.

...in 1920, the League of Nations met for the first time, when the Covenant of the League of Nations was ratified by 42 nations. President Woodrow Wilson had been an advocate of the League, but Congress refused to ratify the Covenant and it did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles, which ended WWI. Wilson had suffered a stroke and was unable to compromise with Congress. The League went on without the US, but it had no teeth. When it condemned Japan for invading China, Japan just walked away. The League was unable to prevent the Italian invasion of Ethiopia or the rearming of Germany. It was dissolved in 1946 because...

...in 1946, the first meeting of the United Nations was held in London. 51 nations comprised the UN, modeled after the League of Nations but with more enforcement mechanisms. The first order of business was to call for peaceful use of atomic energy and for nuclear disarmament. For all it has done, the UN also has its severe critics who think the UN is as ineffectual as the old League of Nations. Either way, both organizations began on this date, 26 years apart.

[I]That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 18 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1908, President Theodore Roosevelt declared the Grand Canyon a national monument.
Native Americans had lived in the area for centuries, the first Europeans to see the big hole in
the ground were members of the expedition led by Francisco Vasquez de Coronado in 1540.
Several more centuries would pass before North American settlers would explore the
canyon. One of the 19th Century tourists was Roosevelt himself, a New Yorker who was
fascinated by the Old West. Roosevelt became President after the assassination of
William McKinley, and Roosevelt, a preservationist, made conservation a priority of his
administration. There was a method to make lands into a National Park, but it required an act of
congress. Roosevelt worked around it by declaring 800,000 acres of the canyon into a
National Monument by executive decree. He said, "Let this great wonder of nature remain as it
now is. You cannot improve on it. But what you can do is keep it for your children, your children’s
children, and all who come after you, as the one great sight which every American should see."
Congress would make it into a national park in 1919, the act signed by President Woodrow Wilson.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/T501.jpg

...in 1973, in what would become a black day for purists, the American League owners at
the Winter Meetings voted to institute the Designated Hitter rule. It was nothing new, in fact,
legendary Connie Mack had proposed the rule back in 1906 and even in 1928, the National League's
President John Heydler brought it up, but nothing ever came of it. Charlie Finley, the owner
sometimes described as "colorful," brought up the DH rule again as a way of boosting offense and
boosting attendance. When approved in 1973, it was the first time the two leagues would operate
with different rules and it was the biggest rule change since 1903 when foul balls were made into
strikes. To this day, fans of both leagues argue the merits/disgrace of the DH rule.

...in 1980, the premier album, Pretenders, by the British rock band, The Pretenders, was
released. Led by American ex-patriot Chrissie Hynde, the band was formed at the tail end of the British
punk rock movement. In July 1982, The Pretenders released the single Back of the Chain Gang
with the B side song called My City Was Gone. The song is a protest song inspired by Hynde's
return to her native Akron, Ohio only to find that after the failure of the tire
industry, downtown Akron was bulldozed and rebuilt. She protests rampant expansion and
real estate development. The forgettable song is only famous today because the distinctive opening
bass and lead guitar riffs are the theme song for the Rush Limbaugh Radio Program. Hynde says she
doesn't really like that, and there was some legal wrangling over Limbaugh's use of the song in the late
1990's. Most skeptics think it was a publicity stunt for both personalities, because she does seem to
like the royalty checks from Limbaugh's EIB Radio Network that are donated to PETA. Although she has an
apartment in Akron and is part owner of a business in Akron, Hynde has lived in London for most of her adult life.

http://www.ci.akron.oh.us/Tour/Graphics/98a.jpg
Downtown Akron was bulldozed and revitalized to house
The Inventor's Hall of Fame, the Knight Center and Canal Park,
home to the Akron Aeros, AA affiliate of the Cleveland Indians.
You can see the rampant industrial development and
pollution, can't you?

...in 1970, the NFL Champion Minnesota Vikings would face off in Super Bowl IV against the
AFL Champion Kansas City Chiefs. The Chiefs had lost to the Green Bay Packers in Super Bowl II, but by
the 1969 season, the Vikings were the dominant team in the NFL. Most sports pundits still considered
the AFL to be an inferior league to the NFL, considering the New York Jets defeat of the Baltimore Colts in
Super Bowl III as "a fluke." The Chiefs laid a licking on the Vikings, 23-7, to even the AFL-NFL Championship
Game standings at 2-2. It was the first of four Super Bowl appearances by the Vikings, all of which they lost,
joining the Buffalo Bills with four Super Bowl appearances without a victory.

http://thebsreport.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/bud-grant.jpg?w=300&h=329
Bud Grant led the Vikings to a sparkling
.634 record of 151-87-5 during his tenure as
the coach of the Minnesota Vikings. He led the
team to eleven division titles, four conference
championships, one NFL Championship and
four Superbowl appearances. The team lost all
four Superbowls and has not been there since
Super Bowl XI in 1977.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 25 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1904, racer Barney Oldfield set the a speed record on the ice of frozen Lake St. Claire, north of Detroit. He was driving a stripped Ford automobile and reached a speed of 91.37 MPH. Considering that Ford Motor Company was founded in 1903, the speed was a major accomplishment. (Oldfield had been a bicycle racer when Henry Ford hired him to drive the 999. Oldfield had never driven a car before he saw the 999 in 1902) Oldfield chose the lake because it was large, flat and had nothing to hit. The exploits of the bicycle racer turned automobile daredevil added a phrase to the lexicon, "Who do you think you are, Barney Oldfield?" He would go on to set many more automobile records, and many years later, Henry Ford said to him, "Barney, I made you, and you made me." Oldfield replied, "No, Henry. 999 made us both."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/BarneyOldfieldHenryFord.jpg/250px-BarneyOldfieldHenryFord.jpg
Barney Oldfield at the controls of
the 999 race car, with Henry Ford

...in 1969, the upstart New York Jets, AFL Champions, defeated the highly favored NFL Champion Baltimore Colts in Superbowl III. Led by the flamboyant "Broadway Joe" Namath, the Jets defeated the Colts 16-7, after Namath had guaranteed a victory. After a sparkling career under Bear Bryant at Alabama, Namath was drafted by the St. Louis Cardinals of the NFL, the Jets of the AFL, and was even offered a baseball contract by the Chicago Cubs. He chose the Jets, where he was Rookie of the Year and the first pro quarterback to throw for 4,000 yards in a single season. He had a lavish penthouse in New York and a brash confidence that was loved in New York and hated elsewhere. The victory proved that the AFL was a far stronger league than the sports pundits thought, and the victory by the Chiefs over the Vikings the following year (see yesterday's update) evened the standings at two apiece.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Joe_Namath.jpg/200px-Joe_Namath.jpg
Broadway Joe in 2003

...in 1926, Vaudville actors Freeman Gosden and Charles Carrell premiered a radio program on Chicago starion WGN. Called Sam 'n' Henry, the white actors portrayed two black men from the deep south who had come to Chicago to make their fortune. Two years later, they would take their show across town to WMAQ, but could not go on the air with it, because WGN owned the rights to the characters' names. Gosden and Carrell simply changed the character names to Amos 'n' Andy and the most popular radio show in history was born. It ran for 22 years on radio and in 1951, it made the leap to television. On television, the characters were portrayed by Alvin Childress and Spencer Williams. The show was the first to feature an all black cast, the only one for 20 years. The NAACP criticized both the radio and television show for promoting racial stereotypes, and the television show collapsed under the pressure in 1953. It is almost painful to listen to tapes of the original shows today, but Amos 'n' Andy thrived in a different era and a different time.

http://www.richsamuels.com/nbcmm/graphics/aa2.jpg
Gosden and Correll originated Amos 'n' Andy
from the WMAQ studios in Chicago until 1938,
when they moved to Hollywood.

...in 1932, Ophelia Wyatt Caraway became the first woman to be elected to the US Senate. A Democrat from Arkansas, Caraway had been appointed to fulfill the term of her late husband, Thaddeus Horation Caraway after his death in 1931. The powerful senator from Louisana, the colorful Huey Long, supported her efforts to be nominated and run for the seat. She was reelected in 1938 but lost to William Fullbright in 1944. She was not the first woman to serve in the Senate, that was Rebecca Latimer Felton who was appointed in 1922 to fill a vacant seat but never ran for election. Jeanette Rankin was elected to the House in 1917, the first woman to serve in Congress.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Hattie_Caraway_1914.jpg/395px-Hattie_Caraway_1914.jpg
Hattie Ophelia Wyatt Caraway (1878 – 1950)
The first woman elected to serve in the Senate

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 39 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1128, Pope Honorisu II recognized the Knights Templar, declaring it to be God's Army. The Knights Templar were led by a French knight named Hughes de Payens after their formation in 1118. Their mission was to protect Christian pilgrims on their way to the Holy Land, during the Crusades, European military expeditions into the Holy Land aimed to force Muslims from Palestine. The name was taken from the Temple on the Mount in Jerusalem. At first, there were only nine members, as they were sworn to not own property but since Christians donated property to the Knights to support their mission, the organization became quite wealthy. After the unsuccessful Crusades came to an end, other orders and secular organizations became jealous of the Templar's great wealth. In 1307, King Philip IV of France and Pope Clement conspired to bring down the Templar, bringing charges of heresy, sacrilege and Satanism. Under duress, the Templars confessed and were burned at the stake. Clement dissolved the Templars and gave their wealth to a rival group, the Knights Hospitaliers. Actually, most of the assets were taken by Philip and King Edward II of England. The modern church has admitted the persecution of the Knights Templar was unjustified and claims Clement was forced into the move. The Knights Templar have been the source of myths and legends for centuries, including claims that they have the Ark of the Covenant, parts of the cross from Christ's crucifixion and the Holy Grail. Those legends have been the source of many stories, including The Da Vinci Code.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Templarsign.jpg

...in 1939, Anthony "Doc" Barker was shot and killed while he was trying to escape from Alcatraz. Doc Barker, along with his brothers Herman and Lloyd, the Barkers were a formidable gang in their day. They pulled off numerous bank jobs and kidnappings all over the midwest. They were able to live in relative freedom because the boys' mother Kate, the infamous Ma Barker, reportedly paid off police officials in small towns all over their territory. (There is no real evidence that Ma Barker was at all involved in any of the criminal activity that she is blamed for.) In January of 1935, FBI agents, led by Melvin Purvis, moved in and captured Doc Barker in Chicago. While searching Doc, he was found to be unarmed. "Where's your gun?" Purvis reportedly asked. "Home," Doc said, "And ain't that a place for it?" A week later, Fred and Ma were gunned down in an FBI shootout in Florida. Doc was convicted and sent to The Rock where he tried to make his escape. He had climbed over the wall and was found on the rocks with searchlights from the guard towers. He was ordered to freeze, but he continued to assemble a make-shift raft. When he waded into the cold waters of San Francisco Bay to launch his escape craft, guards shot and killed him, ending the spree of the most notorious family of the gangster era.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/collage_lb_image_page0_1_1.png
Alvin "Doc" Barker

...in 1942, Henry Ford patented a plastic-bodied automobile. According to all reports, the plastic was based on soybeans. Development of the plastic car ended with World War II, and not much else was done until decades later, as most cars are made with many plastic components these days.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/soybeancar.jpg

...in 1929, 80 year old Wyatt Earp passed away quietly in Los Angeles, nearly 50 years after the famous shootout at the O.K. Corral. Wyatt Earp was a colorful character and notorious law man that traveled the west, with a career that spanned from Peoria to Kansas to Arizona. In 1881, the Earp brothers were in competition with the Clanton-McLaury ranches for the control of Tombstone, Arizona. On October 26, 1881, the tensions resulted in a 30 second shootout in the streets of Tombstone, near the OK Corral. See Morning Update, October 26, 2008 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-october-26-2008-a-45428/) for more about the gunfight. He retired to California and tried to keep his fame alive. He was called to Hollywood where he acted as a technical advisor to many westerns, telling Tom Mix, a young John Wayne, and others, what the old west was really like. Great fame eluded him in his lifetime, but a biography, a television series in the 1950's (starring Hugh O'Brien) and several movies cemented his fame forever.

http://www.wyattearp.net/Wyattearp1.jpg
Wyatt Berry Stapp Earp 1848-1929
"No man can have a more loyal friend than Wyatt Earp, nor a more dangerous enemy." - Bat Masterson.

...in 1864, America's first professional composer passed away, in the charity ward of Bellevue Hospital in New York City. Stephan Foster was only 37. The Yankee Doodle Dandy was born in Lawrenceville, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1826, which was the 50th Anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. He started to compose as a young man, greatly influenced by minstrels. His first hit was Oh! Susanna in 1848 which he sold to a publisher for $100. (It would become the anthem for the California Gold Rush. In 1849, he was commissioned to write for a minstrel troop called the Christy Minstrels, for whom he composed The Old Folks at Home, better known by it's popular title, Swanee River. In the following decade, he wrote several more tunes that became American standards, like Camptown Races, My Old Kentucky Home, Old Dog Tray, I Dream of Jeanie With the Light Brown Hair and Beautiful Dreamer. My Old Kentucky Home is the state song of Kentucky as The Old Folks at Home is the state song of Florida. Unfortunately, copyright laws were not enforced in Foster's day and he lost out on a great deal of deserved income. He moved to New York City where he died. Foster is remembered at Bardstown, Kentucky at My Old Kentucky Home State Park, where Stephen Foster: The Musical has been performed since 1958. There is a statue of him next to the Federal Hill mansion, where he visited relatives. It was his inspiration for My Old Kentucky Home.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/StephenFoster.jpeg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7d/MOKH_Mansion.jpg/235px-MOKH_Mansion.jpg
Stephen Collins Foster (1826-1864) and the Federal Hill Mansion at My Old Kentucky Home State Park

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had PC Productivity candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1875, Albert Schweitzer was born in in Upper-Alsace, Germany, now Haut-Rhin, France. He was the son and grandson of ministers, and expected to follow in their footsteps. He entered medical school in 1905 with the goal of becoming a missionary in Africa. He was also a classically trained musician, and when he graduated from medical school in 1913, he had published two books, The Quest for the Historical Jesus and a pamphlet, The Art of Organ Building and Organ Playing in Germany and France with organ composer, Charles-Marie Widor. The two of them started a reform movement in the classical organ that rediscovered baroque principals that had been lost in the classical movement. He raised funds for his African mission by playing organ concerts. (Schweitzer made several recordings in Britain in 1934 and 1935 that have been reissued on CD.) He and his wife established a hospital near a French mission in Lambaréné on the Ogooué River, in what is now Gabon, Africa. He was watched closely during WWI, a German in a French colony. After the war, he obtained French citizenship and continued his medical mission. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1952.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-D0116-0041-019%2C_Albert_Schweitzer.jpg/225px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-D0116-0041-019%2C_Albert_Schweitzer.jpg
"The only ones among you who
will be really happy are those who will
have sought and found how to
serve." — Albert Schweitzer (1875-1865)

...in 1784, the Continental Congress ratified the Second Treaty of Paris, which officially ended the Revolutionary War. (The first Treaty of Paris ended the Seven Years' War in 1763.) The treaty reestablished the borders of the new United States and what was left of British America. It defined fishing rights, access to the Mississippi River by both sides, and respect for the materiel left behind by the British Army. It also released prisoners of war of both sides.

...in 1954, the Hudson Motor Car Company and the maker of automobiles and appliances known as Nash-Kelvinator, merged to form the American Motors Corporation.

http://www.pnwnash.org/images/50/54nash3.jpg
1954 Nash Statesman

http://www.kelvinator.com/images/kelvinatorBrand.jpg
Kelvinator, long since sold off from
American Motors and other owners, still
makes commercial refrigeration equipment.

...in 1864, Richard Felton Outcault was born in Lancaster, Ohio. The talented artist was a technical illustrator for Thomas Edison but also drew humorous sketches for the magazines Judge and Life. In 1894, he joined Joseph Pulitzer's New York World. Pulitzer experimented with color, and on the front page, he used Outcault's talent to draw a color, one frame comic called Hogan's Alley, that depicted events in a fictional slum. One character in the panel, "The Yellow Kid," gave rise to the phrase "Yellow journalism." In 1896, he defected to William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal where in 1902, he introduced a new style of comic with frames and speech balloons. It featured characters named Buster Brown and his dog, Tige. Dressed in Little Lord Fauntleroy clothes, his daily antics were immensely popular and spawned a number of consumer products, the most famous being Buster Brown shoes. Outcault is considered the father of the modern comic strip.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Yellow_kid001.gif http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Buster_Brown_valentine.jpg
The Yellow Kid, Buster Brown and Tige

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 34 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1918, Stan Laurel began working for Hal Roach studios. The English actor had performed in British music halls and Vaudeville, even being an understudy to Charlie Chaplin. In 1926, director Leo McCarey suggested that the tall, thin Laurel team up with the rotund Oliver Hardy and one of the most successful comedy teams ever started on a long career. Their on-screen chemistry was unequaled, with Laurel's delightful naivete and Hardy's frustrated arrogance being the key to their humor. Laurel would scratch his head with a look of bewilderment while Hardy would do a slow boil, eventually landing in a bucket of paint or getting a pie in the face, followed by his signature line, "Well, here's another nice mess you've gotten me into." They won an academy award in 1933 for the hysterical short, The Music Box in which two inept movers are hired to deliver a piano up a long set of stairs. Another classic came in Two Tars (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qzdDR0prof0) where Hardy's anger ends up destroying a long line of automobiles that is stuck in a traffic jam. A common foil was Edgar Kennedy, who would be best remembered by the next generation as Uncle Joe in Petticoat Junction. Hardy suffered a stroke in 1954 and Laurel vowed to never perform again, which he didn't, up to his death in 1965. (Click here to see part of The Music Box (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toy7cwIYDR0) on YouTube.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/L%26H-west-wide.jpg/450px-L%26H-west-wide.jpg
Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy in Way Out West.

...in 1919, the streets of Boston were flooded on this day. The flood killed 21 people and injured about 150 more. Why is this unusual? It was a flood of molasses. Molasses was the most commonly used sweetener at the time (corn syrup is used for that now) and was also distilled for alcohol, again, much as corn is today except the alcohol was used in the manufacture of munitions. At the Purity Distilling Company, the bolts holding the lower plates on a storage tank exploded, sending an 8 foot wave of hot molasses cascading through the streets at 35 miles per hour. It flattened a fire station and engulfed the support piers of an elevated railroad. The mess took 87,000 man hours to clean up and people claim that to this day, when it is really warm, you can still smell molasses. The following lawsuits resulted in payouts of $1,000,000.00, which would be well over $6 million today, adjusted for inflation.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/BostonMolassesDisaster.jpg/320px-BostonMolassesDisaster.jpg
The Boston Molasses Disaster of 1919

...in 1967, the first ever championship game between the champion of the upstart American Football League and the champion of the established National Football League was held at the Los Angeles Coliseum. The owner of the AFL Champion Kansas City Chiefs suggested the game be called the Super Bowl, but that name would not be assigned until 1969, when this game would be renamed Super Bowl I. Both the NFL Champion Green Bay Packers coach, Vince Lombardi and Chief's coach, Hank Stram, were under a great deal of pressure from both leagues to win the game. The players were equally nervous. The game was not a sellout, in fact, people complained about the exorbitant ticket price of $12.00 and because it was not sold out, the game was blacked out in Los Angeles. CBS had exclusive rights to broadcast NFL games and NBC had exclusive rights to broadcast AFL games, so the "Super Bowl" was simulcast. NBC was forced to use the CBS video feed because the Coliseum was the home of the Rams, an NFL team. The first touchdown to be scored in Super Bowl history was a pass from Bart Starr to veteran receiver Max McGee. The legend is that McGee, known for partying, was out late the night before because he never thought he'd play. When Boyd Dowler went down to injury, McGee, who claimed to be hung over, went in and made a spectacular one-handed catch in the end zone of Starr's pass. The Packers went on to win the game 35-10 on the strength of three second half touchdowns.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Sports/starr-i.jpg http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Sports/sbi_b.jpg
Bart Starr threw the first touchdown pass to Max McGee - Pete Rozelle presented
the trophy to Vince Lombardi, for whom the trophy eventually would be named.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 30 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1919, the 18th Amendment to the US Constitution was ratified. The amendment prohibited the "manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors for beverage purposes." Carrie Nation had taken her hatchet-wielding style of temperance national and by the end of the 19th Century, the movement had become a powerful lobbying force. Woodrow Wilson was no exception, and by 1917, the 18th Amendment was on the books and ratified in January 1919. Nine months later, Congress overrode President Wilson's veto of the Volstead Act, which created a special enforcement agency under the Treasury Department. Despite all the do-gooder actions, organized crime flourished, providing satisfaction to a market demand for alcohol. Prohibition was one of the most violent periods in American history, and it lasted until 1933 when the 21st Amendment was passed, ending prohibition. Known as "The Noble Experiment," prohibition was a dismal failure.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/4130.jpg
Philadelphia Public Safety Director Smedley Darlington Butler
smashing a barrel of confiscated beer during Prohibition, 1924

...in 1953, the Chevrolet Corvette was introduced at the New York Auto Show. The concept car generated lots of interest but when it came time to place orders, few were sold. Meanwhile, across town, the designers at Ford were working on their own two-seat "personal luxury car" that they introduced in 1954 as the Thunderbird. In 1955, Ford sold 16,155 of their two-seat Thunderbirds while Chevrolet sold 700 Corvettes. Most executives, with such a dismal performance, would cut their losses, drop the turkey and move on. Chevrolet believed in the Corvette, though, and kept production rolling. At Ford, Robert McNamara (who would later move to the Kennedy Administration where he would screw up American involvement in Viet Nam) screwed up the Thunderbird by making it bigger and heavier. Today, there is no doubt what a Corvette is but there have been 11 generations of Thunderbird with no real identity.

http://www.web-cars.com/images/vette_img/1954-corvette_scanA_a_s.jpg

...in 1945, Adolph Hitler would take to his bunker, 55 feet below the chancellery (his headquarters) where he would spend the last 105 days of his life. The bunker was a totally self-contained unit, featruing 18 rooms and its own water and electrical supply. He spent most of his time trying to manipulate the defense of Berlin, which was close to being overrun by the Russian army. Colleagues would come and go but Hitler mostly stayed underground. His constant companion, Eva Braun, remained with him along with his dog, Blondi. (You can see some of the remains of the Third Reich on a site called Third Reich Ruins (http://thirdreichruins.com/berlin2.htm), that is, if you give a rip.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-V04744%2C_Berlin%2C_Garten_der_zerstörte_Reichskan zlei.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-V04744%2C_Berlin%2C_Garten_der_zerstörte_Reichskan zlei.jpg
The rear entrance to Der Führerbunker in 1947,
before it was destroyed by the Soviet army. The
cone-shaped structure was the bomb shelter for
the guards.

...in 1979, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, the leader of Iran since 1941, fled his country in the face of religious overthrow. Fourteen days later, the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the spiritual leader of the Islamic revolution, returned after 15 years of exile and took control of Iran. The Shah had been a Cold War ally of the United States and Great Britain, and he had continually reminded his people that they were Persian and that he was actually the King of Persia, the last in a long line of such kings. There was much unrest and social upheaval in Iran, however, along with political upheaval. The Shah suffered from cancer and wanted to come to the United States for treatment. Enraged students in Teheran invaded the US Embassy where they took 52 US citizens as hostages. At that moment, President Jimmy Carter began his legacy of being the most ineffective President of the 20th Century, perhaps ever, as the crisis began. He had enraged the already angry Iranian students when he toasted the Shah in the international press after he was deposed. Years later, in his autobiography, the Ayatollah said he knew he was in a position of strength when Teheran was still standing the next morning, and that Carter would do virtually nothing. Once he realized he had Carter and the US by the short hairs, he played Carter and the US media like a violin. The Iranians held the embassy and the hostages for 444 days while Carter did little except to wring his hands, start negotiation ploys that were crushed at the last minute by the Ayatollah and launch a doomed rescue effort. He did freeze Iran's assets in the United States which appeared to have little or no effect. The hostages were released on January 20, 1981 (Inauguration Day) when Khomeneini realized there was a new sheriff in town and that Ronald Reagan was not going to be the pushover Carter was. Relations between the US and Iran remain strained to this day.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Mohammad-reza-shah.jpg
Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi (1919-1980)
The Shah accepted asylum in Egypt, offered by
President Anwar El-Sadat, where he died from
complications of non-Hodgkins Lymphoma.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 38 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1950, more than $2 million was stolen from the Brinks Armored Car depot in Boston, Massachusetts. It was the nearly perfect crime, well planned, well executed with military precision, and it kept authorities guessing until it all fell apart in 1956, just days before the statute of limitations ran out. (Someone talks. That's why conspiracies never work, because someone always talks.) The gang had staked out the depot to determine traffic patterns and when the depot would likely have the most loot available. They even stole a wiring diagram of the alarm system and returned it before anyone noticed it had been missing. Just before 7:30 on this date, the gang rolled up to the depot, let themselves in with a key they had made by stealing, and returning, a lock cylinder. Wearing full face masks, the gang surprised the Brinks crew, bound and gagged them, then proceeded to help themselves to $2.7 million in cash and negotiable securities. The gang had agreed to keep silent for six years, and to not disposed of any of the loot for that time. Just prior to the statute of limitations running out, a disgruntled gang member finally talked. All of the gang was accounted for, but about half of the money was never found. It is rumored to be in the hills of Grand Rapids, Minnesota but no one knows for sure.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/brinks-job-entrance.jpg
The Brinks Job went down at this location, now a parking garage.

...in 1949, the first of an infestation of Beetles arrived in the US from Germany. The Volkswagen, commonly referred to a a "bug" or a "beetle" was designed by Ferdinand Porsche for the German government. The Volkswagen, or "People's Car," was supposed to be a German equivalent of the Model T, cheap, reliable and solid. After the war, production increased and it began to be sold in the United States in 1949.

http://oldcarandtruckpictures.com/Volkswagen/1949VolkswagenBeetle-a.jpg
The American Infestation of German Beetles
began with this model.

...in 1961, Republican President Dwight Eisenhower made his farewell speech to America, his last as President. His remarks were prophetic, as he warned about the Military-Industrial complex, a term that he coined, and that had so much to do with the escalation of the Viet Nam war. He called for diplomacy and restraint in dealing with crises with the Soviet Union - which came to a head with the Cuban Missile Crisis (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-october-14-2010-a-64946/) in October, 1962. Dwight and Mamie Eisenhower retired to their farm in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, where their back porch overlooks the historic battlefield site.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/Eisenhower-Farm-National-Historic-S.jpg
The Eisenhower Farm, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
The historic battlefield is adjacent to the farm.

...in 1942, a plane crash took the life of 33 year old Carole Lombard. Lombard, from Fort Wayne, Indiana, had been married to Clark Gable since 1939. She was best known for starring roles in screwball comedies like My Man Godfrey. She was back in Indiana, raising money for War Bonds. Her plane went down out of Las Vegas, where it had stopped for refueling.

http://bridgehunter.com/photos/10/97/109743-M.jpg
A bridge in Fort Wayne (http://bridgehunter.com/in/allen/200262/), near her childhood home (out of site,
just beyond the bridge) has been named for her.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Carole_Lombard_in_Nothing_Sacred_2_cropped.jpg/180px-Carole_Lombard_in_Nothing_Sacred_2_cropped.jpg
Carole Lombard, circa 1937, in Nothing Sacred.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 38 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1919, the WWI peace talks began in Paris. Some of the most powerful leaders in the world were there, about to make the very most important negotiations ever made to that time. President Woodrow Wilson had been promoting a concept of "peace without victory" to make all sides just lay down arms to end the war and to make sure that Germany, the big loser in the war, would not be treated too harshly. Ironically, representatives of Germany were not allowed at the conference until May, when a draft of the Versailles Treaty was already created. The Germans had put great faith in President Wilson and were seriously disappointed with the treaty that called for huge reparations and ceding of territory. The worst of all was Article 231, the one that called for Germany to accept sole responsibility for the war. It was more than Germans could swallow. The Treaty of Versailles caused the great depression to start early in Germany. It also caused great resentment and anger in the eyes of the German people. It planted the seeds for Hitler's rise to power and the start of World War II. The treaty was signed on June 28, 1919, five years to the day that the war started.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Council_of_Four_Versailles.jpg
L to R, UK Prime Minister Lloyd George, Italian Prime Minister Orlando, French Prime Minister Clemenceau, and US President Wilson

...in 1919, Bentley Motors was founded in London, England. Bentley made upscale sports cars and luxury automobiles until it was acquired by Rolls-Royce in 1931. From then on, the Bentley was The Rolls' poor little brother but it began to gain more and more features of the Rolls until you could hardly tell them apart.

http://www.remarkablecars.com/main/bentley/bentley.jpg
If you have to ask, you can't afford it anyway.

...in 1990, the mayor of the District of Columbia, Democrat Marion Barry, was arrested on drug charges in a sting operation for possession and use of crack. In 1991, he was sentenced to six months. When he got out, he was elected to the City Council, and in 1994, he was elected mayor again. He retired in 1999, but came out and ran for the Ward 8 City Council seat and won with 96% of the vote. Unreal.

...in 1971, George McGovern began his ill-fated run at the White House. The Democrat from South Dakota thought he could capitalize on the youth of America who had been protesting the Viet Nam war and demanded an end to the hostilities. McGovern vowed to bring everyone home if elected. He won the Democrat nomination and ran up against Richard Nixon who promised "peace with honor." Both Democrats and Republicans were alarmed by McGovern's extreme views of the war and his statement that "it would take me 24 hours and one stroke of the pen to terminate all military operations in Southeast Asia." He also promised to bring everyone home within 90 days of taking office, regardless of the conditions of US POW's. To most American's, that was the same as surrender, am unthinkable action for most Americans. Nixon won by an absolute landslide - 60.7% to 37.5% of the popular vote. McGovern carried Massachusetts (no surprise there) but didn't even carry his home state of South Dakota.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/George_McGovern_bioguide.jpg/159px-George_McGovern_bioguide.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Richard_Nixon.jpg/250px-Richard_Nixon.jpg
George McGovern - Richard Nixon

...in 1983, Jim Thorpe's Olympic Medals were symbolically restored. Thorpe is generally considered to be the most versatile athlete of modern times, perhaps ever. Jacobus Franciscus "Jim" Thorpe was of mixed parentage, French, Sac and Fox and he was also given the Native American name, Wa-Tho-Huk, "Bright Path." While walking past a college track practice, on a whim, he beat the team's high jumpers at 5'9" while wearing street clothes! He played football for legendary coach, Pop Warner, and in the 1912 Olympics, he easily won the Pentathalon and Decathalon. Thorpe also had a long and successful career in the NFL, mostly with the Canton Bulldogs. His Olympic Medals were stripped after it was found that Thorpe played semi-professional baseball prior to the 1912 Olympics for which he was paid $25. Over the years, Robert Wheeler and Florence Ridlon petitioned the IOC and AAU to restore Thorpe's amateur status and return his medals. They refused all such attempts until 1982 when the AAU overturned the 1913 ruling and restored Thorpe's amateur status. In October 1982, the IOC approved Thorpe's reinstatement. On January 18, 1983, commemorative medals were presented to Thorpe's children, Gale and Bill. The original medals had been placed in museums but were stolen and to this day, no one knows where they are.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Jim_Thorpe_olympic.png/140px-Jim_Thorpe_olympic.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Jim_Thorpe_football.png/180px-Jim_Thorpe_football.png
Jim Thorpe at the 1912 Olympics and as a member of the Canton Bulldogs of the NFL

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 31 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1940, You Nazty Spy was released. The two-reeler starred the Three Stooges and beat Charlie Chaplin's The Great Dictator to theatrical release by a full year. Moe Howard played a Hitler-esque dictator, placed in charge of a country called Moronica. It was the first time Hitler had been satirized on screen. The concept for the trio was a Vaudeville act that started in 1923, billed as "Ted Healy and His Stooges." Ted Healy was a Vaudeville performer and later made a name for himself in the movies. His childhood friend, Harry Moses Horwitz, applied for a job with Healy in 1922, as Moe Howard, he started as a audience heckler. Eventually, he moved to the stage when his brother, Shemp, joined the act as a heckler with Larry Fine, a classical violinist, joining the act in 1925. Shemp did not get along with Healy and left the act. Moe's little brother, Jerry, shaved his red hair and joined the act as Curly. In 1931, they broke from Healy and started making films, creating over 190 shorts for Columbia. You Nazty Spy was Moe's favorite, one of several in which he played a Hitler character. In Back From the Front, the boys are lost at sea and rescued by the S.S. Schicklgruber. (With the release of You Nazty Spy, the official Three Stooges theme song changed to Three Blind Mice. All episodes previous to this one used a version of Listen to the Mockingbird.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c7/Naztyspy_lobby.jpeg/300px-Naztyspy_lobby.jpeg

...in 1870, the Democrat Party was represented in a Thomas Nast cartoon as a donkey The cartoon appeared in Harper's Weekly, as most Nast cartoons did, and it depicted a jackass kicking a dead lion. Since the jackass represented Democrat interests, it soon became the symbol for the Democrat party. (Nast drew a similar cartoon depicting an elephant representing Republican interests for Harper's. That cartoon appeared in Harper's Weekly in the November 7, 1874 issue, as described in the Daily Update for November 7 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-november-7-2010-a-65454/).)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Democraticjackass.jpg/553px-Democraticjackass.jpg

...in 1955, the New York Motorama was the first display of the Cadillac Park Avenue, a concept car that featured a four door hardtop design (no "B" pillar, that is, no center pillar) and a return to dual headlights. The massive tail fins were taken directly from the 1951 LeSabre concept. The car would eventually reach production as the Eldorado Brougham, an example of Detroit extravagance in the late 1950's.

http://wiki.gmnext.com/wiki/uploads/0/0c/D-U1954-0005.jpg
The Cadillac Park Avenue Concept Car

...in 1955, President Dwight Eisenhower presented the first televised press conference from the Indian Treaty Room at White House. The feed was recorded by NBC and shared with the CBS, ABC and DuMont networks.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/th_Indian_TreatyEisenhower.jpg (http://smg.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/?action=view&current=Indian_TreatyEisenhower.jpg)
President Dwight Eisenhower presides
over the first televised White House
press conference.
(Click to see a larger print.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 30 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1937, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt was inaugurated to his second of four terms in Washington, D.C. He was the first President to be inaugurated on January 20, a date specified by the 20th Amendment to the Constitution. Prior to that, inaugurations were held in March (except George Washington, who was inaugurated in April 30, 1789.) The March date was to allow plenty of time to count ballots and allow travel time to Washington, not to mention, an attempt to avoid bad weather. William Henry Harrison gave the longest inauguration speech of 8,445 words in 1841, it had even been shortened by Daniel Webster. He caught pneumonia as a result of not wearing an overcoat and talking for over two hours in the cold, rainy weather. Harrison died on April 4, the first President to die in office, making John Tyler the President. Harrison not only gave the longest inauguration speech, he served the shortest term in office.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/FDR_Inauguration_1933.jpg/220px-FDR_Inauguration_1933.jpg
In 1933, FDR (right) rode to his
inauguration with outgoing
President Herbert Hoover.

...in 1980, President Jimmy Carter wrote a letter to the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) to propose that the 1980 Summer Olympics be moved from Moscow, the host city, if the Soviet Union did not remove troops from Afghanistan within 30 days. "It’s very important for the world to realize how serious a threat the Soviets’ invasion of Afghanistan is," Carter wrote, and threatened that the US would boycott the Olympics. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) replied by saying a move was impossible and as promised, the USOC voted to boycott the events. The boycott devastated the hopes of American athletes, especially when Carter promised to revoke the passports of any athlete who went on their own. Lord Killanin of the IOC said the boycott was an American violation of the Olympic charter, and that the only way the games could be taken from Moscow was if the Soviets breached the contract first. The United States was one of 60 countries to boycott the Olympics, however, many countries turned a blind eye to their citizen-athletes individual participation. As you might expect, the Soviet athletes dominated the games. Four years later, the Soviets returned the favor by boycotting the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles, citing a fear for their athlete's safety in a clearly anti-communist environment. (The "anti-communist environment" didn't stop the Chinese, who attended their first games in 32 years.) The entire boycott issue was an embarrassment, it changed nothing and served to disappoint a generation of athletes. It remains a black mark on the legacy of President Carter.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-W0801-0120%2C_Moskau%2C_XXII._Olympiade%2C_Marathon%2C_C ierpinski%2C_Chun_Son_Kon%2C.jpg/425px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-W0801-0120%2C_Moskau%2C_XXII._Olympiade%2C_Marathon%2C_C ierpinski%2C_Chun_Son_Kon%2C.jpg
The Olympics went on, despite the missing
Americans. NBC lost a fortune with nothing to
cover, a generation of athletes was lost, the
US proved nothing and the boycott only served
to embarrass the United States.

...in 1981, the Iranian Hostage Crisis came to an end, with the hostages being released within five minutes of the inauguration of Ronald Reagan. The timing of the release brought charges from some that President-Elect Reagan had sent a secret team of negotiators to Teheran to secure the release of the hostages on Reagan's watch and not President Jimmy Carter's. No proof of the allegations has ever been found, and it is more likely that the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini feared the new President as a cowboy and an unknown commodity. For more about how the crisis began, see the Morning Update, January 16, 2009 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-january-16-2009-a-48433/).

...in 1981, Ronald Reagan became the 40th President of the United States. The Illinois native moved to California in the 1930's. (Reagan's boyhood home, in Dixon, Illinois, has been restored and is open for tours.) He always considered himself a western spirit. Reagan had some success as an actor, including the part of George Gipp in Knute Rockne, All American where he uttered the immortal line, "Win one for the Gipper." (The line was voted #89 in the AFI's list of Top 100 movie quotes.) He usually played good guys, in both movies and in the new medium of television in the 1950's. Reagan started out as a New Deal Democrat but by the 1950's, he had become disillusioned and became a staunch conservative. He was elected president of the Screen Actors Guild for 1947-1952 and again in 1959-60. From there, he was elected Governor of California for two terms from 1967-75 where he developed a national awareness that helped him to the Presidency in 1980. To the annoyance of his opponents, he lowered taxes and turned a weak economy into a roaring economy. After a long bout with Alzheimer's, Ronald Reagan passed away on June 5, 2004.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981.jpg/250px-Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981.jpg
Ronald Reagan (1911-2004)
40th President of the United States

...in 1989, George H.W. Bush was inaugurated as President. Ronald Reagan became the first President since 1840 to be elected in a year ending in zero and survive his term. Presidents William Henry Harrison (1840) Abraham Lincoln (1860) James Garfield (1880) William McKinley (1900) Warren G. Harding (1920) Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1940) and John F Kennedy (1960) did not live out their terms. Harrison died of pneumonia, Harding died of a heart attack and FDR died of a cerebral hemorrhage. The other four died at the hand of an assassin.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/George_H._W._Bush%2C_President_of_the_United_State s%2C_1989_official_portrait.jpg/255px-George_H._W._Bush%2C_President_of_the_United_State s%2C_1989_official_portrait.jpg
George Herbert Walker Bush (1924- )
41st President of the United States

...in 2009, George W. Bush became the second President (Ronald Reagan was the first) elected in a zero year, since 1840, to leave the office of President alive. Barack Hussein Obama became the first African-American President.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Official_portrait_of_Barack_Obama.jpg/250px-Official_portrait_of_Barack_Obama.jpg
Barack Hussein Obama (1961 - )
44th President of the United States

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 18 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1977, in his first day in office, President Jimmy Carter fulfilled one campaign promise when he granted an unconditional pardon to American draft-dodgers who moved abroad to avoid being called to duty. It is believed that 100,000 Americans went overseas, 90% of them went to Canada. Even after the pardon, many remained there, estimated to be 50,000, pushing Canada's government decidedly to the left. The pardon was controversial at the time, coming under fire from veteran's groups for happening at all, and from amnesty groups claiming it didn't go far enough. Carter's pardon remains controversial today, and the term "draft-dodger" is still used derisively but doesn't carry the weight it did forty years ago.

...in 1789, the first novel to be published in the United States, written by an American, was printed in Boston on this date. The first edition of The Power of Sympathy or the Triumph of Nature Founded in Truth did not carry the author's name. Later printings credited the novel to Sarah Wentworth Apthorp Morton. Sounds like a non de plume, doesn't it? Historic scholars think so, too, and believe the work was that of William Hill Brown. The novel chronicled the incestuous seduction and suicide of a member of Morton's family.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/The_Power_of_Sympathy.jpg/180px-The_Power_of_Sympathy.jpg
The first printing of Triumph of Nature did
not carry an author's name.

...in 1959, Carl Dean Switzer died of complications from a gunshot wound, received during a brawl. The death was ruled a justifiable homicide. Switzer was better known as "Alfalfa," from the old Hal Roach Our Gang shorts. His career in films did not progress well after the series ended because he was forever typecast as the off-key singer with the strange cowlick. He had a small part in It's A Wonderful Life. He also made a cameo in the Crosby-Kaye feature White Christmas as the brother of the Haynes sisters (Rosemary Clooney and Vera Ellen) but he appeared only as a photograph. He also had a reputation of being difficult to work with and had a record of pulling cruel practical jokes on the set.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Ogfolliesof38.jpg/200px-Ogfolliesof38.jpg
The Our Gang 1938 short,
Follies of 1938 with
Spanky McFarland, Darla Hood and
Alfalfa Switzer. He had an uncredited
part in It's A Wonderful Life as the
miscreant who opened the dance floor,
dumping James Stuart and Donna Reed
into the swimming pool.

...in 1863, Adam Opel opened a factory in Rüsselheim, Germany to make household products, most notably sewing machines and bicycles. Adam died in 1895, but his five sons continued the business. In 1898, they acquired the rights to build an automobile and in 1902 they built Opel bodies on a French chassis. By 1906, they were building complete automobiles of their own design. The Opel family was one of the first in Europe to adopt the moving assembly line and by 1913, was the largest car maker in Germany. In 1929, General Motors bought 80% of the operation and the other 20% in 1931.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Opel_GT%2C_Bj._1973_am_16.07.2006.jpg/250px-Opel_GT%2C_Bj._1973_am_16.07.2006.jpg
The most famous Opel of all, the Opel GT.

...in 1954, General Motors unveiled the turbine powered, Firebird XP-21 concept car. Using the novelty of the jet age, the car has wings, a tail stabilizer and even the name came from the series of Air Force experimental craft. The fighter-like car was never intended for production but only for the test track. Chrysler Corporation would also experiment with turbine powered automobiles, and even had a prototype built that could easily be put into production. They never made production, though, turbines do not lend themselves to land-based vehicles because they don't like changes in RPMs, a necessary trait for cars. Incidentally, the first test driver got it up to about 100 mph and stopped because he was afraid of losing control. It was also driven at Indianapolis but it never reached its potential.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/54-Firebird-I_DV-08_PBC_01-2-1.jpg
Firebird XP-21

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 43 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1968, Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In went on the air as the replacement for NBC's fading The Man From U.N.C.L.E. The irreverent, rapid-fire satirical program was an instant hit and ran for five years at a time when America needed the laughs. The fast paced blend of skits, jokes, inserted one-liners and sight gags launched careers for about 40 wacky comics like Goldie Hawn, Lily Tomlin, Eileen Brennan, Artie Johnson, Ruth Buzzi, Gary Owens, Jo Anne Worley, Alan Sues, Dave Madden, Pigmeat Markham and many more.

Everybody who was anybody in Hollywood wanted to do a guest shot, and regular performers included Johnny Carson, Flip Wilson, Peter Lawford, Tiny Tim, Zsa Zsa Gabor and even John Wayne. Arte Johnson created many memorable characters, including Wolfgang, a German soldier (still fighting WWII) observing the show from behind a potted palm, and Tyrone F. Horneigh (pronounced "hor-NEIGH" in deference to the censors) who was always chasing Ruth Buzzi's Gladys Ormphby. Tyrone would sit next to Ormphby on a park bench and make advances and Gladys would respond by hitting him with a purse. "You want to call me handsome?" [WHACK!] "You want to call me charming?" [WHACK!] "You want to call me an ambulance?" [Falls off park bench] or an exchange like, "Do you believe in the hereafter?" "Of course I do!" "Good! You know what I'm here after!" [WHACK!]

The show added many a catchphrase to the lexicon, like "the flying fickle finger of fate," and many of the phrases are still with us today. Arte Johnson's Nazi character, Wolfgang, spying on Americans from a potted plant would say, "Verrrrrrry EEEEeeeen-ter-es-ting!" with emphasis on the rolling R sound. "I didn't know that!" which was Martin's oft reply to Rowan, along with, "Easy for you to say!" or "Ohhh, I'll drink to that!" Other catchphrases injected into the script here and there were "Look that up in your Funk & Wagnall's" "Sock it to me," "Go to your room," "Beautiful, downtown Burbank," "One ringy-dingy, two ringy-dingies...is this the person to who I am speaking?" "Now, that's a no-no," "Blow in my ear and I'll follow you anywhere," "You bet your sweet bippy," and "Here come de' judge!" stolen from comic Pigmeat Markham but popularized by Sammy Davis, Jr. ("Here come de' judge" was also the inspiration for a Pontiac GTO muscle car called "The Judge" with special graphics and paint work.)

There were several recurring gags, including the Farkle Family and another was "If [so-and-so] married [so-and-so] then divorced him and married [so-and-so] she'd be..." some long, drawn out, gag. Like, "If Rosemary Clooney married Regis Toomey, divorced him and married Mickey Rooney, divorced him and married Paul Muni, divorced him and re-married Regis Toomey, she'd be Rosemary Clooney Toomey Rooney Muni Toomey!" Another ongoing gag were films of cast members, in yellow slickers, riding a far-too small tricycle and falling over. It was accompanied by a six-note phrase that went "Do-doo-do-doo-do-doot - WHACK!" as the trike fell over. The same notes were used to cover up off-color punchlines or as a set-up to a particularly bad pun. (Spike Jones used the GGGDEC phrase in his show, years before.)

Laugh-In always wrapped up with the credits running over the joke wall (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZ8Vrvy0VeE), where the company would open doors and stick their heads out to drop a one liner, issue a comeback or get a bucket of water thrown on them. The last slide was accompanied by one person (producer George Schlatter) clapping.

Laugh-In has been often imitated but the magic was never equaled.

Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In Montage (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8WIWq3qikXo).
Ernestine ("One ringy-dingy...") gossips with Cher (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uINRNwq_TXQ&feature=related
)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/MV5BMTQ2MjM3MDc2MF5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTc.jpg

...in 1950, The trial of Preston Tucker came to an end with Tucker being exonerated of all 31 charges of fraud that had been leveled against him. Tucker was a successful manufacturer who designed an extraodinary automobile after the war. It featured a rear-mounted aluminum engine, a third headlight that rotated to follow the front wheels, padded dash, and more safety features that Detroit's "Big 3" automakers ignored. He acquired a war surplus building in Chicago for his factory, at the time, the largest area under one roof in the world. The factory built 37 cars before it was shut down because of 31 federal charges of mail and stock fraud leveled against him. While he was fighting the charges, the factory closed. In the mean time, his supporters used parts to build more cars, four were wrecked and 47 are known to exist. Some speculate that Tucker was brought down by the Big 3, but that is an urban myth. The 1948 Tucker uses parts from Ford, General Motors and Kaiser and the theory is that the Big 3 wanted him to survive, banking on the company eventually failing so they could buy the remains at pennies on the dollar and get the big factory building. No one knows for sure.

Personal note: A few years ago, I met the man who was Tucker's accountant. He asked if I saw the Jeff Bridges film, Tucker to which I said, "Yes." He shrugged and said, "Some of it was true." We talked about the cars that were built by the factory and others that were assembled from parts after the factory closed. We also discussed a controversial 52nd car, a 1949 factory prototype.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Trucker_Car.jpg/300px-Trucker_Car.jpg
A 1948 Tucker Torpedo at the Blackhawk Auto Museum

...in 1973, the Supreme Court handed down a decision in the case titled Roe v. Wade that made abortion a legal procedure in the United States. While the issue of abortion being legal or illegal was hotly contested for decades, but since the Roe v. Wade decision, it has become a polarizing issue. It is often incorrectly boiled down to be a Republican vs. Democrat issue when, in fact, it is a deeply personal issue. The fight over criminalization of the procedure has become very fierce with nastiness on both sides of the issue. (Note: This post only commemorates the court decision. This is NOT the correct forum for debate of this issue so please, do not post your opinions here.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 41 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1957, injection mold machines at the Wham-O company began to produce one of the all-time most popular toys - an aerodynamic plastic hub cap, called the Frisbee. The original flying disk came from Bridgeport, Connecticut where the William Frisbie Pie Company was popular with university students who would toss the empty pie tins and yell, "FRISBIE!" when doing so. Walter Frederick Morrison was an inventor and son of an inventor (his father invented the sealed-beam headlight.) Morrison patented a plastic flying dish, modeled after the Frisbie Pie plate. He called it the Pluto Platter in an attempt to cash in on America's UFO craze. Morrison sold it to Rich Knerr and Spud Melin, who had founded the Wham-O Company in 1948 to sell a sling-shot used to launch meat to predator birds. (The name came from their description of the sound made by game birds when they hit the flying meat chunks.) Wham-O was also the company behind the Hula-Hoop, Superball, Slip-n-Slide and many other favorites you might have had as a kid.

http://z.about.com/d/inventors/1/0/P/5/frisbee1.jpg
The inspiration for the Frisbee
was a pie tin. Frisbie's name was
misspelled by Wham-O.

...in 1968, the USN intelligence vessel, the USS Pueblo was fired upon and captured by North Korean forces. The Pueblo was outside the 16 mile limit in international waters, but the North Koreans claimed the ship was in their territorial waters. The 83 man crew was blindfolded, bound and frog-marched to Pyongyang where they were indicted for spying. There was the usual beatings and coercions, the North Koreans even broadcast a video back to the United States with members of the Pueblo's crew stating confessions, while inserting sarcasm and gesturing with their middle fingers, which the North Koreans didn't understand. (When they did figure it out, the beatings began in earnest.) Eventually, the American and North Korean governments settled their differences and the crew members were released, eactly 11 months later. In April of 1969, a North Korean MiG shot down a navy intelligence plane, killing all 31 crew members.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2).jpg/300px-USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2).jpg
The USS Pueblo in 1967. The ship is extant, it is
still held by North Korea that uses it as a floating museum.
The Pueblo is still officially a commissioned navy vessel.

...in 1912, the Aermore Manufacturing Company in Chicago received a patent for the Aermore Exhaust Horn. It was a four note whistle that played a well tuned chord, and it was very, very loud. The way it works: a valve is mounted between the exhaust manifold and the exhaust pipe. The valve has a butterfly that allows exhaust to flow normally until it's closed. Exhaust is deflected through the whistle, sounding the horn, much the way a diesel horn or steamboat whistle works.

http://users.erols.com/b-dwheeler/aermore2.jpg
The Aermore Exhaust Horn

...in 1849, Geneva College in New York graduated a doctor named Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman to be recognized as a physician in the United States. She was born in England but came to the US as a girl. With her sister, Emily (also a physician) she opened the New York Infirmary for Women and Children. She returned to England where she became a professor of gynecology, a discipline she helped establish.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Elizabeth_Blackwell.jpg/225px-Elizabeth_Blackwell.jpg
Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell
(1821-1910)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 13 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1860, Etienne Lenoir converted a steam engine to run on coal gas with an electric spark, the first internal combustion engine. Most of his engines were used in stationary applications, such as pumps, but in 1862, he built a crude, self-powered vehicle, the first automobile.

...in 1924, Henry Ford was looking for a suitable location to harvest wood for car bodies. His cousin was married to a man named Edward G. Kingsford who lived in Michigan, close to Iron Mountain and the Wisconsin state line. Kingsford arranged for Henry to purchase upwards of 400,000 acres of forest land in the UP. Ford founded the of village Kingsford, then Ford Motor Company built a sawmill and a parts facility near the sleepy town. Henry planned the community and built homes for the mill hands and their families. A chemical plant was also built, as Henry Ford wrung every last cent out of resource, as sawdust and other byproducts were used to create even more products. The most famous by-product was Ford Charcoal Briquettes. In 1951, with the end of wood being used in car bodies, Ford closed the sawmill and sold the chemical plant to local investors. They continued to sell charcoal but under the name of Kingsford, still a household name during bar-b-que season. (The Kingsford plant was closed in 1961 and was relocated to Louisville, Kentucky.) The local high school team name is the Flivvers, in honor of the Model T Ford. Local landmarks also bear the Ford name, including the airport, a dam, a park and the hospital.

http://www.kingsford.org/khsweb/images/header.gifhttp://www.kingsford.org/khsweb/images/Flivver-animation.gif

http://fordcenter.mtu.edu/museum/picture1%5B1%5D.jpg
The Henry Ford planned community
including a sawmill, powerhouse and homes
built for the mill hands. Today it is part of
Michigan Tech University.

...in 1848, James Marshall discovered gold near the bank of Sutter's Creek in northern California. The find would forever alter the history of California and the United States. John Augustus Sutter had come to Mexican California in 1839 to build a utopian community. He induced indigents to do most of his work, treating them as little more than slaves. He hired Marshall to build a sawmill. Marshall redirected the creek to power the mill, and flashes in the sunlight led him to investigate. He showed the gold to Sutter, who in turn, had an assayer confirm that it was, indeed, gold. Sutter tried to gather up all he could and wished to keep his find quiet, but within weeks, the gold rush was on. Prospectors overran Sutter's land, killed his livestock for food and trampled his crops. He died nearly broke, despite being the man who inadvertently started the gold rush that would forever bear his name.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Sutters_Mill.jpg
Sutter's Mill in 1850. That's James Marshall in the foreground, the guy who started it all.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 21 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1776, the Continental Congress authorized the first national memorial, for Brigadier General Richard Montgomery. Montgomery, along with Benedict Arnold, led an assault on Quebec on December 31, 1775 where Montgomery was killed in action, the first American general to die in battle. The monument was commissioned to Benjamin Franklin, who hired French sculptor, Jean Jaques Caffieri to design the monument. Caffieri was the personal sculptor to King Louis XV. The monument arrived in 1778, and stayed in North Carolina until it was placed in the portico of St. Paul's Chapel in New York. Montgomery's body was disinterred from Quebec and moved to the St. Paul's in 1818.

http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1331/544976785_7f7af8678c.jpg?v=]

...in 1926, Central Casting Corporation opened in Hollywood, providing extras for films. In 1929, there were over 17,000 extras listed with the service. The corporation was a joint venture between the studios and remained so, until it was acquired by private owners in 1976. So now you know who the exec was talking about when he said, "Call Central Casting."

...in 1924, the first Winter Olympics opened in the French Alps at Chamonix. There were 14 events, including a ski jump, bobsled, downhill, curling, figure skating, hockey, speed skating and cross country skiing. Eleven year old Sonja Henie participated in figure skating, placing dead last, but was very popular with the crowd. The modern Olympics began in 1896 and there were winter games held in Sweden, but only the Scandinavians participated. The International Olympic Committee proposed Winter Games in 1911, but Sweden did not want to risk messing up their Nordic games. Because of World War I, the Winter Olympics were put on hold until 1925 when the games were officially created. Retroactively, the IOC made Chamonix the first Winter Olympiad.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d0/1924w.jpg

...in 1960, the Payola scandal broke when the National Association of Broadcasters proposed that disc jockies, who accepted bribes from record labels to give certain records more airtime, would be fined and also sent to prison for one year. Disc jockey Alan Freed (he coined the term "rock 'n' roll") was arrested with seven others on suspicion of commercial bribery. Freed worked out a deal with prosecutors and only paid a fine. When television took over entertainment shows that had formerly been on radio, the vacuum was quickly filled by stations playing records. It didn't take long for Top 40 to became the favorite format. Many DJ's considered cash from labels the same as a tip for a head waiter to get a table. ASCAP and NAB thought otherwise, especially when it became evident that some DJ's wouldn't play a record at all without a bribe. Congress amended the Communications Act of 1934 to outlaw the practice of Payola.

...in 1995, the Russian early-warning radar system detected a missile launch near Norway. Russian military command determined that the missile could be only minutes away from Moscow. Immediately, Boris Yeltsin, the Minister of Defense and the chief of staff was informed. The Russian nuclear command immediately switched to combat mode and nuclear systems were activated for the first time in Russian history. Five minutes after the launch was detected, it was determined that an impact solution was outside the Russian borders. After three more minutes, it was determined that the missile was not part of a surprise Western submarine attack. This conclusion was reached just minutes before a decision that would have launched a full retaliatory strike. It turns out that Norway launched a missile carrying scientific instrumentation. Norway had notified 35 countries, including Russia, the exact details of the launch. Russia's defense ministry had received the notification but neglected to pass the information along - and the world came just that close to total nuclear annihilation.

...in 1890, Nellie Bly, a journalist from the New York World, arrived after circumnavigating the globe, following the route of Phileas Fogg in Jules Vernes' Around The World in 80 Days. She beat Fogg's time by eight days and set a new world record by completing the 24,899 mile journey in seventy-two days, six hours, eleven minutes and fourteen seconds. (Her time would be beaten just a few moths later.) In 1894, she married a millionaire industrialist named Robert Seaman, 42 years her senior. She retired from journalism and became president of Iron Clad Manufacturing, making steel containers like milk cans and boilers. In 1904, she invented and patented a 55 gallon steel drum, still in wide use in the United States. Her company went bankrupt, however, and she went back into reporting to cover World War I and women's suffrage. Nellie Bly died in 1922 at the age of 57. Even with all her accomplishments, she is most widely remembered for beating Phileas Fogg at his own game.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Nelliebly.jpg/200px-Nelliebly.jpg
Nellie Bly, wearing her traveling
clothes, during her 1889-1890 trip.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 41 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1934, Samuel Goldwyn of MGM purchased the film rights to the great American fairytale, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz from the estate of L. Frank Baum. The book was published in 1900, L. Fran Baum died in 1919 and another author had continued the series. Goldwyn had envisioned Shirley Temple in the part of Dorothy, and even though Judy Garland won the part on the strength of her singing voice, original scenes were shot of Garland in a blonde wig. Thankfully, a different director took over and restored Dorothy to Garland's natural beauty. The movie ran into lots of problems, not the least of which was Buddy Ebsen being replaced in his role as The Tin Man because of his reaction to the aluminum makeup required by the part. The aluminum powder got into his lungs and almost killed him. The movie varies from Baum's original story (the silver shoes were changed to ruby because of Technicolor and Dorothy is a much stronger character in the book) but even after dropping several subplots, the movie mostly follows the story line. The film premiered in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin on August 12, 1939, it is ranked #6 on the AFI Top 100 Films list and the Wicked Witch of the West is #4 on the list of AFI's Top 100 Villains. Baum's story, and the movie, inspired Gregory McGuire's popular novel Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West which was made into the immensely popular Broadway musical, Wicked (http://www.wickedthemusical.com/).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e0/MargaretHamiltoninTheWizardOfOz.jpg
Margaret Hamilton, who loved children, spent
the rest of her life trying to explain that she only
played a character in a movie and was not really
the wicked person who scared them.

...in 1920, Henry Leyland incorporated the Lincoln Motor Car Company. Just two years later, the foundering company would be acquired by Ford Motor Company in a twist of irony. In 1903, Henry Leyland fired Henry Ford from the failing Henry Ford Company and changed the brand to Cadillac. In 1922, Henry Ford returned the favor, firing Henry Leyland from Lincoln. Under Edsel Ford's guidance, the Fords turned Lincoln into one of the premier luxury automobile builders in the world.

http://i210.photobucket.com/albums/bb315/chefann1138/Cars/66conv2.jpg
Lincolns remain gorgeous automobiles. You might recognize this lovely
1966 Lincoln as one of The Cars of Chef Success (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/cars-chef-success-30262/).

...in 1788, Captain Arthur Phillip landed his fleet of 11 ships in what would someday become Sydney Harbor, founding the colony of New South Wales. Eventually, the land that started as a penal colony would be named Australia. Phillip's fleet had about 1000 men aboard, 700 of whom were convicts. England had more prisoners than prisons, so these convicts were repatriated to New South Wales. It took until about the turn of the 19th Century to make the colony prosperous, and in 1808. the colonists began to celebrate First Landing Day. Today, "Australia Day" is a day of celebration for the founding of the colony while it is a day of mourning, called "Invasion Day" by the Aborigines who lost their native land to the colonists.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Lotto_Skyworks_Applecross.jpg/180px-Lotto_Skyworks_Applecross.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Australiadayprotest.jpg/180px-Australiadayprotest.jpg
Australians call it Australia Day, Aborigines call it Invasion Day

...in 1961, President John F. Kennedy appointed Dr. Janet Travell as his personal physician. She was the first woman to hold the post. Dr. Travell had been treating Kennedy for a long time, helping him to manage the severe pain that he was always in, and to help him mask it so that on one knew. One of her recommendations was for him to use a rocking chair. When photos were released of the President rocking in the Oval Office, sale of rocking chairs skyrocketed.

http://www.gwu.edu/gelman/archives/exhibits/travell/online/portrait.jpg
"Life is like a bicycle -
you don't fall off until
you stop pedaling...It
is better to wear out
than to rust out, so
keep pedaling."
--Dr. Janet Travell

And when it comes to powerful women in politics...

...in 2005, President George W. Bush appointed Dr. Condoleezza Rice to be Secretary of State, the highest ranking African-American woman ever in a Presidential cabinet. She took over from Colin Powell, the first African-American to serve as the Secretary of State. In addition to being an accomplished concert pianist, Dr. Rice is an expert in Soviet affairs and worked in the Reagan and Bush 41 administrations in state affairs. She was also a professor at Standford University and is currently affiliated with the William Morris Agency.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Condoleezza_Rice_cropped.jpg/225px-Condoleezza_Rice_cropped.jpg
Dr. Condoleezza Rice

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

If you are hovering over the title to decide whether or not to open this thread, please open and read it. This is International Holocaust Remembrance Day. That said, there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 32 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

January 27 is International Holocaust Remembrance Day, as designated by the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 60/7 on 1st November 2005.

On this date in History...

...in 1945, Soviet troops reached and liberated the most notorious of the Nazi concentration camps, Auschwitz-Birkenau. The largest of the Nazi camps, it was comprised of three separate operations, one designed for the systematic murder of Nazi "undesirables." Rudolph Hess testified at the Nuremberg Trials that up to 3 million people died at Auschwitz, although the figures are difficult to verify as the Nazis destroyed many records as the Red Army approached. It is believed that 90% of the victims of the systemic murder were Jews. Most victims died in gas chambers from Zyklon B gas, but others died from forced starvation, forced labor, disease, executions and "medical" experimentation. Today the complex has been made into a museum and a memorial to those who died, to keep the memory alive, and to ensure this will never happen again.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Birkenau_gate.JPG/300px-Birkenau_gate.JPG
The Main Gate of Auschwitz, ca. 2006

...in 1943, an actor was assigned to the Army's First Motion Picture Unit. After his assignment with the Army Air Corps, he would go on to some fame in movies and television, then later to some political success. His name? First Lieutenant Ronald Reagan. He was the narrator of a film called Air Force that would win an Oscar for best short subject. Reagan would narrate or star in three more movies for the Army, and he also starred as Johnny Jones in This is the Army that also featured Irving Berlin singing his own song, Oh, How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71smG5d29to).

...in 1967, a fire in command module CM-012, later known as Apollo I, killed astronauts Virgil "Gus" Grissom, Edward H. White II, and Roger B. Chafee. The astronauts were simulating the launch of AS-204 (Apollo-Saturn) in the capsule atop of a Saturn 1B rocket on Launch Complex 34, Cape Canaveral, which was then known as Cape Kennedy. The three astronauts were the first to perish in an American space vehicle. While failure analysis has never really found a cause of the fire, it is believed that a faulty wire ignited the pure oxygen atmosphere inside the capsule. Project Apollo was the third step in achieving President John Kennedy's goal of successfully landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to earth by the end of the 1960s. Project Mercury was the first step, used to achieve solo manned space flight and orbiting skill. Project Gemini, with two crewmen in each capsule, was the next step in order to practice docking in orbit. Project Apollo put three men into a capsule to ultimately fly to the moon, land, and return to earth. While the tragedy of Apollo I set the space program back, it demonstrated the need to redesign the Apollo Command Module to increase safety and to modify procedures. On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first man to set foot on the moon.

Memorials: Three schools in Huntsville, Alabama are named for the three astronauts, Virgil I. Grissom High School, Ed White Middle School, and Roger B. Chaffee Elementary. Launch Complex 34 was later used for Apollo 7, but then dismantled and has never been used again. The concrete launch platform exists with a memorial that reads, "In memory of those who made the ultimate sacrifice so others could reach for the stars; Ad astra per aspera (a rough road leads to the stars); God speed to the crew of Apollo 1". The site is a stop on a special tour for those who wish to visit the older launch sites on the cape. Grissom Joint Air Reserve Base is located near Peru, Indiana.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Apollo1-Crew_01.jpg/200px-Apollo1-Crew_01.jpg
Grissom, White and Chaffee

...in 1943, the 8th Army Air Force penetrated German air space for the first time in WWII to make a daring daylight bombing raid on German U-Boat construction yards in Wilhelmshafen. Regular bombing missions began on August 17, 1942 by American planes based in Great Britain, the first against the rail yards in Touen-Sotteville. Most runs were against German operations in the Netherlands, Belgium and France, including air bases and submarine pens along the coast of France. The Army Air Force was short of aircraft and short of trained crews but by the end of 1942, that was changing. Ford Motor Company was building B-24s on an assembly line at Willow Run, Michigan (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-november-28-2010-a-65829/). General "Hap" Arnold also asked for reconfiguration of the B-17 Flying Fortress to include more machine guns in the front of the aircraft to battle the Luftwaffe interceptors. With more firepower, General Arnold also devised a different formation that allowed better defense against the German fighters. On January 27, 1943, ninety one B-17s and B-24s flew into Germany. Due to weather conditions, only 53 bombers actually dropped bombs on the target, but the mission demonstrated that the AAF was determined to attack Germany directly and to strike vital manufacturing operations.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/57/B-17-231503-bassingborne.jpg/180px-B-17-231503-bassingborne.jpg
The B-17 Flying Fortress
had a well-deserved reputation
for staying in the air even
after taking heavy damage.

...in 1976, a spin-off of the popular Happy Days franchise premiered. Laverne and Shirley featured two women who worked in the Schotz Brewery in Milwaukee, a thinly veiled reference to the Schlitz brewery. The show's producer was Gary Marshall and starred his sister, Penny Marshall, along with Cindy Williams. The show jumped the shark when the location was moved to California. Shortly after the move, Williams left the cast. The show was immensely popular and while it remains popular in reruns, many Milwaukee residents aren't so fond of the way the sitcom portrayed the city. There are no brownstones in Milwaukee and one of the primary characters speaks with a clearly east coast accent, along with some rather demeaning stereotypes of beer, breweries and bowling. (Historical trivia: Gerhard Schott opened a brewery in 1855 in Highland, Illinois, the Schott Brewing Company. It closed in 1949.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ae/Laverne_%26_Shirley.png
The show was immensely popular and
was number 1 in the ratings, even passing
Happy Days before the network began to
tinker with the format. It ran for 7-1/2 seasons.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

So you didn't open yesterday's update? Well, you missed it, but maybe there's something in here today that you'll find more interesting? There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 39 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1986, the Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrated 73 seconds after launch, right after a scheduled power-up. All seven members of the crew perished. The failure, at launch, of an o-ring seal in the starboard solid rocket booster caused a breach that allowed a plume of hot gas to escape, impacting the booster's mounting hardware, which caused a structural failure in an external fuel tank. The tank's failure caused dumping of the entire load of liquid hydrogen fuel which was immediately ignited by the many flames that were present. The massive explosion broke up the orbiter. It is possible that the crew actually survived the explosion but perished on the impact with the surface of the Atlantic Ocean. No one knows for sure. All but a few pieces of the orbiter were recovered from the ocean floor and the remains of the seven astronauts are interred at Arlington National Cemetery with an appropriate monument. The disaster put the shuttle program on hold for nearly 3 years while the cause of the explosion was determined and corrected.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg/220px-Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Challenger_explosion.jpg/220px-Challenger_explosion.jpg
Left, the crew of Challenger Right, the plume after the explosion.
Front: Michael J. Smith,
Dick Scobee, Ronald McNair;
Back: Ellison Onizuka,
Christa McAuliffe, Gregory Jarvis, Judith Resnik

President Ronald Reagan postponed the State of the Union Address and made a presentation about the disaster from the Oval Office, written by Peggy Noonan. The address ended with quotes taken from the poem High Flight by John Gillespie Magee, Jr. "We will never forget them, nor the last time we saw them, this morning, as they prepared for their journey and waved goodbye and 'slipped the surly bonds of Earth' to 'touch the face of God.'" The next school built in Huntsville, Alabama, a city with deep ties to NASA, was named Challenger Middle School.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Reagan_Challenger.jpg/140px-Reagan_Challenger.jpg
President Ronald Reagan addresses a
nation in mourning after the disaster.

...in 1938, Rudolph Caracciola set a world land-speed record (although it wasn't recognized by many sanctioning bodies) of 268.496 MPH on the German Autobahn. It remains the highest speed ever recorded on a public highway. No, don't even think of trying to beat it on I-70 in Kansas because later on this same day, Bernd Rosemeyer died in a crash on the Autobahn trying to break Caracciola's record.

...in 1964, the Soviet Union shot down an American jet that accidentally strayed into East German airspace. Three American officers were killed in the incident. The Soviets claimed they had acted properly and that the overflight was a gross provocation. According to the US military, the flight was a training mission and the three officers became disoriented by a violent storm and they simply lost their way. The incident was a grim reminder of the game of brinkmanship being played by both countries. The US was still stinging over the Soviets shooting down a U-2 spy plane in 1960 over the Soviet Union. The wreckage was recovered and the pilot, Francis Gary Powers, was held prisoner after that event. East German authoities did allow the US to recover the wreckage and bodies from this incident, however.

...in 1959, the Green Bay Packers signed a New York Giant's assistant coach to a five year contract as head coach and general manager. Vince Lombardi would lead the team to six NFL Championship games, winning five of them. The Packers had gone 1-10-1 in 1958, leading one sportswriter to quip, "The Packers overwhelmed one opponent, underwhelmed ten, and whelmed one." Lombardi led the team to a 7-5 record in 1959 and a third place finish. In 1960, the team lost the championship game to the Philadelphia Eagles, 17-13 but in 1961, the Packers clobbered the Giants in the championship, 37-0 and repeated in 1962, again beating the Giants. Lombardi would lead the team to three consecutive NFL titles in 1965, 1966 and in 1967, winning the famous "Ice Bowl." Lombardi would lead the Packers to victories in the first two AFL-NFL Championship Games, later renamed Super Bowl I and Super Bowl II. See Morning Update, December 31, 2008 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-december-31-2008-a-47924/) for more about the Ice Bowl. Lombardi retired but couldn't stand it, and took the head coaching job with the Washington Redskins, where he again turned a loser around to a winning season. He died of colon cancer the following year with a record of 105-35-6 and no losing seasons. He was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1971 and the Super Bowl trophy was renamed in his honor. Lombardi changed the face of football forever in the 1960's and was the face of NFL football in those heady days. He also introduced the concept of zone blocking with the back expected to run to what ever hole was created, as he called it, "Run to daylight." He also introduced the Green Bay Power Sweep, a running play where the guards pulled out of position and ran interference down the field, ahead of the back. A native New Yorker, there is a Lombardi Square in Brooklyn along with a Vince Lombardi Boulevard, a Lombardi Service Area on the New Jersey Turnpike and, of course, Lambeau Field in Green Bay is on Lombardi Avenue.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Sports/photo10.jpg
Coach Lombardi being carried out on the shoulders
of a grateful team after the 1962 NFL Championship
victory in New York. Coach is sitting on the shoulder of
Forrest Gregg and that's Jerry Kramer Coach is smiling at.
Kramer would go on to make the block that allowed
Bart Starr to sneak into the endzone and win Lombardi's
fifth NFL Championship in the 1967 "Ice Bowl."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 49 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1936, the Baseball Hall of Fame came into existence as it announced the charter members of the Hall, Ty Cobb, Babe Ruth, Honus Wagner, Christy Mathewson and Walter Johnson. The idea for the HOF and museum was hatched in Cooperstown by members of the Clark Foundation, looking for a way to revitalize Cooperstown in the midst of the Great Depression. (The Clark family dominates the Cooperstown area, the source of their funding was owning half of the Singer Sewing Machine Co. generations ago.) Since the game of baseball purportedly originated in Cooperstown, what better place for a HOF, and as for a baseball museum, what better place than the "Village of Museums?" (Besides baseball, Cooperstown is home the Fenimore Art Museum, the Farmers' Museum, Glimmerglass Opera and the New York State Historical Association. There were three other musuem there that have closed.) Cobb was a productive hitter who had nine consecutive AL batting titles from 1907 to 1915. Ruth was an overpowering pitcher who also hit a few home runs. Wagner was great shortstop with eight NL batting titles and he was the first player to have 3,000 career hits. Mathewson pitched more winning games than any other NL pitcher and Johnson was a powerful pitcher who held the strikeout record at the time of his induction. All but Mathewson, who died in 1925, were at the induction ceremony, held June 12, 1939, along with 21 others who were elected to the HOF in 1937, '38 and '39.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Plaque_first.jpg/250px-Plaque_first.jpg
The First Class of Inductees

...in 1891, following the death of King Kalakaua, Liliuokalani became Queen Liliuokalani, the last Hawaiian monarch. Hawaii was settled by Polyniesian explorers in probably the eigth century but after discovery of Hawaii's plantation potenital in the 19th Century, it was pretty much overrun with American business interests. A revolution (of sorts) took place in 1887, under pressure from those interests, King Kalakaua had signed a new constitution. It stripped him of much of his power, it stripped voting rights from all Asians and disenfranchised poor Native Hawaiians and other citizens by imposing income and wealth requirements for voting. putting power in the hands of the wealthy Americans. Queen Liliuokalani threw it out and restored the old constitution, setting the Americans on a plot to take over. A "Comittee of Safety" was formed, organized by Sanford B. Dole, a Hawaiian born American and lawyer. (What a surprise.) His cousin James was that Dole, the Dole of pinapple fame. Sanford Dole deposed Queen Liliuokalani by staging a coup with the support of the US Minister John Stevens and a company of US Marines. The members of the coup declared Hawaii and republic with Dole as the first president. Stevens immediately recognized the new government as official (without approval from the mainland) and declared Hawaii a US Protectorate. When President McKinley declared Hawaii a territory, he appointed Dole (surprise surprise) its first governor. Hawaii became a state in 1959, and in 1993, President Bill Clinton signed an apology for overthrowing the monarchy of Hawaii, the first time the US ever apologized for overthrowing a sitting government.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Liliuokalani.jpg
Queen Liliuokalani

...in 1989, Malcom Bricklin, who had foisted the Bricklin sportscar on an unsuspecting public, then decided to bring a cheap car into the country and began to import the Yugo. The operation went broke on this day in 1989. The design of the Yugo was basically a Fiat (under license) and was assembled in Soviet Yugoslavia by Zastava. Plagued by numerous mechanical shortcomings, the Yugo developed a poor reputation and was described by Time magazine as feeling like it was built at gunpoint. The rear window defroster was there to keep your hands warm when you pushed it. The end started when two guys were arrested in Chicago after using their Yugo in a push-by shooting. Actually, the end started when the Soviet Union fell apart. Zastava also built arms, and NATO bombed the Yugo plant when they wanted to bomb the arms plant. Whoops. The Yugo continued to be built in post-Soviet Bosnia, in fact, the last Yugo was built on November 11, 2008. In many markets, the poor reliability didn't matter because it was so cheap to fix - sort-of a Soviet Model T. At least, that's what it was supposed to be, but America had enough of that 80 years earlier and it never really caught on here.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f7/Yugo-US-poster.jpg/300px-Yugo-US-poster.jpg

...in 1845, "Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary, Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore..." was published in the New York Evening Mirror. One of America's most famous poems, The Raven was written by Edgar Allen Poe, born in Boston in 1809 and orphaned at the age of 3. He went to live with family and bounced through many schools in England and New England. His first poems were published in 1827, anonymously, because he was in the military at the time. The Raven was published in 1845 and was typical of the macabre material that he wrote, probably influenced by his rather macabre upbringing. In 1833, he won first prize in a competition in The Baltimore Sun. Still, it was The Raven that made him famous and it remains one of the most famous poems ever written. (The poem was used in the annual Halloween show of The Simpsons as read by James Earl Jones - with Homer reading the speaking portions and the raven played by Bart. There are several versions of it on You Tube, the best one has the worst video, which you can see here: The Raven (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B1NRtUsbQrM&feature=related).)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/312d9778.jpg
Edgar Allan Poe died in 1849, in Baltimore, from unknown causes,
thought to be complications of alcoholism. He was buried in a
family plot, but in 1875, his remains were moved to another
gravesite. This marker was placed in 1913 to commemorate
his original gravesite and the raven makes this a more attractive
marker than his headstone. The NFL franchise in Baltimore, moved
there from Cleveland in 1995, is named after the main character of
Poe's most famous work.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 42 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1933, President Paul von Hindenburg named Adolph Hitler as the Chancellor of Germany. Hitler pictured himself as Der Führer ("the Leader) of the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei ("National Socialist German Workers Party") commonly shortened to "Nazi." Hitler came from nowhere, his meteoric rise to prominence came largely on the frustration of the German populace saddled with rampant inflation, economic depression, the loss of the War to End All Wars and the overly harsh terms imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles. A captivating speaker, Hitler channeled discontent into support for his Nazi party. In the election of 1932, the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei won 230 seats in the Reichstag. Along with the second largest party, the Communists, the two parties were able to take control of the Reichstag. The election was a turning point for Germany, because the Nazi platform was to blame Germany's troubles on the failure of democracy and the failure of market-driven, Laissez-faire capitalism. In addition, the party claimed the purity of the German people was being compromised and certain members of society were not worthy of living, specifically Jews, homosexuals, mentally disabled, communists, Roma ("gypsies") Russians and Poles. (These people would become Nazi targets of the Holocaust.) The crown jewel in Hitler's plan was Lebensraum, the concept that German people needed "living space" to justify his territorial aggression. The concept was not new, Friedrich Ratzel suggested "lebensraum" in 1897, based on the French and English models of colonialism. After becoming chancellor in 1933, the wheels of Hitler's plan began to roll, ultimately leading to World War II.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Hitler_portrait_crop.jpg/225px-Hitler_portrait_crop.jpg
Adolph Hitler
Would YOU buy a used car from this man?

...in 1948, Kohandes Karamchand Gandhi, the leader of the independence movement in India, was assassinated by a Hindu fanatic in New Delhi. Gandhi's protests of non-violence were admired around the world, and he not only worked for Indian independence but also worked for peace between Hindu and Muslim people. He was shot and killed by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu who objected to Gandhi's tolerance of the Muslims. He was known as "Mahatma" ("The Great Soul") during his lifetime and his peaceful ways indluenced civil rights leaders around the world, including Martin Luther King, Jr.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Portrait_Gandhi.jpg/225px-Portrait_Gandhi.jpg
Kohandes Karamchand Gandhi, ca. 1935

...in 1969, the Beatles made their last public performance as a group, an impromptu concert on the roof of Apple Records. Neighbors complained about the noise, police were called, and the concert was shut down.

...in 1933, listeners of Detroit's WXYZ heard, when the appropriate place in the William Tell Overture came up, the yell of "HI-YO, SILVER! AWAAAAAAAAY!" followed by, "A fiery horse with the speed of light, a cloud of dust, and a hearty 'Hi-yo, Silver, away!' The Lone Ranger!" and The Lone Ranger began its run as one of the most popular westerns ever.

The brainchild of WXYZ owner, George Trendle and a writer, Fran Striker, the masked man became one of America's most beloved characters. The paragon of virtue always spoke with perfect grammar and never smoked, chewed, used profanity (or slang) drank alcohol or (one would assume) fraternized with any of his female protectorates. Most importantly, he never shot to kill, supposedly, bullets made of silver demonstrate that silver, like life, is too valuable to waste. Neither Trendle nor Striker had any connection with the old west, in fact, they had no clue what life on the plains was like in the 19th Century.

The Lone Ranger sallied forth each week on his trusty steed, Silver. He was later joined by his faithful Indian sidekick, Tonto, the most politically incorrect sidekick in radio, and later, television. Tonto didn't appear until the 12th episode and while he was portrayed as the Ranger's faithful friend, the truth is, he was a dramatic tool necessary so the Ranger had someone to talk to, providing listeners with insight to the story line. Tonto was usually played (on radio) by English actor John Todd and (on television) by Jay Silverheels. He spoke in an accent that didn't have much in common with any known tribe, complete with head-shaking idioms like "That right, Kemo Sabe," "You betchum," or "Him say man ride over ridge on horse." (That must have been one big horse to carry a ridge.) The best one was "Kemo Sabe" which doesn't translate into anything from any Native American language. George Trendle grew up in Michigan and there was a Camp Kemo Sabe in the lower peninsula, the most likely source of the phrase. Just the same, Tonto was a delightfully intelligent sidekick, and the duo seemed to be able to right any wrong in a half hour time slot. While Tonto is derided by many, especially Native Americans who see him as demeaning, the truth is that the Ranger treated Tonto as an equal and the show did dance around the issue of racism in several episodes, with Tonto always coming out above the fray. There were 2,956 episodes of the radio version, the last new episode aired on September 3, 1954. (Incidentally, The Green Hornet was a Lone Ranger spin-off, the story line is that Britt Reid, the Green Hornet, is the Ranger's nephew. The Green Hornet was also created by Fran Striker for WXYZ radio.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/ce/Moore-LoneRanger.jpg
Clayton Moore as The Lone Ranger,
one of ABC Television's most popular
shows, ever.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 35 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1945, Private Eddie Slovik was executed by firing squad. He was the first soldier to be shot for the crime since the Civil War and the only one during World War II. Eddie Slovik was born in 1920 in Detroit, Michigan. He had several run-ins with the law, at the age of 12 with some other boys, he broke into a foundry and stole some brass to sell to scrappers. He quit school at 15, went to jail in 1937 for petty larceny, was paroled in 1938 but in 1939, he was arrested for grand theft auto after getting drunk, stealing a car and wrecking it. His prison record classified him 4F in the draft, unfit for duty. When personnel needs came high, Slovik was reclassified 1A and was drafted, trained as a rifleman and shipped to Europe to be a replacement - a status not well respected by officers. In his first action, he took cover from an artillery attack and got separated from his outfit. He hooked up with a Canadian MP unit, and was reunited with Company G, 28 days later. The next day, he deserted. He came back the next day, but signed a statement that he would desert again, rather than face the perils of battle. His CO, lawyers and others urged him to recant and report for duty, but he refused. The court marshall found him guilty and sentenced him to death by firing squad. Appeals went all the way to General Eisenhower, who was embroiled in the Battle of the Bulge. 71 American POWs had just been murdered by the SS, and Eisenhower had no sympathy for someone afraid to fight, and did not commute the sentence. No one in the firing squad flinched, nor had any regrets. Slovik's wife, Antoinette, spent the rest of her life trying to receive a Presidential Pardon for her husband but none ever came. She died in 1979. He was executed near the village of Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines and buried at Fere-en-Tardenois with 96 other soldiers executed for murder and rape. The 97 headstones were only numbered, making it impossible to locate remains without a key to the code. Slovik's remains were exhumed and shipped to Detroit, where he was re-interred next to his wife, Antoinette.

http://s3.amazonaws.com/findagrave/photos/2001/222/slovikeddie.jpg
The Detroit grave of Eddie Slovik (http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=3134&pt=Eddie%20Slovik)

...in 1872, Pearl Zane Grey was born in Zanesville, Ohio. It must be tough enough to grow up in a town named for a direct ancestor, especially a Revolutionary War veteran. It must be even tougher to grow up with a name like "Pearl," at least, if you're the son of a dentist. After enough boyhood fights, he dropped the Pearl and went by the name that would carry him to fame, Zane Grey. Pearl was also the victim of beatings from his father. Zane loved to read and dreamed of being a writer and he especially loved Owen Wister's The Virginian. He was also influenced by a family friend who was more interested in fishing and living the good life, advising Grey to do the same. Grey wrote his first story at the age of 15 but his father found it, tore it up and beat him. Not long after, a financial setback forced the Grey's to move to Columbus, mostly out of embarrassment. Grey was also a talented ball player, catching the eye of a scout from the University of Pennsylvania, resulting in a full-ride scholarship. His brother, Romer, was also a ballplayer and went to the same school. They both graduated as dentists, Romer played pro baseball and Grey began to practice dentistry, which he hated, in New York. It was a competitive market but he was there not to be a dentist but to be close to publishers. Several of his early novels went unpublished, but in 1908, he met Colonel C. J. "Buffalo" Jones who convinced Grey to write his biography. The Last of the Plainsmen drew scant attention but Jones took him out west for research, where he became enthralled with the land and the people. He published Riders of the Purple Sage in 1912 and he wrote 78 more novels before he died in 1939. He sold 31 million copies of his books in the decades after his death. His novels today are hardly read as people find them pompous and maudlin but he single-handedly made the Western a favorite American genre. (His novel The Lone Star Ranger inspired George Trendle to create The Lone Ranger. See yesterday's update for more about Trendle and Kemosabe.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Zane_Grey_1895.jpg/299px-Zane_Grey_1895.jpg
Dr. Zane Grey, besides being a prolific author,
was a dentist and in his youth, an accomplished
baseball player in the minor leagues. His brother,
Romer, played in one game with the Pittsburgh Pirates.

...in 1917, Germany announced that unrestricted warfare would resume in the Atlantic Ocean. German U-boats would attack any ship, of any nation, including passenger ships. In 1914, when the War to End All Wars broke out, the United States declared and maintained neutrality. Great Britain, however, was a close American ally and was under great strain. In March of 1915, a German cruiser sank the William P. Frye, a private American vessel carrying grain to England. President Woodrow Wilson was outraged. The Germans apologized. On May 7, the a German U-boat sank the Lusitania causing the deaths of 1,198 of 1,959 passengers, 128 of them Americans. In August, the Germans promised to look after passengers, but in November, a U-boat sank an Italian liner, killing 272 people, including 27 Americans. The tide of public opinion was turning against the Germans, and in January 1917, the Germans announced unrestricted warfare. The United States broke off diplomatic relations and hours later, a U-boat sank the Housatonic, luckily, all Americans were rescued by a British steamer. In February, British intelligence officers intercepted a communique that has become known as the Zimmerman Note. In it, Germany asked Mexico to enter the war as an ally and in return, Germany would restore Texas, New Mexico and Arizona to Mexico. The memo was published, galvanizing Americans against Germany. In March, the Germans sank four more American ships and on April 4, the Senate voted 82-6 to declare war, on April 5, the House voted 373 to 50, and America formally entered the war.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/U9Submarine.jpg
The 1914 German Unterseeboot U-9.

...in 1863, the 1st South Carolina Volunteers was mustered into the Union Army. The first unit of blacks in the army, the 1st South Carolina was comprised of escaped slaves from South Carolina and Florida. The commander was Thomas Wentworth Higginson and he, like all the other officers, was white. The idea was so radical that President Jefferson Davis of the Confederates announced that if any of the 1st South Carolina were captured, they would not be treated as prisoners of war. He said the soldiers would be auctioned off and the officers would be hanged. The threat was never carried out. While the unit was never a part of any major battles, it was a major step in the evolution of the army, and a major step forward toward the end of slavery. Higginson had a literary talent, he recorded the Gullah dialect of the escaped slaves/soldiers, as well as making a record of the spirituals that they sang. Without Higginson, and without the 1st South Carolina, that information might have been lost forever. The work was entitled Army Life in a Black Regiment that he wrote in 1869. It was published by Houghton, Mifflin and Company in 1900. (It's available online if you want to read it.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 37 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1929, Hollywood's first musical film, The Broadway Melody, premiered at Grauman's Chinese Theater. It was the first "talkie" to win the Oscar for Best Picture. The film included a Technicolor sequence, but it is lost and only black & white prints remain. The film featured music by Arthur Freed and Nacio Herb with the popular hit You Were Meant For Me. The film also was the film debut of George M. Cohan's classic Give My Regards to Broadway.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/08/BroadwayMelodyy1929.jpg/215px-BroadwayMelodyy1929.jpg

...in 1943, the Japanese army began to evacuate Guadalcanal Island, part of the Solomon Islands chain. In July 1942, the Japanese had landed on Guadalcanal and began to build an airfield that had strategic significance, putting them within easy reach of Allied forces. The Americans responded with Operation Watchtower, landing forces on the other Solomon Islands of Florida, Tulagi, Gavutu and Tananbogo, then on Guadalcanal itself. The Japanese were surprised by the landings, in fact, there was little resistance and the Americans quickly took the airfield. The Japanese reinforced their forces, though, and fierce hand-to-hand jungle combat began. One American general on the island said, "I have never heard or read of this kind of fighting. These people refuse to surrender." Once the navy reinforced the Marines on Guadalcanal, the tide quickly turned and the Japanese slinked off the island, in fact, the Americans didn't even know they were gone until they stumbled into abandoned positions and discarded supplies. The Japanese lost 25,000 men compared to losses of 1,600 Americans, while each side lost 24 warships.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/GuadHendersonJuly1942.gif
The Japanese began construction of this airfield in May, 1942. When it was taken by the Marines, the
strip was completed and it was renamed "Henderson Field" for Major Lofton Henderson, a Marine aviator
who died in the Battle of Midway. Today, it is known as Honiara International Airport. (Henderson Field
on Midway Island was closed in 2004.)

...in 1969, John DeLorean became the President of Chevrolet Motor Division of GM. He had made a meteoric rise through the Pontiac division, pioneering such hot products as the GTO and Gran Prix. Chevrolet sold 3,000,000 vehicles in 1973, which was an otherwise awful year for the auto industry. It appeared that DeLorean was next in line to be president of GM, but at the end of 1973, he walked away from it all to start the DeLorean Motor Company with an assembly plant in Northern Ireland. The sleek, stainless steel DMC-12 generated much interest, but like every startup car venture, the company ran into financial difficulties. DeLorean even resorted to dealing in drugs to save his company, and he was caught in a sting when he tried to broker a $24 million cocaine deal. He was aquitted as a victim of entrapment, but the damage was done and the company failed. The most famous DeLorean vehicle was a supporting star of the Back to the Future franchise of films. (Stephen Wynn of Texas started a company called DeLorean Motor Company, selling used DeLoreans and will build you a new one, using NOS (New Old Stock) parts that he acquired in the bankruptcy and OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) parts made by original suppliers. It is not, and never was, affiliated with John DeLorean, who died in 2005.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6f/DMC_publicity_photo.jpg/225px-DMC_publicity_photo.jpg
John Zachary DeLorean (1925-2005)
with the prototype DMC-12.

...in 2003, the space shuttle Columbia broke up while re-entering the earth's atmosphere, killing the entire 7-member crew. It was the 28th mission for the shuttle, officially designated as STS-107, launched on January 16, 2003. 80 seconds into the mission, foam insulation from the fuel tank broke off, striking the leading edge of the craft's left wing. It is believed that the foam dislodged protective, heat-resistant tiles on the wing, ultimately causing the disaster. Columbia began re-entry that morning, 10 minutes later, at 8:53 AM, over California at 231,000 feet, the trouble began while the orbiter was traveling at Mach 23, that is, 23 times faster than the speed of sound. With the heat-shield tiles missing on the leading edge of the left wing, wind and heat entered the wing itself and blew it apart. Debris began falling on west Texas at 8:58. One minute later, the last communication from the shuttle came in and at 9:00 AM, the shuttle disintegrated near Dallas. There was a large report and a plume of smoke, and the debris field stretched from Lubbock to Arkansas and Louisiana. President George W. Bush told the nation, "This day has brought terrible news and great sadness to our country ... The Columbia is lost; there are no survivors...The cause in which they died will continue. Our journey into space will go on...In an age when space flight has come to seem almost routine, it is easy to overlook the dangers of travel by rocket, and the difficulties of navigating the fierce outer atmosphere of the earth. These astronauts knew the dangers and they faced them willingly, knowing they had a high and noble purpose in life." The disaster grounded the shuttle program for two years, until July 16, 2005, with the launch of Discovery.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ab/2003_Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster.PNG/250px-2003_Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster.PNG
An unfortunate choice of words headlined
the television reports of the disaster.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Crew_of_STS-107%2C_official_photo.jpg/250px-Crew_of_STS-107%2C_official_photo.jpg
The crew of Columbia:
L to R: David Brown, Rick Husband,
Laurel Clark, Kalpana Chawla,
Michael Anderson, William McCool, Ilan Ramon.

Note: Prior to this disaster, there were few cases of foam breaking off the orbiter. The EPA, after protests from Florida environmentalists, put pressure on NASA to stop using CFC insulation foam on the shuttles. After the change was made, there were more documented cases of foam failing, and falling off, the vehicle during launch. There is credible evidence that the EPA's required change, pressured by environmentalists, ultimately caused this tragedy.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 24 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1942, Vidkun Quisling was established as the prime minister of Norway, a puppet government with strings pulled from Berlin. When the German navy entered Norwegian ports in 1940, they deployed occupation troops and faced no resistance - local garrisons were ordered to offer no resistance. The order came from the Norwegian commander, Vidkin Quisling. When the Norwegian government refused to surrender, the Germans responded with a paratroop invasion. On February 1, 1942, the commisorial counselors (put in place by the Nazis) formed a new government, loyal to Berlin, with Quisling as the prime minister. When Germany surrendered in 1945, Quisling was arrested by Norway's liberators, tried for treason and summarily executed by firing squad on October 24, 1945. The Times of Great Britain coined the term "quisling" in an editorial, "Quislings Everywhere" to mean traitor, especially one who collaborates with the enemy. To this day, "quisling" is a synonym for "traitor" in most Eurpopean languages.

...in 1887, the first rodent to become a meteorologist made his first prediction at Gobler's Knob in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania. The tradition is that if a groundhog comes out of his burrow and sees his shadow, there will be six more weeks of winter, but if he doesn't see his shadow, there will be an early spring. The tradition of Groundhog Day actually came from a Christian tradition called Candlemas Day, when clergymen would distribute and bless candles needed for the winter. The candles represented how long and cold the winter would be. An 1841 diary entry from Morgantown, Pennsylvania talks about a German tradition for Candlemas Day when a groundhog, which was plentiful in Pennsylvania, looks for his shadow. Groundhogs, aka woodchucks, weigh about 13 pounds. They are vegetarians, they climb trees, they can swim and they whistle. They go into hibernation in the fall and will come out in March. However, groundhogs will come out in February but they're looking for a mate and not a weather map. Punxatawny Phil, as a matter of fact, performed his forecast in private until 1966, and now there is a three day celebration of Groundhog Day in Punxatawny.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/DogGroundHog-small.jpg/230px-DogGroundHog-small.jpg
Six more weeks of winter?
Or an early spring?
Can woodchucks really chuck wood?

...in 1923, gasoline containing Tetraethyl lead went on sale in Dayton, Ohio. The fuel was coined as "ethyl gasoline" by Charles Kettering of GM. The additive greatly altered the combustion rate of the gasoline. Leaded gas benefited engines by adding octane (in some cases) but also kept valves from burning out. Pollution and heath issues forced the removal of lead from gasoline in the 1970's. Some claim that was when unleaded fuel was invented, but that is not true. Unleaded gas was available before Tertraethyl lead in 1923, but was also available in a form called "white gas" which was simply gasoline without additives - often used in marine and other small engines.

...in 1847, the first member of the Donner Party perished in their encampment on the shores of what is now called Donner Lake, near what is now called Donner Pass. 87 people had joined with George Donner and his family, on their way to California. Rather than follow the traditional and proven route to California, the Donner Party followed the directions published by Lansford Hastings along a route known as the Hastings Cutoff. What they did not know is that Lansford Hastings was a charlatan who had never actually traveled his cutoff. If he had, even Hastings might have known that the route across the Great Salt Dessert was nearly impassible. The cutoff added three weeks to their travel time and caused them to abandon many possessions and animals in the middle of the dessert. The group arrived in the Sierra Nevada at the end of October and made the fateful decision to pause and rest their animals, and themselves, for two days. A fateful snow came the day after they would have crossed the pass, had they kept moving rather than resting. The snowstorm closed the pass and trapped the group, short of supplies, and locked them in until Spring. A group, later known as Forlorn Hope, set out on snowshoes for Sutter's Fort, about 100 miles from the pass. When the first relief arrived in February and found that the emigrants had been surviving on boiled ox hide. When the second relief arrived in March, they found that some of the 31 remaining survivors had been eating the dead. The last survivor of the Donner Party was rescued on March 31. Of the 87 pioneers, 48 survived. Two Native Americans, who were part of the relief from Sutter's Fort, became trapped and died, bringing the death toll to 41.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Donner_Pass_kingp052.jpg/800px-Donner_Pass_kingp052.jpg
Donner Pass, ca. 1870, taken by T.H. O'Sullivan of the USGS during the King Survey.

http://bridgehunter.com/photos/11/25/112537-M.jpg
Donner Pass & Donner Lake in 2003. That's Sonja and me on
the Rainbow Bridge during the Lincoln Highway Anniversary Tour.
Photo by Tom Kishman, published on the Bridge Hunter (http://bridgehunter.com/ca/nevada/17C0052/) website. The Rainbow
Bridge is several hundred yards to the north of the 1870's O'Sullivan
photograph. The Rainbow Bridge shortened the route of the roadway
seen in the 1870's photograph.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 23 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1959, a Beechcraft Bonanza crashed in Iowa, just a few minutes after takeoff, on a flight from Mason City to Moorehead, Minnesota. On board the aircraft were Buddy Holly (leader of Buddy Holly and the Crickets) Ricthie Valens and J.P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson who all died in the crash. The Big Bopper had a cold and talked Crickets member, Waylon Jennings, out of his seat on the plane. The band had just gone to Number 1 on the charts with That'll Be the Day, after a string of hits like Peggy Sue, Oh, Boy!, Maybe Baby, and Early in the Morning. Buddy Holly wrote all his own material and influenced popular music for many years after his death. The Big Bopper was a disk jockey who wrote songs for others, most notably, Running Bear recorded by Johnny Preston. Richardson recorded Chantilly Lace himself and made the top 10. Richie Valens, really Valenzuela, made No. 2 with Donna and No. 22 with La Bomba. "The day the music died" was immortalized by Don McLean in 1972 with his Number 1 hit American Pie.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/62366296.jpg
The Day the Music Died. Buddy Holly, The Big Bopper and Richie Vallens
died instantly when this Beechcraft Bonanza crashed near Clear Lake, Iowa.

...in 1966, the Soviet Union made the first controlled landing on the moon. The unmanned Lunik 9 made a soft landing on the Ocean of Storms. Shortly after landing, the capsule opened in a flower-like manner and deployed antennae that began transmitting images back to earth. It was the Russian's third major first in the race to the moon. On September 14, 1959, Lunik 2 was the first man-made vehicle to impact the moon. Lunik 3 orbited the moon and transmitted images of the dark side of the moon to the earth, the first that man ever saw the other hemisphere of the moon. The American space program was behind the Russians in the last 1950's and erly 1960's and pretty much remained in second place until the Apollo program made major leaps forward in the race, culminating in the landing of the Eagle on July 20, 1969. The Americans may not have been the first to make a soft landing on the moon, but the first to put a man on the moon, and the race was over.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Luna-9_spacecraft.jpg
The Soviet Union's Lunik 9

Watch a 28 minute video called The Eagle Has Landed (http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=4166049933953240830) on YouTube.

...in 1781, American General Nathanael Greene led his troops across the Yadkin River to evade General Charles Cornwallis, who was in pursuit after defeating the Americans at Tarrant's Tavern on the 1st of February. A heavy rain on the 1st had helped defeat the Americans, their gunpowder had gotten wet and it all went downhill from there, however, the rain would ultimately aid the Americans and frustrate the British. On February 3, though, Greene was ready. Polish engineer and military advisor, Thaddeus Kosciusko, had made a canoe trip up the Catawba and Pedee Rivers in December 1780, assessing Greene's options. He built a fleet of flat-bottomed boats that could be carried in wagons between crossings, which Greene had with him. The rains that had aided the British on the 1st swelled the rivers. Greene had the boats waiting for him, and the army quickly crossed the swelling Yadkin River. Cornwallis showed up as the last of the Americans had reached the other side. Unable to cross the swelling river, he shelled the Americans but was forced to march to Shallow Ford, giving Greene two days to widen the gap between the armies as Greene raced to the safety of patriot-held Virginia.

...in 1948, the first Cadillac with tailfins was produced, beginning an era of tailfins on American automobiles. As the years went on, the fins grew until they hit the peak of absurdity in 1959 with the debut of the 1959 Cadillac. Most critics were pretty much convinced that the GM designers were a couple of quarts short of an oil change. In the late 1960's, tail fins faded into rear deck spoilers.

http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3079/2675059039_73ac30f58e.jpg?v=0
1959 Caddy fins are the epitome of excessive design.

...1943, the USAT Dorchester was loaded to capacity including 902 soldiers, merchant seamen and civilian workers. The Dorchester had been a luxury liner, but like many ships in times of war, became a troop transport. It was a part of a convoy designated as SG-19 and was headed for a base in Greenland under the escort of Coast Guard Cutters. A submarine had been detected by sonar, and although the Dorchester was only 150 miles from port, the captain ordered all hands to wear clothing and life jackets at all times. Not everyone heeded his order - "Mae West"s were uncomfortable to wear, especially when trying to sleep. At 12:55 AM, German submarine U-223 launched three torpedoes, one hit the Dorchester amidships, below the waterline. The captain issued the order to abandon ship, four Army chaplains began to provide encouragement and prayers, helping out any way possible. They opened a storage locker and began handing out life jackets. When the supply ran out, they simply took off their own and handed them to the next four men in line. Only 203 men survived the sinking, included in the 672 souls that perished were the four chaplains. Reverend George Fox, Reverend Clark Poling, Father John Washington and Rabbi Alexander Goode were posthumously awarded the Purple Heart and Distinguished Service Cross. The US Post Office issued a commemorative stamp in 1948.

Congress wanted to confer the Medal of Honor to the chaplains, but there is a stringent requirement that the medal can only be conferred to those under fire. I do not know how being aboard a ship that is sinking because of an enemy torpedo does not constitute "under fire." Apparently, neither did General Eisenhower because in 1961, President Eisenhower conferred a special Medal for Heroism to the four. It was intended to carry the same weight as the Congressional MOH. The four chaplains exemplify courage and calm under fire, and are a unique chapter in the history of war. (You can read the entire story here (http://www.fourchaplains.org/story.html).)

http://www.greatships.net/scans/dorchester/DOR-PC2.jpg
SS Dorchester before entering transport duty. She was
launched in 1926 along with two sister ships.

http://www.greatships.net/scans/dorchester/DOR-STAMPS.jpg
The USPO 1948 stamp.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/FourChaplains2.jpg
Rabbi Alexander D. Goode, Rev. George L. Fox, Rev. Clark V. Poling and Father John P. Washington

With a tip o' the hat to Leggy (http://www.chefsuccess.com/members/legacypc46/) for pointing out this incredible story.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 31 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1789, George Washington became the first, and only, candidate for president to be elected unanimously by the Electoral College. The event would be repeated on this date in 1792. In those early days of presidential elections, the electors in the college were presented with two names for president and were given two ballots. All ballots were cast for Washington, and since John Adams was presented as a candidate but received no votes, he finished second and served as vice-president for both of Washington's terms. The problem with the Electoral College evolved in 1796 when supporters of John Adams' Federalist party cast only one of their two ballots, ensuring Adams' becoming President, but it also meant that his opponent, the Democratic-Republican party candidate, Thomas Jefferson, would be Adams' vice president. In 1800, the situation repeated when a tie between Jefferson and Aaron Burr, both Democratic-Republicans. The election went to the house, where the Federalists voted for Burr, because they despised Jefferson. There were 35 tie votes until the Federalists conceded the election to Jefferson. (There's nothing new under the sun, I guess.) In 1804, the 12th Amendment to the Constitution ended the problem by specifying that separate votes be cast for president and vice-president.

...in 1826, James Fenimore Cooper published The Last of the Mohicans. The uniquely American novel was the second of a five-novel series known as The Leather Stocking Tales, featuring a hero with the unlikely name of Natty Bumppo. He is more commonly known by his nickname of Hawkeye, derived from his expertise with the rifled musket, his motto being "One shot, one kill." Hawkeye was born of white parents but was raised with Native Americans, his "brother" being Chingachgook. The five novels in the pentology are The Deerslayer, The Last of the Mohicans, The Pathfinder, The Pioneers and The Prairie. Cooper died in 1851 in Cooperstown, New York, founded by and named for his father. And yes, it's the same Cooperstown as the Baseball Hall of Fame.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/James_Fenimore_Cooper_by_Jarvis.jpg/200px-James_Fenimore_Cooper_by_Jarvis.jpg
James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851)

...in 1922, Ford Motor Company acquired the financially troubled Lincoln Motor Car Company for $8 million. Old Henry had insisted on building nothing but Model T Fords and some industry analysts saw the purchase of Lincoln as a move toward diversification, to match the many offerings of GM. However, the purchase was driven by Henry Ford's personal interest in Lincoln, which ran much deeper. In 1901, the Henry Ford Company was founded with Henry as the chief engineer. He designed an automobile but was never quite ready to release it into production. Nervous investors were not happy, and brought in Henry Leland. Leland had a reputation for building precision components. Leyland supplied engines to Ransom E. Olds' Oldsmobiles, adding to the reputation of Oldsmobiles in the early days. Leland brought his engine and transmission to the company and in 1902, the investors fired Ford - who left to found the Ford Motor Company. Meanwhile, Leland's engine was put into Henry's Ford. It was renamed "Cadillac" and went on to some success in the industry. Even with his success with Ford Motor Company, Henry Ford was one to carry a grudge forever. He was delighted with the chance to purchase Lincoln, which had been founded by Henry Leland. Henry Ford returned Leland's favor from 1902 - and fired him from the company he founded.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/1922-Lincoln-1280x960.jpg
Henry Leland's design for the Lincoln was actually
quite old and stodgy, well behind the times. It didn't help
sales of his cars, either. After Henry Ford bought the
company, Edsel Ford's design guidance made it into a
beautiful automobile.

...in 1974, 19 year old heiress Patrica Hearst was kidnapped from her Berkley, California apartment. The daughter of William Randolph Hearst, the billionaire newspaper mogul, was contacted by leaders of the Symbionese Liberation Army, a radical activist group led by Donald DeFreeze. The SLA demanded Hearst distribute $70 in food to every poor person from Santa Rosa to Los Angeles. The distribution was to be handled by the Black Muslims, but the distribution turned into a riot as more than 10,000 people showed up for the free food. After the mess was cleaned up, the SLA demanded an additional $6 million giveaway, which Hearst refused. An unexpected twist to the plot occurred when the SLA held up the Hibernia Bank in San Francisco, because one of the bank robbers was Patty Hearst. She was eventually arrested, tried, and convicted of bank robbery. Her defense was that she had been brainwashed by isolation and rape into joining the SLA. Prosecutors weren't so sure, and the argument continues whether she was complicit or displaying symptoms of Stockholm Syndrome. President Jimmy Carter commuted her sentence and President Bill Clinton pardoned her in the wave of pardons he made on his way out the door in January 2001.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/Patty_Hearst.jpg/225px-Patty_Hearst.jpg
Patty Hearst in an SLA poster.
Stockholm Syndrome victim or terrorist?

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 19 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1952, the first "Walk/Don't Walk" sign was installed in New York City. They were not the first pedestrian control signs installed ever, in fact, "Walk" signs were installed on Michigan Avenue in Chicago in 1934, but "walkers" were supposed to be smart enough to know that when the "Walk" light went off, it was no longer safe to cross. They either weren't smart enough or just didn't care. Walk/Don't Walk lights went up in Washington, D.C. sometime in 1939. Still, by 1952, pedestrian fatalities were a major problem in New York City. Did the lights help? Well, there were still 5,307 pedestrian fatalities in 1997. In New York, jaywalkers are subject to a $50 fine. Today, the old Walk/Don't Walk signs are being replaced with LED lights that feature a flashing orange hand for Don't Walk and a white light of a stick figure bopping across the street. In some locations, the Don't Walk sign features a count-down of how long you have to get to the other side before the light changes. Vandals tend to put black tape on the Don't Walk signs, covering all but the thumb and middle fingers, but hopefully, the message still gets through.

...in 1921, Loew's State Theater opened in Chicago. It was in the era of the movie palace, with theaters like the Chicago, the Uptown (Chicago) and the Al Ringling (http://www.alringling.com/) in Baraboo, Wisconsin. The State was on Madison Street on Chicago's far west side. It was a Renaissance Revival style theater, designed by Edward Steinberg, who also designed the Genesee Theater in Waukegan. The theater seated almost 1900 people and served as a movie house into the 1970s, but changing tastes and movie marketing doomed the theater and it closed. It stood vacant and a revival was tried, but it was demolished in 1995.

...in 1969, the arguably worst television show ever premiered on ABC television for a one-show run. Turn-On was from the fertile minds of Ed Friendly and George Schlatter, the producers of the immensely popular Rowen & Martin's Laugh-In over on NBC. Turn-On was a half-hour comedy show featuring animation, video, stop-action and non-sequiter one-liners that left many viewers scratching their heads. The cuts and chops were so quick that some people became physically ill while watching. There is an urban myth that it was canceled ten minutes into airing, this is not true. The show was canceled by ABC within a couple of days, but two stations, KBTV in Denver and WEWS in Cleveland, never went back to the show after the first commercial break. West coast stations, having some forewaring, chose not to air the show. Was it really a bad show? Today, there is probably nothing in it surprising or offending but in 1969, tastes ran quite different and Turn-On remains one of the worst television shows ever.

...in 1922, the publication you can find in every grandmother's bathroom was published for the first time in Pleasantville, New York. The Reader's Digest was the brainchild of Lila Bell and DeWitt Wallace. Circulation has dropped off in recent years but still reaches over 38 million readers in the United States and with 52 editions in 35 languages, it reaches an astounding 100 million readers around the world. It is also published in Braille and in a special Reader's Digest Large Print Edition. There are several favorite monthly features, one being "Word Power," first published in 1945 and written by Wilfred Funk - and look that up in your Funk & Wagnall's. (Which also happens to be owned by Reader's Digest.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1f/Readers_Digest00.jpg/180px-Readers_Digest00.jpg
This familiar logo was used until 2007.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 26 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1952, King George VI of Great Britain and Northern Ireland passed away in his sleep, after a long illness. Princess Elizabeth, the oldest of his two daughters, was in Kenya at the time of his death, became the queen. She was crowned Queen Elizabeth II on June 2, 1953, at the age of 27. She was born on April 21, 1926 and married her distant cousin, Phillip Mountbatten, in 1947. She had four children, the first was Prince Charles, born in 1948. Queen Elizabeth was a modern ruler, allowing the coronation to be televised, in the face of harsh criticism including from Prime Minister Winston Churchill. Elizabeth is the 40th monarch since William the Conqueror, who ruled from 1035 to 1087. Compare that to President George H.W. Bush, the 40th President of the United States (1989-1993) since President Washington was inaugurated in 1789.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Elizabeth_II_greets_NASA_GSFC_employees%2C_May_8%2 C_2007_edit.jpg/210px-Elizabeth_II_greets_NASA_GSFC_employees%2C_May_8%2 C_2007_edit.jpg
Queen Elizabeth II in 2007

...in 1820, an organized emigration of freed American slaves began, when a ship left New York Harbor for Freetown, Sierra Leone, in West Africa. The emigration was the result of efforts by the American Colonization Society, an organization founded to return freed slaves to Africa. Congress appropriated $100,000.00 to help return displaced Africans, illegally brought to the US after the abolishment of slave trading in 1808. The British had begun to resettle freed slaves after abolishment of the slave trade in 1772 and by 1787, 300 freed slaves and 70 white prostitutes settled on the Sierra Leone peninsula. Many perished from disease or from encounters with the indigent Temne who were not pleased with the immigrants. The British founded Freetown and sent more freed American slaves, who had supported Britain during the revolution but didn't like living in Canada. The program came under fire from all sides, abolitionists said it strengthened slavery while many freed slaves were not enthusiastic about leaving their homes. The emigrants founded Liberia in 1822. The new residents were so pleased with their new status and thankful for it all that they named the capital Monrovia, in honor of President James Monroe. In 1847, the fledgling was granted independence and became, officially, the Republic of Liberia. It has suffered two military coup d'etats and two brutal civil wars in the last 25 years but the Republic has been restored. The country has always enjoyed the unofficial support of the United States. The maritime ship registry of Liberia is a major source of revenue for the small country.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Monrovia_Street.jpg
Monrovia is the only non-American capital city named after a U.S. President.
Photo by Jonathan Harrison of the UK, used with permission.

...in 1985, Walter L. Jacobs passed away. He started the car rental business that became the basis of the Hertz car rental system. Did he start the Hertz system? "Not exactly." ;) He did start what would become the largest car rental company in the world when he was a 22 year old car salesman and an entrepreneur who saw an opportunity. He started DriveUrSelf System in Chicago, renting several Model T Fords that he maintained himself. Within 5 years, his business was grossing over $1 million and it caught the eye of the president of the Yellow Cab Company and Yellow Truck and Coach Manufacturing Company, one John Hertz. Hertz bought the company in 1923 and kept Jacobs on as the CEO. In 1927, the Hertz system was sold to General Motors, again, Jacobs stayed on, retiring in 1960 after the operation was sold several more times, to RCA and United Airlines for example. In 1994, Hertz was acquired by Ford, making Hertz the only car rental company to be owned by both GM and Ford at one time or another. (Hertz has been independent since 1997.) Hertz remains the largest player in the fiercely competitive rental market, but it all started with a handful of Model T's, owned by a 22 year old car salesman, in 1918.

http://www.goodlogo.com/images/logos/2538.gif
Jeff Dunham and Walter, "Not Exactly." (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RY5qV47mly4&feature=related)

...in 1928, a woman calling herself Anastasia Tschaikovsky arrived in New York City, claiming to be Anastasia, the youngest daughter of the deposed Czar of Russia. At a press conference, she explained that she was in the United States to to have her jaw reset, after it had been broken by a Bolshevik soldier. She said she narrowly escaped the execution of her family during the revolution. Gleb Botkin, who was the son of the physician to the Romanov family, said that Anastasia Tschaikovsky was, indeed, the daughter of the czar and heir to the giant Romanov fortune. Botkin and the princess were playmates as children, and he was adamant that this woman was his childhood friend. She settled into life in the United States and adopted the name, Anna Anderson.

Czar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate the throne during the "glorious" revolution. He was taken, with his wife Alexandra, their four girls and one son, to Czarskoye Selo palace along with four support staff, including Dr. Botkin. They were then moved to Yekaterinburg in the Urals. In the early morning hours of July 18, 1918, Czar Nicholas, Alexandra and their five children, along with three support staff and Dr. Botkin, were posed as if to be in a photgraph, then shot to death in a hail of submachine gun bullets. Their bodies were burned, then tossed into an abandoned mine shaft. Anastasia Tschaikovsky claimed to have survived the attack and escape, scars on her body supported her claim, but she was unclear about details of the Romanov family. Her knowledge of English, French and Russian were spotty at best, languages which the real princess spoke fluently. Her recurring mental illness and stays in mental institutions were blamed for the lapses in memory.

She fought a long battle to be recognized as the heiress to the Romanov fortune and worked to overthrow the communist government of Russia. The London Evening Standard said that Anatasia, aka Anna Anderson as, "displaying the tireless enthusiasm of the sort which keeps the 'Flat Earth Society' in business." She died in 1984. In 1991, the burial site of the Romanov family was found and the remains were exhumed. It seemed that two bodies were missing, and DNA testing proved that the missing bodies were female. Testing of mitocondrial DNA, which is passed from mother to children virtually unchanged, proved the relationships of the exhumed bodies.

Testing of DNA of Anastasia Tschaikovsky proved, once and for all, that she was not the daughter of the czar. She was actually Franziska Schanzkowska, a Polish-German factory worker from Pomerania who disappeared in a factory explosion in 1916, which accounted for her scars and mental illnesses. A private investigator had made these findings in the 1920s, but it took mtDNA testing to prove his findings, once and for all. (Two more bodies were located in Yekaterinburg in 2007. mtDNA testing of those remains determined that they were, in fact, the missing Anastasia and her sister. The entire Romanov family is now accounted for.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Franziska_Schanzkowska.jpg
Anastasia Manahan Tchaikovsky, aka Anna Anderson,
aka Franziska Schanzkowska (1896-1984)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 15 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1781, at Shallow Ford, North Carolina, 20 members of the North Carolina Militia, under Captain Joseph Graham, followed the British forces under General Charles Cornwallis, who were in pursuit of General Nathanael Greene. Greene and his troops had crossed the Yadkin River on February 3 (See the Morning Update, February 3 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-february-3-2009-a-49181/) for the story.) Greene had crossed the Yadkin with a flotilla of flat-bottomed boats that had been constructed for the purpose of evading the British. Storms has swollen the Yadkin River, making fording impossible for Cornwallis, forcing him to march to Shallow Ford and allowing Greene to escape. Graham, with his 20 men, did not dare engage Cornwallis' army, but he did capture 6 stragglers and killed one Hessian mercenary. Although it is an insignificant victory in terms of the war, it is an indicative of how one small event cascades into other events.

...in 1964, the modern British Invasion began at Kennedy International Airport in New York. The first invaders were John, Paul, George and Ringo - The Beatles. Less than a week earlier, the Fab Four hit #1 on the Billboard charts with I Want to Hold Your Hand. 3,000 screaming fans met the airplane and a near riot erupted when they stepped off the plane. The Beatles, comprised of Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr, John Lennon and George Harrison, appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show (http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/E/htmlE/edsullivans/edsullivans.htm) (a very popular variety show of the 1950s and 1960s) although no one could hear the music for the screaming fans. Sullivan booked them for two more appearances. Two sold-out concerts at Carnegie Hall required special police attention to block off the surrounding streets. The Beatles changed American pop culture overnight. Everything they released went to number one, in fact, in April of 1964, the top five hits on the chart were Beatles records. The group broke up in 1970 with 18 albums and 30 top ten US singles behind them. Lennon was shot to death by a crazed fan in 1980, McCartney was knighted in 1997, Harrison died of cancer in 2001. Ringo Starr still performs and has appeared in several movies and television shows, including playing Mr. Conductor in the first season of PBS children's series Shining Time Station.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/The_Fabs.JPG/220px-The_Fabs.JPG
The Beatles in 1964,
John Lennon, Paul McCartney
George Harrison, Ringo Starr

...in 1904, downtown Baltimore suffered a major fire. A plaque in the area says that no lives were lost in the fire, however, a contemporary newspaper story describes the charred remains of an African-American who may have been the only human to perish in the fire. Prior to 1904, there were no federal standards set for fire fighting equipment. Firefighters from several large cities came to the aid of Baltimore, but they were of little help. None of their hoses would mate up to the Baltimore hydrants. When it was over, the catastrophic fire had consumed more than 1500 buildings in an 80 square block area.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Baltimore_fire_aftermath.jpg/280px-Baltimore_fire_aftermath.jpg
The Remains of Baltimore, after the fire.

...in 1924, Charlie Chaplin appeared for the first time as the "Little Tramp," his signature character, The movie was called Kid Auto Races at Venice. In 1915, the character appeared in The Tramp, considered Chaplin's first masterpiece. The Little Tramp appeared in Easy Street, The Kid, City Lights and the Little Tramp was retired after Chaplin's 1936 masterpiece, Modern Times. Chaplin used the costume from the tramp in Chaplin's first "talkie" released in 1940, The Great Dictator. The film was Chaplin's satirical shot at Adolph Hitler, and even though he used the Little Tramp's costume in the film, he never considered it as a Little Tramp film.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Charlie_Chaplin.jpg/225px-Charlie_Chaplin.jpg
Charlie Chaplin as The Tramp

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 12 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1924, the vice president of Bell Laboratories, in charge of research for the division of Ma Bell that was an amazing think tank, spoke at a meeting in Chicago. The talk was broadcast in Providence, New York, Washington, Oakland and San Francisco. Heard by estimates of up to 50 million listeners, it was the first occurance of a coast-to-coast radio broadcast.

...in 1936, William Crapo "Billy" Durant filed for bankruptcy. Durant was a gambler with vision who, in his own words, envisioned "an empire of cars for every purse and purpose." The high school dropout, grandson of Henry H. Crapo (a governor of Michigan) was a successful carriage builder in Flint, Michigan. He was approached to be the manager of Buick Motors in Flint, which he used to found General Motors in 1908. By selling stock, he was able to raise enough money to buy Oldsmobile and Oakland, which later became Pontiac. He went on to purchase Cadillac and was within inches of buying Ford Motor Company from Henry. In a financial crunch in 1910, he was forced out of GM, and he went into partnership with Louis Chevrolet. He made such a success of Chevrolet that he was able to retake control of GM in 1916, add Chevrolet to the GM family, and continue addition of other parts makers. He founded United Motors and made Alfred P. Sloan into its president. By 1920, Durant was out again and Sloan took over, making GM into the largest automaker in the world. He started Durant Motors in 1921, making the Star and the Locomobile, but the company failed in the depression. He lived until 1947 as the manager of a bowling alley.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/William_Durant.jpg/200px-William_Durant.jpg
William Crapo "Billy" Durant (1861-1947)
Entrepreneur and Gambler

...in 1993, speaking of GM, the automaker sued NBC for rigging two crashes to demonstrate the explosive tendencies of GM pickup trucks. NBC settled the suit the next day.

...in 1943, the Americans secured Guadalcanal, the largest of the Solomon Islands. The Solomon Islands is a chain of 922 islands and atolls, located northeast of Australia. The Japanese had increased their sphere of influence by invading and taking control of many islands in the South Pacific. The American strategy was to take those islands from the Japanese, and by island-hopping, move closer to the ultimate taking of the Japanese home islands. The Japanese had taken Guadalcanal in 1942 and began to build a strategic airfield. On August 7, 1942, the Americans landed on Guadalcanal with the objective of driving the Japanese from the island. Fierce hand-to-hand combat took place on the island while a huge naval battle raged surrounding the island. The "Fighting Sullivans," five brothers from Waterloo, Iowa, perished when the Japanese sunk their ship, the USS Juneau. (A ship would be named in their honor and their story told in a movie.) When the Japanese abandoned the island on this date, the loss accounting was heavy. 1,600 Americans died in the battle, over 4,000 were injured. 24,000 Japanese died at Guadalcanal and both sides lost 24 ships each. The islands gained their independence in 1978.

http://www.guadalcanal.com/images/honiara.jpg
Guadalcanal is a tourism site today, where
people go to dive in the crystal clear waters
and/or visit WWII battle sites.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 24 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1958, Elvis Presley topped the charts with a ballad entitled Don't. It was his ninth single to go to #1 since Heartbreak Hotel went to #1 in 1956. Elvis had 17 top singles in his career, second only to the Beatles for number 1 hits, a record (so to speak) that stands to this day.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/22/ElvisPresley-OneNight.jpg/150px-ElvisPresley-OneNight.jpg
Elvis during his 1968 appearance on NBC

...in 1996, IBM's answer to the line of Cray Research Supercomputers, named Deep Blue, defeated world chess champion Gary Kasparov. Kasparov was born in 1963 in Baku, Azerbaijan, as Garry Weinstein. His Armenian mother and Jewish father presented him with a chess problem, which he solved, at the age of 5. (His father died when he was 7, and he adopted his mother's Aremian name.) He became the Soviet Union's junior chess champion at the age of 13. In 1985, at the age of 22, he became the world's chess champion, defeating Soviet Anatoly Karpov. After being defeated by Deep Blue, Kasparov thought the IBM engineers were cheating. He said the computer had almost human-like moves, leading him to suspect human intervention during the games. It was a claim that IBM denied, but IBM also denied him access to the computer's logs. In addition, IBM studied many of Kasparov's previous games, to learn his style and moves, but IBM denied him the same courtesy of studying Deep Blue's previous game transcripts. (IBM later published the transcripts on the Internet.) Kasparov retired from professional chess in 2005.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Kasparov-2.jpg/200px-Kasparov-2.jpg
Garry Weinstein, later Kasparov, at the age of 11

...in 1846, the Mormons of Nauvoo, Illinois, began their westward migration that resulted in the Mormon settlement of Salt Lake City. The Mormons were under attack - again - being persecuted for their beliefs as they had been in New York, Ohio and Missouri. In fact, Missouri even issued a proclamation, known as the "Extermination Order" that chased the Mormons to their new settlement in Nauvoo, on the east shore of the Mississippi River. Nauvoo was founded in 1839 and by 1845 began to rival Chicago in size. Persecution by non-Mormons in the area began about that same time.

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was founded in New York in 1830 by Joseph Smith, who claimed to be a modern-day prophet of God. Smith's acceptance of polygamy was controversial whereever he and his followers went. He helped form the town of Nauvoo in Illinois after being chased out of Missouri, in hopes that it would be the safe haven for his congregation that had eluded him for so long. Smith and his brother were murdered by an angry mob, which convinced his successor, Bringham Young, that peace was not possible in the United States. He decided to lead the Mormons to the Mexican-controlled Southwest. He had no idea where he was going and had no concept of what life was like in the west. He simply trusted in God and moved west with 1600 followers, and upon seeing the Great Salt Lake Basin declared, "This is the place." By 1877, 100,000 people lived in the basin, most of them Mormons. Young didn't count on the US winning the Mexican-American War, and didn't count on Utah becoming a US Territory. There would be more government intervention, more popular persecution and eventually, the church was forced to abandon its stand on polygamy. Today, it is an urban myth that the LDS church supports polygamy, it does not, and those who continue the practice are not affiliated with the church. (Missouri Executive Order 44, known as the "extermination order" was issued by Governor Lilburn Boggs on October 27, 1838. It said that "...the Mormons must be treated as enemies and must be exterminated or driven out of the state." The Executive Order was not rescinded until June 25, 1976 - 137 years after being issued.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/New_Nauvoo_Temple.JPG/256px-New_Nauvoo_Temple.JPG
The original LDS Temple in Nauvoo
was destroyed by arson and was dismantled
after the exodus. Some years ago, efforts were
made to recover the blocks and rebuild the
temple. This replica of the original temple was
opened in 2002. It stands as a memorial to
Joseph Smith and his followers.

...in 1941, the first Highway Post Office went online between Washington, D.C. and Harrisonburg, Virginia. It was a post office on wheels, built into a large bus. The idea came from the old Railway Post Office (RPO) where mail was sorted and distributed in railroad car that was part of the consist of passenger trains. As RPO cars were being dropped, the Post Office decided to try the HPO concept, and after WWII, 130 routes were established. The HPOs were tied to closely to abandoned RPO routes, so when a Railway Post Office was abolished, the HPO soon followed. The last service, between Cleveland and Cincinnati, was discontinued in 1974.

http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3079/2550290497_34ae34de64.jpg?v=0
President Roosevelt mails a letter at the HPO.
http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3263/2550290119_a09bca632d.jpg?v=0
Post Office clerks sort mail inside the first HPO bus.
http://www.sossi.org/articles/highway2.jpg
First-Run issues are collectibles today.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 19 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1942, the German battleships Gneisenau, Scharnhorst and the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen made what became known as the "Channel Dash." The Gneisenau and Scharnhorst had been anchored in Brest since March of 1941, trapped by a British blockade. The Prinz Eugen had been tied up there since May of 1941, after the Bismarck affair, when it and the Bismarck made their own dash. The Germans wished to free up the three ships, but they had been pinned down by British air and naval forces. Finally, on February 11, the Germans drew British fire on purpose, and the Gneisenau, Scharnhorst and Prinz Eugen used the battle as a smoke screen. They were accompanied by six destroyers and 21 torpedo boats, Weather kept the British air force on the ground and the flotilla was able to make a mad dash up the channel to the safety of German ports. The Brits were embarrassed by the escape, but it didn't really matter much as the Scharnhorst was sunk in December of 1944 and the Gneisenau was destroyed by bombs, still in the harbor, waiting for repairs to be completed. The Prinz Eugen survived but was taken over by the US Navy at the end of the war.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/PE_Atomtest_1.jpg
The Prinz Eugen was awarded to the American navy after
the war. It suffered the inglorious end of being part of the target fleet
of atomic bomb testing at Bikini Atoll. It was scuttled off of Kwajelein after
being deemed too radioactive to repair.

...in 1858, a fourteen year old peasant girl in France, Marie-Bernade Soubirous, saw the Virgin Mary. The mother of Jesus appeared to the girl 18 times of the year at a rock grotto near Lourdes. Marie explained that the Virgin Mary appeared to her as the Immaculate Conception, told her to build a chappel at the site and to drink of the waters. Marie had to dig to find the water, which no one had known was there. Skeptics in the church questioned her mercilessly and refused to accept descriptions of her visions. Still, she was allowed to enter the convent of Notre-Dame de Nevers, where she spent the rest of her life in seclusion. She died at the age to 35. In 1933, Marie-Bernade Soubirous was canonized as St. Bernadette. Today, millions of pilgrims come to the shrine at Lourdes to partake of the waters.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Bernadette_Soubirous.png
St. Bernadette Soubirous

...in 1951, the Fabulous Hudson Hornet set the auto world on its ear when, driven by Marshall Teague, won the 160 mile Daytona Grand National. In 1948, Hudson introduced the "step down" design, still used by all automakers today, that provided a low center of gravity and better handling than anything else coming out of Detroit. The Hornet became such a dominant car on the race circuit that executives threw themselves in behind it, providing the racers with whatever they needed. The Big 3 saw losses at the track as losses in the showroom, and also threw themselves behind their racing teams. The Hornet dominated NASCAR for three years until rules changes favored horsepower over handling. Teague and the great car were immortalized as Doc Hudson in the Pixar movie Cars, played by the late Paul Newman.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/marshall_teague03.jpg
Marshall Teague lead the pack on Daytona Beach in the
Fabulous Hudson Hornet. Teague died in 1959 attempting to
set a new speed record at the Daytona Raceway, before the
first Daytona 500.

...in 1945, the conference at Malta came to an end, with President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and his daughter, Anna, began the journey home. FDR was in declining health, but with the end of WWII in sight, the Big 3 (Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill) met in Yalta to discuss strategy and borders at the end of the war. Roosevelt has always traveled with Eleanor prior to this meeting, but she always attracted too much attention. The Yalta conference was supposed to be secret, so FDR left Eleanor at home and invited Anna. She acted as his personal assistant and cared for his health. Churchill's personal physician recognized Roosevelt's declining health and arteriosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries. FDR would die of a stroke just two months later.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Yalta_summit_1945_with_Churchill%2C_Roosevelt%2C_S talin.jpg/180px-Yalta_summit_1945_with_Churchill%2C_Roosevelt%2C_S talin.jpg
The Big 3 at Yalta, Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Roosevelt_in_a_wheelchair.jpg/140px-Roosevelt_in_a_wheelchair.jpg
Roosevelt and Friend, with Fala, his faithful
Scottish Terrier on his lap. This is one of the very few
extant photographs of FDR in a wheelchair.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST, February 11, 2009.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 20 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1809, Abraham Lincoln was born in Hodgenville, Kentucky. He was a member of a poor farming family that moved from Kentucky to Indiana to Illinois. He only attended school for one year but continued to read and educate himself. He was a surveyor, postmaster, shopkeeper and an attorney before entering politics. He served in the Illinois legislature from 1834 to '36, and in 1842 he married Mary Todd. They raised four boys. In the 1850's, when the country was entering a period of great turmoil, Lincoln re-entered politics. He was the leader of the newly formed Republican Party, and although he detested slavery, he also knew an anti-slavery platform would never win an election. In the 1858 Senatorial campaign, he made his famous statement that "...a house divided cannot stand." He did not win the seat but rose to national prominance, setting the stage for the 1860 presidential election. Although he won the election, the southern states immediately began to secede from the union, even before he was inaugurated. By February 1, 1861, the Confederate states had seceded from the Union. The Civil War began shortly after. Lincoln is one of America's most respected presidents, known for his pure strength and a dry wit. When one of his more lethargic generals suffered defeat after defeat, Lincoln remarked, "...if you are not using the army, I should like to borrow it for awhile." He is remembered as "The Great Emancipator" although many supporters of slavery considered him a despot. At Ford's Theater on April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth, an actor in the company of the play that night, assassinated Lincoln. Lincoln died at 7:22 PM on April 15. Lincoln was so revered that for decades, his name was assigned to many memorials. America's first coast-to-coast paved highway was named in his honor, the Lincoln Highway, almost 50 years after his death.

Booth, meanwhile, was part of a wider conspiracy to assassinate Lincoln, Vice-President Andrew Johnson and Secretary of State William Seward. The plan was to throw the country into turmoil, thereby allowing the conspirators to step in and take over the government. The plan fell apart when his co-conspirators failed to carry out their assassinations. He inspired the derisive term, "bad actor" to describe anything causing damage or trouble.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Abraham_Lincoln_half_length_seated%2C_April_10%2C_ 1865.jpg/200px-Abraham_Lincoln_half_length_seated%2C_April_10%2C_ 1865.jpg
Abraham Lincoln, February 5, 1865
Portrait by Alexander Gardner

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 45 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1633, Galileo Galilei arrived in Rome, where he faced charges of heresy, because he promoted the Copernican Theory that the earth revoloves around the sun. The Roman Catholic Church taught the geocentric view that the earth is the center of the universe, therefore the Copernican Theory was contrary to church doctrine. Galileo faced the Roman Inquisition, the church's judicial system that regulated church doctrine. One of their tasks was to ban books that were contrary to church teachings and to prosecute heretics, which it also sought out. Galileo was born in 1564 and entered the University of Pisa to study medicine, but changed his studies to mathematics. His famous demonstration on the Leaning Tower of Pisa proved that the speed of falling objects is not related to their mass. While teaching math at the University of Padua, he built a telescope and observed the moons of Jupiter and discovered the Milky Way was really stars. He became an advocate of Nicolae Copernicus, the Polish astronomer. Rather than face a messy comfinement, Galileo struck a deal with the Inquisition and lived out his life under house arrest. Today, he is widely recognized for his study of motion and astronomy. He also greatly influenced Sir Isaac Newton, the father of modern physics. In 1992, the Catholic Church acknowleged its mistake of persecuting Galileo.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg/225px-Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

...in 1953, William C. Mack passed away at the age of 94. With his brothers, Augustus F. and Jack Mack, the Mack Brothers purchased the Fallsen & Berry Wagon factory in Brooklyn, New York in 1890. They began to experiment with adding an engine to their wagons, and in 1900, they built a bus for a Brooklyn sightseeing company. It served as a bus for eight years when it was converted to a truck. It racked up over 1,000,000 miles, the first of a long line of such vehicles. The reputation for building tough, long lasting vehicles, became part of the lexicon in the form of "...built like a Mack truck."

http://www.macktrucks.com/assets/mack/smartway_full_truck.jpg http://www.macktrucks.com/assets/mack/history/1916.jpg
Today's Mack Truck has come a long way from the solid-rubber tire, chain drive Macks from Brooklyn.

...in 1991, a hand-edited manuscript of Huckleberry Finn turned up after having been missing for more than 100 years. The manuscript was the first half of the first version of Mark Twain's novel, heavily edited with Twain's own handwriting. The manuscript surfaced when...follow along closely now...a 62 year old librarian from Los Angeles was sorting papers in a trunk that were sent to her when an aunt, from New York, passed away. The librarian's grandfather, James Gluck, had asked Twain for the manuscript for the Buffalo and Erie Library. (Gluck was a Buffalo lawyer and collector who solicited many manuscripts for the library. The second half of the Clemens manuscript was in the library, this half was missing.) Once the manuscript surfaced in 1991, the squabbling began over who had rights to it, Gluck's granddaughters, the library or the Mark Twain Papers Project in Berkeley. In 1995, Random House published the novel (there was unpublished material in the manuscript) with the rights held by all three players. The Buffalo Library eventually proved ownership of the manuscript and it now resides, with its other half, in the special collections area of the library. Thanks to Gluck, the collection includes original manuscripts by John Dryden, John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Edgar Allan Poe, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Thomas De Quincey, Charles Lamb, Charles Dickens, William Wordsworth, Henry James Thoreau, James Russell Lowell, Nathaniel Hawthorne. Louisa May Alcott and Walt Whitman.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Huckleberry-finn-with-rabbit.jpg/180px-Huckleberry-finn-with-rabbit.jpg
Huckelberry Finn, as drawn by E.W. Kemble

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Happy St. Valentine's Day! There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 35 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 278, the legend tells us, during the reign of Emporer Claudius II ("Claudius the Cruel") the army of Rome was involved in any number of unpopular wars. Claudius was having a difficult time finding recruits, he thought it was because young men were getting married and wanted to stay with their wives and families. To prevent this, he forbade marriage. A priest by the name of Valentine, defied Claudius and performed marriages, anyway, and Valentine was sumarily arrested. He was sentenced to death by beating with clubs, followed by beheading, which was carried out on February 14. The legend also says Valentine wrote a farewell letter to his jailer's daughter, signing it, "From your Valentine," and a tradition was started. The truth is, well, no one knows for sure. Several martyred priests with the name of Valentine fit the bill, and the church also wished to eliminate a pagen ritual, the Feast of Lupercalia, a not so wonderful fertility rite that was performed on February 14. (Lupa was the she-wolf who suckled Romulus and Remus, the founders of Rome.) In 496, Pope Gelasius declared an end to the Feast of Lupercalia and decreed that February 14 be celebrated as St. Valentine's Day.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Antique_Valentine_05.jpg/250px-Antique_Valentine_05.jpg

...in 1929, four gunman, dressed in police uniforms, murdered seven members of the George "Bugsy" Moran North Side Gang in a garage on north Clark Street. The shooters were thought to be in the employ of Al Capone. The St. Valentine's Day Massacre ignited a firestorm of outrage that caused the federal government to step up their campaign against Capone. Alphonse Capone was from Brooklyn, where he dropped out of school in the seventh grade and joined a gang. He was in a nightclub brawl where his face was slashed, earning the nickname, "Scarface." In 1917, Capone got married, moved to Baltimore and tried to go straight. His friend, Johnny Torrio, lured him to Chicago where he worked his way up in Torrio's bootlegging business. Bugs Moran shot Torrio four times, but he lived, only to be incarcerated for running a speakeasy. He retired and turned the business over to Capone, who never forgot his mentor nor what had happened to him. Capone was in Florida when Moran was on his way to make an alcohol buy. He ran late, and as he approached the site of the transaction, a garage, he saw the uniformed men and turned away, thinking he had avoided a raid. The Moran gang, meanwhile, thought it was a raid and lined up for a routine arrest, only to be gunned down in a hail of machine gun fire. Moran missed Capone's assassination attempt, while his seven men perished. Capone had an air-tight alibi, but everyone knew he was behind the hit. The Treasury Department, using Eliot Ness and The Untouchables, built a case against Capone and convicted him of income tax evasion.

http://www.mysterynet.com/images/mn/massacre.photo.jpg
The Chicago Police re-enact the scene.

...in 1779, Captain James Cook, the English navigator and explorer, was murdered by native Hawaiians on his third trip to what was then known as the Sandwich Islands.

Well, lest you think historical St. Valentine's Day has a lot to do with violence and death and little to do with making love...

...in 1929, Sir Alexander Fleming published the announcement of his discovery of penicillin. In September of 1928, the young bacteriologist discovered a certain mold that killed a plate of staphylococcus bacteria. He identified the mold as penicillium notatum, much like the stuff you see on old bread. On February 14, 1929, he introduced his product - penicillin - to cure bacterial infections. What does penicillin have to do with love? Think about it.

...in 1948, the first event of its kind was held on Daytona Beach, Florida. The event was held on a a 3.2 mile track that was right on the beach - the first NASCAR race. Red Byron edged out Marshall Teague to be the first NASCAR champion in a race that was almost all pre-war Fords. By 1949, the hottest car on the track was the Oldsmobile 88, until the Hudson Hornet came along in 1951. Nuthin' says, "I love you" like more horsepower.

But in the spirit of true love conquering all...

...in 1988, at the Winter Olympics in Calgary, West Allis, Wisconsin native and speed skater, Dan Jansen, fell in the 500 Meter race. Jansen was the favorite to win the Gold Medal, fresh off his victory in the World Sprint Championship a week earlier. Before the race, Jansen learned that his sister, Jane, had lost her battle with leukemia just hours before. Jansen fell again in the 1000 Meter race seconds after a record-setting start. In 1992, he finished out of the medals in the Albertville Olympics and it seemed his quest for Olympic gold was over. In 1994, however, he won the World Sprint Championship again. In a pleasant twist of fate, the International Olympic Committee decided to move the Winter Olympiad ahead two years, so the Winter and Summer Olympic games would no longer be held the same year. Beginning in 1994, the Olympics would be held every two years, Winter and Summer alternating. Dan Jansen went to Lillehammer, Norway in 1994 and finished a disappointing 8th in the 500 Meters. He struck Gold, however, in the 1000 Meters by setting a world record time of 1:12:43. In a memorable Olympic moment, Jansen took a victory lap with his daughter, Jane, who was named for her aunt.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/040629jansen.jpg
Dan and Jane Jansen take a
victory lap in Lillehammer, Norway.
Jane was named for her Aunt Jane,
who lost her battle with leukemia in
1988. AP photo used under the "Fair Use" provision of
the copyright law, for educational purposes only.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 2 c candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1898, the US Navy battleship Maine exploded in Havana harbor, killing 260 American sailors from the crew of 400. The explosion was of an undetermined origin, and a navy board of inquiry determined that the Maine was blown up by a mine, without placing blame. Congress and most Americans were convinced the mine was planted by Spain and a declaration of war soon followed with the battle cry, "Remember the Maine!". Failure to reach a diplomatic solution resulted in the Spanish-American war that began in April. It only took three months for the Americans to totally dominate the Spanish, and the treaty of Paris was signed on December 12. The Spanish ceded Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines. Another team of investigators in 1976, determined the explosion was caused by a fire in the ammunition hold, and not from a mine.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/USSMaine.jpg
The wreck of the USS Maine in Havana harbor.

...in 1967, J. Frank Duryea, who with his brother, Charles, founded Duryea Motor Wagon works, passed away in Old Saybrook, Connecticut at the ripe old age of 97. The company was founded in 1895 and is considered to be the first American automobile manufacturer.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Duryeaauto.gif
The Duryea Automobile

...in 1965, a new Canadian flag was adopted. When Canada became a self-governing federation within the British Empire, the Red Ensign was adopted as the flag. It was a solid red flag with the Union Jack occupying the upper-left corner and a crest on the right side. The search for a new flag, one that would better represent an independent nation, began in 1925, but it took four decades to find the right design. The Maple Leaf design is one of the most recognizable flags in the world.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Canada_flag_halifax_9_-04.JPG/180px-Canada_flag_halifax_9_-04.JPG

...in 1903, the first Teddy bear went on display in the window of a toy store owned by Morris Michtom. The story behind the invention is blurred with several different versions to it, but most center around a Roosevelt hunting trip to Mississippi that was set up by Governor Andrew Longino. The legend says that Roosevelt's entourage surrounded a black bear, beat it with clubs and tied it to a tree. Roosevelt refused to shoot the bear, because it "...wouldn't be sporting." He did, however, say the bear should be euthanized. A political cartoon by Clifford Berryman appeared in The Washington Post that depicted the event. Each succeeding cartoon made the bear smaller and cuter. Morris Michtom asked President Roosevelt for permission to use his nickname, Teddy, which was granted. He founded the Ideal Novelty and Toy Company (it closed in 1982) and the "Teddy Bear" quickly became a childhood institution. At the same time, Richard Steiff designed a small, stuffed bear in Germany, unaware of the Roosevelt legend. 3000 of the Steiff bears were imported to the United States in 1903, and the craze grew. Ladies carried Teddy Bears everywhere, photographers posed children with them and Roosevelt, himself, used the Teddy Bear as his campaign mascot in his bid for re-election. John Bratton wrote a tune called The Teddy Bear Two-step and when lyrics by Jimmy Kennedy were added to it, became the popular tune Teddy Bear's Picnic.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/TheodoreRooseveltTeddyBear.jpg/250px-TheodoreRooseveltTeddyBear.jpg
A 1902 cartoon spawned the Teddy Bear craze.

http://www.teddybearandfriends.com/archive/articles/images/history03.jpg
This Steiff Bear was made about 1908
and is in the collection of artist Audie Sison.
For more about Teddy Bears, see the website of
Teddy Bear and Friends (http://www.teddybearandfriends.com/archive/articles/history.html).

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

If you're just hovering over the thread title and not opening this thread, you're missing out on some great stuff everyday! Meanwhile, there actually were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 21 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1878, the Bland-Allison Act was signed into law. (Pay attention to this entry - those who are ignorant of the lessons of history are doomed to relive it.) The new law provided for the US Government to return to the minting of silver coins, which had been outlawed in 1873. The banning of silver coin minting was a controversial issue in the 1870's which might not make sense to us today. Today, US currency is backed by, well, nothing, except the good will of the people and belief in the stability of the government. In the 19th Century, however, currency was backed up by precious metals, with silver and gold being the top choice. (The government reserves of gold are still kept in a vault in Fort Knox, Kentucky.) The "bimetallic standard" meant that paper money was backed by gold deposits and silver was used to mint coins. In 1873, the United States decided to follow the world standard of no longer using precious metals in coinage, silver was a relatively scarce commodity to be using in currency. When the government stopped buying silver, the price fell, hurting mining interests and populist opinion was that money was scarce because of the act, commonly known as the "Crime of '73." A grass roots movement swept the nation to restore the metallic currency standard. Many people believed in a mystical power of silver to restore the sagging economy. Congressman Richard Bland (Democrat -Missouri) lead the movement, earning the nickname, "Silver Dick" and the bill was co-sponsored by William Allison (Republican - Iowa.) As you might expect, the act did little to restore the economy, it simply meant Americans could use silver coins again. The economy continued to sag and it failed to appease the radical metal backers, as a result, the battle over precious metals in currency continued well into the 20th Century. In fact, Bland ran for the presidency in 1896, losing the Democrat nomination to William Jennings Bryan. He threw his support behind Bryan, who used the gold standard as the basis of his failed attempts to win the White House.

http://www.coinfacts.com/silver_dollars/morgan_dollars/1878_morgan_dollars/1878cc_morgan_dollar_obv.jpg

...in 1959, Fidel Castro was sworn in as the prime minister of Cuba after the successful coup d'etat that ousted dictator Fulgencio Bastista.

...in 1852, Henry and Clement Studebaker opened their blacksmith shop in South Bend, Indiana. It eventually became The Studebaker Brothers Manufacturing Company, the world's largest maker of horse drawn carriages. They built luxury carriages for Presidents as well as wagons for the lowest tasks. When the internal combustion engine began to replace the horse, the Studebakers began to build automobiles, which they did until 1966. Although the company is long gone, parts of the Studebaker empire are still in busines.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Lincoln%20Highway/BendixWoods.jpg
The Studebaker family planted pine trees at the proving grounds. As you can see from
this satellite photo, the name can clearly be seen from space. While no Studebaker autos
have been produced since 1966, parts of the manufacturing empire are still in operation and
the family name lives on.

...in 1804, an attack that Admiral Horatio Nelson called "The most daring act of the age," took place in Tripoli Harbor, in today's Libya. The attack was led by US Lieutenant Stephan Decatur, the first American war hero that was not a part of the Revolution. In 1801, tired of Barbary Coast pirates raiding American ships where treasure and sailors were shanghaied, President Thomas Jefferson ordered American forces to the Barbary states of Moroco, Algeria, Tunis and Tripolitania. After a couple of years of minor skirmishes, prolonged confrontations began, but the frigate USS Philadelphia ran aground and was captured by Tripolitan gunboats. The Americans feared that the pirates would use the advanced design of the ship to make better ships, costing a military advantage. Decatur dressed his crew of 74 as Maltese sailors, including nine marines. They sailed into Tripoli harbor on a small, two masted ship and approached the Philadelphia without any response from the Tripolitans. Decatur boarded the Philadelphia, attacked the Tripolitan crew and captured or killed all but two. He set fire to the Philadelphia then slipped out of the harbor without and American loss of life. The Philadelphia exploded when the fire reached the gunpowder hold. Decatur became a national hero. He appeared on the 1886 $20 bill (a Silver Certificate, actually) and several cities (and counties) have been named for him in Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Texas, Georgia, Iowa, Kansas, Tennessee and Missouri, along with many schools.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/StephenDecatur.jpeg
Stephan Decatur (1798-1820)

That's it. That's all we know as of 4:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 48 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1934, State College High School, in State College, Pennsylvania, became the first high school to offer a drivers' education class, offering both classroom and road training. Graduates of the course were granted Pennsylvania drivers' licenses.

...in 1820, The Senate passed the Missouri Compromise, an important attempt to deal with the expansion of slavery into the western territories. The United States was expanding to the west. Southern slave owners, eager to replicate the antebellum plantation system, wanted to keep new western states open to slavery. Abolitionists, mostly from nothern, more industrialized states wanted to curtail the expansion of slavery, hoping it would simply die out if confined to the southern states that already were part of the practice. Both sides realized the importance of legislative power that could come from new states, so the battle raged on. In 1818, Missouri petitioned to enter the union as a slave state. A New York congressman introduced an amendment to the Missouri constitution that banned importation of new slaves and required emancipation of extant slaves. Of course, southern representatives were outraged and the future of slavery became a national issue. As the debate became more bitter, southern states began to talk about secession and a civil war. Congressmen began to discuss a compromise. The Missouri Compromise allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state with Maine entering as a free state. In addition, it spelled out a limitation of slavery in the west, dictating that states coming from Louisiana Territory and north of the latitude of the northern boundary of Arkansas were to be free states. The compromise calmed nerves, but only for a short while. The battle raged on, especially over Texas, Kansas and Nebraska, and the Missouri Compromise was repealed by the Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854. Just 40 years after the compromise, the debate would erupt in a bitter and costly civil war.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/US_Slave_Free_1789-1861.gif
The expansion of the United States leading up to the Missouri Compromise and the Civil War.

...in 1911, the first electric starter was installed in a Cadillac. The invention of the starter was by GM engineers Clyde Coleman and Charles Kettering. Kettering had founded Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company (DELCO) that would be acquired by GM. Kettering made many automotive improvements, including laquer finishes, electrical systems, lighting and leaded gasoline. Kettering also invented the electric cash register while he was working for NCR in Dayton, Ohio.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/charles_kettering.jpg
Charles Kettering with the
first electric starter.

...in 1904, Giacomo Puccini's opera, Madama Butterfly (Madame Butterfly) opened in Milan at La Scala. The opera premiered in two acts, and was a disaster. The crowd booed and jeered the stage, and Puccini withdrew the opera after one night. He reworked it into three acts and the second version opened on May 28. He wrote a third version for the Metropolitan Opera in New York, and eventually, the fifth version (known as the "Standard Version") became the most commonly performed version. The opera revolves around a US Navy officer who marries a Geisha, then abandons her. The story was based on a short story by John Luther Long, based on events that took place in Nagasaki in the mid 1890s. Puccini was taken with the strength of the female lead, a Geisha who lived in Nagasaki and today, a statue in Nagasaki commemorates Puccini and Madama Butterfly. The beloved opera was just one of Puccini's favorites, including Turandot and Tosca. Puccini's La Bohème is one of the most beloved operas of all time. Puccini died in 1906, before Turandot was completed. (Interesting trivia, a 1922 film, in color, called The Toll of the Sea was based on the Madama Butterfly story, but set in China. It was the second two-color Technicolor motion picture ever released and the first film made using Technicolor Process 2. The restored film is available on DVD.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Hohenstein_Madama_Butterfly.jpg/250px-Hohenstein_Madama_Butterfly.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 33 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1885, Mark Twain published his masterpiece, the controversial novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Samuel Clemens, using the nom de plume Mark Twain, introduced Huck as the best friend of Tom in the immensely popular The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, published in 1876. Twain himself thought of Huckleberry Finn as the sequel to Tom Sawyer but the new novel was far more serious and took on major issues of the day, the end of slavery, racism and institutions of the antebellum south. The plot evolves around two runaways, Huck from his father's beatings and Jim from his master, because he was about to be sold away from his family. Huck is determined to get his friend to Ohio and freedom. The book looks at racism and religion in a satirical way, with African Americans portrayed as generous and wise while most of the whites are portrayed as stupid and violent. Huck questions the values and unjust nature of society in general. The book was banned in a Concord, Massachusetts library for being tawdry and called its narrative voice as crude and ignorant. Other libraries followed suit and the controversy continues to this day. (Most critics focus on the use of a certain word and, as is often the case, the strongest critics have never even read the book.) It continues to be popular with young readers, and has inspired many a youthful adventurer to attempt to build a raft. Ernest Hemingway proclaimed that Huckleberry Finn was the beginning of American literature and said, "There was nothing before. There has been nothing as good since."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Mark_Twain%2C_Brady-Handy_photo_portrait%2C_Feb_7%2C_1871%2C_cropped.j pg/200px-Mark_Twain%2C_Brady-Handy_photo_portrait%2C_Feb_7%2C_1871%2C_cropped.j pg
Samuel Langhorne Clemens in 1871 in
a photo by Matthew Brady. Clemens is
better known by his pen name, Mark Twain.

...in 1930, the ninth planet, Pluto, was discovered by Clyde W. Tombaugh at the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona. The existence of an undiscovered planet was proposed by the namesake of the observatory, Percival Lowell, who theorized that wobble in the orbits of Uranus and Neptune were caused by the gravitational pull of another celestial body. He searched for a decade with no results. Tombaugh, using Lowell's calculations and a new observational technique involving photographic plates, Pluto was uncovered on February 18. It was announced to the public on March 13, Lowell's birthday. In 1978, James Christy and Robert Harrington discovered that Pluto has a moon, or at least one moon, that is about half the size of Pluto itself. However, in 2006, members of the International Astronomical Union announced that Pluto has an oblong orbit that crosses the orbit of Neptune, and therefore, cannot be a planet. (That sounds to me like a bunch of vindictive high schoolers, jealous that they didn't discover the planet or its moon. Saying that Pluto isn't a planet because it crosses the orbit of another planet is like saying a Volkswagen isn't a car because the engine is in the rear.)

http://www.solarviews.com/thumb/pluto/plutonor.gif
Pluto and its moon, Charon.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/PlutoCartoon1-1.jpg
Pluto thinks the IAU is Goofy.

...in 1878, the cold-blooded murder of New Mexico rancher John Tunstall set off what would become known as the Lincoln County War. Tunstall, an English immigrant, set up a large ranching operation in New Mexico's Lincoln County in 1876. He was unfortunate to start his business in the middle of an intense rivalry for political and economic control of the region. J.J. Dolan and L.G. Murphy owned a general store called The House, and it controlled all the beef contracts with the US Government, which meant all the ranchers had to go through their virtual monopoly. The big ranchers, led by Tunstall, Alexander McSween and John Chisum wanted to negotiate their own contracts and began to challenge The House. Tunstall started a competing general store in Lincoln, making Dolan and Murphy his sworn enemies. Tunstall hired gunslingers for protection, including a young man using the alias William Bonney. Through legal wrangling, The House was able to get a warrant for Tunstall and sent a posse for him. A man named William Morton pulled a gun and shot Tunstall in the head with William Bonney as a witness. He was incensed at the murder of his boss, and be began a vendetta that resulted in his nickname and reputation as Billy the Kid. The fighting continued into 1884 with most of the major players shot and killed. When John Chisum died of natural causes in December 1884, the war wound down and The House took control of the county, anyway. The net result of the war was a number of major players were shot and killed and it fostered a great deal of mistrust of everyone. (John Chisum was played by John Wayne in the largely fictionalized 1970 movie about the Lincoln County War, entitled Chisum. The 1988 Emilio Estevez film Young Guns was another version of the war, none of the films ever made about the Lincoln County War are accurate tellings of the events during the bloody conflict.)

http://www.legendsofamerica.com/photos-NM-Misc/JohnTunstall.jpg
John Tunstall

...in 1929, the very first Academy Awards were announced. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was founded in 1927 and announced the first recipients of Academy Awards on February 18. The back page of the academy's newsletter listed the award winners, they were also listed in Variety, the newspaper of the industry, a few days after the announcement. The films were made in 1927 and 1928, and award winners included such household names as Wings for Best Picture, Janice Gaynor as Best Actress and Emil Jennings as Best Actor. The winners were presented with gold statuettes that were unnamed. In 1931, academy Executive Secretary Margaret Herrick remarked that the statue "...resembles my Uncle Oscar" and a lifelong term was coined. Time Magazine reporter Qiang Skolsky was present when she made the remark and reported it in his column. The official title of the statue is Academy Award of Merit and both that title, and Oscar are registered trademarks of the Academy and are fiercely protected.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/dd/Oscar_statuette.jpg
The Academy Award of Merit® has not changed,
except for the base, from its design in 1929.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 6 ccandles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1878, Thomas Edison received a patent for the phonograph. The machine used tin cylinders to record sounds, played back through a needle. While a French scientist, Charles Cross, conceived of a phonograph and actually wrote a paper about the device, Edison was the first to build a working model. Always the pragmatic inventor, Edison forsaw his device for several uses, like dictation, the reading of books for the visually impared, education, family records, music boxes and toys, talking clocks, audible preservation of language, telephone messages and call recording and, oh yes, music.

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/edhtml/phono1.jpg

...in 1942, President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 and thus began one of the most shameful episodes in American history. The order called for the removal of any or all people from military areas as deemed necessary or desirable. In turn, the military defined the area as the entire west coast. More than 110,000 Americans of Japanese ancestry or Japanese nationals, in the country legally, were removed from their homes and moved to interment camps at several remote locations. (At least 62% were American citizens.) For the next nearly three years, these Americans endured rotten conditions and indifferent treatment by their guards. Their ordeal ended on December 17, 1944 when Major General Henry C. Pratt issued Proclamation No. 21, declaring that "evacuees" could return to their homes in January, 1945. Many members of the US Army 442nd Regimental Combat Team were Japanese Americans, and they fought with distinction in the European Theater. Many of these soldiers had family back home, interred in a camp. During the course of WWII, there were 10 Americans convicted of spying for Japan. None of them were of Japanese ancestry. In 1988, President Ronald Reagan signed a bill giving each surviving internee $20,000 and an apology.

http://parentseyes.arizona.edu/wracamps/images/buttecamp-220.jpg
Butte WRA camp in Arizona. (http://parentseyes.arizona.edu/wracamps/) The
photo was taken by the Wartime
Relocation Authority and is owned
by the National Archives. It is
reproduced here for educational
purposes only. Click on the photo
to read more about the interment camps.

...in 1945, at 2:00 AM, 16-inch guns aboard the USS West Virginia, the USS Washington and the USS North Carolina opened fire on a crummy island, comprised of volcanic rock, called Iwo Jima. It was the opening salvo against the Japanese held island, a stragic piece of rock about halfway between American forces and Tokyo. It was the first American landing on a Japanese home island, and the defenders, although doomed to failure, fought with great tenancity. The battle would continue until March 26, 1945, and would be the bloodiest Pacific Theater battle of the war.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/37mm_Gun_fires_against_cave_positions_at_Iwo_Jima. jpg/300px-37mm_Gun_fires_against_cave_positions_at_Iwo_Jima. jpg
Marines fire a 37mm gun into the north face of
Mount Suribachi, later the site of the famous
raising of the American Flag.

...in 1847, the first of the rescue parties from Sutter's Fort reached the stranded Donner Party on the shores of what is now called Donner Lake, high in the Sierra Nevada. As you may recall from the update on August 3 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index261.html#post520468) or from February 2 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index271.html#post611658) that the Donner Party was doomed when they left Fort Bridger. Instead of following the tried and true route, they elected to follow the Hastings Cutoff, a shortcut promoted by Lansford Hastings. Hastings looked at a map and saw a route that was hundreds of miles shorter than the popular route, so he wrote a book about it and promoted the new, shorter route. He never followed it himself, if he had, he would have known it crossed the Great Salt Desert and was all but impassible. It put the Donner Party well behind the prescribed time to clear the Sierra Nevada before Winter. Their fateful error was to stop for a day to rest their animals, and as a result, they were trapped in the pass by an early snowstorm. It was the first snowstorm in what would be one of the worst winters ever recorded in California. Volunteers left the pass to try to get to Sutter's Fort to bring back help, and the first of the rescue teams left Sutter's Fort on January 31 and arrived on February 19. The men yelled out a hello, and a head appeared at the snow line. A woman asked, "Are you from California or are you from Heaven?" One rescuer, recording the events, journaled that the "...rescuer's hallo had been Gabriel's horn raising the dead from their graves." The rescuers feed the starving emigrants and began the evacuation. When the second relief arrived in March, they found that some of the 31 remaining survivors had been eating the dead. The last survivor of the Donner Party was rescued on March 31. Of the 87 pioneers, 48 survived. Two Native Americans, who were part of the relief from Sutter's Fort, became trapped and died, bringing the death toll to 41.


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Donner_Pass_Track_1_Grade.jpg/225px-Donner_Pass_Track_1_Grade.jpg
Donner Pass today. In the distance, Donner
Lake. On the right is the original Central Pacific
crossing over the pass. That's not a tunnel, it's a
man-made structure called a snow shed. To the left of
the tracks, down the grade, is the original Donner Lake
Wagon Road, later the Lincoln Highway (http://www.lincolnhighwayassoc.org/). The current
road can be seen exiting the photo to the lower left.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Lincoln%20Highway/getimage-idxviewidLHC0093cclinchigh.jpg
The Dutch Flat & Donner Lake Wagon Road became the Lincoln Highway in 1913. That's the Central Pacific Railroad, on the right.
The photo was probably taken by Lincoln Highway Association Field Secretary Gael Hoag, on one of his four annual trips coast-to-coast
on the Lincoln Highway. The photo is circa 1923 and is courtesy of the Special Collections of the University of Michigan Library.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 18 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1962, Lieutenant Colonel John Glenn was launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida aboard the Project Mercury space capsule, Friendship 7, on his way to making the first orbital space flight by an American. Glenn was not the first, in fact, Russian Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin was the first man in space and the first to orbit the earth in 1961. Glenn's mission was the third American manned space flight, Alan Shepard, Jr. and Virgil "Gus" Grissom made sub-orbital flights and Russian Cosmonaut Gherman Titov made a record-setting 17 orbit flight and stayed in space for 25 hours. Glenn's launch was watched by millions on television - this reporter remembers every kid in his school glued to a television set in their own or in another classroom. Glenn became a national hero, and as a result, NASA grounded him, rather than risk the death of an icon on future missions. Frustrated with a lack of flying time, he left NASA and went into politics. After serving four terms as a Senator from Ohio, NASA finally re-certified him for space flight, and at 77, he became the oldest person to fly in space, as a payload specialist aboard the shuttle Discovery.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Launch_of_Friendship_7_-_GPN-2000-000686.jpg/250px-Launch_of_Friendship_7_-_GPN-2000-000686.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mercury_6%2C_John_H_Glenn_Jr.jpg/200px-Mercury_6%2C_John_H_Glenn_Jr.jpg
Left: The Launch of Friendship 7. Right: John Herschel Glenn, Jr.


...in 1972, the death of Walter Winchell brought an end to a radio and newspaper career that was admired or reviled, depending on which end of Winchell's poison pen you were on. He began as a Vaudeville performer but in 1922, he began to write for the Vaudeville News. In 1929, he began to write a gossip column for the New York Daily Mirror and in 1930, he began a radio version of his newspaper gossip column. He had a radio style that was all his own, a rapid-fire reader of his material and he was once clocked delivering his news at 215 words per minute. His witty and juicey style was popular and he started every broadcast with "Good evening, Mr. and Mrs. North and South America and all the ships at sea. Let's go to press!" He played himself in several films and was characterized in many others. There is speculation that in the movie Laura, a character named Waldo Lydecker was inspired by Winchell, played by Clifton Webb. Winchell's reporting was very popular but was called yellow journalism by his critics. His career began to fade in the 1950s as television took over from radio. If ya can't lick 'em, join 'em, and his last major employment was as the narrator for the television series The Untouchables. Winchell had thrown his support behind Senator Joe McCarthy's Communist witch hunt which didn't help his career any, and when he died, it was reported that the only person to attend his funeral was his daughter.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2f/WalterWinchell.jpg/220px-WalterWinchell.jpg
Winchell broadcasts from the Eisenhower
Inauguration on January 23, 1952.

...in 1972, plans to dig a tunnel between France and England were announced. Dreams of digging a tunnel beneath the English Channel date back to at least 1802 when Napoleon drew plans for a tunnel. France and Britain took advantage of new tunneling technology to actually tackle the monumental task. Huge machines set out from each shore of the channel and met in the middle on December 1 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index267.html#post585780) 1990. (Click on the link to see the update that describes the Chunnel.) The Chunnel went online in 1994.

...in 1942, Lieutenant Commander Edward Henry "Butch" O'Hare became the first American Ace of WWII. O'Hare took off from the carrier Lexington to make a surprise raid on Japanese forces at Rabaul but instead, became an ace in one mission. Most people know that the American strategy in the Pacific was to "island hop" and secure island after island, moving ever closer to the Japanese home islands. Conversely, the Japanese strategy to expand their empire was to island hop, taking island after island, expanding the sphere of influence into the Pacific. The Japanese had taken the island of New Britain and built a major air base at Rabaul on the tip of the island. The base gave them virtually unlimited offensive access to the Solomon Islands, the next target of their strategy. The Lexington sailed into the Coral Sea to challenge that access, and O'Hare's mission was to bomb and strafe the air base. Instead, the ship's radar picked up Japanese bombers headed straight for the carrier. O'Hare and his squad aimed their F4F Wildcats at the bombers and in four minutes, O'Hare personally shot down five of the G4M1 Betty bombers, earning him the title of "Ace." He was awarded the Medal of Honor for his bravery and deadly aim. O'Hare went missing on November 26, 1943 in a night fighter operation. It is assumed he was caught in crossfire, his plane was never found. On September 19, 1949, Chicago's old Orchard Depot Airport was renamed O'Hare International Airport. (There is an urban myth that O'Hare Airport is named for a gangster in the Al Capone organization, which is not true. Butch O'Hare's father was a bookkeeper with Capone but later turned state's evidence to help convict Capone of Income Tax Evasion.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/15/Butch_OHare_F6F-3.jpg/180px-Butch_OHare_F6F-3.jpg
Butch O'Hare in the cockpit of a
Grumman F6F-3 in 1943. The ace
would go missing in September. In
1949, in his honor, Chicago's
Orchard Depot Airport would be
renamed O'Hare International Airport.
The official FAA designation of
Orchard Depot was ORD, which
remains the designation of O'Hare
to this day. That is why, when
you come to conference and fly
into O'Hare, your luggage tags
show ORD.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 31 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1965, in New York City, the African American nationalist and religious leader, Malcom X, was assassinated by Black Muslims while speaking to the Organization of Afro-American Unity, a group that he founded. Talmadge Hayer, aka Thomas Hagan, Norman 3X Butler and Thomas 15X Johnson, members of the Nation of Islam, were arrested and charged with shooting Malcom X with a sawed-off shotgun and two handguns, hitting him with at least 17 rounds. All three were convicted and to this day, maintain their innocence. Butler was paroled in 1985 and is now known as Muhammad Abdul Aziz. Johnson is now known as Khalil Islam and ws released 1987. In prison, he rejected the Nation of Islam and converted to Sunni Islam. Hayer is now known as Mujahid Halim and was paroled in 1993.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Malcolm-x.jpg/180px-Malcolm-x.jpg
Malcom X in 1964

...in 1885, the Washington Monument was dedicated. A memorial to Washington was proposed as early as 1783 and Pierre L'Enfant included space for the monument in his street plan for Washington, D.C. After Washington's death, planning began in earnest. It took until 1832 for a plan to be accepted, a hollow Egyptian obelisk designed by Robert Mills. The cornerstone was laid on July 4, 1848. Political wrangling brought construction to a halt in the mid 1850s and all work stopped during the Civil War. In 1876, with furor over the American centennial, Congress passed a $200,000 appropriation for completion of the monument. (You can see a visible difference in the color of the marble used after the layoff ended, about 150 feet up on the monument.) Upon completion, the Washington Monument was the tallest structure in the world. Today it remains, by ordinance, the tallest building in Washington.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Washington_Monument_Dusk_Jan_2006.jpg/288px-Washington_Monument_Dusk_Jan_2006.jpg
The Washington Monument at dusk.
Photo by David Iliff, used by permission (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/") and
may not be reproduced.

...in 1972, President Richard Nixon arrived in Beijing for a week of talks with leaders of the People's Republic of China. Today, Richard Nixon is remembered for the Watergate scandal while his brilliant strategy in China, with it's long lasting results, are seldom mentioned. In the 1950's, Nixon had been an outspoken critic of communism and had gone so far as to accuse the Truman Administration of losing China to the communists in 1949. By the late 1960's, the world had changed immensely. The US was involved in the unpopular war in Viet Nam, supporting the South Vietnam allies against the communist North Vietnam. It was assumed that North Vietnam was getting its help from Red China when, in fact, the backing came from the Soviet Union. Tensions were running high between the Chinese and Soviets, in fact, border skirmishes were quite common. Nixon and his National Security Advisor, Henry Kissinger, recognized an opportunity to drive a wedge even further between the two major communist powers, perhaps to gain an edge in negotiating a "peace with honor," as Nixon called it, in Viet Nam. The visit accomplished that goal, as the North Vietnamese and Red Chinese were not the staunch allies they proclaimed as much as mutually suspicious allies. Historian Walter LaFeber said, "Instead of using Vietnam to contain China, Nixon had concluded that he better use China to contain Vietnam. China, in turn, welcomed the opportunity to increase trade with the United States.

(Kissinger had begun secret negotiations with North Vietnam on this date in 1970. The negotiations did not go well with the Vietnamese setting unreasonable terms for a cease fire. The negotiations changed considerably after Nixon opened up talks with the Red Chinese.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Nixon_Mao_1972-02-29.png/300px-Nixon_Mao_1972-02-29.png
Chairman Mao Zedong and President Richard Nixon in Beijing, 1972.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 15 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1732, George Washington was born in Westmoreland County, Virginia. He took his first job at the age of 17, as a surveyor in the Shenandoah Valley. He joined the British army in 1752 and served in the French and Indian War as a lieutenant. At war's end, he returned to manage Mount Vernon, the estate that he inherited from an older brother. In 1759, he married a wealthy widow, Martha Dandridge Custis. He also served in the Virginia House of Burgesses and with his compatriots, became frustrated with King George and the British rule. In 1775, the Continental Congress overwhelmingly selected Washington as the commander-in-chief of the newly formed Continental Army. He was a natural leader and although he led about as many losing battles as he did winning battles, the wins were spectacular enough to rally Americans to the cause. It was because of this natural talent that he was unanimously chosen to the first President of the United States. It is difficult to separate fact from fiction sometimes, he never really did cut down his father's cherry tree, but it is still an iconic fixture of his story. While he did have dental problems, his teeth were not made of wood but of cow or hippo bones. He was stubborn, too, leading John Adams to once refer to him as "Old Muttonhead." Loved and respected, however, his granddaughter said he was a prisoner of his own celebrity. Abagail Adams said Washington possessed “...a dignity which forbids familiarity mixed with an easy affability which creates love and reverence.” He died on December 14, 1799 and in his will, he described himself as "George Washington, of Mount Vernon, a citizen of the United States."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Portrait_of_George_Washington.jpeg/140px-Portrait_of_George_Washington.jpeg
Washington in military regalia,
by Rembrandt Peale

...in 1923, the 1,000,000 Chevrolet rolled off the assembly line. The Chevrolet Motor Company was founded by William "Billy" Durant, the founder of General Motors, after he was forced out of GM in 1910. In 1911, he teamed up with race car driver, Louis Chevrolet, who was with the Buick Racing Team and had even driven for Henry Ford at one time. Their partnership eventually ran into disagreements (as most relationships with Billy Durant did) mostly over what style of car to build. Durant solved the problem by buying out Chevrolet but keeping his name. Durant made enough money building Chevrolets that in 1916, he was able to buy controlling interest of General Motors again. He rolled Chevrolet into GM in 1917, completing the familiar GM lineup that, minus Oldsmobile, is still in place.

http://www.remarkablecars.com/main/chevrolet/1923-chevrolet-copper-cooled-1.jpg
1923 Chevrolet Coupe at the National Auto Museum in Reno, Nevada.

...in 1980, with 3 seconds remaining in the "Miracle on Ice" game, the voice of Al Michaels posed the question, "Do you believe in miracles?" and seconds later, as the game ended, he added the exclamation point, "YES!" It happened at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, NY when the underdog American hockey team upset the heavily favored Soviet Union team, rated by many to be the best hockey team to ever play in the Olympics. As important as the victory was, what the Americans did to the Soviets paled in comparison to what they accomplished in the minds and hearts of Americans. Americans had been held hostage by Iran, the economy was struggling, the Soviets had invaded Afghanistan and the country needed the jolt of patriotism that the hockey team presented us. The world said the team simply overachieved, not giving much credit to the likes of Mark Johnson, Neal Broten, Mark Pavelich, Ken Morrow, Dave Christina and Mike Ramsey, who all went on to sparkling careers in the NHL. "We were a damn good hockey team," Mike Ramsey said. At the 10 minute mark, exactly halfway into the third (and final) period, John Harrington made a pass to Mike Eruzione who skated into the slot and slapped the puck into the net for what would become the winning goal. The explosion of voices was deafening, as 8,500 rabid fans began the chant of "USA! USA! USA!" that did not end for the remaining 10 minutes of the game. It was not the game that gave the American team the Gold Medal, that anticlimactic game came 2 days later when the team came from behind to defeat Finland 4-2, but it is the Miracle on Ice that everyone remembers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bd/Sports_Illustrated_Miracle_on_Ice_cover.jpg/220px-Sports_Illustrated_Miracle_on_Ice_cover.jpg
Do you believe in miracles? YES! The
cover of Sports Illustrated was the only
one to ever run without a headline or caption.

Watch the chilling moment here. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QTev5pSuYLk)

It was a wonderful game that was needed at that time. The United States psyche was low. The
country was still bitterly divided over the war in Viet Nam. The economy was poor. President Jimmy Carter
had already threatened to pull the American Olympic Team from the Summer Games in Russia over the
Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan while 53 Americans were being held hostage in the
American Embassy in Teheran, Iran. Americans of all sorts rallied behind the hockey team at
Lake Placid, Mew York, in fact, the now familiar crowd chant of "USA! USA! USA!" was not
heard before 1980 in the Lake Placid Olympic hockey arena. The 1980 Olympic Hockey
Team helped bring Americans together at a time they desperately needed it. Do you believe in miracles?
I certainly do!

That's it. That's all we know as of 3:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

This is another day that you really ought to stop hovering and open the thread. Lots to read today. Meanwhile there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 23 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1945, during the battle for Iwo Jima, U.S. Marines raised an American flag over Mount Suribachi at the south end of the island. The flag was too small to be seen from the beach, so a Marine commander ordered a second, larger flag to replace the first one. Associated Press photographer, Joseph Rosenthal, captured the second flag raising on film. The result was the most reproduced photograph in history. Iwo Jima is part of a group of islands known collectively as the Bonin Island group, more familiarly referred to as the Ogasawara Islands. Iwo Jima was an uninhabited volcanic island (Suribachi is an inactive volcanic vent.) It is basically flat, making it an ideal location for an airstrip. The Japanese fortified Iwo Jima, knowing it would be an American target but also because it would be a base to defend the home islands against the relentless attacks of American B-29 Superfortresses. For that reason, American military leaders sought to secure Iwo Jima and the Japanese naval facility on nearby Chichi Jima.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c8/MemorialonMtSuribachi.jpg/180px-MemorialonMtSuribachi.jpg
On January 16, 2003, F-14 Tomcats
assigned to the Black Knights of
Fighter Squadron One Five Four
perform a fly-by of the memorial
on Mt. Suribachi on Iwo Jima Island.
The memorial is to the flag raising
during Battle of Iwo Jima on top of
Mt. Suribachi. (The U.S. Navy photo is
by Lt. j.g. Greg Kausner.) The memorial
reads: "Among the Americans who
served on Iwo Jima, uncommon valor
was a common virtue." — Nimitz.

The battle for the strategic piece of rock began on February 19, with a naval bombardment of the island. Unknown to the Americans, the Japanese were far below ground in an underground fortress, a network of tunnels and rooms that were untouched by tons of American ordnance. The flag raising did not mark the end of the battle, in fact, the battle for Iwo Jima would last until March 26! When it was all over, of the 22,000 soldiers on the island, the Japanese lost 21,703 who died either from fighting or by ritual suicide. Only 216 were taken prisoner. The Allied forces suffered 27,909 casualties, with 6,825 killed in action. Two Japanese soldiers did not surrender nor get word that the war was over. They survived on the island before finally surrendering in 1951.

One of the members in the second flag raising was John Bradley, a funeral director from Antigo, Wisconsin.¹ The Bradley Funeral Home is still in operation, although it is in a flashy new building, relocated from the original funeral home where Mr. Bradley buried my grandmother in 1971. One of my proudest moments was meeting Mr. Bradley, although at the time, I did not realize the significance of his history. To me, and to thousands of people, he is a hero. To John Bradley, he was no hero, just a guy doing his job. "The guys who didn't come home," he once said, "They're the heroes."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a1/WW2_Iwo_Jima_flag_raising.jpg/350px-WW2_Iwo_Jima_flag_raising.jpg
The photo of the second flag raising, snapped by Joseph Rosenthal of the Associated Press, is the most widely reproduced photograph in history.

In John Bradley's own words, here are the people in the photograph. "I'm the one that's second from the right as you're looking at the picture. And right next to me there you can see a man's helmet sticking up, that's Pfc. [Private First Class Rene A.] Gagnon [USMC]. The man bending over nearest to the ground is [Corporal Harlon Henry Block] [USMC]. And the one in back of us with the rifle slung on his shoulder is Pfc. Ira Hayes [USMC]. He is also a survivor. And the one in back of Hayes, is Pfc. [Frank R.] Sousley [USMC] who was later killed in action on the north end [of the island]. And there's two men that you can hardly see in the picture, they are from, the one on the right hand side is Pfc. Rene Gagnon who is a survivor of the flag raising. And the other one in back of Gagnon is Sergeant [Michael] Strank [USMC] who was killed later in action on the north end of Iwo Jima."

...in 1893, Rudolph Diesel was granted a German patent on the engine that would bear his name. His invention uses fuel oil instead of gasoline and heated, compressed air instead of an electrical spark. Diesel engines supply great power with fuel efficiency, making them ideal in freight hauling situations. Diesel engines supply power to trucks and railroad locomotives, as well as in stationary engine applications. To see an animation of how a diesel engine works, visit a website called thinkquest (http://library.thinkquest.org/C006011/english/sites/diesel.php3?v=2) although, I suspect the English was translated from German by a student. Don't let the strange wording fool you, the site is packed with good info. The animation is near the bottom of the page.

http://library.thinkquest.org/C006011/images/portrait/diesel.gif

...in 1980, Eric Heiden, from Madison, Wisconsin, skated his way into the record books when he won his 5th Gold Medal at the Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York. He is an icon in the speedskating community and is a folk hero in the Netherlands and Norway where the sport of speedskating is huge, although he is less famous here in the United States. Heiden also won the World Championship in allround in 1977, 1978, 1979 and in sprint in 1977, 1978, 1979 and 1980. After retiring from skating, Heiden went on to medical school and today, Dr. Heiden in an orthopedic surgeon in Utah. His father, Jack Heiden practiced as an orthopedic surgeon and his sister, Beth Heiden, is also an accomplished speedskater and cross-country skier. Dr. Heiden was listed at #46 in the ESPN SportsCentury Greatest Athletes of the 20th Century in 1999, the only speedskater on the list.

Sidebar: On September 12, 2009, at the Olympic Short Track Speed Skating trials in the Marquette, Michigan, 19 year old J.R. Celski fell and slammed into the boards. His razor-sharp skate blade slashed a deep cut into into his left quadraceps muscle. The blade just missed his femeral artery, which would have killed him. As it was, the cut required emergency surgery and 60 stitches to close. Celski recovered in time to skate at the Vancouver Olympics where he won the bronze medal in the Mens 1500m race. The surgeon monitoring Celski's recovery and performance at Vancouver was Dr. Eric Heiden.

http://espn.go.com/i/sportscentury/inline/heiden.jpg
Eric Heiden in action.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

¹ John Bradley's son, James, knew little, if any, of his father's story from World War II until after he passed away. What he learned about his father inspired him to write his father's story in Flags of Our Fathers. He told another story in the follow-up book, Flyboys. If you've seen Clint Eastwood's movie version of Flags of Our Fathers but not read the book, you really need to read the book and see what was left out of the movie - and why it had to be left out. I can tell you that I understand far more about my own father now, after reading his books. They are an incredibly important historical lesson for all Americans. Please, if haven't done so, read James Bradley's first two books.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Are you from Texas? Know a Ranger? Like The Wizard of Oz? Read on! There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 47 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1836, Colonel William Travis of the Texan revolutionary army, sent his famous message from The Alamo, pleading for help and reinforcements. He started the message to "The People of Texas and All Americans in the World" and ended the message with the phrase, "Victory or death." Texas was a state of Mexico at the time, but soured relations between the Anglo-American Texans and the Mexican government led to the start of a revolution in 1835. Travis was in command of the revolutionary army that was situated in San Antonio, fighting for Texas independence. The Mexican army, 5,000 strong under Santa Anna, arrived unexpectedly in San Antonio, chasing Travis and his band into the old mission, known as The Alamo. James Bowie and David Crockett, both who had developed fame before arriving at The Alamo, died in the subsequent battle after Santa Anna laid siege to The Alamo. The Texans were wiped out completely, save for a courier who managed to escape with a message, but he died in a subsequent battle a few days later. The Texans did manage to inflict 600 deaths on Santa Anna's forces. On April 21, Sam Houston's army defeated Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto with the Texans shouting, "Remember the Alamo!" The decisive victory drove Santa Anna out of Texas, gaining its independence.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Alamo_replica.jpg/180px-Alamo_replica.jpg
The replica of The Alamo is in Alamo Village. It
was built for the 1960 John Wayne film The Alamo
which has been called the most inaccurate of
all the stories told about the event.

...in 1944, Merrill's Marauders, a guerrilla force under the command of General Frank Merrill, began an amazing campaign against the Japanese in northern Burma. In August of 1942, President Franklin Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill decided that a ground unit in Burma could partake in a "long-range penetration mission" in Japanese occupied areas in Burma. 3000 people volunteered for the mission, code named Galahad. Gen. Merrill trained his troops in the jungles of India, for secrecy's sake. The commandos were divided into six groups of 400 men each, Red, White, Blue, Green, Orange, and Khaki. The remaining 600 men were rear-eschelon support for the teams. The Marauders made a 1,000 mile walk into Burma, carrying all their supplies. Resupply came only from air drops. The Marauders penetrated into Japanese held territory and caused numerous disruptions in communications and supply lines, even capturing an airfield. All the remaining Marauders were hospitalized with various tropical diseases, malnutrition, fungal infections and A.O.E., an Accumulation Of Everything. Merrill's Marauders advanced through 750 miles of jungle and fought in 5 major engagements along with uncounted minor skirmishes. In a very unusual circumstance, every member was awarded the Bronze Star, unfortunately, many were posthumous and the unit received the Distinguished Unit Citation. The unit was disbanded and merged into the 475th Infantry, which was renamed the 75th Infantry Regiment, which today, is the 75th Ranger Regiment.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/75_Ranger_Regiment_Regimental_Flash.PNG
Today's Army Rangers wear a flash that includes a six-color stripe to honor Merrill's Marauders: red, white, blue, green, orange and khaki.

...in 1938, Variety reported that MGM had casted The Wizard of Oz with Judy Garland as Dorothy, Roy Bolger as the Tin Man and Buddy Ebsen for the role of the Scarecrow. Bolger was unhappy with being the Tin Man and aranged for a swap. Ebsen was unable to complete the project, nine days after shooting began he was poisoned by the aluminum powder in his makeup. Jack Haley replaced him and no footage of Ebsen as the Tin Man has ever been released. The movie premiered at The Strand theater in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin on August 12, 1939.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/71/Buddy_Ebsen_Tin_Man.jpg/225px-Buddy_Ebsen_Tin_Man.jpg
Buddy Ebsen, a well respected hoofer, fell ill
during shooting and was unable to continue as
the Tin Man. He would go on to some fame in
television as Jed Clampett and Barnaby Jones.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[Barry Carlton]

Thought it was 'Ray' Bolger???

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 43 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1919, Oregon became the first state to impose a gasoline tax. The funds of the 1% tax went to fund road construction and maintenance. ONE PERCENT! Oh, for the good old days. (Oregon gasoline tax is 24¢.) Today, the Federal Fuel Tax is 18.4¢ per gallon, but members of the US government are whining that the tax is not generating enough revenue! Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood, in February 2009, called for us to be taxed by the mileage we actually drive, calculated by a satellite tracking device in our vehicles. (The highest fuel taxes are charged in the W states, Washington (36¢) Wisconsin (32.9¢) and West Virginia (32.2¢) taxes that are in addition to the 18.4¢ charged by the feds.) You can see what you're being ripped off on the Motor Fuel Excise Tax Rate Chart (http://www.taxadmin.org/fta/rate/motor_fl.html) on the Tax Administration web site.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Gas%20Jokes/image011.jpg

...in 1933, Tonto made his first appearance on The Lone Ranger. Of course, no one ever seemed to notice that the Lone Ranger was no longer alone with his "...faithful Indian companion..." by his side but that didn't seem to matter much. Since the show was on radio, Tonto was strictly a plot advancement tool, giving the Ranger someone to talk to, allowing him to share with the audience and not have to talk to his horse, Silver. Unlike Silver, Tonto could answer, although his pidgen English left listeners scratching their heads. The Lone Ranger went on to be one of the most popular radio and television programs of all time. (Advertising genius, Stan Frieberg, even put the Lone Ranger and Tonto into a Jeno's Pizza Rolls television spot (http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x448go_famous-pizza-roll-commercial-from-t_shortfilms) in the 1960's, that was also a brilliant parody of Lark Cigarette spots of the era. Both Lark and Jeno's used The William Tell Overture for music. Lark had a series of spots that asked the man-on-the-street to "show us your Lark pack." Click on the link to see the spot.)

http://img176.imageshack.us/img176/3707/1c8vs.jpg
Jay Silverheels as Tonto. Read more about this
fascinating man on this Jay Silverheels (http://nimst.tripod.com/cgi-bin/UC9.html) fansite.

...in 1890, Vlacheslav Mikhaylovich Skryabin was born in Kurkaka, Russia. He was better known by the revolutionary name that he took, Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov. He was an organizer of the Bolshevik Party and he became the secretary of the Central Committee after Vladimir Lenin ascended to power during the Russian Revolution. Molotv went on to be a hard-line negotiator for the Soviet, earning President Roosevelt's nickname, "Stone Ass." During World War II, Molotov was an advocate of tossing bottles, filled with a flammable liquid and stuffed with a fire-lit rag, at an enemy target. Thus, the "Molotov Cocktail" was born.

http://z.about.com/d/chemistry/1/8/j/k/molotovcocktail.jpg
The Molotov Cocktail, some kind of
heritage to be remembered by.

...in 1862, Congress passed the Legal Tender Act, allowing the printing of paper money to be used as specie, something the CSA had been doing since the beginning of the Civil War. The US Government had depleted its store of gold and silver to pay for the war and needed a way to pay its bills. The paper money, known as "Greenabacks" worked very well and paved the way for today's currency. An income tax and steep excise taxes prevented the inflation that usually follows the printing of money (pay attention to that factoid!) and kept the economy in check while promoting its growth.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/USNotes.jpg/300px-USNotes.jpg

...in 1928, the first license for a television broadcast station was granted. It was for a laboratory in Washington, D.C. and operated until 1932. The regulation of broadcasting has been there since the beginning. The Wireless Act of 1910 mandated that American ships have a transmitter and a qualified radio operator aboard. In the 1920's, the regulation extended to power, towers, identification of stations and advertising. The Radio Act of 1928 created the Federal Communications Commission and the granddaddy of them all, the Radio Act of 1934 set the broadcasting industry as we know it today, with call letters, frequency assignment, transmission power, and the Emergency Broadcast System to rapidly distribute information during disasters.

The industry was deregulated in the 1980's, under the Reagan Administration. The Radio Act of 1934 had strict regulations about ownership but by the 1980s, it was becoming too expensive for an owner to maintain one or two outlets. The deregulation allowed large companies to own multiple broadcast outlets and apply economies of scale to streamline operations and make losers into winners. Automation and satellite feeds placed the same programming on multiple stations and allowed many smaller, essentially defunct stations, to stay on the air. The deregulation also breathed life into the AM radio band that was virtually extinct with the expansion of superior FM signals. The dereg saw the development of syndicated programming, especially a phenomenon called "talk radio" that made the AM band back into a commercial success. Love him or hate him, the most successful radio program on the air today is the Rush Limbaugh Show that reaches 20 million listeners per hour.

Interesting sidebar: In 1951, the FCC mandated the CONtrol of ELctronic RADiation, or Conelrad, on 640 kHz and 1240 kHz to distribute information about nuclear attacks. All radios had little Civil Defense symbols at 604 and 1240 on the dial so you could find your local Conelrad station. Part of the idea was to stop all broadcasting, except Conelrad, so Russian bombers couldn't follow broadcast signals to large population centers. Conelrad was discontinued in 1963 and replaced by the Emergency Broadcast System.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d9/Cdb_prime_cvr.jpg/120px-Cdb_prime_cvr.jpg

...in 1848, Edward Henry Harriman was born in Hempstead, New York. He went on to be the savior of the Union Pacific cross continental railroad, and became a punchline in the script of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid in a line uttered by the character Woodcock, under siege by the Wild Bunch. Harriman quit school at the age of 14 to become a messenger boy on Wall Street, and rose quickly to having a seat on the stock exchange at the age of 22. At that time, he began to acquire railroad stock and became a rail baron by purchasing bankrupt railroads, revitalizing them, and reselling them at a huge profit.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Edward_Henry_Harriman_1899.jpg/225px-Edward_Henry_Harriman_1899.jpg
E.H. Harriman (1848-1909)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 29 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1993, a terrorist bomb, inside a rented van, exploded at the World Trade Center, in the parking structure, at 12:18 PM. The first attack on the WTC left a crater about 60 feet wide. Several floors surrounding the area collapsed, killing six and injuring 1,042 people. The blast caused $500 million in damage. New York City authorities and the FBI unleashed a giant manhunt. Within days, several radical Islamists were arrested, and in 1994, Mohammed Salameh, Ahmad Ajaj, Nidal Ayyad, and Mahmoud Abouhalima were convicted and sentenced to life in prison. Salameh blew his cover when he went back to Ryder to retrieve the $400 deposit on the rental of the van. The mastermind of the attack was Ramzi Ahmed Yousef, who was arrested two years later in Pakistan. A computer of his, captured by authorities, revealed plans to kill Pope John II and to bomb 15 American airliners. There are tenuous links between Yousef and Osama bin Laden.

Ramzi Ahmed Yousef said that his only regret was that the 110 story tower did not collapse and fall into the twin tower. The plan, had it worked, would have killed thousands of people. The collapse would finally be achieved on September 11, 2001. They were at war with us, but we weren't at war with them. They are still at war with us, and the lessons of 1993 and 2001 must not be forgotten.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/WTC_1993_ATF_Commons.jpg
The aftermath of the bombing in the parking structure.

...in 1935, Adolph Hitler began the secret rearming of Germany by creating the Reich Lutwaffe, the third branch of the Nazi military, with the army and navy. Hermann Goering, the WWI hero, was appointed the commander of the Luftwaffe. The Treaty of Versailles prohibited military aviation but the new German airline, Lufthansa, provided flight training for the future military pilots. The Luftwaffe grew in size and stature, but in secret. The Messerschmidt Bf 109 was the flagship of the Luftwaffe and was superior to anything flying in Europe at the time. As the war began, the Luftwaffe was a major component in the Blitzkrieg strategy. It was invincible until the Battle of Britain, when its first defeat was at the hands of the British. In the face of relentless attacks by British and American air forces, the Luftwaffe lost its superiority over Europe and by the time of the D-Day invasion, there was little of the Luftwaffe left.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Messerschmitt_Bf_109G-10_USAF.jpg/300px-Messerschmitt_Bf_109G-10_USAF.jpg
Messerschmidt Bf 109G-10 at the Air Force Museum in Dayton, Ohio.

...in 1903, Alexander Winton set the first speed record at Daytona Beach. The Winton Bullet Number 1, with a four cylinder engine, was in a race at Daytona Beach a year earlier, against Ransom E. Olds but the race resulted in a tie. On this date in 1903, the Bullet Number 2 set a record speed of over 65 mph. The Bullet Number 2 had two four cylinder engines bolted together, making a straight 8 cylinder engine.

http://z.about.com/d/cleveland/1/5/q/1/-/-/1902wintonracecar.jpg
Winton Bullet Number 2

...in 1919, and in 1929, two national parks were established. In 1919, the Grand Canyon was set aside as a national park followed by Grand Tetons in 1929.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Wide_angle_tetons.jpg/800px-Wide_angle_tetons.jpg
The Grand Tetons range as seen from Jackson Hole.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 40 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1960, the US Olympic hockey team defeated the Soviet Union in Squaw Valley, California. The next day, the US went on to defeat Czechoslovakia and win the first-ever Gold Medal in hockey. Jack Riley, who had been a member of the 1948 team, coached a team with two sets of brothers, Bill and Bob Cleary and Bill and Roger Christian. Bill Christian's son, David, would be a member of the 1980 "Miracle on Ice" hockey team, that would defeat the highly favored Soviet Union team on the way to winning the gold again.

...in 2003, Fred Rogers passed away from stomach cancer at the age of 74. He was Presbyterian minister, writer, puppeteer and better known to generations as Mister Rogers. His award winning television show, Mister Rogers' Neighborhood ran on PBS for more than 30 years, featuring Mr. Rogers, of course, but also Mr. McFeely and puppets in the land of Make Believe, where viewers were taken by the Neighborhood Trolley to meet King Friday XIII, Queen Sara Saturday, Curious X and Henrietta Pussycat. (McFeely was Fred Rogers' middle name.) Although it seemed that Mister Rogers' Neighborhood had been passed up by high-tech productions and slick packaging, his fixed formula served him well and resulted in 998 episodes, four Emmys and a Peabdoy Award. He retired in 2000, but came out of retirement to make PSAs to aid children and parents to deal with the tragedy of 9/11. His trademark red sweater hangs in the Smithsonian Institution.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Fred_Rogers_White_House.jpg
Mister Rogers meets President George Bush in the White House, April 3, 2002. On July 9, he
recieved the Presidential Medal of Freedom. During the presentation, President Bush said,
"Fred Rogers has proven that television can soothe the soul and nurture the spirit and teach
the very young."

...in 1948, it took the FTC and a court order to protect the company that innovated the mechanical hero of World War II, the jeep. The Willys-Overland Company was one of three companies (Ford, Bantam and Willys) that produced the jeep for the army during the war. All three had developed prototypes for the army, but it was the Bantam that won. Unfortunately, Bantam was a small operation (in more ways than one) and could not meet the army production demands, so Ford and Willys build jeeps to Bantam specifications. In 1943, Willys began to claim that the company had developed the jeep, when in fact, Bantam had done so. At the end of the way, the army demanded that all tooling be destroyed. Bantam was sold and reduced to making trailers. Ford, of course, went back to making cars. Willys continued to build the jeep and sold it to the consumer market as the CJ-2, but was enjoined from claiming development of the versitile little brute.

http://oldcarandtruckpictures.com/Jeeps/1941Bantam-c.jpg
1941 American Bantam Jeep

...in 1827, masked students danced through the streets of New Orleans, beginning the annual tradition of Mardi Gras. The celebration of Carnival (the weeks between the Twelfth Night, January 6 and Ash Wednesday) originated in Rome, spread across Europe, and across the ocean to the New World. Carnival is an over-the-top celebration in Rio de Janiero and New Orleans. It was French settlers who brought Mardi Gras (Fat Tuesday) to New Orleans but Spanish governors outlawed the celebration by banning the wearing of masks in the streets. After Louisiana became part of the United States in 1803, the ban on masks was lifted. In 1857, plantation owner Bernard Xavier de Marigny de Mandeville began sponsoring a large Mardi Gras celebration but by the 1850s, rowdy revelers were getting out of hand, even violent. The Mistick Krewe of Comus, a secret society, launched an organized celebration and parade in 1857. Contrary to popular belief, the parades are not in the French Quarter, banned in 1979 because of the narrow streets. Mardi Gras is attended by 300,000 to 400,000 people each year. Mardi Gras in 2006 was likely the most important of all of the celebrations since 1827 because it was the first one after Hurricane Katrina and marked the recovery of New Orleans, devastated by the hurricane.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/img_0980.jpg


That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Remember CBS News 48 Hours Mystery and their coverage of Paige? Don't get excited, there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday, but read on.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 44 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 2009, CBS News rebroadcast the episode of 48 Hours Mystery entitled The Secret Life of Paige Birgfeld that originally aired on June 10, 2008. It was virtually the same report but it was edited for content, updated with some new information and edited for timeliness. We all hoped the rebroadcast would jump start the search and investigation. It didn't.

Someone, somewhere, knows something that could bring this case to a close. What is it going to take to get that someone to come forward?

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Paige/Paige_Meredith_Birgfeld_t220.jpg
Where are you, Paige?

...in 1953, James D. Watson and Frances H.C. Crick, scientists at Cambridge University, announced that they had determined the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA (for short.) DNA itself was nothing new, in fact, it was discovered in 1869 although its role in genetic inheritance wasn't determined until 1943. Many scientists were working on determining the structure. It was on this date that Watson and Crick announced they determined the structure of DNA was a double-helix polymer, or a spiral of two DNA strands, each containing a long chain of monomer nucleotides, wound around each other. (Don't feel bad. I have no idea what that means, either.) Watson and Crick reported that DNA replicated itself by separating into individual strands, each of which became the template for a new double helix. Crick made the first announcement of their find when he went to the Eagle Pub and blurted out, "We found the secret of life."

http://genomics.energy.gov/gallery/basic_genomics/originals/762.jpg
U.S. Department of Energy Genome Programs at Oak Ridge National Laboratory
created this image of the DNA molecule.

Q: How can you tell a boy chromosome from a girl chromosome?

A: You pull down their genes.

...in 1932, Ford Motor Company produced the last Model A. It was a closing to another chapter in the lore of Ford Motor Company. The venerable Model T had put America on wheels, but after 19 years, it was outdated and in need of replacement. Henry Ford's remarkable V8 engine was not yet ready for production, so the Model A was introduced at the stop-gap between the Model T and the V8. It featured a 40 horsepower engine, twice what the Model T had, a sliding-gear transmission, an electric starter and styling that followed the high-end Lincoln. (In some circles, the Model A was called the "Baby Lincoln." 5 million Model A's were built between 1927 and 1932 and it is estimated that perhaps as many as 1 million still exist.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Model_A/th_31droadsterEM.jpg (http://smg.photobu)cket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Model_A/?action=view&current=31droadsterEM.jpg)
1931 Ford Model A Deluxe Roadster
Click on the photo to see it full size.

...in 1993, agents of the US Treasury Department's Bureau fo Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms launched a raid into the Branch Davidian compound, Mount Carmel, in Waco, Texas. Gunfire erupted, and when the smoke cleared, four ATF agents were dead and 15 wounded. Six of the members of the Branch Davidian Cult were fatally wounded and several more injured, including the leader, David Koresh. The ATF withdrew and the FBI took over the operation. The resulting standoff lasted for several weeks, the Davidians were prepared for Armageddon and were well stocked with supplies and ammunition. On April 18, 1993, US Attorney General Janet Reno approved a tear gas assault. Nine minutes after the tear gas canisters were launched, multiple fires broke out in the compound with several Davidians fleeing the compound. When it was over, Koresh, 58 adults and 22 children were dead. In 1999, the FBI admitted to having used tear gas grenades in the assault. The incindiary nature of the grenades may have caused the fires.

http://img.imaginecasting.com/blog/waco.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 29 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1897, Alexander Winton organized the Winton Motor Carriage Company in Cleveland, Ohio. Winton had been making bicycles for a dozen years when the fiercely competitive Scotsman went into the fledgling automobile business. He wanted to race his own cars, a la Ransom E. Olds. In fact, a race to a draw between Winton and Olds in 1902 was the start of racing on Daytona Beach. In 1903, Winton set the land-speed record and became the first man to drive faster than a mile a minute. In 1903, Dr. Horatio Nelson Jackson became the first man to drive coast-to-coast and he did it in a used Winton that he bought in San Francisco to make the journey. Ford had defeated Winton in 1901, spreading the reputation of Ford, paving the way for the incorporation of Ford Motor Company and one of the competitors that would drive Winton out of the automobile business.

http://americanhistory.si.edu/onthemove/img/media/l/506.jpg
Alexander Winton and Henry Ford raced in 1901. At the end of the race,
after winning the contest, Ford jumped down from his car and said, "That's
the last time I do THAT!" and hired Barney Oldfield to drive for him.

...in 1961, President John F. Kennedy signed executive order #10924 that created the Peace Corps as a part of the State Department. The prototype of the Peace Corps was called the Point Four Youth Corps, proposed by Congressman Henry Reuss of Wisconsin in the late 1950s. Kennedy picked up on the growing support of the idea and made it part of his campaign platform. Today, more than 7,000 Peace Corps volunteers serve in more than 70 countries. Since 1961, more than 180,000 people are veterans of the Peace Corps and have served in over 134 nations.

...in 1692, Salem Village in Massachusetts Bay Colony was the location for the trials of Sarah Goode, Sarah Osborne and a slave, Tituba, accused of practicing witchcraft. Under pressure, Tituba confessed to the crime and the floodgates opened in the hunt for witches in the colony. It all began when 9 year old Elizabeth Parris and 11 year old Abigail Williams began experiencing fits. A doctor concluded they were under the spell of a witch. Over 150 men, women and even children were investigated for practicing witchcraft. In June, 1692, Justice William Stoughton began the Court of Oyer and Terminer (to hear and to decide) to judge the accused. 14 women and 4 men were hanged, and one man was executed by crushing. In October, Governor William Phipps of Massachusetts ordered the closure of the Court of Oyeer and Terminer and opening of the Superior Court of Judicature. The executions stopped and those awaiting trial were pardoned.

...in 1941, radio station W47NV, under the ownership of National Life and Accident Insurance Company which owned WSM-AM (think Grand Ol' Opry) began broadcasting in Nashville, Tennessee. Besides having the most un-sexy call letters in the market, it was the first station in the United States to transmit with frequency modulation, more commonly known as FM. Prior to that station going on the air, all broadcasting was done with amplitude modulation, of AM, which can carry for long distances but is prone to interference, static and cross-talk. FM is less susceptible to static and cross-talk but because FM signals are line-of-sight, the signal is limited in the distance it can carry. The signal actually travels in a straight line and because the earth is round, the signal continues off into space. (W47NV operated until about 1951 when the owners realized that hardly anyone in Nashville had FM receivers.)

...in 1917, the contents of the Zimmerman Telegram were published in the United States. It was a message from the German ambassador to Mexico proposing a Mexican-German alliance. The telegram was intercepted and decrypted by British Intelligence. The message suggested that if Mexico aligned with Germany, and Germany was victorious, it would restore Texas, New Mexico and Arizona to Mexico. (The land has been ceded to the United States as part of the settlement of the Mexican-American War in the mid 19th Century.) The telegram helped sway public opinion to entering WWI, with Americans already incensed with German U-boats sinking unarmed American commercial ships. (Mexico realized this was an impractical offer as retaking the land would result in war with the United States and the only serious arms producer in the western hemisphere was the United States. Mexico formally refused the German offer on April 14, long after the US had entered the war.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Ztel1b.jpg

...in 1932, the first of several events labeled The Crime of the Century took place when Charles A. Lindbergh, Jr. was kidnapped from his second-floor nursery in the new mansion of Charles and Anne Morrow Lindbergh. On the night of March 1, the toddler was put to bed about 7 PM by Mrs. Lindbergh and the nanny, Betty Gow. Ms. Gow stayed with the baby until he was asleep, then went to check on him about 10. He was missing. A homemade ladder was found below the window, it was the perfect length to reach the window. A ransom note arrived, handwritten, fraught with mistakes. It demanded $50,000.00. Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf, superintendent of the New Jersey State Police was one of the authorities on the scene. (Yes, his name does sound familiar and yes, it's his father.) Lindbergh paid the ransom but the body of the "Little Eaglet" was found less than five miles from his home. Congress rushed a bill making kidnapping a federal offense. Authorities arrested a man named Bruno Hauptman, who was tried and convicted on flimsy evidence, but that wasn't the end of it. To this day, the Lindbergh kidnapping is still a topic of discussions and conspiracy theorists. It was also the inspiration for Agatha Christie's Murder on the Orient Express.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Lindbergh_baby_poster.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 21 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1917, Puerto Rico became a protectorate of the United States. The island state had been ceded to the US as part of the Treaty of Paris that ended the Spanish-American War in 1898. The Jones-Shafroth Act made the island a protectorate and granted Puerto Ricans U.S. Citizenship. Of course, the act came about a month before the United States entered WWI. The new citizens were eligible to join the military but not many did. When President Wilson enacted a draft, 20,000 Puerto Ricans were consigned. Many went to guard the Panama Canal but the 396th Infantry Regiment of Puerto Rico was formed in New York City and became known as the Harlem Hell Fighters. In WWII, Puerto Rico became an important army and naval base. In 1952, a new constitution declared the island a commonwealth under US protection. There were calls for complete independence from the US but just as many calls to apply for statehood. Today, it remains a commonwealth and protectorate.

...in 1807, Congress abolished the importation of slaves into the Untied States.

...in 1836, Texans declared their independence from Mexico, while the forces of Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna continued their siege of The Alamo in San Antonio. The fate of the 185 defenders of The Alamo was sealed and would be met on March 6. Meanwhile, Sam Houston was assembling a large force in the north. In April, the Houston army would overwhelm Santa Anna and win independence from Mexico. The Texans wanted to join the US as state, but anti-slavery forces did not want to admit a potential southern slave state. Until 1845, when Texas finally became the 28th state, it was the independent Republic of Texas.

...in 1929, the Jones Act was passed, the last gasp of Prohibition. In 1920, the Eighteenth Amendment was enacted, banning the importation, production and sale of alcoholic beverages. Prohibition was ineffective because it did not solve the root of the business of alcoholic beverages - demand in the marketplace. With legitimate sources eliminated, organized criminal elements stepped in to meet the demand. Alcohol was distilled within the country, however, the biggest source was from foreign spirits being smuggled in overland from Canada and Mexico and by sea from numerous sources. The Jones Act brought severe penalties to mariners who smuggled alcohol into the country. Within five years, the 19th Amendment would be repealed anyway, and alcohol once again flowed freely in the United States.

http://info.detnews.com/dn/history/prohib/images/boat.gif
Federal agents dump beer overboard in
August, 1929. More than 75% of illegally
imported alcohol came over the Detroit River
to Detroit, even through an underwater pipeline.

...in 1925, the association called AASHO (American Association of State Highway Officials) met in Washington, D.C. to create today's familiar federal highway numbering system. Prior to this date, there was a myriad of named highways and trails with a dizzying array of signs and color stripes. The new system of numbered highways followed a strategy of even numbers going east-west and odd numbers going north south. The lowest numbers were in the north and east, the numbers increasing in sequence to the south and west. It also called for the federal shield for the numbers that has evolved over the years to the black background signs in use today. (AASHO was renamed AASHTO, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, in 1973.)

http://www.wisconsinhighways.org/marker_images/routemarkers/US_marker_original.gif
The first federal highway shields
included the state name.

http://www.wisconsinhighways.org/marker_images/routemarkers/US_marker_1960s.gif
In the 1960s, the signs changed to
the black box background. The state
name was still on the signs along with
the outline graphics.

http://www.wisconsinhighways.org/marker_images/routemarkers/US_marker_wide.gif
As time went on, the state name was shortened to
an abbreviation then dropped entirely, along with all the
text and graphic outlines. Only the highway number
appears in today's signage.

The signs are courtesy of Christopher J. Bessert and his fascinating website, Wisconsin Highways (http://www.wisconsinhighways.org/). Even if you're not from Wisconsin, the site offers a lot of info about highways and links to similar sites that might be from your state. (He also maintains a similar site that offer information on Michigan Highways (http://www.michiganhighways.org/).)

...in 1904, Theodor Seuss Geisel was born in Springfield, Massachusetts. He was educated at Dartmouth where he edited the school's humor magazine. He went on to Oxford where he met his first wife, Helen Palmer, who convinced him to work as a professional artist. He returned the US and worked in magazines and advertising. He wrote a children's book, using his mother's maiden name (also his middle name) as Dr. Suess. (He also used the name, Theo. LeSieg for books he wrote but did not illustrate and wrote one as Rosetta Stone.) The book, entitled And to Think That I Saw It On Mulberry Street was rejected by more than two dozen publishers before being published in 1937. Just before the war, Geisel turned to polical cartooning and during the war, he drew posters for the government. In 1943, he joined the army and commanded the animation department for the motion picture unit. (He was the awarded the Legion of Merit.) In 1957, he had his first bestseller The Cat In the Hat, after his publisher asked him to use 220 new-reader words in something more fun than Dick and Jane. Dr. Seuss created many odd and memorable characters by penning many more favorite books, such as Yertle the Turtle; Fox in Socks; Horton Hears a Who; Green Eggs and Ham; If I Ran the Circus; One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish; Bartholomew and the Oobleck, and the immortal How the Grinch Stole Christmas. Dr. Seuss lived and worked in an abandoned observatory in La Jolla, California that was known as "The Tower." He died in 1991, but not before he penned his going away gift for the generations of adults who grew up on his fantasy books, Oh, the Places You'll Go.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b5/Seuss-cat-hat.gif

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 19 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1887, Anne Sullivan began her education of Helen Keller. Keller had lost her sight and hearing as a result of a severe illness, perhaps scarlett fever, at the age of 19 months. Sullivan was a pioneer in educating through a technique called "touch teaching" as a way to get through to the Helen that was hidden deep within an uncontrollable little girl. Sullivan was able to break through, however, and taught Helen Keller to read and write, and went on with Helen to Radcliffe College, where she graduated with honors. Helen Keller became and internationally famous lecturer, an advocate for the blind and suffrage but also a promoter of socialism. Sullivan was dubbed "the miracle worker" and became the subject of a successful play that was later made into an Academy Award winning film starring Anne Bancroft as Sullivan and Patty Duke as Helen Keller. Both won Oscars for their performances. Helen Keller died at her home in Westport, CT. on June 1, 1968 at the age of 87.

...in 1931, The Star Spangled Banner by Francis Scott Key became the official national anthem of the United States, 117 years after it was written. Key wrote the lyrics on board a British ship on September 14, 1814, during the War of 1812. An American lawyer, he was being detained by the British. He witnessed the overnight British bombardment of Fort McHenry and after 1,800 bombs were lobbed into the American fort, Key was amazed to see the American Flag still flying. The lyrics were published in a Baltimore paper on September 20, and later set to a popular British tune called To Anacreon in Heaven. By default, The Star Spangled Banner became the national anthem, as it was adopted by most of the armed forces but it remained unofficial. President Woodrow Wilson made it the national anthem by Presidential Executive Order, but it was not until 1931 that Congress confirmed Wislon's order. President Herbert Hoover signed the bill on March 3.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Star-Spangled-Banner-1908-1919.jpg/180px-Star-Spangled-Banner-1908-1919.jpg
The Star Spangled Banner flag
that inspired Francis Scott Key

...in 1875, the first indoor hockey game was held in Montreal, Quebec at the Victoria Skating Rink. Since hockey had always been played outside, there were no real rules that determined the dimensions of the rink or even how many players comprised a team. By moving inside, to a confined space, some rules were needed to make the game safer and less chaotic. The next day, the Montreal Gazette reported that the game hosted 40 spectators. The game caught on like wildfire and in 1944, hockey was made the official Winter sport of Canada. (The first mechanically cooled ice rink was built in 1876 in London, and Frank Zamboni built the first ice resurfacing machine in Paramount, California in 1949.)

...in 1879, Congress established the United States Geological Survey. The organization was key in the settlement of the west and continues important work today. While the government had a great deal of knowledge of the outline of the west, there was little detail. At first, the USGS concentrated on potential mining areas and aided in the discovery of the Comstock Lode and the Leadville area of Colorado. Today, the USGS maintains a database of topographical maps as well as mineral, agricultural and hydraulic resources.

...in 1949, the Tucker Automobile Company officially went into receivership. Preston Tucker began building his stunning automobile after WWII, with a radical design by Alex Temulis. The car featured innovative safety devices that would all ultimately be part of automobile designs, including a padded dashboard and a third headlight that swiveled with the front wheels. Only 36 cars were built before Tucker was indicted on 31 counts of investment fraud. Many of the remaining parts were spirited out of the factory and an additional 15 cars were built. Four were destroyed and 47 are known to still exist. The company went into receivership, and while Tucker was cleared of all the charges, it was too little too late and Tucker's dream died on March 3, 1949.

http://www.tuckerclub.org/car_gallery/1048_01.jpg
Tucker #1048, last seen at the Hartford Heritage
Automobile Museum in Hartford, Wisconsin

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 36 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1868, Jesse Chisholm, noted merchant and trailblazer, passed away in Oklahoma from food poisoning. He is most remembered for creating the trail that bears his name, from Wichita, Kansas, to the Red River and through Texas, to the Gulf of Mexico. Chisholm was from Tennessee, his father was Scottish and his mother was Cherokee. (John Chisholm, famous for the Lincoln County War and his association with Billy the Kid, had nothing to do with creating the Chisholm Trail. While both men were born in Tennessee, I cannot verify that Jesse and John were related.) In his 20s, Jesse Chisholm moved into (what is now) Arkansas and established a trading business. He reportedly spoke 14 dialects of Native American languages and helped him build a thriving business with the Cherokee, Osage, Kiowa, Comanche and Wichita. His fluency also helped him negotiate treaties between the US and Native Americans. He had a vast knowledge of the topography of the southwest, and he opened a trading post in Wichita, Kansas. He blazed a trail to Texas for his large, lumbering wagons. The Chisholm Trail rapidly became famous for it's gentle slopes and shallow fords. It soon became a cattle trail for Texas ranchers to drive their cattle to Wichita in order to meet up with the rail heads, allowing them to get their cattle to eastern markets. The cattle wore the trail into a grove below grade, as wide as 400 yards in some places and the trail can still be seen in many places. (The story of the cattle drives and the Chisholm Trail was the subject of a 1948 Howard Hawks film entitled Red River. It is a highly fictionalized telling of the story. Jesse Chisholm was not, himself, a cattleman. There is much confusion between Jesse and John Chisholm, and the fact that John Wayne played the lead in films about them, neither of which is an accurate telling of their stories, doesn't help any.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Jessechisholm.jpg
Jesse Chisholm (1805? - 1868)

...in 1902, the American Automobile Association was organized. The forerunner was the American Motor League but the membership of the AML was controlled by manufacturers. The AAA was formed to aid motorists and not automakers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/AAA_logo.svg/180px-AAA_logo.svg.png

...in 1888, Knute Rockne was born in Voss, Norway. He would immigrate to the United States with his family at the age of five. In Chicago, he learned to play football. In South Bend, Indiana, Rockne enrolled at Notre Dame but was a dismal failure at football. He concentrated on track and field and set a school record for indoor pole vault. Bolstered by his success in track, he went out for football again and became a star tight end. In 1917, he took over as the football coach and made Notre Dame into a powerhouse. A backfield of Harry Stuhldreher, Jim Crowley, Don Miller and Elmer Layden were known as the Four Horsemen of Notre Dame. He also coached George Gipp, who was the inspiration of the famous film line, "Just win one for the Gipper." Rockne died in a plane crash in 1931. His record of 105-12-5 (.881) is unparalleled in college and professional football. (Also in South Bend, the Studebaker Company built a car named for the football genius. The Rockne did not do as well as his namesake, and was only built in 1932 and 1933.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/da/Knute_Rockne.jpg
Knute Rockne (1888 - 1931)

...in 1952, Ernest Hemingway finished his novela The Old Man and the Sea. The book is an allegory of his about his struggles to maintain a normal life in the stress of fame and attention. Hemingway told his publisher it was his best work ever, to which critics agree, in fact, it won the 1953 Pulitzer Prize and was made into a memorable 1958 film by Howard Hawkes, featuring Spencer Tracy. It was Hemingway's last major work before he died, at his own hand, in 1961.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/73/Oldmansea.jpg/200px-Oldmansea.jpg

...in 1861, and in 1865, Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated as the 16th President of the United States.

...in 1933, as the Great Depression was deepening, Franklin Delano Roosevelt was inaugurated as the 32nd President of the United States. In his inaugural address, he outlined his plan to fight the depression in terms that sound eerily familiar today. He called for the wide expansion of the government, increased government labor and a large welfare state. Roosevelt was from a wealthy Hyde Park, NY family, which included his fifth cousin, Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt who was the 26th POTUS. In 1905, FDR was married to yet another cousin, Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, Teddy Roosevelt's niece. He was elected to the Senate in 1910, and was appointed by President Wilson as the assistant secretary of the navy. He was striken with poliomyelitis in 1921 and never did recover. It confined him to a wheelchair or huge braces. (There is an extant 4 second clip that shows FDR walking, the only photographic evidence of him walking that exists.) In retrospect, FDR never ended the Great Depression with is policies, in fact, as the economy was starting to recover in the mid '30s, his policies actually started a small recession. The depression ended with World War II because war is the ultimate consumer. His unprecedented election to a fourth term ended with his death of a cerebral hemorrhage in 1945, before the war ended. His 13 year term resulted in the passing of the 22nd Amendment to the Constitution that limits a president to two consecutive terms in office.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Roosevelt_inauguration_1932.jpg
Mr. and Mrs. Roosevelt at the 1933 inauguration.

That's it. That's all we know as of 1:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 33 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1963, the Hula-Hoop was finally patented by the owners of the Wham-O Company, who took the market by storm with the plastic fad in 1958. Arthur "Spud" Melin was the co-founder of Wham-O in 1948. The name came from the sounds resulting from use of their first product, a sling-shot made to shoot meat to hunting falcons, the Wham-O being the sound of the bird snatching the meat from midair. The company made several other toys and sporting goods but their first hit was the Pluto Platter. The name was supposed to capitalize on America's fascination with flying saucers, but the Pluto Platter sold like crazy when it was renamed the Frisbee. The Hula-Hoop was introduced in 1958 and spread like wildfire in the first four months but soon dropped as the fad wore out. It never really died, though, and the Hula-Hoop continues to sell over 50 years later.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1c/SmirkusHulaHoops.jpg/180px-SmirkusHulaHoops.jpg
This is so unfair, I can't even work
one of the &%#@#! things.

...in 1946, Winston Churchill came to the United States to visit and to drum up support for a strong post-war alliance between the two countries. Churchill, after leading Great Britain through one of the darkest eras in English history, was inexplicably defeated in the election of 1945. He made a famous address at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri, with President Harry Truman on the dais with Churchill. It was here that he uttered one of his most famous lines, "From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent." (Alfred E. Neuman, in Mad magazine would say about two decades later, "If Communism is such a great thing, why don't they put up a picture window instead of an iron curtain?") Churchill's term, "Iron Curtain" immediately became part of the Cold War lexicon.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Churchill_V_sign_HU_55521.jpg/220px-Churchill_V_sign_HU_55521.jpg
Winston Churchill with is
famous V sign.

...in 1962, actor George C. Scott declined the nomination for Best Supporting Actor in the Paul Newman movie, The Hustler. Scott said awards were self-serving and meaningless. The Academy upheld the nomination although he did not win. In 1971, however, after declining the award, he won the Oscar for Best Actor, which he refused, for his greatest work ever. His portrayal of General George Patton, in Patton, is considered by many to be the best portrayal of anyone, in any motion picture, ever. Scott was also known for his notable performances in Anatomy of a Murder, Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb, The Flim-Flam Man, The New Centurians and his Emmy nominated performance as Ebineezer Scrooge in the 1984 television film A Christmas Carol. George C. Scott died in 1999 at the age of 71.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Patton_Scott.jpg/180px-Patton_Scott.jpg
Scott as General Patton. He researched the
role extensively by studying films of Patton and
interviewing his associates. It is considered to be
one of the finest performances in the history of
cinema.

...in 1960, Elvis Presley was discharged from the army after serving his draft term. Before mustering in, he recorded enough material to keep a string of singles hitting the charts during his absence. Elvis died in 1977 of congestive heart failure. During his lifetime, earned 94 gold singles and over 40 gold LPs. He was one of the first ten inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

...in 1770, a mob of angry colonists, calling themselves Patriots, gathered at the Customs House in Boston to protest unpopular taxation on the colonies. British Captain Thomas Preston, the CO of the Customs House, ordered his guards to fix bayonets and join the outdoor guards. The Patriots threw snowballs at the British Regulars. Private Hugh Montgomery was hit by a snowball, and he discharged his weapon into the crowd. Other soldiers began firing and when the smoke cleared, five colonists were dead. These men are considered the first casualties of the Revolutionary War, although it did not really start until April 19, 1775. Meanwhile, patriots like John Adams and Paul Revere created a firestorm of outrage over The Boston Massacre, making it into a bigger event than it really was. Paul Revere's engraving of the event was widely distributed in the colonies and helped to build anti-British sentiment.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Boston_Massacre_high-res.jpg/350px-Boston_Massacre_high-res.jpg
Paul Revere's famous engraving of the event helped build
anti-British sentiment in the colonies, leading up to the
Revolutionary War that began April 19, 1775.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 36 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1930, the Birds Eye Frosted Food Company began marketing quick-frozen foods to consumers around Springfield, Massachusetts in 18 selected stores. Clarence Birdseye was a New York City kid who went to work for the US government in order to pay his college tuition. While working as a field naturalist in Labrador, the Inuit taught him how to fish under very thick ice. In weather of -40º he found that the fish he caught froze almost instantly and tasted fresh when thawed. Food that was frozen at that time was done at higher temperatures which allows ice crystals to form and grow, damaging the tissue of the food that was being frozen. Colder temperatures did not allow larger ice crystals to form. Birdseye invented a machine that quickly froze boxed food between rollers. In 1929, he sold his patents and machinery to Goldman Sachs and the Postum Company for $22 million, a princely sum in 1929! When the sale of frozen food began in 1930, acceptance was high and the frozen food industry was born. Clarence Birdseye died in 1956 at the age of 69.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/US_Patent_1773079_%28Fig_1%29.jpg/250px-US_Patent_1773079_%28Fig_1%29.jpg
Clarence Birdseye's patented quick-freezing machine.

...in 1929, Scottish-American David Buick died in Detroit at the age of 74. He was a maker of plumbing products and perfected a method of enameling cast iron bathtubs. In the 1890's, he began to experiment with internal combustion engines. He sold his interest in the plumbing company and founded the Buick Auto-Vim and Power Company, where he developed his claim to fame, the "valve in head" engine. Having valves over the cylinders increased horsepower over the other configurations in use at that time. In fact, all engines today are variants of Buick's design. In 1903, he founded Buick Motor Company, which was later purchased by William Crapo Durant. Buick Motor Company became the cornerstone of General Motors. When he died of colon cancer in 1929, he was penniless, while Buick Motor Division had sold over two million automobiles that bore his name.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/David_Dunbar_Buick.jpg/200px-David_Dunbar_Buick.jpg
David Dunbar Buick

...in 1899, Friederich Bayer & Company received a patent on acetylsalicyclic acid, under the brand name Aspirin. As a result of losing World War I, the Treaty of Versailles stripped Germany, and Bayer, of the trademarks for Aspirin and Heroin in the United States, France, Russia and the United Kingdom. Today, the word "aspirin" is a generic term and may be used in lower case. However, in Germany, Canada, Mexico and over 80 other countries, the term is a registered trademark of Bayer and must be used in uppercase with the trademark symbol in those countries.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/BayerHeroin.png/180px-BayerHeroin.png
An early Bayer ad for Aspirin,
Heroin, Lycetol and Salophen

...in 1475, Michelangelo Buonarroti was born in Caprese, Italy, the son of a government administrator. He grew up in Florence, the center of early Renaissance art where his talent was noticed by Lorenzo de' Medici, ruler of the Florentine Republic and patron of the arts. He traveled to Bologna and Rome where he worked on his first important work, Pietý, which depicts Christ in the lap of the Virgin Mary. The two perfectly balanced figures were carved from a single block of marble. Once he completed David, a 17 foot statue from one block of marble, his reputation was forever made. In 1508, he was called back to Rome to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, his most famous work.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/The_Creation_of_Adam.jpg/800px-The_Creation_of_Adam.jpg
"Pull my finger."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 31 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1876, Don Ameche invented the telephone. Wait, that's not right. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. (Don Ameche played the inventor in the 1939 film, The Story of Alexander Graham Bell (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0031981/) and for many years afterward, the telephone was referred to by the slang name, "Ameche.") Bell had worked with his father, Melville Bell, to develop Visible Speech, a method of teaching the deaf to speak. Bell was fascinated by the concept of electrically transmitting speech. He was fascinated by Samuel Morse's invention of the telegraph that allowed messages to be transmitted instantly. The drawbacks were that messages were sent only one at a time and required delivery to and from a telegraph office. Bell wanted to invent a "harmonic telegraph" combining phonograph and telegraph technology. He used a diaphragm to convert speech to electrical signals and a matching diaphragm on the other end converted the signal to an audible sound. Bell's patent application beat a competing application, by Elisha Gray, by two hours. Gray, Thomas Edison and Western Union tried to develop a telephone system of their own, but Bell sued for patent infringement. The case went all the way to the Supreme Court, which upheld Bell's patent. It paved the way for the creation of the massive Bell Telephone System that grew into AT&T. (Bell also invented the metal detector in 1881, specifically to find the bullet lodged in the body of President James Garfield. The steel frame of his bed and the metal springs confused the device and skeptical doctors shooed him away.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/1876_Bell_Speaking_into_Telephone.jpg
Watson, come here. I want you.

...in 1936, Adolph Hitler thumbed his nose at the Treaty of Versailles by sending German troops into the demilitarized Rhineland. The Treaty of Versailles called for such stiff penalties and reparations that after the Germans were forced to sign it, they broke the pen. The treaty called for the German military to be stripped to insignificance and the Rhineland demilitarized. Two years later, the Nazis swallowed Austria and part of Czechoslovakia. In 1939, Germany overran Poland and started World War II.

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_PnjruCyyH70/SZEADSjIAJI/AAAAAAAAAMs/NW-TkxvFj4g/s400/1936%2Brhineland%2Binhabitants.jpg
Apparently, the inhabitants of the Rhineland were rather pleased to see the Nazis.

...in 1885, Kansas passed a law banning Texas cattle from March 1 to December 1 of every year. After the Civil War, ranchers in Texas wanted to get their cattle to the packing houses in St. Louis and Chicago. The best way to do that was to move cattle, via a cattle drive along the Chisholm Trail or other routes to Kansas, to the railheads at Abilene, Dodge City, Caldwell, Wllsworth, Hays and Newton. As Kansas aged and the image of the wild, wild west grew stale, local business owners were less impressed with dirty cattle and wild cowboys. Kansas recognized that agriculture was the future, not cattle, which added to the drive to ban cattle. Texas Longhorns were also immune to diseases spread by ticks that infested the cattle on the drives, infecting dairy cows. The winter window for cattle drives helped keep the spread of disease at bay. By the late 1880's cattle drives were pretty much done. Rail lines had been expanded to Texas and farms had stretched wire fences across the trails. The Kansas cattle quarantine became irrelevant by that point.

...in 1942, the first cadets graduated from the Tuskegee Flying School. The graduates of the Tuskegee Institute comprised the first African-American flying unit. They were known as the Redtails, for the distinctive paint on the vertical stabilizer of the units planes. The Tuskegee Airmen faced institutional racism that the unit fought as hard as they fought the Germans, but still distinguished themselves for their flying and fighting skills, earning the Distinguished Unit Citation. The unit earned wide respect, even the German Luftwaffe referred to them as "Schwarze Vogelmenschen" or the "Black Birdmen." At the end of the war, the Tuskegee Airmen were credited with 109 Luftwaffe aircraft shot down, a sunken destroyer and the destruction of uncounted fuel dumps, ammunition supplies, trains and trucks. The squadrons flew more than 15,000 sorties on 1,500 missions. Besides the Distinguished Unit Citations, the individual pilots were awarded many SIlver Stars, 150 Distinguished Flying Crosses, 8 Purple Hearts, 14 Bronze Stars and 744 Air Medals. 992 pilots were trained at Tuskegee, 445 were deployed overseas and 150 lost their lives in battle. It is claimed that the Redtails never lost a bomber that they escorted into battle. In 1948, President Harry Truman created the Air Force out of the Army Air Corps and desegregated the military, ending the run of the Tuskegee Airman. It was the end of a proud unit with a distinguished record.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Col_Benjamin_Oliver_Davis%2C_Jr.jpg/180px-Col_Benjamin_Oliver_Davis%2C_Jr.jpg
Colonel Benjamin O. Davis, Jr. was the
commander of the Tuskegee Airmen. Here he
is in Sicily with a P-47 Thunderbolt.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Happy Paçzki Day! There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday and no news.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 23 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Ponczki.jpg/250px-Ponczki.jpg

The delightful Polish pastry! It's Paçzki Day!

(Pronounced POONCH-key.) You can learn more about this delightful Polish Pastry in the Paçzki thread (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/happy-pa-zki-day-16594/).

On this date in History...

...in 1983, in a speech to the National Association of Evangelicals in Florida, President Ronald Reagan pronounced the Soviet Union was an "...evil empire..." for the second time in his presidency. His hard line stance against the communists became known as the Reagan Doctrine. He said that the Soviets “must be made to understand we will never compromise our principles and standards [nor] ignore the facts of history and the aggressive impulses of an evil empire.” To do so would mean abandoning “the struggle between right and wrong and good and evil.” The swelling of the defense budget in the testing and production of the Strategic Defense Initiative, or SDI, was commonly referred to as Star Wars. It was greatly protested by some world leaders, especially the Soviet Union, knowing that SDI would give the United States the upper hand in the arms race. At the same time, the Soviets were spending their own defense rubles to try to keep up with the US and SDI. The weight of socialist economy of the communists eventually collapsed on itself and ended the Soviet Union once and for all.

...also in 1983, IBM released PC-DOS 2.0 and another evil empire almost collapsed. For you kids who have no idea how good you have it, follow this link (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7izdGf6LZjY) to see an IBM-PC boot up on PC-DOS 2.0.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2f/PC-DOS.svg/150px-PC-DOS.svg.png
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b8/PC-DOS_1.10_screenshot.png/280px-PC-DOS_1.10_screenshot.png
Oh, the memories.

...in 1936, the first race strictly for stock cars was held at Daytona Beach, Florida. The race was the impetus for today's NASCAR, although at the time, there would have been no race, and probably no NASCAR, if a garage owner named Bill France hadn't promoted the event. There had been a race in 1934, in which France finished fifth, but the event lost money and the city withdrew. The Elks convinced them to do it again in 1935 but again, the city lost money and pulled out. France and a local club owner took over promotion and made it a money-maker. There was no race during World War II. France sponsored races all over the south, and called one a National Championship race. A news editor questioned how it could be a championship with no sanctioning body, so he formed one. In 1947, racing officials came together to replace his organization with the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing. The first NASCAR race was held in Daytona Beach on February 14, 1948 and that story was told in the Morning Update for Valentine's Day (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index272.html#post617176). (Some say the first race at Daytona Beach was between Alexander Winton and Ransom E. Olds in 1902. that story was told in the Morning Update, February 26 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index272.html#post622489).)

...in 1917, the February Revolution began on this day in 1917 in the Russian capital of Petrograd (now St. Petersburg) when riots and worker strikes began over shortages of food. Most of Russia had lost faith in the Czar and his government, and they had just about had enough. Later, on March 11, the Petrograd garrison was called out to regain control. Some regiments opened fire, but many frustrated soldiers switched to the revolutionary side and supported the demonstrators. The Czarist government was forced to resign and the Czar abdicated the throne, ending four centuries of czarist rule of Russia.

...in 1959, three brothers named Leonard, Adolph and Julius appeared together on television for the last time that they would appear together. They were better known by their stage names, Chico, Harpo and Groucho Marx, who had started in Vaudeville and made the move to Hollywood in the 1930s. There were two other brothers, Gummo and Zeppo, who had also been in the act but left to open what would become the largest talent agency in Hollywood. The Marx Brothers starred in such notable movies as The Cocoanuts, Animal Crackers, Monkey Business, Horse Feathers, Duck Soup, A Night At the Opera, A Day at the Races, Room Service, At the Circus, Go West, The Big Store, A Night in Casablanca, and Love Happy. Groucho became a hit as a game show host on both the radio and television versions of a program called You Bet Your Life. In 1959, the three were filming a pilot for a television series that was called Deputy Shamus where Chico and Harpo would be bumbling angels, Groucho played their boss, Deputy Shamus, and would appear in every third episode. The pilot was never finished, Chico had arteriosclerosis and couldn't even remember his lines. in 1959, Harpo and Chico made a film called The Incredible Jewel Robbery for General Electric Theater with Groucho appearing in the last scene. Groucho continued to work after Chico and Harpo's deaths and even introduced Johnny Carson as the new host of NBC's The Tonight Show in 1962.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Marx_Brothers_1948.jpg/180px-Marx_Brothers_1948.jpg
Groucho, Chico and Harpo Marx in 1949.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

If you're just hovering over the thread title and not actually opening it every morning, you're missing out on some great stuff everyday! Meanwhile, there actually were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 27 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1959, Barbara "Barbie" Millicent Roberts was born at the American Toy Fair in New York City. Barbie's mother was Ruth Handler, the co-founder of Mattel, Inc. with her husband in 1945. Ruth noticed her daughter ignoring baby dolls to play with adult cut-outs and she saw a niche for a toy that led to grown-up make-believe. In Germany, a doll named "Bild Lilli" that was based on a comic strip character, was made as an adult gag gift but an increasing number of girls were playing with the dolls. Handler modeled Barbie after Lilli and named the doll for her daughter, Barbara. Mattel used television advertising to market Barbie, and by 1962, the demand was so high that Mattel introduced a boyfriend (Ken Carson, named after Handler's son) a best friend named Midge and a little sister named Skipper. Barbie's measurements (reported to be 39-21-33, one group of eating disorder critics says 38-18-34) draw ire along with her resume of over 100 careers like professional shopper, yoga instructor, astronaut, NASCAR driver and Air Force pilot. One career - Dallas Cowboy cheerleader - earned Barbie a special award called a TOADY, Toys Oppressive and Destructive to Young Children. Even though sales have dropped off, even at the age of 50-something, Barbie remains one of the most popular inspirations for both prom and drag queens.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Barbie_1959_First_Editions.jpg/463px-Barbie_1959_First_Editions.jpg
Happy birthday to you,
Happy birthday to you,
Happy birthday, dear Barbie!
Happy birthday to you!

...in 1938, Bob Hope made his first movie appearance in The Big Broadcast of 1938. In the film, he sang the song called Thanks for the Memories that was forever associated as Bob Hope as his theme song.

...in 1901, a fire broke out in the Olds Motor Works factory in Detroit. There is a legend that Olds employee, James Brady, pushed one prototype out of the burning building, all the other 11 were destroyed. The surviving car, an Olds Runabout, became popularly known as the "Curved Dash Olds" that put Olds on the map and even inspired a hit song, In My Merry Oldsmobile. The $650 horseless carriage was assembled from parts, designed by Olds, but built by the Dodge Brothers, Henry Leland (of Cadillac and Lincoln fame) and Fred Fisher, part of the family that built carriages and then automobile bodies for General Motors. Ransom E. Olds would later say that the fire was a miracle because the curved dash Olds put his company on the map.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/In_My_Merry_Oldsmobile_a2701-1-72dpi.jpeg/250px-In_My_Merry_Oldsmobile_a2701-1-72dpi.jpeg

...in 1862, the CSS Virginia encountered the USS Monitor in the first battle of iron-clad naval vessels in history. The CSS Virginia was actually christened the USS Merrimac as a steam powered frigate but was captured by the Confederates and rebuilt with an iron reinforced hull and renamed the CSS Virginia. The steam frigate was an unstoppable foe. The Navy watched her sink the Congress and Cumberland with impunity and quickly began a project to built the Merrimac with a steel reinforced hull to counteract the Confederate ship. They met on March 9, sharing direct hit after direct hit with no damage. The Virginia launched a cannon blast that hit the pilot house of the Monitor, blinding the captain and allowing the Virginia to escape, so the historic battle ended in a draw. Two months later, the Virginia was trapped in the Norfolk River. With no possible escape, the crew detonated ammunition to destroy the ship rather than allow it to fall into Union hands.

http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/h57000/h57830.jpg
The CSS Virginia in a wash drawing by Clary Ray, courtesy of US Navy Archives.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 47 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1964, at the River Rouge plant in Dearborn, Michigan, the first Ford Mustang was built on the assembly line. The car would not be introduced, nor shown to the public, until April 12 but Ford began production on this date. The Mustang was an attempt to capitalize on the first wave of the Baby Boomers who were coming of age and looking for something more sporty than a big hardtop. The world thinks that the Mustang was the brainchild of Lee Ioccoca, but his role was really that of salesman. The car was developed by Don Frey, the product manager, and his team. Iococca had to sell the project to upper management, to the marketing group and ultimately to the public. The upper management of Ford, including Henry himself, were fearful of a radical new product, as they were still smarting from the Edsel debacle. Ioccoca knew he needed to make it without a major investment, so he chose the Falcon platform but placed new sheet metal and greenhouse over the car. It was marketed as small, muscular and young, a vehicle to freedom and fun lifestyle. At a base price of $2,368.00 it attracted hoards to Ford showrooms and Mustangs sold as fast as Ford could build them. Caught completely unaware, the industry had to race to catch a part of the market. GM had to rush the Camero/Firebird to production, as did Chrysler with the Barracuda and AMC with the Javelin in order to compete in the new "pony car" class. The Mustang has been called a testament to one of the greatest salesmen to ever hit the automobile industry.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/1964_ford_mustang_coupe_sd_02.jpg
The 1964-1/2 Ford Mustang

...in 1902, the case of Edison v. American Mutoscope Company was decided by the US Court of Appeals. Despite his claims, the court ruled that Edison did not invent the motion picture camera. As a consolation, the court ruled that Edison invented the perforations on film that allowed a sprocket system to move film reliably through the camera and projector.

...in 1918, Harry, Albert, Sam and Jack Warner, former owners of a nickelodeon company in Newcastle, Pennsylvania, released their first film, Four Years in Germany, as the Warner Brothers. The World War I story was made on a budget of $50,000 and grossed $1.5 million. It convinced the brothers that they should concentrate on production rather than distribution, as they had done up to that point. The studio did not incorporate until 1923 and and was on the fringe of the industry until 1927. It was 1927 that the Warners released The Jazz Singer, the first movie with sound.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Hollywood-Studios-1922.jpg
Warner Brothers Studios in the mid 1920s

...in 2006, the Cuban national baseball team played in the first World Baseball Classic. The Cubans played Puerto Rico, a team made up of American Major League All-Stars. The Cuban team was made up of unknowns that worked a $15 a month day job and played baseball at night. Puerto Rico defeated the Cubans, 12-2 but the event was far from over. In addition to the Puerto Rican team, the tournament also fielded teams from United States, Dominican Republic and Venezuela. The combined salaries of the professional players for the teams was $471 million, compared to the unknown Cubans. The game of baseball has been popular in Cuba since it was brought in by the Americans in the mid 19th Century. Even Fidel Castro was in the minor leagues before he led the revolution in Cuba. After the revolution, Fidel Castro abolished professional baseball and created a state-run athletic program, a la the Soviet Union. The Cuban teams have all done very well in international play, in fact, the Cubans won the gold medal at the Olympics in 1992, 1996 and 2004, and the silver medal in 2000 and 2008. Meanwhile, in the 2006 World Baseball Classic, the Cuban team defeated Puerto Rico to make it to the finals. There, they lost to Japan, a team that plays the same style of hustle ball that Cuba does. Japan featured pitcher Daisuke Matsuzaka and Ichiro Suzuki, who played for Seattle.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Cuba_Baseball.jpg/180px-Cuba_Baseball.jpg
The Cuban National Team before the 2006
International Cup gold medal game against
The Netherlands.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There was a little problem posting to CS last night, so today's report is a little late, but we're here. There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 24 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1901, a newspaper report in the Cincinnati Enquirer said that John McGraw, manager of the Baltimore Orioles, had signed an unknown ballplayer by the name of Chief Tokohama. He was later revealed to be Charlie Grant, a very talented 2nd baseman who also happened to be an African-American. McGraw saw an huge, untapped resource of talented ballplayers in the Negro Leagues, unable to play in the all-white Major Leagues. He was attempting to break the color barrier, 46 years before it finally did happen. McGraw was often seen in the stands at Negro League games, taking notes on players and strategies. He set up numerous exhibition games between the Orioles and Negro League teams. In 1917, pitcher Smokey Joe Williams struck out 20 batters in a game. Had records been kept of the exhibitions, the 20 K performance would have stood as a record for 69 seasons. Bob Feller, Ted Williams, Dizzy Dean, Paul Waner and Jimmie Foxx barnstormed with the Negro Leagues until they were finally integrated into the Major Leagues in 1947. By the way, it was Charlie Comisky of the Chicago White Sox who revealed the true identity of Chief Tokohama and blew the whistle on McGraw. As hard as McGraw worked for integration, he died in 1934, 13 years before Jackie Robinson took the field for the Brooklyn Dodgers.

http://bss.sfsu.edu/tygiel/hist490/19thcprofessional/19thcphotos/19thCrace/CGRANT%5B1%5D.jpg
Charlie Grant, aka Chief Tokohama

...in 2004, 191 people died and about 2,000 were injured when 10 bombs exploded on four trains in Madrid. The bombs had been detonated by cell phones. The deadliest attack in Europe since the Lockerbie bombing was thought to be the acts of a Basque separatist group. Many saw the attacks as a message of protest against Spain's participation in the Iraqi war. The attacks took place two days before a Spanish national election, and the anti-war Socialists were swept into power causing Spain to pull out of the coalition. A second bombing was attempted on April 2, but it failed and it led to a raid on the bombers. Seven committed suicide during the raid, 29 were arrested. A memorial to the bombing victims was placed in El Retiro park in Madrid, a forest of olive and cypress trees.

...in 1950, closing a 26 year run on radio, Chicago's National Barn Dance aired for the last time. Each week during the run, the live stage show drew over 1,000 people to watch the show go out over the NBC Radio network. It was the brainchild of George D. "Judge" Hay, an announcer who left Memphis to take a job with the new Chicago station, WLS. The National Barn Dance started as a local show on April 19, 1924, the first Saturday night after WLS went on the air. It was picked up by the NBC network in 1929. Hays left the station in 1925, he moved to Nashville's WSM where he helped create The Grand Ol' Opry, which is still on the air.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0a/Barndance.jpg/250px-Barndance.jpg
WLS National Barn Dance advertising card.

...in 1927, the first armored car robbery in history took place seven miles outside of Pittsburgh. The Flatheads Gang placed a mine that exploded under the car, badly injuring the five attendants and allowing the gang to steal $104,250.00 or payroll cash.

...in 1997, Paul McCartney became Sir Paul in a ceremony at Buckingham Palace. The famous musician said he was nervous but Queen Elizabeth made him feel quite comfortable about it all. McCartney, of course, used to belong to a band from the northern seaport of Liverpool that was known as The Beatles. He once said his major influence was Bill Haley and The Comets. He saw them "…on the telly…" and then scraped up 24 shillings to see them live. "I knew there was something going on here." He certainly did.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/PaulMcCartney60s.jpg/180px-PaulMcCartney60s.jpg
Paul McCartney, circa 1964

That's it. That's all we know as of 8:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 53 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1933, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt made his first of 30 Fireside Chats to the American radio audience. While they were simply addresses from the White House broadcast on radio, and from no where near a fireplace, the addresses became known as "Fireside chats." His first address started directly with, "I want to talk for a few minutes with the people of the United States about banking." FDR has instituted a four day bank holiday (something the Democrat controlled Congress would not give President Hoover one month before) in order to relax pressure on the banks remaining after 9,000 had failed. He asked people to not panic and withdraw all their money, because worrying about bank failure would be the very thing that caused it. At that point in 1933, the Great Depression was in it's deepest abyss with somewhere between 25 and 33% of the American workforce unemployed. FDR used the fireside chats to explain his New Deal policies that were also under fire from business, conservatives and other groups. Later, he would use the chats to explain his war policies. The White House received thousands of letters from Americans, acting as if FDR had come into their homes and spoken directly to them. It was a chance that FDR took to rely on a relatively new medium and it was one that paid off for him.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/US_President_Franklin_D_Roosevelt_signing_the_Bonn eville_Project_Act_-_19370820_(B%26W).jpg
FDR signing the Bonneville Project Act

...in 1923, the first film with sound on the film itself, called the Phonofilm, was demonstrated by the inventor, Lee de Forest. Prior to de Forest's invention, sound with film was either provided by live musicians (usually a piano or an organ) or a synchronized phonograph. Thomas Edison had demonstrated his Kinetophongraph as early as 1889, using his phonograph synchronized to films projected from his Kinetoscope. De Forest's invention of sound on film was a breakthrough, and it was aquired by Fox that was then called Movietone. The other studios elected to stay away from sound films until a standard was adopted. The competing Movietone and Warner's Vitaphone were not compatible. Warner broke the market first with a sound movie, Don Juan in 1926 that had music but no dialog, followed by the incredibly successful The Jazz Singer (1927) which had music and dialog. Since only about 200 movie theaters had the Vitaphone system, Warner's had to release a silent version of the film as well.

...in 1903, the New York Highlanders joined the fledgeling American League. The team moved to New York from Baltimore, where they were known as the Orioles. Fans referred to the Highlanders, charter members of the American League, as the Yankees, so the owners gave up and changed the name to Yankees in 1913. Meanwhile, the American League Milwaukee Brewers moved to St. Louis where they became the Browns. In 1954, the Browns then moved to Baltimore and adopted the name, Orioles. The Yankees, meanwhile, became the most successful franchise in professional sports.

...in 1831, Clement Studebaker was born in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. With his brother, Henry, the Studebakers opened a blacksmith shop in South Bend, Indiana. The brothers made their fortune building wagons for the US Army during the Civil War, and the Studebaker Brothers Manufacturing Company went on to become the largest wagon builder in the world. (Brother John Studebaker made his fortune in the 1849 Gold Rush in California - by building and selling wheelbarrows to the miners. He returned to South Bend to invest his earnings in the family wagon business.) The Studebakers would convert to building automobiles after the turn of the 20th Century. They built large, beautiful and powerful automobiles and in WWII, continued building materiel for the war effort. The post war automobile business was very competitive, however, and the Studebaker Company stopped building cars in 1966. Parts of the company still exist but the name, sadly, is long lost. (UPDATE: There is a Studebaker Motor Company based in Fort Worth, Texas. It does not appear to be affiliated with the Studebaker family, but the company intends to build scooters and automobiles.)

http://www.sil.si.edu/ondisplay/studebaker/thumbnails/SIL28-40-03.jpg
The Studebaker Factories, circa 1922
From the collections of the Smithsonian Institution

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 63 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1944, Charles E. "Cast Iron Charlie" Sorensen left Ford Motor Company, ending a career that spanned four decades. In the early days of Model T production, Sorensen took Henry Ford to an unused floor of the Picquette Avenue Plant. There, he tied a rope to a Model T frame and dragged it across the floor while workers attached parts to the frame. Sorenson was emulating the motion of a car coming to the workers, instead of the workers going to the car, which was the preferred method of automobile production at the time. Not long after, the famous Ford assembly line was created. Sorensen was the driving force behind the creation of the Model A driveline and the one-piece casting of the V8, which earned him the nickname of "Cast Iron Charlie." His crowning achievement at Ford was the conception, construction and management of the Willow Run Plant, where Ford Motor Company built B-24 Liberator bombers at the rate of one per hour - an unparalleled feat in the history of the aircraft industry. With the success of Willow Run, however, came fame. Sorensen had made a career of staying in the background, allowing Henry Ford to take the credit and bask in the spotlight but the success of the Willow Run Plant brought Sorenson media attention. In 1943, after the death of Edsel Ford, Henry promoted Harry Bennet above Sorensen. He graciously resigned after he realized that he had fallen from favor and his career at Ford Motor Company was over.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/CharlesESorensen_B-24LiberatorFacto.jpg
Charles E. "Cast Iron Charlie" Sorensen

...in 1960, after the completion of a woeful 2-10 season, the Chicago Cardinals football team moved to St. Louis. The Chicago Cardinals were a part of the National Football League from the beginning, when they played in Racine, Wisconsin as the Racine Cardinals. With the move to Comiskey Park, they became the Chicago Cardinals and the south side rival to the Chicago Bears. The Cardinals had some success over the decades, but in the 1950s the team's fortunes continued to decline. It was obvious they would always be Chicago's "other team" so they packed up their sticks and moved to St. Louis, were they would stay until 1988 when they moved to Arizona.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/57/Chicago_cardinals.png

...in 1970, Digital Equipment Corporation, or DEC, introduced the PDP-11 minicomputer to replace the venerable PDP-8. The 16-bit minicomputer was a popular device in it's day but by the end of the 1980s, minicomputers were all replaced by microcompters, more commonly known as PCs. The entire New England computer industry, led by DEC, Wang Laboratories, Apollo, and others was pretty much gone.

http://www.hschumacher.de/assets/images/db_images/db_decPDP11-343.jpg
A DEC PDP-11/34 (Programed Data Processor).

...in 1925, the State of Tennessee outlawed the teaching of evolution in the public schools. The passage of the law set the stage for Inherit the Wind (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0053946/), the Scopes Monkey Trial.

...in 1942, the US Army Quartermaster Corps began training dogs for the newly formed K-9 Corps. During WWI, about a million dogs were used by both sides to run messages. The most famous of these dogs was an abandoned puppy, just days old, found in a German bunker in France in 1918. Rin Tin Tin and his sister, Nannette, were taken to Hollywood. (They were named for finger puppets that were given as good luck charms to American soldiers in France.) Rin Tin Tin first starred in a film called The Man from Hell's River. The German Shepherd breed was little known before Rinty, he made the breed very popular. (He was a staple at Warner's, made 27 films and had 18 stand-ins before his death in 1932.) Perhaps Rin Tin Tin had an influence on the K-9 Corps as the German Shepherd was one of seven breeds considered by the QMC, along with Dobermans, Belgian Shepherds, Collies, Siberian Huskies, Malumutes, and Eskimo dogs. Once past basic training, the dogs were specialized as sentries, scouts and patrol dogs, messengers or as mine detectors. The "Top Dog" of World War II was Chips. Perhaps inspired by Rinty, Chips broke away from Pvt. John P. Rowell, his handler, and attacked an Italian pillbox. He caused so much mayhem that the entire crew surrendered to him. Wounded, Chips was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, Silver Star and Purple Heart. The Army brass later took his medals away, claiming that the army did not allow animals to be given commendation, the curmudgeons. The defended their decision by declaring Chips to be "equipment." Disney made a biography in 1990 entitled Chips the War Dog.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/edward-a-bellande-with_rin-tin-tin-.jpg
Rin Tin Tin (Left) and Edward A. Bellande

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/K9_051605.jpg
Chips, the decorated war dog, had
his medals stripped when US Army
brass decided Chips was "equipment."

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 29 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1950, the FBI today introduced the "Ten Most Wanted Fugitives" in an attempt to make wider public awareness of the dangerous criminals that are at large. The list grew out of a news story in 1949 that talked about the "toughest guys" that the FBI was looking for. There was a great deal of positive public reaction, including unsolicited tips, that J. Edgar Hoover approved a plan to publish the list. Between 1950 and 2007, 420 of the fugitives who made the list were captured, more than 120 of them as a direct result of tips from the general population. About the only way a crook can get off the list is to be captured or to die. The FBI also works closely with Fox's America's Most Wanted to publicize the whereabouts of felons at large.

http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten/usama-bin-laden/image_thumb
Usama bin Hidin' still leads the list.
Click on this link to read about the current Ten Most Wanted (http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten).


...in 1976, Busby Berkeley died in Palm Springs. He had been retired from the film industry since the 1950s when the golden era of Hollywood musicals came to and end. Berkeley was born to a stage director and an actress, and he was on the New York stage at the age of 5. He went to military school, served in WWI, then started working on Broadway where he quickly rose to become a top choreographer. In the 1920's, his work caught the attention of Samuel Goldwyn, who convinced him to try a movie in 1930, including, Kiki, the only musical for America's Sweetheart, Mary Pickford. He jumped to Warner Brothers where he developed his signature, more than elaborate dance routines with geometric shapes and complex patterns. He began the technique of filming the dance numbers from overhead, showing off elaborate (and suggestive) costumes that delighted depression-era audiences. When the age of the musical was over, he had done choreography for more than two dozen movies and he directed 20 more himself. Some of his favorites included Girl Crazy (noted for the "I Got Rythm" number) Babes on Broadway (1941) Million Dollar Mermaid (1952 with Esther Williams) and Rose Marie in 1954. He came out of retirement to do the choreography for the revival of No, No Nanetter on Broadway in 1971. He is fondly remembered for his extravagent choreography that has been emulated, but never equaled. (Dom DeLuise even paid him homage in Blazing Saddles.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/80/Footlight_Parade_Waterfall.jpg
The "By A Waterfall" number in the 1933 film
Footlight Parade used one of the largest
soundstages ever built. Warner's built it specifically
for Berkeley's production numbers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Dames_production.jpg/262px-Dames_production.jpg
Berkeley's choreography usually used geometric patterns,
like this one from Dames (1934) filmed from above to show
the intricate patterns.

...in 1879, Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany. When he was growing up, as it turns out, Einstein was no Einstein, he had a great deal of trouble with school until he found the study of math and physics at the Federal Polytechic Academy in Zurich. After becoming a Swiss citizen, he earned his Ph.D. while working at the Swiss patent office. It was 1905 that became his annus mirablis, the miracle year, when he published five papers that would forever change the direction of the study of physics. His theory that light is made up of small particles, photons, while acting together as a swave, earned him the 1921 Nobel prize for physics. Two of his papers mathematical proof of the existence of atoms, which was still in disupte at the time. The fourth paper outlined his special theory of relativity, where he explained that space and time are fluid and relative to the position of the observer. The fifth paper was where he explained that mass and energy have a relationship, and that energy is equal to the mass of an object times the square of the speed of light in a vacuum. The conversion of mass to energy was the basis of the atomic bomb, and after its creation and use, Einstein spent the rest of his life working for peace. In a bizarre twist to the Einstein legacy, when he died, his brain was removed from his body, without his family's permission. Thomas Stoltz Harvey removed and preserved his brain for future study by pathologists to try and determine what made him so intelligent. This fact was kept secret until 1978 when a journalist discovered the brain in Dr. Harvey's possession.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Citizen-Einstein.jpg/180px-Citizen-Einstein.jpg
Albert Einstein (1879 - 1955) receiving his
American citizenship papers in 1940.

http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51JHRDDNZ4L._BO2,204,203,200_PIsitb-sticker-arrow-click,TopRight,35,-76_AA240_SH20_OU01_.jpg
The story of Einstein's brain was described in a book
by Michael Paterniti. It is a very interesting read!

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Welcome to the Ides of March. There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 44 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 44 BC, despite warnings from soothsayers, Julius Caesar was stabbed by 60 conspirators, led by Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus on this, The Ides of March. Caesar was born in the Julii family, a Roman aristocratic family of not much importance in 78 BC. He rose to prominence in the anti-patrician Popular Party for his reformist ideals and skill as a captivating speaker. Caesar raised a private army and became an ally of Pompey, the leader of the Popular Party. He then took over the party when Pompey was sent out of Rome in 67 BC to lead the Eastern Roman Army. In 64 BC, Caeser was appointed "pontifex maximus" (most high priest) and in 63 BC he became the governor of Spain. He later returned to Rome, ambitious for the position of Consul, the highest office in Rome. In 59 BC, he was elected to the post. He won a civil war and in 45 BC was elected dictator for life. The conspirators were afraid that Caesar would be the end of the Roman Republic and conspired to assassinate him, which occurred on this date in 44 BC. The result was not exactly what the conspirators wanted, as the assassination caused yet another civil war. At the end of the war, Caesar's grand-nephew Octavian, emerged as Caesar Augustus, the first Roman Emperor, and the republic was forever lost. (Christians recognize the significance of Caesar Augustus in the life of Jesus Christ.)

(The Ides of March was the first day of the pre-Julian New Year. It also marks the first day of spring in the Roman calendar. One of the good things Julius Caesar did was to implement the Julian Calendar, which was based on a 365-1/4 day solar year. Under the dictate of Pope Gregory XIII in 1582, the Julian calendar was adjusted to correct for 16 centuries of leap year errors, remarkably only three days. Although now commonly referred to as the Gregorian Calendar, it is essentially the very same calendar put into use by Julius Caesar but drops extraneous Leap Years every 400 years. Julius Caesar renamed the month of Quantilis ("Fifth Month") to Juli in his own honor, and stole one day from Februus to make his month 31 days long and seem more important. His great-nephew Augustus did the same thing, renaming the month of Sextilis ("Sixth Month") to Augustus and hijacking a day from Februus to also make his month 31 days.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Cesar-sa_mort.jpg/300px-Cesar-sa_mort.jpg
The Morte di Giulio Cesare (Death of Caesar)
by Vincenzo Camuccini

...in 1911, the son of the man who invented the internal combustion engine incorporated his own aircraft company. Gustav Otto incorporated Gustav Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik Muchen to build airplanes. He would later merge his company with Karl Rapp's firm, Rapp Motorenwerke, to form the Bayerische Motoren-Werke, more commonly known as BMW. In fact, there is a legend that the BMW logo represents the aircraft days, the white quads representing a prop cutting through the blue sky, but BMW denies this.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f9/BMW_Logo.svg/160px-BMW_Logo.svg.png

...in 1917, Czar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate the throne of Russia in the face of the February Revolution. The February Revolution began in March and the Russian army first defended the Czar but eventually fell in with the striking workers of Petrograd (now St. Petersburg) and the Czar had no choice but to abdicate. He and his family were held in Czarskoye Selo Palace, later in Yekaterinburg Palace in Tobolsk where they remained while Lenin's Bolsheviks took power in 1918. The Bolsheviks were concerned with a potential rescue of the czar, so the entire family and servants were shot to death on July 16, 1918. (See Morning Update, February 2 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index271.html#post611658) for the story of Anastasia, the youngest daughter of the deposed czar.) An unstable government ensued, which resulted in Red October (the Bolshevik Revolution) in November, 1917 that led to the formation of the USSR.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3d/Tsar_Nicholas_II_-1898.JPG/210px-Tsar_Nicholas_II_-1898.JPG
Nicholas II, Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias

Note: How did the February Revolution begin in March and how did Red October occur in November? The reason is, at the time, Russia had not adopted the Gregorian Calendar and was still using the Julian Calendar, as described above.)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

This is a very significant day in American military history. Many of you only hover your mouse over the title, read the opening lines then move on, but I implore you to open today's message and take it to heart. Meanwhile, there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 38 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1926, the first liquid fueled rocket was launched, launching with it the dreams that space travel was within reach of those who dared to dream it. Before this flight, space travel was impossible. A solid-fuel rocket, once fired, stops only when the fuel is expended. It is burned out at that point and cannot be relit. A liquid fuel rocket can be stopped and restarted, a necessary trait for space travel. Robert H. Goddard's liquid fuel rocket was launched from Auburn, Massachusetts and reached a height of 41 feet in 2-1/2 seconds, it reached a speed of 60 MPH and landed 184 feet downrange. The rocket was certainly not the first rocket built or launched, the Chinese built military rockets in the 13th Century using gunpowder but it seems they built fireworks rockets even before that. There were military rockets in use in Europe sometime in the 13th Century. A British rocket barrage during the War of 1812 inspired Francis Scott Key to write the Star Spangled Banner. British engineers made several advancements in rocket technology in the 19th Century and in 1903, a Russian inventor by the name of Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky published a paper about rocket science, that perhaps, Robert Goddard might have read. Goddard was fascinated with space travel as a boy, influenced by H.G. Wells and others. He proved rockets could operate in a vacuum and patented the concept of a multi-stage, liquid fueled rocket. In 1919, Goddard's work, A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes was published by the Smithsonian. The press ridiculed his theories, in fact, the The New York Times said in 1920 that Goddard "lack[s] the knowledge ladled out daily in high schools" because he believed rockets could operate in space. (The Times retracted the statement three days before Neil Armstrong walked on the moon in 1969.) Goddard continued his work without government support in Roswell, New Mexico until he died in 1945. Today the Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland is named in his honor. (The American government didn't seem very interested in Goddard's work, but the Germans did. Wehrner von Braun and his team used Goddard's efforts to design rockets for the Nazis, that were used against the British during WWII. Von Braun and his team later came to the United States to form what would become NASA.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Goddard_and_Rocket.jpg/250px-Goddard_and_Rocket.jpg
Robert Hutchings Goddard and the first liquid-fueled
rocket launched, March 16, 1926.

...in 1802, Congress authorized the founding of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York for the express purposed of training young men in the theory and practice of military sciences. Today, the academy is usually referred to simply as West Point. The academy is located on the west side of the Hudson River, on a high bluff that was the location of a strategic Revolutionary War fort. It was General Benedict Arnold who was in command of the fort and tried to sell its surrender to the British for the sum of £6,000, but the plot was uncovered before it could unfold and Armold became America's first and most notorious traitor. West Point's saddest era was when graduates faced off against one another during the Civil War, however, it has been the school of some of the most brilliant military minds ever, civil engineers, business and civic leaders, and two Presidents of the United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/USMA_Aerial_View_Looking_North.jpg/180px-USMA_Aerial_View_Looking_North.jpg
The United States Military Academy
at West Point, New York.

...in 1958, the Ford Motor Company built its 50,000,000th automobile, a Thunderbird. (In 1966 on this date, General Motors built its 100,000,000th car.) While GM was always a conglomerate of many car companies, Ford was a family run business that did not go public until the 1950s, more than 50 years after its founding. (Some sources claim the 50 millionth Ford was a Galaxie, built in 1953. It all depends on which source you want to believe.)

...in 1945, the fighting came to an end on Iwo Jima. The intense battle for the mass of volcanic rock in the Pacific Ocean began in December 1944 with constant bombing of the island. The island is hallowed ground for Marines, the most sacred place on earth for this was the largest, longest and most fierce amphibious landing in the history of modern warfare.
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/IwoJima/lbattle-1.gif
The first sorties of the battle actually occurred in June of 1944 when US Navy planes made several bombing runs on the island, as if to drop a calling card on the Japanese forces there. Planning for the massive invasion began in October, 1944. On December 8, 1944, the navy began 74 straight days of bombardment of the island, from air and shipboard artillery.
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/IwoJima/USS_New_York-11.jpg
The USS New York was part of the pounding of Iwo Jima before the landing. Unknown to the Americans,
the bombardment had little effect on the Japanese forces that were burrowed in
underground, in 16 miles of tunnels built in preparation for this day.

On February, 19, 1945, the Fourth and Fifth Marines landed on the island and established a foothold on the beach. The volcanic sand has no body to it, and the digging of foxholes was virtually impossible with sand filling in the hole with each shovelful taken. The marines never saw a Japanese soldier, they were all underground in 16 miles of tunnels dug into the rock. Unknown to the marines, each time the personnel in a pillbox were killed, another group simply climbed up from a tunnel and replaced their fallen comrades. On February 23, an American flag was planted on Mt. Suribachi but the island was far from secure. The intense fighting continued well into March. On March 16, the last organized Japanese resistance mounted an ill-fated attack and was instantly crushed. When the last marines left the island in April, of the 110,000 US Marines that landed, 19,189 were wounded and 6,821 had died. Of the 22,786 men in the Japanese garrison, 21,703 were killed and 1,083 were captured. With over 130,000 US and Japanese troops on the island, Iwo Jima was the most densely populated 7-1/2 mile stretch of land in the world.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/IwoJima/lbattlc-1.gif
The invasion began on February 19, 1945.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Sixth_Fleet_during_invasion_of_Iwo_Jima.jpg/180px-Sixth_Fleet_during_invasion_of_Iwo_Jima.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Marines_burrow_in_the_volcanic_sand_on_the_beach_o f_Iwo_Jima.jpg/180px-Marines_burrow_in_the_volcanic_sand_on_the_beach_o f_Iwo_Jima.jpg
The largest amphibious assault in history was made here. Marines dug in on the beach.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/IwoJima/lbona-1.gif
FDR picked up the New York Times one morning and saw the Joe Rosenthal photograph, again, and sensing a PR masterpiece, ordered that the six men in the photo be brought home for a War Bond Tour. Three of the flag raisers were already dead, and by the time they got to Washington, so was President Roosevelt. Here, John Bradley, Rene Gagnon and Ira Hayes explain the photo to President Truman. (Gagnon is pointing to himself.) The fifth man is unidentified. The 7th Bond Tour raised $24 Billion, the largest bond tour ever. Just how big was it? The total US Budget in 1946 was $56 Billion.

See Morning Update, February 23, 2009 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index272.html#post620779) for more about the flag raising over Mount Suribachi and the Battle of Iwo Jima.

For several years now, there has been a story flying around the Internet about a group of Wisconsin students, on a bus tour, who stopped at the Marines Memorial in Arlington, Virginia, where James Bradley gave an impromptu talk about Iwo Jima. The story is true, although, some paragraphs have been added that were not part of the original story. Please, take a quick visit to The Boys of Iwo Jima (http://www.snopes.com/military/sixboys.asp) and read the article there.

That's it. That's all we know as of 11:01 PM, EDT, 3/15/11.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Happy St. Patrick's Day! There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had only 20 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1762, the first St. Patrick's Day parade was held - not in Dublin, but in New York City, New York. Irish emigrants to the United States, often coming over as indentured servants, brought the tradition of celebrating the Feast of St. Patrick on March 17 each year. As Irish populations swelled across the United States, so did the tradition and today, millions celebrate St. Patrick's Day in the United States, where the day is a big deal, far bigger than in Ireland itself.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2f/Stpatrick.jpg/150px-Stpatrick.jpg
St. Patrick, the
Patron Saint of Ireland.

...in 1905, former President Teddy Roosevelt, a Republican, gave away his niece in marriage, Ann Eleanor Roosevelt, to his cousin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. (Both Democrats.) It was a less than happy marriage, in fact, Eleanor was devastated to learn in 1918 that FDR was having an affair with her secretary, Lucy Mercer. Eleanor was going to leave Franklin, but such a breakup would have ended his political career. His mother convinced Eleanor to stay in the marriage, using the Roosevelt wealth as a lever. She stayed with him but they lived separate lives while maintaining a fascade of marital bliss for political purposes. More rumors of romantic intrigue surrounded both for years. As First Lady, Eleanor was active in numerous do-gooder causes, which she continued after FDR's death in 1945. Eleanor lived until 1962.

...in 1901, 71 paintings by Vincent van Gogh were displayed in Paris at the Bernheim-Jeune Gallery to world wide acclaim. Just eleven years prior, while living in Paris, van Gogh committed suicide, convinced his paintings were worthless and his life a waste. He sold only one painting during his lifetime. (In 1987, Yasuda Sunlowers sold for $40 million at Christie's. Controversy rages over Yasuda Sunflowers as it might be a very, very good forgery, which is why it is identified with a name other than Van Gogh's.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/5351dfe4.jpg
Canal with Women Washing sold for $18 million in 1999.

http://www.vangoghgallery.com/catalog/image.aspx?fn=images/0612.jpg
Stary Night is one of his most beloved paintings and certainly my favorite.

...in 461, St. Patrick perished in London. He was born c. 387 in Wales, and when he was about 16 he was kidnapped and taken to Ireland as a slave. He escaped, returned to his family and entered the church. He returned to Ireland as a missionary and converted most of Ireland to Catholocism. His death is believed to have been on March 17, 461 and the Feast of St. Patrick is held on this date to remember his deeds. Part of the legend says that St. Patrick used the shamrock as a teaching tool, the three leaves of the shamrock were said to represent the Trinity, and the shamrock remains a universal symbol of Ireland. The history of Ireland since the time of St. Patrick is filled with violence, political upheaval and civil unrest. The Catholic Irish and the Protestant Irish have been at each other for centuries, the Protestants are usually thought to descend from the British rulers. The flag consists of three colors, green white and orange. The green represents the Catholics, the orange the protestants and the white symbolizes the peace that separates the two. So don't hate those who wear orange on St. Patrick's day, they are showing their Irish roots, too.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/tricolour.gif
The modern Irish flag represents Catholics (green)
Protestants (orange) and the peace in the land, white.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 38 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1766, the British repealed the Stamp Act, a method of taxation on the American colonies to finance a standing army in those colonies. It was passed on March 22, 1765 and led to an uproar that fed into the "No taxation without representation" rallying cry of the revolution. Taxes had been used in the past by Great Britain to regulate trade, but this was the first time a tax was used specifically to raise funds from the colonists. The act forced colonists to purchase a stamp for use on all legal documents, which colonists met with demostrations that sometimes resulted in violence, personal injury to British tax collectors and property damage. The act was repealed, but the same day, Parliment passed the Declaratory Acts, stating that the British government had total legislative power over the colonies.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/stamp3.gif

...in 1931, Col. Jacob Schick's "Schick Company" began marketing the first electric shaver. Although it was not widely accepted at first, it soon caught on and by 1937, 1.5 million units had been sold. After WWII, models for women became avaialble. Today, the old Schick factory is owned and operated by Norelco, a division of Phillps, the electronics conglomerate based in the Netherlands. Norelco acquired Schick several years ago.

...in 1929, General Motors aquired Adam Opel A.G. in Germany, in order to help open the European market without attracting attention as an American company. (Henry Ford had already set up manufacturing operations in several worldwide markets.) GM still operates Opel, but stopped importing Opel automobiles to the United States in the mid 1970s.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Opel_Kadett_B.jpg/250px-Opel_Kadett_B.jpg
The Opel Kadett was the staple of the Opel line for many years.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Opel_GT%2C_Bj._1973_am_16.07.2006.jpg/250px-Opel_GT%2C_Bj._1973_am_16.07.2006.jpg
The Opel GT remains a popular sports car, although it is
most usually seen in the hands of collectors today.

...in 1850, American Express was founded in New York City by Henry Wells and John Butterfield. It was established as a freight forwarding and express delivery service at a time when the US Post Office carried only letters. In the 1880s, American Express began to offer financial instruments, such as money orders, and began a service to transfer funds to and from Europe, establishing offices in London and Paris. The freight business was abandoned for the full-service finacial corporation it is today, operating in over 130 countries around the world.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f9/Henry_Wells_color_portrait.jpg/220px-Henry_Wells_color_portrait.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/1862fargos.jpg/225px-1862fargos.jpg
Henry Wells and William G. Fargo. Wells founded Wells College.
Fargo, ND was named for Wm. Fargo.

...in 1852, Henry Wells and William G. Fargo formed a partnership in New York City. Wells and Fargo were among the founders of American Express. When directors of American Express objected to expanding into California, Wells and Fargo, along with several other investors, launched Wells, Fargo & Company as America's only express company to operate between New York and San Francisco. The 1849 gold rush created a huge demand for eastern products in the west and a way to ship freight from California back east. Originally using ships and break-bulk across the Ithmus of Panama, Wells, Fargo & Co. later began contracting with smaller stagecoach lines to move freight overland. In 1857, Wells, Fargo & Co. started the Overland Mail Company, also known as the Butterfield Line, providing regular mail and passenger service. The 1850s was a tumultuous decade for business in the United States, and while many competitors failed, Wells, Fargo and Company earned a reputation for reliability and trustworthiness, even offering horseback pick up and delivery of special parcels. Instead of being run out of business by the transcontinental railroad, Wells, Fargo and Co. embraced it, using the railroad for the long hauls but still providing local delivery. In 1905, the banking portion of the company broke from the freight business and opened new headquarters in San Francisco. When the earthquake of 1906 destroyed San Francisco and the Wells Fargo Bank building, the vaults remained intact and the bank continued to grow. During WWI, the freight lines and railroads were nationalized. The vast Wells Fargo freight lines became the Railway Express Agency and put Wells Fargo out of business as a freight carrier. Wells Fargo Bank remained intact and continues to this day as one of the largest and strongest banks in America.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/wallpaper1_photo.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EST.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 44 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 2003, after years of thumbing his nose at the United Nations and the rest of the world, Saddam Hussein suddenly found his country under attack by the United States and coalition forces to topple the regime, free the Iraqi people from the iron fist that ruled them and disrupt Hussein's program to develop weapons of mass destruction. Hussein had been playing "cat & mouse" with UN Weapons inspectors, leading world leaders to believe Hussein had such weapons (he had used such weapons on his own people) and that his arsenal was smuggled out of Iraq before the war started. When the war started, Hussein bragged "it is without doubt that the faithful will be victorious against aggression" but immediately went into hiding. He was eventually found in a crude, underground hole. Hussein was tried by the new Iraqi government, found guilty of crimes against humanity and executed on December 30, 2006. No weapons of mass destruction were found in Iraq.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Saddamcapture.jpg/120px-Saddamcapture.jpg
Saddam Hussein after his capture.

...in 1931, the state of Nevada, in the face of economic woes from the Great Depression, took the step to legalize gambling. The United States acquired the Nevada Territory as part of the settlement of the Mexican War in 1848, but not many people chose to live there. The discovery of the "Comstock Lode" of silver and gold changed all that in 1859, with settlers streaming into the mining areas. In 1861, the territory was made into a state in order to strengthen the Union during the Civil War. By the 1930s, though, mining was in decline and the state economy was in dire straits. Las Vegas, a sleepy crossroads in 1905, has since become the entertainment capitol of the world. In addition to the famous casinos and clubs, it also offers the largest convention facility available. (Comdex and the Consumer Electronics Show, the largest computer show and electronics show respectively, are held in Las Vegas each year because there is no other facility in the world that can handle it.) The nearly two million people who live in the greater metropolitan area depend on gaming and hospitality for their incomes, but the state's revenues from gaming make one of only a few states without income taxes.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/LasVegasSign06212005.jpg/800px-LasVegasSign06212005.jpg
The Las Vegas sign has reached icon status.

...in 1945, German Home Army General Friederich Fromm was shot by a firing squad. Fromm was complicit, but an unwilling participant, in an assassination attempt against Adolph Hitler. Several high ranking German officials believed that the assassination of Adolph Hitler was the only way they could save their country from the suicidal mission that Hitler had set in motion during the 1930s. With two fronts going badly and millions of people being systematically murdered in concentration camps, the leaders thought his death would be their only escape. The plan was set into motion but as luck would have it, fate intervened. Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg planted a bomb under a conference table, in a briefcase. Colonel Heinz Brandt moved the briefcase, and when the bomb went off, Hitler was wounded but did not perish. Meanwhile, the rest of the conspirators were about to launch a plan called Operation Valkyrie to take over the government. The conspirators were quickly rounded up and dispatched. (A 2008 Tom Cruise movie entitled Valkyrie was based on these events.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1969-168-07%2C_Friedrich_Fromm.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1969-168-07%2C_Friedrich_Fromm.jpg
Generaloberst Friedrich Fromm

...in 1918, the United States enacted Daylight Savings Time as a way to conserve resources during World War II. The entire concept came from British builder, William Willett in 1905. He noticed, early one morning, that much daylight was wasted and missed by most citizens. He published a pamphlet and campaigned vigorously for his idea to lengthen days by 80 minutes during the Summer. Willet died in 1915, before his plan would be implemented in 1916, during World War I. (It actually was implemented by the Germans before anyone else in Europe.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Willett_memorial.JPG/180px-Willett_memorial.JPG
William Willett is remembered by this sundial,
which is set to DST year 'round.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 39 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1928, the founder of the Ohio Automobile Company and the Packard Motor Car Company died at the age of 64, in Cleveland. James Packard, along with his brother William, started their careers by manufacturing lamps when they founded the Packard Electric Company in their hometown of Warren, Ohio. James purchased a Winton Motor Carriage, and was so disappointed with it that decided to built his own automobile. He completed it in 1899 and began to drive it around Warren. The brothers decided to build automobiles, but were savvy enough to separate the operations. The Ohio Automobile Company was incorporated in 1900 and they sold two automobiles to William D. Rockefeller. In 1901, an employee was arrested for speeding, which was nationally publicized and Packard answered a question about performance by saying, "Ask the man who owns one." It became one of the most famous slogans in the industry. Unfortunately, the resulting demand left Packard with more customers than cars. Henry B. Joy, a Detroit financier, liked his Packard so much that he bought the company. It was reorganized and renamed the Packard Motor Car Company. Packards were the first cars to have a steering wheel instead of a tiller and the first to use the H gear shift pattern. Henry B. Joy was a motoring enthusiast, and besides being president of Packard, he would go on to be the president of the Lincoln Highway Association. He was tireless in promoting Packards and the need for good roads. Joy traveled the country from coast-to-coast each year on his beloved Lincoln Highway. (The Packard Electric Company was acquired by General Motors in 1932 as the Packard Electric Systems, and it would evolve into Delphi.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Lincoln%20Highway/6c5aa832.jpg
1902 Packard Advertisement. Note the
famous slogan - "Ask the man who owns one."

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Model_A/LHC1426-1.jpg
A 1915 Packard TwinSix Touring, the official
Lincoln Highway Association field car in
Crestline, Ohio.

...in 1854, the Republican Party came to life in Ripon, Wisconsin. A meeting of former members of the Whig Party met for the purpose of forming a party dedicated to the opposition of slavery. The Whig Party was formed in 1834 but had proven ineffective in the slavery crisis. The Republicans quickly gained support in the north. The first presidential election with a Republican candidate was in 1856 and John C. Fremont won 11 of the 16 northern states. The party grew so quickly that several southern states threatened to secede if the Republican candidate, Abraham Lincoln, won the election. He did, and they did, and the Civil War began in April, 1861. The Republicans dominated the American Presidency until FDR in 1932, with both parties trading terms since. (Truman-D, Eisenhower-R, Kennedy-D, Johnson-D, Nixon-R, Ford-R, Carter-D, Reagan-R, Bush-R, Clinton-D, Bush-R, Obama-D. Gerald Ford was not elected.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Birthplace_of_the_US_Republican_Party_2.jpg/800px-Birthplace_of_the_US_Republican_Party_2.jpg
The Little White Schoolhouse, Birthplace of the Republican Party, Ripon, Wisconsin.

...in 1934, Mildred "Babe" Didrikson pitched for the Philadelphia Athletics against the Brooklyn Dodgers. She walked one and gave up no hits. She was born in 1911 in Port Arthur, Texas and earned the nickname of Babe, after Babe Ruth, because she could hit a baseball further than anyone else in town. She excelled in basketball and track and field, and she qualified for the 1932 Olympics. In the Olympics, she qualified for five events, but the rules only allowed women to participate in three events. She won two golds and a silver, actually tied for the gold but the judges didn't like her style. After the Olympics, she took up golf and dominated women's golf for two decades, winning 82 tournaments, 21 straight in 1947-48 and 19 straight in 1949. Didrikson also helped found the LPGA and she continually asked, and was continually denied, to play in the mens' US Open. (The rules about women playing in mens' tournaments were changed specifically because of her.) In 1950, she was named the Athlete of the Half Century. Learn more about this incredible woman at the Babe Didrikson Zaharias (http://www.babedidriksonzaharias.org/) website.

http://www.babedidriksonzaharias.org/images/TheBabe.jpg
Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias (1911-1956)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Pay attention today, there's a special treat at the end for those of you who actually read the posting today! There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 30 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1871, Henry Morton Stanley began the expedition to locate the missing Dr. David Livingstone. In 1865, Livingstone had set out into the "Dark Continent" of Africa in an attempt to find the source of the Nile River, his goal was a two year search. Livingstone was also an abolitionist and wanted to end the slave trade. He was missing after six years and the editor of the New York Herald, James Gordon Bennett, Jr. decided to send Stanley to search for him, planning to capitalize on the publicity the search would bring. Stanley was an interesting case himself, a Welch orphan who came to America on a merchant ship, which he jumped in New Orleans where he he joined the Confederate army, eventually deserting and joining the Union army. He set out from Zanzibar in March with 2000 men. Eight months and several illnesses later, Stanley came to the village of Ujii on Lake Tanganyika. Stanley spotted a white man that looked tired and worn. He walked up to the man, offered his hand and said, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?" to which Livingstone replied, "Yes, and I feel thankful that I am here to welcome you." He did not heed Stanley's pleas to return to England and continued his work. He died 18 months later in Zambia. His remains were embalmed and sent to London, where they were buried in Westminster Abby.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/David_Livingstone.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Henry_Morton_Stanley.jpg/225px-Henry_Morton_Stanley.jpg
Dr. David Livingstone, I presume, alongside Sir Henry Morton Stanley

...in 1965, the third attempt to make a protest march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama over voting rights, began. The first attempt, on what would become known as Bloody Sunday, March 7, ended when state and local police attacked the marchers with tear gas and billy clubs. The second attempt was on March 9 but was limited to the county line by a court injunction. The third march, under the leadership of James Bevel and Dr Martin Luther King, Jr., began on March 21 after the injunction was lifted. In fact, the court order called for the protection of the 600+ marchers by members of the Alabama National Guard under federal control. The 54 mile march took five days and attracted the attention of the nation, and led to President Lyndon Johnson signing the Voting Rights Act of 1965 on August 6 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index261.html#post522713).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches_-_historic_route_retouched.jpg/240px-Selma_to_Montgomery_marches_-_historic_route_retouched.jpg
The route of the march is commemorated today as the
Selma to Montgomery National Historic Trail.

...in 1865, Johann Sebastian Bach was born in Eisenach, Saxe-Eisenach, Germany. He was born into a musical family. He learned to play the violin and harpsichord as a child and later, the organ. In fact, in his day, he was better known as a skilled organist than as a composer, however, today he is best remembered for his long list of compositions. While many know his liturgical compositions, such as Jesu, Joy of Man's Desire or the wonderful Brandenburg Concertos, almost everyone in the world can instantly recognize the Toccata and Fugue in D Minor (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zd_oIFy1mxM&feature=related), which is forever linked to the Phantom of the Opera. (Click on the title to hear the delightful but haunting melodies on a tracker organ, played by Karl Richter. At about 4:50 into the video, you can see his assistant open a stop to add a voice to the organ. Note how many stops are open, leading to the phrase, "Open all the stops.")

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Johann_Sebastian_Bach.jpg/180px-Johann_Sebastian_Bach.jpg
Johann Sebastian Bach

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

Just for grins - did you enjoy Karl Richter playing the Toccata and Fugue in D Minor on the pipe organ? Here's a link to YouTube where my friend, Dave Wickerham, plays John Bull's Rondo in G (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7s_vrQ7ZErE) on a Wurlitzer Theatre Organ. It's sometime known as "The Jig" and if you watch his feet, you'll see why. Dave played this as the recessional when The Kat Lady and I got married. (And no, he didn't play it quite like this!) :)

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 29 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1958, Producer Mike Todd perished in a plane crash. He was born in Minneapolis as Avrom Hirsch Goldbogen, and received the nickname "Toat" as a child, and it apparently stuck. In sixth grade, in Chicago, he was expelled for running a crap game, and in high school, he produced the school play, The Mikado. Todd invented the Todd-AO film process, a high-resolution technique that also added higher fidelity sound to films that were shot using the process. He was well known for using the process in his work in notable films as Oklahoma, The Sound of Music, Those Magnificent Men in their Flying Machines, Around the World in 80 Days and Patton. Todd was even better known for being the third of the seven husbands of Elizabeth Taylor. (Taylor was married eight times. Huh? She married Richard Burton twice.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Miketodd.jpg/180px-Miketodd.jpg
Mike Todd, ca. 1952

...in 1933, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed the Beer and Wine Revenue Act. The law levied a tax of $5.00 on each barrel of beer and wine sold, in order to raise revenues but it exempted beer and wine from the Volstead Act. The act also gave states the right to regulate alcohol distribution. While the act legalized the sale of beer and wine, which had been outlawed with the 18th Amendment, Prohibition did not end until the ratification of the 21st Amendment in 1933.

http://www.breweriana.com/templates/ja_rulite_template_j15/images/logo.jpg

...in 1820, the hero of the Barbary Wars was fatally wounded in a duel, of all things. Stephen Decatur had become a national hero during the Tripolitan War when he commanded a raid into the harbor at Tripoli. (For more about Stephen Decatur and the Tripolitan War, see the Morning Update, February 16, 2009 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index272.html#post617575).) In 1807, Commodore James Barron failed to resist a British attack on his flagship, the USS Chesapeake. Barron and Decatur had served together in the Tripolitan War but Decatur sat on Barron's court martial, which expelled Barron from the navy for a period of five years. It started a feud between the two that would be settled 13 years later, when Barron challenged Decatur to a duel after Decatur publicly expressed his dismay at Barron being reinstated to the navy. Both shooters hit their marks, but Decatur died from his wound hours later. Barron recovered and was reinstated to the navy at a lower rank.

http://www.history.navy.mil/cannons/Decatur_Stephent.JPG
Stephen Decatur

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 48 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1775, in a speech to the second Virginia Convention, Patrick Henry made his impassioned "Treason" speech that concluded with the iconic line that shall ever be associated with his name, "I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!" The increasing oppressive rule over the colonies began in 1765 after the British passed the Stamp Act, a blatant money grab by the English government to pay for a standing army. In 1773, the Tea Act granted a monopoly to the East India Trade Company as well as providing more tax revenue. Colonists responded by tossing £10,000 worth of tea into the Boston Harbor. In response, the British passed the Intolerable Acts, closing the Boston Harbor and set military rule in Massachusetts. In April of 1775, General Gage marched his troops to Lexington, site a reported colonial arsenal. On April 19, the British were surprised to meet colonists who stood up to them and actually fired upon them, the start of the Revolutionary War. It became known as "The Shot Heard 'Round the World."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Patrick_Henry_Rothermel.jpg/180px-Patrick_Henry_Rothermel.jpg
Patrick Henry's "Treason"
speech, captured in an 1851
painting by Peter F. Rothermel

...in 1909, Willhelm and Karl Maybahk founded the Luftfahrzeug-Motoren GmbH in Bissingen, Germany. The company was founded to build engines for Zeppelin airships, but the Maybach Motoren-Werke produced the most luxurious Maybach automobile between 1921 and 1941. (The name was resurrected in 2000 by Mercedes-Benz for a new line of luxury automobiles. If you have to ask, you can't afford one, anyway.) The biggest innovation to come from the Maybach brothers, however, was the internal expanding brake. It operated by expanding shoes against an internal drum, to bring a wheel (or drive shaft) to a stop. It was the basis of all automobile braking systems and, in fact, remains in wide use today. Disc brakes have come into wide use in the last several decades, however, internal braking system developed by the Maybachs is still in wide use throughout the industry and in any application where a spinning shaft must be stopped - like your automatic washer, for example.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Maybach_Zeppelin_Fri.jpg/250px-Maybach_Zeppelin_Fri.jpg
1930 Maybach Zeppelin

...in 1918, the city of Paris was suddenly struck with shells fired from a new, devastating German weapon, the Pariskanone, of Paris Gun. It was developed by Krupps, with a huge 210mm (8.1" calibre) with a 118' long barrel. It was capable of firing a shell about 130,000 feet (about 25 miles) into the air, the first man-made projectile to reach the stratosphere. Because of the range and altitude reached by the projectiles, the trajectory calculations had to take into account the rotation of the earth. Three of the giant guns were fired upon Paris from 75 miles away. The gun was not a tactical success, in fact, the shells were not very large and the accuracy was not good. It was a psychological weapon, designed to break the morale of the Parisians, which it didn't really accomplish. they simply adapted to it. The guns disappeared after the war along with all the documentation. The Nazis tried to reconstruct the huge weapon to shoot across the English Channel at London, but met with little success. Saddam Hussein also tried to construct a giant gun during the Iran-Iraq War, but also met with little success.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Parisgun2.jpg/300px-Parisgun2.jpg
The ParisGun

...in 1839, a uniquely American term became part of the American lexicon. The Boston Morning Post published the term, "O.K." meaning"oll korrect," a popular misspelling popular at the time. It was a very popular practice at the time for young people to misspell words and use initials of those terms as slang. Popular abbreviations included KY for "No use" (Know Use) or "KG" for "No go." (Know Go) Hmmmmm or even "OW" for "All Right" (oll right.) The Boston paper used the term as part of a joke, but it caught on and is still in widespread use today. Well, OK then...

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 50 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1989, the worst oil spill in US history occurred when the supertanker Exxon Valdez ran aground in Prince William Sound, the ruptured hull spewing 11 million gallons of crude oil into the sound. Wind and currents spread the oil over 100 miles from its source before it could be contained, contaminating 700 miles of coastline. It later came to light that the captain, Joseph Hazelwood, was drinking at the time and allowed an uncertified helmsman to take the wheel. He was convicted of misdemeanor negligence, a conviction that was later overturned because federal statute grants immunity to those who report an oil spill. Environmental groups went after Exxon and pressured the National Transportation Safety Board to force Exxon to pay $100 million in penalties and a crippling $1 Billion dollars, over 10 years, to pay for the cleanup. That figure was rejected by both Exxon and the State of Alaska, and the two parties settled on $25 million in restitution for the cleanup. (Exxon reported in 2008 that over $1 Billion has, in fact, been spent on the cleanup, most of the money being underwritten by Exxon over the previous 19 years. In the past 20 years, most of the area has been cleaned, although, some areas that are unreachable still contain oil. That oil is, however, degraded by nature and is unreachable by wildlife to ingest or to otherwise have an impact. Most environmentalists agree the area is clean and safe. Olof Linden of the World Maritime University in Sweden, and a former scientific adviser to the UN Environmental Programme said several years ago, "I am surprised that they even find an oil at all after [all these] years. Biologically, it is of practically no significance." Except for Greenpeace, of course, that will not agree that the area is, as Exxon says, "...healthy, robust and thriving." Greenpeace is still wringing its hands and complaining, as it always does. Still, according to most reports, Prince Edward Sound is today, environmentally sound.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Exval.jpeg/300px-Exval.jpeg
The Exxon Valdez in 1989, before the spill. The
ship was towed to San Diego for repairs after the spill,
rechristened the Sea River Mediterranean but
was, and is, prohibited from entering Prince William
Sound. Today, known simply as the Mediterranean,
it flies the flag of the Marshall Islands and operates
in East Asia.

...in 1976, cousin Peyton was born to Archie and Olivia Manning in New Orleans. He had a great high school career as a quarterback, throwing to his older brother, but he shocked all the Ole Miss fans when he opted for a career at Tennessee. He had a record setting and sparkling college career where he earned almost every football award except the Heisman Trophy. Manning was drafted by the Indianapolis Colts in 1988 and started breaking more records. Today he is the only NFL player even close to matching Brett Favre's string of continuous starts, but he is even more endeared to the Manning clan for winning Superbowl XLI in 2007. (Of course, he isn't really my cousin, but a guy can dream, can't he?)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bush_Congratulates_2006_Colts.jpg/250px-Bush_Congratulates_2006_Colts.jpg
Peyton Manning with the 2006 Colts at the White House,
presenting team jersey 43 to President George W. Bush.

...in 1765, Parliament passed the Quartering Act, defining locations, conditions and circumstances that British soldiers were to receive room and board in the colonies. If military barracks were insufficient to house the soldiers, they were to be quartered in “inns, livery stables, ale houses, victualling houses, and the houses of sellers of wine.” If those locations were insufficient, then His Majesty's forces were to be housed in uninhabited houses, outbuildings, barns or other buildings as necessary. The popular image was of redcoats tossing colonists from their bedrooms to accommodate them, the law did not provide for that, but perception becomes reality and the colonists were angered at being told to quarter the troops that they didn't want in the first place. Colonists refused to comply with the law, bringing even more legislation down upon the colonies. In Boston, the close proximity of Redcoats to a population already angered by British laws, led to street brawling and eventually, the Boston Massacre (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index273.html#post625763). The widening crevice never healed, and the British remained in Boston until General Washington drove them out with the Continental Army in 1776.

...in 1958, Elvis Presley was inducted into the US Army. As we reported to you on December 20, 2008 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index269.html#post593837), the King of Rock 'n' Roll was drafted in December, 1957 but was given a deferment to finish filming King Creole.

http://www.elvispresleymusic.com.au/pictures/img/elvis/army/1958_march_24.jpg
Elvis Presley becomes G.I. Elvis on March 24, 1958.

...in 1954, stockholders of the Nash-Kelvinator Corporation and the Hudson Motor Car Company voted to merge the two companies, which would become known as American Motors Corporation, or AMC. The president of the merged operation, George Romney, led the company to be America's most successful, post-war, independent car maker. Romney was the son of Mormon missionaries in Chihuahua, Mexico. (Romney's grandfather Miles Romney, had been born in Nauvoo, Illinois, where the Mormon Chruch began to grow. Miles was a polygamist with four wives and 30 children.) George Romney stressed the need for independent car makers to avoid head-to-head competition with the Big Three automakers. He coined the term "compact car" to promote the AMC product line, and also coined the term "gas-guzzling dinosaur" to describe the Big Three's product line. He became famous for his leadership of AMC and propelled it into a successful political career, serving as the Governor of Michigan and losing the 1968 Republican nomination for President to Richard Nixon. (Romeny would serve as Secretary of HUD under Nixon.) George Romney was the father of (former) Massachusetts Governor and unsuccessful Presidential candidate, Mitt Romeny.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/GeroRomney2.jpg
George W. Romney (1907-1995)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Stuff/a223307f.jpg
AMC's 1956 Nash Ambassador

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. Be sure to read today's entry of the touching story of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire. Otherwise, there was no news and no new developments in Paige's case. Thank you to all of you who read these updates on a daily basis (even if you don't comment of post anything) and a special thank you to those of you who light candles for Paige and her family.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 32 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1920, Walter P. Chrysler walked away from a $500,000.00 per year job as Vice President of Automotive Operations for General Motors. Chrysler was born in Wamego, Kansas, a railroad town and he went to work for the Union Pacific as a janitor, dreaming of being an engineer, which he attained by the age of 20. (Not a "Whoo! Whoo!" engineer but a engineering engineer.) He went on to work in the shops and eventually became the works manager of the American Locomotive Company. In 1912, he was offered a job with Buick in Flint, Michigan under Charles Nash. He saw it as an opportunity to get into the transportation of the future. Nash had taken over the struggling GM in 1910 when Billy Durant was asked to leave. In 1916, Durant took over GM and fired Nash. (Nash bought out Thomas Jeffrey's Rambler in Kenosha, Wisconsin and renamed the company Nash, which became AMC forty years later.) Nash warned Chrysler that Durant was a meddling micro-manager, but Chrysler took the job as President of Buick anyway. He worked out GM's purchase of Fisher Body Company but in 1920, true to Nash's prediction, Durant began to micro-manage Chrysler's work. Chrysler stomped out of the board room on this date and slammed the door. Alfred Sloan, later president of GM, remarked that the sound of the door slamming was the sound of Chrysler Corporation coming to life. (Chrysler took over Willys-Overland and in two years, turned the ailing company around. He next purchased the Maxwell company in 1924 and renamed it Chrysler Corporation. Chrysler began construction of the Chrysler Building in New York City in 1928 and in 1929, he bought Dodge from the estate of the Dodge Brothers.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/cd9b3b18.jpg
Walter P. Chrysler with a 1924 Chrysler

...in 1901, speaking of cars, the Mercedes was introduced by Gottlieb Daimler at the five day "Week of Nice" at Nice, France. Two years earlier, a man named Emile Jelinek, the Daimler distributor in Nice, told Daimler that he was impressed with Daimler's automobiles, but he wanted a different car, lighter, with a bigger engine and if Daimler would built such an automobile, Jelinek would buy 3 dozen of them. There was one more component to the deal, that the new car be named for Jelink's 10 year old daughter, Mercedes. Daimler died before he would ever see a Mercedes, but his son Paul and Wilhelm Maybach took up the challenge, producing a 2,200 pound car with 35 horsepower, a major breakthrough in 1901. Interestingly enough, Karl Benz was only 60 miles away, performing the same design exercises. Daimler and Benz would compete until 1924, when they finally came together to build some of the best automobiles in the world.

http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/1901-mercedes-35-hp-1.jpg
The 1901 Mercedes

...in 1774, Parliament passed the Boston Port Act, closing the Port of Boston and demanding reparation of the £10,000 (about $1 million in today's funds) for the tea that was tossed into the port. General Gage was dispatched to shut down the harbor, which he did easily, and it became obvious to the colonists that the British intended to invoke marshall law. Actually, the plan was to separate New England from the rest of the colonies, the hope was to break a united resistance to the Crown. Just the opposite happened, however, as the rest of the colonies rallied behind Boston, shipping in much needed supplies overland. The die was cast, and the road to revolution was opened.

...in 1911, a business on the top three stories of a ten story building caught fire. The floors were occupied by the Triangle Shirtwaist Company, owned by two men named Max Blanc and Isaac Harris, and employed about 600 workers. Most of the workers were immigrant women from Germany, Italy and eastern Europe.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/th_c4b64d82.jpg (http://smg.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/?action=view&current=c4b64d82.jpg)
A shirtwaist was a
popular women's blouse,
or dress bodice, that
took details from men's
shirt designs.

The Triangle Shirtwaist Company was the classic definition of a "sweat shop" with some of the women being 12 or 13 years old, working twelve to fourteen hour days in a 60-72 hour workweek. The average wage was 6 to 7 dollars per week. The company was the subject of strikes but Blanc and Harris were staunch anti-unionists, hiring thugs to beat up striking workers and hiring prostitutes as replacement garment workers. (A "shirtwaist" was the popular name for women's blouses.) The place was a disaster waiting to happen, with flammable textiles stored all over, fabric scraps littering the floor, tissue patterns hanging near cutting tables where cutters often were smokers, and the factory was lit by gaslights. On the afternoon of March 25, an unknown source ignited the fire on the eight floor. It could have been a match, a cigarette butt, bad wiring or an overheated sewing machine motor, no one knows for sure. People on the tenth and eight floors were able to evacuate the building, but the ninth floor did not get the alarm in time. The flimsy fire escape twisted and collapsed under the weight of the evacuees. The only working elevator stopped working and desperate people jumped to their deaths to avoid the fire. A door to a stairway, locked to prevent theft by employees, made the egress unavailable.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/360554a1.jpg
The fire department arrived quickly and soon had the
fire under control, but not before many trapped workers
had perished in the fire.

The fire department arrived quickly but there were no ladders capable of reaching the burning floors. In the end, 148 died, including the 141 who died at the scene and seven who died later in the hospital. As a result, the American Society of Safety Engineers was founded shortly after the fire, and more stringent fire codes were put in place by Tammany Hall (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index267.html#post582662).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0d/Triangle_Bodies.jpg/200px-Triangle_Bodies.jpg
The east side of the building with 40
bodies on the sidewalk. Two of the victims
were found alive about an hour after the
picture was taken.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Asch-brown-triangle-shirtwaist-fire-building.JPG/250px-Asch-brown-triangle-shirtwaist-fire-building.JPG
Today, the building is known as the Brown Building
of Science and is owned by New York University. It is on
the National Register of Historic Places.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Many thanks to all of you who light candles for Paige. It is especially important to do so on weekends, when the total usually drops off slightly. Meanwhile, there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 30 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1941, the Italian navy successfully used a new weapon, the manned torpedo. It wasn't really a torpedo in the normal sense because of the rather obvious drawback of such a device. (Manned suicide torpedoes were used by the Japanese late in the war.) It was actually an underwater propulsion system to carry frogmen. The machines were equipped with a limpet mine, an explosive device that was attached to the target hull with magnets and detonated at a later time. This allowed the frogmen to detach the mine and return to the launching vessel, usually a submarine. The Italian device was officially known as Siluro a Lenta Corsa ("Slow Running Torpedo") but were quickly nicknamed maiale (Italian for "pig") because it was difficult to steer. Once the British caught on, they copied the device and called their's Chariot.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Maiale_at_gosport.jpg
An Italian SLC, nicknamed "maiale" which is Italian for "pig.".

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Maiale_cockpit.jpg/180px-Maiale_cockpit.jpg
The cockpit. A frogman with
breathing apparatus steered the
maiale to the target, attached a
limpet mine, then returned to his ship.

...in 1953, Dr. Jonas Salk announced he had successfully tested a vaccine to fight poliomyelitis, the virus that causes polio, a crippling disease that affects mainly children. It also affects adults, perhaps the most famous being President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who used his bully pulpit to fight the disease. Dr. Salk first studied viruses in the 1930s while a student at New York University. He became head of a research lab at the University of Pittsburgh and was awarded a grant in 1948 to study poliomyelitis. He had the first version of his vaccine in 1950, by killing several strains of the virus and injecting the dead cells into the bloodstream. The recipient's bloodstream builds anti-bodies that would resist any future exposure to live poliomyelitis viruses. Salk performed the first human tests on former polio patients, on his family and on himself. He made his announcement in 1953, which made him a celebrity overnight. Clinical trials began in in 1954, and by 1955 the vaccine was pronounced safe and was distributed widely. Today, polio is virtually non-existent in the United States with the few rare cases imported from countries that have not controlled the virus. Dr. Salk was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977 by President Jimmy Carter. He died in 1995, but not from polio!

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Roosevelt_OConnor.jpg/180px-Roosevelt_OConnor.jpg
FDR and Basil O'Connor, his fomer
law partner, meet in 1938 to launch a
campaign to fight polio. The March of
Dimes began that same year.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Salk_Ike_55.jpg
Dr. Jonas Salk became an
international celebrity. Here, he
receives a Gold Medal from
President Dwight D. Eisenhower
on January 27, 1956.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Salk_Carter_77.jpg/180px-Salk_Carter_77.jpg
Dr. Salk receives the Presidential
Medal of Freedom in 1977 from
President Jimmy Carter.

...in 1979, a history making peace accord was signed at Camp David between Egyptian President Anwar el-Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, ending three decades of hostility between the nations. In 1977, Sadat traveled to Jerusalem, seeking a permanent peace settlement. Sadat was greeted with outrage in the Arab world, but he continued his pursuit of peace and normalized relations with Israel. In September, 1978, Sadat met with Begin at Camp David, Maryland with President Jimmy Carter and negotiated what would become known as The Camp David Accords. Seven months later, the peace treaty was signed. For their efforts, Menachim Begin and Anwar el-Sadat split the 1978 Nobel Peace Prize. Sadat was assassinated in Cairo by Muslim extremists on October 6, 1981. Despite his death, the peace process continued and Egypt formally established diplomatic relations with Israel.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Begin%2C_Carter_and_Sadat_at_Camp_David_1978.jpg
Manachim Begin, President Jimmy Carter and Anwar el-Sadat at Camp Daivd, 1978.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 40 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1998, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a new drug, popular beyond all predictions and vehicle for millions of daily spams. Sildenafil, the chemical name, was synthesized to treat hypertension and angina pectoris. The drug had little effect on high blood pressure and angina, it had an interesting side effect: penile erection. Pfizer recognized an opportunity to capitalize on otherwise failed research, naming the drug Viagra and marketing it as a treatment for "erectile dysfunction," a fancy new name for old fashioned impotence. The drug went from testing to approval in two years - an unheard of "fast track" for drug approval. In the first year, Pfizer reached $1 billion in sales. It was marketed on television by (former) Senator and presidential candidate, Bob Dole. Of course, as anyone with an email account knows, there are several competitors out there, like Cialis and Levitra but long term side effects are unknown. At least 20 million men have tried it, so one might assume that there are 20 million happy couples out there, too. Well, maybe.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Viagra_in_Pack.jpg/200px-Viagra_in_Pack.jpg
Small amounts of sildenafil in water prolongs
the time before cut flowers wilt. Hmmmmmm..

...in 1905, Scotland Yard used fingerprints to solve a capital crime, the double murder of Thomas and Ann Farrow, who were shopkeepers. Near the body of Thomas was his empty cash box. Three years earlier, a British court had allowed fingerprint evidence in a theft case but the Farrow murders were the first for a capital crime. Alfred and Albert Stratton were convicted of the crime, on the basis of Alfred's thumbprint on the cashbox that was the motive for the robbery gone bad. The brothers were hanged on May 23, 1905.

...in 1925, Cecil Kimber or Morris Garages took a Morris Cowley and cut it down, removed body parts to reduce the weight and badged it with the now-familiar octagonal logo of MG. It is known as Old Number One, the first MG sports car.

http://www.mgcars.org.uk/pics/carlno1.gif
The first MG sports car, Old Number One.

http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/mg-sports-cars-3.jpg
The MG TD was a post-war sportscar that was aimed
specifically for the American market, and is one of the
most fondly remembered MG sportscars.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cb/MG_logo.png

...in 1945, the Nazis launched the last of their V-2 rockets as the war was obviously lost. The only remaining launch site was in The Netherlands, and the final rocket offensive claimed 200 civilians in England and Belgium. The V-2 was a 12 ton rocket capable of delivering a one ton warhead over 100 miles and it was projected to be able to reach targets 200 miles away. It was launched to a height of 60 miles straight up, then followed a pre-determined arc to its target. It reached its target traveling at a speed of 4,000 MPH and landed with such force that it burrowed into the ground before the warhead had a chance to detonate. One of the rockets landed in Kent in the afternoon, causing the last civilian British casualty of the war. After the war, both the Soviet Union and United States captured unlaunched V-2 rockets that became the basis of the ICBMs of the Cold War. Meanwhile, Wernher von Braun and his staff came to the United States and continued their research. The V-2 evolved into the Redstone Rocket that carried Alan Shepherd and other Mercury astronauts into space.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Fus%C3%A9e_V2.jpg/300px-Fus%C3%A9e_V2.jpg
A replica of the V-2 on display at the Peenemünde museum.

...in 1912, First Lady Helen Taft and Viscountess Chinda (wife of the Japanese ambassador) planted two Yoshina cherry trees on the northern bank of the Potomac River. The symbolic planting was to honor a gift of 3,020 cherry trees from the Japanese government to the United States. Eliza Scidmore, a noted writer, photographer a member of the board of the National Geographic Society, had spent a great deal of time in Japan and first proposed planting cherry trees on the Potomac. Helen Taft took interest in Scidmore's idea in 1909 and when the Japanese consul in New York learned of the interest, he suggested gifting the trees to the United States and in January, 1910, 2,000 trees arrived but had contracted a disease in transit. A private Japanese citizen donated funds to replace the diseased trees, and 3,020 arrived from the banks of the Arakawa River in Adachi Ward, a suburb of Tokyo. The trees were so popular that a three day cherry blossom festival began in 1934 that continues today. After World War II, cuttings from the Potomac cherry trees were sent to Tokyo to restore the trees decimated by American bombing raids during the war.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Washington_C_D.C._Tidal_Basin_cherry_trees.jpg/225px-Washington_C_D.C._Tidal_Basin_cherry_trees.jpg
The Washington cherry trees in bloom.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 20 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1941, ground was broken on the massive Willow Run bomber factory. At the outbreak of WWII, Henry Ford was faced with a dilemma, an avowed pacifist (in 1915, he had led an ill fated anti-war crusade to Europe designed to end WWI, called The Peace Ship) he was reluctant to turn his factories over for war materiel, especially to William Knudsen. Knudsen was the government's czar of Detroit war production. Ford had fired Knudsen in the 1930s, only to have him take over Chevrolet and beat Ford Motor year after year in the marketplace. Once war was declared, Ford's competitive spirit took over and he bragged that Ford Motor Company could build 10 times as many planes as Consolidated Aircraft, given no interference from the government or unions. Knudsen asked Ford to produce sub assemblies for Consolidated but Charles "Cast Iron Charlie" Sorenson (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-march-13-2009-a-50655/) said he could build B-24s like flivvers. While the plant was being built and production got underway, the death of Edsel Ford threw Ford Motor Company into a battle for control that affected the aircraft plant. The Willow Run plant became known as "Willit Run?" but after Sorenson worked out the kinks, Willow Run began to churn out B-24s at a rate of one per hour. The first bomber came out of the plant on November 28, 1942 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-november-28-2009-a-57825/) and by the end of the war, 8,500 B-24s had been built by Ford's massive plant.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/B-24_bomber_at_Willow_Run.jpg
B-24 bombers under construction at Willow Run,
the largest building in the world at the time of its
construction. Today it is a GM transmission plant.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Maxwell_B-24.jpg/300px-Maxwell_B-24.jpg
A B-24 in flight during WWII.

...in 1969, one of the outstanding heroes of World War II and the 34th President of the United States died in Washington D.C. at the age of 78. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower graduated from West Point in 1915, and during WWI was given a battlefield promotion to Lieutenant Colonel. In 1919, he went "on a lark" with the quartermaster corps on the cross-country motor caravan. The trip began in Washington and took two months to travel to San Francisco along the Lincoln Highway. The lesson of the need for good roads was well learned by the young soldier. He became the Supreme Allied Commander of the European theater of WWII, planning and executing the successful D-Day invasion and eventually winning the war. The popular general was easily elected president in 1952, and was a formidable Cold War foe to Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev. In 1954, remembering the 1919 convoy and the Autobahn, he signed the bill that created the Interstate Highway system. He won reelection by a landslide in 1956, and after stepping down in 1961, he and his wife Mamie Dodd Eisenhower, retired to their farm that adjoins the Gettysburg Battlefield. He is buried in a family plot in Abilene, Kansas.

Eisenhower once dreamed of being a professional athlete. He once said, "When I was a small boy in Kansas, a friend of mine and I went fishing and as we sat there in the warmth of the summer afternoon on a river bank, we talked about what we wanted to do when we grew up. I told him that I wanted to be a real major league baseball player, a genuine professional like Honus Wagner. My friend said that he'd like to be President of the United States. Neither of us got our wish."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_as_General_of_the_Army_crop.j pg/445px-Dwight_D._Eisenhower_as_General_of_the_Army_crop.j pg
General of the Army, Dwight D. Eisenhower

...in 1979, the Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station suffered what would be the worst nuclear accident in the United States. At 4 AM, a pressure valve in Unit 2 failed to close. An ambiguous signal did not indicate clearly whether the valve was open or closed, and operators did not discover the error until cooling water, contaminated with radiation, was drained from the reactor, allowing to core to dangerously overheat. It reached a temperature of 4,000º nearing the 5,000º mark that would cause a core meltdown. By 8 PM, the operators realized the situation and began moving cooling water back into the core, avoiding disaster. minor amounts of radiation were released but nothing life threatening. Unfortunately, the accident occurred just 12 days after a popular work of fiction, The China Syndrome had been released. In the movie, Jane Fonda played a news reporter who broke a story about a fictional accident at a fictional nuclear power plant. Misinformation began to run rampant, with the inevitable comparison between fiction and the Three Mile Island facts. Jane Fonda became an outspoken opponent of nuclear power, fighting noted scientist Edward Teller, the father of the hydrogen bomb. Teller later suffered a heart attack, which he blamed on Fonda. "You might say that I was the only one whose health was affected by that reactor near Harrisburg. No, that would be wrong. It was not the reactor. It was Jane Fonda. Reactors are not dangerous," he later said. Since the Three Mile Island accident, no new nuclear power plants have been built in the United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Three_Mile_Island_%28color%29-2.jpg/250px-Three_Mile_Island_%28color%29-2.jpg
The Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station
consisted of two nuclear reactors. Unit 2 was the
site of the accident.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Three_Mile_Island_nuclear_power_plant.jpg/300px-Three_Mile_Island_nuclear_power_plant.jpg
This pre-accident photo shows Unit 1 (left) and Unit 2, in use.
Unit 1 is still in use today, Unit 2 has never been reconstructed
nor reused.

...in 1984, under the cover of darkness, owner Bob Irsay moved the Baltimore Colts to Indianapolis. Irsay, a controversial figure to say the least, moved the team in the middle of the night so no one knew what was happening until it was all over. the Colts had been a mainstay of the NFL in the late 1950s and early 1960s under the leadership of Johnny Unitas with halfback Lenny Moore and Tom Matty. (The Colts were NFL Champions in 1958, 1959 and 1968.) The Colts offered a strong competition to Lombardi's Green Bay Packers and made it to the third Super Bowl, only to lose it to Joe Namath and the New York Jets. The Colts did win Super Bowl V but declined so badly that their 1983 #1 draft pick, John Elway, said he'd rather play baseball for the Yankees than play for the Colts. He was traded to Denver. In 1984, Irsay asked for the city to pay for upgrades to Memorial Stadium, but refused, so Irsay stole away to Indianapolis. In 1996, football returned to Baltimore when Art Modell moved the Cleveland Browns to town. Cleveland was as incensed as Baltimore had been in 1984, and sued the team to keep the name "Browns" in Cleveland, and won. The new Baltimore team was named the Ravens for the hero of Edger Allen Poe's poem The Raven. To this day, the name Irsay is not said out loud in Baltimore, nor is "Modell" in Cleveland. (Long times fans still cannot say the name "Baltimore" without saying "Colts" immediately after.)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/0329.jpg
In 1984, the moving vans arrived in the middle of the night
to move the Colts to Indianapolis.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 38 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1973, the last combat troops left Viet Nam. A peace agreement had been signed two months earlier in Paris, between North and South Viet Nam, the Vietcong and the United States, ending the eight year American involvement. The American government had been quietly helping out the French in Viet Nam for years when, in 1961, President Kennedy sent in a large force. After JFK's assassination, President Johnson was faced with either heavier involvement or to pull out. Johnson chose the former, and American troop levels reached 300,000. The war quickly degenerated into a most unpopular war at home, and in 1968, President Johnson knew he had no chance of being reelected and withdrew from the nomination process. The Democrat Convention in Chicago was wracked with violence and bloodshed, as documented by the group Chicago in their first album.The Paris peace agreement was little more than an attempt at saving face for the Americans. As the last Americans were being airlifted out, North Vietnamese Colonel Bui Tin told the South Vietnamese, "You have nothing to fear; between Vietnamese there are no victors and no vanquished. Only the Americans have been defeated."

...in 1951, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were convicted of espionage for passing nuclear secrets to the Soviet Union. A spy ring was uncovered in 1950 when British physicist, Klaus Fuchs was arrested in Great Britain in 1950. He had worked on development of the atomic bomb during WWII and it was learned that he had passed a great deal of information to the Soviets. He rolled over on Harry Gold, an American who was a courier of the data. Gold was arrested and rolled over on a man named David Greenglass, who had worked in the atomic facility. Greenglass, on arrest, rolled over on Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, his sister and brother in law. They were known to be supporters of the strong left and were involved in labor and political issues for years. Although there was no direct evidence, Ethel was thought to be the mastermind behind the entire ring, and after a fast trial, the Rosenbergs were sentenced to death, and were executed on June 19, 1953, in Sing Sing Prison. The case is surrounded by controversy to this day.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Julius_and_Ethel_Rosenberg_NYWTS.jpg/250px-Julius_and_Ethel_Rosenberg_NYWTS.jpg
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg after their
conviction. Were they guilty of passing secrets to
the Soviet Union? In his autobiography, published
posthumously, Soviet Premier Nakita Khrushchev
wrote, "Let this be a worthy tribute to the
memory of those people. Let my words serve
as an expression of gratitude to those who
sacrificed their lives to a great cause of the
Soviet state at a time when the U.S. was
using its advantage over our state to blackmail
our state and undermine its proletarian cause."

...in 1929, President Herbert Hoover installed a telephone at his desk in the Oval Office. A switchboard and telephones had been installed in the White House in 1878, shortly after Don Ameche (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index273.html#post626641) invented the phone (click on the link to see the joke) but before President Hoover, there had not been a phone on the President's desk.

...in 1932, Jack Benny went on the air with the Jack Benny Program. The former minor Vaudeville performer was well known for his timing and a character that was just the opposite of the real-life Benny. The character was cheap, petty and vain. His masterful comedic rendering of the character kept the show on the radio well into the 1950s, in fact, overlapping the Benny program on television. He was known for a running on-air feud with Fred Allen, with lines so funny that many people actually believed they hated each other. Benny said, after Allen's sudden death in 1956, "You couldn't have such a long-running and successful feud as we did, without having a deep and sincere friendship at the heart of it." The other Benny trademark was his atonal violin playing. At a benefit concert at Carnegie Hall, Benny said, "I've been called the Van Gogh of violinists," to which an audience plant yelled out, "My God, he's lost his ear!" There is no documentation anywhere that says if the real life Benny was a great violinist or not, however, he owned a Stradavarius violin, which be bequeathed to the Los Angeles Symphony. The orchestra still owns, and uses, the Benny Strad.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Harry_Truman_and_Jack_Benny.gif
Jack Benny and President Harry Truman.

...in 1939, Clark Gable and Carole Lombard were married as Gable took a break from filming Gone With The Wind. It was a storybook marriage, as both were extremely popular. The marriage ended tragically in 1942, when Carole Lombard died in a plane crash. She was on the way home from her native Fort Wayne, Indiana at the conclusion of a bond drive. A bridge across the St. Mary's River in Fort Wayne, near her childhood home, has been named in her honor.

http://www.meredy.com/gableandlombard/cgcltransparent.gif

http://bridgehunter.com/photos/10/97/109743-M.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 40 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1981, just 81 days into the presidency, Ronald Reagan was attacked and shot by would-be assassin, John Hinckley, Jr. Reagan was the first serving United States president to survive being shot in an assassination attempt. (Teddy Roosevelt survived an assassination attempt in Milwaukee in 1912 while running for president, but he was not the sitting president at the time of his shooting.) After speaking at the Washington Hilton Hotel, President Reagan was ambushed by Hinckley who did hit home - Mr. Reagan received a gunshot wound to the lung. Hinckley fired six times in three seconds, first hitting White House Press Secretary James Brady in the head, the second hit D.C. police officer Thomas Delahanty in the back, the third overshot and hit a window across the street, the fourth hit Secret Service Agent Timothy McCarthy, the fifth hit the open door of the president's bullet-proof limo, the sixth hit the same door but ricocheted and struck Mr. Reagan under the left arm, grazed his rib and lodged in his lung, stopping within an inch of his heart. When First Lady Nancy Reagan arrived at the ER of George Washington University Hospital, the glib Mr. Reagan borrowed Jack Dempsy's line and said to her, "Honey, I forgot to duck." When he was wheeled into the OR, he remarked, "Please tell me you're all Republicans." Dr. Joseph Giordano, a liberal Democrat, replied, "Mr. President, we're all Republicans today." He was scheduled to speak in Philadelphia the next day, and while intubated but still conscious, he scribbled a note that used W.C. Field's epitaph, "On the whole, I'd rather be in Philadelphia." There is far more to this story than space here provides, and a google search will reward you with hours of analysis of the day President Ronald Reagan was shot.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Reagans_wave_after_returning_from_WH_1981.jpg/250px-Reagans_wave_after_returning_from_WH_1981.jpg
President and Nancy Reagan's triumphant return to the White House,
April 11 after his release from the hospital.

...in 1858, Hymen L. Lipman patented the first pencil with an attached eraser. Pencils had been in use for many years, as had rubber erasers, but Lipman was the first to come up with the idea of simply turning the implement end-to-end to utilize a self-contained eraser. He sold his patent for $100,000.00 (a princely sum in 1858) to Joseph Reckendorfer who immediately sued Faber for infringement. Reckendorfer lost the suit, the courts said combining two already known elements into one implement was not an innovation. (Apparently, lawyers never make mistakes. Just ask one sometime, but be prepared to pay $25 in fees to ask the question.)

http://www.pencils.com/files/images/lipman1.jpg

...in 1867, Secretary of State William H. Seward signed a treaty with Russia, purchasing Alaska for $7,200,000.00. Members of Congress and the press ridiculed the purchase, calling Alaska "Seward's Folly," "Seward's Icebox" and "Andrew Johnson's Polar Bear Garden." At least, those are the names we can print here. Czarist Russia had colonized parts of the Western Hemisphere, in Alaska and as far down the west coast as nothern California. A prolonged war had drained the Czar's treasury and he saw the sale of Alaska to the United States as a way to replenish much needed capital. Seward, who believed in western expansion, saw it as an opportunity to grab a land mass that was 1/5 the size of the entire United States. The move was controversial, in fact, the approval bill passed the Senate by one vote. Seward's vision was realized in 1898 with the discovery of gold and even moreso in the 1960s with the discovery of one of the largest reserves of oil in the world.

http://www.library.state.ak.us/hist/goldrush/16.gif
Skagway, Alaska, gateway to the Klondike gold fields, ca. 1900

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System_Luca_Galuzzi_2005.jpg/250px-Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System_Luca_Galuzzi_2005.jpg
Today's Alaska Gold is in the form of crude oil, carried from
Prudhoe Bay to Valdez by the Alyeska Pipeline.

...in 1950, the phototransistor was patented. It was the basis of the "electric eye" that was an amazing novelty in the 1950s, used to open doors, signal motion and turn streetlights on at dusk and off again at dawn. Today, it is the basis of automatic light metering in your digital camera, electrical generation from sunlight and it even dims your clock radio display at night.

http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/pub/jan99/1950p3.GIF
The Michigan Elevator Exchange used 146 electric-eye
sorting machines to sort beans in Port Huron.

...in 1952, Patty Berg won the LPGA New Orleans Open. Along with Babe Didrikson (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index274.html#post631643), she was a founding member of the Ladies Professional Golf Association in 1950 and served as the first president. Berg was born in Minneapolis in 1918, attended the University of Minnesota and took up golf in 1931. She won several amateur tournaments before turning pro in 1940, but interrupted her career to serve in the US Marines as a lieutenant during WWII. She won the first U.S. Women's Open in 1946 and won 15 major tournaments along with 60 professional wins in her career. Berg was still competing in 1980 at the age of 62! (Hip replacement surgery due to cancer finally ended her pro golf career in 1980.) She also served on the Wilson Advisory Board, Wilson being a major manufacturer of golf clubs in Chicago. She presented over 16,000 golf clinics, called "Paty Berg's Hit Parade," that introduced over 500,000 people to the game of golf. She died in 2006 at the age of 88 from complications of Alzheimer's Disease.

http://z.about.com/d/golf/1/G/e/e/mini-patty_berg_crop.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 22 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1889, the Eiffel Tower was dedicated in a ceremony that was presided over by none other than Gustave Eiffel, the designer and builder of the monument to the centennial of the French Revolution. The French government was planning a huge exposition and held a contest for a fitting memorial. Eiffel's design won easily, an open latice, wrought iron structure that would tower 1,000 feet over Paris and be the world's tallest structure. Eiffel was a noted bridge builder, master of metal work and the designer of the framework for the Statue of Liberty. Naturally, skeptics said it would be unsound and an eyesore. Undeterred, Eiffel built his tower in less than two years, ahead of schedule and under budget. It was a wonder of technology and became one of the modern wonders of the world. Only one worker lost his life during construction, a remarkable safety record for a massive project like this one. It is 984 feet tall, the iron framework rests on four piers. There are observation decks on three levels, and elevators follow the curve of the graceful base. Eiffel called on the American Otis Elevator Company to design the unique glass cage elevators. (In typical French fashion, they were removed in 1899 to be replaced by the superior French lifts. Gag me with a Ginsu.) Although the elevators were not ready for the opening, Eiffel climbed to the top himself and raised the French flag to open the exposition. The tower was only to stand for 20 years and was almost demolished in 1909 when the lease expired on the land, but the tower was too valuable as a radio tower. It also remained the world's tallest structure until the Chrysler Building opened in 1930. (Which was shortly surpassed by the Empire State Building.) The Eiffel Tower remains much as it did in 1889, and it is one of the world's top tourist attractions. (There are seven open-lattice towers in the world that are taller than the Eiffel Tower (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiffel_Tower), two of them are in the United States in Shorewood, Wisconsin and Atlanta, Georgia.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Paris_06_Eiffelturm_4828.jpg/200px-Paris_06_Eiffelturm_4828.jpg
La tour Eiffel, photo by Rüdiger Wölk, Münster, Germany, used with permission.

...in 1931, legendary football coach, Knute Rockne, died in a plane crash near Bazaar, Kansas at the age of 43. Rockne has been called the greatest football mind of all time, and he was the first real advocate of the forward pass. Rockne was born in Voss, Norway and emigrated to Chicago with his parents at the age of 5. He played football in a local club and in high school, but took a job with the Post Office until he was 22, when he had saved enough money to continue his education. He studied chemistry under Julius Arhtur Nieuwland, the noted polymer chemist at Notre Dame, but gave it all up when he became a football coach. As the coach of Notre Dame from 1918 to 1930, he amassed the incredible record of 105-12-5, an amazing 88.1%! He is remembered for being the name sake of the Rockne, a Studebaker brand automobile (the brand died with the coach) and for delivering the famous half-time speech that ended with, "Win one for the Gipper."

http://www.knuterockne.com/images/misc/rock001.jpg
Knute Rockne (1888-1931)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/99/George-gipp.jpg
George Gipp (1895-1920) one of the greatest
college football players to ever play the game.
He died of a streptococcal throat infection just days
after he led Rockne's Irish team to a victory over
Northwestern. Gipp's dying words to Rockne were to
tell the boys to "...win just one for the Gipper."

http://files.conceptcarz.com/img/Rockne/32_Rockne_Sdn_DV-06_ARM_01.jpg
The Rockne automobile more likely failed because it was introduced in the depths
of the depression, rather than as a result of Coach Rockne's death.

...in 1968, President Lyndon Johnson shocked the nation when he made his Sherman Speech. (The term refers to Civil War General William Tecumseh Sherman who announced he would not run for President and if elected he would not serve.) In a televised address, President Johnson said, "I shall not seek, and I will not accept, the nomination of my party for another term as your president." Had be run and won the election, it would have been his second elected term as President. Why he did not run has been a topic of discussion ever since. LBJ himself said it was so he could concentrate on being POTUS instead of concentrating on partisan politics. His critics said it was because he had screwed things up in Viet Nam so badly that he had no chance of reelection and withdrew. No one knows for sure, but the Republican candidate, Richard M. Nixon, defeated Minnesota Senator Humbert Humphrey in the election.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg/225px-37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg
Lyndon Baines Johnson (1908-1973)
36th President of the United States

...in 1776, Abigail Adams from their farm in Massachusetts, wrote to her husband, John, in Philadelphia where he was serving in the Continental Congress. She urged him not to forget about the women while fighting for independence. The amazing Abigail, a future First Lady, wrote in part, "I long to hear that you have declared an independency. And, by the way, in the new code of laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make, I desire you would remember the ladies and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors…Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the husbands. Remember, all men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the ladies, we are determined to foment a rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any laws in which we have no voice or representation.” It would be almost 150 years before the House of Representatives would finally act on her request, by passing the 19th Amendment to the Constitution that granted women the right to vote. The marriage of Abigail and John Adams is still admired today, it was a marriage of mutual respect and admiration. The immense amount of correspondence between the two still exists and is a chronicle of colonial times. Their intellectual discussions included politics, eyewitness accounts of the Revolutionary War, government and everyday life. Abigal Adams had six children, five survived, including her oldest son, John Quincy Adams, who was the sixth POTUS. Abigail Adams and Barbara Bush are the only two women to both be First Ladies and mothers of American presidents. (Much of the dialog between John and Abigail, as well as lyrics in the Broadway musical 1776 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1776_(musical)), were based on their correspondence.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Abigail_Adams.jpg/200px-Abigail_Adams.jpg
Abigail Adams (1744-1818) by Benjamin Blythe, 1766

That's it. That's all we know as of 1:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 31 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 2009, the U.S. Government announced that the Internet is finished and that the Internet has come to an end. Click here to visit the End of the Internet (http://mdesmond.com/end-of-the-internet/).

...in 1993, 1992 Winston Cup Champion, Alan Kulwicki, died in a plane crash in Bristol, Tennessee. He was the son of USAC engine builder, Jerry Kulwicki and even though he didn't approve of his son racing, Alan went ahead anyway. He was the youngest man to ever start a stock car race in Wisconsin at the age of 18 at the Hales Corners Speedway and he won $27. (The track is now a Home Depot parking lot.) He always raced his own cars and did not have corporate sponsorship, but he was the NASCAR Rookie of the Year in 1986 and he landed sponsorship from Xerox. When Kulwicki won his first NASCAR race, he ran his first signiture "Polish Victory Lap" by driving the track clockwise. Kulwicki won the Winston Cup in 1992 and with his death, went out on top. Milwaukee County named a park after him near his childhood home. No doubt, Alan Kulwicki was a one-of-a-kind.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/AlanKulwickiUnderbird_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-AlanKulwickiUnderbird_%28cropped%29.jpg
Kulwicki's "UNDERBIRD" race car, the TH had been taken off because
Kulwicki felt like an underdog in the last race of the year. He finished 2nd to Bill
Elliott in the race, but won the title.

You can view the UNDERBIRD with the car's owners, along with Alan Kulwicki's parents, Jerry and Thelma, at the Underbird Website (http://www.underbird.com/sale.htm).

...in 1924, Adolph Hitler was sentenced as a result of his conviction for high treason. He was charged because of his role in the famous Beer Hall Putsch on November 8, 1923, when an attempted coup by the Nazi party and members of the army was foiled by the German government. Even with the conviction, Hitler was out of jail by the end of the year. While in prison, he wrote the first volume of Mein Kampf ("My Struggle") and upon his release, was more popular than ever. Within 8 years, he would be in complete control of the German government.

...in 1948, Soviet troops stopped American and British trains as they entered the Soviet occupied areas of Germany, on their way to Berlin. The Soviets demanded to search the trains, the Americans and British refused. Eventually, in June, the Soviets began blocking the trains entirely, and the US Air Force countered with the amazing Berlin Airlift. The frustrated Soviets finally lifted the blockade, ending the first real showdown of the Cold War.

...in 1877, Edward Schieffelin began to search for silver in the area that is, today, southern Arizona. His associates all said he was crazy and that the only thing he would find was his own tombstone. What he found was one of the richest silver veins in the west, which he promptly named the Tombstone Lode. The Tombstone Mining district and the town that shared the name shot up quickly, with miners and investors showing up to stake their claim to the silver. The town of Tombstone also attracted the usual gamblers, saloon keepers, criminals and lawman wannabes. Of all of them, probably the most famous are Doc Holliday and the Earp Brothers, led by Wyatt, mostly because of their well-romanticized shoot-out with the Clantons and McLaurys at the O.K. Corral, on Allen Street, in 1881. There were plenty of other gunslingers in Tombstone, including John Ringo and Frank Leslie. Tombstone was so violent that at one point, President Chester Arthur considered sending in government troops. There was no need, because once the mines hit groundwater, there was no economical method to continue mining and the town all but dried up. The very reason that caused Tombstone's failure wound up being its savior, as television and movies romanced the old west, interest in Tombstone increased. Tombstone has become a tourist attraction, the O.K. Corral has been restored and the gunfight is reenacted daily. (The Tombstone Epitaph (http://www.tombstoneepitaph.com/index.html) is still being published. Tombstones is known as "The town too tough to die (http://www.cityoftombstone.com/)."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Allen_Street_Tombstone.jpg/800px-Allen_Street_Tombstone.jpg
Allen Street today. Photo by "Grombo," used with permission.

...in 2009, did you visit the End of the Internet at the top of this post? No one is really sure when the tradition of playing tricks and practical jokes on April 1 began, but most historians agree that it traces back to 1582 when France adopted the new Gregorian calendar and dumped the Julian calendar. The old calendar, which dated back to Julius Caesar in Rome, recognized the first day of the new year as the Ides of March, or the 15th, because it was close to the vernal equinox. As the centuries went on, the start of the new year was April 1, but with the adoption of the Gregorian calendar, the new year started on January 1. It was believed that anyone foolish enough to celebrate the new year on April 1 was deserving of ridicule and to be the brunt of jokes. Modern April Fools gags included the BBC in 1957 reporting on Swiss farmers harvesting a record spaghetti crop with films of people plucking spaghetti from trees. In 1992, Rush Limbaugh announced that he was supporting Bill Clinton in the presidential election and in 1996, Taco Bell claimed to have purchased the Liberty Bell and was renaming in the Taco Liberty Bell. Two years later, Burger King advertised a "Left-Handed Whopper" with hundreds of suckers ordering the phony sandwich. Tell your friends that the Internet has come to an end and send them the link.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 45 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 2005, Pope John Paul II died in the Vatican. He was the first non-Italian to hold the position since the 16th Century. He was well loved and respected around the world, an estimated two million people packed Vatican City for his funeral. John Paul II was born in Wadowice, Poland, near Krakow, as Karol Jozef Wojtyla. The remarkable man was both the youngest man to be chosen Pope in 132 years and he was the first Pope of Slavic descent. John Paul II was conservative and staunch in his beliefs, he was anti-communist and anti-war, he was against abortion, capital punishment, homosexuality and contraception. Later in his term, he was outspoken against euthanasia, human cloning and stem cell research. He was the most widely traveled Pope in history, speaking Polish, Italian, French, German, English, Spanish, Portuguese and Latin. Along with his fluency, his personal charm carried him well throughout the world, connecting to not only Catholics but people of all faiths. Two assassination attempts were made on his life, both unsuccessful, and he personally forgave his attackers. John Paul II is well remembered for his efforts to end communism and for issuing the Church's first apologies for the Church's role in World War II. Joeseph Cardinal Ratzinger became Pope Benedict XVI after John Paul's death, and he immediately took the first steps to beatify John Paul II as a saint.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/JohannesPaul2-portrait.jpg
Pope John Paull II

...in 1979, Ekaterinburg, Russia, (formerly known as Sverdlosk) became the location of the first anthrax epidemic in the world. In a six week period, 62 people perished. The town was and still is still an agricultural community. Livestock was also lost during the six week epidemic. The Soviet government released a statement that the citizens had ingested tainted meat, but the town was known in intelligence circles as a center of biological weapons research. As a result, most everyone was skeptical but it took until after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1992 that the truth was finally revealed. Workers at the Ekaterinburg weapons plant had not replaced a crucial filter, the result was weapons-grade anthrax being released into the atmosphere. The wind carried the spores into the rural area of the community, infecting people and animals. Had the town been downwind at the time of the release, far more people would likely have died. (Sverdlosk was the location of the Ipatiev House, where Czar Nicholas II and his family (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index271.html#post614211) were executed by the Bolsheviks. It was also the location where Francis Gary Powers was shot down in his U-2 spy plane on May 1, 1960.)

...in 1956, Alfred P. Sloan stepped down as the Chairman of General Motors after holding the helm for almost two decades. Sloan was the architect of the modern GM, after he joined the loosely-knit organization put together by Billy Durant. Sloan came to GM in 1916 with Hyatt Roller Bearing Corporation when Durant purchased the company to be part of GM. Sloan worked his way up to Vice President in 1923, becoming chairman in 1937, and he set about modernizing the corporation. He built a new headquarters (usually referred to as "The Ivory Tower" for its white marble fascade) and a centralized operations center. He streamlined operations and focused on profits, turning GM into a business model that was respected around the world. Sloan is also remembered for GM's strategy of "A car for every purse and purpose" as well his philosophy that "The business of business is business." He died in 1966 at the age of 90.

http://www.latimes.com/media/photo/2009-03/45879348.jpg
Alfred P. Sloan (1875-1966) It has
been said that Sloan is "The Father of
the modern corporation." Where is he
now that GM needs him?

...in 1972, Charlie Chaplin returned to the United States for the first time since 1952. The always left-leaning British subject was branded as a communist and after he went home for a visit in 1952, FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover had his re-entry permit canceled. Chaplin vowed to never return to the US, but relented in 1972 to accept a special Academy Award. He died on Christmas Day, 1977, at the age of 88, at his home in Vevey, Switzerland.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Chaplin-charlie.jpg/455px-Chaplin-charlie.jpg
Chaplin, as The Tramp ca. 1926

...in 1513, Juan Ponce de Leon set foot on the coast of Florida near present day St. Augustine, claiming the land in the name of Spain. de Leon was in search of the "Fountain of Youth," a magic water that granted the consumer eternal youth. (It appears that many of today's retirment age folks are still in search of it.) De Leon named what he thought was an island, "La Florida" because the landing occurred during the Easter feast, "Pascua Florida." He returned in 1521 to establish a Spanish colony, only to receive a mortal wound in conflict with unfriendly natives. He returned to Cuba where he died from the injuries. St. Augustine was finally settled in 1565 and remains the oldest community in the New World. In 1819, Florida was granted to the United States in the Florida Purchase Treaty with Spain.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Juan_Ponce_de_Le%C3%B3n.jpg/225px-Juan_Ponce_de_Le%C3%B3n.jpg
Juan Ponce de Leon (1474-1521)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 47 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1860, the Pony Express began operation when two riders left both terminals, St. Joseph, Missouri and Sacramento, California, at the same time. Relay teams of riders and horses carried mail pouches over the 1,800 mile trip in about 10 days. At the time, that was an incredible decrease in the time it took mail to make the journey. California had become a state in 1850 but was geographically cut off from the rest of the nation. Mail was carried either by ship, which took about a month to make the journey "around the Horn," or via stagecoach on the newly opened Butterfield Express route, which could take upwards from three weeks to make the trip. Riders, who could not weigh more than 125 pounds, were paid $25 per week, when the average wage was $1.00 per day. (The Butterfield Express, which had the mail contract, was required by law to use the Oxbow Route, which went through El Paso, Texas and Fort Yuma, Arizona, a route that was 600 miles longer than the northern route that was used by the Pony Express.) The Pony Express never won the mail contract, it never made any money, and it lasted only 19 months. Pony Express ceased operation on October 26, 1861, just two days after the transcontinental telegraph became operational, rending it obsolete. Ironically, the Pony Express came under the control of the Butterfield Overland Express, and the whole works was sold to Wells, Fargo and Company. (The Pony Express, the telegraph line, the transcontinental railroad and the 20th Century Lincoln Highway all followed nearly the same alignment.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4b/TCTelegraph.jpg/350px-TCTelegraph.jpg
A Pony Express rider waves to the men
who are putting him out of a job..

...in 1882, Jesse James was shot in the back by Robert Ford, a member of the James Gang, who wanted to collect the bounty on James' head. Jesse and his brother, Frank, joined a guerrilla group led by William Quantrill that was known as Quantrill's Raiders. It was a quasi-unit of the Confederate army that terrorized Kansas and Missouri, acting on behalf of the Confederate army where there was no army. In 1863, Quantrill's Raiders massacred the citizens of Lawrence, Kansas, an abolitionist town. At the end of the Civil War, Jesse and Frank James, along with brothers Cole, James, and Robert Younger continued the military style raids for the express purpose of armed robbery. Their first raid was the first daylight bank robbery in America, when they held up the bank in Liberty, Missouri, scoring $60,000.00 in cash, coins and securities. Over the following 16 years, the James/Younger gang became the most notorious outlaws in the country, robbing banks, trains, stagecoaches and individuals.

(There is some compelling evidence behind a theory that the James Gang was actually raising money to help fund a return of the Confederacy, and that they were members of a secret society known as the Knights of the Golden Circle. Most of the massive amounts of money stolen has never been recovered, and none of the gang members were obviously living beyond their means. The theory goes on to say that most of the stolen money remains buried in numerous locations around the south. The story of the Knights of the Golden Circle and the buried treasure is the subject of a book entitled Shadow of the Sentinel (http://books.google.com/books?id=LIKtwULMP98C&dq=shadow+of+a+sentinel&printsec=frontcover&source=bn&hl=en&ei=8KbSSeLWH9bqnQfjr53iBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=4&ct=result) by Bob Brewer, and the KGC legend was the inspiration of the Disney film National Treasure 2: Book of Secrets.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Jesse_and_Frank_James.gif
Frank and Jesse James ca. 1872

...in 1885, a patent for a one-cylinder, water cooled engine was issued to Gottlieb Daimler. Development of the internal combustion engine had been stymied by the tremendous amounts of heat developed by the controlled explosions in the cylinders. Engine developers had been looking for a breakthrough, which Daimler provided by circulating cooling water through the engine block to carry away the heat. Except for a few notable exceptions, such as the old Volkswagon beetle's air-cooled engine, all modern engines still use Daimler's principle of liquid cooling. Daimler, with his partner Wilhelm Maybach, completed their first automobile in 1889, the first of a family of Daimler's fabulous automobiles. In 1924, Daimler merged with Karl Benz to from the famous company that still bears their names. (Daimler-Benz also builds the ultra-luxurious Maybach, so all three partners' names are still alive in the market.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gottliebdaimler1.jpg/213px-Gottliebdaimler1.jpg
Gottlieb Daimler (1834-1900)

...in 1996, the Museum of Modern Art in New York City placed a Jaguar E-type into permanent exhibit, just the third automobile to be so honored by MOMA. The 1961 E-type was the first Jaguar to come to market after the factory had been destroyed by fire in 1957. The sleek lines made it an immediate hit. A Jaguar XKE was the car racing the Corvette in Jan and Dean's single Dead Man's Curve in 1964 and was also a featured car in the The Rip Cords' Hey, Little Cobra (written by Carol Conner) also in 1964. The Jaguar E-type is considered one of the top all-time automotive designs and truly is a work of art.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/SeriesoneJag.jpg/250px-SeriesoneJag.jpg
Jaguar E-Series Coupe]

...in 1968, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his "I've Been to the Mountaintop" speech in Memphis, Tennessee, in support of striking sanitation workers. It is considered one of the top 100 speeches of all times. He ended the speech by saying, "He's allowed me to go up to the mountain. And I've looked over. And I've seen the promised land. I may not get there with you. But I want you to know tonight, that we, as a people, will get to the promised land. And I'm happy, tonight. I'm not worried about anything. I'm not fearing any man. Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord." The next day, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. would die from an assassin's bullet.

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1964/king.jpg
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:31 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 50 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1841, William Henry Harrison died of pneumonia, in the White House, only 31 days after his inauguration. He was the ninth President of the United States and the first to die in office. In 1811, he led US forces against Shawnee Chief Tecumseh at the Battle of Tippecanoe, near today's Lafayette, Indiana. In 1812 in the War of 1812, he led the successful recovery of Detroit from the British. He was elected to the House of Representatives and to the Senate in 1825. In 1840, he ran for president with John Tyler as his vice presidential running mate, using the slogan, "Tippecanoe and Tyler, too!" His inauguration was on March 4 and in bitterly cold weather, he gave the record longest inauguration speech of two hours. He contracted pneumonia and died in office on this date, with John Tyler ascending to the presidency.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4f/William_Henry_Harrison_daguerreotype.jpg/225px-William_Henry_Harrison_daguerreotype.jpg
William Henry Harrison in an
1841 Daguerreotype by Moore and Ward.

...in 1939, in a little-known event in the lives of two of America's most popular comedians, Jack Benny, on this day in 1939, was found guilty on federal charges of jewel smuggling. George Burns was also convicted of the same crime in January of the same year, he plead guilty but Benny pled not guilty and went to trial. In reality, Benny and Burns were the victims of a scam run by Albert Chaperau, who's real name was Nathan Schapiro, a career criminal and confidence man who claimed to be a Nicaraguan diplomat. He claimed he could bring jewelry into the United States without paying duty as he carried the jewels in a diplomatic pouch. Chapereau got nailed on info from an informant then rolled on his Hollywood clients. Burns and Benny were not the only ones to be taken in by Chaperau but they were the most famous. The two were buying the jewels for their wives, Gracie Allen and Mary Livingstone, but wound up paying fines. Burns paid $15,000.00 in fines and received one year and one day suspended sentence. Jack Benny paid $10,000.00 in fines and was given a 6 month suspended sentence. The fink was a maid who was pro-Nazi (of all things) and was paid $8,000.00 for acting as a government informant. (We assume her pro-Hitler stance eventually got her into trouble with the government.) The events had no effect on the careers of any of the four, as most people never even heard of the case, but every time they went to the White House afterward, the subject always came up. (While researching this article, I've found that the (usually public) FBI files on Burns and Benny have been made unavailable.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f6/JackandMaryBenny.gif
Jack Benny and Mary Livingstone

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/38/Burnsgracie.jpg/300px-Burnsgracie.jpg
Gracie Allen and George Burns

...in 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee just after 6 PM, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was shot and killed while standing outside his second floor hotel room on the balcony at the Lorraine Motel. He was there in support of a strike by sanitation workers. As word of his assassination spread, riots broke out across the country, in fact, the National Guard was called out in Memphis and Washington. Tens of thousands of people lined the route of his funeral procession, his bier carried on a common farm wagon drawn by mules. Later in the evening, a .30-06 hunting rifle was found across the street. Prints on the weapon, eyewitness accounts and the rifle itself pointed to James Earl Ray, a low-level criminal with a long rap sheet of petty crimes. He tried to flee and was arrested by Scotland Yard in London while trying to get to Rhodesia (today: Zimbabwe) a supremacist country. He was extradited and plead guilty to avoid the chair. He maintained his innocence until his death in 1998 and claimed he was framed as part of a vast conspiracy involving the FBI, the government and the military. His case has been investigated several times, by the House Select Committee on Assassinations, the Shelby County DA's office, and the U.S. Justice Department. All the investigations led to the same conclusion: James Earl Ray was an outspoken racist who hated Martin Luther King, Jr. and murdered the civil rights leader in Memphis on this date in 1968.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Martin_Luther_King_was_shot_here_Small_Web_view.jp g/180px-Martin_Luther_King_was_shot_here_Small_Web_view.jp g
The Lorraine Motel, where the murder took place,
is the location of the National Civil Rights Museum.

That's it. That's all we know as of 8:01 PM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 33 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1955, the leader of the free world during WWII retired as the Prime Minister of Great Britain. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was born in 1874 and became a member of the British Fourth Hussars in 1895 where he built a military reputation in India, the Sudan and South Africa. He resigned in 1899 and entered politics, winning a seat in Parliament in 1900. He became First Lord of the Admiralty in 1911 and began preparations for the war that was looming. He returned to politics after the war, and was an outspoken critic of the Nazis and Hitler but his warnings were unheeded. At the outbreak of the war, he replaced the weak Neville Chamberlain as Prime Minister. (Churchill reported said about Chamberlain, "An appeaser is one who feeds a crocodile, hoping it will eat him last.") Churchill rallied the British population, declaring that the British would never surrender. He built a resolute population, dedicated to repelling Germany from Britain's shores. With his usual brilliance, he arranged the alliance between Britain, Roosevelt and Stalin that would eventually crush the Nazi movement. He led Britain through its darkest period in history, and as a reward, was voted out of office at the end of the war! In 1951, he was reelected until he retired, this day in 1955. Churchill was a brilliant man, accomplished Nobel Prize winning author and captivating speaker. His lines are still quoted today, including a 1941 graduation speech at Harrow School where all he said was, "Never give in--never, never, never, never, in nothing great or small, large or petty, never give in except to convictions of honour and good sense. Never yield to force; never yield to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Churchill_portrait_NYP_45063.jpg/250px-Churchill_portrait_NYP_45063.jpg
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (1874-1965).
Although prepared for martyrdom, I preferred that it be postponed.

...in 1931, the Fox Film Corporation dropped Marion Michael Morrison from its roster of actors. The lot hand had acted in several films in bit parts, and apparently, Fox management didn't see a future for the tall actor. Morrison was born in Iowa in 1908 but moved to California as a child. He attended USC on a football scholarship but dropped out and took a job as a lot hand at Fox. There, he befriended a young director named John Ford. When he was billed in a film, it was as Duke Morrison, the nickname coming from a childhood pet. He had a starring role in 1930 in a film that flopped, entitled The Big Trail. At Lone Star Studios, he was in 16 forgettable westerns, even playing a singing cowboy. In 1939, however, he was given a major role in the film Stagecoach that was directed by his old friend, John Ford. Billed as John Wayne, he went on to make over 250 films in his career, many of them directed by John Ford.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/John_Wayne_in_Wake_of_the_Red_Witch_trailer.jpg
John Wayne, in his arguably worst movie,
Wake of the Red Witch in 1948.

...in 1792, President George Washington issued the first presidential veto. It was a bill that was designed to reapportion seats in the House of Representatives that would have given an disproportionate amount of seats to northern states. Washington vetoed the bill on the grounds that it was unconstituional and was not what the framers had in mind. Congress might overruled the veto, but instead, wrote a new bill that was based on a math formula that was based on population. Washington vetoed only one other bill in his two terms, in 1797 Congress passed a bill that would have reduced the size of the military, which Washington vetoed. (Does any of this sound familiar? There's not much new, is there?)

...in 1614, an English tobacco planter in the Jamestown settlement in Virginia married Pocahontas, the daughter of the Powhatan Indians. Jamestown was settled in 1607, the first English colony in the New World. The colony struggled in the early days but remained with the efforts of John Smith who directed the colony's survival efforts and laid out maps of the area. He was exploring the Chickahominy River when he was captured by the Powhatan, which was a confederacy of several local tribes. He was sentenced to die but was spared by the intercession of Matoaka, Chief Powhatan's 13 year old daughter. Her nickname was "Pocahontas" or "Playful One." Over the years, Pocahontas came to the colony as the chief's ambassador, where she learned English life and befriended the colonists. Smith was forced to return to England from injuries, and the colony was about to be abandoned when a new governor arrived, Barron De La Warr. (Say it out loud. A river and colony would be named after him.) The marriage of Pocahontas and John Rolfe brought an uneasy peace between the colonies and the Indians. Rolfe and his wife, now christened Rebecca, traveled to England where she was presented at court as an Indian Princess. The day before they were to return to the colony, Pocahontas died (probably from smallpox) and was buried in England. Rolfe died in an Indian massacre in 1622.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Pocahontas_original.jpg/180px-Pocahontas_original.jpg
A 1616 engraving of Pocahontas by Simon van de Passe.
The original caption read:
"Matoaks als Rebecka daughter
to the mighty Prince Powhâtan
Emperour of Attanoughkomouck
als virginia converted and baptized
in the Christian faith, and wife to
John Rolfe."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Pocahontas_at_jamestown.jpg/175px-Pocahontas_at_jamestown.jpg
A statue of Pocahontas was placed
in Jamestown in 1922. Note how her facial
features are more Anglican than in the
contemporary engraving, shown above.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 41 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1917, the House of Representatives voted 373 to 50 to approve a war declaration that the Senate had approved 82-6 just two days earlier. With the vote, the United States formally entered World War I. The war had started in 1914 with the United States staying away. Henry Ford, an avowed pacifist, made an idealistic attempt to end the war in December of 1915. “We’re going to try to get the boys out of the trenches before Christmas,” the confident automaker said. “I’ve chartered a ship, and some of us are going to Europe.” It failed and was met with ridicule. Germany followed a strategy of blockading Great Britain. Germany announced that all shipping, neutral or not, was subject to attack once entering British waters. Because Great Britain was a trade partner, German U-Boats began attacking American shipping, sinking the William P. Frye, a private vessel, in March 1915, The Germans called it an unfortunate mistake. On May 7, the Germans sank the British ship Lusitania killing 1,201 of the 2,000 people on board, 128 were Americans. The Germans seemed aloof to American protestation, but promised to see to the safety of passenger of unarmed ships, but in November, a U-boat sank an Italian ship that killed 27 Americans. Public opinion began to turn against Germany but the last straw occurred in February of 1917 when a U-boat sank the American liner Housatonic. Although it took some time for General Pershing and his troops to arrive "Over There" the arrival of the Americans turned the tide of the war.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/John_Pershing.jpg/150px-John_Pershing.jpg
General John J. Pershing at
Chaumont, France, 1918.

...in 1862, the Civil War moved into the west as Union forces under Ulyses S. Grant and Confederate troops under General Albert Sidney Johnston met at Shiloh, near Pittsburgh Landing, in Tennessee. It was the bloodiest battle of the war, up to that point, and the brutality surprised both sides. The Union army had been working its way along the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers, Kentucky was under Union control as was much of Tennessee, even the capital at Nashville was in Union hands. Grant, with 42,000 men, was trying to reach General Don Carlos Buell's Army of the Ohio that was 20,000 strong. They wanted to take Corinth, a rail center that would give the Union control over the entire region. Johnston's army of 45,000 was waiting for them at Corinth. But Johnston didn't wait. He began advancing on April 3, encountering the Union on April 6, pushing them back to a chuch called "Shiloh." Eventually, Buell's army arrived to reinforce Grant and the fresh troops were able to push the fatigued Confederate army to Corinth, a major Union victory. Ironically, Shiloh is a biblical term that means "place of peace."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Battle_of_Shiloh_Thulstrup.jpg/300px-Battle_of_Shiloh_Thulstrup.jpg
The Battle of Shiloh by Thure de Thulstrup

...in 1970, Dr. Sam Sheppard died of liver failure at the age of 46. The Sam Sheppard case was an absolute media frenzy in the 1950s for the trial and re-trial of the doctor for murdering his pregnant wife. On July 4, 1954, Marilyn Sheppard was found, beaten to death, in the Bay Village, Ohio home they shared. Sheppard claimed that a "bushy-haired" attacker had beaten her to death, and even beat him. The Sheppard's son slept through the entire ordeal just down the hall. In December 1954, he was convicted of second-degree homicide and sentenced to life in prison, while maintaining his innocence. Ten years later, F. Lee Bailey won a new trial and in 1966, he was aquitted. The case put Bailey in the limelight and he went on to other high-profile trials, most notably, O.J. Simpson. Sheppard, meanwhile, returned to his medical practice, tried his hand at professional wrestling but he also took up drinking. Although no one was ever arrested for the murder of Marilyn Sheppard, Richard Eberling, a window washer who once worked for the Sheppards, was found to have one of Marilyn's rings in his possession. He was convicted of the murder of another woman and died, in prison, in the 1980s. Sam and Marilyn Sheppard were the inspiration for Dr. Richard Kimble, The Fugitive.

http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/FTrials/sheppard/samsheppards.jpg
Dr. Sam Sheppard (1923-1970)

...in 1896, the first modern Olympics were held in Athens, Greece with athletes from 14 countries participating. The ancient olympics were thought to have originated in Olympia, Greece around 776 BC. The last olympiad was held about 393 AD, banned by the Roman government. The modern International Olympic Committee met in 1894 and chose Greece as the appropriate place to restart the ancient tradition. 241 men (no women) representing 14 countries were there to compete in the 43 scheduled events. James Connolly of the United States became the first Olympic champion, winning the triple jump on the first day. He would later finish second in the high jump and third in the long jump. The United States took home the most first place finishes with 11, although Germany, France, Great Britain and Greece all had more athletes participating. Greece won the most first, second or third place finishes (46) and a Greek runner, Spyridon Louis, won the marathon. The first Olympiad came to an end on April 15, 1896. It was not until the 3rd Olympiad, held in St. Louis, that the now-familiar Bronze, Silver and Gold medals were awarded. The games returned to Athens in 2004, this time, with 10,625 athletes (4,329 women) representing 201 nations, all participating in 301 events.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/1896_Olympic_opening_ceremony.jpg
The opening ceremony of the 1896 Olympics
in the Panathinaiko Stadium

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 35 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1873, one of the winningest managers in Major League baseball was born in Truxton, New York. John McGraw won 2,763 games as a manager, second only to the legendary Connie Mack who had 3,731 wins. McGraw played for St. Bonaventure University and joined the Baltimore Orioles in 1891. He played third base in his 9 year career, had a reputation as a talented batter and for his aggressive personality. He went to the New York Giants and became the player-manager of the team. He ended his playing career in 1906 and continued as the manager until 1932. In that time, the Giants won 10 pennants, finished second 11 times and won the World Series three times. McGraw had a magnificent understanding of baseball, he invented the hit-and-run and the squeeze play. His rather abrasive personality got him ejected from 131 games (second only to Bobby Cox.) McGraw died in 1934 at the age of 60 and he was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1937. (Shortly after his death, McGraw's widow found a list of all the African-American players John McGraw wanted to have play on his teams.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/John_McGraw_1924.jpg/200px-John_McGraw_1924.jpg
John McGraw (1873-1934)

...in 1891, Phineas Taylor Barnum died in Bridgeport, Connecticut. The 80 year old politician, author, entrepreneur, and showman was still a force to be reckoned with. He once asked a New York newspaper to run his obituary so he could read it and enjoy it and the paper obliged. He was born in Bethel, Connecticut in 1810, and when he was 15, his father died. That left him to fend for his mother and five siblings, which he did by publishing a paper in Danbury, where he was often sued for libel and even spent two months in jail. He married at 19. In 1835, he went to New York with Joice Heath, an elderly and almost blind African-American. He claimed she was 161 years old and had been a nurse to George Washington. Barnum was making $1500 a week promoting the hoax, so in 1842, he purchased the American Museum in New York and filled the five story building with every freak, oddball and sideshow character he could find. The museum had Siamese twins, joined at the chest, a mermaid preserved in liquid and other elaborate hoaxes. By far and away, his most popular oddity was in the form of Charles Stratton, a midget who used the stage name, "General Tom Thumb." The 3'3" tall "General" was so popular that he was invited to an audience with the Queen of England. 82 million guests toured Barnum's museum in its 26 year run. A fire swept through the museum in 1868, so Barnum closed it and toured the country promoting Jenny Lind, "The Swedish Nightingale." At the age of 60, he married a 20 year old woman and at 61, in Delavan, Wisconsin, he launched "P.T. Barnum's Grand Traveling Museum, Menagerie, Caravan and Circus." It was the largest circus in America at the time, and he added the innovation of having three shows going on at once in three separate rings. In 1872, he began to promote it as "The Greatest Show on Earth," a slogan that is fiercely protected to this day. In 1881, he merged with James A. Bailey's London circus and promoted it with the unwieldy name of "P.T. Barnum's Greatest Show on Earth, and The Great London Circus, Sanger's Royal British Menagerie and the Grand International Allied Shows United." In 1888, it just became known as "Barnum & Bailey Greatest Show on Earth." His last words were, "Ask Bailey what the box office was at the Garden last night." (The show continued under Baily's guidance, and he took the circus to Europe for a five year tour. This allowed the Ringing Brothers' circus to sweep into the east coast and fill the void left by the Greatest Show on Earth being in Europe. The Ringlings, natives of Baraboo, Wisconsin, would buy the Barnum show in 1907. The Ringlings operated both shows as separate entities until 1919 when they were combined and became known as Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Combined Shows. The show continues to this day. The antique remains of the combined shows, including the largest collection of circus wagons in the world, are on display at the Circus World Museum (http://circusworld.wisconsinhistory.org/) in the Ringling's home town, Baraboo, Wisconsin.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/02/GeneralTomThumbWeddingHarpers.jpg/180px-GeneralTomThumbWeddingHarpers.jpg
General Tom Thumb & Lavinia Warren
on their wedding day as they appeared
on the cover of Harper's Weekly in 1863.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Barnum_%26_Bailey_clowns_and_geese2.jpg/250px-Barnum_%26_Bailey_clowns_and_geese2.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Phineas_Taylor_Barnum_portrait.jpg/200px-Phineas_Taylor_Barnum_portrait.jpg

Phineas Taylor Barnum (1810-1891)
He is oft misquoted for having said,
"There's a sucker born every minute."
The familiar phrase was actually uttered
by David Hannum, a huckster who perpetrated
the Cardiff Giant (http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/archive/permalink/the_cardiff_giant/) hoax, then had
the audacity to sue Barnum for creating a
fake of his fake. Barnum's biggest innovation
in the circus business was to move his show
via train, which he owned. With no real roads
in America, it was a brilliant move, later copied
by other circus operators, that allowed the show
to bypass small towns and go directly to larger
cities where larger crowds increased profits.

...in 1994, a brutal civil war began in Rwanda with the murder of 10 Belgian peace keepers who were in Rwanda at the request of the United Nations. The attack was designed to discourage international interruption, which it succeeded in doing. In the following three months, the Hutu extremists who had seized control of Rwanda murdered an estimated 800,000 civilian Tutsis in a massive genocide, the largest since the Holocaust. The Tutsis comprised 10% of the Rwandan population and received no assistance from the international community. The Hutus and Tutsis were of similar background, shared a common language and a shared culture that went back generations. About 1990, Hutu President Juvenal Habyarimana began using anti-Tutsi rhetoric to consolidate his power with the Hutus. There were several raids on the Tutsis resulting in hundreds being massacred. The army and government began to arm the Hutus and in Janurary, 1994, the UN warned that the genocide was imminent. On April 6, 1994, President Habyarimana died when his plane crashed, most likely at the hands of Hutu extremists who believed the president was about to sign a peace treaty. Hutu extremists in the military, led by Colonel Bagosora, killed the Belgians and began to murder innocent Tutsis and moderate Hutus within hours of the crash. Radio broadcasts called for Hutus to kill all the Tutsis in the country. The national police and the army directed the genocide and thousands were hacked to pieces by neighbors armed with machetes. The international community hesitated to take any action, ascribing the genocide to chaos and tribal disputes. The Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) was a Tutsi military group that was outside of the country. They mounted a military action to retake the government. By summer, the RPF had defeated the Hutu forces and drove them out of the country. By that time, over 3/4 of the Tutsi population had been murdered. In 2006 David Kabuye, the Managing Editor of New Times Publications, said "There are no us and them, there are Rwandans." He went on to say that the millions of Rwandans that fled their country during the genocide are still returning but things have changed so much that they don't know their way around. Rwanda is moving toward a knowledge based economy. Kabuye says, "This presents the challenge of developing a high tech communications infrastructure alongside the basic needs for clean water, sewage disposal and power generation. The 1994 genocide is never far away..."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Rusesabagina%2C_Paul_%28Whitehouse%29.jpg
Paul Rusesabagina was the manager of the
Hôtel des Diplomates in Kigali, Rwanda in 1994. He turned
the hotel into a refuge camp, saving 1,268 Tutsis and
moderate Hutus from certain death. His story was told
in the 2004 Don Cheadle film, Hotel Rwanda (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0395169/).

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 39 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1910, the first wooden track for automobile racing opened in Los Angeles near Playa del Rey. The track was based on the design of the velodromes of France that were used for bicycle racing. The track was one mile, banked at 20 degrees and paved completely with 2x4s. The track became known as "The Boards" and cars could reach speeds of 120 miles per hour. Within five years, there were about a half a dozen of the wood tracks operating around the country, some banked as steeply as 45º! (A driver could run his car up to 100 mph on such a track without touching the steering wheel.) By 1931, there were two dozen wood tracks operating, including one in Hollywood where the exclusive shops of Rodeo Drive are located today. Unfortunately, the life expectancy of the wood was five years when it would splinter and develop potholes. During the depression, there just wasn't enough revenue to keep the tracks operational and they all ceased operations. (The LA Motordome burned down in 1913.)

http://www.silhouet.com/motorsport/tracks/usa/playa_del_rey.jpg
Los Angeles Motordrome.

...in 1990, ABC began airing David Lynch's eerie and quirky series, Twin Peaks. Kyle McLachlan played Special Agent Dale Cooper, sent to a small Pacific Northwest town to investigate the murder of Laura Palmer. The show instantly became a cult classic and developed a loyal following, at least, until the story line got a little too weird, even for David Lynch standards. The show was cancelled in June, 1991.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/50/Agentdalecooper.jpg/250px-Agentdalecooper.jpg
Twin Peaks was known for a dizzying array of strange characters,
including Kyle MacLachlan as Dale Cooper, who lived for coffee,
cherry pie and donuts.

...in 1935, Congress voted to approve the Works Progress Administration (WPA) as the crown jewel of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal. The predecessor of the WPA was the Civil Works Administration, which began operation on November 8, 1933 and ceased operation on March 31, 1934 after being struck down by the Supreme Court for being unconstitutional. Both programs were designed to provide employment for chronically unemployed people during the depression era. The WPA hired more than 8.5 million people before it ceased operation in 1943. The program was not to conflict with private enterprise and most projects were on public lands, including parks, bridges, buildings, highways and dams. Even though the program was controversial on constitutional levels, it was extremely popular and contributed to FDR's landslide re-election in 1936. (In the Milwaukee area, WPA projects included many of the county parks. Structures in the parks, bridges and buildings for example, were built with dolomite, locally quarried in an area known as "Lannon" and the dolomite is known here as Lannon Stone. The WPA built the welcome center at the Boerner Botanical Gardens (http://www.boernerbotanicalgardens.org/support/v6.html) in Whitnall Park along with the club house at the golf course. Another New Deal "Make Work" program, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) built the gardens. You probably have similar WPA projects in your community.)

http://www.boernerbotanicalgardens.org/support/v6e.jpg
The Boerner Botanical Gardens were built by
the CCC but the buildings were WPA projects.

http://bridgehunter.com/photos/11/34/113448-M.jpg
http://bridgehunter.com/photos/11/34/113452-M.jpg
Many bridges in Milwaukee County Parks were
built by the WPA.

...in 1974, Henry Aaron hit his 715th career home run to break the all time career record set by Babe Ruth. Aaron started his career in the old Negro Leagues and played minor league ball in Eau Claire, Wisconsin before being called up to the big club, the Milwaukee Braves, in 1954. (The Braves had moved to Milwaukee from Boston in 1953.) Aaron was a local hero to kids like your's truly. When the Braves were stolen by Atlanta interests, Aaron went to Atlanta. In 1975, he was traded to the Milwaukee Brewers where he finished his career playing in front of the fans who still loved him. He wound up with 755 career home runs and was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1982. He is still active in baseball as an executive with Atlanta.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/HankAaron.jpg
Hank Aaron ca. 1957. Note the "M" on
his hat. The Braves broke my 13 year old
heart when they moved to Atlanta, taking
Hank Aaron with them.

“Trying to throw a fastball by Henry Aaron
is like trying to sneak a sunrise past a rooster.”
— Curt Simmons

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 26 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1865, the Civil War came to an end when Confederate General Robert E. Lee met Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia. Lee was dressed in his best uniform while Grant was dressed in his simple coat, muddy from his week-long pursuit of Lee's army. Lee had been attempting to outrun Grant along the Appomattox River while being shadowed by Union General Phillip Sheridan to the south. Lee was running out of supplies and Confederate soldiers began to desert on the retreat. When Lee arrived at Appomattox Court House, he was trapped. He sent a request to meet with Grant. The men met at 2:00 PM where they reminisced about their work together during the Mexican War, then got down to business. Grant offered generous terms, allowing officers to keep their side arms. He also allowed any officer or soldier to keep horses that they personally owned, in order to help put crops in the field. Lee said the terms would have "the best possible effect upon the men," and "will do much toward conciliating our people." It brought to an end one of the most tragic and bloodiest periods of American history, costing untold property damage but also costing over a million casualties as well as the lives of over 630,000 Americans, more than 350,000 Union soldiers and over a quarter million Confederate soldiers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Appomattox_courthouse.jpg/300px-Appomattox_courthouse.jpg
Appomattox Courthouse, April 1865.

...in 1905, the City of Duluth opened the first aerial car ferry across the ship canal that allowed ship entrance to the Duluth Harbor. It allowed citizen access to Point Park along Lake Avenue. The structure was a huge truss that carried a gondola over the channel. The gondola could carry 125,000 pounds which translated into a streetcar, two fully loaded farm wagons with teams and 350 people. The gondola was suspended about 12 feet above the water and made twelve trips per hour. In 1931, the structure was converted to a lift bridge that is still in operation today.

http://www.duluth.lib.mn.us/Images/Bridge/Gondola.jpg
The gondola could carry 125,000 pounds and made 12 one-minutes
trips per hour during prime hours.

http://www.duluth.lib.mn.us/Images/Bridge/Postcard.jpg
The truss and gondola approaching the north dock.

http://bridgehunter.com/photos/11/48/114815-M.jpg
Today, the truss carries a lift bridge that operates 5,500 times
per year, up to forty times a day in the summer.
(Photo by Historic American Engineering Record.)

...in 1959, NASA introduced the first of America's astronauts, Scott Carpenter, L. Gordon Cooper, John Glenn, Virgil "Gus" Grissom, Walter Schirra Jr., Alan Shepard Jr. and Donald "Deke" Slayton. The seven test pilots were winnowed out from a list of 32 volunteers to be the astronauts of Project Mercury, America's first forray into manned space travel. America was already behind in the "Space Race" with Russia, as the Soviet Union had launched the first artificial satellite, Sputnik in 1957. NASA began the search by reviewing the dossiers of 508 military test pilots, choosing 110 likely candidates. They were divided into three groups, the lower third was eliminated, leaving 64 potential astronauts. Six were found to have grown too tall since their previous exams. After a battery of written and physical tests, the group was narrowed to 31, and they were subjected to some incredible and grueling examinations, including time in a pressure tank and two hours in a chamber that was heated to 130º F. Of the 31, six were to be selected, but these seven stood out, so all seven were chosen. (The selection process was the basis of the 1983 film The Right Stuff.) Shepard was the first to fly, Grissom was second, Glenn was the first to orbit, Deke Slayton was grounded due to an irregular heartbeat and was replaced on the fourth mission by Scott Carpenter, Wally Shirra flew the fifth mission of 6 orbits, "Gordo" Cooper was the first American in space for over 24 hours and was the last to orbit the earth in a solo capsule.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Project_Mercury-Mercury_Seven-Astronauts.jpg/200px-Project_Mercury-Mercury_Seven-Astronauts.jpg
The Mercury Seven astronauts with a model of an Atlas rocket.
From left to right:
Grissom, Shepard, Carpenter, Schirra,
Slayton, Glenn, Cooper.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mercury_profile.jpg/500px-Mercury_profile.jpg
The manned Mercury launches, from left to right:
Shepard, Grissom, Glenn, Carpenter, Shirra, Cooper.
The first two launches were performed with the Redstone Rocket, a
refined German V-2 rocket (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index274.html#post634156) from World War II.

...in 1939, this date was Easter Sunday and more than 75,000 people crowded the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. to hear Marian Anderson give a free concert. The famed contralto was scheduled to sing at Washington's Constitution Hall, unfortunately, the hall was managed by the Daughters of the American Revolution and they denied her performance because she was African-American. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt immediately resigned her membership from the DAR in protest, followed by thousands of others. Anderson grew up in relative poverty in South Philadelphia but became a world-famous singer in the 1920s. She toured extensively in Europe, where renowned Italian conductor, Arturo Toscanini, told her "Yours is a voice such as one hears once in a hundred years." Recognition came much more slowly in her native America. Although her Lincoln Memorial concert educated Americans to the problem of racial discrimination, it didn't seem to help her personally. It was not until 1955 that she was invited to perform at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York. However, President Dwight Eisenhower made her an honorary delegate to the UN in 1958 and President John Kennedy presented her with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963. She died in 1993 at the age of 96. (Before she died, Ms. Anderson left her entire library to the University of Pennsylvania. If you have never heard her stunning voice, please log on the University of Pennsylvania website (http://www.library.upenn.edu/exhibits/rbm/anderson/) that is dedicated to preserving her legacy and listen to her incredibly clear a beautiful voice.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/MarianAndersonLincolnMemorial.png/300px-MarianAndersonLincolnMemorial.png
Marian Anderson performing at the
Lincoln Memorial in 1939.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Marian_Anderson.jpg/300px-Marian_Anderson.jpg
Marian Anderson ca. 1940
Photo by Carl Van Vechten.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 27 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1866, philanthropist and diplomat Henry Bergh founded the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. In 1863, President Lincoln appointed Bergh to the diplomatic corps to Czar Alexander II. In Russia, Bergh was horrified to see horses beaten by drivers. On his return home, he stopped in London to visit the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals which inspired him to create a chapter in Amereica. In 1866 in New York, he pleaded the case of the "mute servants of mankind" and said that protecting animals was an issue that crossed party lines. The New York legislature granted the charter of the ASPCA and nine days later, passed the first anti-cruelty law in the US. When he died in 1888, 37 of the 38 states had passed anti-cruelty laws. The ASPCA also inspired others to create similar organizations to protect children. In 1874, 9 year old Mary Ellen Wilson was found where she had been tied to a bed and brutally beaten by her step parents. Bergh, with Elbridge T. Gerry (http://www.picturehistory.com/product/id/15705) (an outspoken critic of P.T. Barnum) and John D. Wright (http://www.picturehistory.com/product/id/21826), founded the New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, with Bergh serving as one of the first officers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/HenryBerghCrypt.JPG/180px-HenryBerghCrypt.JPG
Henry Bergh's crypt in Brooklyn includes a bas-relief
statue that honors his work.

...in 1942, the Bataan Death March began. On December 8, 1941, the Japanese began their invasion of the Philippines and within a month, the capitol of Manila fell. The Filipino and American defenders of the islands were forced to retreat to the Bataan Peninsula. They managed to keep the Japanese at bay for three months, but on April 7, the 75,000 troops were surrounded and forced to surrender. They force-march went to a prison at Camp O'Donnell, a distance of 85 miles. The prisoners were forced to make the march in 6 days with only one meager meal of rice and very little water. Weak prisoners who fell out of line were beaten or shot by Japanese guards, a rather merciful fate compared to the many beheadings, cut throats, bayonet stabbings, rapes, disembowelments, numerous rifle butt beatings and a deliberate refusal to allow the prisoners food or water while keeping them continually marching. Of the ones who survived the march, few survived the camp which was liberated by General Douglas MacArthur in 1945. Every April 9, Filipinos pay solemn homage to the victims of the death march on Bataan Day.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/March_of_Death_from_Bataan_to_the_prison_camp_-_Dead_soldiers.jpg/180px-March_of_Death_from_Bataan_to_the_prison_camp_-_Dead_soldiers.jpg
Dead soldiers on the march.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Death_March_Memorial.jpg/180px-Death_March_Memorial.jpg
The Battling Bastards of Bataan Memorial
located at Camp O'Donnell, where the Bataan
Death March concluded and the survivors were
imprisoned.

...in 1944, "Hank The Deuce" was promoted to executive vice president of Ford Motor Company. Henry Ford II had been released from the US Navy to return to Ford Motor Company to take control after the death of his father, Edsel Bryant Ford. Henry II hated his grandfather for the years of (Old) Henry's mistreatment of Edsel, the only child of Henry and Clara Ford. Old Henry had two lieutenants, Harry Bennett and Charles "Cast Iron Charlie" Sorenson, who appeared (to the outside world) to be the heirs apparent to the throne. Harry Bennett was a thug who ran Ford's secret police, known as "The Service Department." Bennett planned on becoming president of Ford Motor Company upon Henry's death. Sorenson didn't appear to have such ambitions and left the company after 40 years. (Sorenson received a great deal of media attention for the success of the Willow Run bomber plant (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index274.html#post634508) to the disapproval of Old Henry.) After the death of Edsel, Old Henry was probably too elderly and frail to run the company but still retook the presidency of the empire that bore his name. Harry Bennett was not the man the government wanted to deal with. Because Ford Motor Company was a major materiel supplier, the War Department insisted on Henry II taking control of the company and released the younger Ford from the navy. Henry II had little power as vice president, and Bennett was pretty much running the show. In a classic power struggle that included Clara Ford threatening to sell her company stock, Henry II was promoted to president. His first order of business was to fire Harry Bennett and escort him from the premises. After the war, "HF2" hired a package of 10 management experts from the army that were first called "The Quiz Kids" for questioning everything. After they helped turn the company around, they became known as "The Whiz Kids" and most went on to bigger things. One of the Whiz Kids, Robert McNamara, would leave Ford Motor to become the Secretary of Defense in the Kennedy Administration.

http://www.fernhouse.com/pics/earlycars03.jpg
The Fords, Henry, Clara and Henry II with
Henry's first car, the 1896 Quadracycle.

...in 1933, President Roosevelt established another agency in his alphabet soup of agenices to make work and fight the Great Depression. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was established to give employment to unmarried young men between the ages of 18-26. Recruits had to be physically fit, healthy and ready to perform tough physical labor. Critics referred to the CCC as "Roosevelt's tree army" because part of the CCC charter was planting trees in the cutover areas left behind by logging of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In fact, when building his case, FDR said "the forests are the 'lungs' of our land [which] purify our air and give fresh strength to our people." (He was referring to the fact that trees turn carbon dioxide into oxygen, a fact that seems to have slipped past our modern politicians.) CCC enlistments lasted for six months and many reenlisted at the end of the period. Members were paid $30 per month, $25 of that was sent home. They lived in camps, complete with military style barracks. The CCC planted millions of trees, always in straight, uniform lines which can still be seen all over the northern states. They also built parks, wildlife refuges, camp facilities, bridges, fish hatcheries, reservoirs and other public facilities. Between 1933 and its end in 1942, the CCC employed over 3 million men.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/CCC_constructing_road.gif
CCC workers building a road, ca. 1933.

http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site234/2008/0413/20080413_124745_ccc-theater_200.jpg
CCC workers built the Sidney B. Cushing
Memorial Amphitheater, on Mt. Tamalpais, which
adjoins Muir Woods. Many of the facilities in Muir
Woods were also CCC projects.

http://www.boernerbotanicalgardens.org/support/v6b.jpg
CCC workers lived in army-style barracks. This was a CCC
camp at 606 acre farm in Hales Corners, Wisconsin. When the CCC
was done converting the land, it became Whitnall Park and the
Boerner Botanical Gardens.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

For some reason, this did not properly post yesterday and I didn't notice it until a little while ago. So, here's yesterday's update for posterity.

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 32 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1970, the third lunar landing mission departed Cape Canaveral, destined for the Fra Mauro highlands on the moon. The crew of Apollo 13 consisted of John L. Swigert, Fred W. "Freddo" Haise and was commanded by James A. Lovell. About 200,000 miles from home at 9:08 PM EST on April 13, the crew performed a routine maintenance task, a "stir" of the oxygen tanks. The tank exploded, expelling most of the flight's oxygen supply, prompting Lovell to radio back to earth, "Houston, we've had a problem here." The mission immediately changed from landing on the moon to just getting the flight home safely. With the mission on its way to the moon and no way to recall it, Mission Control decided the best option would be to let the mission continue to the moon. Like the first lunar missions, the flight would orbit the moon one time and use the moon's gravity to slingshot the the flight back toward the earth. With the oxygen badly depleted, Mission Control directed the crew to use the Lunar Landing Module, or LM which was pronounced as "Lem," as a lifeboat. The LM was designed to carry two astronauts to the moon's surface, support them for 45 hours and return to the command module. The LM would have to support three men for more than 90 hours and navigate the flight around the moon and back home. The LM had no navigation tools or computer, so all course corrections had to be worked out by hand and by dead reconing. Once the flight rounded the moon, a five minute burn of the LM's landing rocket was required to propel the flight home. Just before 1 PM on April 17, the Apollo 13's capsule re-entered the earth's atmosphere and a few minutes later, splashed down in the Pacific Ocean. A 1974 made-for-TV movie Houston, We've Got a Problem revolved around the flight but was not really about the flight itself. Jim Lovell wrote a book about the ordeal entitled Lost Moon that became the basis of the 1995 Ron Howard film, Apollo 13. (Both films, like the rest of the world, misquoted Jim Lovell's report of "Houston, we've had a problem here.")

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Apollo13_-_SM_after_separation.jpg/180px-Apollo13_-_SM_after_separation.jpg
The Apollo 13 Service Module, showing the damage caused
by the explosion. The module later burned up on re-entry and the
remains sunk into the Tonga Trench.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Apollo_13_crew_postmission_onboard_USS_Iwo_Jima.jp g/250px-Apollo_13_crew_postmission_onboard_USS_Iwo_Jima.jp g
The crew ofApollo 13 safely about the USS Iwo Jima.

...in 1870, Lord Muncaster or Britain was kidnapped by Greek pirates while he was visiting Marathon, Greece. The pirates had been using kidnapping as a method of income for some time and demaned £50,000 for the release of their captives. A confrontation between the Greek army and the pirates resulted in the deaths of almost everyone, including Lord Muncaster, the only escapee was the pirate captain. England threatened war over the incident, but Russian intervention kept the peace. The Greeks cracked down on piracy and while kidnappings dropped off, international tension still ran high. The pirate captain was shot and killed two years later. (On April 8, 2009, Somalian pirates took an American-flagged freighter, the Maersk Alabama. The crew retook the ship, but the pirates escaped in a lifeboat and took the captain of the ship as a hostage. Navy SEALS killed the pirates in the lifeboat and saved the captain. It was the first American ship to be taken by pirates since the Tripolitan Wars of the early 19th Century.)

...in 1945, the Buchenwald concentration camp near Weimar, Germany, was liberated by the American Third Army. Buchenwald was determined to be second only to Auschwitz in terms of horror and mistreatment of human beings. Many of the prisoners were slave labor at local munitions plants, they were political or religious prisoners, communists, Russians, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, POWs and there were doctors, writers, artists and several members of royal families, As the American army moved closer, the Gestapo phoned the offices of Buchenwald, telling them to blow up everything at the camp, facilities, prisoners, all of it, to prevent any incriminating evidence to fall into the hands of the Americans. The officers of the camp had long since abandoned the camp and a prisoner answered the phone. He told the Gestapo that everything had already been blown up. Buchenwald did not have any facilities of death, as Auschwitz did, there were no gas chambers or crematoriums. However, thousands of inmates died over the years, from disease, malnutrition, beatings and executions. In addition, Buchenwald was the site of numerous "medical experiments" where inmates were injected with various infections and vaccines. Ilse Koch was the wife of the camp's commandant and she had a particularly gruesome disposition. Koch carried a riding crop with which to beat prisoners and forced prisoners to rape one another for her entertainment. It is rumored that she also had a collection of lampshades, book covers and gloves made from the tanned skins of prisoners but that has not been verified.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ilse_Koch.jpg/135px-Ilse_Koch.jpg
Ilse Koch, "The Witch of Buchewald" but also
known by a similar name that rhymes.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Buchenwald_Slave_Laborers_Liberation.jpg/180px-Buchenwald_Slave_Laborers_Liberation.jpg
Prisoners in Buchenwald, April 1945

...in 1888, on her 22nd birthday, Clara Bryant married Henry Ford in Greenfield, Michigan. Henry always called her "The Great Believer" because she supported him in all his endeavors, public and private. At the time of their marriage, Henry lived on an 80 acre farm that belonged to his father, but farming was not for him. He had worked for George Westinghouse as a repairman where he first encountered a self-propelled vehicle, a giant steam tractor. After his marriage, he took a job with the Edison Illuminating Company in Detroit and began his rise through the engineering world. Clara kept house and put up with his experiments, even helping him run his first internal combustion engine on her kitchen sink. She gave birth to their only child, Edsel Bryant Ford, on November 6, 1893. (He was named after Henry's boyhood friend, Edsel Ruddiman.) Clara did stand up to him when she saw the necessity, including during WWII after the death of Edsel. Henry wanted to make Harry Bennett the president of Ford Motor Company. Clara put her foot down, said no, and threatened to sell her stock in Ford Motor Co. if Bennett became president. Ford capitulated and his grandson, Henry Ford II was made president. In 1914, Henry bought 2,000 acres on the River Rouge in Dearborn and built a mansion, called Fair Lane, where the couple lived the rest of their lives. Henry passed away at Fair Lane in 1947, ironically, during a flood of the River Rouge that shut down the power plant. Henry left the world the way he entered it, in a room lit by candles and lamps. Clara survived him for three years, passing away in 1950.

http://www.hfmgv.org/exhibits/hf/clara.jpg
Clara and Edsel Ford, 1894 (Photo P.O.801 from
the collection of The Henry Ford.)

http://www.henryfordestate.org/filesfairlanestory/airbig.jpg
Fair Lane on the River Rouge, now the Dearborn
Campus of the University of Michigan.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 31 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1945, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt passed from a cerebral hemorrhage at his home in Warm Springs, Georgia. He was the only man to be elected to the presidency four times and was the inspiration for the 22nd amendment that prevents a president from serving more than two terms. FDR had been elected to replace Herbert Hoover, on whom the great depression was blamed. Hoover just had the bad luck of being in office when the market crashed in 1929 but popular perception was that the depression was his fault. FDR promised to end the Great Depression, a promise he was unable to keep in two terms, but he was elected to a third term, anyway. He is remembered by fans and foes alike for his alphabet soup of agencies that were supposed to bring prosperity. His campaign for a third term promised American neutrality in the world war. When Great Britain was on the ropes against Germany, FDR convinced Congress to pass the Lend-Lease Act, providing much needed aid. The United States entered the war, anyway, after Japanese forces attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. FDR did prove to be a formidable war leader. FDR's demand for unconditional surrender of the Axis Powers remains controversial, critics say it prolonged the war although other historians believe it was the only way to successfully crush the Nazi movement, and that Japan would have fought to the end regardless of any other terms of surrender.

On the 22nd Amendment, George Washington served only two terms and until Roosevelt, the two-term limit was observed as an unwritten convention. Thomas Jefferson wrote, "If some termination to the services of the chief Magistrate be not fixed by the Constitution, or supplied by practice, his office, nominally four years, will in fact become for life." Ulysses S. Grant ran for a third term but barely lost his party's nomination. Critics of the amendment say it makes a second term president a lame duck, first noted by President Dwight Eisenhower. However, proponents say it does prevent a president from abusing power and becoming president for life.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/FDR_memorial.jpg/250px-FDR_memorial.jpg
The FDR Memorial depicts the president with his
loyal companion, a Scottish Terrier named Fala.

...in 1961, the first man reached space, but it wasn't an American, it was Soviet Cosmonaut Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin who also orbited the earth during this, the first manned space flight. The successful flight was a punch in the eye for the United States, a manned Mercury flight was planned for May but an orbital flight eldued NASA until February 1962. The Soviet propoganda machine made hay with the space race, claiming socialist supremacy over capitalism. The secret behind the Soviet success was actually one man, Sergei Pavlovich Korolev. He was unknown to the western world until his death in 1966. Korolev was part of the team that launched the first Soviet liquid fueled rocket in 1933. In Stalin's purge of 1938, Korolev's sponsor was lost and Korolov fell under suspicion. He was convicted of sabotage and sentenced to 10 years. The Russians became concerned about German advances in rocketry and built a lab in the gulag, ordering Korolov to continue his research. After the war, he was sent to Germany to learn about the V-2 rocket. By the time he got there, the Americans had captured Wernher von Braun and most of his staff, along with most of the components. Korolov did find a fair amount of V-2 technology and by 1954, Korolov had built an ICBM capable of delivering a five-ton warhead to the United States. Korolov was still technically a prisoner, but his numerous space firsts allowed him to be officially listed as "rehabilitated." Korolov had many firsts - first animal in orbit, first man in space, first man in orbit, first woman in space, first space walk, first impact on the moon, first pictures of the dark side of the moon, first soft landing on the moon, all these while being referred to only as "The Chief Designer." After his unexpected death, he was buried in the Kremlin wall, a hero of the Soviet Union. Yuri Gagarin continued his work but was killed in a jet-aircraft test flight in 1968. He is also buried in the Kremlin wall.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/Korolev_Kurchatov_Keldysh.jpg/300px-Korolev_Kurchatov_Keldysh.jpg
Chief Designer Sergei Korolev (left) with
Mstisla Keldysh and Igro Kurchatov in 1956.
The three men put the Soviet Union into space,
ahead of the United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Gagarin_space_suite.jpg/140px-Gagarin_space_suite.jpg
Yuri Gagarin, the first man into space.

...in 1922, Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle was found not guilty for the death of starlet Virginia Rapp. She had died at a rather wild party in San Francisco and Arbuckle, one of the most successful comics and directors of the time, was implicated in her death. He was tried and convicted in the press, and even though he was acquitted on this date, his reputation was ruined. He did try directing under an assumed name in the 1920s but the magic was gone.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f4/Arbuckle.jpg/180px-Arbuckle.jpg
Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle (1887-1933)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/KeystoneKops.jpg
The Keystone Cops were extremely popular. On the far right is Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle.

...in 1861, Confederate General P.G.T. Beauregard opened fire on Fort Sumter, a Union-held on Charleston Bay in South Carolina. After 34 hours, Union Major Robert Anderson surrendered the fort and the Civil War had begun. Two days later, President Abraham Lincoln called for 75,000 troops to quell the southern insurrection. When it was over four years later, 620,000 lives had been lost.

...in 1633, Father Vincenzo Maculano da Firenzuola, appointed by Pope Urban VIII, began the inquisition of physicist and astronomer Galileo Galilei with the intent of finding him guilty of heresy. Galileo held the belief of the Copernican view of the universe, that is, the earth orbited the sun. The Catholic Church held the "geocentric" view that the earth is the center of the universe and the sun revolves around the earth. In 1616, Galileo had been in trouble with the Church over the same topic and was forbidden from teaching his beliefs. He denied holding the belief but continued to write about it as a "discussion." In 1633, his argument didn't work. On June 22, 1633, he was convicted and sentenced to house arrest. Over 300 years later, the Catholic Church finally admitted it was wrong and cleared Galileo of heresy.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Galileo_facing_the_Roman_Inquisition.jpg
The painting Galileo facing the Roman Inquisition by Cristiano Banti, 1857.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 30 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1970, as we reported two days ago, Apollo 13 was on its way to the moon when, on this date, an explosion in an oxygen tank that was part of the Service Module exploded. Commander Jim Lovell called mission control to report, "Houston, we've had a problem here." The ordeal inspired Jim Lovell to write a book about it entitled Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo 13 that was the basis of the Ron Howard film Apollo 13.

http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41H5P9JVY7L._SL500_AA240_.jpg
The book has since been
renamedApollo 13.

http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/5132G2R8X2L._BO2,204,203,200_PIsitb-sticker-arrow-click,TopRight,35,-76_AA240_SH20_OU01_.jpg
Gene Kranz, the leader of the Tiger
Team that saved the Apollo 13 mission,
wrote his memoirs of his life in
NASA Mission Control.

...in 1861, Fort Sumpter surrendered, completing the first battle of the Civil War and ending in a Confederate victory. Fort Sumpter was actually incomplete, and when South Carolina seceded in December 1860, the fort was suddenly in peril. President Lincoln sent word in April that he was sending supplies to the fort. The Confederates took action and opened fire. Inside the fort was Major Robert Anderson along with 9 officers, 68 enlisted men, 8 musicians and 43 construction workers. One of the officers was Captain Abner Doubleday, the legendary (if not actual) inventor of baseball. Even though the Confederates launched 4,000 rounds into the fort, the only casaulty of the battle was a Confederate horse. After surrendering, Major Anderson and his force were allowed to return north. The Confederates gave them a 100 gun salute - but one Confederate soldier was killed and another mortally wounded when a shell exploded prematurely. The Civil War had officially begun.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Bombardment_of_Fort_Sumter%2C_1861.png/300px-Bombardment_of_Fort_Sumter%2C_1861.png
Bombardment of Fort Sumter(1861) by George Edward Perine (1837-1885).

...in 1866, in Beaver, Utah Territory, Robert Leroy Parker was born. He was the son of Mormons who had moved to Utah with Bringham Young. He was the first of 13 children. When he was 13, he met a local ruffian named Mike Cassidy, who taught Parker how to shoot and outfitted him with a gun and a saddle. He was forced to leave the community under a cloud of suspicion for rustling. He kicked around the west for a few years, using the name Roy Parker, but in June of 1889, he robbed a bank in Teluride, Colorado. He started to call him self George Cassidy, probably for his mentor. Laying low, he worked as a butcher in Rock Springs, Wyoming, earning the nickname that would make him famous, Butch. In 1894, he was arrested as a horse thief and did two years in the Wyoming Territorial Prison. When he got out, he formed a gang called The Wild Bunch, later they were also known as the Train Robbers Syndicate for the systematic method of robbing trains. Butch Cassidy had a well known gang, the most notorious was Harry Longbaugh, better known as The Sundance Kid. As the 19th Century was winding down, the wild west was getting tamed, open lands were being fenced and a more efficient law enforcement network was coming into play. In 1901, Butch Cassidy, Etta Place and The Sundance Kid fled the United States for South America, living a legal life as ranchers in Argentina. When they learned that law enforcement had tracked them down, they headed for Bolivia and Place returned to the United States. Reportedly, Bolivian soldiers shot and killed them, but that has never been verified. Family members claim that Butch and Sundance returned to the United States, living well into retirement in annonymity in Nebraska. There is some circumstancial evidence that The Sundance Kid died in 1937, Butch sometime later.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Butchcassidy.jpg/250px-Butchcassidy.jpg
Robert LeRoy Parker,
aka Butch Cassidy

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/26/Sundance_Kid_and_wife-clean.jpg/220px-Sundance_Kid_and_wife-clean.jpg
Henry Longabaugh and Etta
Place, just before departing for
South America.

...in 1997, Tiger Woods won the Masters, the most prestigious of the major golf tournaments. Woods was the first person of color to ever win the Masters. The tournament is always held at the Augusta National Golf Club, which admitted its first black member in 1990. Eldrick Woods was born in 1975, a golf prodigy who was swinging clubs at 2 and won three US Junior Amateurs and three US Amateur tournaments before playing golf for Stanford. He turned pro in August 1996, playing in his first PGA tournament at the Brown Deer Park golf course in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Woods also won the Masters in 2001, 2002 and 2005. In 2006, Tiger Woods was the highest paid athlete in all professional sports. In 2009, well, let's not rehash all that, okay?

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tiger_Woods_US.jpg/180px-Tiger_Woods_US.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Tiger_Woods_2007.jpg/200px-Tiger_Woods_2007.jpg
Eldrick "Tiger" Woods

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 40 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1865, Abraham Lincoln attended a performance of Our American Cousin at Ford's Theater when an actor from the play shot and killed the President. The assassination came just two days after Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered his forces at Appomattox Court House, effectively ending the Civil War. John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate sympathizer and the source of the phrase, "bad actor," heard that the president would be at the performance, and he launched a plot that would murder Lincoln, Vice President Andrew Johnson and Secretary of State William H. Seward at the same time. By eliminating the President and the top two in line for ascension to the presidency, Booth hoped to throw the US government into total disarray. At the same time Booth was acting out his leg of the plan, Lewis T. Powell burst into Seward's home where he wounded Seward and three others. George A. Atzerod was assigned to murder Vice President Johnson but he chickened out and fled. Booth entered the President's box, shot him in the back of the head, and slashed an army officer who rushed him. Booth jumped to the stage while shouting "Sic semper tyrannis! [Thus always to tyrants] The South is avenged!" He broke his leg during the jump but he still managed to flee Washington. Meanwhile, the mortally wounded president was taken to a rooming house across the street where he died at 7:22 AM the next morning. Booth fled across country with the army and secret service in hot pursuit. Booth's leg was treated by Dr. Samuel Mudd, then was later cornered in a barn and alledgedy died of a self inflicted gunshot wound as the barn burned. Eight other conspirators were charged and tried, four (including Dr. Mudd) were jailed and four were hanged.

(There is some compelling evidence that Booth was a member of the Knights of the Golden Circle (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index274.html#post636549) and that he actually ecaped and lived out his life in the south in annonymity, using the pseudonym John St. Helen. John St. Helen died in Enid, Oklahoma in 1903. Dr. Mudd did not give rise to the phrase "Your name will be Mudd" (it was in use at least 10 years before he was born) but certainly increased its usage. Dr. Mudd's descendants continue to claim his innocence and plead for a presidential pardon.

Lincoln, meanwhile, continued to be a hero and martyr for decades. He is the namesake of countless cities, streets, bridges, memorials, a brand of automobile and of the first paved coast-to-coast highway in America. For many decades, all clocks for sale in the United States, if not running, were displayed at the time of 7:22.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.j pg/225px-Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.j pg
Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the United States

http://www.lincolnhighwayassoc.org/info/wy/thumbnails/lincoln_monument.jpg
The Lincoln Monument near Laramie, Wyoming.
The monument is in a rest area on I-80, relocated from
a point 200 feet higher than the rest area, on the original
route of the Lincoln Highway (http://www.lincolnhighwayassoc.org/info/wy/). Photo by Christopher Plummer.
(The rest area is the highest point on I-80.)

...in 1986, the United States launched air strikes against Muammar al-Qaddafi's Libya in retaliation for Libyan sponsorship of terrorism against American citizens and troops. More than 100 Air Force and Navy aircraft leveled five military targets and terrorism centers. In the 70s and 80s, the Libyan government had sponsored anti-U.S. and anti-British terrorist groups including Palestinian guerrillas, Filipino Muslims, even the Irish Republican Army and the Black Panthers. The US imposed sanctions against Libya in response, and in 1981, Libya fired at US aircraft in the Gulf of Sidra. Later that year, planned attacks against America were uncovered and stopped, including bombings and assassinations of American officials and diplomats. In December, 1985, five Americans were killed in attacks in Rome and Vienna. On March 24, 1986, Libyan and American forces skirmished again in the Gulf of Sidra, sending four Libyan attack boats to the bottom. On April 5, terrorists at the direction of Qadaffi bombed a West Berlin discoteque, known to be frequented by American servicemen, one American man and a Turkish woman died, more than 200 were injured. On this date, the Americans struck with an awesome stroke in Tripoli and Banghazi. Before the attack was completed, President Ronald Reagan went on television to announce the operation. "When our citizens are abused or attacked anywhere in the world," he said, "we will respond in self-defense. Today we have done what we had to do. If necessary, we shall do it again."

Not a peep was heard out of Libya or Qadaffi, until two Libyan nationals brought down a Pan Am 747 over Lockerbie, Scotland in 1988. The suspects were known and charged but Libya refused to extradite them for trial. FInally, in 1999, to ease tensions, Qadaffi turned them over. In addition, he was one of the first Muslim leaders to condemn al-Qaida after 9/11. British Prime Minister Tony Blair visited Libya in 2004 and praised Libya for being a strong ally in the International War on Terror. Oops. The Overseas Contingency Operation. :rolleyes:

...in 1956, the first video tape recorder, the Ampex VR-1000, capable of recording both images and sound, was demonstrated by the inventors, Ray Dolby, Fred Pfost, Shelby Henderson, Alex Maxy, Charles Ginsberg and Charles Anderson. CBS made the first purchase of three systems at $75,000.00 each. (What did you pay for your last video camera?)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ampex_VR_1000-B.JPG/800px-Ampex_VR_1000-B.JPG
The first VR-1000 was installed at a television station in
Dallas, Texas.

...in 1894, speaking of moving images, Thomas Edison's Kinetoscope was first seen at an arcade in New York City. Edison's Kinetoscope used celluloid film, a development of George Eastman in 1889 although it was based on concepts set forth by Joseph Niepce and Louis Daguerre of France. Edison built a studio in 1893 to make movies, the first featured three Edison workers acting as blacksmiths. The Kinetoscope could only be viewed by one person at a time, inspiring Louis and August Lumiere to invent the Cinematographe, a camera and projector system not unlike the system still used today.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Kinetophonebis1.jpg/275px-Kinetophonebis1.jpg
This Kinetoscope included sound from an
Edison cylinder inside the unit.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/ButterflyDancebis.jpg
This 35mm filmstrip entitled
Butterfly Dance with Annabelle Whitford Moore
became the film standard for the motion
picture industry.

...in 1912, just a few minutes before midnight, the RMS Titanic struck an iceberg in the North Atlantic Ocean. The hull was ruptured and she began to sink. The Titanic had departed Southampton, England on its maiden voyage, bound for New York, just four days earlier. She was designed by William Pirrie, 883 feet long and with 16 water-tight compartments, the Titanic was thought to be unsinkable. The Titanic had two sister ships, the RMS Olympic and RMS Britanic. The RMS Britanic was converted to a WWI hospital ship and sank in 1916 after hitting a mine. The RMS Olympic served until 1935 and earned the name "Old Reliable." The RMS Olympic was scrapped in 1936.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/RMS_Titanic_3.jpg
The RMS Titanic departs Southampton, England on her ill-fated maiden voyage to New York, April 10, 1912.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Happy (or not so happy) tax due day! There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 53 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1865, at 7:22 AM, President Abraham Lincoln passed away from a gunshot wound inflicted by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theater the previous evening. See yesterday's update thread for more of the story.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/The_Assassination_of_President_Lincoln_-_Currier_and_Ives_2.png/280px-The_Assassination_of_President_Lincoln_-_Currier_and_Ives_2.png
A sketch by Currier & Ives Assassination of Abraham Lincoln.
From left to right: Major Henry Rathbone, Clara Harris, Mary Todd Lincoln,
Abraham Lincoln, and John Wilkes Booth.

...in 1927, Douglas Fairbanks and America's Sweetheart, Mary Pickford became the first celebrities to be preserved in concrete at Grauman's Chinese Theater. The landmark was still under construction at the time. Sid Grauman was one of the partners and accidentally stepped in wet cement. He immediately called over to Mary Pickford, another partner in the theater, to come and step in the concrete and leave her footprints and hand prints. She, in turn, called over her husband, Douglas Fairbanks, to do the same and a tradition was started that continues to this day.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Grauman%27s_Chinese_Theatre%2C_by_Carol_Highsmith_ fixed_%26_straightened.jpg/275px-Grauman%27s_Chinese_Theatre%2C_by_Carol_Highsmith_ fixed_%26_straightened.jpg
Grauman's Chinese Theater

...in 1912, the RMS Titanic sank into the North Atlantic Ocean after hitting an iceberg just before midnight on the 14th. There were not enough lifeboats to accommodate everyone on board. Of the 2,223 passengers and crew on board the ship, only 706 survived. More Americans survived than English, it is theorized that the British were too polite to push themselves aboard a lifeboat. After the sinking, maritime laws changed regarding lifeboat quantities and capacities. The RMS Titanic was located in 1985 and has been visited numerous times. Over 5,000 artifacts have been removed from the remains of the vessel and great controversy still swirls around the propriety of removing any item from the ship.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Reuterdahl_-_Sinking_of_the_Titanic.jpg/756px-Reuterdahl_-_Sinking_of_the_Titanic.jpg
A drawing by Henry Reuterdahl of the disaster, as described by radio reports.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Titanic-bow_seen_from_MIR_I_submersible.jpeg/180px-Titanic-bow_seen_from_MIR_I_submersible.jpeg
The bow of the RMS Titanic on the ocean floor.

...in 1912, Aboard the Titanic was a Denver socialite, philanthropist and activist named Margaret Tobin Brown. Margaret Tobin was born into poverty in Hannibal, Missouri in 1867. As a teenager, she went to Leadville, Colorado to join her brother who was working in a silver mine. She met James J. Brown, the manager of the mine and married him in 1886. Brown stumbled into a huge gold deposit and the couple became incredibly wealthy overnight. They moved to Denver, bought a huge mansion and they tried to ingratiate themselves with the Denver society. The Denver bluebloods did not care much for Maggie, apparently too much for them to handle. She must have been too much for Brown, too, for the couple separated. "Molly" went east, still bolstered by her great wealth and became the darling of eastern society. The Vanderbilts and Astors loved her frankness and refreshing stories of the wild west. In 1912, she was catapulted to the international stage when she was tossed into a lifeboat after the Titanic struck an iceberg. She maintained the morale of the survivors in the lifeboat by telling stories of the west. The press dubbed her "The Unsinkable Mrs. Brown." Eventually, her money ran out and she died in New York of a brain tumor in 1932. The 1960 musical The Unsinkable Molly Brown reintroduced her and immortalized the unique character that was Molly Brown.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Molly_brown_rescue_award_titanic.jpg/225px-Molly_brown_rescue_award_titanic.jpg
Margaret Brown presents an award to
Arthur Henry Rostron for his service in the
rescue of Titanic's surviving passengers.

...in 1924, the first Rand-McNally road atlas was released. They had been printing road maps since 1904 but this was the first time a comprehensive atlas had been printed specifically for automobiles. William Rnad opened a print shop in Chicago in 1856 and an Irish immigrant, Andrew McNally went to work in the shop. They did a great deal of business with the Chicago Tribune and in 1868, the two incorporated and bought out the entire Tribune printing operation. Legend has it that during the Chicago Fire of 1871, Rand McNally buried two presses in the sand of the Lake Michigan beach and were back up and running right after the fire. The company printed rail schedules and began including a map in the late 19th century. So well known and ubiquitous in the map industry, they have been the target of jokes from the Simpsons to Bing Crosby who boasted that he knew a fishing spot so secret that Rand never told McNally where it was. The company is still located in Skokie, Illinois and remains the largest producer of maps. (It is said that Rand McNally influenced the development of today's familiar system of numbered highways but it might be that numbered highways drove Rand McNally. The first numbered highways in the world were put into place in May 1918 in the state of Wisconsin.) You can plan out your road trip on the Rand McNally website (http://www.randmcnally.com/rmc/directions/dirGetMapInput.jsp).

http://usm.maine.edu/maps/exhibit9/images/97.jpg

...in 1947, Jackie Robinson became the first African-American to play Major League baseball. Jackie Robinson had been an outstanding football and baseball player in college and played for the Kansas City Monarchs, the most successful of the old Negro League teams. Branch Rickey of the Brooklyn Dodgers had been scouting Robinson and in August of 1945, Rickey asked Robinson if he could face the racial tensions without taking the bait and reacting angrily. Robinson was aghast: "Are you looking for a Negro who is afraid to fight back?" Rickey replied that he needed a Negro player "with guts enough not to fight back." Robinson played with the AAA affiliate of the Dodgers, the Montreal Royals, in 1946. The season was successful for the second baseman, although fatiguing for the racial animosity he faced everywhere he went. He was called up to the Dodgers for the 1947 season and broke the color barrier before 26,623 fans at Ebbets Field, of which at least 14,000 were black. There was a great deal of racism, the media questioned whether or not Robinson should be allowed to play and even his teammates mumbled about him being on the team. Manager Leo Durocher told the team, "I do not care if the guy is yellow or black, or if he has stripes like a [expletive] zebra. I'm the manager of this team, and I say he plays. What's more, I say he can make us all rich. And if any of you cannot use the money, I will see that you are all traded." Despite the turmoil he faced all season, Robinson had a stellar season and was the 1948 Rookie of the Year.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Jrobinson.jpg/200px-Jrobinson.jpg
Jackie Robinson

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 43 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1935, one of the most beloved and longest-running radio comedies of all time premiered. Fibber McGee & Molly grew out of a previous radio show called Smackout but it was McGee that everyone remembers. Fibber McGee was an incessant windbag known for his tall tales. His long-suffering spouse, Molly, usually saved the day and bailed McGee out of whatever trouble he was in. McGee was played by Jim Jordan and Molly by Marian Jordan, Jim's wife in real life. The successful formula was ground breaking at the time and has been reproduced by most successful comedies ever since. Recurring gags, repeating characters and familiar catchphrases made the show a success. Most famous were Molly's response to any of Fibber's bad jokes with the line, "T'aint funny, McGee!" and the most enduring gag of all time was McGee's hall closet that, when opened, followed with an avalanche of sound effect items, the last one always being a crystal clear bell. McGee's next line was always, "I gotta get that closet cleaned out one of these days." To this day, "McGee's closet" is in the vernacular to describe clutter. Two shows spun off from Fibber McGee & Molly, their maid, Beulah made it to both radio and television but the best known spin-off was that of their neighbor, Throckmorton P. Gildersleeve who became The Great Gildersleeve. You can hear episodes of Fibber McGee & Molly on the Old Time Radio (http://www.otr.net/?p=fibb) website.

...in 1908, Edward Murphy, the owner and designer of the Pontiac Buggy Company, produced his first automobile that was sold to a private owner. Murphy called his automobile the Oakland. Murphy had also asked for Alanson Brush, the designer of the Brush Runabout, to join him in the automobile venture. Oakland operated for about a year when Murphy unexpectedly died. Oakland was aquired by Billy Durant to be another marque for General Motors and Alanson Brush left to start the Brush Motor Company. The acquisition by Durant was questioned by many, as Oakland was not a particularly attractive or successful venture. The purchase of Oakland might have been the start of Durant being forced out of GM, the company he had founded. (He would later regain control of GM.) Years later, GM would start a "companion car" for each line of cars. Cadiallac had LaSalle, Buick had Marquette, Oldsmobile had Viking and Oakland had Pontiac. When the companion car program was discontinued in 1931, LaSalle, Marquette and Viking went away. Pontiac stayed and Oakland went away.

...in 1943, a Swiss chemist working for the Sandoz pharmaceutical research lab in Basel, Switzerland, accidentally comsumed a dose of LSD-25. Albert Hoffman had created the drug in 1938 while researching lysergic acid compounds for potential use in medicine. Dr. Hoffman was disturbed by hallucinations, of which he took notes. If that wasn't enough, he took it again to confirm that LSD was what had caused his hallucinations. He published a report of his discovery, forever placing LSD into the world. It did not receive any widespread use until the 1960s when counter-culture figures like Timothy Leary and Albert M. Hubbard began promoting the benefits of using LSD as a recreational drug. The manufacture, sale, possession and use of LSD has been illegal in the United States since 1965.

...in 1926, the first Book-of-the-Month Club selection was shipped to the 5,000 members who had joined the club. The first book was Lolly Willows, or, The Loving Huntsman by Sylvia Townsend Warner. No, I never heard of her, either, but she even has her own website (http://www.townsendwarner.com/).

http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51XY5R888BL._BO2,204,203,200_PIsitb-sticker-arrow-click,TopRight,35,-76_AA240_SH20_OU01_.jpg

...in 1947, Bernard Baruch, a multimillionaire and finacier, gave a speech in the South Carolina House of Representatives where he coined the term "Cold War." The speech was given during the unveiling of his portrait. Baruch had been advising Democrat presidents since Woodrow Wilson on economics and foreign policy. He was part of the advisory team at the Paris Peace Conference that ended World War I, he continued to advise FDR and Harry Truman after that. Most expected him to make a few remarks at the unveiling but he went into an attack on industrial labor. He called for longer work weeks, no strikes and for management to promise no layoffs. In what could be termed a very prophetic speech, he said, "Let us not be deceived-we are today in the midst of a cold war. Our enemies are to be found abroad and at home. Let us never forget this: Our unrest is the heart of their success. The peace of the world is the hope and the goal of our political system; it is the despair and defeat of those who stand against us. We can depend only on ourselves."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Bernardbaruch.jpg/180px-Bernardbaruch.jpg
Bernard Baruch (1870-1965)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 30 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1964, the New York World's Fair opened in Flushing, Queens, but the star of the show was the revolutionary new Ford Mustang. The small, sporty automobile was so popular that it spawned an entirely new category known as the Pony Car. The Mustang was basically a Falcon platform with exciting new sheet metal and interior trim, and it featured the "European" styling of a long nose and short deck - first appearing in America in the Lincoln Continental in 1941. On this day, in 1965, Ford introduced the GT Equipment Group as an option to the Mustang, but in 1964, GM, Chrysler and American Motors were caught unaware and had to scramble to come up with competitve products.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/1964-mustang-rc.jpg
1964 Ford Mustang

...in 1970, with the whole world watching, Apollo 13 returned safely to earth after a harrowing journey to the moon and back. On April 13, two days into the mission, an oxygen tank exploded on the service module, crippling the ship and nearly marooning the crew in space. Tiger Team leader, Gene Kranz, lived by the motto, "Failure is not an option" and led the ground control effort to find a way to bring the crippled vehicle home and land the crew safely. The effort culminated in the safe landing of the command module on this date in 1970. (Kranz wrote his memoires of his experiences with NASA and titled it Failure Is Not An Option.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Apollo_13_crew_postmission_onboard_USS_Iwo_Jima.jp g/250px-Apollo_13_crew_postmission_onboard_USS_Iwo_Jima.jp g
The Apollo 13 crew on board the
USS Iwo Jima following the
successful splashdown.

...in 1790, statesman, printer, author and scientist, Benjamin Franklin, passed away in Philadelphia at the age of 84. Franklin started work young, becaming a printer's apprentice at the age of 12. He wrote and published Poor Richard's Almanac quoting Richard with such things as "God helps those who help themselves," or "Plow deep while sluggards sleep." He helped Philadelphia establish a lending library, fire company, police force and a school that would become the University of Pennsylvania. He was also the postmaster, and is probably best remembered for his discovery that lightning is electricity by flying a kite in a lightning storm. He also invented the Franklin Stove, still manufactured today. His work with electricity led him to invent the lightning rod and he discussed his electrical work in his papers. He coined the terms of positive and negative poles, conductor and battery, all listed in his papers. Franklin is also well known for his activities in politics. He served in the Continental Congress, was part of Jefferson's declaration committee, signed the Declaration of Independence and was one of the diplomats who negotiated the peace with Britain after the Revolutionary War. Franklin was an incredible individual, forever immortalized on the $100 bill - one of three men on American paper currency who were never president.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Benjamin_Franklin_by_Joseph_Siffred_Duplessis.jpg/200px-Benjamin_Franklin_by_Joseph_Siffred_Duplessis.jpg
Benjamin Franklin
by Joseph Siffred Duplessis.

...in 1961, President John F. Kennedy learned that an attempted coup against Cuban leader, Fidel Castro, was a dismal failure. The botched coup was the worst foreign policy decision of the Kennedy Administration. JFK inherited the Cuban mess from the Eisenhower Administration when he took office in 1961. Eisenhower had approved, but not carried out, a covert operation to overthrow Castro. The plan called for 1,200 CIA-trained Cuban exhiles to land on the southern coast of Cuba at a location called the Bay of Pigs. The plan relied on Cuban people to rise up to join the invaders and overthrow the Cuban dictator. When it came time to execute the plan, anything that could go wrong went wrong. One of the (arguably) worst decisions came at the last minute, when Kennedy pulled out American military support, especially air support. As a result, the invasion failed, the Cuban people did not rise up and Castro's forces captured the invaders. Many were executed and the rest were ransomed. The CIA blamed Kennedy for the failure while Kennedy blamed the CIA. Years later, Robert Kennedy said that of all the things that bothered JFK before he died, the Bay of Pigs fiasco weighed the heaviest.

...in 1937, a future Warner Brothers star made his film debut in Porky's Duck Hunt. Daffy Duck became one of the most popular 'toons (he's #14 on the list of top 50 cartoon characters) of all times. He is known for being the king of frustration and the phrase, “Of course, you realize, this means war.” But his signature phrase, drawn out to a ludicrous length, is "You're dethpicable."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/dd/Porkysduckhunt.jpg
Daffy Duck with Porky Pig in Porky's Duck Hunt.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 13 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1942, Jimmy Doolittle led a team of 16 brave crews who flew B-25 Mitchell bombers from the aircraft carrier Hornet to perform the first bombing raid on the Japanese homeland. The United States was still reeling from the effects of the Pearl Harbor attack. The Japanese military leadership had told their citizens that Japan was invulnerable, and given the appearance of the Pacific at the time, they seemed to be right. Colonel Doolittle felt that an attack on the homeland would plant seeds of doubt but he also knew that the American psyche needed a boost, too. After considering several ways to make the event happen, Doolittle settled on the North American B-25 bomber because it could be launched from an aircraft carrier. All 16 aircraft launched safely and hit military targets in Japan. The flight continued to China, the plan was to land safely. Due to an early launch and shortage of fuel, most just barely made the Chinese coast. One crew went to Russia and landed, but since Russia was not at war with Japan, the plane was confiscated and the crew imprisoned. (They would escape through Iran in 1943.) Doolittle thought he would be court-martialed on return to the US. All 16 planes were lost. Two crews were captured, one crew perished. He did not know what a positive effect the raid had on American morale. The fact that the strike came from land-based bombers continued to confuse the Japanese leaders and led them to believe they were vulnerable to air attacks. Doolittle returned to Washington to a hero's welcome, a Medal of Honor and a promotion of two grades to Brigadier General. When asked where the bombers came from, President Roosevelt waved his hand and said, "Shangri-la." (An American aircraft carrier was later named Shangri-la in honor of the Doolittle Raid.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Army_B-25_%28Doolittle_Raid%29.jpg/300px-Army_B-25_%28Doolittle_Raid%29.jpg
A B-25 launches from the Hornet
for the raid.

...in 1945, journalist Ernie Pyle was killed in the Pacific Theater. Pyle was born on a tenant farm in Dana, Indiana and joined the Naval Reserve when he was 18, but WWI ended before he saw any action. He attended Indiana University, traveled the orient with frat brothers, edited the school newspaper and did about everything but graduate. His intimate style made him the ideal war correspondent, and in WWII he wrote about the guys in the foxholes and not the generals. On the island of le Shima, part of the Okinawa islands, Pyle was riding in a jeep with Lt. Colonel Joseph B. Coolidge and three other men when the jeep came under fire. The men stopped the jeep and dived into a ditch. When the firing stopped, Pyle stuck his head up and said to Coolidge, "Are you alright?" They were his last words. A bullet penetrated his left temple and he died instantly.

The best way I can describe this vast armada and the frantic urgency of the traffic is to suggest that you visualize New York harbor on its busiest day of the year and then just enlarge that scene until it takes in all the ocean the human eye can reach clear around the horizon and over the horizon. There are dozens of times that many.
--Ernie Pyle on preparations for the Normandy invasion.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Ernie_Pyle.jpg/180px-Ernie_Pyle.jpg
Ernie Pyle on board the
USS Cabot.

...in 1906, San Francisco was rocked by a massive earthquake at 5:12 AM. The magnitude of the quake is estimated at 7.8 and the epicenter was located offshore about 2 miles. While the quake itself did not cause the fatalities, it was the fires that followed soon after the quake. The death toll, estimated to be over 3,000 is thought to be the greatest loss of life from natural disaster in California history. Between 225,000 and 300,000 people were left homeless. The mouth of the Salinas River moved six miles to the south. The total damage was estimated at $400 million, which adjusted for inflation, would be about $6.5 billion today.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/SanFranHouses06.JPG/250px-SanFranHouses06.JPG
Houses near the bay.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Sfearthquake3b.jpg/250px-Sfearthquake3b.jpg
Fires in the Mission District.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/San_Francisco_1906_earthquake_Panoramic_View.jpg/1100px-San_Francisco_1906_earthquake_Panoramic_View.jpg
San Francisco after the fires, April 21, 1906

...in 1906, Yankee Stadium opened with a game against the Boston Red Sox, starting a rivalry that remains bitter to this day. (The Yankees won the game.)

...in 1983, a suicide bomber almost completely destroyed the US Embassy in Beirut, Lebanon. In 1975, civil war wracked Lebanon with Palestinian and Muslim guerillas battling the Christian Planage Party, the Maronite Christian community and several other groups. Syrian, Israeli and United Nations (which is useless, anyway) interventions did not bring peace. In 1982, a multi-national force led by US Marines landed in Beirut to oversee the Palestinian withdrawal. The Marines left on September 10 but returned on the 29th when Palestinian refugees were massacred by a Christian militia. The next day, a Marine died while trying to defuse a bomb. On April 18, the embassy was bombed and on October 23 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index265.html#post567042), Lebanese terrorists drove a truck, packed with explosives, into the Marine barracks in Beirut, killing 241 military personnel. 58 French soldiers perished in a simultaneous terrorist attack. On February 7, 1984, President Reagan announced the end of American support and on February 26, the last Marines left Beirut.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/MarineBarracksBeirut_23October1983.jpg/180px-MarineBarracksBeirut_23October1983.jpg
Rescue crews searching
for casualties following the
bombing.

...in 1955, Albert Einstein passed away, the first physicist to become a household name. Inexplicably, his brain was removed from his body and remained preserved, but this fact was not released until 1978.

http://www.damninteresting.com/wp-content/einstein_brain.jpg
Einstein's brain was removed by
Dr. Thomas Hardy for research. Today,
the organ remains in a laboratory at
Princeton Hospital. (Isn't that where
Dr. House plies his trade?

http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51JHRDDNZ4L._BO2,204,203,200_PIsitb-sticker-arrow-click,TopRight,35,-76_AA240_SH20_OU01_.jpg
If you think this is all just a
little strange, you might want
to read Driving Mr. Albert
by Michael Paterniti.

...in 1775, just before midnight, Paul Revere started his famous ride.

Listen, my children, and you shall hear
Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere,
On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-Five;
Hardly a man is now alive
Who remembers that famous day and year
(Henry Wadsworth Longfellow)

Paul Revere was a successful silversmith in Boston and also acted as a dentist. As a part of a group called the Sons of Liberty, Revere was part of a network of craftsmen who kept an eye on the British and watched troop movements. On April 18, British regulars began to march toward Lexington for the purpose of arresting John Hancock and Sam Adams, and also to march to Concord to capture a colonial ammunition store. The Sons of Liberty swung into action. Revere set off across the Charles River to ride to Lexington. At the same time, William Dawes set off on the other shore of the Charles River with the same goal - to warn Lexington of the troop movements. Robert Newman, the sexton of the Old North Church, lit two lanterns to signal that the British were crossing the Charles River on their way to Lexington. The lanterns were not to signal Revere, but the North Church could be seen from great distances and the lights were in case Revere and Dawes didn't get through. There were no shouts of "To arms! The British are coming!" The entire mission required secrecy, many of the local residents were British loyalists and, in fact, the colonists still considered themselves British subjects. Revere and Dawes both reached Hancock and discussed plans of what to do. Revere and Dawes decided to ride on to Concord, joined by Dr. Samuel Prescott. The three were caught and detained by British troops at Lincoln. Prescott jumped a wall and escaped, Dawes escaped but fell off his horse and did not complete his ride. In the early morning hours, shots rang out and the British were alarmed. They confiscated Revere's horse and rode to the location of the shots in Lexington. Revere, meanwhile, proceeded on foot to aid Hancock and his family to escape.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Paul_revere_ride.gif
Paul Revere's ride. Unfortunately, many people took
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem about the ride as
historical fact. It was not. There were no shouts, the
whole event was, in fact, quiet secret.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

This is the traditional Patriot's Day! It is a date of incredible signifcance in the United States for many, many reasons. Regretably, as historical as April 19 is, there is nothing new or significant to report in Paige's case. Sadly there is no news and no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) there were only 12 candles lit as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1993, the FBI began a tear-gas assault on the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas, in an attempt to end a 51 day old standoff. By the end of the day, the compound was burned to the ground and over 80 Branch Davidians, including 22 children, had perished in the inferno. The FBI maintains that the Davidians started the fire and were killing each other as part of a suicide pact or killing those who were trying to escape. Survivors tell a different tale, charging that the ATF and FBI acted with either total incompetence or premeditated murder. No one knows for sure, but the FBI has admitted that the tear-gas grenades used in the assault have incidiary properties.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/branch-davidian.jpg
The Davidians Mount Carmel Center in flames
during the assault, April 19, 1993.

...in 1995, a massive truck bomb exploded outside the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma CIty, Oklahoma. The entire north face of the 9 story building immediately collapsed, killing 100 people. Many more were trapped in the rubble. (When the final rescue effort came to an end, the death toll reached 168 including 19 children who were in the day care center.) A massive manhunt for the perpetrator of the worst terrorist attack by an American on American soil began. The hunt resulted in the capture of Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols. McVeigh and Nichols were members of a radical, anti-government survivalist group that was becoming increasingly distrustful of the American government. The 1992 shootout between Federal agents and Randy Weaver at his cabin in Idaho (Weaver's wife and son were killed in the shootout) and the disasterous assault in Waco on April 19, 1993 pushed McVeigh and his associates over the edge. The plan was simple, a diesel fuel and fertilizer bomb, packed into a rental truck, was set to explode in front of the Murrah Building. The Murrah Building housed offices of both the ATF and FBI, the two agencies McVeigh had villified for being involved in the Idaho and Waco incidents. McVeigh was sentenced to death by lethal injection, and on June 11, 2001, he died at the federal penitentiary in Terre Haute, Indiana.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Murrah_Building_-_Aerial.jpg/180px-Murrah_Building_-_Aerial.jpg
The Murrah Building and surrounding campus
after the bombing.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/65/The_Survivor_Tree_at_the_Oklahoma_City_National_Me morial.jpg/180px-The_Survivor_Tree_at_the_Oklahoma_City_National_Me morial.jpg
This lone elm tree survived the bombing
(note the angle of the trunk.) It became known
as The Survivor Tree and became the emblem
of the memorial.

...in 1861, the first blood was shed in the Civil War when a mob of secessionists attacked Massachusetts troops in Baltimore. The soldiers were headed for Washington, D.C. when the mob attacked them, four soldiers and twelve rioters died in the incident. The first skirmish of the war began a week earlier, on April 13 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index275.html#post639520), when Fort Sumter came under siege in Charleston Bay, South Carolina. President Lincoln called for troops to quell the "Southern insurrection" and the northern states reacted quickly to the call. The Massachusetts Regiment was on its way to Washington, but in Baltimore, the tracks did not continue through the city. The troops disembarked their train and climbed into carriages that would take them across town to catch the train to Washington. Maryland was a border state where slavery was legal, and a mob of secessionists gathered to try to prevent the troops from getting to Washington. The mob blocked the carriages, forcing the troops to continue on foot. Jeering turned into throwing of rocks and bricks, the troops fired into the crowd. At the station, the Baltimore Police held back the crowd while the troops climbed aboard the train, leaving most of their equipment behind. Four soldiers and twelve rioters died. Maryland closed the state to Union transports, secessionists destroyed the rail lines and bridges leading to Washington. In May, the Union army occupied Baltimore and declared martial law. Maryland was split between secession and staying with the Union, and a vote was never taken. Slavery was abolished in 1864. About 50,000 Marylanders fought for the Union while 22,000 volunteered for the Confederacy. The bloodshed in Baltimore on this date is considered the first bloodshed of the Civil War.

http://www.civilwarhome.com/images/riot.jpg

...in 1865, the funeral of Abraham Lincoln was held at the White House with family and honored guests in attendance. The eulogy was delivered by Dr. Phineas Gurley, pastor of the New York Avenue Presbyterian Church. In his eulogy, Dr. Gurley described Mr. Lincoln as simple, sincere, plain, honest, truthful, just, benevolent and kind. He was the man, Dr. Gurley said was "...the man, who, in a time of unexampled peril, when the very life of the nation was at stake, should be chosen to occupy, in the country and for the country, its highest post of power and responsibility."

http://www.mrlincolnswhitehouse.org/upload/WH-LFuneralLOC6935_mwh.jpg
Over 100,000 people lined the streets of Washington

...in 1897, the first Boston Marathon was run on Patriot's Day. John J. McDermott of New York ran the 24.5 mile course in the best time. 2:55:10. There is no truth that Rosie Ruiz was in that marathon nor pretended to win it. (If you don't get the joke, google Rosie Ruiz.) Today, the Boston Marathon is considered one of the premier road races and attracts both professional and amateur marathoners from around the world. (Patriot's Day was moved to the third Monday of April in 1969 and the Marathon is run on that date every year.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Boston1910.jpg/180px-Boston1910.jpg
Boston Marathon finish line, 1910.

...in 1775, 700 British regulars marched into Lexington, Massachusetts for the purpose of seizing a Patriot munitions storage facility and to capture John Hancock and Samuel Adams. At 5:00 AM, the Redcoats were surprised to find 77 armed minutemen on the town green. British Major John Pitcairn ordered the Patriots to disperse. There was some milling around and the crowd began to disperse when an unknown report sounded; it was the "...shot heard round the world." Soon musket smoke covered the green, eight Patriots lay dead and ten more were wounded. One British soldier was injured but the result was the start of the American Revolution. The Redcoats mached on to Concord but at 7:00 AM, they found themselves surrounded by hundreds of armed Minutemen. Lt. Colonel Francis Smith, commander of the British forces, ordered a retreat to Boston without confronting the colonists. As they reached Lexington, the militia exacted their revenge by killing several Redcoats as they marched through. Even though the British were reinforced by 1500 more troops, all the way back to Boston, the Redcoats were harassed by Minutemen shooting from behind rocks, trees and fences. By the time the British made it back to Boston, nearly 300 soldiers were killed, wounded or missing in action. The two skirmishes began the Revolutionary War that would escalate into a world war and hatch a new nation, the independent United States of America.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Minute_Man.JPG/120px-Minute_Man.JPG
Concord Minute Man by
Daniel Chester French in
Concord, Massachusetts.

In 1836, Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote the Concord Hymn for a battle monument in Concord, Massachusetts. It pays homage to the men who gave their lives and is the source of the famous line, "And fired the shot heard round the world." It was sung on July 4, 1837 at Concord's celebration, to the tune of the Old Hundreth, a tune familiar to most Christians. The first stanza is engraved on the Concord Minute Man statue (by Daniel Chester French, best known for his statue of Lincoln) at the Old North Bridge in Concord.

By the rude bridge that arched the flood,
Their flag to April’s breeze unfurled,
Here once the embattled farmers stood,
And fired the shot heard round the world.

The foe long since in silence slept;
Alike the conqueror silent sleeps;
And Time the ruined bridge has swept
Down the dim stream that seaward creeps.

On this green bank, by this soft stream,
We set today a votive stone;
That memory may their deeds redeem,
When, like our sires, our sons are gone.

Spirit, that made those heroes dare,
To die, and leave their children free,
Bid Time and nature gently spare
The shaft we raise to them and thee.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 18 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1871, Congress passed the Third Force Act, more popularly known as the Ku Klux Klan act. It authorized President Ulysses S. Grant to declare martial law and impose heavy penalties on terrorist organizations. The KKK was founded in 1865 by several Confederate Army veterans but it was a small fraternity. It grew from that secret fraternity into a force bent on resisting Union efforts at Reconstruction, especially those efforts that were aimed at granting rights to and improving the lives of the newly freed slaves. The name "Ku Klux Klan" is a bastardization of the Greek word for circle, "kyklos," and "clan" from the warring families of Scotland. It was more likely so named for its aliteration with "kyklos." The Klan pushed a platform of racial superiority and began to use violence to forward its philosophy. A former Confederate general, Nathan Bedford Forrest, was the first Grand Wizard of the KKK but he became one of the strongest critics of the violent turn taken by the group. He tried, unsuccessfully, to disband the KKK in 1869. In some southern states, Republicans formed militia units to break up the Klan, but passage of the law in 1871 resulted in thousands of arrests. 18 counties in South Carolina were placed under marshal law. In 1882, the law was found unconstitutional by the Supreme Court but by that time, Reconstruction was pretty much over and the KKK had faded away. It resurfaced in the 1920s and again in the 1960s, and it remains a small, but very active force, to this day.

...in 1906, firefighters in San Francisco were finally able to halt the spread of flames that nearly consumed the city after an earthquake rocked the city two days earlier. Even though the (estimated) 8.3 magnitude earthquake leveled much of the city, it was the fires that caused the most damage and death. There weren't enough firemen nor equipment to fight the fires, which didn't matter, because most of the water lines had been broken by the quake and and there was little pressure to fight the fires. The mayor authorized drastic measures, and firefighters used dynamite to blow houses and buildings to create fire breaks. (The fire breaks had little effect on the firefighting and was seldom used after the disaster. Also in the wake of the disaster, building and fire codes were changed in San Francisco, and they were strictly enforced.

...in 1841, the first detective story was published. Edgar Allen Poe's The Murders in the Rue Morgue appeared in Graham's Lady's and Gentleman's Magazine. The story describes the incredible analytical powers used by Monsieur C. Auguste Dupin to solve the murders in Paris. The story, setting the way for Sherlock Holmes, was told by Dupin's roommate. Dectective stories began to flourish. Sherlock Holmes first appeared in 1887. Both of Agatha Christie's detectives, Miss Marple and Hercule Poirot made their first appearances in the 1920s and all remain popular. (Agatha Christie admitted that Poirot was inspired by Holmes, "...eccentric detective, stooge assistant, with a Lestrade-type Scotland Yard detective, Inspector Japp." Conan Doyle also admitted that Holmes had been based on the model of C. August Dupin, Edgar Allen Poe's archetypical detective. The 1930s was the golden age of detective novels, the noir detective was the basis of detectives created by Dashel Hammet, Raymond Chandler and Mickey Spillane. That is, after all, "...the stuff dreams are made of."

...in 1889, at an inn in Braunau am Inn, Austria-Hungary, the Gasthof zum Pommer, Adolph Hitler was born, the fourth of six children of Alois Hitler and Klara Polzi. Klara was Alois's third wife and was also his cousin. Adolph and his younger sister, Paula, reached adulthood. Alois Hitler was an illigitimate child that used his mother's surname, Schicklgruber, for his first 39 years. He took the name of his stepfather, Hiedler. The name was probably spelled Hiedler, Huetler, Huettler and Hitler over the years, and a clerk probably normalized it to Hitler. Contrary to legend, however, Adolph was born Hitler, not Schicklgruber but it is a lot more fun to say. He never graduated from high school and he aspired to be a painter. He applied to, but was twice rejected, by an art academy. He copied postcards and a few merchants tried to sell his paintings but it was not to be. He lived in a homeless shelter in 1910. After the war ended, almost all western publications refer to nazism as evil in both secular and religious terms. In Germany, display of a swastika or denial of the Holocaust is prohibited. Hitler is regarded as evil incarnate by most everyone but inexplicably, some leaders honor him and speak in favorable terms. Former Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat spoke of how he admired Hitler. Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, who calls for Israel to be wiped from the map, claims the Holocaust is a myth and Louis Farrakhan refers to Hitler as a "very great man."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Mahnstein.JPG/180px-Mahnstein.JPG
This stone was placed outside Hitler's birthplace in Austria.
It says,
FÜR FRIEDEN FREIHEIT
UND DEMOKRATIE
NIE WIEDER FASCHISMUS
MILLIONEN TOTE MAHNEN
which translates roughly to
For peace, freedom and democracy
never again fascism, millions of dead
remind us.

...in 1999, two teenage gunmen went on a shooting spree at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado. At 11:19 AM, Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris, dressed in trench coats, began shooting students before going inside and continuing their attack. By 11:35, they had killed 12 fellow students and a teacher, and wounded another 23 people. Shortly after noon, they turned the guns on themselves and committed suicide. It is the fourth worst school shooting in American history. (33 people, including the gunman, were killed at Virginia Tech on April 16, 2007.) Of course, immediately following the shooting, everyone wanted to know why and there were the requisite calls for more gun control. Harris and Klebold chose their victims randomly, and speculation was that they committed the crimes because they belonged to a group of outcasts known as "The Trench Coat Mafia." The "mafia" was fascinated by the Goth culture, video games and music, all blamed for causing the shootings. Of course, none of it was every proved. The school reopened in the fall of 1999, but Littleton was not the same. The two left written plans that are not clear. It is thought the shootings were planned for April 19 to coincide with the anniversary of the Waco debacle, but no one is sure. Michael Moore blamed music in Bowling for Columbine. There have been many reports and articles published by experts of one kind or another of why Klebold and Harris did what they did, but the only two people who really knew took their secrets to the grave.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b5/Evacuating_Columbine.jpg/250px-Evacuating_Columbine.jpg
Staff and students evacuated the high
school during the shooting.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Columbinememorial.JPG/180px-Columbinememorial.JPG
The Columbine Memorial was dedicated
on September 21, 2007.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 27 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1918, Manfred von Richtofen was shot down by Allied fire. Richthofen was the son of a Prussian noble and during WWI, switched from the Germany army to the Imperial Air Service in 1915. In 1916, he was terrorizing the skies over France in an Albatross biplane. He shot down 15 aircraft by the end of the year. In 1917, he surpassed all ace totals, on both sides, and he began flying a Fokker triplane that was painted bright red. He was already known as "The Red Baron" and although he only used the red Fokker triplane for the last eight months of his life, it is the plane he is forever associated with. In 1918, The Red Baron flew deep into enemy territory in pursuit of a British airplane. He was apparently too close to the deck and was shot in the chest by an Austrailian soldier. He crashed his plane into a field. Another account had him shot down by Captain Roy Brown, a Canadian flier. Either way, the 25 year old ace was recovered by British troops and his last word to the British soldiers was, "Kaputt." He was buried with full military honors. In an era when airplanes were little more than sticks covered with fabric, the Bloody Red Baron shot down 80 enemy aircraft, a feat unequaled in military history.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/64/Mvrredbaron.jpg/200px-Mvrredbaron.jpg
Manfred von Richtofen, wearing
the Blue Max, Prussia's highest
military honor.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/RoteBaron.JPG/180px-RoteBaron.JPG
A replica of the Richtofen's Fokker Triplane.

...in 1836, during the Texan War for Independence, Sam Houston's Texas Militia launched a surprise attack on Mexican General Santa Anna on the banks of the San Jacinto river. The Mexican army had scored a major victory at The Alamo and Houston waited for his right opportunity to revenge the loss. In the the Battle of San Jacinto, Santa Anna's forces were thoroughly routed with hundreds captured, including Santa Anna. To regain his freedom, Santa Anna recognized Texas independence. That would later be rescinded, planting the seeds of the Mexican-American War over Texas becoming the 28th state in 1845.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/SantaAnnaSurrender.jpg
William Huddle's Santa Anna Surrenders 1886.

...in 1865, a train dubbed "The Lincoln Special," carrying the coffin of President Abraham Lincoln, left Washington, D.C. on a circuitous route to Springfield, Illinois, where he would be buried on May 4. The train went through 180 cites in 7 states on its route. At specially scheduled stops, the coffin was taken from the train and carried by hearse to a public location for viewing. In Philadelphia, Lincoln was placed in state in the east wing of Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence was signed. People waited as long as five hours to pay their respects to the martyred president. There were 300 people on board the train for its 1650 mile journey, including the coffin of Willie Lincoln, who had died of Typhoid Fever in Washington, D.C. in 1862. His body was disinterred so he could be buried along with his father, in the family plot, in Springfield. On the date of his death, a group of Springfield citizens formed the National Lincoln Monument Association and began to collect funds to build a special tomb. Upon completion of the memorial in 1874, Lincoln's remains were placed in a chamber known as the "catacombs" but two Chicago counterfeiters tried, and failed, to steal the body, to hold it for ransom, in 1876. His body is now interred 10 feet below the burial room, in a brick vault. Lincoln's family, Mary Todd Lincoln and three of their four sons are interred in the burial room of the monument. (Robert Todd Lincoln is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/LincolnTrain.jpeg/300px-LincolnTrain.jpeg
The Lincoln Funeral Train

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Lincoln%27s_Tomb.JPG/300px-Lincoln%27s_Tomb.JPG
Lincoln's tomb, Oak Ridge Cemetery

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 31 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1970, the first Earth Day was held. It was the brainchild of Senator Gaylord Nelson of Wisconsin in order to promote awareness of environmental issues. The EPA was established that Summer. What started out as a good idea has grown into a massively powerful bureaucracy over which no one has recourse. (I intend to celebrate Earth Day by turning on every light in my house, powering on every appliance I have and lighting a charcoal fire to make dinner.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/GaylordNelson.jpg
Gaylord Nelson (1916-2005)

...in 1954, as long as we're talking about well-meaning, but misguided, Senators from Wisconsin, Joseph McCarthy began hearings to investigate the US Army. The hearings were televised, giving Americans a chance to see McCarthy in action, and his receding popularity plummeted. McCarthy died three years later.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Joseph_McCarthy.jpg/160px-Joseph_McCarthy.jpg
Joseph McCarthy (1908-1957)

...in 1945, Adolph Hitler admitted defeat to his generals. There was no defense offered against the Russian army that was advancing on Berlin. He told his advisers that the war was lost and suicide was his only option.

...in 1994, 37th President of the United States Richard M. Nixon passed away. He is mostly remembered for resigning the office under fire for the Watergate scandal but he is also remembered for ending the war in Viet Nam and for opening China. Nixon began the "Environmental Decade" by signing the Clean Air Act of 1970, Federal Water Pollution Control Act amendments, he created OSHA (love it or hate it) and he created the Environmental Protection Agency in 1970. (See Gaylord Nelson, above.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Richard_Nixon.jpg/225px-Richard_Nixon.jpg
Richard Milhous Nixon (1913-1994)

...in 1993, the United States Holocaust Museum was dedicated in New York City. The museum has been visited by over 30 million visitors including field trips and heads of state. The museum has a permanent exhibition that occupies most of the museum. The Tower of Faces is a three story tower that is lined with photos of everyday life in the village of Eisiskes, Lithudania before the SS rounded up everyone in the village and systematically murdered them all. Remember the Children: Daniel's Story is an exhibition that describes the Holocaust to young people by telling the story of Daniel. "Daniel" is a fictional character that is a composite of several children who faced the Holocaust. There are also rotating exhibits that have covered anti-semitism, Nazi propaganda and even the genocide in Darfur. There is currently an exhibit about the genocide in Rwanda. You can visit the United States Holocaust Museum (http://www.ushmm.org/)'s website and millions do every year.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b6/HolocaustMuseumPlaque.jpg/300px-HolocaustMuseumPlaque.jpg
The Dedication Plaque

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 13 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1921, Warren Spahn was born in Buffalo, New York. He was a left-handed pitcher who threw more victories (363) than any other left-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball. He is recognized as not only the best left-handed pitcher but one of the greatest pitchers in history. He won 20 games in 13 seasons, including 23-7 record when he was 42 years old! He began his career with the Boston Braves in on April 19, 1942, moved with the Braves to Milwaukee in 1953 and won the Cy Young Award in 1957. In 1964, when the owners of the Braves wanted to move to Atlanta, they sold Spahn to the hapless New York Mets. Critics said it was one more act by the desperate owners to anger Milwaukee fans - which it did. “I’m probably the only guy who worked for Stengel before and after he was a genius,” Spahn said of playing for the Mets. After the Mets released him, he finished his career by winning three more games with the San Francisco Giants that year. (Warren Spahn was my favorite ball player as a kid. The Old Man took me to County Stadium to see Spahn pitch for the Mets - he got shelled - while the Milwaukee pitcher almost threw a no-hitter.)

Spahn probably would have amassed even more records if it hadn't been for World War II. He saw action in the Battle of the Bulge and Ludendorf Bridge. He was awarded a Purple Heart and a Bronze Star. He spent three years in the army and returned to baseball at the age of 25, but more mature than when he had gone in. “After what I went through overseas, I never thought of anything I was told to do in baseball as hard work. You get over feeling like that when you spend days on end sleeping in frozen tank tracks in enemy threatened territory. The Army taught me something about challenges and about what’s important and what isn’t. Everything I tackle in baseball and in life I take as a challenge rather than work,” Spahn said of his time in the army. He pitched until he was 44 years old and angrily said, “I didn’t quit; baseball retired me.” He pitched for three more years in the minors and in Mexico.

http://www.tireball.com/photos/albums/spahn_warren/26.jpg
Spahn's high leg kick aided him in
becoming baseball's all-time winningest
left handed pitcher.

...in 1954, speaking of great Milwaukee baseball players, Hank Aaron hit his first major league home run. Twenty years later, he set the new home run record, surpassing Babe Ruth's "unbeatable" record. Aaron moved to Atlanta with the Braves and in 1974, they traded him to the Milwaukee Brewers to finish his career. (The American League Brewers were able to use Aaron as a Designated Hitter, extending his career and his total home run count. His home run record is untouched by normal ball players without the aid of performance enhancement drugs.)

http://www.tireball.com/photos/albums/spahn_warren/20.jpg
Warren Spahn with his Cy Young award and
Hank Aaron with his MVP Award, for the 1957
season. The photo was taken in 1958 at old
Milwaukee County Stadium.

...in 1992, a Miller 1500 race car was acquired by the Smithsonian Institution for display. Harry Miller was born in Menomonie, Wisconsin in 1875 and became a brilliant automotive designer. He had a nearly inexhaustable supply of ideas to increase horsepower and gain more speed. He moved to Los Angeles and started building carburetors that caught on across the country. He developed a stong aluminum alloy for lightweight racing carburetors which he then used to make aluminum pistons. With his associates, Fred Offenhauser and Leo Goossen, Miller began to build racing engines that dominated racing. Eventually, Miller Engineering began to build race cars. If one was serious about racing, and wanted to win, one bought a Miller race car. It was not cheap. In a day when the average wage was $25 a week, a Miller race car was $10,000.00. Miller also built the first front wheel drive race car and the first four wheel drive race car. He used no off-the-shelf parts, ever part of every Miller race car was built in his plant and documented. Miller cars won nine Indianapolis 500 races and three more races were won by chassis that were powered with Miller engines. In the 1930s, Miller finished at least six cars in the top ten of every race. Fred Offenhauser continued Miller's work, and Miller-Offenhauser cars and engines dominated the Indianapolis 500 well into the 1970s. It was not until 1981 that a Miller or Offenhauser engine did not start the Indianapolis 500.

http://www.milleroffy.com/miller_122_frontdrive_front_web.jpg
A Miller 122 Front Wheel Drive Race Car

...in 1942, the Germans began to bomb medieval city centers in what the Luftwaffe called "Baedeker Raids." On March 28, 234 British bombers anihilated the German port city of Lübeck. The target was of "moderate importance" and was listed as more of morale booster for the British fliers. The damage was massive, two thousand buildings were destroyed, over 300 were killed and 15,000 Germans were left homeless. In retaliation, the Germans started the Baedeker Raids. Baedecker Publishing produced tourist guidebooks, and the Luftwaffe promised to attack every building in Great Britain that had received three stars in the Baedeker tourist guides.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1977-047-16%2C_L%C3%BCbeck%2C_brennender_Dom_nach_Luftangri ff.jpg/180px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1977-047-16%2C_L%C3%BCbeck%2C_brennender_Dom_nach_Luftangri ff.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Lubeck-church.JPG/180px-Lubeck-church.JPG
Lübeck Cathedal after the raid, and after restoration, completed in 1982.

...in 1564, William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-on-Avon. At least, tradition says he was born on this day, no one really knows for sure. It is known for sure that he died on this date in 1616. Little is known about Shakespeare because of his lower station in life. He was the son of John Shakespeare, the town baliff. What is known is from official records. Shakespeare wrote over 1 million words in 20 years as a playwrite, and over 400 years later, his plays are still performed, read, analyzed and studied. Ben Johnson, the great poet and contemporary, said, "He was not of an age, but for all time."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/First_Folio.jpg/180px-First_Folio.jpg
"All the world's a stage, and all
the men and women merely players:
they have their exits and their entrances;
and one man in his time plays many parts..."
As You Like It Act II, Scene 7,

That's it. That's all we know as of 3:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 26 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1916, on Easter Sunday, a group called the Irish Republican Brotherhood began the Easter Rebellion. The secret society, along with militant Irish socialists, attacked British government offices in Dublin and captured several government buildings, including the post office. They proclaimed the independence of Ireland, which had been under British rule for centuries. On Monday morning, they were in control of much of the city, at least, until the British launched a counter offensive and quickly crushed the rebellion. British rule had been harsh, including anti-Catholic laws, and there was (and remains) little love between the two, the Irish Catholics represented by the green on the flag and the protestant English/Irish, represented by the orange on the flag. In 1921, 26 of Ireland's 32 counties won independence and in 1949 became the Republic of Ireland. Six northeastern counties remain under British rule, and the Irish Republican Brotherhood became the Irish Republican Army, calling for a united, and free, Ireland. In 2005, the IRA finally decided to end the violence and pursue independence through peaceful means.

...in 1800, the Library of Congress was established by President John Adams. The first books were ordered from London and stored in the U.S. Capitol. The first library catalog listed 964 books and nine maps. The British burned the Capitol during the War of 1812, destroying the library. Thomas Jefferson sold his personal library to Congress to replace the destroyed collection. The purchase of his library of 6,487 books was approved the next year and a professional librarian was hired. After the Civil War, the size of the collection began to increase quickly and today, the Library of Congress is housed in three huge buildings.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Library_of_Congress.jpg
The Library of Congress Reading Room

...in 1953, Winston Churchill, the Prime Minister who led Great Britain through World War II, was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II. In 1955, he retired as PM but remained in Parliament until 1964, the year before he died.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Churchill_portrait_NYP_45063.jpg/250px-Churchill_portrait_NYP_45063.jpg
Sir Winston Churchill
"It has been said that democracy is the worst form of government except all the others that have been tried."

...in 1980, an ill-fated military operation to rescue American hostages went ary, killing eight US military personnel and without rescuing any hostages. The plan was hatched by President Jimmy Carter who was at the end of his rope with Iran. On November 4, 1979, militant Iranian students seized the American Embassy in Teheran. The Ayatollah Khomenini, the Iranian political and religious leader, took control of the hostages. When Teheran had not been subject to any military reprisals, Khomeini came to the realization that he had President Carter by the proverbial short hair. He promised to release women and minority hostages, playing the propaganda game very well and saying he was releasing captives who represented America's most oppressed peoples. Khomeini played the American press like a violin, making President Carter look more and more foolish every day. With no diplomatic resolution in sight, President Carter launched the rescue mission. The plan revolved around landing the Delta Force in Teheran, transported by helicopter. The hostages would be flown out in C-130 transports. Three of the eight helicopters failed, and during the ensuing retreat, one of the 'copters collided with a C-130, killing the eight Americans. The next day, the president was forced to go on television and admit the failure, which became a PR coup for the Ayatollah. Mr. Carter lost his bid for reelection to Ronald Reagan. The Iranians began to negotiate with the President elect, and on January 20, 1981, President Reagan's inauguration day, the hostages were released, after 444 days in captivity. The hostage crisis marred Jimmy Carter's presidency but the crash and failure of the rescue mission became the defining moment of his presidency.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Eagle_Claw_wrecks_at_Desert_One_April_1980.jpg
The wreckage of a C-130, a Sea Stallion
helicopter and an abandoned Sea Stallion at
the refueling base.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 29 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1901, the state of New York became the first in the United States to require registration of automobiles. Owners were required to send in their names, addresses and a description of their automobiles. The registration cost $1, and owners received permission to make their own small plaque with their initials on it. The state made $954 in registration fees for the year 1901. (The first plates issued by a state were in 1903 in Massachusetts.)

http://z.about.com/d/history1900s/1/G/d/D/1/licenseplate.jpg
A 1903 Massachusetts plate, the
first issued by a state.

...in 1952, the American Bowling Congress approved the use of automatic pinspotters for league play. Development of pinspotters had been underway since the early part of the 20th Century. Bowlers relied on "pin boys" to reset bowling pins and return balls to the bowlers. Manual machines were developed to aid pinboys set pins, but no serious efforts went into building automatic machines until the 1930s, efforts that were curtailed during WWII. AMF introduced a fully automatic pinsetter in 1946 which went into widespread use. Brunswick, seeing the success of AMF began to build their own machines.

http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/7970/75/400/pin.jpg
The AMF sign appeared in bowling centers that featured the
AMF machines. In the 1950s, automation was all the rage and it
seemed that robots would be doing a lot of work for us, so it was
natural for manufacturers to use robot characters to sell us almost
anything.

...in 1990, the space shuttle Discovery placed the Hubble Space Telescope into orbit. The space telescope was conceived in the 1940s but wasn't designed until the 1970s and built in the 1980s. It was conceived to make observations without the restrictions and the major problem associated with earth-bound telescopes, the distortions caused by the atmosphere. It was all terribly exciting until the first images began to arrive back on earth. The mirror had been precision ground, polished and polished again, to more exacting standards than any telescope mirror before it. Unfortunately, someone forgot to give the specs to the designers of the lenses and optical technicians who built optics for a different mirror. In 1993, another shuttle mission repaired the optics, and since then, the Hubble has been sending back stunning photographs of the universe.

http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/gallery/db/spacecraft/04/formats/04_web.jpg
The Hubble Space Telescope

http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2000-06-a-web.jpg
This Carina Nebula image is just one of the stunning
photographs taken by the Hubble Space Telescope.

That's it. That's all we know as of 1:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 22 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1986, the worst nuclear accident in world history took place at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Power Station in the former Soviet Union. The station is located near the city of Pripyat, along the banks of the Pripyat River, about 65 miles north of Kiev, in the Ukraine. Chernobyl was built in the 1970s with four reactors and it produced about 10% of the Ukraine's power demands. The accident was actually a failed experiment by reactor operators who really didn't understand nuclear power and did not have a working knowledge of the peculiarities of the Chernobyl design. Oversimplified, the accident was the result of several guys saying, "What do you think would happen if we tried this?" What happened was the reactor went out of control and exploded. It was not a nuclear explosion - nuclear power plants are not capable of exploding as a nuclear weapon would - the explosion was caused by a chemical reaction and excessive steam. The explosion blew the top of the reactor off the building and spread a wave of fallout across the countryside. The Soviets were very quiet about the accident, and it was not until radiation alarms went off in Sweden, 800 miles away, that the Soviet Union admitted an accident had occurred. The citizens of Pripyat were evacuated but not told the severity of the accident. Their personal belongings remain in the abandoned city. The reactor was filled in with remote control bulldozers and encased in a concrete sarcophagus. (The bulldozers remain at the site, still emitting radiation, more than 20 years later.) 56 people perished with their deaths linked directly to the accident. At least 600,000 people suffered radiation exposure and more than 4,000 cancer deaths have been blamed on the accident. The other three units of the plant were shut down in 2000 and today, work is underway to completely entomb the plant.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Chernobyl_Disaster.jpg/300px-Chernobyl_Disaster.jpg
Chernobyl after the explosion.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/View_of_Chernobyl_taken_from_Pripyat.JPG/180px-View_of_Chernobyl_taken_from_Pripyat.JPG
The abandoned city of Pripyat with
Chernobyl on the horizon.

...in 1950, a film entitled The Big Lift was released, less than a year after the Soviets lifted the Berlin blockade. The film tells the fictional story of two Army Air Corps sergeants on duty in Berlin during the airlift. The film, written and directed by George Seaton, was shot on location in post-war Berlin during the airlift. Although a fictional story, the filming locations told the story of the total devastation wreaked upon Berlin in the last months of WWII. All the military personnel portrayed in the film were real military personnel. The film showed the perils of the flights and what life what like in post war Berlin.

...in 1906, the 16 acre plot of land left from the 1901 Pan American Exposition was acquired by the George N. Peirce Company to build a production facility. The company began in 1872 building household products that included birdcages. The company added a line of bicycles and in 1900, began to build automobiles. The Pierce Great Arrow appeared in 1904 and proved to be a quite popular, albeit expensive, luxury car. The company changed the name of the vehicle to Pierce-Arrow in 1909. Pierce-Arrow built only luxury automobiles and competed with Packard in that marketplace. Piece-Arrow was the first company to employ aesthetics in design and marketing. The distinctive mark of a Pierce-Arrow is the headlight pods build into the front fenders, which every car has today but was a cutting edge design in its day. Paintings of Pierce-Arrows in advertising were works of art. Sales began to drop off when Piece-Arrow did not update their six cylinder engine while other brands were supplying eight and twelve cylinder engines. When the Great Depression finally crushed Pierce-Arrow, Time Magazine reported the demise under the headline, "From Birdcages to Bankruptcy." (Pierce-Arrow and today's Pierce fire apparatus manufacturing company are not related.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Pierce-ArrowColorAd.jpg/250px-Pierce-ArrowColorAd.jpg
Pierce-Arrow ads were works of art
in themselves, based on aesthetics
and without any details about the
automobiles themselves.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/1922_Pierce-Arrow.JPG/180px-1922_Pierce-Arrow.JPG
The distinctive styling of the Pierce-Arrow,
evident in the 1922 Coupe, provided instant
identification of the brand. The headlight pods
in the front fenders was a unique Pierce-Arrow feature.

...in 1984, President Ronald Reagan arrived in China for talks with Chinese President Li Xiannian. Accompanied by First Lady Nancy Reagan, the intimate group included about 600 journalists and a small army of Secret Service agents. It was the first time a sitting president had visited China since Richard Nixon opened China in 1972. When the communists took over China in 1949, the free Chinese government fled to Taiwan. The United States did not recognize communist China and supported the free Chinese exhiled to Taiwan, under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek. The US sold arms to Taiwan to protect themselves from Mao Zedong's Red China, which infuriated the Chinese and kept the tensions high between the two countries. It was a major point of contention between the Chinese and Americans when Richard Nixon visited in 1972, and wasn't much better when Ronald Reagan visited. However, the lure of enhanced trade between the two nations overcame, although never fully, the difference. The Chinese were impressed with President Reagan's attempts to speak Chinese and he impressed reporters and dignitaries alike with his glib style.

http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/photographs/large/c21461-13A.jpg
President and Nancy Reagan
on the Great Wall of China.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[nana45]

The 27th~ our wonderful daughter Paige would be 38. I'd love to hear memories and stories you might have of her, especially to share with her children. To me, this describes her:
"To laugh often and much; to win the respect of intelligent
people and the affection of children...to leave the world
a better place...to know even one life has breathed easier
because you have lived. This is to have succeeded."
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
From Kim: Paige was as beautiful inside as she was on the outside! I was envious of her many talents, her cooking, her craftiness, her sewing skills, her dancing and her wonderful mothering skills to name a few.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Let's start with a personal note today. Happy birthday, Paige, whereever you are. You are missed and you are loved. There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 42 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1822, Hiram Ulysses Grant was born in Point Pleasant, Ohio, the son of a tanner. He showed little enthusiasm for his father's trade, so the elder Grant secured an appointment to West Point through Ohio Congressman Thomas L. Hamer, who listed him as "Ulysses S. Grant of Ohio." Grant accepted the name and began to use it as initials only, because US also stood for Uncle Sam. His nickname, then, became Sam. His skills ane reputation as an excellent, and fearless, horseman which would make him a natural for the cavalry. In usual army fashion, he was assigned to a regimental quartermaster to manage supplies and equipment. He saw service in the Mexican-American war under Zachery Taylor and Winfield Scott and even though he was with the quartermaster, he was close enough to the lines to see action. Grant was opposed to the war but was able to observe and judge the actions of commanders. The war ended in 1848, and Grant was assigned to Fort Vancouver. His wife was pregnant but not with him as his pay grade could not support a family in the wilderness. Grant took up serious drinking. He was promoted to Captain and transferred to Fort Humboldt, California. Not long after, he resigned his commission. Rumors persisted that the CO of the fort found him drunk, but there is no evidence to support that theory. Still, he was known to be a heavy drinker. In 1861, after the Confederates attacked Fort Sumter and President Lincoln put out his call for volunteers, Grant recruited a company of volunteers and became a brigadier general in the Illinois militia. Later, he became part of the Union army again. He had beaten the drinking but took up chain smoking cigars. After routing the Confederates at Shiloh, he received 10,000 boxes of cigars from grateful fans. After a decisive victory at Vicksburg, he caught the eye of President Lincoln. Lincoln had been plagued with a series of incompetent generals and hired Grant to be Lieutenant General, a rank held previously by only George Washington. As the Supreme Commander of the Army, Grant led a series of bloody and epic battles against Robert E. Lee, eventually accepting Lee's surrender at Appomattox Courthouse, ending the Civil War. He was elected to the office of President in 1868. Unfortunately, Grant was a better general than president, his administration was full of corruption, including the Black Friday gold scandal of Jay Gould. He did, however, pass the Third Force Act (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index275.html#post641969) that slowed the Ku Klux Klan and the Civil Rights Act in 1875 that was the first attempt to desegregate public buildings, rest rooms, transportation and housing. After his presidency, he and his wife traveled Europe, spawning a line in the Bing Crosby version of McNamara's Band. He had made some unwise investments and by 1880, he was broke. Grant had forfeited his army pension when he became president, and there was no presidential pension in those days. He did, however, write his memoirs of the Civil War thanks to an incredible offer from Mark Twain, that was hailed as one of the best memoirs ever written. It sold well, and after his death from cancer in 1885, the family received royalties of $450,000.00. Congress passed a presidential pension in 1958 because of him, so a past president would never be destitute again. Who's buried in Grant's tomb? Ulysses S. Grant and his wife, Julia Boggs Dent Grant.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/USGrant.gif
The familiar portrait of General U.S. Grant
at Cold Harbor in 1864, by Matthew Brady.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Series2004NoteFront_50.jpg
An even more familiar portrait of U.S. Grant

...in 1954, the Bing Crosby-Danny Kay film White Christmas debuted. The film was the first film made in Vista-Vision, the Paramount name for the wide screen process. Wide screen technique was not actually new, in fact, it had been around since the 1920s but was not used because of the extra expense involved. By the 1950s, Hollywood studios were in fear of a new competitor - television. The other studios used the wide screen system called CinemaScope. VistaVision shot horizontally on 35mm film to allow the wider image. The final print was reduced to fit 35mm film in the traditional vertical alignment. The process was higher resolution than CinemaScope but very expensive. Paramount abandoned the process soon after they started to use it. The VistaVision cameras wound up in Europe and Japan and were used there for many years. The process was also used to shoot special effects, later merged into films, for notable science fiction films and other features. Some of the VistaVision effects were used in the Star Wars franchise, Star Trek films, Indiana Jones and even Who Framed Roger Rabbit?.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Bing_Crosby_and_Danny_Kaye_in_White_Christmas_trai ler_2.jpg/140px-Bing_Crosby_and_Danny_Kaye_in_White_Christmas_trai ler_2.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Vera-Ellen_and_Rosemary_Clooney_in_White_Christmas_trai ler_2.jpg/140px-Vera-Ellen_and_Rosemary_Clooney_in_White_Christmas_trai ler_2.jpg
Bing Crosby, Danny Kaye
Vera Ellen and Rosemary Clooney
in White Christmas.

...in -4977 B.C., the universe was created. Well, at least to the 16th Century German mathematician and astronomer, Johannes Kepler. Kepler, often considered to be the father of modern science, is remembered for his work in optics and an improved refracting telescope, and for his explanations of the movement of planets. Using math formulae, he explained that the planets' orbits are elliptical and not circular, and that planets speed up in their orbits as they approach the sun and slow down as they move away. His work greatly influenced Sir Isaac Newton some years later. Kepler died in Regensberg in 1630. When the Big Bang theory was developed in the 20th Century, they found that Kepler's birth date of the universe was slightly off, by about 13.7 billion years.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Johannes_Kepler_1610.jpg/225px-Johannes_Kepler_1610.jpg
Johannes Kepler in 1610, artist unknown.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 27 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1958, a novelty record entitled The Witch Doctor hit the Number 1 spot on the Billboard pop chart. The record used an unusual technique, developed by Ross Bagdasarian, where the singer recorded part of the song at a different speed than the rest of the record, then was dubbed into the original recording. Bagdasarian recorded under the name "David Seville" and he topped the charts again later in the year with a record called The Chipmunk Song. Seville supposedly led a trio of chipmunks named Simon, Theodore and Alvin. Alvin was a mischievous sort and Bagdasarian was able to launch an entire product line and a cartoon series from the success of The Chipmunk Song, but it was the success of The Witch Doctor that started it all. Ooooh, eee, ooo ah ah, ting tang walla walla bing bang. (Click on the link to see David Seville perform The Witch Doctor (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJeb9QFoLzQ) on The Ed Sullivan Show. (Sheb Wooley would perform a similar stunt with a novelty record called The Purple People Eater, also in 1958.) David Seville was the cousin of William Saroyan and he was in the Broadway cast of The Time of Your Life by Saroyan. He also wrote a song performed by Rosemary Clooney.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/2d/Ross_Bagdasarian_aka_David_Seville.JPG
Rostom Sipan Bagdasarian, Sr.
aka David Seville (1919-1972)

...in 1789, the HMS Bounty was seized by a group of mutineers, led by Fletcher Christian, the master's mate, while traveling from Tahiti to the West Indies. The ship had been assigned to travel to Tahiti and collect saplings of breadfruit trees, transport them to the West Indies, where they would be transplanted to provide food for slaves. The Captain of the Bounty, one William Bligh, and 18 of his loyal followers were set adrift in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, in an overcrowded boat. The Bounty set sail for Tubuai, south of Tahiti. Bligh was a miserable captain, an oppresive commander who regularly insulted his subordintates. (Bligh would actually be mutinied three times in his career, although only the Bounty mutiny was due to his strict style and the other two were part of a wider mutinous circumstance.) At first, Bligh and his loyalists appeared to have received a tortuous death sentence, but he was such a capable seaman that he guided the boat on a 3,600 mile journey to the West Indies. He returned to England, received a new command and eventually completed his mission of transporting breadfruit saplings to the West Indies. Meanwhile, the mutineers took the Bounty back to Tahiti, where some of them remained. They would be captured, returned to England and some of them hanged for their participation in the mutiny. The rest settled on an uninhabited island named Pitcairn, where they stripped the Bounty and burned it. Today, about 40 people live on Pitcairn Island, most of them are descendents of the mutineers.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/WilliamBligh.jpeg
William Bligh (1754-1817)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Habitantes_de_Pitcairn.jpg/180px-Habitantes_de_Pitcairn.jpg
Current residents of Pitcairn Island

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/ANMM-Bounty-3.jpg/300px-ANMM-Bounty-3.jpg
The Bounty has been replicated twice. One was commissioned by
MGM for use in filming the Marlon Brando feature in 1962 and most recently
saw use in the Pirates of the Caribbean franchise. It was scaled larger
than the original to accomodate 70mm cameras. The one pictured was built for
the 1984 Dino De Laurentis version of the Bounty story.

...in 1903, ten automobile manufacturers, including the familiar names of Cadillac, Thomas and Pope joined the Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers, known as the ALAM. The members paid royalties to George Seldon who owned patent No. 549,160 that described any hydrocarbon engine and self propelled road vehicle. Seldon was not a mechanic and never built a car. As you might guess, he was a lawyer, and after this date in 1903, had enough power to use his patent to build a monopoly over automobile production. The Duryea Brothers, Alexander Winton, Billy Durant (GM) and Ransom E. Olds all belonged to the ALAM. The most notable holdout was Henry Ford, and the ALAM sued him for patent infringement. It took until 1911, but Ford finally broke the patent when a court decided the patent covered a two-cycle engine that was no longer in production.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a6/George_b_selden_road-engine_549%2C160.png/250px-George_b_selden_road-engine_549%2C160.png
The Seldon Road Engine, source of all the headaches of
the early automobile industry.

...in 1945, Il Duce, Benito Mussolini and his mistress, Clara Petacci, were shot to death by Italian partisans who had been hunting the couple, capturing them as they tried to escape to Switzerland. Mussolini had led the fascist government of Italy during the war but was deposed as the allies began to race up the Italian peninsula. It was obvious that the Allies were going to win the war, and Mussolini knew that if he was captured by the British, the Americans or the Communists that he would be tried as a war criminal, so he decided to escape to a neutral country. He did not know that the border guards had switched sides, and he tried to pass himself off as a Luftwaffe officer. His disguise was actually comical, and partisans pulled him out of the line with Petacci. They were shot to death, their bodies were trucked to Milan where they were hung upside down on public display. Mussolini's fate influenced Adolph Hitler to commit suicide.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f5/Hitler_and_Mussolini_June_1940.jpg/180px-Hitler_and_Mussolini_June_1940.jpg
"His Excellency Benito Mussolini, Head of Government,
Duce of Fascism, and Founder of the Empire"
with Adolph Hitler.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 20 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1863, William Randolph Hearst was born in San Francisco. Hearst was the principal heir to a western mining magnate, George Hearst. George had made a fortune with investments in mines. William had no interest in mining, though and went off to Harvard. He became a fan of the New York World where he wound up being a reporter after Harvard threw him out. (The World was owned by Joseph Pulitzer.) Upon his return to San Francisco, Hearst convinced his father to put him in charge of the San Francisco Examiner, a paper that George purchased to back him in a failed attempt at the Senate. He began to get the best reporters and found success in giving his readers what they wanted - sensationalism, scandal and gossip. It was so successful that he began to buy up newspapers across the country. Like his father, he used the newspapers to back his politcal ambitions. He was elected to the House of Representatives from New York in 1902 and 1904 and he had ambitions for the presidency, but since he was unable to win the governorship of New York, party officials doubted his ability to be elected. He founded a third party, but even with all of his money, newpapers and influence, he was unable to fulfill his political ambitions. He moved back to California, acquired more newspapers and dug into the movie business. His mother died, leaving him the family ranch at San Simeon. Over the next six years, he built a castle on the site that, today, is a California State Park.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/William_Randolph_Hearst_cph_3a49373.jpg/170px-William_Randolph_Hearst_cph_3a49373.jpg
William Randolph Hearst

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ext_hearst_castle.jpg/250px-Ext_hearst_castle.jpg
Hearst Castle, San Simeon, California

...in 1945, Eva Braun got married. She was an assistant to and model for a photographer, but not just any photographer, Heinrich Hoffman, the official Nazi photographer. She was introduced to Adolph Hitler in 1929. 23 years younger than him, she became Hitler's mistress, but out of public view and little is known about their early relationship except that it began about 1931. Braun had no discernible influence over her lover. She remained loyal to the end, marrying him just hours before the two committed suicide, as the Russian army closed in on the city of Berlin, in their bunker, deep beneath the chancellory.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F051673-0059%2C_Adolf_Hitler_und_Eva_Braun_auf_dem_Berghof .jpg/225px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F051673-0059%2C_Adolf_Hitler_und_Eva_Braun_auf_dem_Berghof .jpg
Eva Braun and Adolph Hitler on
the veranda of the Berghof retreat.
Interesting that Ava Brown would
have a Scottish Terrier, as did FDR.

...in 1945, the 45th Division of the U.S. 7th Army liberated Dachau, the first concentration camp opened by the Nazi Party in 1933. In the early years, Dachau held political prisoners, mostly communists and opponents of the Nazi party. The population increased as the Nazis rounded up Jehovah's Witnesses, gypsies and homosexuals. In 1938, the Nazis began to inter Jews. The camp was a training center for concentration camp guards and was the model followed by other camps. Inmates were used for medical experiments, being injected with malaria and tuberculosis and treated with experimental drugs. Others were used to test methods of making sea water potable. Hundreds of inmates died from these experiments. Other were used as forced labor to make munitions. When prisoners became to weak to work or be useful as lab mice, they were transferred to an extermination center near Linz, Austria. As the Americans approached, many guards simply fled. The Americans found 30 rail cars full of bodies in various states of decomp. The camp contained more bodies and at least 30,000 living ghosts. The citizens of the town of Dachau were conscripted to bury the dead. At least 32,000 people died in the camp, even more were shipped out to extermination camps.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Dachau_never_again.jpg/250px-Dachau_never_again.jpg
"Never Again" in 5 languages.

...in 2004, the National World War II Memorial finally opened in Washington, D.C. to thousands of visitors. The memorial was long overdue for the Greatest Generation and the 16 million men and women who served in the war. The memorial is located on the former site of the Rainbow Pool on the National Mall, about halfway between the Lincoln and Washington Monuments. The federal government put up $16 million for the memorial fund, and private donations or more than $164 million made the memorial possible. Unfortunately, few of the 16 million veterans will ever see it. Only four million of them were still alive at the time of the dedication and 1,100 more veterans die every day. Roger Durbin of Berkley, Ohio proposed the memorial to Rep. Marcy Kapture who, in turn, sponsored a bill to build the memorial. The process took 17 years of red tape to be completed, Durbin passed away four years before its completion. Spokesmen for the memorial included Senator Bob Dole (who was severely injured in the war) and Tom Hanks. The memorial was dedicated by President George W. Bush. It is open 24 hours and receives over 4 million visitors each year.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Natww2.jpg
The WWII Memorial and Lincoln Memorial
from the top of the Washington Memorial.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/World_War_2_Memorial.jpg/200px-World_War_2_Memorial.jpg
Each of the 4,048 stars represent
100 Americans who died in the war.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/13/Wwiimemorial.jpg/280px-Wwiimemorial.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 60 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1789, George Washington was inaugurated as the first President of the United States in a ceremony in New York City. In February, all 69 electors chose Washington to be the first POTUS, in March the US Constitution went into effect and in April, Washington was inaugurated. He said, "I walk on untrodden ground. There is scarcely any part of my conduct which may not hereafter be drawn in precedent." In fact, he refused to run for a third term to prevent any appearance of being a president for life, a precident that was followed until Franklin Delano Roosevelt crushed it in 1940. Washington retired to Mount Vernon in 1797 and died just two years later. Henry Lee made the famous eulogy where he said that Washington was "First in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gilbert_Stuart_Williamstown_Portrait_of_George_Was hington.jpg/225px-Gilbert_Stuart_Williamstown_Portrait_of_George_Was hington.jpg
First POTUS, George Washington,
was inaugurated on this day in 1789.

...in 1976, South Viet Nam surrendered to North Viet Nam, bringing the long civil war to an end. North Vietnamese Col. Bui Tin accepted the surrender and said, "You have nothing to fear. Between Vietnamese there are no victors and no vanquished. Only the Americans have been beaten."

...in 1803, The Louisiana Purchase was completed between representatives of the United States and Napoleon Bonaparte's France. The French territory consisted of 828,800 square miles and was purchased at a cost of $15,000,000.00. The territory today encompasses portions of 14 states and 2 Canadian provinces and comprises about 23% of the United States. Napoleon needed the cash more than he needed the land. President Jefferson was uncomfortable with both Spain and France being within reach of blocking American access to New Orleans. Bonaparte was always uncomfortable with England. Upon completion of the Vente de la Louisiane, Napoleon said, "This accession of territory affirms forever the power of the United States, and I have given England a maritime rival who sooner or later will humble her pride." (The deal was brokered by Baring and Company of London. The original bill of sale was posted in the entrance hall at Baring's until 1995 when the bank collapsed. The document is now held by ING Group, the holders of Baring and Company.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/National-atlas-1970-1810-loupurchase-1.png
The United States in 1803 superimposed
over the modern US map.

...in 1925, Dodge Brothers, Inc., makers of the Dodge automobile, was sold to Dillon, Read & Company for $196 million ($50 million went to charity.) It was the largest single cash sale in the history of the US. Dodge still held a strong position in the marketplace on the Dodge Brothers reputation for quality and reliablilty. John and Horace Dodge, founders of the company, were also initial investors in the Ford Motor Company in 1903, their machine shop supplying axles and transmissions to the ledgling company. In 1914, they began to build their own automobiles, and in 1919, they sold their stock in Ford and became multi-millonaires. They both died unexpectedly in 1920, but the family knew nothing about running an automobile company and sold the operation. Walter P. Chrylser would buy the company in 1928 for $166 million and make it into a key component of the Chrysler Corporation.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Celebrities/79073f30.jpg
John and Horace Dodge in a 1914 Dodge Brothers Tourer.

...in 1939, the New York World's Fair opened to great fanfare, including President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and New York Governor Herbert Lehman making speeches on television.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/1939fairhelicline.jpg/275px-1939fairhelicline.jpg
The most lasting image of the fair was called the
Tryon, Perisphere and Helicline.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/PRR_S1.jpg/180px-PRR_S1.jpg
The Pennsylvania Railroad ran the PRR-1, a
streamlined steam loco continuously at 60 mph, on a
dynomometer, when the fair was open.

...in 1945, holed up in Der Führerbunker (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BChrerbunker) in Berlin, Adoph Hitler and Eva Braun committed suicide rather than surrender to the Russian army that was sweeping into Berlin. Not long after, Germany surrendered to the Allies. It was the end of the Third and "One Thousand Year Reich." While the German Wehrmacht had swept through Europe in the early days of Hitler's "Blitzkrieg" or Lightning War, by 1943, it was clear that the war was going to be lost. The German army suffered a horrendous loss at the Battle of Stalingrad in February and in 1944, the successful Allied landing in Normandy began to chase the German army back to Berlin. It was already obvious the war was lost, and several of Hitler's staff conspired to assassinate him. As luck would have it, Hitler dodged the attempt and executed over 4,000 countrymen in reprisal. With the Soviet army about to enter Berlin, Hitler and Braun took poison and Hitler shot himself in the head with his sidearm. The two bodies were hastily cremated. The story, or legend anyway, is that the Soviet army collected the ashes and moved them around for years to prevent any kind of memorial being built on Hitler's grave. No one is really sure where those ashes are, and there is some speculation the ashes are not those of Hitler, anyway. On May 8, 1945, Germany unconditionally surrendered to be carved up by the Allied parties, and as World War II drew to a close in Europe, a cold war began that would last for over 4 decades. (Bernd Freytag von Loringhoven escaped from the bunker after discussing two possible escape routes. The one he chose was approved by Hitler himself, but von Loringhoven was captured by the British. The possibility of Hitler escaping the bunker seems very remote.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-V04744%2C_Berlin%2C_Garten_der_zerst%C3%B6rte_Reic hskanzlei.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-V04744%2C_Berlin%2C_Garten_der_zerst%C3%B6rte_Reic hskanzlei.jpg
The entrance to Der Führerbunker at the conclusion of the war and...

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-M1204-319%2C_Berlin%2C_Reichskanzlei%2C_gesprengter_F%C3 %BChrerbunker.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-M1204-319%2C_Berlin%2C_Reichskanzlei%2C_gesprengter_F%C3 %BChrerbunker.jpg
...after the Soviets got done with it in 1947.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 52 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1960, pilot Francis Gary Powers was shot down over the Soviet Union. He was flying a U-2 spy plane that was thought to be out of range of Soviet anti-aircraft missiles. The U-2 was a technological marvel, a product of the "skunk works," a black bag organization at Lockheed that developed highly secret aircraft. The U-2 was able to cruise at 70,000 feet, and coupled with high altitude cameras that used superb optics, the U-2 was an ideal intelligence collector. No one outside of the air force and CIA was even aware of the plane until Powers was shot down. He was supposed to have taken a cyanide capsule and destroyed the airplane, but for some reason, he was not able to do so. The CIA assured President Dwight Eisenhower that the plane would self destruct and Powers would kill himself. Based on that info, the president issued a statement that a weather airplane had strayed off course and crashed in the Soviet Union. The Soviets captured Powers very much alive along with the nearly intact debris of his plane. It was very embarrassing to President Eisenhower and derailed peace talks that had been scheduled between Eisenhower and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev. Powers was released in 1962 in a prisoner exchange. The U-2 program continued after the incident, in fact, variations of the U-2 are still in use. It was a U-2 that took photographs of Soviet missiles in Cuba that launched the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1963.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Usaf.u2.750pix.jpg/300px-Usaf.u2.750pix.jpg
Lockheed U-2R in flgiht

...in 1963, James Whittaker of Redmond, Washington climbed Mount Everest, the first American to reach the summit of the tallest mountain in the world. At 29,028 feet above sea level, the mountain is called Chomo-Lungma (Mother Goddess of the Land) but was named in England for the 19th Century surveyor of the mountain range. The first successful ascent of the peak was by Edmund Hillary of New Zealand, who was later knighted for the feat.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Everest_kalapatthar_crop.jpg/285px-Everest_kalapatthar_crop.jpg
Mount Everest

...in 1931, the Empire State Building was dedicated in New York City, with President Herbert Hoover pushing a button in Washtington, D.C. to light the building. It was the world's tallest building at the time, and for many years afterward. (After the collapse of the WTC on 9/11/2001, it became the tallest building in New York again.) The Art Deco spire was supposed to be a dirigible mooring point, until someone figured out that disembarking passengers 102 stories above New York wasn't such a bright idea. Today, the spire is a broadcast antenna. On July 28, 1945 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index259.html#post515503), a B-25 Mitchell bomber flew into the building. Through its storied history, it remains the icon that means "New York City."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Empire_State_Building_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/250px-Empire_State_Building_by_David_Shankbone.jpg

...in 1941, Orson Welles released his masterpiece, Citizen Kane at the RKO Palace in New York. The film was under fire from William Randolph Hearst who tried in vain to supress the film. It was generally thought that Kane was the story of Hearst. He did not allow any of his newspapers to carry advertising for the movie. Welles was born in Kenosha, Wisconsin and grew up in Chicago. He was well versed in Shakespeare by the time he got to high school. He took up acting in Europe but was unable to land any work in the United States, so he returned to Europe. When he returned again, he landed the role of Tybalt in Romeo and Juliet which led to more work. In 1937, he founded the Mercury Theater with John Houseman and in 1938, the Mercury Theater's radio broadcast of The War of the Worlds was so realistic than many people thought Martians had, in fact, invaded New Jersey. Citizen Kane was made when Welles was only 25, it did not make any money. However, the lighting and camera angles were so different from anything before that it set a pace for Film Noir and earned the top spot on the American Film Institute's 1998 list of America's best films. Well, what do you think of that, Rosebud?

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f9/Kanepremiere.jpg/180px-Kanepremiere.jpg
The Premier in 1941

...in 1967, Elvis Presley married 21 year old Priscilla Beaulieu. (She was days shy of her 22nd birthday.) They met in 1959, when he was serving in Germany and the 14 year old's father was serving in the Air Force. With her father's permission, she moved into Graceland in 1960 and under the eye of Elvis' father, attended Immaculate Conception High School in Memphis. Elvis and Priscilla married in 1967, daughter Lisa Marie was born in February 1968. Elvis and Priscilla would divorce in 1973, and when Elvis died in 1977, he left his entire estate to Lisa Marie.

...in 1893, the Columbian Exposition opened in Chicago. The World's Fair was to commemorate the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World, albeit almost three months late. Known as The White City for the white color of the temporary buildings and the massive number of electric lights, the fair was a huge success. The buildings were all temporary and not designed to last. One does survive, though, the Palace of Fine Arts is today the Museum of Science and Industry. The fair was where Pabst Beer won the famous blue ribbon and there were many notable firsts, including Cracker Jack, the Ferris wheel, Juicy Fruit gum, Quaker Oats and Cream of Wheat, Shredded Wheat, Aunt Jemima pancake mix, hamburgers, Milton Hershey bought chocoate making equipment to add to his caramel business, the term :midway" was first used to describe that area of a carnival or fair, a Middle Eastern music group performed with a dancer named "Little Egypt," and Chicago earned its nickname of The Windy City because of the unending wind of politicians that promoted the fair out east. The midway earned its name because it was along a boulevard known as the Midway Plaisance. For many years, the Midway Plaisance was the southern border of the University of Chicago and the football team, the Maroons, was known as "The Monsters of the Midway," a term later applied to the NFL Bears. The fame of the Midway also lent itself to business names in Chicago, including a game company, still in business, famous for pinball machines and today for video games.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Chicago_World%27s_Columbian_Exposition_1893.jpg/400px-Chicago_World%27s_Columbian_Exposition_1893.jpg

Sidebar: Eric Larson's excellent book, Devil in the White City (http://www.randomhouse.com/crown/devilinthewhitecity/about.html) documents the fair along with the exploits of a heinous serial killer that operated near the fair. There is also an excellent documentary about the fair, entitled Expo: Magic of the White City (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expo:_Magic_of_the_White_City) narrated by Gene Wilder. I highly recommend both.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e6/Expocover.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 26 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1933, the modern legend of the Loch Ness Monster was born. Actually, the legend of Nessie goes back about 1500 years with the earliest reference being from about 500 A.D. when images of the creature were carved into stones around the Loch. About 565, Saint Columba, the Irish Missionary who brought Christianity to Scotland, wrote about a large creature that was killing people in the Loch. Saint Columba commanded that the creature retreat, in the name of God, and Nessie has not killed anyone since. Well, so goes the legend, anyway. In 1933, the Inverness Courier reported that a local couple had seen the monster (the word was chosen by the editor of the Courier) and the Loch Ness Monster being a celebrity. Loch Ness is the largest body of freshwater in the British Isles. It is very deep and very murky, visibility at depth is nill. Sonar and other tests are constantly in use to capture Nessie, but she remains elusive. (Nessie has her own website, which you can visit: Legend of Nessie (http://www.nessie.co.uk/).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/Lochnessmonster.jpg/180px-Lochnessmonster.jpg
The "Surgeon's Photo" of Nessie, the enduring image of
Nessie, was published in 1934. It was proven a hoax in 1994.

...in 1918, General Motors acquired the Chevrolet Motor Company. It was actually a power play by GM founder, Billy Durant. Durant had been forced out of his control of GM in 1910 when shareholders were upset with is expansionist policies. Durant aligned himself with race driver, Louis Chevrolet, to build economical cars to compete with the market's most dominant automobile, the Ford Model T. Durant offered GM stockholders a five-for-one deal, and with the success of Chevrolet, it was too good of an offer to pass up. As a result of the deal, Durant regained control of GM, which he would hold until the 1920s.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Louis_Chevrolet_in_a_Buick_s055205.jpg/250px-Louis_Chevrolet_in_a_Buick_s055205.jpg
Louis Chevrolet in a Buick racer, taken in
Crown Point, Indiana in 1909

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Louischevroletbig.jpg/250px-Louischevroletbig.jpg
Louis Chevrolet Memorial at Indianapolis. He raced
four times at Indy, his best finish was 7th place. His
younger brother, Gaston, won the Indy 500 in 1920 in
a car that Louis built.


...in 1939, Henry Louis "Lou" Gehrig ended his record streak of 2,130 games. He benched himself for his poor play, which was caused by anyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) now more commonly known as Lou Gehrig's Desease. He never played again. Born Ludwig Heinrich Gehrig, he was a college star who signed with the Yankees in 1923 but never played until 1925. He stepped in at first base when the first baseman, Wally Pipp,, benched himself with a headache. He never set foot on the field again, as Gehrig played in 2,130 consecutive games over 13 years. To this day, when one is replaced for good, he is said to have been "Wally Pipped." On July 4, 1939, the Yankees hosted Lou Gehrig Day at Yankee Stadium. Over 60,000 fans and old teammates were there to honor him. After remarks by Babe Ruth, in part of his speech, he told Yankee fans that "Today, I consider myself the luckiest man on the face of the earth." He died on June 2, 1941.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gehrig_cropped.jpg/200px-Gehrig_cropped.jpg
Lou Gehrig (1903-1941)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

Due to technical difficulties beyond my control, the Morning Update is going on hiatus. No further information is available at this time.

[nana45]

Hopefully not for long! We'll miss you and the Update until then.

Colorado news: Deputies and SAR volunteers searched a field near where Paige's car was found all day today and may be continuing tomorrow. No call to family members from the Sheriff's department. Thanks to the media, we have an idea of what was going on.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

As nana45 pointed out, the Sheriff's Department in Mesa County is doing an extensive search for evidence in a field not far from where Paige's car was found burning almost four years ago.

The Sheriff's Department is being tight-lipped about it, only to say that it is part of the ongoing investigation into Paige's disappearance, coming up in its fourth anniversary.

It figures - just as my laptop dies, the cold case heats up.

Link: Search on for Evidence in Birgfeld Case (http://www.gjsentinel.com/breaking/articles/sheriff-search-on-for-evidence-in-birgfeld-case/) Grand Junction Sentinel, written by our old friend, Paul Shockley.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There was a major new development in Paige's case over the last few days.

It seems that bone fragments were found in a field, near the location of the fire that consumed Paige's car, that was being searched yesterday and the day before. Yes, the field was searched four years ago, but remember, at that time they were looking for Paige, perhaps expecting to find a body, and fragments probably not on anyone's radar screen.

According to media reports, the bone fragments are likely animal remains. A brown leather shoe was also found and taken into evidence, along with several items of clothing, none of which seem to match the search criteria for Paige.

The deputy coroner also reported that sometimes shallow graves are "salted" with animal remains, near the surface, to throw off searchers from the real grave further down, however, no such grave seems to have been found.

Media Reports:

Missing woman search resumes (http://www.gjsentinel.com/news/articles/missing_woman_search_resumes/) - Link: GJ Sentinel (http://www.gjsentinel.com/news/articles/missing_woman_search_resumes/), byline is our old friend, Paul Shockley.

Search For Evidence Underway In Paige Birgfeld Case (http://www.kjct8.com/news/27773644/detail.html) KJCT News 8, including a video report.

UPDATED: Officials wrap up field search in Birgfeld case (http://www.nbc11news.com/home/headlines/Officials_searching_field_in_connection_to_Birgfel d_case_121260489.html?storySection=comments) - KKCO News 11 report with video.

KKCO had a comments section. Be warned, comments sections tend to bring out crackpots and holier-than-thou types, and the morons are out in force.

KKCO also reports that the Sheriff has other leads and this search will likely be repeated in other locations.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 16 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1937, the dirigible Hindenburg burst into flames when it touched its mooring mast in Lakehurst, New Jersey. 36 passengers and crew members perished in the fire. The Hindenburg was the largest dirigible ever built and the pride of the Nazi airship fleet. The first lighter-than-air ship was built in France by Henri Giffard in 1852. The Germans developed a rigid airframe ship, often called a zeppelin after its inventor, Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin. The German zeppelin was lighter than the French airships but used hydrogen, a highly explosive gas. The Graf Zeppelin began passenger service in 1929 and flew around the world, inspiring the construction of the Hindenburg, larger than the Graf Zeppelin. The exact cause of the disaster is unknown, but it is assumed that a static spark ignited the hydrogen. Newscaster Herb Morrison was in Lakehurst for a newsreel voiceover when the disaster occurred. His description was rushed to New York to be a part of the first nationwide news broadcasts. You can watch the crash and hear Morrison's description here on You Tube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pUVDmXvXcbk&feature=related).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Hindenburg_burning.jpg/260px-Hindenburg_burning.jpg
The Hindenburg Crash

...in 1928, Walter P. Chrysler introduced the DeSoto as a new brand. It was a six cylinder automobile, strategically placed between the Chrysler 8 and the Dodge 4 cylinder models. It offered several features never offered in a low price automobile before. DeSoto sold 80,000 cars in its first year. In 1934, the revolutionary Airflow changed the design of automobiles. The obvious feature was the streamlining, although the design remains controversial to this day. The engine was moved over the front axle for the first time, allowing the rear seat to be located further forward and ahead of the rear axle. Most rear seats were over the rear axle, and moving the seat forward made a much more comfortable ride for rear seat passengers. The Airflow also utilized smaller wheels with larger tires, also softening the ride. The last DeSoto was produced in 1960, at the end of the late 50s design fascination with huge fins, of which DeSoto was a master of excess.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/%2729_DeSoto_%28Auto_classique%29.JPG/180px-%2729_DeSoto_%28Auto_classique%29.JPGhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1a/DeSoto1961.jpg/250px-DeSoto1961.jpg
The Alpha (1929) and Omega (1961) of the DeSoto family of cars.

http://oldcarandtruckpictures.com/Airflow/1934_DeSoto_Airflow_Coach.jpg
The ground-breaking 1934 DeSoto Airflow

...in 1954, medical student Roger Bannister became the first person to run the mile in under four minutes. He ran the mile in 3:59.4, which was promptly broken by Australian John Landy who beat Bannister's time by less than one second. The press instantly labeled the two as rivals, and they happened to meet at the British Empire Games in Vancouver, BC. Landy led the entire race, but Bannister out-sprinted him to the finish line, beating Landy 3:58.6 to 3:58.8. Bannister went on to finish his medical studies. Dr. Bannister was knighted in 1975. Sir Roger Bannister served as the director of the Nation Hospital for Nervous Diseases in London.

http://www.achievement.org/achievers/ban0/headers/ban0_image.gif

...in 1933, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt began to brew his alphabet soup of federal agencies with the creation of the Works Progress Administration. The WPA was just one of FDR's make-work agencies. At the height of the Great Depression, FDR wanted to distribute funds to Americans but he felt it was better if people would work rather than accept handouts. The Civil Works Administration (CWA) was created in 1933 but ceased operation in 1934 because of great opposition. However, other agencies included the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) the National Recovery Administration (NRA) and the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA.) There was no end to the alphabet soup, as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) came into being, as did the Federal Housing Authority (FHA) the Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) the Public Works Administration (PWA) the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Rural Electrification Administration (REA) and the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB.) The Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) paid farmers to not grow crops. Critics of the largest agency, the WPA, had several entertaining names for it. Projects often crawled to a stop as foremen had no power to fire anyone, so the agency became known as We Poke Along, We Piddle Along, or the Whistle Piss and Argue gang. Harper Lee wrote in To Kill a Mockingbird[/] that Bob Ewell was "the only person fired from the WPA for laziness." Much of FDR's alphabet soup is still with us, like the SSA or Social Security Act.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f4/Usa-wpa-graphic.jpg/180px-Usa-wpa-graphic.jpg

[I]That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

KKCO News 11, the GJ NBC affiliate, reported yesterday that a driver found bones in a remote area of Utah, not far from a location where bones were found several years ago. DNA testing has been completed on the remains, which KKCO says are human, but the DNA is not connected to any active Utah investigations. The Mesa County Sheriff's Department also says the DNA is not connected to any open investigations, in other words, the remains are not those of Paige.

KKCO further reported on the renewed search by the MCSD on the open field, the same report everyone else has been making.

Link: Searchers back at field for Birgfeld evidence (http://www.nbc11news.com/news/headlines/Searchers_back_at_field_for_Birgfeld_evidence_1213 98404.html?ref=404), KKCO News 11.

The MCSD was back in the field searching today, according to Paul Shockley in the GJ Sentinel. He says the search was suspended at 11:45AM. Four bones, found during a search on Wednesday, are thought to be animal bones.

Link: Investigators out again today in Birgfeld evidence search (http://www.gjsentinel.com/breaking/articles/investigators-out-again-today-in-birgfeld-evidence-search/)

Paul Lohr, who writes for the Discovery blog, has always shown a disturbing fascination with Paige's double life in everything he's written about her, including today's post. Arizona Investigators Renew Search for Paige Birgfeld (http://blogs.discovery.com/criminal_report/2011/05/arizona-investigators-renew-search-for-paige-birgfeld-1.html). Of course, Grand Junction is in Colorado, but what's a couple of states when you're enthralled with a missing woman who lead a double life?

The CBS affiliate weighed in this evening:

Police search 2nd day for missing Colo. woman (http://www.noco5.com/Global/story.asp?S=14589707)

It's an AP report, nothing in it we don't already know.

Meanwhile, in news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 46 candles as of this post. There were over 60 lit at one time yesterday, but remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1789, President George Washington attended a ball in New York City, given in his honor, to commemorate his inauguration on April 30. It started a tradition that continues today, although it has grown considerably. Martha Washington was unable to attend, she was back in Mount Vernon, tending to business affairs. President Washington arrived with other statesmen and their wives. It is reported that he danced with many of the New York socialites and the wives and daughters of visiting dignitaries. Eliza Hamilton, wife of Alexander, wrote in her memoirs that President Washington seemed to prefer the minuet, a dance, she said, "...suited to his dignity and gravity." John Adams and Thomas Jefferson held informal gatherings but Dolly Madison, ever the showy type, threw a formal ball for 400 guests and the precedent was set. In 1957, President Eisenhower had 15 balls to attend and today, inaugurated presidents make whirlwind tours of the many balls held in Washington on January 20 every four years. The record, not surprisingly, is held by Bill Clinton who attended 15 inaugural balls in 1997.

...in 1915, a German U-boat sank the British luxury liner Lusitania causing the deaths of 1,198 of 1,959 passengers, 128 of them Americans. In 1914, when the War to End All Wars had broken out, the United States declared and maintained neutrality. Great Britain, however, was a close American ally and was under great strain. In March of 1915, a German cruiser sank the William P. Frye, a private American vessel carrying grain to England. President Woodrow Wilson was outraged. The Germans apologized. In August 1916, the Germans promised to look after passengers, but in November, a U-boat sank an Italian liner, killing 272 people, including 27 Americans. The tide of public opinion was turning against the Germans, and in January 1917, the Germans announced the return of unrestricted warfare. The United States broke off diplomatic relations and hours later, a U-boat sank the Housatonic, luckily, all Americans were rescued by a British steamer. In February 1917, British intelligence officers intercepted a communique that has become known as the Zimmerman Note. In it, Germany asked Mexico to enter the war as an ally and in return, Germany would restore Texas, New Mexico and Arizona to Mexico. The memo was published, galvanizing Americans against Germany. In March, the Germans sank four more American ships and on April 4, the Senate voted 82-6 to declare war, on April 5, the House voted 373 to 50, and America formally entered the war. It took awhile for General "Black Jack" Pershing to get to Europe, but the American entry into the war turned the tide and sealed Germany's fate.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e8/Lusitania_1907.jpg/250px-Lusitania_1907.jpg

...in 1896, one of the most heinous serial killers of all time was hanged in Philadelphia. Although his exploits occurred about the same time as Jack the Ripper, few people know about the Arch Fiend, Dr H.H. Holmes. Herman Mudgett was born in New Hampshire and began torturing animals as a child. He attended the University of Michigan and graduated with a medical degree. Dr. Holmes moved to Chicago in 1886 and began work as a pharmacist for Dr. E.S. Holton's pharmacy on the south side. He bought the pharmacy from the widow after the owner's death. She mysteriously disappeared afterward, with Dr. Holmes explaining that the grieving widow took her new found wealth and took an extended vacation in California. The experienced confidence man then played a number of cons to raise enough funds to build a mansion across the street from the pharmacy. The place was called "The Castle" by locals and he hired and fired numerous contractors over the course of construction, so that no one would know the building's secrets. It was laced with secret passages, fake walls, trap doors, shafts to the basement, rooms with doors that only opened from the outside, doors that opened to brick walls, a gas tank with pipes set into bedrooms and an elaborate dissection laboratory in the basement. He had controls built into his bedroom that allowed him to fill any of the bedrooms with gas. Holmes built a vault in his office in which he would lock victims, listening to them scream then suffocate He opened The Mansion to out of town guests who came to attend the Columbian Exposition, just blocks away from his "hotel." People who rented rooms from him, especially attractive young women, began to disappear. He financed much of his exploits by selling organs and skeletons to medical schools but no one ever seemed to think to ask him how he came by his anatomy cadavers. He had two crematorium furnaces, acid baths and a lime pit as ways of disposing of his victim's bodies. He also performed illegal abortions in an operating room where many patients died, their bodies disposed of in his usual fashion. After the Columbian Exposition closed and the economy slowed, Holmes found himself short of cash. With creditors and the authorities closing in, Holmes fled for Texas. He was about to construct a new castle when he decided the law enforcement community in Texas was not to his liking. He traveled the country, leaving a trail of bodies and finally, the Pinkertons captured him in Boston on a Philadelphia warrant. About the same time, authorities closed in on the Chicago castle and found the grizzly remains of many unidentifiable bodies. His story is told in the Erik Larson book, Devil in the White City which tells the juxtaposed stories of the grandiose 1893 Columbian Exposition and the exploits of Dr. Holmes. I highly recommend the book, which is available from libraries, Amazon (http://www.amazon.com/Devil-White-City-Madness-Changed/dp/0375725601/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241450615&sr=1-1) and other retailers. (He took his name, ironically, from a famous detective novel. While he admitted to 27 murders, it is more likely that his body total is in the hundreds. Over 100 murders can be linked to him and some estimates range as high as 230. It could even be higher but no one really knows. The Castle mysteriously burned to the ground and today, the site is occupied by a post office - make up your own joke.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/H.H.Holmes.gif
Would you rent a room from this man?
It wasn't a very good idea to do so.

http://g-ecx.images-amazon.com/images/G/01/ciu/25/9b/1e40793509a0bdfc3b393110.L.jpg (http://www.amazon.com/Devil-White-City-Madness-Changed/dp/0375725601/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241450615&sr=1-1)

(Cont'd in next post)

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

...in 1945, Germany signed the unconditional surrender papers in Reims, France. General Alfred Jodl, on behalf of Germany, was reluctent to sign. He wanted the surrender to apply only to the fighting with the Western Allies. General Eisenhower declined, demanding total and unconditional surrender. Eisenhower did not want troops fighting in the east to flee to the west in order to surrender. Jodl contacted Admiral Karl Donitz in Berlin, who had taken over for Hitler. Donitz ordered him to sign, and he did. Russian general Ivan Susloparov witnessed the signing but did not sign the surrender himself. He was immediately whisked away by the Soviet secret police, never to be heard from again. Jodl was wounded in the attempt on Hitler's life but he was found guilty of war crimes at Nuremburg and hanged on October 16, 1946. He was posthumously pardoned in 1953 after a German appeals court found him not guilty of breaking international law.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1971-033-01%2C_Alfred_Jodl.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1971-033-01%2C_Alfred_Jodl.jpg
General Alfred Jodl (1899-1946) the signer of
Germany's unconditional surrender in 1945.

That's it. That's all we know as of 2:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. Apparently, the search of the field that is located adjacent to the site where Paige's car was found burning, has been suspended for the weekend. Watch here for new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 71 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1919, an Australian journalist, living in London, wrote a letter to the London Evening Times suggesting that the first anniversary of the armistice that ended the World War be commemorated by several moments of silence. Edward George Honey had served the British army for a short time until an injury caused his release. He was concerned with the celebrations that followed the end of the war, and he thought a silent commemoration was much more appropriate, in memory of the many who served and suffered. He wrote, “Five little minutes only. Five silent minutes of national remembrance. A very sacred intercession. Communion with the Glorious Dead who won us peace, and from the communion new strength, hope and faith in the morrow. Church services, too, if you will, but in the street, the home, the theatre, anywhere, indeed, where Englishmen and their women chance to be, surely in this five minutes of bitter-sweet silence there will be service enough." It did not bring about change, however, Sir Henry Fitzpatrick heard a similar proposal that he took to King George V, who made a proclamation on November 17th that said “...at the hour when the Armistice came into force, the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month, there may be for the brief space of two minutes a complete suspension of all our normal activities, so that in perfect stillness, the thoughts of everyone may be concentrated on reverent remembrance of the glorious dead." It is a tradition that is still honored in much of the former British Empire. (Sadly, not so in the United States. Here it is called Veterans Day and does not seem to share the same reverence here as Armistice Day in Great Britain. A similar national day of mourning is observed in Germany. Called "Volkstrauertag" it is observed two Sundays before Advent, close to Armistice Day but not on the same day.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9f/Westminsterabbeypoppies.jpg/180px-Westminsterabbeypoppies.jpg
The Poppy is the official flower of memorials to the World War.
The protracted Battle of Ypres in 1915 killed over a half a million
soldiers and inspired Dr. John McCrae to write a poem entitled
In Flanders Fields "...though poppies grow In Flanders Fields." (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-july-31-2008-a-41661/)

...in 1984, the Soviet Union cited fears for its athletes, in an environment it considered hostile and anti-communist, and announced it was boycotting the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles. Andrew Carnegie once said, "Everyone has two reasons for doing something, one that sounds good and the real reason." The communists stated the one that sounded good, but the real reason was likely in retribution for American aid to Muslim rebels fighting Russia in Afghanistan and as payback for Jimmy Carter's boycott of the 1980 Olympics in Moscow. Other Soviet Bloc countries followed suit, leaving the Olympics without the best athletes from the communist countries, except for one. China did participate, their first Olympics since 1952.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a1/SamOlyEagle1.png
Sam the Olympic Eagle
was the mascot of the 1984
Los Angeles Olympic Games.

...in 1910, Schmuel Gelbfisz from Warsaw, a clothing salesman using the Anglicized name, Sam Goldfish, married Blanche Lasky, the sister of a Vaudeville performer and producer Jesse L. Lasky. In 1913, they started the Jesse L. Lasky Feature Play Company and became a production company in the early days of the movie industry. They teamed up with a young director named Cecil B. DeMille along with Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford. Goldfish became disillusioned, left the company and divorced Blanche. Sam Goldfish would partner with Edgar and Archibald Selwyn, and combine their names to found the Goldwyn Pictures Corporation, and later change his name to match the studio's.

http://www.cobbles.com/simpp_archive/images/fair-pick-gold.jpg
Douglas Fairbanks, Mary Pickford and
Sam Goldwyn before he left to go independent.

But meanwhile, back at Jesse L. Lasky Feature Play Company...

...in 1914, H.H. Hodkinson created a film financing and distribution company called Paramount Pictures. Hodkinson started as a film distributor in Ogden, Utah and became the largest film distributor on the west coast. Jesse L. Lasky Feature Play Company acquired Famous Pictures (another studio) and Paramount acquired Famous Players - Lasky Corporation to become the dominant film company in the industry. Today, it is the oldest film company in Hollywood.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/94/ParamountLogo1930s.JPG
The Paramount logo is the only one still in
use. The original logo had 24 stars as Paramount
had 24 stars under contract. It now has 22 stars.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

While there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. perhaps today will be the day that the vital clue is found that will solve this mystery. Otherwise, no news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 50 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson issued a proclamation that established Mother's Day. The concept of Mother's Day is credited (by some) to Julia Ward Howe by suggesting a day of peace. Mother's Day was celebrated in numerous locations in 1911 but it was not until 1914 that President Wilson declared the second Sunday in May to officially be "Mother's Day." Wilson said it was a holiday that offered a chance to express our love and reverence for mothers.

...in 1973, Johnny Bench, All-Star catcher (Cincinnati Reds) and future Hall of Fame member, hit three home runs, in one game, off All-Star pitcher and future Hall of Fame member Steve Carlton (Philadelphia Phillies.) Bench had hit a home run in his last at bat the night before, so he actually hit four home runs in four consecutive at-bats, tying a major league record. It wasn't the first time Bench hit three home runs in a game, and this is the amazing thing - he hit three home runs one season earlier, to the day, off the pitching of Steve Carlton. What makes Bench's accomplishment more remarkable is that Carlton was a devastating pitcher, second only to Warren Spahn in left handed career victories. Willie Stargell said, "Hitting him [Carlton] is like trying to drink coffee with a fork." Bench was an equally devastating hitter.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Sports/carlton01.jpg http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Sports/0606johnny_bench.jpg
Carlton vs. Bench
A Classic pitcher vs. hitter duel.

...in 1945, the Seventh Army, in Bavaria, captured Herman Göring, the commander of the Luftwaffe, head of the Gestapo, prime minister of Prussia and designated successor to Hitler. He was a early supporter of Hitler and participated in the failed Beer Hall Putsch in 1923, in fact, he was wounded in the Putsch. He became dependent upon painkillers as the wound healed. Göring was instrumental in the creation of concentration camps and ordered purging of Jews after the Kristallnacht progrom in 1938. In a memo to Reinhard Heydrich (the Obergruppenfüher of the SS and Gestapo) Göring said, "submit to me as soon as possible a general plan of the administrative material and financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired final solution of the Jewish question." The loss of the Battle of Britain and his drug addiction aided his fall from grace in the Nazi party, along with his colossal ego. When he was captured, he had a huge supply of drugs. He was committed of war crimes at Nuremburg and was sentenced to death by hanging. Before he could be executed, however, he committed suicide by taking a cyanide pill that he had concealed from his captors.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2c/Goering1932.jpg/225px-Goering1932.jpg
Would you buy a used car
from this man?

...in 1960, the FDA approved the world's first oral contraceptive. Enovid-10, made by the Searle Company, became known as "The Pill" and set off a firestorm of controversy while providing women with a much more practical contraceptive than had been previously available. In the 1930s, scientists had discovered that high doses of androgens, estrogens or progesterone inhibited ovulation, and could be found in steroid hormones extracted from animals. The cost of these animal extracts, from Europe, was impractically high. Russell Marker, at Penn State, synthesized progesterone from sarsaparilla but that was also too expensive. Marker then synthesized progesterone from the inedible Mexican yam but was unable to convince his sponsor, Parke-Davis, that there was a market for the produce. He left Penn State and co-founded a company in Mexico City. They broke the European monopoly on steroid hormones, reducing the price 200 times. In 1951, suffragist Margaret Sanger coordinated funding of research. It was found that small doses given to infertile women increased pregnancies and that larger doses blocked ovulation. In 1954, clinical tests began. In 1957, the FDA approved Enovid-10 as a treatment for menstrual disorders. On May 9, 1960, the FDA announced it would approve the product as a contraceptive. Just the same, it took until 1965 to make the drug available to all women in all states and until 1972 to make it available to unmarried women in all states.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Pilule_contraceptive.jpg/200px-Pilule_contraceptive.jpg
Look familiar to any of you?

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 34 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1869, at Promontory Summit, Utah, the two railroads that formed the transcontinental railroad met to drive the ceremonial last spike. The need for a better way to the west coast was more than obvious. The only way west (or back east, for that matter) was by long and arduous wagon train, the hard-seated and terribly uncomfortable stage coach, or by ship, aound the storm-tossed horn of South America, a risky venture all by itself. In 1853, perhaps influenced by the Gold Rush of '49 (who knows for sure?) Congress appropriated funds to survey potential routes of a transcontinental railroad. The actual building was put on hold due to the Civil War but iIn 1862, Congress offered land grants and extra money to the two companies that would build the road - the Union Pacific and Central Pacific. Incentives were offered by trackage laid. The rush was on, but the Union Pacific had the easier route from Omaha to the west, across the relatively flat lands of Nebraska and Wyoming while the Central Pacific was forced to lay rails across the Sierra Nevada. Once the Central Pacific had crossed Donner Pass, the race was on. In fact, the two lines missed each other and a final meeting place had to be renegotiated. The conditions were miserable. Swealtering heat of Summer, miserably cold and snowy winters, Indian raids, the lawless western towns all contributed to making the life of a railroad man less than romantic. The mostly Chinese work crews of the Central Pacific faced even worse conditions, carving a right-of-way across sheer mountain faces, all with hand tools, picks and shovels. It was not unusual for hundreds or workers to perish in a landslide, many of the Chinese bodies later found with their hands tightly grasping their shovels. (The "China Wall," named in honor of the builders, is still visible in Donner Pass, even though the tracks have long since been abandoned.) The railroad was completed ahead of schedule and under budget. Once the railroad opened the west, the growth rate of the United States was incredibly fast, due to the ease and speed of the trains that carried America west.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/Lincoln%20Highway/aims_monument.jpg
The Ames Brothers were financiers who made
the UPRR possible. The track went right past this
pyramid, known as the Ames Monument, until the
track moved several miles south. The monument is still
there, but it is well off the beaten path near
Cheyene, Wyoming.

http://www.geol.ucsb.edu/faculty/sylvester/WALLS/WALLS-Images/ChinaWall3.jpg
The China Wall was hand-built to carry the Central Pacific through
Donner Pass. A commemorative plaque is mounted on the wall.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/1869-Golden_Spike.jpg/300px-1869-Golden_Spike.jpg
The meeting of the UP No. 119 and CP No. 60 at
Promontory Summit. The tracks were used for 35 years
until a bridge was built across the Great Salt Lake. The
rails were removed during WWII for the steel.

http://www.nps.gov/gosp/supportyourpark/images/Champagne_Photo_007.JPG
A 1-1/2 mile section of track was built there in 1969 to commemorate the
centennial, and the two locomotives were faithfully reproduced. That's about
all that is there today, maintained by the National Park Service (http://www.nps.gov/gosp/). Incidentally, the
meeting was at Promontory SUMMIT and not at Promontory POINT as it is
often mistakenly called.

...in 1877, President Rutherford B. Hayes had the first telephone installed in the White House. Telephoney was in its infancy and there weren't even any exchanges yet. (It would take another 50 years for Herbert Hoover to install the first phone in the Oval Office.) The White House phone number in 1877 was "1."

...in 1841, racing pioneer James Gordon Bennett Jr. (publisher of the New York Herald) sponsored the Gordon Bennett Cup Races in France that were run between 1900 and 1905. He laid down a set of rules that included weight restrictions and the rule than a car had to have all of its parts manufactured in its country of origin. In order to tell one racing team from another, he established a color scheme that is still pretty much intact. Italian cars were red, French were blue, German silver, American white and blue and British cars were painted British Racing Green. (To this day, Ferrari is still red, Porsche is silver and Jaguar, until recently, remained green. In some circles, green is considered an unlucky color for a race car, even though Jackie Stewart won the 1965 Indy 500 in a Ford Lotus that was British Racing Green.) By 1905, crowds were impossible to control and too many accidents that involved spectators caused France to outlaw road races. William K. Vanderbilt took up the mantle and sponsored the Vanderbilt Cup races in the United States.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Gordon_Bennett_1904.jpg/250px-Gordon_Bennett_1904.jpg
Léon Théry of France, winner of the
Gordon Bennett Cup in 1904 and 1905.

...in 1940, Britain's First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill, was asked to replace Neville Chamberlain as Prime Minister after he lost a vote of confidence in the House of Commons. Chamberlain had tried talking and appeasing and in 1938, he signed the Munich Pact with Adolph Hitler. In the pact, Germany received Czechoslovakia in exchange for, as Chamberlain said, "...peace in our time." Of course, Hitler had no plans to keep the peace and in 1939, Germany took over Poland in a Blitzkrieg. Chamberlain was devastated and declared war on Germany, but he was ill-suited to being a war-time leader. When British troops were unable to keep Germany out of Norway, Chamberlain lost the support of the Conservative party. On May 10, Hitler overran Holland and Belgium and invaded Luxembourg and France. Chamberlain lost all support in the House. Churchill was well known for his military background and his leadership ability. He built a coalition of support between both parties and quickly won the hearts of Britons. His first speech to the House of Commons was on May 13 when he said, "You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word: It is victory, victory at all costs, victory in spite of all terror, victory, however long and hard the road may be; for without victory, there is no survival." In the same speech, he added the oft-quoted phrase, "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat."

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/0000308149-88536L.jpg

...in 1871, the Treaty of Frankfurt am Main was signed, ending the Franco-Prussian War. The war resulted in the joining of several Germanic states into a united Germany and the humiliating defeat of Louis Napoleon III's French Empire. The main result of the conflict was the sewing of seeds that would cause World War I in 1914. Prince Otto von Bismarck of Prussia desired to unite the several independent Germanic states into one nation, led by Prussia, led by the royal Hohenzollern family. The throne of Spain had been vacant after a revolution in 1868 and Bismarck engineered placing Prince Leopold of the Hohenzollern family on the throne. The concept of a Prussian ruler over Spain was an anathema to Louis Napoleon. He blocked the proposal and demanded that the Prussian king, Wilhelm I apologize to Europe. Of course, he refused, and the publication of Napoleon's demands precipitated war between the nations. The German states united behind Leopold and crushed the inferior French forces, even capturing Napoleon. The German state was created with the crowning of Wilhelm I as the Kaiser ("leader") of the new Germany with Bismarck as the first chancellor. The ceremony took place in the Hall of Mirrors at France's Versailles palace. As part of the Treaty of Frankfort, Germany annexed the French provinces of Alsace and Lorraine, setting the intense enmity between the two nations that would explode into the World War in 1914. In fact, in 1897, Bismarck accurately predicted almost to the day, "Jena came twenty years after the death of Frederick the Great; the crash will come twenty years after my departure if things go on like this." He also accurately predicted, as reported by Winston Churchill, that "One day the great European War will come out of some damned foolish thing in the Balkans." In 1914, just as Bismarck had predicted, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, were shot dead in Sarajevo and the World War began one month later.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Otto_von_Bismarck.JPG/180px-Otto_von_Bismarck.JPG
Otto von Bismarck in 1873.

That's it. That's all we know as of 2:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 30 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1934, a massive wind storm blew across the United States and carried millions of tons of topsoil with it to the east coast. The Great Plains were parched from a great drought and much of that soil made it to Boston, New York and Atlanta. When the Great Plains were settled in the latter half of the 19th Century, it was covered with prairie grass that held moisture and a root structure that locked soil in place, even in the driest of times. By the time of the great World War, there was much need for wheat in Europe so the little bit of prairie grass that was left got plowed under to grow wheat. The introduction of the modern tractor made the job easier and by 1930, wheat production increased by 300% and created a glut in the market. In 1931, a great drought spread across the country. Crops died and winds began to carry topsoil away in increasingly powerful storms, leading up to the one on this date in 1934. Over two days, an estimated 350 million tons of soil was swept away, even ships in the Atlantic reported dust collection on deck. Thousands of families migrated to California where they were derisively called "Oakies," no matter where they were from. At the height of the Great Depression, there wasn't much for Oakies in California, either. The Great Plains became known as the Dust Bowl, a phrase coined by reporter Robert Geiger. The FDR administration began enforcing farming methods but nothing helped until rain broght the end of the drought in 1939.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/1934-SouthDakotaBlackBlizzard.jpg
South Dakota "Black Blizzard" in 1934

...in 1916, Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company (DELCO) was purchased by United Motors. DELCO had been founded by Charles Kettering and Edward Deeds after both left the National Cash Register Corporation (NCR) in Dayton, Ohio. Kettering had invented the electric motor that made the electric cash register possible. Kettering also developed the self-starter for Billy Durant's Cadillac Corporation. Of course, Delco would sell starters to anyone. Meanwhile, Billy Durant had formed General Motors in 1908 but was forced out in 1910. He responded by starting the Chevrolet Motor Company with race driver, Louis Chevrolet. Later, he founded United Motors comprised of five companies, Hyatt Roller Bearing Company, New Departure Mfg. Co., Remy Electric Co, and Dayton Engineering. Durant appointed Alfred Sloan to head the holding company. In 1916, Durant retook control of General Motors and in 1918, brought United Motors into GM to build components for GM cars. (Durant would be forced out of GM for good in 1920 and Alfred Sloan took the helm. He made GM into the model of the modern corporation.) The United Motors Service Company was created to sell the products made by the five companies that comprised United Motors. United Motors was also a part of GM until 1971 when it was renamed United Delco Division. In 1974 it was absorbed into the AC-Delco Division and the United Motors name slid into history.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/imagesHuskySignpast0083LG.jpg
The United Motors Service logo appeared on
the packaging of UMS products. One can still find
NOS (New Old Stock) parts at swap meets, still in
the orange boxes.

...in 1927, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was founded at the Biltmore Hotel in Hollywood. Douglas Fairbanks was the first president. The first Awards of Merit were presented on May 16, 1929, honoring achievements between August 1, 1927 and July 31, 1928.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Douglas_Fairbanks_signed_1921_photo.jpg/200px-Douglas_Fairbanks_signed_1921_photo.jpg
Douglas Fairbanks (1883-1939)
First President of the Academy of
Motion Picture Arts & Sciences.

...in 1988, a special concert was held at Carnegie Hall to celebrate the 100th birthday of one of America's most beloved, and prolific, songwriters. Israel Isidore Baline was born in Siberia in 1888, one of eight children born to a cantor. The family came to America in 1893 but his father died in 1896. Israel was forced to go to work and on the streets, he sold newspapers and tried his hand at busking. He became a singing waiter in Chinatown at Pelham's Cafe. The owner asked him to write a song for the cafe because a rival restaurant had one written for them. He wrote a song called Marie from Sunny Italy for which he was paid 37¢ and a misspelled name, "I. Berlin" on the sheet music. The name "Irving Berlin" stuck, and Marie from Sunny Italy became the first of over 1,500 songs that he wrote. When asked where Irving Berlin stood in American music, Jerome Kern (himself an icon of American music) said, "Irving Berlin has no place in American music. Irving Berlin IS American music." Amazingly enough, Berlin did not play an instrument, in fact, he could not read or write music and all his compositions were transcribed by musical secretaries. He did not attend his 100th birthday party, but he did watch on television to see Frank Sinatra, Willie Nelson and many others perform his beloved songs, such as Puttin' on the Ritz, Top Hat, Cheek to Cheek, Always, There's No Business Like Show Business and the stirring God Bless America. The record that sold more copies than any other song ever recorded was written by Berlin for the 1942 Bing Crosby film, Holiday Inn and was entitled, White Christmas. Irving Berlin died in New York in 1989 at the age of 101.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Oh_How_I_Hate_to_Get_up_in_the_Morning_1c.jpg/215px-Oh_How_I_Hate_to_Get_up_in_the_Morning_1c.jpg
Berlin wrote this popular piece for a soldier review called
Yip, Yip, Yaphank which was made into a film during WWII.
Berlin sang the song himself in the film that was called
This Is The Army. See it here, on You Tube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71smG5d29to).

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

We've heard nothing about continuing searches in GJ nor any results of testing on anything found during searches last week, so there were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 39 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1967, the treaty banning nuclear weapons from outer space was ratified by the Soviet Union, putting the treaty into effect. The treaty, which is officially known as the "Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies" was already signed by the United States, Great Britain and several other nations. (North Korea signed the treaty on March 12, 2009.) The treaty also prohibits moon, planets or any other "celestial body" from being militarized. A Limited Test Ban treaty was already in effect (signed in 1963) which eliminated under water and atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons, North Korea is not a part of that treaty.

...in 1991, Willy T. Ribbs became the first African American to qualify for the Indianapolis 500. He finished 32nd in the field of 33, completing only 5 laps before his day came to an end due to engine failure. Ribbs had done very well in Europe, winning the Formula Ford championship in his first year. He was also the leading money-winner in the Trans-Am circuit in the 1980s but American racing success eluded him. Trans-Am is a road-based racing circuit for pony cars as opposed to traditional American style racing of horsepower that features the oval "go like hell, turn left" style of racing that is far different from Trans-Am racing. Ribbs is convinced that there is racism in racing. He said in 1991, "Here we are, moving into a new millennium, and auto racing still looks like 1939 baseball." Ribbs' accomplishment is even more remarkable when you consider that Indy car racing is very expensive and only open to those with powerful sponsors. Although NASCAR is more accessible, there is a dearth of African American drivers in that circuit, too. Wendell Scott used second-hand equipment to get into NASCAR, the only African American to win a NACAR race. When he won a race in 1963, officials were afraid of a negative reaction from the crowd, and gave the trophy to another driver. It was presented to him after the crowd had left the track. (Scott's story inspired the movie Greased Lightning.) Opinions vary as to why there aren't many black drivers in racing, whether it is overt institutional racism or just more circumstances and economy. A NASCAR team owned by (retired) NBA star, Julius Erving and (retired) NFL star, Joe Washington cannot even guarantee an African American driver will get a ride. A team representative explained, "To get into a Winston Cup car is dangerous. I wouldn't want to race against Dale Earnhardt or Jeff Gordon without experience. That's suicide. I wouldn't want that on my conscience, somebody getting out there who wasn't ready." Perhaps the racing industry will be more open to minority participation in the future? Why not - baseball has come a long way since integration in 1947.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/WillyTRibbs1991.jpg/180px-WillyTRibbs1991.jpg
Willy T. Ribbs at Laguna Seca
in 1991.

...in 1935, living under an assumed name, and retired as an RAF mechanic, T.E. Lawrence passed away from injuries suffered in a motorcycle accident. He was trying to avoid hitting some boys who were riding bicycles on the wrong side of the road. In fact, the accident was re-enacted as the opening scene in the film that told his story: Lawrence of Arabia. Thomas Edward Lawrence was born in Tremadoc, Wales in 1888. His family moved to Oxford in 1896 where he studied architecture and archeaology, and made a trip to the Ottoman controlled areas of Syria and Palestine in 1909 as part of his studies. In 1911, he was able to participate in an expedition for a dig of a Hittite city on the Euphrates River. He worked the dig for three years, learning the Arabic language. In 1914, he was able to explore the Sinai, near the Ottoman area of Arabia and the British controlled Egypt. He and his associates made maps that proved invaluable to the British army during the World War. When war broke out between the British and Ottoman Turks, Lawrence enlisted and became an intelligence officer in Cairo because of his knowledge. He was later assigned to Prince Faisal as a liaison officer. Lawrence guided the Arabs on a successful campaign against the Turkish lines. He was extremely popular with the Beduins and became famous when Lowell Thomas made a documentary about his activities in the war. Lawrence envisioned a united Arabia after the World War, which never came to fruition. Back in England, Lawrence re-enlisted in the RAF as T.E. Shaw and worked as a mechanic. It was shortly after his retirement that he died in the motorcycle accident. (A neurosurgeon, Hugh Cairns tried to save Lawrence but was unable to do so. The head injuries sustained were similar to many motorcycle accident victims, and later, Sir Hugh Cairns called for the use of crash helmets by military and civilian riders. As a consequence of Lawrence's death, many motorcyclist's lives have been saved.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ljidda.jpg/180px-Ljidda.jpg
Lawrence of Arabia, ca. 1917. Yes, he
does look like Peter O'Toole, only a lot
shorter. O'Toole played Lawrence in David Lean's
1962 blockbuster film,Lawrence of Arabia.

...in 1943, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt began planning for the cross-channel invasion of France, the second front of WWII that Joseph Stalin had been asking for since the beginning of the war. Churchill addressed a joint session of Congress and warned that dragging out the war might cause boredom and that the Americans would split, playing into the plans of the Axis. (Sound familiar? Osama bin Laden was waiting out that same boredom when Navy Seals took him out.) What would become known as D-Day would also be one of the great secrets kept during the war. The date was set for May 1, 1944, which would face delays due to weather. The plan was to invade France with 29 divisions, including the Free French if at all possible.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/NormandySupply_edit.jpg/782px-NormandySupply_edit.jpg
The invasion at Normandy was the largest amphibious landing in history. Many soldiers reported that
as far as they could see, everything was covered with ships, landing craft and soldiers. The barrage balloons
are tethered with heavy cable to discourage enemy aircraft attacks by ensnaring aircraft and causing them to
crash.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 38 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 2003, in an attempt to deter counterfeiting, the US Treasury Department unveiled a redesigned and colorized $20 bill, the first appearance redesigned of US paper currency. For many years, the $10 bill was referred to as a "sawbuck" because the Roman numeral for ten, X, resembled a sawbuck. The $20 bill became known as a "double sawbuck" because it was the equivalent of two sawbucks. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing reports that a bill lasts about two years before needing to be replaced.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/US_%2420_Series_2006_Obverse.jpg/300px-US_%2420_Series_2006_Obverse.jpg
Obverse of the US $20 bill (in case you don't
see them too often, either.)

...in 1981, Pope John Paul II was shot. A Turkish terrorist, Mehmet Ali Agca was an escaped fugitive who fired several shots into the crowd. He claimed he was on his way to England to shoot the king, but detoured when he found out there was only a queen. "Turks don't shoot women," he said. He said he had Palestinian connections but the PLO quickly disavowed any knowledge of him. Conspiracy theories abound but nothing has ever been proven, although several theorists claim the conspiracy goes back to the Soviet Union. Agca was tried and convicted in 1981 and sentenced to life, however, he was pardoned by President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi in 2000, at the Pope's request.

...in 1846, President James K. Polk declared war with Mexico over the annexation of Texas. The war raged for two years and when the smoke cleared, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago ended the war with Mexico ceding Texas, California and New Mexico. The US paid Mexico $15 million and settled all claims of Americans against Mexico.

...in 1607, the Virginia colony of Jamestown was settled on the James River in Virginia. After arriving on three ships, the Susan Constant, Godspeed and Discovery the colonists chose Edward Wingfield as the first president of the council. Within two weeks, the colony came under Algonquin attack. The attackers were repulsed, but in December, three colonists were captured by the Algonquin, one of them was John Smith. According to the legend, the daughter of Chief Powhattan intervened and saved the life of John Smith, although the other two members of the away team were killed. Although many colonists succumbed to starvation, desease or Indian attack, the London Company kept sending supplies and more colonists. In 1612, John Rolfe planted tobacco and created a cash crop for the success of the colony. Rolfe married Pocahontas (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index274.html#post637161), which provided an uneasy peace. Pocahontas died in England, probably of smallpox, and Chief Powhatan died in 1618. His replacement, Chief Opechancanough, immediately resumed hostilities and an attack in 1622 almost wiped out the colony. There was no more real fighting until 1644 when Chief Opechancanough led his last attack. He was captured and executed, and in 1646, the Algonquin agreed to peace terms.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Jamestown-Virginia-settlement-ships-NOAA.jpg/350px-Jamestown-Virginia-settlement-ships-NOAA.jpg
Replicas of the Susan Constant, Godspeed
and Discovery reside at the historic colony site.

...in 1973, the first Battle of the Sexes occurred when tennis stars, Bobby Riggs and Margaret Court met. Riggs was 55 years old at the time, a past tennis champion from the 1930s and 1940s with an outspoken disdain for the talent of female athletes, especially tennis players. The match, scheduled for Mothers' Day, was a $10,000.00 winner-take-all tournament. Margaret Court was an Australian tennis star who had won 89 of her last 92 matches and was the year's leading money winner on the tour. Riggs had challenged Billie Jean King for the match, calling her the "biggest women's libber on the tour" but King ignored him. Riggs used a strategy designed to rattle Court, which it did, and she lost the match to him. He immediately challenged Billie Jean King again. This time, she accepted and it was billed as "The Lobber vs. The Libber." The match was held on September 20 in the Houston Astrodome. King won. Riggs died in 1995 at the age of 77. Despite all the bluster and harsh words spoken, King said the match probably accidentally helped advance the cause of sexual equality.

http://media-2.web.britannica.com//eb-media/39/12639-004-B179444E.jpg http://i.a.cnn.net/si/2006/writers/dr_z/08/30/riggs.king/p1_riggs_cover.jpg
Margaret Court was the dominant player
on the women's tour with 66 Grand Slam
championships. Despite losing her match
with Bobby Riggs, she is best remembered
for winning the Grand Slam of women's tennis in
1970: Wimbleton, U.S. Open, French Open and
Australian Open, all in the same year.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 31 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1804, the Louis and Clark expedition left St. Louis on their monumental tour of the Louisiana Purchase. The "Corps of Discovery" consisted of 45 men (only 33 would make the entire journey) and floated up the Missouri River into the Dakotas. French-Canadian Toussaint Charbonneau, accompanied by his wife, Sacagawea, joined the expedition as interpreters. (Sacagawea was pregnant at the time she joined the group with her huband and his first wife, Otter Woman. Sacagawea's tribe, the Shoshones, sold the expedition horses to continue their western exploration. On November 8, 1805, the explorers set eyes upon the Pacific Ocean, the first Europeans to do so by the overland route. They wintered there. Sacagwea gave birth to Jean Baptiste Charbonneau on February 11. The group began their return journey in the spring of 1806. The group returned to St. Louis on September 23, 1806 with lots of exploration data, claims to the Oregon territory, and one more (little) explorer than they left with.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f6/SacagaweaDollarObverse.jpg/220px-SacagaweaDollarObverse.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/2011NativeAmericanRev.jpg/220px-2011NativeAmericanRev.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/United_States_one_dollar_coin%2C_reverse.jpg/150px-United_States_one_dollar_coin%2C_reverse.jpg
The obverse and (2009 redesign) reverse sides of the Sacagawea dollar. The truth is, no one
really knows what she looked like, and great controversy rages over the correct
spelling of her name. None the less, she was a hero in the Corps of Discovery and
earned a place of respect in the history of the United States.
To the far right is the original reverse side of the coin, prior to the 2009 redesign.

...in 1973 (speaking of explorers) America's first space station was launched into earth orbit. Skylab was the culmination of a dream for a manned space station that went all the way back to the late 1940s when plans began to be laid for a space station and laboratory. By the time Skylab was launched, the Soviet Union had already launched Salynut (which always looked to me like "salty nuts") two years earlier. However, Salynut was plagued with lots of problems while Skylab was a huge success. Skylab was built from a spent Saturn V rocket stage, 118 feet tall and it weighed 77 tons. Crews reached Skylab, and returned to earth, in Apollo space capsules. Crews spent over 700 hours on board Skylab, taking more than 175,000 photographs, mostly of the sun. In 1979, the orbit began to decay rapidly and Skylab plummeted to earth. The parts of Skylab that did not burn up on re-entry landed in Australia or in the Indian Ocean.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Skylab_launch_on_Saturn_V.jpg/180px-Skylab_launch_on_Saturn_V.jpg
Skylab was launched with a
specially modified Saturn V
moon rocket.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Skylab_and_Earth_Limb_-_GPN-2000-001055.jpg/180px-Skylab_and_Earth_Limb_-_GPN-2000-001055.jpg
Skylab in orbit

...in 1787, the Constitutional Convention convened in Philadelphia. Their task was to overthrow the American government. After the American victory in the Revolutionary War, a new government was outlined by a document called the Articles of Confederation. Short story: They didn't work. A new constitution was designed and written, The result was the Constitution of the United States along with 10 amendments that are known as the Bill of Rights.

http://www.constitution.org/cons/con1a.jpg
We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union,
establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense,
promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves
and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments. There was a major development two years ago, read on.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 29 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).


On this date in History...

...in 2009, Frank Birgfeld asked for the case of his missing daughter, Paige Birgfeld, to be transferred from the Mesa County Sheriff's office to the Colorado Bureau of Investigation. Mr. Birgfeld also asked what happened to the "thousands of dollars" in cash, as reported by CBS News 48 Hours Mystery, that was allegedly found in Paige's home. KJCT News (http://www.kjct8.com/Global/story.asp?S=10363617) and The Denver Post (http://www.denverpost.com/breakingnews/ci_12371756) reported on the stories. The case was not transferred to the CBI and none of the questions, raised by Paige's father, have ever been answered.

...in 1963, Gordon Cooper was launched into space aboard the Faith 7 on what would be the last flight of Project Mercury. "Gordo" was in space for 22 orbits and over 34 hours. It was the longest time an American spent in space up to that time. The Mercury flights were designed to be automated, making the astronauts little more than passengers. Chuck Yaeger called the Mercury astronauts "Spam in a can" but Faith 7 developed a problem. Cooper took control of the capsule and used his piloting experience to find his location via the stars. The calculations to fire retro rockets was critical, too soon and the capsule would burn up in the atmosphere, too late and the capsule would bounce off the atmosphere and cascade into outer space. Using his watch and lines he scratched in the porthole, Cooper fired the rockets and splashed down less than four miles from the recovery aircraft carrier, the most accurate landing of Project Mercury. He would later set another time record, spending enough time in orbit during Gemini 5, orbiting for 8 days, proving that astronauts could spend enough time in space to journey to the moon and back. Cooper developed Parkinson's disease and died of heart failure on October 4, 2004 at the age of 77. It was, ironically, the 47th anniversary of the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik 1 in 1957, that also launched the space race that made Cooper into one of the original Mercury astronauts.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Gordon_Cooper_Jr._-_cropped.jpg/200px-Gordon_Cooper_Jr._-_cropped.jpg
Leroy Gordon Cooper (1927-2004)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Mercury_Atlas_9.jpg/150px-Mercury_Atlas_9.jpg
Pre-Launch preparations of the
Mercury-Atlas 9 of Gordon Cooper.

...in 1981, the 20 millionth Volkswagon Beetle was produced at the VW plant in Puebla, Mexico, a city about 50 miles south of Mexico City. While the vehicle was no longer sold in the United States, it was still popular in Latin America. (By comparison, Ford built 15 million Model T Fords between 1908 and 1927, the most popular car in history, at least, until the Volkswagon. 21,529,464 were built between 1938 and 2003.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Volkswagen_Sed%C3%A1n_1995.jpg/180px-Volkswagen_Sed%C3%A1n_1995.jpg
A 1996 Mexican Beetle

...in 1970, Karen and Richard Carpenter, the popular brother-sister duo, released their second album Close to You that included a hit single of the same name. It was an overnight success and made stars of the Carpenters, as they were known, and they would go on to sell 10 gold records and have 12 Top-10 hits in the 1970s. We've Only Just Begun reached #2 on the Billboard charts but Richard Carpenter considers it their signature piece. (It was heard at just about every wedding that took place in the 70s and 80s.) Karen Carpenter tragically died of heart failure on February 4, 1983, at the age of 32. Her heart was overworked due to her anorexia nervosa. Richard continues to produce music and as an antique auto enthusiast, he owns an automobile museum in California. (One of the musicians who played with the Carpenters is Cubby O'Brien, who is best known for being a Mouseketeer during the mid-1950s Mickey Mouse Club program. Karen Carpenter played drums in the recording sessions but Cubby played drums for live performances, allowing Karen to sing out front.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Carpenters_-_Nixon_-_Office.png/220px-Carpenters_-_Nixon_-_Office.png
Karen and Richard Carpenter at
the Nixon White House, August 1, 1972.

...in 1942, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed the bill that created the Women's Auxiliary Army Corps (WAACs) granting women official military status. Representative Edith Nourse Rogers of Massachusetts introduced the bill in 1941, allowing women to serve the army in non-combat positions. (The bill was introduced prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor and it languished in the House until the attack, when it picked up some steam.) In July 1942, the "Auxiliary" term was dropped and the WACs received full military recognition and status. Women filled rolls like clerk, radio operator, electricians, air traffic controllers and some were even pilots, ferrying aircraft from factory to military bases. More than 150,000 women served in the army during WWII in many positions. In 1978, the military was officially integrated and the "Auxiliary" would fade into history.

http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/wac/p9.gif

http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/wac/p10.gif

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 37 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1943, the British launched an attack against three major German dams that provided water and hydroelectric power. Called the "Dambusters," the bombers carried a specially designed, drum shaped bomb. A special mechanism began to spin the bomb on the aircraft before being dropped. The spin was reverse of the forward motion, the backspin causing the bombs to bounce on the water, much as a golf ball bounces on a green and the back spin causes the ball to stop. The spinning bomb would bounce over anti-torpedo netting and strike the dam, the backspin causing the bomb to submerge itself and roll down the surface of the dam. When it reached a certain depth, the bomb would explode and breach the dam.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Duxford_UK_Feb2005_bouncingbomb.JPG/180px-Duxford_UK_Feb2005_bouncingbomb.JPG
An original "Upkeep" (code name) bouncing bomb.

The dambuster bombs were delivered by a specially designated squadron led by Commander Guy Gibson. Of the three targets, two dams were breached and the third, an earthen dam, was not. The result of the raids was actually of little consequence to the Germans, as water services and electrical power were restored very quickly. The raids did provide a boost of morale for the British.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Mohne_Dam_Breached.jpg/300px-Mohne_Dam_Breached.jpg
The backspin on the bombs caused them to skip over the torpedo nets
that protected the dam, then hit the dam, settle to the bottom and
explode. The plan was that "Busting" the dam would cause a loss of hydroelectric power, severely
impact water supplies and potentially destroy everything in the wake of the
rushing water. This is what the Mohne Dam looked like after the raid.

...in 1929, the first Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences Awards were presented at the Roosevelt Hotel in Hollywood. The Best Picture award went to Wings starring Clara Bow and Gary Cooper. The Best Actor award went to Emil Jennings for The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/RooseveltHotel03.jpg/250px-RooseveltHotel03.jpg
The Roosevelt Hotel was built in 1927 and
was the location of the first Academy Award
presentation in 1929. The hotel was built by a
consortium that included Douglas Fairbanks, Mary
Pickford and Louis B. Mayer. Fairbanks also
just happened to be the first president of the
Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences.

...in 1770, in the palace at Versailles, the French dauphin, Louis, married Marie Antoinette, the daughter of Austrian Asrchduchess Maria Teresa and Holy Roman Emporer Francis I. The idea was that France and Austria might become closer, as they had been enemies for as long as anyone could remember. In 1774, Louis' grandfather and King of France, Louis XV, died making him King Louis XVI. From the onset, it was obvious that Louis XVI was not equipped to be the king and to solve the financial mess that his grandfather left behind. Marie was not at all interested in France but was more interested in her own extravagant lifestyle. Legend has it that when told the impoverished peasants did not have bread, she replied, "Then let them eat cake." When the French revolution began in 1789, constitutional monarchists wanted to reform the monarchy to save it and retain it as part of the government. Louis and Marie resisted the reform but the revolutionaries were so fierce that the two attempted to escape to Austria. They were captured by revolutionaries and returned to Paris. Louis' intrigues with other European powers, especially arch-enemy Austria, resulted in charges of treason, of which he was found guilty and beheaded by means of Madam Guillotine. Nine months later, Marie Antoinette was also shortened a little bit.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/LouisXVI-France1.jpg/200px-LouisXVI-France1.jpg
Louisville, Kentucky is named for Louis XVI. Louis was
aiding the American Revolution so the Virginia General Assembly
bestowed the honor of the kind, who saw the king as an
admirable man. Kentucky was part of Virginia Territory in 1780.

...in 1943, the Warsaw Ghetto revolt came to an end when Nazi soldiers blew up the last synagogue and began deporting the survivors to the Treblinka extermination camp. After the invasion of Poland, the Nazis built a ghetto, enclosed by barbed wire, to inter Polish Jews. The 840 acre ghetto was populated by a half a million Jews. Beginning in July 1942, six thousand Jews per day were taken from the ghetto and transferred to Treblinka. The Nazis told those left behind that their relatives were being taken to work camps but the word quickly spread about the real purpose of Treblinka. A resistance group was established and managed to acquire arms. On January 18, 1943, Nazi forces that entered the ghetto met with an ambush and many Germans were killed before the rest were able to withdraw. In revenge, the Nazis swarmed the ghetto, mowing down Jews and systematically blowing up buildings. When it was over, the rest of the survivors were sent to Treblinka. 300 Germans died, compared to thousands of Jews who died in the uprising or in Treblinka.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Stroop_Report_-_Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising_06.jpg/800px-Stroop_Report_-_Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising_06.jpg
Nazi soldiers round up Warsaw Ghetto surviors in what is probably the most famous photograph of
the Holocaust. The boy in the center is thought to be Tsvi Nussbaum who survived the Holocaust and
became a doctor in America. In an interview, he said, "I feel a tremendous guilt Why did I survive?"

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Warsaw_Ghetto_destroyed_by_Germans%2C_1945.jpg/600px-Warsaw_Ghetto_destroyed_by_Germans%2C_1945.jpg
The remains of the Warsaw Ghetto after Adolph Hitler ordered its destruction.

That's it. That's all we know as of 1:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments. There is always hope, Menasha, Wisconsin police are searching for the body of Laurie Depies, who vanished without a trace in 1992. A convicted murderer is claiming that he killed Miss Depies and disposed of her body. Police are following up on those leads to solve a mystery that is nearly 20 years old.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 48 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1943, the crew of the B-17 Flying Fortress named the Memphis Belle became the first American crew to complete 25 missions. The final mission of the Memphis Belle was a bombing run over Lorient, location of a Nazi submarine pen. A film crew flew with the Memphis Belle on several missions, as they were shooting a documentary about the plane. The documentary included some now famous and dramatic footage, including a B-17 plummeting to earth with the crew bailing out, one at a time. It also included a B-17 landing with no tail. (It implied that the tail had been shot off by enemy fire but the damage came in a mid-air collision with another B-17.) The documentary, The Memphis Belle: A Story of a Flying Fortress (seldom seen today) was directed by Lieutenant Colonel William Wyler. In civilian life, Wyler directed a number of Academy Award motion pictures, including Mrs. Miniver, Roman Holiday and Ben-Hur. You can actually watch the film online (http://www.ww2incolor.com/gallery/movies/memphis_belle_movie) on a site called World War II In Color. The original Memphis Belle was rescued from the scrapper by the mayor of Memphis. It went on display in Memphis, outdoors, and by the mid 1980s, it had suffered at the hands of weather and vandals. It was returned to the Air Force and is now undergoing full restoration at the Air Force Museum at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio. Another, privately owned, B-17 is painted with the Memphis Belle's scheme and was used in the making of a fictionalized 1990 film, The Memphis Belle.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Memphis_Belle.jpg/250px-Memphis_Belle.jpg
The Memphis Belle over England in 1943.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Memphisbellenose.jpg/180px-Memphisbellenose.jpg
This privately owned B-17 starred in the 1990 fictionalized
story of the Memphis Belle. It makes the rounds of air
shows and remains very popular.

...in 1974, the Los Angeles Police Department staged a raid on a home in Compton, a known location of the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA.) The SLA was a violent, radical group that had much more publicity than influence. It was actually a handful of disaffected youth of the middle class. They rose to prominence by murdering Oakland, California Superintendent of Schools Marcus Foster, in November 1973, because he wanted to institute ID cards in the schools. The SLA really made a splash in the national news when they kidnapped Patty Hearst, heiress to the Hearst Publishing fortune. Hearst later showed up at an SLA bank robbery, wearing fatigues and brandishing a sub machine gun. On May 17, the LAPD fired 1,200 rounds into the house as SLA members shot back. (Patty Hearst was not in the house at the time.) Randolph Hearst, Patty's father, said the attack made "...dingbats into martyrs." Patty Hearst was later arrested and claimed she had been coerced into joining the SLA through repeated rapes and brainwashing. Prosecutors believe that she orchestrated the entire kidnapping episode but with no substantial proof. She was still convicted of participating the crimes and served two years when President Carter commuted her sentence. President Clinton pardoned her in 2001, in a wave of pardons he issued just before he left office.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Symbionese_Liberation_Army_Naga_Symbol.jpg/200px-Symbionese_Liberation_Army_Naga_Symbol.jpg
The seven-headed cobra symbol of
the SLA. Donald DeFreeze, aka
Field Marshall Cinque died in the police
shoot-out on May 17, 1975.

...in 1875, the first Kentucky Derby was run at Churchill Downs, near Louisville, Kentucky. Churchill Downs was named for relatives of Meriwether Clark Lewis, Jr. (of Lewis & Clark fame) John and Henry Churchill, who donated the land for the track. The tradition of draping the winner with a blanket of roses did not begin until 1896. The first race was won by jockey Oliver Lewis, riding a colt named Aristides.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Churchill_Downs_1901.jpg/280px-Churchill_Downs_1901.jpg
Churchill Downs in 1901.

...in 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down a decision in the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, ruling that segregation of public education facilities is unconstitutional. The ruling overturned an 1896 Supreme Court ruling in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson that called for "separate but equal" accommodations in railroad cars. The decision was used as the basis of institutionalized segregation until Linda Brown was not allowed to attend her local elementary school in Topeka, KS. Her case was brought by future Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall. Chief Justice Earl Warren wrote that "separate but equal" was unconstitutional, especially in education, because it stamped a badge of inferiority on African American students. The ruling motivated the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s.

http://www.pbs.org/kcet/publicschool/images/inn_brown.jpg
Linda Brown and her family.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

We're a bit late today. There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 18 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1940, Winston Churchill addressed the House of Commons again about the task facing Great Britain, that of defeating Adolph Hitler and the German Wermacht.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Churchill_portrait_NYP_45063.jpg/250px-Churchill_portrait_NYP_45063.jpg
"Hitler knows that he will have to break
us in this Island or lose the war. If we
can stand up to him, all Europe may be
free and the life of the world may move
forward into broad, sunlit uplands. But if we
fail, then the whole world, including the
United States, including all that we have
known and cared for, will sink into the
abyss of a new Dark Age made more sinister,
and perhaps more protracted, by the lights of
perverted science. Let us therefore brace
ourselves to our duties, and so bear ourselves
that, if the British Empire and its Commonwealth
last for a thousand years, men will still say,
'This was their finest hour.'"
--Winston Churchill, May 18, 1940

You can hear the conclusion of this, one of the greatest speeches of the 20th Century, here on YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsKDGM5KTBY).

...in 1980, Mount St. Helens exploded in southwestern Oregon. The eruption killed 57 people and destroyed 210 square miles of wilderness surrounding the volcano. A part of the Pacific "Ring of Fire" that includes 160 volcanos, the previous volcanic activity was between 1831 and 1857. Small earth tremors began on March 20, 1980 followed by venting of steam and ash. Finally, on May 18, Mount St. Helens exploded in a violent eruption that sent a plume of ash and smoke more than 12 miles into the atmosphere. Flowing lava flooded Spirit Lake and buried the Toutle River for a distance of 13 miles downstream. The 9,680 foot peak lost 1,700 feet in height as the top of the mountain slid down with the lava flow. Small eruptions continue to occur and a new crown is building slowly. Mount St. Helens is a protected research site.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/MSH80_eruption_mount_st_helens_05-18-80.jpg/180px-MSH80_eruption_mount_st_helens_05-18-80.jpg
Mount St. Helens erupted on May 18, 1980
at 8:32 AM PDT,

...in 1896, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a Louisiana law that called for "separate but equal" accommodations for blacks and whites on railroad cars was constitutional, ruling that segregation was not discriminatory and did not deprive African Americans of equal protection under the 14th Amendment. The Plessy v. Ferguson ruling eventually was extended to include institutional segregation in restaurants, hospitals and schools. African Americans suffered through decades of discrimination due to the ruling. As we learned yesterday, it was finally struck down in 1954 when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled on Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Segregation_1938b.jpg/180px-Segregation_1938b.jpg
A young man uses a designated drinking
fountain on the lawn of the county courthouse
in Halifax, North Carolina in 1938.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/WhiteTradeOnlyLancasterOhio.jpg/250px-WhiteTradeOnlyLancasterOhio.jpg
It wasn't just in the south. This sign was in a
Lancaster, Ohio restaurant in 1938.

...in 1860, Abraham Lincoln was nominated as the Presidential Candidate for the fledgling Republican Party. In 1858, Lincoln faced Stephan Douglas in a race for one of the Illinois Senate seats. It was a heated campaign, featuring a series of debates between the candidates that became known as the Lincoln-Douglas Debates. Lincoln argued against the spread of slavery while Douglas campaigned that each state had the right to decide whether to be slave or free. Lincoln lost the election to Douglas and in 1860, found himself pitted against Douglas again but this time, they were candidates for President of the United States. Douglas represented the north in a deeply divided Democrat Party. The southern Democrat candidtate was John C. Breckenridge and a fourth candidate, John Bell represented the Constitutional Union Party, confusing the election even more. Several southern states threatened to secede from the Union if Lincoln was nominated. They did not, but they did begin to secede after Lincoln won the election, even before he was inaugurated on March 4, 1861. Seven states seceded and formed the Confederate States of America. One month later, the Civil War began with the firing on Fort Sumter (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index275.html#post639520) in South Carolina.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.j pg/225px-Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.j pg
16th POTUS
Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865)

...in 1989, more than one million protesters marched through the streets of Beijing, China calling for a more democratic government. The series of protests began on April 14 and continued for seven weeks. The protests were brought about by the death of Hu Yaobang, a pro-market and pro-democracy member of the government. There was no one central theme for the protests except that protesters generally called for a less authoritarian government and economic changes. The protests lasted for about seven weeks until Tiananmen Square was cleared on June 4 by military action. (The figure of a lone Chinese man, standing in front of a line of tanks, became the iconic image of the protests.) The military began to enter Beijing to try to regain control of the city. Shots were fired and reporters identified several people killed but there are no official records that seem to match eyewitness reports. By the time the protests were over in June, several hundred, if not thousands, or protesters were killed or serioiusly wounded. Outrage around the world and economic sanctions against the Chinese government had little effect, as the official line of the Chinese government was that the protesters were "ruffians" and a "lawless element" of Chinese society.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d8/Tianasquare.jpg/240px-Tianasquare.jpg
The "Tank Man" became the international icon
of the Tiananmen Square protests. His identity is
unknown as is his ultimate fate.

That's it. That's all we know as of 8:01 PM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 22 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1903, President Theodore Roosevelt visited San Francisco, accompanied by members the Ninth Cavalry Regiment, an all-black company of horse soldiers. The parade was captured on movie film, making President Roosevelt the first president to be recorded at an official event. The short amount of film is available here, on You Tube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-fk67E9kPA&feature=PlayList&p=8EDBF3BE0220DBEB&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=26).

http://rs6.loc.gov/image/papr/3a19516.gif
The route was reviewed prior to the parade. The parade
film can be seen by following the link above.

...in 1957, A.J. Foyt won his first major race, a midget car race in Kansas City, Missouri. He would go on to win four Indianapolis 500 races in front of track owner, Tony Hullman, and he took Hullman on his victory lap after his fourth win in 1977. After his first Indy win, in 1961, Foyt sneaked out of the celebration to get a burger. "Hell, I was hungry!" he later said. "I just went over to White Castle." He went on to win the Indy in 1864, 1967 and 1977. Foyt is the only man to win the Indy, the Daytona 500, the 24 Hours of Daytona and the International Race of Champions (IROC) in 1976 and 1977. He now resides in his native Houston, where A.J. Foyt Enterprises dabbles in racing (IRL, CART and NASCAR) car dealerships, funeral services, oil investments and thoroughbred horse racing.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/1961AJFoytvictorycircle61-1116.jpg
A.J. Foyt in Victory Circle at the Indy 500
in 1961. He would go on to win Indy four times.

...in 1932, the body of Charles Lindbergh, Jr. was found less than a mile from his home and more than two months after he had been kidnapped from the Lindbergh home in Hopewell, New Jersey. He was kidnapped on March 1, 1932 (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index273.html#post623947). The toddler was put to bed about 7 PM by Mrs. Lindbergh and the nanny, Betty Gow. Ms. Gow stayed with the baby until he was asleep, then went to check on him about 10. He was missing. A homemade ladder was found below the window, it was the perfect length to reach the window. A ransom note arrived, handwritten, fraught with mistakes. It demanded $50,000.00. Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf, superintendent of the New Jersey State Police was one of the authorities on the scene. (Yes, his name does sound familiar and yes, it's his father.) Lindbergh paid the ransom but the body of the "Little Eaglet" was found less than five miles from his home. Congress rushed a bill making kidnapping a federal offense. Authorities arrested a man named Bruno Hauptman, who was tried and convicted on flimsy evidence, but that wasn't the end of it. To this day, the Lindbergh kidnapping is still a topic of discussions and conspiracy theorists. It was also the inspiration for Agatha Christie's Murder on the Orient Express. The Lindberghs donated their home to charity and moved away.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Lindbergh_baby_poster.jpg

...in 1970, Ernie Banks hit his 500th home run for the Chicago Cubs. The Cubs, otherwise known as the real-life Bad News Bears, were charter members of the National League in 1876, as the Chicago White Stockings. Their first game was a win, behind the shutout pitching of Arthur Goodwin Spalding, who would go on to start a sporting goods company of some fame. Spalding led them to the NL Pennant that year. The team became known as the Cubs in 1902 because of a plethora of great young talent. They won the pennant in 1906 but lost the World Series to....the Chicago White Sox. They did win the series in 1908 but that was about it. The Cubs posted a losing record every year between 1946 and 1953 when Ernie Banks joined the team as their great shortstop. The two-time MVP finished his 17 year career with 512 homers and he was elected to the Hall of Fame in 1977. Despite his sparkling career, "Mr. Cub" never got a chance to play in the post season.

http://www.allposters.com/IMAGES/PHO/AAGN200.jpg

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 17 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 2005, Mary Kay Letourneau, 43 years old and fresh out of prison, married 22 year old Vili Fualaau, the father of her two youngest children. Letourneau served a 7-1/2 year sentence for statutory rape because of her relationship with him. During the summer of 1996, the married, 34 year old Letourneau began a sexual relationship with Fualaau, her former sixth grade student, who was just 12 years old. The relationship was found out and in February 1997, Letourneau was arrested for rape. In May, she gave birth to the couple's first child. A judge showed her leniency and suspended her 89 month sentence to six months, she was ordered to attend a treatment program and to not have contact with Fualaau. After her release, she was found in a parked car with Fualaau along with a large amount of cash and baby clothes - it appeared they were about to flee the area. Her sentence was reinstated and Latourneau returned to jail. In October, she gave birth to their second daughter. Meanwhile, Fualaau and his mother, Soona, sued the school district for over $2 million, claiming the school did not protect the boy. A jury ruled against them. Latourneau was released from prison in August 2004. Since Fualaau had grown into an adult, the ban on contact was lifted and nine months later, they were married.

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_XHQDQKLYoN4/SZ4RKPwWsxI/AAAAAAAAAiY/Jak1J8vXelY/s320/Mary+Kay+Letourneau+and+Vili+Fualaau%5B2%5D.jpg


...in 1899, Jacob German, a driver of a cab for the Electric Vehicle Company in New York, was arrested for driving his cab at the breakneck speed of 12 miles per hour. He was booked and held in jail. Is it a surprise the first American arrested for speeding would be a New York hack?

...in 1873, Levi Strauss, acting on the request of a tailor from Reno, Nevada, secured a patent for canvas pants reinforced at stress points with copper rivets. Strauss was a Bavarian emmigre who was selling dry goods in the east. His brother in law encouraged him to travel to California to supply the gold rush miners. While in California, he was unable to sell a large supply of canvas, so he cut it up to make work pants. Miners had been complaining for years that conventional pants wore out too quickly and applauded Strauss for his invention. Jacob Davis, a tailor in Reno, wrote to Strauss and told him about reinforcing stress points in the canvas pants with copper rivets. He wanted to file a patent on the riveted pants concept, but he didn't have funds for a patent...well...Strauss applied for the patent and made Davis his production manager. Later, he converted the material to denim and the rest is history. Strauss never married, and with no progeny, he left his factory to his nephews upon his death in 1902.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Levi_Strauss.jpg/225px-Levi_Strauss.jpg
Levi Strauss (1829-1902) left
his factory and business to his
nephews, who rebuilt the factory
after the 1906 earthquake and fire.

...in 1927 at 7:52 AM, Charles Lindburgh took off from Roosevelt Field on Long Island, starting his attempt to make the first non-stop flight between New York and Paris. He flew a monoplane. the Ryan NYP (for "New York to Paris") that was based on an existing Ryan airplane, but with several of his own specifications. He named the aircraft The Spirit of St. Louis in honor of his sponsors, the St. Louis, Missouri Chamber of Commerce. Lindburgh recalled that his greatest challenge was staying awake. After 33-1/2 hours, Lindburgh landed at LeBourget Field in Paris. He was an instant celebrity and helped make commercial aviation a success.

http://www.census.gov/history/img/StLouis1920s.jpg
Lindburgh at Roosevelt Field before his flight.

Lindburgh flew the Spirit of St. Louis on a publicity tour in Europe until the US Navy arrived to ferry Lindburgh and his plane back home. Lindburgh flew the plane on tours until 1928. The last flight of The Spirit of St. Louis was to Washington, D.C. where Lindburgh turned it over to the Smithsonian Institution, where it is still on display. Several replicas of the The Spirit of St. Louis have been constructed, one for the 1938 Paramount film Men with Wings featuring Ray Milland. Three flight-worthy replicas were built for the 1957 Warner Bros. film The Spirit of St. Louis. All three survive, one is in the Missouri History Museum, one is in the Henry Ford Museum and the third is at the Cradle of Aviation Museum in Garden City, NY, not far from where the original took off for Paris. A static replica was built for studio shots by Warner Bros and that replica hangs in the Minneapolis-St. Paul airport. The Experimental Aircraft Association in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, built a replica from a similar Ryan aircraft in honor of the 50th anniversary of Lindburgh's flight. It is on display in Oshkosh, but the demand for the aircraft encouraged them to build another, from scratch, which is on the air show circuit. An airworthy replica was privately built in San Diego and has flown to several air shows. The builder assembled a static replica for display in the San Diego International Airport. Surprisingly, it took until 2002 for a static replica to be built for display at the Lambert International Airport in St. Louis. Two more are in Germany and one is in England. A privately owned replica crashed in England in 2003, killing its owner. There may be more that this reporter could not find.

http://www.thehenryford.org/exhibits/heroes/recordbreakers/images/spirit_sm.jpg
This replica is in The Henry Ford Museum in
Dearborn, Michigan. It is one of three that was
built by Warner Bros. for the 1957 film of the
same name. Jimmy Stewart purchased the plane
from Warner Bros.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had only 8 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1881, Clara Barton and Adolphus Solomons founded the American National Red Cross in Dansville, NY. Barton worked with the wounded during the Civil War, becoming known as the Angel of the Battlefield. With extensive records in hand, she was appointed by President Lincoln to search for lost POWs. Using a list of dead smuggled out of Andersonville by Dorence Atwater, and with his help, the two of them succeeded in indentifying thousands of Union dead at the Andersonville Prison. In 1870, she was in Europe and went behind German lines during the Franco-Prussian War (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/morning-update-may-10-2009-a-52436/) while working for the International Red Cross. Back in the United States, she worked to charter the American Red Cross. It received a federal charter in 1900, while Clara Barton presided over the Red Cross until 1904, when she was 83. She died in 1912 while her organization lives on.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/WcbbustCBarton2.jpg/225px-WcbbustCBarton2.jpg
Clara Barton (1821 - 1912)
The Angel of the Battlefield

...in 1901, the first automobile speed limit was instituted. So, the next time you're pulled over for a speeding ticket, remember Representative Robert Woodruff of Connecticut, who proposed a bill that made the rural speed limit 12 mph and 8 mph in the city. (New Amsterdam, in 1652 before it was New York, instituted a speed limit for horses, carriages, sleighs, prohibiting the vehicles to be operated at "a gallop.")

...in 1927, Charles Lindburgh completed his cross-Atlantic flight by landing The Spirit of St. Louis at Le Bourget Field in Paris, the first non-stop solo flight across the Atlantic. His flight took 33-1/2 hours from Roosevelt Field in Long Island, New York. And exactly five years later...

...in 1932, Amelia Earhart completed a non-stop, solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean, the first woman to accomplish the feat. She took off from Harbour Grace, Newfoundland and landed in Ireland, 2,000 miles in 14 hours 56 minutes. Lindburgh was a virtual unknown when he made his flight but Earhart was already a media darling. In 1928, she was part of a crew that crossed the Atlantic, and although she was the navigator and never took the yoke, she was the first woman to cross the Atlantic non-stop as a part of that crew. In 1935, while attempting to fly around the world with co-pilot Frederick J. Noonan, her plane disappeared in the South Pacific on July 2, 1937.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/AE.jpg/140px-AE.jpg
Amelia Earhart, 1932

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lockheed_Vega_5b_Smithsonian.jpg/180px-Lockheed_Vega_5b_Smithsonian.jpg
Amelia Earhardt made her solo flight
across the Atlantic in this Lockheed Vega V-5,
now on display at the Smithsonian.

That's it. That's all we know as of 1:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 35 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1843, 1,000 settlers and 1,000 head of cattle set out from Independence, Missouri to start the "Great Emigration" to Oregon. The wagon train followed the Santa Fe Trail for about 40 miles before turning north to the Platte River. West of Fort Laramie, Wyoming, the Oregon Trail turned north to head for Fort Boise, the last stop for supplies before tackling the rest of the journey over the Blue Mountains. The Great Emigration made the 2,000 mile trek in about five months. Four more wagon trains took the Oregon Trail in 1844 and in 1845, more than 3,000 people used the Oregon Trail. The California Trail used the same Platte River route, but continued west from Fort Laramie to Salt Lake City, making a loop around the south side of the Great Salt Desert, then over the Sierra Nevada at Donner Pass. Eventually, the Union Pacific would lay its rails along the same trail, as did the Lincoln Highway a few decades later, followed by Interstate 80 - all following the route that was used starting this date in 1843.

...in 1939, Italy and Germany signed the "Pact of Steel" to form the Axis Powers. In September of 1940, Japan would also sign the pact, making the "Pact of Steel" into the Tripartate Pact. Also on this date, but in 1944, Britain and American forces began Operation Chattanooga Choo-Choo. It was a concentrated effort to bomb German railway yards and rights-of-way. The operation was a success as it left German scrambling to find enough labor to repair the lines. The real purpose, of course, was to cripple the Nazi mechanism for the distribution of ammunition, and to soften up the logistical system in preparation of D-Day.

...in 1868, the Reno Gang, a group that performed the first recorded train robbery and terrorized the midwest after the Civil War, climbed aboard a Jeffersonville, Madison and Indianapolis Railroad train at the Marshfield, Indiana depot. As the train pulled out, part of the gang overpowered the engineer while others uncoupled the passenger cars, allowing the locomotive and express car to speed off. They threw the express manager off the train (resulting in his death) and made off with about $96,000.00. It was the fourth train robbery by Frank, John and Bill Reno and their gang and gave them national notoriety. On July 9, they made their fifth attempt but there were 10 Pinkertons on board, waiting for them. All of the gang, except Volney Elliot, escaped. Elliot ratted out the rest of the gang and the Pinkerton detectives rounded them all up. While being transported to Seymour, Indiana, a group of masked men pulled them from the train and lynched the gang. On July 27, the Pinkertons arrested Bill and Simeon Reno in Indianapolis, but they suffered the same fate, lynched from the same tree in a town now known as Hangman Crossing, Indiana.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Frankreno.jpg/220px-Frankreno.jpg
Frank Reno was the leader of
the gang that recorded the first
train robbery in the United States.
It began decades of copy-cat
train robberies.

See Hangman Crossing, near Seymour, Indiana, on
google maps (http://maps.google.com/maps?q=38.943333+-85.926667+(UTM: 16S 593017m E 4311036m N)) or Google Earth by visting the sites and
entering these coordinates: 38.943333 -85.926667

...in 1977, Janet Guthrie qualified for the Indianapolis 500, the first woman to qualify for the premier race in America, if not the world. She finished 29th out of the field of 33 cars, after completing only 27 of the 200 laps, due to the failure of a timing gear. She finished the 1978 Indy in ninth place, a remarkable achievement and not because she finished at all but because she lacked the huge corporate sponsorship that is behind most Indy racing teams. "Drag racing gets more women because it costs about a tenth of Indy Car racing. It's a very expensive sport. I managed to make do with $120,000 I got from Texaco, but most drivers have between two and three million dollars to work with," she said. Guthrie was an adrenalin-driven racer. She made a parachute jump at 16, got her pilots license at 17, and went to the University of Michigan for aerospace engineering. Guthrie applied to NASA to be a Scientist-Astronaut and actually made the first round of cuts. While working at Republic Aviation, she bought a Jaguar and began SCCA road racing. She drove in 33 NASCAR races and placed as high as sixth place and in her 11 Indy car races, finished as high as 5th. (Guthrie made 5 attempts to drive in the Indy 500, she did not qualify in 1976 and 1980, but in 1977-1979 she finished 29th, 9th and 34th respectively.) Janet Guthrie's autobiography is entitled Life at Full Throttle and Sports Illustrated called it one of sports literature's all-time best books.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Janet_Guthrie_Wildcat.JPG/250px-Janet_Guthrie_Wildcat.JPG
Janet Guthrie drove this Wildcat in the
1978 Indy 500, finishing in 9th place.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 33 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1900, more than 37 years after his act of heroism during the Civil War, Sgt. William Harvey Carney was presented with the Congressional Medal of Honor, the first American of African descent to be awarded the highest military honor bestowed on military heroes. (Actually, Robert Blake was awarded the MOH in 1864, however, even though the presentation was late, Sgt. Carney's courageous actions took place at Fort Wagner before anyone else's.) Carney was born a slave in Virginia but escaped to Massachusetts via the underground railroad, following his father. The two of them went back and pulled the rest of their family out of slavery. In the 54th Massachusetts Volunteers, he was part of an attack on Fort Wagner in Charleston, SC. According to the citation of the Medal of Honor presentation, Sgt. Carney bravely planted the flag to rally the troops, then carried the flag safely back behind Union lines. "When the color sergeant was shot down, this soldier grasped the flag, led the way to the parapet, and planted the colors thereon. When the troops fell back he brought off the flag, under a fierce fire in which he was twice severely wounded." When he arrived back in camp and handed off the flag, he said to his unit, "Boys, I only did my duty; the old flag never touched the ground!" (The assault on Fort Wagner is depicted in the movie Glory.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/WilliamCarney.jpeg/200px-WilliamCarney.jpeg
Sergeant William Harvey Carney (1840-1908)

...in 1911, the New York Public Library was dedicated in a ceremony presided over by President William Howard Taft. It is the largest marble structure ever built in the United States and occupies a two block section of Fifth Avenue between 40th and 42nd Streets. In the late 19th century, New York was growing very quickly but did not have a libarary large enough to support the population. The largest libraries, the Astor and Lennox libraries, were separate entities. In 1886, former governor Samuel J. Tilden passed on, leaving the city $2.4 million to "establish and maintain a free library and reading room in the city of New York." On May 23, 1895, the Astor and Lennox libraries agreed to merge with the Tilden Trust to form the New York Public Library that was dedicated 16 years to the day. In 1901, philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, known for his generousity in distributing funds for libraries, made a $5.2 million gift to the library to open branch libraries. There are over 2 million cardholders, more than any other library system in the nation. Unlike other libraries, the New York Library was not created by government decree and was built by a private organization.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/NYC_Public_Library_Research_Room_Jan_2006.jpg/500px-NYC_Public_Library_Research_Room_Jan_2006.jpg
The Rose Reading Room

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_TZ4zYEBSw1I/SNLuX21k5_I/AAAAAAAAFs0/dkcYGtyxtXU/s400/library_lions_patience.jpg http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_TZ4zYEBSw1I/SNLuYQKXvBI/AAAAAAAAFs8/2vt6oppKyRQ/s400/library_lions_fortitude.jpg
Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia used to conclude his radio broadcasts with the words "Patience and Fortitude." He also
nicknamed The New York Public Library’s lions "Patience" and "Fortitude" for the qualities he felt New Yorkers needed
to survive the Great Depression.

...in 1945, Heinrich Himmler committed suicide by swallowing a cyanide pill, the day after being arrested by the British military. Himmler was the head of the Waffen-Schutzstaffel, the military arm of the Nazi party, and he was also the second in command of the Gestapo. By controlling all the police in the Reich, Himmler wielded immense power to eliminate all opposition to the party. Himmler was also the architect of "The Final Solution" creating the death camps and concentration camps that provided slave labor.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S72707%2C_Heinrich_Himmler.jpg/245px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S72707%2C_Heinrich_Himmler.jpg
Heinrich Himmler (1900-1945)

...in 1934, Clyde Champion Barrow and Bonnie Parker met their doom when they were ambushed by combined forces of the Louisiana State Police and Texas State Police in Bienville Parish, Louisiana. In 1930, Clyde met the 19 year old Bonnie Parker in Texas, where she was tending bar. She was married to a convicted murderer who was serving a life sentence. Clyde was a small-time hoodlum who was, shortly after they met, arrested for burglary and sent to prison. Bonnie smuggled a guy into the prison and aided Clyde in breaking out. Over the next two years, the two ran a crime spree that resulted in (at least) 13 murders and untold stolen cars, almost all of them Fords. They successfully evaded capture in Texas, Louisiana, New Mexico and Missouri. Clyde's brother, Buck and his wife, Blanche, joined the gang. In June 1933, the gang was surrounded at the Red Crown Tavern in Platte City, near Kansas City, Missouri, the gang again eluded authorities during a horrific gun fight. Buck took a bullet in the head as the gang made their escape to Dexter, Iowa. Buck died of his wounds in Iowa and Blanche was taken into custody. Meanwhile, Bonnie and Clyde escaped to Lousiana, where they were ambushed. Their stolen 1934 Ford (see photo below) was riddled with machine gun fire for two full minutes. The 1967 Warren Beatty-Faye Dunaway movie Bonnie & Clyde portrayed the couple as a carefree, charming and irreverant pair of Robin Hoods. Such was not the case. Although contemporary reports say Bonnie never wielded a gun (but was a talented re-loader) Clyde was a cold-blooded killer who murdered at least five police officers in their spree.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bonnieclyde_f.jpg/225px-Bonnieclyde_f.jpg
Bonnie & Clyde hamming it up in
front of a stolen 1932 Ford B-400
convertible sedan.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/BonnieandClyde.jpg
Bonnie & Clyde behind the B-400.

http://texashideout.tripod.com/shotcar.jpg
The Last Ride

The Bonnie & Clyde death car is extant and is owned by the holding
company that owns several properties, including Terrible's Casino. It may
be on display at Terrible's Gold Ranch Casino in Verdi, Nevada, but it is
scheduled to move to Buffalo Bill's in Primm, Nevada.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had only 6 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1844, -.-. --- -. --. .-. . ... ... / .-- .. - -. . ... ... . -.. / .- / -.. . -- --- -. ... - .-. .- - .. --- -. / --- ..-. / .- / -- .- -.-. .... .. -. . --..-- / .. -. ...- . -. - . -.. / -... -.-- / ... .- -- ..- . .-.. / ..-. .-.-.- -... .-.-.- / -- --- .-. ... . --..-- / -.-. .- .-.. .-.. . -.. / .- / - . .-.. . --. .-. .- .--. .... .-.-.- / .... . / ... . -. - / .- / -- . ... ... .- --. . / ..-. .-. --- -- / - .... . / ..- .-.-.- ... .-.-.- / -.-. .- .--. .. - --- .-.. / - --- / .- .-.. ..-. .-. . -.. / ...- .- .. .-.. / .. -. / -... .- .-.. - .. -- --- .-. . --..-- / -- .- .-. -.-- .-.. .- -. -.. .-.-.- / - .... . / -- . ... ... .- --. . / .-- .- ... --..-- / .-..-. .-- .... .- - / .... .- - .... / --. --- -.. / .-- .-. --- ..- --. .... - ..--.. .-..-. / ...- .- .. .-.. / ... . -. - / - .... . / ... .- -- . / -- . ... ... .- --. . / -... .- -.-. -.- / - --- / - .... . / -.-. .- .--. .. - --- .-.. / ... . -.-. --- -. -.. ... / .-.. .- - . .-. .-.-.-

(It says...Congress witnessed a demonstration of a machine, invented by Samuel F.B. Morse, called a telegraph. He sent a message from the U.S. Capitol to Alfred Vail in Baltimore, Maryland. The message was, "What Hath God Wrought?" Vail sent the same message back to the Capitol seconds later.)

Morse was a painter and was well respected for his portraiture. He was inspired by a French inventor who had an impractical idea for an electric telegraph. He spent 12 years perfecting the device and during that same time, created his alphabet to encode messages for the telegraph. In the 10 years after the first commercial telegraph line was installed, more than 20,000 miles of telegraph lines cris-crossed the country. The first telegraph line to California put the Pony Express out of business. More importantly, it not only improved communications, it improved safety in railroad transportation while enhancing train dispatching.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Morse_tegraph.jpg/180px-Morse_tegraph.jpg
The original Morse telegraph.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Samuel_Finley_Breeze_Morse_002.jpg/180px-Samuel_Finley_Breeze_Morse_002.jpg
Mrs. Daniel de Saussure Bacot, a
portrait by Samuel F.B. Morse.

...in 1987, Al Unser Sr. became the oldest winner of the Indianapolis 500, just 5 days short of his 48th birthday. It was his fourth Indy 500 win, the second of only three men to win the race four times. Unser wasn't going to drive the race, he simply stepped in to replace Danny Ongais who was injured. Unser Sr. also won 39 races on the Indy circuit, sat on the pole 29 times and won over $6 million. He retired in 1992 but the Unser family is well entrenched in racing. Al Sr.'s brother Bobby won the Indy 500 three times. Older brother Jerry, the first Unser to race at Indy, qualified in 1958 but went out in a spectacular 13-car accident from which he walked away, but he died in a practice crash at Indy in 1959. Al's son, Al Unser Jr., also won the big race, making Al Sr., the only man to have a sibling and son win the race. Nephews Johnny and Robby have also run at Indianapolis, as has his grandson, Al Unser III.

...in 1935, Major League Baseball held the first night game at Crosley Field in Cincinnati. (25,000 fans watched the Reds beat the Phillies 2-1.) It was not the first night game in professional baseball, that was in Des Moines, Iowa on May 2, 1930. Slowly, every major league team moved to a night schedule. The last holdout was the Chicago Cubs, but even with lights on in Wrigley Field, the Cubs still play a majority of their home games during the day.

...in 1917, the first convoy set sail in an attempt to thwart the ever-increasing threat of submarine warfare. The British navy had resisted convoys, afraid that the ships ordered to convoy duty would not be available for war duty. By 1917, the tonnage of vessels lost was staggering, so the concept of a convoy was brought to light. A convoy would consist of 10-50 merchant ships along with a cruiser, six destroyers, torpedo boats and air support to see disturbances in the water that would indicate submarine activity. With the introduction of convoys, German U-boat damages dropped precipitously, along with the German strategy of starving Great Britain into submission.

...in 1929, the Marx Brothers, Groucho, Harpo, Chico and Zeppo, first appeared on film with the release of The Cocoanuts (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0019777/). The story had been a successful Broadway play before "Minnie's Boys" made the jump to Hollywood. Seven films were made with four of the brothers and after Zeppo left the movie act, nine more films were made by three brothers, Groucho, Harpo and Chico.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Marx_Brothers_1931.jpg/180px-Marx_Brothers_1931.jpg
Top to bottom: Chico, Harpo,
Groucho and Zeppo.

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 37 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1907, in Winterset, Iowa, Marion Michael Morrison was born, the son of a pharmacist named Clyde L. Morrison. As a child, his constant companion was an Airdale Terrier named Duke, and soon he acquired the nickname of Duke, himself. His father's health prompted a move to Glendale, California, where the family settled on an 80 acre farm. Duke delivered papers, went to school and football practice, then delivered prescriptions for his father's pharmacy that happened to be in the same building with a theater - so Duke saw at least 4 movies a week. He also watched Triangle Pictures shoot films near his ranch. He was a standout football player at USC, and like other athletes, got a part-time job moving scenery at Fox Studios. In his second year, he broke his ankle and dropped out of school, but kept the scenery mover job. He came to the attention of director, John Ford, and the two would become friends for life, including working in several films together, but his big break came when Raoul Walsh cast the young man in the lead of an expensive film entitled The Big Trail. Mr. Walsh thought "Marion" was too sissy of a name, and he changed it. The Big Trail was a flop, but Duke went on to some success an Hollywood under his new name, John Wayne.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/john-wayne-usc-football.jpg
Duke Morrison, USC Footballer, who
would go on to some fame under a
different name.
"I play John Wayne in every part
regardless of the character, and I've
been doing okay, haven't I?"
--John "Duke" Wayne

...in 1994, Michael Jackson married Lisa Marie Presley at a secret ceremony. The marriage didn't last very long. On December 10, 1995, the couple separated and on January 17, 1996, Lisa Marie filed for divorce, then married Nicolas Cage.
(Q: What did Michael Jackson like about twenty eight year olds?
A: The fact that there were 20 of them.)

http://www.ukhairdressers.com/Celeb%20Wedding/Michael%20Jackson%20and%20Lisa%20Marie%20Presley/Wedding%20Image.jpg
The Not-so-happy couple.

...in 1978, the first casino opened in Atlantic City. Atlantic City had been a popular resort and tourist area in the early 20th century and its street names were preserved forever in the game Monopoly. After WWII, it declined in popularity and in quality. Many of the old hotels, if not torn down, were converted to low-income apartments or nursing homes. In 1974, voters approved gambling and the rebirth of Atlantic City began. The once-luxurious, but now aged, Chalfonte-Haddon Hotel on the corner of North Carolina Avenue (Rent: $1,275 with Hotel) and Pacific Avenue (Rent: $1,275 with Hotel) was acquired by Resorts International. The 1000 guest rooms were reduced to 566 to allow the creation of casino, restaurants and shops, and the rest were remodeled to fit the city's required 325 square-foot per room code. It re-opened on this date in 1978 as the Resorts International. After all that, it was torn down in 1980 to make room for a parking lot.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Chalfonte_Hotel_Atlantic_City_1905_Advertisement.j pg/200px-Chalfonte_Hotel_Atlantic_City_1905_Advertisement.j pg
The Chalfonte Hotel reopened as
Resorts International on this date in
1978, the first casino on the east coast.

...in 1896, the Dow Jones Industrial Average was created and published in the Wall Street Journal. The DJIA consisted of 12 major stocks, the intent then, as it is now, is to give a daily snapshot of the performance of the stock market. Of the original 12 members, only General Electric is currently (hehehehe, just for you, Rae) part of the modern index. The other 11 members were American Cotton Oil Co (an ancestor of Bestfoods, now part of Unilever) American Sugar Co (Domino Foods) American Tobacco Company (broken up in 1911) Chicago Gas Co (now part of Integrys Energy Group) Distilling & Cattle Feeding Co (Millennium Chemicals) Laclede Gas Light Company (now The Laclede Group but pulled from the DJIA in 1899) Nation Lead Co (removed from the DJIA in 1916) North American Company (it was the Edison Electric Company that was broken up in the 1940s) Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Co (U.S. Steel bought it in 1907) U.S. Leather Co (dissoved in 1952) and United States Rubber Co (became Uniroyal, merged with B.F. Goodrich and was bought by Michelin in 1990.) The DJIA stood at 40.94 on this date, but went as low as 28.48 in 1896. It climbed to 381.17 on September 3, 1929 but plummeted to 230.07 on October 29, 1929. (That was not the lowest DJIA of the Great Depression, that came in 1932.) For all that is said of the New Deal and WWII ending the Great Depression, the DJIA did not rise above the 1929 peak until 1954.

As for the current DJIA being the worst since the Great Depression? Not even close. The market plummeted on Black Monday (October 19, 1987) when it dropped 22.61%, the largest one day drop in history. In comparison to these closings, the DJIA was 8277.32 on Friday, May 22, 2009. (Down 14.81 from the May 21.) On May 6, 2010, in what became known as the "2010 Flash Crash," the Dow dropped 998.50 points, an intra-day loss of 9.2%. On May 20, 2010 the Dow closed at 10,068.01, a far cry from the all-time high mark of 14,198.10 it hit on October 11, 2007, when we all thought we were in Fat City. Where will it go in the next few years? Absolutely no one knows.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/DJIA_historical_graph_to_jan09_%28log%29.svg/400px-DJIA_historical_graph_to_jan09_%28log%29.svg.png
The Dow Jones Industrial Average 1896-2008

...in 1897, Bram Stoker's famous novel Dracula went on sale in London. Stoker, a former soccer star from Ireland, wrote 17 novels in his career but it was Dracula that made the largest impact, earning him respect and literary fame and is held up as a masterpiece of Victorian Gothic literature. Stoker originally called the lead character Count Wampyr but in the writings of a diplomat named Wilkinson, he encountered the word "dracul" from the Romanian language, meaning "devil." He used a variation of the word, Dracula, for the antagonist's name. Vampires, undead who leave their graves at night in order to drink blood of human victims, were part of folk tales for centuries. The book was only moderately successful, in fact, it was not even mentioned in Stoker's obituary when he died in 1912. In 1931, Universal Studios released a film based on the book, starring Hungarian actor Bela Lugosi in the role of Dracula. It launched a career for Lugosi, although he was forever typecast, and it relaunched the sale of Stoker's book. Dozens upon dozens of vampire stories, movies and television series have been made since the film was a hit in 1931.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Henry_Irving_portrait.jpg
Sir Henry Irving, a Shakespearean actor and
employer of Stoker, was the inspiration for the
personality of Dracula, suave, debonair and a
gentleman in every way. Irving, of course, did not
have Dracula's penchant for blood. Although the role
was perfect for Irving, he never agreed to play the
role on stage.

...in 1959, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, pitcher Harvey Haddix of the Pittsburgh Pirates threw the greatest game in history, 12 perfect innings against the Milwaukee Braves, but lost. It was the first time a pitcher threw more than nine perfect innings in major league history. (A perfect inning is three up, three down, no one reaches base via any of the nine ways a batter can get to first base.) Unfortunately for Haddix, Milwaukee pitcher Lew Burdette matched him inning-for-shutout-inning although Burdette gave up 12 hits and two walks. In the 13th, Felix Mantilla beat out a ground ball that Don Hoak threw in the dirt. It was an error, so Haddix still had a no-hitter although the perfect game was over. Ediie Mathews sacrificed Mantilla to second. He intentionally walked Hank Aaron, who was leading the league in hitting at the time. Joe Adcock next hit a three-run home run, except that in his jubilation, Adcock passed Aaron on the base path. Umpire Frank Friscoli called him out and changed the homer to a two-run double. It didn't matter, the Braves beat Haddix and the Pirates 2-0, ending the greatest game ever pitched and one of the most bizarre stories in major league history. Lew Burdette called Haddix in the visitor's clubhouse after the game. The way he told reporters was that he'd give it up if he could. "I called Harvey that night in the visiting clubhouse. I told him 'I realize I got what I wanted, a win, but I'd really give it up because you pitched the greatest game that's ever been pitched in the history of baseball. It was a damned shame you had to lose.' "

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v171/lugnuts/blog_references/haddix_11_330.jpg
The long walk back to the dugout.
(Courtesy of the Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel)

That's it. That's all we know as of 12:01 AM, EDT.

[The_Kitchen_Guy]

There were no new developments in Paige's case yesterday. No news, no new developments.

In news of Candles for Paige (http://www.gratefulness.org/candles/candles.cfm?l=eng&gi=Paige) we had 29 candles as of this post. Remember, candles go out after 48 hours so keep lighting candles for Paige, her family and her three children.

Instructions for lighting candles for Paige are in the Missing thread, in this post (http://www.chefsuccess.com/f18/one-our-own-missing-22516/index254.html#post470298).

On this date in History...

...in 1940, the evacuation of the British at Dunkirk took a tragic and atrocious turn. Just 50 miles from Dunkirk, where a flotilla of british ships, boats and almost anything that floated awaited to take them home to England, 99 members of the Royal Norfolk Regiment soldiers bravely fought off a company of SS Soldiers. Holed up in a farmhouse, with ammunition gone, the troops agreed to surrender and left the farmhouse with white flags tied to their bayonets. They were greeted by German machine gun fire. Desperate, they tried again, this time ordered by an English-speaking German to an open field where they were stripped of everything they had of value, from cigarettes to gas masks. They were ordered to line up against a barn wall. When everyone had reached the wall, a voice called out, "FIRE!" and the machine guns mowed down the British regiment. Almost all who survived, except two, were bayoneted or shot with hand guns. Albert Pooley and William O'Callaghan survived by playing dead. After dark, the two survivors crawled to a farmhouse where their wounds were tended. The bodies were hastilly buried along the barn wall the next day. Pooley was badly injured, but the two managed to avoid capture - for a time. They were discovered and held as POWs. In 1943, Pooley's injuries were so bad that he was repatriated in exchange for wounded German soldiers. No one in England believed his story. When O'Callaghan returned and told the same story, a formal inquiry was made. After the war, Albert Pooley made it his personal task to hunt down Captain Fritz Knöchlein, who gave the order to fire, and bring him to justice. The bodies were exhumed and reburied in a French war cemetery. Knöchlein was found guilty of a war atrocity and was hanged on January 28, 1949.

...in 1972, Mark Donahue set the speed record at the Indianapolis 500 at 163.645 MPH, six MPH faster than the previous record. Donahue was a talented racer, winning in several different venues. He was the 1965 SCCA Driver of the Year, he won the 1973 Winston Cup. He won the first IROC race in 1974 and retired from driving to run Roger Penske's Winston Cup team. The bug still had him, though, and he decided to try his hand at Formula One. On August 19, 1975, he punctured a front tire in a tight turn at 160 MPH. His car spun out of control, crashed through four barricade fences and several billboards. He died in surgery to remove a blood clot from his brain.

...in 1937, the Golden Gate Bridge opened, one of the most recognizable icons in the world. On this date, the bridge was open to pedestrians only, allowing residents an opportunity to closely inspect the bridge. The Golden Gate Bridge was a marvel of technology and achievement when it opened, after only 5 years of construction. Dreamers had proposed bridging the Golden Gate Strait as far back as the 1870s when the completion of the transcontinental railroad brought passengers to Oakland, but not to San Francisco, except by ferry. San Francisco found itself on the wrong side of the bay. The cha